text:
Module:User:Benwing2/pl-szl-IPA

--[[

TODO: Decide on whether we want the Northern Borderlands dialect. The general consensus is to including it by doing the consonant subsitution and put the transcription in brackets Also the SBD should be included

--]]

local export = {}

local u = mw.ustring.char local rfind = mw.ustring.find local rmatch = mw.ustring.match local rsubn = mw.ustring.gsub local rsplit = mw.text.split local ulen = mw.ustring.len local ulower = mw.ustring.lower local uupper = mw.ustring.upper local usub = mw.ustring.sub

local m_table = require("Module:table") local m_IPA = require("Module:IPA") local audio_module = "Module:audio" local qualifier_module = "Module:qualifier"

-- version of rsubn that discards all but the first return value local function rsub(term, foo, bar) local retval = rsubn(term, foo, bar) return retval end

local OVERTIE = u(0x361) -- COMBINING DOUBLE INVERTED BREVE local TEMP1 = u(0xFFF0)

--[=[ About dialects and dialect groups:

A "dialect" describes, approximately, a single way of pronouncing the words of a language. Different dialects generally represent distinct groups of speakers, separately geographically, ethnically, socially or temporally. Within a single dialect it is possible to have more than one output for a given input; for example, words with rising diphthongs tend to have two outputs, a "faster" one with the i or u in hiatus pronounced as /j/ or /w/, and a "slower" one with the i or u in hiatus pronounced as /i/ or /u/. Another example concerns initial es- and ex- followed by a consonant, where the initial e- may be pronounce as either /e/ or /i/. In some cases, as in experiência, this results in four outputs. Some outputs may have associated qualifiers; e.g. the "faster" version of hiatus i and u is marked faster pronunciation, and the "slower" version marked slower pronunciation; but the variants in initial esC- and exC- are currently unmarked. The difference between multiple outputs in a single dialect and multiple dialects is that the multiple outputs represent different ways the same speaker might pronounce a given input in different circumstances, or represent idiolectal variation that cannot clearly be assigned to a given sociolinguistic (e.g. geographic, ethnic, social, temporal, etc.) identity.

A "dialect group" groups related dialects. For example, for Portuguese, the module currently defines two dialect groups: Brazil and Portugal. Within each are several dialects. This concerns the display of the dialects: each dialect group by default displays as a single line, showing the "representative" dialect of the group, with the individual dialects hidden and accessible using a toggle dropdown button labeled "More" on the right side of the line. It is quite possible to imagine multiple levels of dialect groups (e.g. it might make sense to view the current "Northern Portugal" dialect as its own group, with subdialects Porto/Minho and Transmontano; when this dialect displays, it in turn hides the subdialects under a "More" button). However, support for this nesting isn't yet provided. ]=]

-- Dialects and subdialects: export.all_dialects_by_lang = {} export.all_dialect_groups_by_lang = { pl = { pl = {"pl-standard"}, mpl = {"mpl-early", "mpl-late"}, },	szl = { szl = {"szl-standard", "opolskie"}, }, }

local dialect_to_lang = {} local dialect_to_dialect_group = {} local dialect_group_to_lang = {} for lang, dialect_groups in pairs(export.all_dialect_groups_by_lang) do	export.all_dialects_by_lang[lang] = {} for group, dialects in pairs(dialect_groups) do		dialect_group_to_lang[group] = lang for _, dialect in ipairs(dialects) do			dialect_to_lang[dialect] = lang dialect_to_dialect_group[dialect] = group table.insert(export.all_dialects_by_lang[lang], dialect) end end end

for lang, all_dialects in pairs(export.all_dialects_by_lang) do	export.all_dialect_groups_by_lang[lang].all = all_dialects end

export.all_dialect_descs = { -- dialect groups ["pl"] = "Polish", ["mpl"] = "Middle Polish", ["szl"] = "Silesian",

-- dialects ["pl-standard"] = "Standard Polish", ["mpl-early"] = "16th c. Middle Polish", ["mpl-late"] = "17th–18th c. Middle Polish", ["szl-standard"] = "Standard Silesian", ["opolskie"] = "Opolskie", }

--	As can be seen from the last lines of the function, this returns a table of transcriptions,	and if do_hyph, also a string being the hyphenation. These are based on a single spelling given,	so the reason why the transcriptions are multiple is only because of the -yka alternating stress	et sim. This only accepts single-word terms. Multiword terms are handled by multiword. -- local function phonemic(txt, dialect, do_hyph, is_prep) local ante = 0 local unstressed = is_prep or false local colloquial = true local group = dialect_to_dialect_group[dialect]

function tsub(s, r)		txt, c = rsubn(txt, s, r)		return c > 0 end function lg(s) return s[group] or s[1] end function tfind(s) return rfind(txt, s) end

-- Save indices of uppercase characters before setting everything lowercase. local uppercase_indices if do_hyph then uppercase_indices = {} local capitals = ("[A-Z%s]"):format(lg {			pl = "ĄĆĘŁŃÓŚŹŻ",			mpl = "ĄÁÅĆĘÉŁḾŃÓṔŚẂŹŻ",			szl = "ÃĆŁŃŌŎÔÕŚŹŻ",		}) if tfind(capitals) then local i = 1 local str = rsub(txt, "[.']", "") while rfind(str, capitals, i) do				local r, _ = rfind(str, capitals, i)				table.insert(uppercase_indices, r)				i = r + 1 end end if #uppercase_indices == 0 then uppercase_indices = nil end end

txt = ulower(txt)

-- Prevent palatalization of the special case kwazi-. tsub("^kwazi", "kwaz-i")

-- falling diphthongs  and , and diacriticised variants tsub(lg { "([ae])u", mpl = "([aáåeé])u" }, "%1U")

-- rising diphthongs with  local V = lg { pl = "aąeęioóuy", mpl = "aąáåeęéioóuy", szl = "aãeéioōŏôõuy" } tsub(("([^%s])i([%s])"):format(V, V), "%1I%2")

if txt:find("^*") then -- The symbol <*> before a word indicates it is unstressed. unstressed = true txt = txt:sub(2) elseif txt:find("^%^+") then -- The symbol <^> before a word indicates it is stressed on the ante-penult, -- <^^> on the ante-ante-penult, etc.		ante = txt:gsub("(%^).*", "%1"):len txt = txt:sub(ante + 1) elseif txt:find("^%+") then -- The symbol <+> indicates the word is stressed regularly on the penult. This is useful -- for avoiding the following checks to come into place. txt = txt:sub(2) else if tfind(".+[łlb][iy].+") then -- Some words endings trigger stress on the ante-penult or ante-ante-penult regularly. if tfind("liśmy$") or tfind("[bł]yśmy$") or tfind("liście$") or tfind("[bł]yście$") then ante = 2 elseif tfind("by[mś]?$") and not tfind("ła?by[mś]?$") then ante = 1 colloquial = false end end if tfind(".+[yi][kc].+") then local endings = lg { { "k[aąęio]", "ce", "kach", "kom" }, szl = { "k[aãio]", "ce", "kacj", "kōm" } }			for _, v in ipairs(endings) do				if tfind(("[yi]%s$"):format(v)) then ante = 1 end end end if group ~= "pl" then if tfind(".+[yi]j.+") then local endings = lg { mpl = { "[ąåéo]", "[ée]j", "[áo]m", "ach" }, szl = { "[ŏeiõo]", "ōm", "ach" }, }				for _, v in ipairs(endings) do					if tfind(("[yi]j%s$"):format(v)) then ante = 1 end end end end end

-- TODO: mpl and szl if not txt:find("%.") then -- Don't recognise affixes whenever there's only one vowel (or dipthong). local _, n_vowels = rsubn(txt, ("[%s]"):format(V), "") if n_vowels > 1 then

-- syllabify common prefixes as separate local prefixes = { "[be]lasto", "[fm]o[nt]o", "[gn]eo", "[pt]rzy", "a?steno", "a[efg]ro", "a[rs]tro", "aktyno", "akusto", "akwa", "all?o", "allo", "am[bf]i", "anarcho", "andro", "anemo", "ang[il]o", "ant[ey]", "antropo", "arachno", "archeo", "archi", "arcy", "areo", "arytmo", "astro", "at[mt]o", "atto", "audio", "awio", "ba[tr][oy]", "balneo", "biblio", "br?io", "brachy", "brio", "broncho", "ceno", "centro", "centy", "chalko", "chemo", "chiro", "chloro", "chole", "chondro", "choreo", "chro[mn]o", "chromato", "chrysto", "cyber", "cyklo", "cys?to", "cztero", "daktylo", "de[rs]mo", "decy", "deka", "dendro", "dermato", "diafano", "do", "dwu", "dynamo", "egzo", "ekstra", "elektro", "encefalo", "endo", "entero", "entomo", "ergo", "erytro", "etno", "eur[oy]", "farmako", "femto", "ferro", "fi[lt]o", "fizjo", "flebo", "franko", "ftyzjo", "galakto", "galwano", "germano", "geronto", "giga", "giganto", "gineko", "giro", "gliko", "gloso", "glotto", "gono", "grafo", "granulo", "grawi", "h?ekto", "h[ioy]lo", "haplo", "heksa", "heksa?", "helio", "hem[io]", "hemato", "hepta", "hetero", "hi[ge]ro", "hip[ns]?o", "hiper", "histo", "home?o", "hydro", "info", "inter", "izo", "jedno", "kardio", "kilk[ou]", "kilo", "kontra?", "kortyko", "kosmo", "krypto", "kseno", "lipo", "logo", "m[ai]kro", "ma[łn]o", "magneto", "me[gt]a", "mi?elo", "mi[mzk]o", "mi[nl]i", "między", "myzo", "nano", "ne[ku]ro", "niby", "nie", "nowo", "około", "oksy", "onto", "ornito", "para", "pato", "pierwo", "pięcio", "pneumo", "poli", "ponad", "post", "poza", "proto", "przed?", "pseudo", "psycho", "radio", "samo", "sfigmo", "sklero", "staro", "stereo", "tele", "tetra", "wice", "wielk?o", "wy", "za", "zoo", "ćwierć", "żyro", --  would hit too many false positives }			for _, v in ipairs(prefixes) do if tfind("^" .. v) then local _, other_vowels = rsubn(v, ("[%s]"):format(V), "") if (n_vowels - other_vowels) > 0 then tsub(("^(%s)"):format(v), "%1.") break end end end

if do_hyph then

-- syllabify common suffixes as separate -- TODO: szl local suffixes = lg { pl = { "nąć", "[sc]tw[aou]", "[sc]twie", "[sc]tw[eo]m", "[sc]twami", "[sc]twach", "dztw[aou]", "dztwie", "dztw[eo]m", "dztwami", "dztwach", "dł[aou]", "dł[eo]m", "dłami", "dłach", "[czs]j[aeięąo]", "[czs]jom", "[czs]jami", "[czs]jach", }, szl = { "nōńć", "dło", }				}

for _, v in ipairs(suffixes) do					if tsub(("(%s)$"):format(v), ".%1") then break end end

-- syllabify as /ist.ka/ if txt:find("[iy]st[kc]") then local endings = lg { { "k[aąęio]", "ce", "kach", "kom", "kami" }, szl = { "k[aãio]", "ce", "kami", "kacj", "kacach", "kōma?" },					}					for _, v in ipairs(endings) do						if tsub(("([iy])st(%s)$"):format(v), "%1st.%2") then break end end end end end end

-- Syllabify by adding a period (.) between syllables. There may already be user-supplied syllable divisions -- (period, single quote or hyphen), which we need to respect. This works by replacing each sequence of VC*V with -- V.V, V.CV, V.CRV (where R is a liquid) or otherwise VC.C+V, i.e. if there is more than one consonant, put the -- syllable boundary after the frist consonant unless the cluster consists of consonant + liquid. The main -- trickiness is due to digraphs (cz, rz, sz, dz, ch, dż, dź, and also b́ in Middle Polish, since there's no	-- single Unicode character for this). We need to do the whole process twice since each VC*V sequence overlaps -- the next one. for _ = 0, 1 do		tsub(("([%sU])([^%sU.']*)([%s])"):format(V, V, V), function(before_v, cons, after_v)			if ulen(cons) < 2 then				cons = "." .. cons			else				local first_two = usub(cons, 1, 2)				local first, rest				if rfind(first_two, "^[crsd]z$") or first_two == "ch" or rfind(first_two, "^d[żź]$") or					group == "mpl" and cluster == "b́" then					first, rest = rmatch(cons, "^(..)(.*)$")				else					first, rest = rmatch(cons, "^(.)(.*)$")				end				if rfind(rest, "^[rlłI-]$") then					cons = "." .. cons				else					cons = first .. "." .. rest				end			end			return before_v .. cons .. after_v		end) end

local hyph if do_hyph then hyph = txt:gsub("'", "."):gsub("-", ""):lower -- Restore uppercase characters. if uppercase_indices then -- str_i loops through all the characters of the string -- list_i loops as above but doesn't count dots -- array_i loops through the indices at which the capital letters are local str_i, list_i, array_i = 1, 1, 1 local function h_sub(x, y) return usub(hyph, x, y) end while array_i <= #uppercase_indices do if h_sub(str_i, str_i) ~= "." then if list_i == uppercase_indices[array_i] then hyph = ("%s%s%s"):format(h_sub(1,str_i-1), uupper(h_sub(str_i,str_i)), h_sub(str_i+1)) array_i = array_i + 1 end list_i = list_i + 1 end str_i = str_i + 1 end end end

tsub("'", "ˈ")

-- handle digraphs tsub("ch", "x") tsub("[crs]z", { ["cz"]="t_ʂ", ["rz"]="R", ["sz"]="ʂ" }) tsub("d([zżź])", "d_%1") if group == "mpl" then tsub("b́", "bʲ") end

-- basic orthographical rules -- not using lg here for speed if group == "pl" then tsub(".", {			-- vowels			["e"]="ɛ", ["o"]="ɔ",			["ą"]="ɔN", ["ę"]="ɛN",			["ó"]="u", ["y"]="ɨ",			-- consonants			["c"]="t_s", ["ć"]="t_ɕ",			["ń"]="ɲ", ["ś"]="ɕ", ["ź"]="ʑ",			["ł"]="w", ["w"]="v", ["ż"]="ʐ",			["g"]="ɡ", ["h"]="x",		}) elseif group == "mpl" then tsub(".", {			-- vowels			["á"]="ɒ", ["å"]="ɒ",			["ę"]="ɛ̃", ["ą"]="ɔ̃",			["e"]="ɛ", ["o"]="ɔ",			["é"]="e", ["ó"]="o",			["y"]="ɨ",			-- consonants			["ṕ"]="pʲ", --  has no unicode character and is hence handled above			["ḿ"]="mʲ", ["ẃ"]="vʲ",			["c"]="t_s", ["ć"]="t_ɕ",			["ń"]="ɲ", ["ś"]="ɕ", ["ź"]="ʑ",			["ł"]="ɫ", ["w"]="v", ["ż"]="ʐ",			["g"]="ɡ", ["h"]="x",		}) elseif group == "szl" then tsub(".", {			-- vowels			["e"]="ɛ", ["o"]="ɔ",			["ō"]="o", ["ŏ"]="O",			["ô"]="wɔ", ["y"]="ɨ",			["õ"] = "ɔ̃", ["ã"] = "ã",			-- consonants			["c"]="t_s", ["ć"]="t_ɕ",			["ń"]="ɲ", ["ś"]="ɕ", ["ź"]="ʑ",			["ł"]="w", ["w"]="v", ["ż"]="ʐ",			["g"]="ɡ", ["h"]="x",		}) end

-- palatalization local palatalize_into = { ["n"] = "ɲ", ["s"] = "ɕ", ["z"] = "ʑ" } tsub("([nsz])I", function (c) return palatalize_into[c] end) tsub("([nsz])i", function (c) return palatalize_into[c] .. "i" end)

-- voicing and devoicing

local T = "ptsʂɕkx" local D = "bdzʐʑɡ"

tsub(("([%s][.ˈ]?)v"):format(T), "%1f") tsub(("([%s][.ˈ]?)R"):format(T), "%1S")

local function arr_list(x) local r = "" for i in pairs(x) do r = r .. i		end return r	end

local devoice = { ["b"] = "p", ["d"] = "t", ["ɡ"] = "k", ["z"] = "s", ["v"] = "f", ["ʑ"] = "ɕ", ["ʐ"] = "ʂ", ["R"] = "S", }	local mpl_J = lg { "", mpl = "ʲ?" }

local arr_list_devoice = arr_list(devoice)

if not is_prep then tsub(("([%s])(%s)$"):format(arr_list_devoice, mpl_J), function (a, b)			return devoice[a] .. (type(b) == "string" and b or "")		end) end

if group ~= "mpl" then tsub("S", "ʂ") tsub("R", "ʐ") end

local voice = {} for i, v in pairs(devoice) do		voice[v] = i	end

local new_text local devoice_string = ("([%s])(%s[._]?[%s])"):format(arr_list_devoice, mpl_J, T)	local voice_string = ("([%s])(%s[._]?[%s])"):format(arr_list(voice), mpl_J, D) local function devoice_func(a, b) return devoice[a] .. b end local function voice_func(a, b) return voice[a] .. b end while txt ~= new_txt do		new_txt = txt tsub(devoice_string, devoice_func) tsub(voice_string, voice_func) end

if group == "pl" then -- nasal vowels tsub("N([.ˈ]?[pb])", "m%1") tsub("N([.ˈ]?[ɕʑ])", "ɲ%1") tsub("N([.ˈ]?[td]_[ɕʑ])", "ɲ%1") tsub("N([.ˈ]?[tdsz])", "n%1") tsub("N([.ˈ]?[wl])", "%1") tsub("ɛN$", "ɛ") tsub("N", "w̃") end

-- Hyphen separator, e.g. to prevent palatalization of . tsub("-", "")

tsub("_", OVERTIE) tsub("I", "j") tsub("U", "w")

-- stress local function add_stress(a) local s = "" for _ = 0, a do s = s .. "[^.]+%."		end local r = rsub(txt, ("%%.(%s[^.]+)$"):format(s), "ˈ%1") if not rfind(r, "ˈ") then r = "ˈ" .. r		end return (r:gsub("%.", "")) end

local should_stress = not (unstressed or txt:find("ˈ")) local nosyl_txt = should_stress and add_stress(ante) or txt

if is_prep then nosyl_txt = nosyl_txt .. "$"	end

local prons

if group == "pl" then if should_stress and ante > 0 and colloquial then local colloquial_pron = add_stress(0) if colloquial_pron == nosyl_txt then prons = else prons = { { phonemic = nosyl_txt, q = "prescribed" }, { phonemic = colloquial_pron, q = "casual" }, }			end else prons = end elseif group == "mpl" then if tfind("[RS]") then if dialect == "mpl-early" then prons = else prons = end else prons = end elseif group == "szl" then if tfind("O") then if dialect == "szl-standard" then prons = else prons = end else prons = end else error(("Internal error: Unrecognized dialect group '%s'"):format(group)) end

if do_hyph then return prons, hyph else return prons end end

-- Returns rhyme from a transcription. local function do_rhyme(pron, lang) local V = ({ pl = "aɛiɔuɨ", szl = "aɛeiɔouɨ" })[lang] local num_syl = select(2, rsubn(pron, ("[%s]"):format(V), "")) return { rhyme = rsub(rsub(rsub(pron, "^.*ˈ", ""), ("^[^%s]-([%s])"):format(V, V), "%1"), "%.", ""), num_syl = num_syl } end

--	Handles a single input, returning a table of transcriptions. Returns also a string of	hyphenation and a table of rhymes if it is a single-word term. -- local function multiword(term, dialect) local group = dialect_to_dialect_group[dialect]

if term:find("^%[.+%]$") then return elseif term:find(" ") then local prepositions = group == "szl" and { "bezy?", "na", "dlŏ", "d[oō]", "ku", "nady?", "ô", "ôdy?", "po", "pody?", "przedy?", "przezy?", "przi", "spody?", "u", "w[ey]?", "z[aey]?", "[śs]", "znady?" } or { "beze?", "na", "dla", "do", "ku", "nade?", "o", "ode?", "po", "pode?", "przede?", "przeze?", "przy", "spode?", "u", "we?", "z[ae]?", "znade?", "zza", }

local pronuns local contains_preps = false

for word in term:gmatch("[^ ]+") do			local is_prep = false for _, prep in ipairs(prepositions) do				if (rfind(word, ("^%s$"):format(prep))) then is_prep = true contains_preps = true break end end local word_pronuns = phonemic(word, dialect, false, is_prep) if not pronuns then pronuns = word_pronuns else local matches_up = #pronuns == #word_pronuns if matches_up then for i = 1, #pronuns do						if pronuns[i].q ~= word_pronuns[i].q then matches_up = false break end end end if matches_up then -- We can just concatenate horizontally, in O(n) time. for i = 1, #pronuns do pronuns[i].phonemic = pronuns[i].phonemic .. " " .. word_pronuns[i].phonemic end else -- We have to check each combination for compatibility, in O(n^2) time. It's possible to					-- optimize this but the number of pronunciations will never be more than a few, so it's not -- important. local result = {} for i = 1, #pronuns do						for j = 1, #word_pronuns do							if not pronuns[i].q or not word_pronuns[j].q or pronuns[i].q == word_pronuns[j].q then table.insert(result, {									phonemic = pronuns[i].phonemic .. " " .. word_pronuns[j].phonemic,									q = pronuns[i].q or word_pronuns[j].q								}) end end end end end end

if contains_preps then local function assimilate_preps(str) local T = "ptsʂɕkx" local devoice_obstruent = { ["d"] = "t", ["v"] = "f", ["z"] = "s", }				str = rsub(str, ("([dvz])(%$ ˈ?[" .. T .. "])"),					function(voiced, after) return devoice_obstruent[voiced] .. after end) if group == "szl" then local D = "bdzʐʑɡ" local voice_fricative = { ["s"] = "z", ["ɕ"] = "ʑ", }					str = rsub(str, ("([sɕ])(%$ ˈ?[" .. D .. "])"),						function(unvoiced, after) return voice_fricative[unvoiced] .. after end) end return rsub(str, "%$", "") end

for _, pronun in ipairs(pronuns) do				pronun.phonemic = assimilate_preps(pronun.phonemic) end end

return pronuns else return phonemic(term, dialect, group ~= "mpl", false) end end

-- This handles all the magic characters <*>, <^>, <+>, <.>, <#>. local function canonicalize_respelling(respelling, pagename)

local function check_af(str, af, reg, repl, err_msg) reg = reg:format(af) if not rfind(str, reg) then error(("the word does not %s with %s!"):format(err_msg, af)) end return str:gsub(reg, repl) end

local function check_pref(str, pref) return check_af(str, pref, "^(%s)", "%1.", "start") end local function check_suf(str, suf) return check_af(str, suf, "(%s)$", ".%1", "end") end

if respelling == "#" then -- The diaeresis stands simply for. return pagename elseif (respelling == "+") or respelling:find("^%^+$") or (respelling == "*") then -- Inputs that are just '+', '*', '^', '^^', etc. are treated as -- if they contained the pagename with those symbols preceding it. return respelling .. pagename -- Handle syntax like , <.ka> and . This allows to not respell -- the entire word when all is needed is to specify syllabification of a prefix -- and/or a suffix. elseif respelling:find(".+%.$") then return check_pref(pagename, respelling:sub(1, -2)) elseif respelling:find("^%..+") then return check_suf(pagename, respelling:sub(2)) elseif respelling:find(".+%.%..+") then return check_suf(check_pref(pagename, respelling:gsub("%.%..+", "")), respelling:gsub(".+%.%.", "")) end

return respelling

end

local function sort_things(lang, title, args_terms, args_quals, args_refs, args_period)

local pron_list, hyph_list, rhyme_list, do_hyph = { {}, {}, {} }, { }, { {}, {}, {} }, false

for index, term in ipairs(args_terms) do		term = canonicalize_respelling(term, title) local pron, hyph = multiword(term, lang, args_period) local qualifiers = {} if args_quals[index] then for qual in args_quals[index]:gmatch("[^;]+") do				table.insert(qualifiers, qual) end end local function new_pron(p, additional, dont_refs) local ret = { pron = ("/%s/"):format(p), qualifiers = qualifiers, refs = not dont_refs and {args_refs[index]}, }			if additional then local new_qualifiers = {} for _, v in ipairs(qualifiers) do					table.insert(new_qualifiers, v)				end table.insert(new_qualifiers, additional) ret.qualifiers = new_qualifiers end return ret end local should_rhyme = lang ~= "mpl" if type(pron) == "string" then table.insert(pron_list[1], new_pron(pron)) if should_rhyme then table.insert(rhyme_list[1], do_rhyme(pron, lang)) end elseif pron.phonetic then table.insert(pron_list[1], {				pron = pron.phonetic,				qualifiers = qualifiers,				refs = {args_refs[index]},			}) else local double_trancript = ({				pl = { "prescribed", "casual" },				mpl = { "16th c.", "17th–18th c." },				szl = { nil, "Opolskie" },			})[lang] table.insert(pron_list[2], new_pron(pron[1], double_trancript[1])) table.insert(pron_list[3], new_pron(pron[2], double_trancript[2], true)) if should_rhyme then table.insert(rhyme_list[2], do_rhyme(pron[1], lang)) table.insert(rhyme_list[3], do_rhyme(pron[2], lang)) end end if hyph then do_hyph = true if hyph:gsub("%.", "") == title then require("Module:table").insertIfNot(hyph_list, hyph) end end end

-- TODO: looks rather slow. local function merge_subtables(t) local r = {} if #t[2] + #t[3] == 0 then return t[1] end for _, subtable in ipairs(t) do			for _, value in ipairs(subtable) do				table.insert(r, value) end end return r	end

pron_list = merge_subtables(pron_list) rhyme_list = merge_subtables(rhyme_list)

return pron_list, hyph_list, rhyme_list, do_hyph end

function export.mpl_IPA(frame) local args = require("Module:parameters").process(frame:getParent.args, {

[1] = { list = true }, ["qual"] = { list = true, allow_holes = true }, ["q"] = { list = true, allow_holes = true, alias_of = "qual" }, ["period"] = {}, ["ref"] = { list = true, allow_holes = true },

["title"] = {}, -- for debugging or demonstration only

})

local terms = args[1]

if #terms == 0 then terms = { "#" } end

local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode("pl") return ("* %s %s"):format(require("Module:accent qualifier").format_qualifiers(lang, { "Middle Polish" }),		require("Module:IPA").format_IPA_full {			lang = lang,			items = (sort_things(				"mpl",				args.title or mw.title.getCurrentTitle.text,				terms,				args.qual,				args.ref,				args.period			))		}	)

end

function export.IPA(frame)

local arg_lang = frame.args.lang

local params = { [1] = { list = true }, ["qual"] = { list = true, allow_holes = true }, ["q"] = { list = true, allow_holes = true, alias_of = "qual" }, ["hyphs"] = {}, ["h"] = { alias_of = "hyphs" }, ["rhymes"] = {}, ["r"] = { alias_of = "rhymes" }, ["audios"] = {}, ["a"] = { alias_of = "audios" }, ["homophones"] = {}, ["hh"] = { alias_of = "homophones" }, ["ref"] = { list = true, allow_holes = true }, ["pagename"] = {}, -- for debugging or demonstration only

}

if arg_lang == "pl" then params["mp"] = { list = true } params["mp_qual"] = { list = true, allow_holes = true } params["mp_q"] = { list = true, allow_holes = true, alias_of = "mp_qual" } params["mp_period"] = {} params["mp_ref"] = { list = true, allow_holes = true } end

local args = require("Module:parameters").process(frame:getParent.args, process_args)

local terms = args[1] local title = args.pagename or mw.title.getCurrentTitle.text

if #terms == 0 then terms = { "#" } end

local pron_list, hyph_list, rhyme_list, do_hyph = sort_things(arg_lang, title, terms, args.qual, args.ref)

local mp_prons

if arg_lang == "pl" then if #args.mp > 0 then mp_prons = (sort_things("mpl", title, args.mp, args.mp_qual, args.mp_ref, args.mp_period)) end end

if args.hyphs then if args.hyphs == "-" then do_hyph = false else hyph_list = {} for v in args.hyphs:gmatch("[^;]+") do				table.insert(hyph_list, v)			end do_hyph = true end end

if args.rhymes then if args.rhymes == "-" then rhyme_list = {} elseif args.rhymes ~= "+" then rhyme_list = {} for v in args.rhymes:gmatch("[^;]+") do				if rfind(v, ".+/.+") then table.insert(rhyme_list, {						rhyme = rsub(v, "/.+", ""),						num_syl = tonumber(rsub(v, ".+/", "")),					}) else error(("The manual rhyme %s did not specify syllable number as RHYME/NUM_SYL."):format(v)) end end end end

for ooi, oov in ipairs(rhyme_list) do		oov.num_syl = { oov.num_syl } for coi = ooi + 1, #rhyme_list do			local cov = rhyme_list[coi] if oov.rhyme == cov.rhyme then local add_ns = true for _, onv in ipairs(oov.num_syl) do					if cov.num_syl == onv then add_ns = false break end end if add_ns then table.insert(oov.num_syl, cov.num_syl) end table.remove(rhyme_list, coi) end end end

local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode(arg_lang)

local m_IPA_format = require("Module:IPA").format_IPA_full local ret = "*" .. m_IPA_format(lang, pron_list)

if mp_prons then ret = ("%s\n*%s %s"):format(ret,			require("Module:accent qualifier").format_qualifiers(lang, { "Middle Polish" }),			m_IPA_format(lang, mp_prons)		) end

if args.audios then for v in args.audios:gmatch("[^;]+") do -- TODO: can I expand a template or is it a bad thing to do? ret = ("%s\n*%s"):format(ret, frame:expandTemplate { title = "audio", args = {				arg_lang,				v:gsub("#", title),				"Audio",			} }) end end

if #rhyme_list > 0 then ret = ("%s\n*%s"):format(ret, require("Module:rhymes").format_rhymes({ lang = lang, rhymes = rhyme_list })) end

if do_hyph then ret = ret .. "\n*" if #hyph_list > 0 then local hyphs = {} for hyph_i, hyph_v in ipairs(hyph_list) do				hyphs[hyph_i] = { hyph = {} } for syl_v in hyph_v:gmatch("[^.]+") do					table.insert(hyphs[hyph_i].hyph, syl_v) end end ret = ret .. require("Module:hyphenation").format_hyphenations { lang = lang, hyphs = hyphs, caption = "Syllabification" }		else ret = ret .. "Syllabification: [please specify syllabification manually] " if mw.title.getCurrentTitle.nsText == "" then ret = ("%s"):format(ret, arg_lang) end end end

if args.homophones then local homophone_list = {} for v in args.homophones:gmatch("[^;]+") do			if v:find("<.->$") then table.insert(homophone_list, {					term = v:gsub("<.->$", ""),					qualifiers = { (v:gsub(".+<(.-)>$", "%1")) },				}) else table.insert(homophone_list, { term = v }) end end ret = ("%s\n*%s"):format(ret, require("Module:homophones").format_homophones {			lang = lang,			homophones = homophone_list,		}) end

return ret end

--[==[ Compute the pronunciation for each given respelling of each dialect. `inputs` is an object listing the respellings and associated properties for each dialect. `args_dialect` is the value of the dialect parameter, which can be used to restrict the output to particular dialects. `pagename` is the page title (either the actual one or a value specified for debugging or demonstration purposes).

The value of `inputs` is a table whose keys are dialect codes and whose values are objects with the following fields: level, to control the indentation, from the  inline modifier; defaults to 1. and substitution specs of the form {[vol:vôl;ei:éi]} are allowed. qualifiers, which are appended to any user-specified qualifiers. string of the format parsed by {parse_references} in Module:references.
 * `pre`: Text to display before the output pronunciations, from the  inline modifier.
 * `post`: Text to display after the output pronunciations, from the  inline modifier.
 * `bullets`: Number of "bullets" (asterisks) to insert into the wikitext of the output pronunciations at the outermost
 * `terms`: List of objects describing the respellings. Each object has the following fields:
 * `term`: The respelling. The value {+} is allowed for specifying a respelling that is the same as the pagename,
 * `q`: List of left qualifiers to display before the pronunciation. The pronunciation itself may include one or more
 * `ref`: List of references to display after the pronunciation. Each reference is as specified by the user, i.e. a

The output of this function is a list of "expressed dialects", i.e. per-dialect pronunciations. Specifically, it is a list of objects, one per dialect group, with the following fields: where the representative pronunciation(s) of that dialect group (corresponding to the first object in `dialects`) is shown. The value can be `false` to show no tag text (if all dialect pronunciations are the same). object has the following fields: same).  such codes.   pronunciations for all dialects, otherwise 2. This controls the number of "bullets" (asterisks) to insert into the   wikitext; see `bullets` just below.   (asterisks) inserted into the wikitext is `bullets` + `indent` - 1.   `inputs`.   `inputs`.    generated by the code itself (e.g. faster pronunciation, slower pronunciation) followed by any qualifiers	specified by the user for the corresponding input respelling. If there are no qualifiers, this field will be nil.    corresponding user-specified references (if any) for the input respelling, passed through {parse_references} in	Module:references, and is passed directly to {format_IPA_full} in Module:IPA. If there are no references,	this field will be nil. ]==] function export.express_dialects(inputs, lang, args_dialect, pagename)	local pronuns_by_dialect = {}	local expressed_dialects = {}
 * `tag`: The tag text to show for the dialect group when displaying the default (hidden) tab for the dialect as a whole,
 * `dialects`: A list of objects, each representing the pronunciation(s) of a specific dialect in the dialect group. Each
 * `tag`: The tag text to show for the dialect, or `false` to show no tag text (if all dialect pronunciations are the
 * `represented_dialects`: A string representing the dialect code of the dialect represented by this object, or a list of
 * `indent`: The level of indentation to display this dialect at. Generally 1 if there's only a single set of
 * `bullets`: The value of `bullets` from the corresponding structure in `inputs`. The actual number of "bullets"
 * `pre`: Text to display before the output pronunciation(s), from the `pre` value of the corresponding structure in
 * `post`: Text to display before the output pronunciation(s), from the `post` value of the corresponding structure in
 * `pronuns`: A list specifying the actual pronunciation(s) to display. Each object has the following fields:
 * `phonemic`: The phonemic IPA of the pronunciation (without surrounding slashes).
 * `phonetic`: The phonetic IPA of the pronunciation (without surrounding brackets).
 * `qualifiers`: The left qualifiers describing this particular pronunciation; a combination of any qualifiers
 * `refs`: A list of reference objects describing the references for this pronunciation. This comes from the

local function dodialect(dialect) pronuns_by_dialect[dialect] = {} for _, val in ipairs(inputs[dialect].terms) do			local respelling = val.term respelling = canonicalize_respelling(respelling, pagename)

local refs if #val.ref == 0 then refs = nil else refs = {} for _, refspec in ipairs(val.ref) do					local this_refs = require("Module:references").parse_references(refspec) for _, this_ref in ipairs(this_refs) do						table.insert(refs, this_ref) end end end

local pronuns = multiword(respelling, dialect) for _, pronun in ipairs(pronuns) do				local qualifiers = m_table.deepcopy(val.q)				if pronun.q then m_table.insertIfNot(qualifiers, pronun.q)				end pronun.qualifiers = #qualifiers > 0 and qualifiers or nil pronun.q = nil pronun.refs = refs m_table.insertIfNot(pronuns_by_dialect[dialect], pronun) end end end

local function all_available(dialects) local available_dialects = {} for _, dialect in ipairs(dialects) do			if pronuns_by_dialect[dialect] then table.insert(available_dialects, dialect) end end return available_dialects end

local function express_dialect(dialects, indent) local hidden_tag, tag indent = indent or 1 if type(dialects) == "string" then dialects = {dialects} tag = export.all_dialect_descs[dialects[1]] hidden_tag = export.all_dialect_descs[dialect_to_dialect_group[dialects[1]]] else tag = false hidden_tag = false end dialects = all_available(dialects) if #dialects == 0 then return end local dialect = dialects[1]

-- If dialect specified, make sure it matches the requested dialect. local dialect_matches if not args_dialect then dialect_matches = true else local or_dialects = rsplit(args_dialect, "%s*,%s*") for _, or_dialect in ipairs(or_dialects) do				local and_dialects = rsplit(or_dialect, "%s*%+%s*") local and_matches = true for _, and_dialect in ipairs(and_dialects) do					local negate if and_dialect:find("^%-") then and_dialect = and_dialect:gsub("^%-", "") negate = true end local this_dialect_matches = false for _, part in ipairs(dialects) do						if part == and_dialect then this_dialect_matches = true break end end if negate then this_dialect_matches = not this_dialect_matches end if not this_dialect_matches then and_matches = false end end if and_matches then dialect_matches = true break end end end if not dialect_matches then return end

local new_dialect = { tag = tag, represented_dialects = dialects, pronuns = pronuns_by_dialect[dialect], indent = indent, bullets = inputs[dialect].bullets, pre = inputs[dialect].pre, post = inputs[dialect].post, }		for _, hidden_tag_dialect in ipairs(expressed_dialects) do			if hidden_tag_dialect.tag == hidden_tag then table.insert(hidden_tag_dialect.dialects, new_dialect) return end end table.insert(expressed_dialects, {			tag = hidden_tag,			dialects = {new_dialect},		}) end

for dialect, _ in pairs(inputs) do		dodialect(dialect) end

local function diff(dialect1, dialect2) if not pronuns_by_dialect[dialect1] or not pronuns_by_dialect[dialect2] then return true end return not m_table.deepEquals(pronuns_by_dialect[dialect1], pronuns_by_dialect[dialect2]) end if lang == "pl" then local mpl_early_late_different = diff("mpl-early", "mpl-late") local pl_mpl_different = diff("pl-standard", "mpl-early")

if not mpl_early_late_different and not pl_mpl_different then -- All the same express_dialect(export.all_dialects_by_lang.pl) else -- Polish express_dialect("pl-standard") -- Middle Polish express_dialect("mpl-early") if mpl_early_late_different then express_dialect("mpl-late", 2) end end else local szl_standard_opolskie_different = diff("szl-standard", "opolskie") if not szl_standard_opolskie_different then -- All the same express_dialect(export.all_dialects_by_lang.szl) else express_dialect("szl-standard") express_dialect("opolskie", 2) end end return expressed_dialects end

function export.show_IPA(frame) local frame_args = frame.args local iparams = { ["lang"] = {required = true}, }	local iargs = require("Module:parameters").process(frame_args, iparams) local lang = iargs.lang if not export.all_dialect_groups_by_lang[lang] then local valid_values = {} for valid_lang, _ in pairs(export.all_dialect_groups_by_lang) do			table.insert(valid_values, ("'%s'"):format(valid_lang)) end table.sort(valid_values) error(("Unrecognized value '%s': for invocation argument lang=: Should be one of %s"):format(lang, table.concat(valid_values, ", "))) end local langobj = require("Module:languages").getByCode(lang, true)

-- Create parameter specs local params = { [1] = {}, -- this replaces dialect group 'all' ["dialect"] = {}, ["pagename"] = {}, }	for group, _ in pairs(export.all_dialect_groups_by_lang[lang]) do		if group ~= "all" then params[group] = {} end end for _, dialect in ipairs(export.all_dialects_by_lang[lang]) do		params[dialect] = {} end

-- Parse arguments local parargs = frame:getParent.args local args = require("Module:parameters").process(parargs, params) local pagename = args.pagename or mw.title.getCurrentTitle.subpageText

-- Set inputs local inputs = {} -- If 1= specified, do all dialects (not including Middle Polish). if args[1] then for _, dialect in ipairs(export.all_dialects_by_lang[lang]) do			if not dialect:find("^mpl") then inputs[dialect] = args[1] end end end -- Then do remaining dialect groups other than 'all', overriding 1= if given. for group, dialects in pairs(export.all_dialect_groups_by_lang[lang]) do		if group ~= "all" and args[group] then for _, dialect in ipairs(dialects) do				inputs[dialect] = args[group] end end end -- Then do individual dialect settings. for _, dialect in ipairs(export.all_dialects_by_lang[lang]) do		if args[dialect] then inputs[dialect] = args[dialect] end end -- If no inputs given, set all dialects based on current pagename. if not next(inputs) then for _, dialect in ipairs(export.all_dialects_by_lang[lang]) do -- FIXME: Use + for consistency with Portuguese, Italian, Spanish, etc.			inputs[dialect] = "#" end end

-- Parse the arguments. local put for dialect, input in pairs(inputs) do		if input:find("[<%[]") then local function parse_err(msg) error(msg .. ": " .. dialect .. "= " .. input) end if not put then put = require("Module:parse utilities") end -- We don't want to split off a comma followed by a space, as in rei morto, rei posto, so replace -- comma+space with a special character that we later undo. input = rsub(input, ", ", TEMP1) -- Parse balanced segment runs involving either [...] (substitution notation) or <...> (inline modifiers). -- We do this because we don't want commas inside of square or angle brackets to count as respelling -- delimiters. However, we need to rejoin square-bracketed segments with nearby ones after splitting -- alternating runs on comma. For example, if we are given -- "a[x]a,[vol:vôl;ei:éi,ei]", after calling -- parse_multi_delimiter_balanced_segment_run we get the following output: --			-- {"a", "[x]", "a", "", ",", "[vol:vôl;ei:éi,ei]", "", "", ""} --			-- After calling split_alternating_runs, we get the following: --			-- {{"a", "[x]", "a", "", ""}, {"", "[vol:vôl;ei:éi,ei]", "", "<q:nonstandard>", ""}} --			-- We need to rejoin stuff on either side of the square-bracketed portions. local segments = put.parse_multi_delimiter_balanced_segment_run(input, {{"<", ">"}, {"[", "]"}}) -- Not with spaces around the comma; see above for why we don't want to split off comma followed by space. local comma_separated_groups = put.split_alternating_runs(segments, ",")

local parsed = {terms = {}} for i, group in ipairs(comma_separated_groups) do -- Rejoin bracketed segments with nearby ones, as described above. local j = 2 while j <= #group do					if group[j]:find("^%[") then group[j - 1] = group[j - 1] .. group[j] .. group[j + 1] table.remove(group, j)						table.remove(group, j)					else j = j + 2 end end for j, segment in ipairs(group) do					group[j] = rsub(segment, TEMP1, ", ") end

local term = {term = group[1], ref = {}, q = {}} for j = 2, #group - 1, 2 do					if group[j + 1] ~= "" then parse_err("Extraneous text '" .. group[j + 1] .. "' after modifier") end local modtext = group[j]:match("^<(.*)>$") if not modtext then parse_err("Internal error: Modifier '" .. group[j] .. "' isn't surrounded by angle brackets") end local prefix, arg = modtext:match("^([a-z]+):(.*)$") if not prefix then parse_err("Modifier " .. group[j] .. " lacks a prefix, should begin with one of " ..							"'pre:', 'post:', 'ref:', 'bullets:' or 'q:'") end if prefix == "ref" or prefix == "q" then table.insert(term[prefix], arg) elseif prefix == "pre" or prefix == "post" or prefix == "bullets" then if i < #comma_separated_groups then parse_err("Modifier '" .. prefix .. "' should occur after the last comma-separated term") end if parsed[prefix] then parse_err("Modifier '" .. prefix .. "' occurs twice, second occurrence " .. group[j]) end if prefix == "bullets" then if not arg:find("^[0-9]+$") then parse_err("Modifier 'bullets' should have a number as argument") end parsed.bullets = tonumber(arg) else parsed[prefix] = arg end else parse_err("Unrecognized prefix '" .. prefix .. "' in modifier " .. group[j]							.. ", should be one of 'pre', 'post', 'ref', 'bullets' or 'q'") end end table.insert(parsed.terms, term) end if not parsed.bullets then parsed.bullets = 1 end inputs[dialect] = parsed else local terms = {} -- We don't want to split on comma+space, which should become a foot boundary as in -- rei morto, rei posto. local subbed_input = rsub(input, ", ", TEMP1) for _, term in ipairs(rsplit(subbed_input, ",")) do				term = rsub(term, TEMP1, ", ") table.insert(terms, {term = term, ref = {}, q = {}}) end inputs[dialect] = { terms = terms, bullets = 1, }		end end

local expressed_dialects = export.express_dialects(inputs, lang, args.dialect, pagename)

local lines = {}

local function format_dialect(tag, expressed_dialect, is_first) local pronunciations = {} local formatted_pronuns = {}

-- Loop through each pronunciation. For each one, add the phonemic and (if different) phonetic versions to		-- `pronunciations`, for formatting by Module:IPA, and also create an approximation of the formatted -- version so that we can compute the appropriate width of the HTML switcher div box that holds the different -- per-dialect variants. for i, pronun in ipairs(expressed_dialect.pronuns) do			if pronun.phonemic then local separator = i > 1 and ", " or nil table.insert(pronunciations, {					pron = "/" .. pronun.phonemic .. "/",					qualifiers = pronun.qualifiers,					separator = separator,				}) local formatted_phonemic = "/" .. pronun.phonemic .. "/"				if pronun.qualifiers then formatted_phonemic = "(" .. table.concat(pronun.qualifiers, ", ") .. ") " .. formatted_phonemic end if separator then formatted_phonemic = separator .. formatted_phonemic end table.insert(formatted_pronuns, formatted_phonemic) end

-- Check if phonetic and phonemic are the same. If so, we skip displaying the phonetic version; but in this -- case, we need to attach any references to the phonemic version. if pronun.phonemic and (not pronun.phonetic or pronun.phonetic == pronun.phonemic) then pronunciations[#pronunciations].refs = pronun.refs else local separator = pronun.phonemic and " " or i > 1 and ", " or nil table.insert(pronunciations, {					pron = "[" .. pronun.phonetic .. "]",					refs = pronun.refs,					separator = separator,				}) local reftext = "" if pronun.refs then reftext = string.rep("[1]", #pronun.refs) end table.insert(formatted_pronuns, (separator or "") .. "[" .. pronun.phonetic .. "]" .. reftext) end end

-- Number of bullets: When indent = 1, we want the number of bullets given by `expressed_dialect.bullets`, -- and when indent = 2, we want `expressed_dialect.bullets + 1`, hence we subtract 1. local bullet = string.rep("*", expressed_dialect.bullets + expressed_dialect.indent - 1) .. " "		-- Here we construct the formatted line in `formatted`, and also try to construct the equivalent without HTML -- and wiki markup in `formatted_for_len`, so we can compute the approximate textual length for use in sizing -- the toggle box with the "more" button on the right. local pre = is_first and expressed_dialect.pre and expressed_dialect.pre .. " " or "" local pre_for_len = pre .. (tag and "(" .. tag .. ") " or "") pre = pre .. (tag and require(qualifier_module).format_qualifier(tag) .. " " or "") local post = is_first and (expressed_dialect.post and " " .. expressed_dialect.post or "") or "" local formatted = bullet .. pre .. m_IPA.format_IPA_full { lang = langobj, items = pronunciations, separator = "" } .. post local formatted_for_len = bullet .. pre .. "IPA(key): " .. table.concat(formatted_pronuns) .. post return formatted, formatted_for_len end

for i, dialect_group in ipairs(expressed_dialects) do		if #dialect_group.dialects == 1 then dialect_group.formatted, dialect_group.formatted_for_len = format_dialect(dialect_group.dialects[1].tag, dialect_group.dialects[1], i == 1) else dialect_group.formatted, dialect_group.formatted_for_len = format_dialect(dialect_group.tag, dialect_group.dialects[1], i == 1) for j, dialect in ipairs(dialect_group.dialects) do				dialect.formatted, dialect.formatted_for_len = format_dialect(dialect.tag, dialect, i == 1 and j == 1) end end end

-- Remove any HTML from the formatted text, since it doesn't contribute to the textual length, and return the -- resulting length in characters. local function textual_len(text) text = rsub(text, "<.->", "") return ulen(text) end

local maxlen = 0 for i, dialect_group in ipairs(expressed_dialects) do		local this_len = textual_len(dialect_group.formatted_for_len) if #dialect_group.dialects > 1 then for _, dialect in ipairs(dialect_group.dialects) do				this_len = math.max(this_len, textual_len(dialect.formatted_for_len)) end end maxlen = math.max(maxlen, this_len) end

for i, dialect_group in ipairs(expressed_dialects) do		if #dialect_group.dialects == 1 then table.insert(lines, " \n" .. dialect_group.formatted .. " ") else local inline = '\n \n' .. dialect_group.formatted .. " "			local full_prons = {} for _, dialect in ipairs(dialect_group.dialects) do				table.insert(full_prons, dialect.formatted) end local full = '\n \n' .. table.concat(full_prons, "\n") .. " "			local em_length = math.floor(maxlen * 0.68) -- from Module:grc-pronunciation table.insert(lines, '<div class="vsSwitcher" data-toggle-category="pronunciations" style="width: ' .. em_length .. 'em; max-width:100%;"> ' .. inline .. full .. " ") end end

-- major hack to get bullets working on the next line return table.concat(lines, "\n") .. "\n " end

return export

--[=============[

-- Generate all relevant dialect pronunciations and group into dialects. See the comment above about dialects and dialects. -- A "pronunciation" here could be for example the IPA phonemic/phonetic representation of the term or the IPA form of -- the rhyme that the term belongs to. If `dialect_spec` is nil, this generates all dialects for all dialects, but -- `dialect_spec` can also be a dialect spec such as "seseo" or "distincion+yeismo" (see comment above) to restrict the -- output. `dodialect` is a function of two arguments, `ret` and `dialect`, where `ret` is the return-value table (see -- below), and `dialect` is a string naming a particular dialect, such as "distincion-lleismo" or "rioplatense-sheismo". -- `dodialect` should side-effect the `ret` table by adding an entry to `ret.pronun` for the dialect in question. -- -- The return value is a table of the form -- -- { --  pronun = {DIALECT = {PRONUN, PRONUN, ...}, DIALECT = {PRONUN, PRONUN, ...}, ...}, --  expressed_dialects = {STYLE_GROUP, STYLE_GROUP, ...}, -- } -- -- where: -- 1. DIALECT is a string such as "distincion-lleismo" naming a specific dialect. -- 2. PRONUN is a table describing a particular pronunciation. If the dialect is "distincion-lleismo", there should be --   a field in this table named `differences`, but where other fields may vary depending on the type of pronunciation --   (e.g. phonemic/phonetic or rhyme). See below for the form of the PRONUN table for phonemic/phonetic pronunciation --   vs. rhyme and the form of the `differences` field. -- 3. STYLE_GROUP is a table of the form {tag = "HIDDEN_TAG", dialects = {INNER_STYLE, INNER_STYLE, ...}}. This describes --   a group of related dialects (such as those for Latin America) that by default (the "hidden" form) are displayed as --    a single line, with an icon on the right to "open" the dialect group into the "shown" form, with multiple lines --   for each dialect in the group. The tag of the dialect group is the text displayed before the pronunciation in the --   default "hidden" form, such as "Spain" or "Latin America". It can have the special value of `false` to indicate --   that no tag text is to be displayed. Note that the pronunciation shown in the default "hidden" form is taken --   from the first dialect in the dialect group. -- 4. INNER_STYLE is a table of the form {tag = "SHOWN_TAG", pronun = {PRONUN, PRONUN, ...}}. This describes a single --   dialect (such as for the Andes Mountains in the case where the seseo+lleismo accent differs from all others), to --    be shown on a single line. `tag` is the text preceding the displayed pronunciation, or `false` if no tag text --   is to be displayed. PRONUN is a table as described above and describes a particular pronunciation. -- -- The PRONUN table has the following form for the full phonemic/phonetic pronunciation: -- -- { --  phonemic = "PHONEMIC", --  phonetic = "PHONETIC", --  differences = {FLAG = BOOLEAN, FLAG = BOOLEAN, ...}, -- } -- -- Here, `phonemic` is the phonemic pronunciation (displayed as /.../) and `phonetic` is the phonetic pronunciation -- (displayed as [...]). -- -- The PRONUN table has the following form for the rhyme pronunciation: -- -- { --  rhyme = "RHYME_PRONUN", --  num_syl = {NUM, NUM, ...}, --  qualifiers = nil or {QUALIFIER, QUALIFIER, ...}, --  differences = {FLAG = BOOLEAN, FLAG = BOOLEAN, ...}, -- } -- -- Here, `rhyme` is a phonemic pronunciation such as "ado" for abogado or "iʝa"/"iʎa" for tortilla (depending -- on the dialect), and `num_syl` is a list of the possible numbers of syllables for the term(s) that have this rhyme -- (e.g. {4} for abogado, {3} for tortilla and {4, 5} for biología, which may be syllabified as -- bio.lo.gí.a or bi.o.lo.gí.a). `num_syl` is used to generate syllable-count categories such as -- in addition to. `num_syl` may be nil to -- suppress the generation of syllable-count categories; this is typically the case with multiword terms. -- `qualifiers`, if non-nil, comes from the user using the syntax e.g. <rhyme:iʃa<q:Buenos Aires>>. -- -- The value of the `differences` field in the PRONUN table (which, as noted above, only needs to be present for the -- "distincion-lleismo" dialect, and otherwise should be nil) is a table containing flags indicating whether and how -- the per-dialect pronunciations differ. This is an optimization to avoid having to generate all six dialectal -- pronunciations and compare them. It has the following form: -- -- { --  distincion_different = BOOLEAN, --  lleismo_different = BOOLEAN, --  need_rioplat = BOOLEAN, --  sheismo_different = BOOLEAN, -- } -- -- where: -- 1. `distincion_different` should be `true` if the "distincion" and "seseo" pronunciations differ; -- 2. `lleismo_different` should be `true` if the "lleismo" and "yeismo" pronunciations differ; -- 3. `need_rioplat` should be `true` if the Rioplatense pronunciations differ from the seseo+yeismo pronunciation; -- 4. `sheismo_different` should be `true` if the "sheismo" and "zheismo" pronunciations differ. local function express_all_dialects(dialect_spec, dodialect) local ret = { pronun = {}, expressed_dialects = {}, }

local need_rioplat

-- Add a dialect object (see INNER_STYLE above) that represents a particular dialect to `ret.expressed_dialects`. -- `hidden_tag` is the tag text to be used when the dialect group containing the dialect is in the default "hidden" -- state (e.g. "Spain", "Latin America" or false if there is only one dialect group and no tag text should be	-- shown), while `tag` is the tag text to be used when the individual dialect is shown (e.g. a description such as	-- "most of Spain and Latin America", "Andes Mountains" or "everywhere but Argentina and Uruguay"). -- `representative_dialect` is one of the dialects that this dialect represents, and whose pronunciation is stored in -- the dialect object. `matching_dialects` is a hyphen separated string listing the isoglosses described by this dialect. -- For example, if the term has an ll but no c/z, the `tag` text for the yeismo pronunciation will be	-- "most of Spain and Latin America" and `matching_dialects` will be "distincion-seseo-yeismo", indicating that -- it corresponds to both the "distincion" and "seseo" isoglosses as well as the "yeismo" isogloss. This is used -- when a particular dialect spec is given. If `matching_dialects` is omitted, it takes its value from -- `representative_dialect`; this is used when the dialect contains only a single dialect. local function express_dialect(hidden_tag, tag, representative_dialect, matching_dialects) matching_dialects = matching_dialects or representative_dialect -- If the Rioplatense pronunciation isn't distinctive, add all Rioplatense isoglosses. if not need_rioplat then matching_dialects = matching_dialects .. "-rioplatense-sheismo-zheismo" end -- If dialect specified, make sure it matches the requested dialect. local dialect_matches if not dialect_spec then dialect_matches = true else local dialect_parts = rsplit(matching_dialects, "%-") local or_dialects = rsplit(dialect_spec, "%s*,%s*") for _, or_dialect in ipairs(or_dialects) do				local and_dialects = rsplit(or_dialect, "%s*%+%s*") local and_matches = true for _, and_dialect in ipairs(and_dialects) do					local negate if and_dialect:find("^%-") then and_dialect = and_dialect:gsub("^%-", "") negate = true end local this_dialect_matches = false for _, part in ipairs(dialect_parts) do						if part == and_dialect then this_dialect_matches = true break end end if negate then this_dialect_matches = not this_dialect_matches end if not this_dialect_matches then and_matches = false end end if and_matches then dialect_matches = true break end end end if not dialect_matches then return end

-- Fetch the representative dialect's pronunciation if not already present. if not ret.pronun[representative_dialect] then dodialect(ret, representative_dialect) end -- Insert the new dialect into the dialect group, creating the group if necessary. local new_dialect = { tag = tag, pronun = ret.pronun[representative_dialect], }		for _, hidden_tag_dialect in ipairs(ret.expressed_dialects) do			if hidden_tag_dialect.tag == hidden_tag then table.insert(hidden_tag_dialect.dialects, new_dialect) return end end table.insert(ret.expressed_dialects, {			tag = hidden_tag,			dialects = {new_dialect},		}) end

-- For each type of difference, figure out if the difference exists in any of the given respellings. We do this by -- generating the pronunciation for the dialect "distincion-lleismo", for each respelling. In the process of	-- generating the pronunciation for a given respelling, it computes how the other dialects for that respelling -- differ. Then we take the union of these differences across the respellings. dodialect(ret, "distincion-lleismo") local differences = {} for _, difftype in ipairs { "distincion_different", "lleismo_different", "need_rioplat", "sheismo_different" } do		for _, pronun in ipairs(ret.pronun["distincion-lleismo"]) do			if pronun.differences[difftype] then differences[difftype] = true end end end local distincion_different = differences.distincion_different local lleismo_different = differences.lleismo_different need_rioplat = differences.need_rioplat local sheismo_different = differences.sheismo_different

-- Now, based on the observed differences, figure out how to combine the individual dialects into dialects and -- dialect groups. if not distincion_different and not lleismo_different then if not need_rioplat then express_dialect(false, false, "distincion-lleismo", "distincion-seseo-lleismo-yeismo") else express_dialect(false, "everywhere but Argentina and Uruguay", "distincion-lleismo",			"distincion-seseo-lleismo-yeismo") end elseif distincion_different and not lleismo_different then express_dialect("Spain", "Spain", "distincion-lleismo", "distincion-lleismo-yeismo") express_dialect("Latin America", "Latin America", "seseo-lleismo", "seseo-lleismo-yeismo") elseif not distincion_different and lleismo_different then express_dialect(false, "most of Spain and Latin America", "distincion-yeismo", "distincion-seseo-yeismo") express_dialect(false, "rural northern Spain, Andes Mountains", "distincion-lleismo", "distincion-seseo-lleismo") else express_dialect("Spain", "most of Spain", "distincion-yeismo") express_dialect("Latin America", "most of Latin America", "seseo-yeismo") express_dialect("Spain", "rural northern Spain", "distincion-lleismo") express_dialect("Latin America", "Andes Mountains", "seseo-lleismo") end if need_rioplat then local hidden_tag = distincion_different and "Latin America" or false if sheismo_different then express_dialect(hidden_tag, "Buenos Aires and environs", "rioplatense-sheismo", "seseo-rioplatense-sheismo") express_dialect(hidden_tag, "elsewhere in Argentina and Uruguay", "rioplatense-zheismo", "seseo-rioplatense-zheismo") else express_dialect(hidden_tag, "Argentina and Uruguay", "rioplatense-sheismo", "seseo-rioplatense-sheismo-zheismo") end end

-- If only one dialect group, don't indicate the dialect. -- Not clear we want this in reality. --if #ret.expressed_dialects == 1 then --	ret.expressed_dialects[1].tag = false --	if #ret.expressed_dialects[1].dialects == 1 then --		ret.expressed_dialects[1].dialects[1].tag = false --	end --end

return ret end

local function format_all_dialects(expressed_dialects, format_dialect) for i, dialect_group in ipairs(expressed_dialects) do		if #dialect_group.dialects == 1 then dialect_group.formatted, dialect_group.formatted_len = format_dialect(dialect_group.dialects[1].tag, dialect_group.dialects[1], i == 1) else dialect_group.formatted, dialect_group.formatted_len = format_dialect(dialect_group.tag, dialect_group.dialects[1], i == 1) for j, dialect in ipairs(dialect_group.dialects) do				dialect.formatted, dialect.formatted_len = format_dialect(dialect.tag, dialect, i == 1 and j == 1) end end end

local maxlen = 0 for i, dialect_group in ipairs(expressed_dialects) do		local this_len = dialect_group.formatted_len if #dialect_group.dialects > 1 then for _, dialect in ipairs(dialect_group.dialects) do				this_len = math.max(this_len, dialect.formatted_len) end end maxlen = math.max(maxlen, this_len) end

local lines = {}

local need_major_hack = false for i, dialect_group in ipairs(expressed_dialects) do		if #dialect_group.dialects == 1 then table.insert(lines, dialect_group.formatted) need_major_hack = false else local inline = '\n \n' .. dialect_group.formatted .. " "			local full_prons = {} for _, dialect in ipairs(dialect_group.dialects) do				table.insert(full_prons, dialect.formatted) end local full = '\n \n' .. table.concat(full_prons, "\n") .. " "			local em_length = math.floor(maxlen * 0.68) -- from Module:grc-pronunciation table.insert(lines, '<div class="vsSwitcher" data-toggle-category="pronunciations" style="width: ' .. em_length .. 'em; max-width:100%;"> ' .. inline .. full .. " ") need_major_hack = true end end

-- major hack to get bullets working on the next line after a div box return table.concat(lines, "\n") .. (need_major_hack and "\n " or "") end

local function dodialect_pronun(args, ret, dialect) ret.pronun[dialect] = {} for i, term in ipairs(args.terms) do		local phonemic, phonetic, differences if term.raw then phonemic = term.raw_phonemic phonetic = term.raw_phonetic differences = construct_default_differences(dialect) else phonemic = export.IPA(term.term, dialect, false) phonetic = export.IPA(term.term, dialect, true) differences = phonemic.differences phonemic = phonemic.text phonetic = phonetic.text end local refs if not term.ref then refs = nil else refs = {} for _, refspec in ipairs(term.ref) do				local this_refs = require("Module:references").parse_references(refspec) for _, this_ref in ipairs(this_refs) do					table.insert(refs, this_ref) end end end

ret.pronun[dialect][i] = { raw = term.raw, phonemic = phonemic, phonetic = phonetic, refs = refs, q = term.q,			qq = term.qq, a = term.a,			aa = term.aa, differences = differences, }	end end

local function generate_pronun(args) local function this_dodialect_pronun(ret, dialect) dodialect_pronun(args, ret, dialect) end

local ret = express_all_dialects(args.dialect, this_dodialect_pronun)

local function format_dialect(tag, expressed_dialect, is_first) local pronunciations = {} local formatted_pronuns = {}

local function ins(formatted_part) table.insert(formatted_pronuns, formatted_part) end

-- Loop through each pronunciation. For each one, add the phonemic and phonetic versions to `pronunciations`, -- for formatting by Module:IPA, and also create an approximation of the formatted version so that we can -- compute the appropriate width of the HTML switcher div box that holds the different per-dialect variants. -- NOTE: The code below constructs the formatted approximation out-of-order in some cases but that doesn't -- currently matter because we assume all characters have the same width. If we change the width computation -- in a way that requires the correct order, we need changes to the code below. for j, pronun in ipairs(expressed_dialect.pronun) do			-- Add tag to left qualifiers if first one -- FIXME: Consider using accent qualifier for the tag instead. local qs = pronun.q			if j == 1 and tag then if qs then qs = m_table.deepcopy(qs) table.insert(qs, tag) else qs = {tag} end end

local first_pronun = #pronunciations + 1

if not pronun.phonemic and not pronun.phonetic then error("Internal error: Saw neither phonemic nor phonetic pronunciation") end

if pronun.phonemic then -- missing if 'raw:[...]' given -- don't display syllable division markers in phonemic local slash_pron = "/" .. pronun.phonemic:gsub("%.", "") .. "/"				table.insert(pronunciations, {					pron = slash_pron,				}) ins(slash_pron) end

if pronun.phonetic then -- missing if 'raw:/.../' given local bracket_pron = "[" .. pronun.phonetic .. "]"				table.insert(pronunciations, {					pron = bracket_pron,				}) ins(bracket_pron) end

local last_pronun = #pronunciations

if qs then pronunciations[first_pronun].q = qs			end if pronun.a then pronunciations[first_pronun].a = pronun.a			end if j > 1 then pronunciations[first_pronun].separator = ", " ins(", ") end if pronun.qq then pronunciations[last_pronun].qq = pronun.qq			end if pronun.aa then pronunciations[last_pronun].aa = pronun.aa			end if qs or pronun.qq or pronun.a or pronun.aa then -- Note: This inserts the actual formatted qualifier text, including HTML and such, but the later call -- to textual_len removes all HTML and reduces links. ins(require("Module:pron qualifier").format_qualifiers {					lang = lang,					text = "",					q = qs,					qq = pronun.qq,					a = pronun.a,					aa = pronun.aa,				}) end

if pronun.refs then pronunciations[last_pronun].refs = pronun.refs -- Approximate the reference using a footnote notation. This will be slightly inaccurate if there are -- more than nine references but that is rare. ins(string.rep("[1]", #pronun.refs)) end if first_pronun ~= last_pronun then pronunciations[last_pronun].separator = " " ins(" ") end end

local bullet = string.rep("*", args.bullets) .. " "		-- Here we construct the formatted line in `formatted`, and also try to construct the equivalent without HTML -- and wiki markup in `formatted_for_len`, so we can compute the approximate textual length for use in sizing -- the toggle box with the "more" button on the right. local pre = is_first and args.pre and args.pre .. " " or "" local post = is_first and args.post and " " .. args.post or "" local formatted = bullet .. pre .. m_IPA.format_IPA_full { lang = lang, items = pronunciations, separator = "" } .. post local formatted_for_len = bullet .. pre .. "IPA(key): " .. table.concat(formatted_pronuns) .. post return formatted, textual_len(formatted_for_len) end

ret.text = format_all_dialects(ret.expressed_dialects, format_dialect)

return ret end

local function parse_respelling(respelling, pagename, parse_err) local raw_respelling = respelling:match("^raw:(.*)$") if raw_respelling then local raw_phonemic, raw_phonetic = raw_respelling:match("^/(.*)/ %[(.*)%]$") if not raw_phonemic then raw_phonemic = raw_respelling:match("^/(.*)/$") end if not raw_phonemic then raw_phonetic = raw_respelling:match("^%[(.*)%]$") end if not raw_phonemic and not raw_phonetic then parse_err(("Unable to parse raw respelling '%s', should be one of /.../, [...] or /.../ [...]")				:format(raw_respelling)) end return { raw = true, raw_phonemic = raw_phonemic, raw_phonetic = raw_phonetic, }	end if respelling == "+" then respelling = pagename end return {term = respelling} end

-- External entry point for. function export.show(frame) local params = { [1] = {},		["pre"] = {}, ["post"] = {}, ["ref"] = {}, ["dialect"] = {}, ["bullets"] = {type = "number", default = 1}, }	local parargs = frame:getParent.args local args = require("Module:parameters").process(parargs, params) local text = args[1] or mw.title.getCurrentTitle.text args.terms = local ret = generate_pronun(args) return ret.text end

-- Return the number of syllables of a phonemic representation, which should have syllable dividers in it but no -- hyphens. local function get_num_syl_from_phonemic(phonemic) -- Maybe we should just count vowels instead of the below code. phonemic = rsub(phonemic, "|", " ") -- remove IPA foot boundaries local words = rsplit(phonemic, " +") for i, word in ipairs(words) do -- IPA stress marks are syllable divisions if between characters; otherwise just remove. word = rsub(word, "(.)[ˌˈ](.)", "%1.%2") word = rsub(word, "[ˌˈ]", "") words[i] = word end -- There should be a syllable boundary between words. phonemic = table.concat(words, ".") return ulen(rsub(phonemic, "[^.]", "")) + 1 end

-- Get the rhyme by truncating everything up through the last stress mark + any following consonants, and remove -- syllable boundary markers. local function convert_phonemic_to_rhyme(phonemic) -- NOTE: This works because the phonemic vowels are just [aeiou] possibly with diacritics that are separate -- Unicode chars. If we want to handle things like ɛ or ɔ we need to add them to `vowel`. return rsub(rsub(phonemic, ".*[ˌˈ]", ""), "^[^" .. vowel .. "]*", ""):gsub("%.", ""):gsub("t͡ʃ", "tʃ") end

local function split_syllabified_spelling(spelling) return rsplit(spelling, "%.") end

-- "Align" syllabification to original spelling by matching character-by-character, allowing for extra syllable and -- accent markers in the syllabification. If we encounter an extra syllable marker (.), we allow and keep it. If we -- encounter an extra accent marker in the syllabification, we drop it. In any other case, we return nil indicating -- the alignment failed. local function align_syllabification_to_spelling(syllab, spelling) local result = {} local syll_chars = rsplit(decompose(syllab), "") local spelling_chars = rsplit(decompose(spelling), "") local i = 1 local j = 1 while i <= #syll_chars or j <= #spelling_chars do		local ci = syll_chars[i] local cj = spelling_chars[j] if ci == cj then table.insert(result, ci) i = i + 1 j = j + 1 elseif ci == "." then table.insert(result, ci) i = i + 1 elseif ci == AC or ci == GR or ci == CFLEX then -- skip character i = i + 1 else -- non-matching character return nil end end if i <= #syll_chars or j <= #spelling_chars then -- left-over characters on one side or the other return nil end return unfc(table.concat(result)) end

local function generate_hyph_obj(term) return {syllabification = term, hyph = split_syllabified_spelling(term)} end

-- Word should already be decomposed. local function word_has_vowels(word) return rfind(word, V) end

local function all_words_have_vowels(term) local words = rsplit(decompose(term), "[ %-]") for i, word in ipairs(words) do -- Allow empty word; this occurs with prefixes and suffixes. if word ~= "" and not word_has_vowels(word) then return false end end return true end

local function should_generate_rhyme_from_respelling(term) local words = rsplit(decompose(term), " +") return #words == 1 and -- no if multiple words not words[1]:find(".%-.") and -- no if word is composed of hyphenated parts (e.g. Austria-Hungría) not words[1]:find("%-$") and -- no if word is a prefix not (words[1]:find("^%-") and words[1]:find(CFLEX)) and -- no if word is an unstressed suffix word_has_vowels(words[1]) -- no if word has no vowels (e.g. a single letter) end

local function should_generate_rhyme_from_ipa(ipa) return not ipa:find("%s") and word_has_vowels(decompose(ipa)) end

local function dodialect_specified_rhymes(rhymes, hyphs, parsed_respellings, rhyme_ret, dialect) rhyme_ret.pronun[dialect] = {} for _, rhyme in ipairs(rhymes) do		local num_syl = rhyme.num_syl local no_num_syl = false

-- If user explicitly gave the rhyme but didn't explicitly specify the number of syllables, try to take it from -- the hyphenation. if not num_syl then num_syl = {} for _, hyph in ipairs(hyphs) do				if should_generate_rhyme_from_respelling(hyph.syllabification) then local this_num_syl = 1 + ulen(rsub(hyph.syllabification, "[^.]", "")) m_table.insertIfNot(num_syl, this_num_syl) else no_num_syl = true break end end if no_num_syl or #num_syl == 0 then num_syl = nil end end

-- If that fails and term is single-word, try to take it from the phonemic. if not no_num_syl and not num_syl then for _, parsed in ipairs(parsed_respellings) do				for dialect, pronun in pairs(parsed.pronun.pronun[dialect]) do -- Check that pronun.phonemic exists (it may not if raw phonetic-only pronun is given). if pronun.phonemic then if not should_generate_rhyme_from_ipa(pronun.phonemic) then no_num_syl = true break end -- Count number of syllables by looking at syllable boundaries (including stress marks). local this_num_syl = get_num_syl_from_phonemic(pronun.phonemic) m_table.insertIfNot(num_syl, this_num_syl) end end if no_num_syl then break end end if no_num_syl or #num_syl == 0 then num_syl = nil end end

table.insert(rhyme_ret.pronun[dialect], {			rhyme = rhyme.rhyme,			num_syl = num_syl,			qualifiers = rhyme.qualifiers,			differences = construct_default_differences(dialect),		}) end end

local function parse_pron_modifier(arg, parse_err, generate_obj, param_mods, splitchar) local retval = {}

if arg:find("<") then local insert = { store = "insert" } param_mods.q = insert param_mods.qq = insert param_mods.a = insert param_mods.aa = insert return require(put_module).parse_inline_modifiers(arg, {			param_mods = param_mods,			generate_obj = generate_obj,			parse_err = parse_err,			splitchar = splitchar or ",",		}) else local split_args if not splitchar then split_args = split_on_comma(arg) else split_args = rsplit(arg, splitchar) end for _, term in ipairs(split_args) do			table.insert(retval, generate_obj(term)) end end

return retval end

local function parse_rhyme(arg, parse_err) local function generate_obj(term) return {rhyme = term} end local param_mods = { s = { item_dest = "num_syl", convert = function(arg, parse_err), local nsyls = rsplit(arg, ",") for i, nsyl in ipairs(nsyls) do					if not nsyl:find("^[0-9]+$") then parse_err("Number of syllables '" .. nsyl .. "' should be numeric") end nsyls[i] = tonumber(nsyl) end return nsyls end, },	}

return parse_pron_modifier(arg, parse_err, generate_obj, param_mods) end

local function parse_hyph(arg, parse_err) -- None other than qualifiers local param_mods = {}

return parse_pron_modifier(arg, parse_err, generate_hyph_obj, param_mods) end

local function parse_homophone(arg, parse_err) local function generate_obj(term) return {term = term} end local param_mods = { t = { -- We need to store the <t:...> inline modifier into the "gloss" key of the parsed term, -- because that is what Module:links (called from Module:homophones) expects. item_dest = "gloss", },		gloss = {}, pos = {}, alt = {}, lit = {}, id = {}, g = { -- We need to store the <g:...> inline modifier into the "genders" key of the parsed term, -- because that is what Module:links (called from Module:homophones) expects. item_dest = "genders", convert = function(arg) return rsplit(arg, ",") end, },	}

return parse_pron_modifier(arg, parse_err, generate_obj, param_mods) end

local function generate_audio_obj(arg) local file, gloss file, gloss = arg:match("^(.-)%s*#%s*(.*)$") if not file then file = arg gloss = "Audio" end return {file = file, gloss = gloss} end

local function parse_audio(arg, parse_err) -- None other than qualifiers local param_mods = {}

-- Don't split on comma because some filenames have embedded commas not followed by a space -- (typically followed by an underscore). return parse_pron_modifier(arg, parse_err, generate_audio_obj, param_mods, ";") end

-- External entry point for,. function export.show_pr(frame) local params = { [1] = {list = true}, ["rhyme"] = {}, ["hyph"] = {}, ["hmp"] = {}, ["audio"] = {}, ["pagename"] = {}, }	local parargs = frame:getParent.args local args = require("Module:parameters").process(parargs, params) local pagename = args.pagename or mw.title.getCurrentTitle.subpageText

-- Parse the arguments. local respellings = #args[1] > 0 and args[1] or {"+"} local parsed_respellings = {} local function overall_parse_err(msg, arg, val) error(msg .. ": " .. arg .. "= " .. val) end local overall_rhyme = args.rhyme and parse_rhyme(args.rhyme, function(msg) overall_parse_err(msg, "rhyme", args.rhyme) end) or nil local overall_hyph = args.hyph and parse_hyph(args.hyph, function(msg) overall_parse_err(msg, "hyph", args.hyph) end) or nil local overall_hmp = args.hmp and parse_homophone(args.hmp, function(msg) overall_parse_err(msg, "hmp", args.hmp) end) or nil local overall_audio = args.audio and parse_audio(args.audio, function(msg) overall_parse_err(msg, "audio", args.audio) end) or nil for i, respelling in ipairs(respellings) do		if respelling:find("<") then local param_mods = { pre = { overall = true }, post = { overall = true }, dialect = { overall = true }, bullets = { overall = true, convert = function(arg, parse_err) if not arg:find("^[0-9]+$") then parse_err("Modifier 'bullets' should have a number as argument, but saw '" .. arg .. "'") end return tonumber(arg) end, },				rhyme = { overall = true, store = "insert-flattened", convert = parse_rhyme, },				hyph = { overall = true, store = "insert-flattened", convert = parse_hyph, },				hmp = { overall = true, store = "insert-flattened", convert = parse_homophone, },				audio = { overall = true, store = "insert-flattened", convert = parse_audio, },				ref = { store = "insert" }, q = { store = "insert" }, qq = { store = "insert" }, a = { store = "insert" }, aa = { store = "insert" }, }

local parsed = require(put_module).parse_inline_modifiers(respelling, {				paramname = i,				param_mods = param_mods,				generate_obj = function(term, parse_err)					return parse_respelling(term, pagename, parse_err)				end,				splitchar = ",",				outer_container = {					audio = {}, rhyme = {}, hyph = {}, hmp = {}				}			}) if not parsed.bullets then parsed.bullets = 1 end table.insert(parsed_respellings, parsed) else local termobjs = {} local function parse_err(msg) error(msg .. ": " .. i .. "= " .. respelling) end for _, term in ipairs(split_on_comma(respelling)) do				table.insert(termobjs, parse_respelling(term, pagename, parse_err)) end table.insert(parsed_respellings, {				terms = termobjs,				audio = {},				rhyme = {},				hyph = {},				hmp = {},				bullets = 1,			}) end end

if overall_hyph then local hyphs = {} for _, hyph in ipairs(overall_hyph) do			if hyph.syllabification == "+" then hyph.syllabification = syllabify_from_spelling(pagename) hyph.hyph = split_syllabified_spelling(hyph.syllabification) elseif hyph.syllabification == "-" then overall_hyph = {} break end end end

-- Loop over individual respellings, processing each. for _, parsed in ipairs(parsed_respellings) do		parsed.pronun = generate_pronun(parsed) local no_auto_rhyme = false for _, term in ipairs(parsed.terms) do			if term.raw then if not should_generate_rhyme_from_ipa(term.raw_phonemic or term.raw_phonetic) then no_auto_rhyme = true break end elseif not should_generate_rhyme_from_respelling(term.term) then no_auto_rhyme = true break end end

if #parsed.hyph == 0 then if not overall_hyph and all_words_have_vowels(pagename) then for _, term in ipairs(parsed.terms) do					if not term.raw then local syllabification = syllabify_from_spelling(term.term) local aligned_syll = align_syllabification_to_spelling(syllabification, pagename) if aligned_syll then m_table.insertIfNot(parsed.hyph, generate_hyph_obj(aligned_syll)) end end end end else for _, hyph in ipairs(parsed.hyph) do				if hyph.syllabification == "+" then hyph.syllabification = syllabify_from_spelling(pagename) hyph.hyph = split_syllabified_spelling(hyph.syllabification) elseif hyph.syllabification == "-" then parsed.hyph = {} break end end end

-- Generate the rhymes. local function dodialect_rhymes_from_pronun(rhyme_ret, dialect) rhyme_ret.pronun[dialect] = {} -- It's possible the pronunciation for a passed-in dialect was never generated. This happens e.g. with -- . The initial call to generate_pronun fails to generate a pronunciation -- for the dialect 'distinction-yeismo' because the pronunciation of 'cebolla' differs between distincion -- and seseo and so the seseo dialect restriction rules out generation of pronunciation for distincion -- dialects (other than 'distincion-lleismo', which always gets generated so as to determine on which axes			-- the dialects differ). However, when generating the rhyme, it is based only on -olla, whose pronunciation -- does not differ between distincion and seseo, but does differ between lleismo and yeismo, so it needs to			-- generate a yeismo-specific rhyme, and 'distincion-yeismo' is the representative dialect for yeismo in the -- situation where distincion and seseo do not have distinct results (based on the following line in			-- express_all_dialects): --  express_dialect(false, "most of Spain and Latin America", "distincion-yeismo", "distincion-seseo-yeismo") -- In this case we need to generate the missing overall pronunciation ourselves since we need it to generate -- the dialect-specific rhyme pronunciation. if not parsed.pronun.pronun[dialect] then dodialect_pronun(parsed, parsed.pronun, dialect) end for _, pronun in ipairs(parsed.pronun.pronun[dialect]) do				-- We should have already excluded multiword terms and terms without vowels from rhyme generation (see				-- `no_auto_rhyme` below). But make sure to check that pronun.phonemic exists (it may not if raw				-- phonetic-only pronun is given). if pronun.phonemic then -- Count number of syllables by looking at syllable boundaries (including stress marks). local num_syl = get_num_syl_from_phonemic(pronun.phonemic) -- Get the rhyme by truncating everything up through the last stress mark + any following -- consonants, and remove syllable boundary markers. local rhyme = convert_phonemic_to_rhyme(pronun.phonemic) local saw_already = false for _, existing in ipairs(rhyme_ret.pronun[dialect]) do						if existing.rhyme == rhyme then saw_already = true -- We already saw this rhyme but possibly with a different number of syllables, -- e.g. if the user specified two pronunciations 'biología' (4 syllables) and -- 'bi.ología' (5 syllables), both of which have the same rhyme /ia/. m_table.insertIfNot(existing.num_syl, num_syl) break end end if not saw_already then local rhyme_diffs = nil if dialect == "distincion-lleismo" then rhyme_diffs = {} if rhyme:find("θ") then rhyme_diffs.distincion_different = true end if rhyme:find("ʎ") then rhyme_diffs.lleismo_different = true end if rfind(rhyme, "[ʎɟ]") then rhyme_diffs.sheismo_different = true rhyme_diffs.need_rioplat = true end end table.insert(rhyme_ret.pronun[dialect], {							rhyme = rhyme,							num_syl = {num_syl},							differences = rhyme_diffs,						}) end end end end

if #parsed.rhyme == 0 then if overall_rhyme or no_auto_rhyme then parsed.rhyme = nil else parsed.rhyme = express_all_dialects(parsed.dialect, dodialect_rhymes_from_pronun) end else local no_rhyme = false for _, rhyme in ipairs(parsed.rhyme) do				if rhyme.rhyme == "-" then no_rhyme = true break end end if no_rhyme then parsed.rhyme = nil else local function this_dodialect(rhyme_ret, dialect) return dodialect_specified_rhymes(parsed.rhyme, parsed.hyph, {parsed}, rhyme_ret, dialect) end parsed.rhyme = express_all_dialects(parsed.dialect, this_dodialect) end end end

if overall_rhyme then local no_overall_rhyme = false for _, orhyme in ipairs(overall_rhyme) do			if orhyme.rhyme == "-" then no_overall_rhyme = true break end end if no_overall_rhyme then overall_rhyme = nil else local all_hyphs if overall_hyph then all_hyphs = overall_hyph else all_hyphs = {} for _, parsed in ipairs(parsed_respellings) do					for _, hyph in ipairs(parsed.hyph) do						m_table.insertIfNot(all_hyphs, hyph) end end end local function dodialect_overall_rhyme(rhyme_ret, dialect) return dodialect_specified_rhymes(overall_rhyme, all_hyphs, parsed_respellings, rhyme_ret, dialect) end overall_rhyme = express_all_dialects(parsed.dialect, dodialect_overall_rhyme) end end

-- If all sets of pronunciations have the same rhymes, display them only once at the bottom. -- Otherwise, display rhymes beneath each set, indented. local first_rhyme_ret local all_rhyme_sets_eq = true for j, parsed in ipairs(parsed_respellings) do		if j == 1 then first_rhyme_ret = parsed.rhyme elseif not m_table.deepEquals(first_rhyme_ret, parsed.rhyme) then all_rhyme_sets_eq = false break end end

local function format_rhyme(rhyme_ret, num_bullets) local function format_rhyme_dialect(tag, expressed_dialect, is_first) local pronunciations = {} local rhymes = {} for _, pronun in ipairs(expressed_dialect.pronun) do				table.insert(rhymes, pronun) end local data = { lang = lang, rhymes = rhymes, qualifiers = tag and {tag} or nil, force_cat = force_cat, }			local bullet = string.rep("*", num_bullets) .. " "			local formatted = bullet .. require("Module:rhymes").format_rhymes(data) local formatted_for_len_parts = {} table.insert(formatted_for_len_parts, bullet .. "Rhymes: " .. (tag and "(" .. tag .. ") " or "")) for j, pronun in ipairs(expressed_dialect.pronun) do				if j > 1 then table.insert(formatted_for_len_parts, ", ") end if pronun.qualifiers then table.insert(formatted_for_len_parts, "(" .. table.concat(pronun.qualifiers, ", ") .. ") ")				end table.insert(formatted_for_len_parts, "-" .. pronun.rhyme) end return formatted, textual_len(table.concat(formatted_for_len_parts)) end

return format_all_dialects(rhyme_ret.expressed_dialects, format_rhyme_dialect) end

-- If all sets of pronunciations have the same hyphenations, display them only once at the bottom. -- Otherwise, display hyphenations beneath each set, indented. local first_hyphs local all_hyph_sets_eq = true for j, parsed in ipairs(parsed_respellings) do		if j == 1 then first_hyphs = parsed.hyph elseif not m_table.deepEquals(first_hyphs, parsed.hyph) then all_hyph_sets_eq = false break end end

local function format_hyphenations(hyphs, num_bullets) local hyphtext = require("Module:hyphenation").format_hyphenations { lang = lang, hyphs = hyphs, caption = "Syllabification" } return string.rep("*", num_bullets) .. " " .. hyphtext end

-- If all sets of pronunciations have the same homophones, display them only once at the bottom. -- Otherwise, display homophones beneath each set, indented. local first_hmps local all_hmp_sets_eq = true for j, parsed in ipairs(parsed_respellings) do		if j == 1 then first_hmps = parsed.hmp elseif not m_table.deepEquals(first_hmps, parsed.hmp) then all_hmp_sets_eq = false break end end

local function format_homophones(hmps, num_bullets) local hmptext = require("Module:homophones").format_homophones { lang = lang, homophones = hmps } return string.rep("*", num_bullets) .. " " .. hmptext end

local function format_audio(audios, num_bullets) local ret = {} for i, audio in ipairs(audios) do			local text = require(audio_module).format_audio { lang = lang, file = audio.file, caption = audio.gloss, q = audio.q,				qq = audio.qq, a = audio.a,				aa = audio.aa, }			table.insert(ret, string.rep("*", num_bullets) .. " " .. text) end return table.concat(ret, "\n") end

local textparts = {} local min_num_bullets = 9999 for j, parsed in ipairs(parsed_respellings) do		if parsed.bullets < min_num_bullets then min_num_bullets = parsed.bullets end if j > 1 then table.insert(textparts, "\n") end table.insert(textparts, parsed.pronun.text) if #parsed.audio > 0 then table.insert(textparts, "\n") -- If only one pronunciation set, add the audio with the same number of bullets, otherwise -- indent audio by one more bullet. table.insert(textparts, format_audio(parsed.audio, #parsed_respellings == 1 and parsed.bullets or parsed.bullets + 1)) end if not all_rhyme_sets_eq and parsed.rhyme then table.insert(textparts, "\n") table.insert(textparts, format_rhyme(parsed.rhyme, parsed.bullets + 1)) end if not all_hyph_sets_eq and #parsed.hyph > 0 then table.insert(textparts, "\n") table.insert(textparts, format_hyphenations(parsed.hyph, parsed.bullets + 1)) end if not all_hmp_sets_eq and #parsed.hmp > 0 then table.insert(textparts, "\n") table.insert(textparts, format_homophones(parsed.hmp, parsed.bullets + 1)) end end if overall_audio and #overall_audio > 0 then table.insert(textparts, "\n") table.insert(textparts, format_audio(overall_audio, min_num_bullets)) end if all_rhyme_sets_eq and first_rhyme_ret then table.insert(textparts, "\n") table.insert(textparts, format_rhyme(first_rhyme_ret, min_num_bullets)) end if overall_rhyme then table.insert(textparts, "\n") table.insert(textparts, format_rhyme(overall_rhyme, min_num_bullets)) end if all_hyph_sets_eq and #first_hyphs > 0 then table.insert(textparts, "\n") table.insert(textparts, format_hyphenations(first_hyphs, min_num_bullets)) end if overall_hyph and #overall_hyph > 0 then table.insert(textparts, "\n") table.insert(textparts, format_hyphenations(overall_hyph, min_num_bullets)) end if all_hmp_sets_eq and #first_hmps > 0 then table.insert(textparts, "\n") table.insert(textparts, format_homophones(first_hmps, min_num_bullets)) end if overall_hmp and #overall_hmp > 0 then table.insert(textparts, "\n") table.insert(textparts, format_homophones(overall_hmp, min_num_bullets)) end

return table.concat(textparts) end

return export

]=============]

title: Module:User:Benwing2/pl-szl-IPA


text:
प्रतोली

Etymology
From + an unattested, the latter which is likely related to ; see there for more.

Noun

 * 1) a broad way, principal road through a town or village
 * 2) a kind of bandage applied to the neck or to the penis

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: प्रतोली


text: flatsidorna

title: flatsidorna


text:
transvestigate

Etymology
.

Verb

 * 1)  To informally investigate into whether a celebrity, public figure, or politician is secretly transgender, generally by analyzing that person's appearance and anatomical structure.

title: transvestigate


text: flatsidas

title: flatsidas


text: flatsidans

title: flatsidans


text: transvestigates

title: transvestigates


title: User:Benwing2/pl-IPA


text: transvestigating

title: transvestigating


text:
розмаїтий

Etymology
, from, probably from unattested dialectal , from , from.

Adjective

 * 1) diverse, heterogenous, multifarious, manifold, motley, various consisting of many different elements
 * 2) different, various, dissimilar, differing not the same; exhibiting a difference
 * 3) variegated, multicolored, motley, party-coloured
 * 1) variegated, multicolored, motley, party-coloured
 * 1) variegated, multicolored, motley, party-coloured

title: розмаїтий


text: transvestigated

title: transvestigated


text:
तोलिका

Etymology
From an unattested +, the former which is likely related to ; see there for more.

Noun

 * 1) a wall around a watchtower

title: तोलिका


text:
木柵

Noun

 * 1) wooden fence

title: 木柵


text: 木栅

title: 木栅


text:
ꦲꦭꦥ꧀

Etymology
, from, from.

Verb

 * 1) to take, to put to use
 * 2) to take advantage of
 * 3) to seek possession

Noun

 * 1)  Japanese sparrowhawk.

title: ꦲꦭꦥ꧀


text: homosexualidades

title: homosexualidades


text: demisexualidades

title: demisexualidades


text: heterosexualidades

title: heterosexualidades


text: flatsidors

title: flatsidors


text: flatsidornas

title: flatsidornas


text:
трезвонить

Verb

 * 1) to ring all the bells (as in a church/belfry)
 * 2) to ring continuously or often
 * 3)  to ring an alarm bell on a ship
 * 4) to make a sound similar to church bells ringing
 * 5)  to spread the word, to gossip, to divulge information
 * 1) to make a sound similar to church bells ringing
 * 2)  to spread the word, to gossip, to divulge information

title: трезвонить


text:
šettet

Noun

 * 1) walnut; walnut tree (Juglans hindsii)

title: šettet


text:
hogian

Etymology
From, from. Cognate with 🇨🇬,, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, , , 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to think, think about, consider
 * 2) to know, understand, be wise, be prudent
 * 3) to care, take heed, be solicitous or anxious, mind, be cautious
 * 4) * late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint Basilius, Bishop"
 * "ang"

- ...Ne hoga þu embe þæt...

 * 1) to purpose, strive, intend, be intent on, resolve, busy oneself
 * 2) to decide
 * 3) * late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Saint Augustine's Soliloquies
 * "ang"

- Forðī ic hohggode þæt ic scolde nān habban, forðī ic wolde bēon þī frēora Gode tō þāwianne.

title: hogian


text:
растрезвонить

Verb

 * 1)  to spread the word, to gossip, to divulge information

title: растрезвонить


text:
coiro cabeludo

Noun

 * 1) scalp the part of the head where the hair grows from

title: coiro cabeludo


text:
वेल्ल्

Etymology
A late root, only attested in Classical texts and after, of origin.

Tedesco derives the root from, via a series of sound changes >  >  > , relating it to.

Burrow considers the root as an ll-extension of a series of Prakrit verbs of the form, relating them to and. He also considers the "to wind around, be bent" meanings of the root to be etymologically distinct, deriving the latter from.

Root

 * 1) to shake about, tremble, sway, be tossed or agitated, stagger
 * 2) to knead (a dough)

title: वेल्ल्


text:
manssiere

Noun

 * 1)  A bra designed to be worn by men.

title: manssiere


text: manssieres

title: manssieres


text:
Lowies

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1)  variant of.

Etymology
Originates in Belgium, from.

title: Lowies


text:
complicidade

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) complicity

title: complicidade


text:
трезвон

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) ringing of all the bells (as in a church/belfry)
 * 2)  continuous or frequent ringing
 * 3)  ringing of an alarm bell on a ship
 * 4)  spreading of the word, lively gossip, divulging of information
 * 5)  noise, commotion
 * 1)  spreading of the word, lively gossip, divulging of information
 * 2)  noise, commotion
 * 1)  noise, commotion

title: трезвон


title: User:Benwing2/test-pl-szl-IPA


text:
van Helsdingen

Etymology
From.

Etymology
From.

title: van Helsdingen


text: turnén

title: turnén


text: turnéer

title: turnéer


text: turnéerna

title: turnéerna


text: turnéns

title: turnéns


text: turnéers

title: turnéers


text:
ꦩꦭ

Etymology
, from.

Noun

 * 1) blemish, flaw

title: ꦩꦭ


text: turnéernas

title: turnéernas


text:
bejublad

Adjective

 * 1) highly acclaimed, much acclaimed, celebrated

title: bejublad


text: bejublat

title: bejublat


text: bejublade

title: bejublade


text:
Xitter

Etymology
, following the rebranding of to, influenced by the pronunciation of.

Proper noun

 * 1)  Twitter.

title: Xitter


text:
खेटित

Etymology 1
A reborrowing from Middle Indo-Aryan *kheṭa, *kheṭita, from

Adjective

 * 1) ploughed

Etymology 2
Unknown; not attested in any etymological dictionary. Probably ultimately of sound-symbolic origin.

Adjective

 * 1) frightened, terrified, scared

title: खेटित


text:
User:Victar/Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/jáHs

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) tongue
 * 2) language

Inflection
ȷ́ʰmás

Derived terms

 * ~ *jayā́h
 * Old
 * Old
 * Old
 * Old
 * Old
 * Old

Descendants

 * Central Iranian:
 * Northeastern Iranian:
 * Sogdo-Bactrian:
 * Southeastern Iranian:
 * Sogdo-Bactrian:
 * Southeastern Iranian:
 * Sogdo-Bactrian:
 * Southeastern Iranian:
 * Southeastern Iranian:
 * Southeastern Iranian:
 * Southeastern Iranian:
 * Southeastern Iranian:
 * Southeastern Iranian:


text:
User:Victar/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/ȷ́ʰžʰáHs

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) earth


text:
ܫܡ ܣܘܥܪܢܐ

Noun

 * 1)  verbal noun

title: ܫܡ ܣܘܥܪܢܐ


text: beteran

title: beteran


text: beterum

title: beterum


text: beterra

title: beterra


text: beterena

title: beterena


text: caldrum

title: caldrum


text: caldrena

title: caldrena


title: User:Benwing2/szl-IPA


text: deoprum

title: deoprum


text: wyrsum

title: wyrsum


text: wyrsena

title: wyrsena


text: wyrsra

title: wyrsra


text: strengrum

title: strengrum


text: strengrena

title: strengrena


text: yldra

title: yldra


text: lengrena

title: lengrena


text: yldrum

title: yldrum


text: eldrum

title: eldrum


text: eldrena

title: eldrena


text:
प्राधी

Etymology
🇰🇲.

Root

 * 1) to continue to study, advance in studies

title: प्राधी


text: eldran

title: eldran


text: lengran

title: lengran


text: inneran

title: inneran


text: uterran

title: uterran


text: uteran

title: uteran


text: wyrsan

title: wyrsan


text: wiersan

title: wiersan


text: yferran

title: yferran


text: strengran

title: strengran


text:
ܡܙܘܥܪܐ

Etymology
Passive participle of the verb.

Adjective

 * 1)  diminutive

title: ܡܙܘܥܪܐ


text: innerum

title: innerum


text: wiersum

title: wiersum


text: yferrum

title: yferrum


text: yferrena

title: yferrena


text: wiersra

title: wiersra


text: wiersena

title: wiersena


text: innerena

title: innerena


text: innerra

title: innerra


text: nearwostum

title: nearwostum


text: yfemestum

title: yfemestum


text: fyrstum

title: fyrstum


text: fyrmestum

title: fyrmestum


text: formestum

title: formestum


text: fyrestum

title: fyrestum


text: Надеждин

title: Надеждин


text:
hreppa

Etymology
, from.

Verb

 * 1) to get, to receive a prize or reward

title: hreppa


text: caracterizacións

title: caracterizacións


text: Template:ota-adj-fem

title: Template:ota-adj-fem


text: quadrilaterais

title: quadrilaterais


text: Category:Ottoman Turkish adjective feminine forms


text:
njuovčâ

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) tongue

title: njuovčâ


text:
cidadanía

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) citizenship

title: cidadanía


text: cidadanías

title: cidadanías


text: Template:ota-adj-fem/documentation

title: Template:ota-adj-fem/documentation


text: Category:Anglic languages

title: Category:Anglic languages


text: colonizacións

title: colonizacións


text: Category:Abenaki terms derived from Anglic languages


text: Category:Terms derived from Anglic languages


text: Category:Abkhaz terms derived from Anglic languages


text:
marsupial mouse

Noun

 * 1)  Any of several small carnivorous marsupials of the family, especially in the genera  and.

title: marsupial mouse


text: Category:Acehnese terms derived from Anglic languages


text: Category:Adyghe terms derived from Anglic languages


text: Category:Afar terms derived from Anglic languages


text:
ܩܡܘܙܐ

Etymology
, from, ; compare 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) rubber
 * 2) resin, gum
 * 3) gum arabic
 * 1) gum arabic

title: ܩܡܘܙܐ


text: Category:Afrikaans terms derived from Anglic languages


text:
fraxilidade

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) fragility

title: fraxilidade


text: Category:Ainu terms derived from Anglic languages


text: Category:Ajië terms derived from Anglic languages


text: Category:Akan terms derived from Anglic languages


text: Category:Akolet terms derived from Anglic languages


text: Category:Alabama terms derived from Anglic languages


text: marsupial mice

title: marsupial mice


text: Category:Albanian terms derived from Anglic languages


text:
كبیره

Etymology
.

title: كبیره


text: Category:Alemannic German terms derived from Anglic languages


text: Category:Alutiiq terms derived from Anglic languages


text: Category:American Sign Language terms derived from Anglic languages


text: Category:Amharic terms derived from Anglic languages


text: Category:Amis terms derived from Anglic languages


text: fertilizacións

title: fertilizacións


text: Category:Ankave terms derived from Anglic languages


text: Category:Antigua and Barbuda Creole English terms derived from Anglic languages


text: Category:Antillean Creole terms derived from Anglic languages


text: Category:Arabic terms derived from Anglic languages


text: Category:Aragonese terms derived from Anglic languages


text: Category:Araki terms derived from Anglic languages


text: Category:Armenian terms derived from Anglic languages


text: Category:Assamese terms derived from Anglic languages


text:
كبیر

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) great, large
 * 2) grand
 * 3) All-Great (God)
 * 4) adult, grown up
 * 5) old
 * 6) older; oldest

title: كبیر


text: Category:Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms derived from Anglic languages


text: Category:Asturian terms derived from Anglic languages


text: Category:Atayal terms derived from Anglic languages


text: Category:Atong (India) terms derived from Anglic languages


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Dravidian/mūnkūc-

Noun

 * 1) mongoose

Descendants

 * South:
 * Tamil-Kannada:
 * South-Central:
 * Konda-Kui:
 * Central:
 * South-Central:
 * Konda-Kui:
 * Central:
 * Konda-Kui:
 * Central:
 * Central:
 * Central:

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Dravidian/mūnkūc-


text: Category:Aukan terms derived from Anglic languages


text: Category:Aymara terms derived from Anglic languages


text: Category:Azerbaijani terms derived from Anglic languages


text: Category:Bakung terms derived from Anglic languages


text: Category:Baluchi terms derived from Anglic languages


text: Category:Banoni terms derived from Anglic languages


text: Category:Bashkir terms derived from Anglic languages


text: Category:Basque terms derived from Anglic languages


text: Category:Bavarian terms derived from Anglic languages


text: Category:Belarusian terms derived from Anglic languages


text: Category:Belizean Creole terms derived from Anglic languages


text: Category:Belter Creole terms derived from Anglic languages


text: Category:Bende terms derived from Anglic languages


text: Category:Bengali terms derived from Anglic languages


text: Category:Berbice Creole Dutch terms derived from Anglic languages


text: Category:Biak terms derived from Anglic languages


text: Category:Big Nambas terms derived from Anglic languages


text: Category:Bikol Central terms derived from Anglic languages


text: Category:Bislama terms derived from Anglic languages


text: Category:ff:Cutlery

title: Category:ff:Cutlery


text: Category:Bourguignon terms derived from Anglic languages


text: Category:ff:Kitchenware

title: Category:ff:Kitchenware


text: Category:Breton terms derived from Anglic languages


text: Category:Broome Pearling Lugger Pidgin terms derived from Anglic languages


text: Category:Brunei Malay terms derived from Anglic languages


text: Category:Bulgarian terms derived from Anglic languages


text: Category:Burmese terms derived from Anglic languages


text: Category:Buryat terms derived from Anglic languages


text: Category:Bwatoo terms derived from Anglic languages


text:
slafs

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  a slob (sloppy, messy person)

Noun

 * 1) activity involving something sloppy (wet and messy)
 * 2)  sloppiness (in carrying something out)
 * 3) wet, messy (unappetizing) food; slops
 * 1) wet, messy (unappetizing) food; slops

title: slafs


text: Category:Cameroon Pidgin terms derived from Anglic languages