text: båtregistret

title: båtregistret


text: båtregistren

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: båtregistren


text: båtregisters

title: båtregisters


text: båtregistrets

title: båtregistrets


text: båtregistrens

title: båtregistrens


text:
яԝаринаӈаткуцыӽыӽтыӽ

Verb

 * 1) to brake (on a sled)

title: яԝаринаӈаткуцыӽыӽтыӽ


text:
ambubeia

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) A plant: the common chicory or the endive.

title: ambubeia


text:
skeppsregister

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) register of ships

title: skeppsregister


text: skeppsregistret

title: skeppsregistret


text: skeppsregistren

title: skeppsregistren


text: skeppsregisters

title: skeppsregisters


text: skeppsregistrets

title: skeppsregistrets


text: skeppsregistrens

title: skeppsregistrens


text:
яԝатикыраӽ

Noun

 * 1) reindeer sled

title: яԝатикыраӽ


text:
födelseregister

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) register of births

title: födelseregister


text: födelseregistret

title: födelseregistret


text: födelseregistren

title: födelseregistren


text: födelseregisters

title: födelseregisters


text: födelseregistrets

title: födelseregistrets


text: födelseregistrens

title: födelseregistrens


text:
явыӷытилъыӽ

Noun

 * 1) exchange

title: явыӷытилъыӽ


text:
kalcéń

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) calcium

title: kalcéń


text: Category:csb:Alkali metals

title: Category:csb:Alkali metals


text:
Reconstruction:Latin/lupus

Noun

 * 1) wolf

title: Reconstruction:Latin/lupus


text:
явыӷытыӄыӽтыӷа

Verb

 * 1) change

title: явыӷытыӄыӽтыӷа


text:
ягумраԝа

Noun

 * 1) partridge

title: ягумраԝа


text:
яӷиӷмилӈуӽ

Adjective

 * 1) weak

title: яӷиӷмилӈуӽ


text: ndamhsaí

title: ndamhsaí


text:
яӷыя

Noun

 * 1) gull

title: яӷыя


text: Category:csb:Water plants

title: Category:csb:Water plants


text:
яйвыӽ

Noun

 * 1) lake

title: яйвыӽ


text:
яйԝаля

Noun

 * 1) orphan

title: яйԝаля


text:
яйиӈуцалъыӷыӽ

Verb

 * 1) to rotate

title: яйиӈуцалъыӷыӽ


text:
яиӈуцаӽтыӽ

Verb

 * 1) to spin

title: яиӈуцаӽтыӽ


text:
Dominikanermöwe

Etymology
From 🇰🇲, from the resemblance between their plumage and the habit of a Dominican priest.

Noun

 * 1) kelp gull

title: Dominikanermöwe


text: book-reading

title: book-reading


text:
яйпа

Noun

 * 1) hoof

title: яйпа


text:
адӟон

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) vision, sight
 * 2) ghost, spectre
 * 3) destiny, fate, doom
 * 4) misfortune, trouble, distress

authors: Илья А. Латушкин

title: адӟон


text:
яйыгытыӄыӽтыӽ

Verb

 * 1) to bury oneself

title: яйыгытыӄыӽтыӽ


text: ethnic purge

title: ethnic purge


text:
яйыгытыӄыӽтыӷа

Verb

 * 1) to dig

title: яйыгытыӄыӽтыӷа


text:
Turecesieg

Etymology
The first element appears to be the genitive of a name *Turec; the second element is

title: Turecesieg


text: Turecesiege

title: Turecesiege


text:
leve i nuet

Proverb

 * 1) live in the moment

title: leve i nuet


text:
яӄыӽ

Noun

 * 1) wing
 * 2) hand

title: яӄыӽ


text: ndoirtear

title: ndoirtear


text:
ялӷынъыӽпалъюӽ

Adjective

 * 1) nomadic

title: ялӷынъыӽпалъюӽ


text: Hreopadune

title: Hreopadune


text: Hreopedun

title: Hreopedun


text:
ялӷытивиыкысӄыӽтыӷа

Verb

 * 1) to resettle

title: ялӷытивиыкысӄыӽтыӷа


text:
ялӷытыкцыӽ

Noun

 * 1) nomad

title: ялӷытыкцыӽ


text:
янрайга

Noun

 * 1) gust of wind

title: янрайга


text: ndrugaí

title: ndrugaí


text:
япаӄаӽ

Noun

 * 1) pole, post

title: япаӄаӽ


text:
япаӽтыкцыӽ

Noun

 * 1) prize

title: япаӽтыкцыӽ


text: Dominikanermöwen

title: Dominikanermöwen


text:
яплъыӽ

Noun

 * 1) joint

title: яплъыӽ


text: aredan

title: aredan


text:
япыгыцаӽ

Noun

 * 1) lasso

title: япыгыцаӽ


text: misræddon

title: misræddon


text: misræded

title: misræded


text:
япыхтыӄыӽтыӷа

Verb

 * 1) to lasso

title: япыхтыӄыӽтыӷа


text: misrædde

title: misrædde


text: aræddon

title: aræddon


text: ræddon

title: ræddon


text: ræded

title: ræded


text: aræded

title: aræded


text: arædde

title: arædde


text:
яюнкаӽ

Noun

 * 1) pit

title: яюнкаӽ


text: misræde

title: misræde


text: misræd

title: misræd


text: aræde

title: aræde


text:
gwylan y De

Noun

 * 1) kelp gull

title: gwylan y De


text: ndrámaí

title: ndrámaí


text: misræden

title: misræden


text: misræddest

title: misræddest


text: ræddest

title: ræddest


text: aræden

title: aræden


text: aræddest

title: aræddest


text:
golden-breasted fulvetta

Noun

 * , a species of.

Translations

 * Dutch:

title: golden-breasted fulvetta


text: nduillí

title: nduillí


text:
ehvrpe

Noun

 * 1) his/her hide, shell

title: ehvrpe


text: misrædende

title: misrædende


text: misrædaþ

title: misrædaþ


text: misræt

title: misræt


text: misrætt

title: misrætt


text: rædaþ

title: rædaþ


text: arædende

title: arædende


text: arædaþ

title: arædaþ


text: aræt

title: aræt


text: arætt

title: arætt


text: berædde

title: berædde


text: beræddest

title: beræddest


text: beræddon

title: beræddon


text: beræded

title: beræded


text: beræd

title: beræd


text: berædaþ

title: berædaþ


text: beræt

title: beræt


text: berætt

title: berætt


text: beræde

title: beræde


text: beræden

title: beræden


text: berædende

title: berædende


text: forræt

title: forræt


text: forræde

title: forræde


text: forrædde

title: forrædde


text: forræddest

title: forræddest


text: forræddon

title: forræddon


text: forræded

title: forræded


text: forrædaþ

title: forrædaþ


text: forræd

title: forræd


text: ngailí

title: ngailí


text: forrædende

title: forrædende


text: forræden

title: forræden


text: forrætt

title: forrætt


text: gerædende

title: gerædende


text: oferræde

title: oferræde


text: oferrædde

title: oferrædde


text: oferræddest

title: oferræddest


text: oferræddon

title: oferræddon


text: oferræded

title: oferræded


text: oferrædaþ

title: oferrædaþ


text: oferræd

title: oferræd


text: oferræden

title: oferræden


text: oferræt

title: oferræt


text: oferrætt

title: oferrætt


text: oferrædende

title: oferrædende


text: ondrædde

title: ondrædde


text: ondræddest

title: ondræddest


text: ondræddon

title: ondræddon


text: ondrædaþ

title: ondrædaþ


text: ondrætt

title: ondrætt


text: gerætt

title: gerætt


text: geræt

title: geræt


text: gerædaþ

title: gerædaþ


text:
pull uppaa

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) To pull up (somewhere, usually with a car).

title: pull uppaa


text: gerædde

title: gerædde


text: geræddon

title: geræddon


text: geræddest

title: geræddest


text: geræded

title: geræded


text: asolcennesse

title: asolcennesse


text: asolcennys

title: asolcennys


text:
хизуватися

Etymology
Related to.

Verb

 * 1) to flaunt, to show off

title: хизуватися


text:
beleosan

Etymology
From. Equivalent to.

Verb

 * 1) to let go, lose
 * 2) to deprive of, be deprived of

title: beleosan


text: ngalraí

title: ngalraí


text: beleas

title: beleas


text: beluron

title: beluron


text:
Santander poison frog

Noun

 * , a species of only found in two departments of Colombia.

title: Santander poison frog


text: beleose

title: beleose


text: belure

title: belure


text:
Dominikus

Etymology
From, from.

Proper noun

 * , best known for the who founded the Dominican order.

title: Dominikus


text:
Reconstruction talk:Proto-Indo-European/dʰlegʰ-

Proto-Celtic *dligeti
@Victar, leveling of *dʰlégʰ-ti ~ *dʰl̥gʰ-énti to is pretty much expected. Compare for example and. See KPV p. 37 and Stair na Gaeilge p. 136 for details. —Caoimhin ceallach (talk) 19:24, 12 July 2024 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the sources. PIE is also a viable, but certainly athematic root presents are more common. --  19:46, 12 July 2024 (UTC)


text:
cost-prohibitive

Adjective

 * 1)  Overly expensive; unaffordable.

title: cost-prohibitive


text: bariaþ

title: bariaþ


text: standaþ

title: standaþ


text:
Talk:tergant

RFV discussion: July 2023–July 2024
(Heraldry.) I can only find this in the form tergiant, notwithstanding that the ultimate etymon tergum has no i. - -sche (discuss) 21:10, 9 July 2023 (UTC)
 * I've added two uses in a non-heraldic context to Citations:tergant. Einstein2 (talk) 21:27, 9 July 2023 (UTC)
 * Fascinating. Can anyone find a third cite? (Pimbley's dictionary has "Tergant―(ter'-gant) Showing the back part; as, an eagle tergant displayed." but this is not really a use, it's a made-up example.) - -sche (discuss) 01:31, 4 August 2023 (UTC)

 * I found this, but the sense doesn't work: it seems like an error for terse(?):

 * 1965, United States House Committee on Education and Labor, Ad Hoc Subcommittee on the War on Poverty Program, Examination of the War on Poverty Program: Hearings..., page 585:
 * DR GIOSCIA. [...] I might, since they are short, if I may[,] read the sentences I originally wrote because they are rather simple and I hope tergant.
 * And here, someone attests to the use of the word, but does not themself use it, merely mentioning it:

 * 1949, The New Mexico Quarterly Review, volume 19, page 494:
 * The first period is stylistically the worst, full of adolescent "poetic" writing, cheap ironic effects, high-flown words like "rescission," "tergant," and "macillant," and plain grammatical error.
 * There's also a Thomas Browne quote about "a thicker tergant" which also seems like a different sense (and POS), and there are scannos of "servant" in handwritten, embroidered, and carved texts Google has digitized, but I simply cannot find a third use in books. There are some uses online,  , but ... - -sche (discuss) 07:35, 8 January 2024 (UTC)

 * Well, after nearly a year, failed for now, unless anyone wants to accept the uses in online heraldry. It has only two uses in books; I checked Google Books and Internet Archive again and couldn't find any more. Hopefully a third book gets digitized (or written) at some point. - -sche (discuss) 03:32, 3 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:tergant


text:
Talk:pooptard

RFV discussion: May 2023
Two senses. Zero GBooks hits. Equinox ◑ 20:48, 11 May 2023 (UTC)
 * It's certainly citable from Twitter and Usenet, but I don't think it has a stable meaning. Pretty much every use on both Twitter and Usenet relies on context.  We could perhaps keep this page if we reduced its meaning to a general term of abuse.  — Soap — 10:54, 12 May 2023 (UTC)

 * RFV passed

title: Talk:pooptard


text:
Talk:monk

RFV discussion: August 2023–June 2024
Rfv-sense: A piece of tinder made of agaric, used in firing the powder hose or train of a mine.. May be redundant to another sense A fuse for firing mines JezperCrtp (talk) 16:25, 22 August 2023 (UTC)

 * RFV Failed + sense removed. Denazz (talk) 13:50, 23 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:monk


text:
Talk:by-turning

RFV discussion: October 2023–June 2024
Difficult to search for. OED only has our quote P. Sovjunk (talk) 16:20, 29 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Cited. Einstein2 (talk) 19:53, 29 October 2023 (UTC)

 * Passed Denazz (talk) 10:16, 21 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:by-turning


text:
Talk:shallow benay

RFV discussion: November 2023–June 2024
Not much out there. Equinox ◑ 20:05, 19 November 2023 (UTC)

 * Indeed. RFV failed Newfiles (talk) 12:38, 17 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:shallow benay


text:
Talk:wern

RFV discussion: December 2023–July 2024
sense: To refuse Denazz (talk) 11:31, 20 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Should be moved to Middle English. Leasnam (talk) 04:21, 21 December 2023 (UTC)

 * done Denazz (talk) 22:00, 1 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:wern


text:
Talk:verules

virolles
I can find only one English cite of virolles (Citations:virolle), and many French cites (Citations:virolles, presumably an alt form of viroles#French). I think I can just barely cite either virole or viroles (which one depends on whether we view "the singular, used for a singe ring, and the plural, used for plural rings" as different words), but I don't think enough cites exist for the other spellings. PS it's not clear how a bearing of verules as described, "concentric rings" / "a name given by French heraldry to annulets, or great rings, when borne in arms, one within another, with the same centre", would be visually distinguishable from a gurges. - -sche (discuss) 17:18, 9 July 2023 (UTC)

 * Looking again, I managed to find one book that uses verules (and the singular, verule) : Citations:verule. But I can't find two more. verolles I can only find as (old) French, like virolles. I have converted verolles and virolles to French. - -sche (discuss) 04:57, 3 January 2024 (UTC)

 * I still can't find anything for verules, even online. RFV-failed. - -sche (discuss) 13:49, 3 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:verules


text:
Talk:4096th note

RFV discussion: November 2023–July 2024
Is it in use ? ——Chalk19 (talk) 08:58, 16 November 2023 (UTC)

 * RFV failed Denazz (talk) 21:03, 18 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Deleted--Jusjih (talk) 02:24, 3 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:4096th note


text:
Talk:Liberlandish

RFV discussion: February–July 2024
Rfv-sense "A pidgin language used in Liberland or by Liberlanders consisting of varying degrees of English and Slavic (usually Czech, Polish, Russian or Serbo-Croatian) vocabulary, depending upon the speaker." — S URJECTION / T / C / L / 20:10, 3 February 2024 (UTC)

 * failed/deleted Denazz (talk) 22:15, 1 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Liberlandish


text:
Talk:wokeness

RFV discussion: August 2023–June 2024
Rfv-sense: "The quality or state of holding left-wing views or attitudes, in a way that is deemed overzealous, performative, or insincere", added two days ago as a separate sense from "The quality or state of holding left-wing views or attitudes" (itself a derivative of "The quality or state of being woke, aware of social justice issues"). I am not sure if this is distinguishable as a separate sense, as opposed to being something to handle in a usage note about connotations like at woke...? - -sche (discuss) 09:29, 5 August 2023 (UTC)
 * I don't think aware is a sufficient characterization in the main definition? I think behavioral change is a necessary part of wokeness, at least talking the talk. The association with other political labels doesn't seem inherent to me, so usage notes and/or labels seem like a better place for such discussion. Also, is wokeness now usually used with positive valence? The woke page seems better, a good model for wokeness, though "the state of being woke" might be a better way of handling it, woke (adj.) being much more common, I think. DCDuring (talk) 17:16, 5 August 2023 (UTC)
 * About a third of the terms at woke, those with standard/universal affixes, also seem as if they might also be better defined by their connection with woke. DCDuring (talk) 17:16, 5 August 2023 (UTC)
 * To be clear, I wasn't proposing to merge all three into "aware", only to merge "left-wing" and "left-wing in a way deemed performative". - -sche (discuss) 17:25, 24 June 2024 (UTC)

wokeism
The sense and RFV-sense tag was moved from wokeness to wokeism by Fgnievinski in diff. Same question as before about whether the given, very specific, sense is attested separately from the preceding sense and from defining it as sense 2 of wokeness. - -sche (discuss) 22:52, 26 November 2023 (UTC)

 * RFV-resolved by the fact that the user who added the redundant sense removed it from wokeness, and I folded the two senses together on wokeism? Are any other revisions needed to these two entries? - -sche (discuss) 17:25, 24 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:wokeness


text:
Talk:nuzi

RFV discussion: December 2023–June 2024
— S URJECTION / T / C / L / 09:53, 2 December 2023 (UTC)

 * RFV failed + deleted English. Denazz (talk) 13:05, 2 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:nuzi


text:
Talk:girdlestead

RFV discussion: November 2023–July 2024
Rfv-sense The lap.

Deleted/failedDenazz (talk) 22:08, 1 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:girdlestead


text:
Talk:moted

RFV discussion: June–July 2024
dubious. Lots of tyops, scannos and line-breakos Zebres rouges (talk) 08:52, 30 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Cited. Quite easy to find hits with searches like "moted + dust", "moted + sunlight" etc Smurrayinchester (talk) 11:51, 1 July 2024 (UTC)

 * Sweet Denazz (talk) 21:57, 1 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:moted


text:
Talk:baby massage

RFV discussion: June 2024
In fact, the results I can find suggest this means the practice of parents or caregivers ... giving a baby a massage of sorts. I'm not sure what "type of complementary and alternative treatment" here and at infant massage is intended to convey, but it's possible both entries could be reworded to more prosaically note that they refer to massaging babies. "A massage given by a baby" is a plausible silly extension, describing a baby walking over you or whatever. "A massage given by means of a baby", as if your adult masseuse presses a baby into you, who knows. - -sche (discuss) 22:47, 16 June 2024 (UTC)
 * 1) "A type of complementary and alternative treatment that uses massage therapy for human infants."
 * 2) "A massage given by a baby"
 * 3) "A massage given by means of a baby"
 * The last two senses were old WF trolling. Removed. This, that and the other (talk) 23:20, 16 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Aha. In that case, I'll just reword infant massage, define baby massage as infant massage, and (hopefully) be done with it. - -sche (discuss) 00:06, 17 June 2024 (UTC)

 * Hehe, I was wondering when that Easter egg would be found. It was WF's monthly dose of nonsense. Most Wonderfolly is reverted much earlier, you guys were pretty slack.... Denazz (talk) 00:20, 17 June 2024 (UTC)

 * (It's silly, but it does remind me that baby yoga - referring both to stretch exercises for babies, but also a form of yoga for new parents using their babies as weights - does actually exist and should have an entry) Smurrayinchester (talk) 10:04, 18 June 2024 (UTC)

 * Dubious, Smuzzzy Denazz (talk) 16:36, 18 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:baby massage


text:
Talk:tailing

RFV discussion: October 2023–June 2024
Rfv-sense: obsolete: sexual intercourse there's a Chaucer quote request, which probably means in appeared in Webster 1913, where no modern quote was available P. Sovjunk (talk) 19:05, 8 October 2023 (UTC)

 * OED gives "to copulate with" as a sense of the verb, with modern citations. Our entry for that verb seems highly deficient. The noun isn't given in OED but it seems plausible enough if it can be found. This, that and the other (talk) 00:11, 9 October 2023 (UTC)

 * Failed Denazz (talk) 10:13, 21 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:tailing


text:
Talk:break the back of

RFV discussion: June 2023–July 2024
Rfv-sense: "To overburden (a person)"

We have break someone's back. I don't think I have ever heard anything like "it broke the back of John.", whereas "It broke John's back" seems natural. DCDuring (talk) 23:50, 28 June 2023 (UTC)

cited Kiwima (talk) 15:47, 31 January 2024 (UTC)

 * We now have sense 2,  and  which all look to be talking about the same thing. Is there any opportunity for merging these somehow? This, that and the other (talk) 02:53, 5 June 2024 (UTC)
 * We can make two of them alt forms of the third. Offhand, I would nominate this one ("break the back of") as the main lemma, because it is the most general. The other two are really the same meaning, but applied to a person or oneself. I have therefore updated and . Kiwima (talk) 01:27, 15 June 2024 (UTC)

RFV-passed Kiwima (talk) 18:22, 2 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:break the back of


text:
Talk:-all

RFV discussion: June 2023–June 2024
"Relating to the whole of something. catch-all, end-all". Not a suffix. Equinox ◑ 02:04, 3 June 2023 (UTC)
 * If it isnt a suffix then what would it be? It creates nouns from verbs.  And although all can be a noun, it isnt a noun in the sense that's used here, since the all in "catch-all", "cure-all", and so on is the object of the verb, not the agent.  If this were a simple compound, then "all" would be the head, so "catch-all" would need to mean "an all that catches", and so on, which is not what it means. I oppose deletion on grammatical grounds, but this seems like an RFD question more so than RFV, because as above, how would we turn up three cites for -all in isolation? Best regards, — Soap — 05:48, 3 June 2023 (UTC)
 * Just wanted to point out – that "[i]f this were a simple compound, then 'all' would be the head, so 'catch-all' would need to mean 'an all that catches'" isn't particularly true, in terms of V+(Pro)N compounding in English. There is an inherent error to this argument, viz. a compound is a lexicalised object and cannot be analysed phrasally. But more importantly, please consider the following six :
 * , not "a pocket that picks," but "one who picks pockets";
 * , not "a devil that dares," but "one who dares the devil";
 * , not "a sport that spoils", but "one who spoils the sport (=entertainment)";
 * , not "a joy that kills", but "one who kills the joy";
 * , not "a fast that breaks," but "one that breaks the fast";
 * , not "a time that passes," but "that which is done to pass the time";
 * and the following :
 * , "a piece of verse" < "an instance of singing a song" = "song singing";
 * and the following :
 * , "an utterance of 'go ahead!'"
 * If V+N compound could only be parsed as "N that V", then none of the above would be valid compounds, and -pocket, -devil, etc., by your reasoning, would have to be considered as suffixes. (Along the same line, V+ProN compounds like, , also exist and conform to , as well as , which conforms to . If -all should be analysed as a suffix it would only seem fair for -nothing, -little, and -so to also follow suit.) This is obviously infeasible. Catch-all, know-it-all, etc., in fact follows the exact same wordformation pattern as those in ; I don't particularly see why they shouldn't be analysed as compounds as well.
 * Cheers, 蒼鳥 fawk. tell me if i did anything wrong. 12:53, 3 June 2023 (UTC)
 * Yes Im familiar with endocentric compounds. I see a few differences between those words and the words using -all and -it-all.  I'll just treat Group A together:
 * These compounds always omit a linking word. In all cases but the first, the patient is indefinite, so the missing word is the.  Nobody says *break-the-fast.
 * These compounds always have the second element as a noun, whereas -it-all and -all end with what I would prefer to call a determiner, although I guess there is some debate about that. However this point may be irrelevant so I wont stress it.
 * Most importantly, though, in these compounds, both morphemes are fixed.  is a word familiar to anyone, but outside of ad-hoc coinages, nobody says *makefast or *breakmeal. By contrast, -it-all and -all can attach to multiple words. Only one morpheme is free.  I admit that this helps me understand why it is important, as stated above, that -it-all cannot pass CFI just based on know-it-all. Maybe this paragraph is the only really important thing in my reply, but I want to make  clear  why I'm being so insistent.
 * As for the others .... Group B just looks like another instance of the Group A pattern to me. I guess it's not endocentric, but it is head-first, which is the most relevant characteristic of English endocentrics as it is the one that's shared by constructions such as know-it-all. As for Group C, I'd say it's just a lexicalized quote; it's not a compound at all, any more than thank-you is.
 * That's all I have to say for now. Thanks for reading, — Soap — 13:20, 3 June 2023 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the reply :^) On point 2: I'd say all and it all are both pronominal in this case.
 * You raise a point in point 3; how do you feel about the nothing in, , , , and , though? Going by your argument, -nothing should also be considered a suffix. 蒼鳥 fawk. tell me if i did anything wrong. 13:48, 3 June 2023 (UTC)
 * I would say -nothing qualifies as a suffix, yes, although your last word is another lexicalized quote, and doesnt form a set with the rest.  Perhaps being two syllables long explains the scarcity of examples. If naught weren't archaic, perhaps we'd have more words like dreadnought.
 * Regarding the pronouns ... if all and it-all are pronouns, it seems hard to argue that expressions ending in them could be nominal compounds, even endocentric ones. But I get the impression there are more than two sides here, and we have as many opinions as we have people in this thread. — Soap — 18:39, 3 June 2023 (UTC)
 * yes, good-for-nothing doesn't fall in with other verb-headed -nothings, that was on me; but I don't get why you'd classify it as a "lexicalised quote." (Also – circling back a little – I don't know if compounding necessarily excludes lexicalised quotes, but maybe we are operating under different theoretical frameworks.)
 * I also fail to see why "if all and it-all are pronouns, it seems hard to argue that expressions ending in them could be nominal compounds". All, it-all being pronouns doesn't say anything against catch-all, know-it-all being exocentric compounds, per Bloomfield's definition of endo- and exo-centric compounding.
 * I'm sorry that I'm probably dragging this discussion unwelcomedly long; I didn't have time to properly respond to your previous reply, and I keep being distracted by the smaller points we're making. Mostly I'm just really confused as to why you would insist that know-it-all, catch-all and do-nothing are constructions, when they are semantically and syntactically motivated in the exact same way as daredevil and pickpocket. (the point 1 you made in your previous reply was a non-argument, as English pronouns like all or nothing cannot take determiners in the first place.) 蒼鳥 fawk. tell me if i did anything wrong. 22:09, 3 June 2023 (UTC)
 * Thanks, this is a very interesting discussion. If you feel the discussion is too long I'd be happy to continue it somewhere else, perhaps at a slower pace. I'd like to leave this thread be for at least the next few days, as I'll be somewhat more busy.  Thanks for talking, — Soap — 07:52, 4 June 2023 (UTC)
 * As per the discussion above, I understand that three words using this as a suffix are enough to get it through CFI. We could use catch-all, cure-all, and overall. The last has no hyphen, but as it is a noun, and does not mean "an all that is over", it can only be using the same -all suffix as the other two words.  More examples can be found ... there is an expression the end-all be-all, though I don't know how often those words are untethered.  Collins lists cover-all, with or without hyphen, to describe a similar garment to overalls.
 * As for the original question of why this is a suffix, I think I've amply addressed that above. — Soap — 12:37, 3 June 2023 (UTC)
 * We actually have coverall. We just didnt list the hyphenated spelling. So we have four words using this suffix as a suffix now, and I think this should be considered cited and I'm going to leave it be, as there's nothing more I should need to do. Thanks, — Soap — 07:55, 4 June 2023 (UTC)
 * I absolutely disagree that this is cited. Nothing of what you said above demonstrates that this is a suffix. PUC – 13:40, 13 July 2023 (UTC)
 * This is just part of a pattern of fossiling sentences with a non-finite form of the verb: pissabed and lie-abed aren't evidence for an "-abed" suffix. Chuck Entz (talk) 14:43, 13 July 2023 (UTC)
 * Content disputes are a sign of a healthy community. In some online communities, people form into cliques and anyone can predict the winner of a policy discussion from the get-go because the same people always win.  I'm glad we're not like that here.  However, I still think these RFV's are in the wrong place, as they were simply RFD's by another name, and as such, I realized it would make no difference if I were able to  come up with 300 cites instead of just 3, since the same people could continue to say that they aren't being used as suffixes.  If we count this as the RFD that I believe it is, I'm outnumbered 4 to 1, and I expect both this page and -it-all to be deleted.  I think that's wrong, and still feel that with a proper RFD it may have attracted more attention, but there are more important things to focus on right now so I am going to move on.  Best regards, — Soap — 17:28, 13 July 2023 (UTC)

 * failed. Denazz (talk) 19:13, 9 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:-all


text:
Talk:Bah! Humbug!

RFV discussion: May–July 2024
— Fenakhay ( حيطي · مساهماتي ) 16:07, 27 May 2024 (UTC)

 * This is likely to easily pass RFV Purplebackpack89 16:30, 27 May 2024 (UTC)

 * "Bah!" said Scrooge, "Humbug!" is a quote from the original Dickens work punctuated in that matter

Purplebackpack89 16:32, 27 May 2024 (UTC)
 * a Google books search also yielded several results for Bah! Humbug! in the title or text

 * It's bullshit. Speedy it. Like saying Kiss! My! Ass! Denazz (talk) 22:37, 27 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Please don't make comments such as those, it's inappropriate
 * I object to you speedily deleting this page in the middle of a discussion Purplebackpack89 23:42, 27 May 2024 (UTC)
 * This looks like an RFD matter, not RFV? — Mnemosientje (t · c) 09:46, 28 May 2024 (UTC)

We've a little bit of a problem here. This was speedied, without explanation and erroneously. The editor who speedied it then left the project. What happens now? And how do we get it undeleted? Purplebackpack89 03:15, 29 May 2024 (UTC)

 * Yes, I'll restore it. Equinox's contributions to the dictionary are (were?) essentially unparalleled when you put quality and quantity together - the guy was just on another level - but he got frustrated with people pretty easily. This deletion was a fairly typical bad-tempered-Equinox action.
 * However, @Purplebackpack89, please provide three good cites punctuated Exactly! Like! This! The entry has been sent to RFV and I think that is an appropriate venue. There is no value in RFDing if actual usage of the term can't be established. This, that and the other (talk) 11:07, 29 May 2024 (UTC)
 * One down, two to go. As I said above, I think finding the other two can happen fairly easily Purplebackpack89 14:45, 29 May 2024 (UTC)

RFV closed, as the entry failed WT:RFDE. — Mnemosientje (t · c) 14:46, 3 July 2024 (UTC)
 * Speediable bullshit. RFV is irrelevant. Denazz (talk) 21:45, 29 May 2024 (UTC)
 * "bullshit" and "Kiss! My! Ass!" aren't valid reasons for deletion, . The deletion has been contested and the RfV reopened.  Please do not speedy-delete tag it again.  Purplebackpack89 01:32, 30 May 2024 (UTC)
 * On balance, I favour deleting this entry. I think it may not be worth keeping it since it's just an (old-fashioned) typographical variant of . In general I'm not in favour of having entries for every possible variant if they differ only in punctuation or typography, and not in spelling (e.g., bah humbug!, bah, humbug, bah, humbug!, bah—humbug). Reasonable numbers of variant forms can just be added as quotations to the lemma, and if necessary a usage note can be added to provide some explanation. — Sgconlaw (talk) 21:54, 29 May 2024 (UTC)
 * This is is RfV, not RfD, . And can you point to where in CFI it forbids variants?  CFI tends to allow them. Purplebackpack89 01:32, 30 May 2024 (UTC)
 * I know this is RFV but I’m of the view that deletion is in order regardless of whether it is verifiable or not. We could move the discussion to RFD but we might as well deal with it here. As far as I can see, WT:CFI doesn’t directly address the point at the moment. — Sgconlaw (talk) 04:48, 30 May 2024 (UTC)

RFD discussion: May–July 2024
Fine, I'll send this bullshit here. Lol, the antagonists of the RFV (Purple,Equinox and Wonderfool) are the three least diplomatic users on the site, no wonder it is messy...anyway, I hope to see this entry out of my dictionary before the end of June... Denazz (talk) 07:01, 30 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Strong keep, block nominator Nominator has provided no rationale for deletion and nomination is a personal attack. From a RfD standpoint, if bah humbug is considered to pass CFI, than its alternate forms are too. Purplebackpack89 12:08, 30 May 2024 (UTC)
 * It should be noted that WF also takes the piss out of himself. I don't see any reason for deletion. DonnanZ (talk) 14:17, 30 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Keep. No reason for deletion. —Caoimhin ceallach (talk) 14:27, 30 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Keep, per above. --Overlordnat1 (talk) 17:07, 30 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Delete. Repeating the view I expressed at RFV, I think it may not be worth keeping it since it's just an (old-fashioned) typographical variant of . In general I'm not in favour of having entries for every possible variant if they differ only in punctuation or typography, and not in spelling (e.g., bah humbug!, bah, humbug, bah, humbug!, bah—humbug). Reasonable numbers of variant forms can just be added as quotations to the lemma, and if necessary a usage note can be added to provide some explanation. — Sgconlaw (talk) 18:37, 30 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Delete. — Fenakhay ( حيطي · مساهماتي ) 18:41, 30 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Delete similar case as "DONT TREAD ON ME". We (usually) don't include typographic variants (ſ/s, v/u, etc.). Jberkel 18:51, 30 May 2024 (UTC)
 * There is consensus to include words featuring obsolete typographical letters. It’s just that we haven’t created enough such entries. Inqilābī 04:57, 31 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Strong keep as an alternative case form of entry, if amply attested. On a different note, I am also of opinion that common nouns in older English texts that were spelt with an initial uppercase should have their entries. Inqilābī 04:57, 31 May 2024 (UTC)
 * NO-O-O-O-O ... Please!! Mihia (talk) 17:56, 1 June 2024 (UTC)
 * It may not be obvious to a non-native speaker, but you can't tell what the case is for either word. In English, just about any word will be changed to uppercase when it's the first word in a[n orthographic] sentence: "What would you like to eat?" "Applesauce." "Applesauce?" "Yes, applesauce." If memory serves, the phrase started out as the juxtaposition of two interjections: bah and humbug, which would make this SOP. As "humbug", especially, has become obsolete, this has become a phrase with an idiomatic meaning. Chuck Entz (talk) 18:31, 1 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Since we include German nouns with an initial uppercase even tho we could have done them entirely in lowercase by analogy with Latin words which are included as lowercase despite the fact the Romans used only majescule letters and also by analogy with noun entries of most languages— it could be argued, albeit weakly, that the above-mentioned English words are entry-worthy. Inqilābī 05:59, 4 June 2024 (UTC)
 * My view is a bit more nuanced: I think the entry should survive if this precise capitalisation and punctuation was a widespread form that was especially worth documenting. As it is, though, there is no evidence that this is true, so I say delete. (Note this is not an RFV argument; I would still advance it if (say) the term passed RFV but it was particularly difficult to find good uses, suggesting this orthographic/typographic variant is rare.) This, that and the other (talk) 11:34, 31 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Delete. One can find plenty of examples of phrases being broken up like this. I don't see what makes special, aside from its pop-cultural significance. Binarystep (talk) 06:37, 1 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Delete per Jberkel. PUC – 12:01, 1 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Comment: You could have one rule for, , and , and another rule for the likes of this? DonnanZ (talk) 13:59, 1 June 2024 (UTC)
 * They are toponyms / proper nouns so if you don’t distinguish between the slightly different orthography then one name can be mistook for another, which can cause serious inconveniencies. It’s beyond lexicography. Inqilābī 14:35, 1 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Yeah, OK. They can still be a minefield. I can find St Mary's in a Sydney suburban railway timetable from 1970 (with St. Mary's in the index), and St Marys for the same place in Wikipedia. DonnanZ (talk) 15:10, 1 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Keep Word0151 (talk) 16:23, 1 June 2024 (UTC)

 * I added I! Love! You!, even more common a phrase. Denazz (talk) 13:01, 1 June 2024 (UTC)
 * OK, that was a silly idea (as silly as Bah! Humbug!, TBF). Denazz (talk) 13:07, 1 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Why are you wasting everyone’s time by trolling? Inqilābī 14:57, 1 June 2024 (UTC)

 * I can't see that we need multiple entries for this kind of different punctuation/capitalisation style, where there is no material difference in meaning. Where would it end? As far as I can tell, our convention is not to capitalise (other than proper nouns) or add exclamation marks to the lemma forms of exclamations, but to list them in lower case and without the punctuation that might typically accompany them. Therefore, on that basis, this one seems to be rightly listed at bah humbug. The original form, which is not exactly Bah! Humbug! anyway, can be explained at bah humbug, and indeed already is. Delete. Mihia (talk) 17:53, 1 June 2024 (UTC)
 * I'm tired of "where will it end?" (basically a slippery slope) as an argument for deletion. Purplebackpack89 13:24, 2 June 2024 (UTC)
 * In addition to the two we presently have, just in a few minutes I can find Bah Humbug, Bah Humbug!, Bah, Humbug!, Bah! Humbug, Bah ! Humbug !, BAH HUMBUG, Bah humbug, Bah, humbug and Bah-Humbug. Would you allow entries for all of these? If not, how would you decide which to allow and which to disallow? Mihia (talk) 17:35, 2 June 2024 (UTC)

 * Weak delete per TTO and Sgconlaw. OTOH, when words use different letters, like in the case of u/v mentioned above, I do support having entries, because...as Widsith put it when someone said u/v was just "different encoding": "you don't think it's a problem that the 'encoding' happens to be in the form of a different existing letter of the alphabet?" (How could we expect a language learner to know that the unfamiliar-to-them word vs is to be looked up under vs if it means versus [you don't know what it means, that's why you're looking it up], but to be looked up under us when it means us?) But universal (translingual, situation-independent) rules like "when looking up a word, try looking up only the word, not the word+punctuation" (because punctuation is only rarely part of the word) are reasonable, so I don't see as much value to this, or freeze!, Freeze!, Hands up!, etc. - -sche (discuss) 17:02, 2 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Delete as a trivial typographic variant of bah humbug. Benwing2 (talk) 00:09, 3 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Delete. — Mnemosientje (t · c) 19:58, 4 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Delete, unconvincing – more like a whole sentence rather than reflecting necessary lexematic abstraction? Fay Freak (talk) 09:58, 7 June 2024 (UTC)

Deleted, with 12 delete votes against 5 keep votes. I'll close the RFV too. — Mnemosientje (t · c) 14:46, 3 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bah! Humbug!


text:
Talk:shory

RFV discussion: March–April 2024
Dubious Lfellet (talk) 20:55, 10 March 2024 (UTC)

 * Cited this dusty old word. This, that and the other (talk) 10:57, 2 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:shory


text:
Talk:inlapidate

RFV discussion: April–June 2024
I'm only seeing Bacon. Any alternative (vegetarian???) options? P. Sovjunk (talk) 08:31, 14 April 2024 (UTC)
 * Originally maybe only, then borrowed into educated speech from glossaries a century and half later, or reinvented in the 1770s. Given the repetitive phrasing “whose hearts are inlapidated by cruelty” in the two quotes I provided from women’s literature, we may presume that it was fashionable in literati circles. OED has not known about it, nor has EEBO other quotes, so the guess is that it was dead language in Bacon’s time. Fay Freak (talk) 15:20, 14 April 2024 (UTC)
 * The formation is curious; why is it not ? This, that and the other (talk) 00:45, 17 April 2024 (UTC)
 * Was in- → il- productive in English in the sense of "in" rather than "not"? (According to Talk:il-, "not" was marginally productive.) If not, could it have been formed in English rather than Latin? The hits I could find for Latin illapido, illapidatus were scannos, although my search was not exhaustive. I can find one occurrence of illapidation in a relevant sense, and one of illapidate in some gibberish. - -sche (discuss) 17:01, 25 April 2024 (UTC)
 * The way I create foreignisms, I employ elements perhaps productive only one in or more foreign languages, and their grammar rules, in a private sandbox, then let the new words out in the target language, applying its rules. Reoccurring affixes may have never been productive this way because I had foreign-language education. Understanding Latin was oftener them times there, where wifey was well-appointed and laundresses wielded the batlet, so one was uppity enough to pay so little attention to the household that the names of its items become hapaxes and instead from retained writings we but cite words that nobody ever used with a straight face. You push a false dichotomy. It could have been formed in Latin without having been used in Latin. Fay Freak (talk) 17:36, 25 April 2024 (UTC)
 * My point is that being formed in English would explain why it's inl- rather than ill-, as TTO asked: in+l-→ill- was productive only in Latin, so someone adding in to l- in english would just come up with inl-, like they did here. - -sche (discuss) 16:52, 24 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:inlapidate


text:
Talk:wokeism

RFV discussion: August 2023–June 2024

 * See Talk:wokeness.

title: Talk:wokeism


text:
Talk:verolles

RFV discussion: July 2023–June 2024

 * See Talk:verules.

title: Talk:verolles


text:
Talk:virolles

RFV discussion: July 2023–June 2024

 * See Talk:verules.

title: Talk:virolles


text: malay ko

title: malay ko


text: ætstod

title: ætstod


text: ætstodon

title: ætstodon


text: ætstode

title: ætstode


text: ætstandende

title: ætstandende


text: ætstanden

title: ætstanden


text: ætstande

title: ætstande


text: ætstent

title: ætstent


text: ætstandaþ

title: ætstandaþ


text: wiþstandende

title: wiþstandende


text: wiþstanden

title: wiþstanden


text: wiþstode

title: wiþstode


text: wiþstande

title: wiþstande


text: wiþstent

title: wiþstent


text: wiþstandaþ

title: wiþstandaþ


text: wiþstodon

title: wiþstodon


text: wiþstod

title: wiþstod


text: ymbstandende

title: ymbstandende


text: understandende

title: understandende


text: understandaþ

title: understandaþ


text: understent

title: understent


text: understode

title: understode


text: oþstande

title: oþstande


text: oþstent

title: oþstent


text: oþstandaþ

title: oþstandaþ


text: oþstodon

title: oþstodon


text: oþstod

title: oþstod


text: oþstode

title: oþstode


text: oþstanden

title: oþstanden


text: oþstandende

title: oþstandende


text: ofstode

title: ofstode


text: bestode

title: bestode


text:
book-reader

Noun

 * 1) A person who reads books, especially for pleasure.
 * 2) An electronic, hand-held device from which books or other printed matter can be read; an e-reader.
 * 3)  A reader of the Bible, implying an avoidance of religious involvement.

title: book-reader


text: forestandende

title: forestandende


text: forestode

title: forestode


text: forestodon

title: forestodon


text: forestent

title: forestent


text: forestandaþ

title: forestandaþ


text: forestande

title: forestande


text: forestanden

title: forestanden


text: forstode

title: forstode


text: book-readers

title: book-readers


text:
oversentence

Verb

 * 1)  To issue a sentence that is harsher than necessary.

title: oversentence


text: oversentences

title: oversentences


text:
Talk:well-gowned

RFD discussion: September 2023–June 2024
Sum of parts ("wearing a fine gown"). Equinox ◑ 19:06, 30 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Delete as SoP. — Sgconlaw (talk) 19:23, 30 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Delete: "all words in all languages". PUC – 19:49, 30 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Comment: Is it any different from ?  ·~   dictátor · mundꟾ  12:38, 1 October 2023 (UTC)
 * It's definitely in the same vein. DonnanZ (talk) 14:35, 1 October 2023 (UTC)

 * I'm leaning towards keep. Most of its usage relates to a period that finished around a century ago. A well-gowned woman was usually well-to-do, and could afford fine gowns. DonnanZ (talk) 09:43, 3 October 2023 (UTC)

 * But the definition says nothing about being well-to-do, it just says "wearing a fine gown". You're considering a definition in your own head that isn't in our entry at all. That's not how to handle an RFV. Equinox ◑ 14:37, 11 October 2023 (UTC)
 * That's my assessment after reading available material. I did see two quotes available on Google Books. DonnanZ (talk) 08:19, 12 October 2023 (UTC)

 * Meh. Kept P. Sovjunk (talk) 13:40, 17 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Huh, what? PUC – 20:45, 10 February 2024 (UTC)

 * Failed was what was meant. Lfellet (talk) 00:36, 11 February 2024 (UTC)

 * OK, failed didn't work. Kept for no consensus Denazz (talk) 22:08, 5 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:well-gowned


text:
Talk:stray dog

RFD discussion: September 2023–June 2024
You're not gonna like this RFD nomination, and will probably crush it, but here goes: SOP crap P. Sovjunk (talk) 21:59, 29 September 2023 (UTC)
 * SOP, compare, but I'm a bit hesitant here. Abstain for now. PUC – 09:31, 30 September 2023 (UTC)
 * I am never going to like gonna. DonnanZ (talk) 12:01, 30 September 2023 (UTC)
 * What are you tryna say? PUC – 12:34, 30 September 2023 (UTC)
 * We do have one non-SOP translation so far (the Romanian; the German just means "stray") which makes me wonder if there would be more for a potential THUB here. This, that and the other (talk) 07:48, 16 October 2023 (UTC)
 * What about 🇨🇬 of ? Not super convincing examples as they can be fairly literally translated, but...
 * In any case, I'll say keep after all, as I think it's a useful entry. PUC – 10:03, 16 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Yes, I'd say that would count. "Street dog" is not a literal word-for-word translation of "stray dog" per WT:THUB. So keep as THUB. This, that and the other (talk) 21:58, 8 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Delete Ƿidsiþ 08:05, 23 October 2023 (UTC)

 * Keep as WT:THUB per above. -- King of ♥ ♦ ♣ ♠ 18:08, 10 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Keep per Hearts Purplebackpack89 06:49, 23 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Keep - this feels like a strong set phrase / compound. Inqilābī 23:02, 5 June 2024 (UTC)

 * RFD-kept Denazz (talk) 10:10, 21 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:stray dog


text:
Talk:preparation time

RFD discussion: May–June 2024
Sum of parts. "1. (cooking) The amount of time required to gather all necessary ingredients and utensils." i.e. time to prepare. "2. (education) The time during which a teacher or member of faculty is not required to be in contact with a student for the purpose of instruction or supervision." This is misleading because it does not include things like the teacher's spare time or vacation time. It is in fact time for preparation of educational material. And "3. Time spent preparing for something." Obviously SoP. A lot of this user's numerous recent "time" entries may be SoP. Equinox ◑ 10:27, 5 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Delete, SOP. I would like to prevent this user from creating any more entries for some time. PUC – 12:28, 5 May 2024 (UTC)
 * For what reason? I am creating these entries in good faith, since they all appear as redlinked entries under the "hyponyms" section of time. newfiles (talk) 12:48, 5 May 2024 (UTC)
 * I also don't appreciate that comment that you made earlier that I'm "creating a lot of crap". That is very rude.  I'm not a troll.  And I'm creating entries that are redlinked, in order to build and expand Wiktionary. newfiles (talk) 13:15, 5 May 2024 (UTC)
 * I'm not doubting your good faith, I'm doubting your judgment. You should not create entries for every red link that you see. PUC – 15:18, 5 May 2024 (UTC)
 * I would not create entries for redlinked terms that I know and realize would clearly be deemed SoP by the Wiktionary community. For example, "perfect time", from the discussion previously, which was instantly marked for deletion, even though it was discovered that is a legitimate term in the world of music. newfiles (talk) 15:26, 5 May 2024 (UTC)
 * In the case of, let's not forget that the version of the entry that was nominated for deletion is . PUC – 17:45, 5 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Indeed it was. But that doesn't detract from the fact that you were very rude to me by stating I'm "adding a lot of crap entries". newfiles (talk) 01:08, 7 May 2024 (UTC)
 * An IP on Wikipedia didn't like it when I called him a "troublesome user" recently. I do wonder why the user is unregistered. DonnanZ (talk) 14:31, 5 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Which user are you talking about? PUC – 15:18, 5 May 2024 (UTC)
 * I haven't got a clue. You can see here: . I have some unfinished business. DonnanZ (talk) 15:57, 5 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Delete as SoP. — Sgconlaw (talk) 17:08, 5 May 2024 (UTC)
 * I previously pointed out to you that you can't just look at the red links in a list of hyponyms or derived terms and start creating entries for them. This is a wiki—editors sometimes add items to lists without being aware of policies that may disallow entries to be made for such items. Now that you are aware of the SoP policy, try to consider if a term may be SoP before creating an entry. For example, if preparation time means nothing more than time spent preparing for something, then it's SoP. You added an education and a cooking sense, but if such senses are allowed, then why not also senses like time spent in preparation by a chemist, dentist, or engineer? I hope you can see how quickly the number of senses would increase, and that as a whole it is unreasonable to have such an entry. If you're unsure if a term is SoP or not, raise the matter for discussion at the Tea Room. — Sgconlaw (talk) 18:00, 5 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Delete. Most of this user's entries are good, and they are evidently learning and getting better, but it behoves them to keep SoP at the front of mind when creating multi-word terms. This, that and the other (talk) 05:34, 6 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Delete 3 - SOP. Take 2 (in rewritten form) to RFV - I've only heard of this being called "prep time" or "preparatory time", but if it's citable then I think it's not SOP - it refers to a specific scheduled block in school timetabling (where teachers and/or students are required to be on campus but do not have lessons. You see it a lot in old boarding school novels). I think delete 1, but it has a specific meaning in cooking: the time required to set mise en place. After all, all cooking is food preparation in one form or another, but if a cookbook says "20 minutes preparation time" they mean "Chopping and weighing ingredients will take 20 minutes". Preparation time would include the time it takes to slice meat, but not the time it takes to cook nor to marinate. That said, maybe that nuance would be better handled as a sense at preparation. Smurrayinchester (talk) 10:44, 6 May 2024 (UTC)

 * You say: if a cookbook says "20 minutes preparation time" they mean "Chopping and weighing ingredients will take 20 minutes". A cookbook doesn't need to tell you how to chop and weigh things: those instructions are not in the recipe. So they are preparation for the recipe. Seems fairly self-evident in context. Equinox ◑ 10:49, 6 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Could it be useful for people to define it a bit more precisely like this? Then I am inclined to keep it. The second definition too, I wouldn’t guess it. 3rd should be . How to cook or navigate educational institutions (efficiently) isn’t intuitive to everyone, actually these are whole arts by themselves. Fay Freak (talk) 18:00, 23 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Delete. Ultimateria (talk) 19:36, 22 May 2024 (UTC)

 * RFD failed Denazz (talk) 08:37, 1 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:preparation time


text: oversentencing

title: oversentencing


text: oversentenced

title: oversentenced


text:
Talk:francoespañól

RFC discussion: June 2024
español does not have an accent; the correct form is francoespañol JMGN (talk) 00:08, 30 June 2024 (UTC)

 * Moved. And I'm a little surprised, usually Wonderfool's Spanish is better than that. —Mahāgaja · talk 07:51, 30 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:francoespañól


text: overpolices

title: overpolices


text: overpolicing

title: overpolicing


text:
chanada

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) shenanigan; trick

title: chanada


text: chanadas

title: chanadas


text:
שגרתי

Adjective

 * 1) routine, mundane

title: שגרתי


text:
ecokhvrpe

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) his/her lip

title: ecokhvrpe


text:
cuururaruus

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) porcupine

title: cuururaruus


text:
Bartlett daisy

Etymology
🇰🇲, from.

Noun

 * , a species of small yellow-flowering plant, the only species in the genus.

title: Bartlett daisy


text: ngeanntracha

title: ngeanntracha


text:
book reading

Etymology
From, from , equivalent to 🇰🇲.

Noun

 * 1) The act or practice of reading books or other printed matter.

title: book reading


text: ngloiní

title: ngloiní


text:
پردو

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) curtain, screen, cover, veil
 * 2) secrecy, privacy
 * 3) modesty

title: پردو


text:
Old Stratford

Usage notes
There was also a civil parish named Old Stratford and Drayton in Warwickshire, which was abolished and merged with in 2015. . There was also a parish named Old Stratford Within for Stratford-upon-Avon (found on one old map).

title: Old Stratford


text:
ਪਰਦਾ

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) curtain, blind, screen, partition, dividing wall
 * 2) purdah, cover, veil, privacy, seclusion, secrecy, clandestineness
 * 3) membrane, septum, velum

title: ਪਰਦਾ


text:
dung moss

Etymology
🇰🇲

Noun

 * 1) Any  in the genus.

title: dung moss


text: nguairí

title: nguairí


text:
Gravy SEAL

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  A gun enthusiast who is overweight and has no military training.

title: Gravy SEAL


text: Gravy SEALs

title: Gravy SEALs


text: nguidhe

title: nguidhe


text: antifurs

title: antifurs


text:
ପରଦା

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) screen; curtain
 * 2) cover; covering
 * 3) secrecy; privacy
 * 4) seraglio
 * 5) izzat; position; decency; honour
 * 6) fencing; partition
 * 7) shame; modesty
 * 8) layer
 * 9)  membrane

title: ପରଦା


text:
Meal Team Six

Etymology
.

Proper noun

 * 1)  Gun enthusiasts with no military training.

title: Meal Team Six


text:
পরদা

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) screen, curtain
 * 2) veil, zenana, purdah
 * 3)  membrane
 * 4) film
 * 5) layer, strip, flake
 * 6)  bridge, key
 * 7)  scale

title: পরদা


text:
須菩提

Etymology
Transliteration of.

Proper noun

 * 1)  Subhūti a senior disciple of the Buddha

title: 須菩提


text:
ಪರವಾನಗಿ

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) license

title: ಪರವಾನಗಿ


text: 须菩提

title: 须菩提


text:
өтпек

Etymology
From /.

Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, etc.

Noun

 * 1)  bread

title: өтпек


text:
ਪਰਵਾਨਗੀ

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) acceptance, approval, sanction, accedence, assent, agreement

title: ਪਰਵਾਨਗੀ


text: huvudsatsen

title: huvudsatsen


text: huvudsatser

title: huvudsatser


text: huvudsatserna

title: huvudsatserna


text: huvudsatsens

title: huvudsatsens


text: huvudsatsers

title: huvudsatsers


text: huvudsatsernas

title: huvudsatsernas


text: bisatsen

title: bisatsen


text: bisatser

title: bisatser


text: bisatserna

title: bisatserna


text: bisatsens

title: bisatsens


text: bisatsers

title: bisatsers


text: bisatsernas

title: bisatsernas


text: negationen

title: negationen


text: negationer

title: negationer


text: negationerna

title: negationerna


text: negationens

title: negationens


text: negationers

title: negationers


text: negationernas

title: negationernas


text: bookreading

title: bookreading


text: book readings

title: book readings


text: סידני

title: סידני


text:
پستو

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) pistachio

title: پستو


text: Category:sd:Nuts

title: Category:sd:Nuts


text: Category:sd:Sumac family plants

title: Category:sd:Sumac family plants


text: Category:sd:Sapindales order plants

title: Category:sd:Sapindales order plants


text:
ਪੁਲ

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) bridge

title: ਪੁਲ


text:
שלמים

Noun

 * 1) peace offering

title: שלמים


text:
mercuryquake

Etymology
, after the pattern of.

Noun

 * 1) A quake on the planet Mercury.

title: mercuryquake


text:
পিয়লা

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) cup

title: পিয়লা


text: mercuryquakes

title: mercuryquakes


text:
ପିଆଲା

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) drinking-cup
 * 2) cup

title: ପିଆଲା


text:
پيالو

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) cup, bowl

title: پيالو


text: geslog

title: geslog


text:
digyffwrdd

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) contactless

title: digyffwrdd


text:
পেশোয়া

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  peshwa (prime minister of the Maratha Empire)

title: পেশোয়া


text:
lens gyffwrdd

Noun

 * 1) contact lens

title: lens gyffwrdd


text: gyffwrdd

title: gyffwrdd


text:
പേശ്വാ

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) leader, prime minister

title: പേശ്വാ


text:
ckiiskararii

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) thirteen-lined ground squirrel
 * 2) mole

title: ckiiskararii


text:
ਪੇਸ਼ਵਾ

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) guide, leader
 * 2)  peshwa (prime minister of the Maratha Empire)

title: ਪੇਸ਼ਵਾ


text:
பேஷ்வா

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) leader, foreman
 * 2)  peshwa

title: பேஷ்வா


text:
পয়দা

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) birth, origination

title: পয়দা


text:
ପଇଦା

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) birth; production
 * 2) profit; income

Adjective

 * 1) born; begotten
 * 2) earned; got

title: ପଇଦା


text:
فڪر

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) thought

title: فڪر


text:
kaltek

Etymology
from, a petroleum brand name of used in the Asia-Pacific region.

Noun

 * 1) dipper made out of plastic motor oil or gasoline containers

title: kaltek


text:
begukan

Noun

 * 1) A sautéed pork dish of the Philippines, flavoured with shrimp paste.

title: begukan


text:
napraszać

Etymology
From. .

Verb

 * 1)  to importune, to implore; to bother
 * 2)  to ask for it; to dig oneself in a hole
 * 3)  to come to mind
 * 1)  to come to mind

title: napraszać


text:
ಫೌಜು

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) army

title: ಫೌಜು


text:
lụp

Noun

 * 1) kind of cage for trapping birds

title: lụp


text: Coelophrys

title: Coelophrys


text: Category:Translingual terms prefixed with coelo-


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/-gusom

Etymology
From.

Suffix

 * 1) choice

Derived terms

 * *uɸor-gusom
 * *dī-gusom
 * *ɸro-gusom
 * *to-gusom
 * *uss-gusom
 * *to-gusom
 * *uss-gusom
 * *to-gusom
 * *uss-gusom
 * *to-gusom
 * *uss-gusom
 * *uss-gusom
 * *uss-gusom
 * *uss-gusom
 * *uss-gusom

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/-gusom


text:
frolleague

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  A colleague that is considered a friend.

title: frolleague


text: frolleagues

title: frolleagues


text:
time deposit account

Noun

 * 1)  A type of interest-bearing bank or credit union account requiring the depositing of money into an account for a pre-agreed length of time, or a term.

title: time deposit account


text: time deposit accounts

title: time deposit accounts


text:
נדבה

Noun

 * 1) freewill offering, donation, charity

title: נדבה


text:
一闡提

Etymology
Transliteration of.

Noun

 * 1)  an incorrigible unbeliever

title: 一闡提


text:
tóp tép

Etymology
.

Usage notes

 * Can only be used after the verb.

title: tóp tép


text: 一阐提

title: 一阐提


text: 御仕置き

title: 御仕置き


text: oshioki

title: oshioki


text:
帝釋

Etymology
Chinese + clipping of.

Proper noun

 * 1)  Sakra

title: 帝釋


text: field nigger

title: field nigger


text: field niggers

title: field niggers


text:
tvkvcwetv

Verb

 * 1)  to be hard

title: tvkvcwetv


text:
Kamara de Representantes

Etymology
.

Proper noun

 * 1) House of Representatives of the Philippines
 * °N, °W
 * °N, °W

title: Kamara de Representantes


text: kamara de representantes

title: kamara de representantes


text: Category:Japanese kyōiku kanji

title: Category:Japanese kyōiku kanji


text:
hvrpetvkvcwe

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) armadillo

title: hvrpetvkvcwe


text:
বরাবর

Etymology
.

Adverb

 * 1) always
 * 2) straightway

title: বরাবর


text: Monmore Green

title: Monmore Green


text:
hvcetekv

Noun

 * 1) gopher

title: hvcetekv


text:
bare-legged owl

Noun

 * , a species of owl endemic to.

Translations

 * Catalan: xot de Cuba
 * Dutch:
 * French: petit-duc de Cuba
 * German: Kubaeule
 * Italian: assiolo di Cuba
 * Russian: куби́нская со́вка
 * Vietnamese: cú mèo Cuba

title: bare-legged owl


text:
bollt

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  bolt, dart
 * 2)  bolt
 * 3)  bolt, bar
 * 4) bolt fastener

title: bollt


text: vcetekv

title: vcetekv


text:
bollten

Etymology
From.

title: bollten


text: kept tabs on

title: kept tabs on


text: keeping tabs on

title: keeping tabs on


text: keeps tabs on

title: keeps tabs on


text: ethnic purges

title: ethnic purges


text: clears the table

title: clears the table


text: clearing the table

title: clearing the table


text: cleared the table

title: cleared the table


text:
постувати

Etymology
From the пост- stem of.

Verb

 * 1)  to fast

title: постувати


text:
cufe

Noun

 * 1) rabbit

title: cufe


text:
taranfollt

Etymology
From 🇰🇲,.

Noun

 * 1) thunderbolt
 * 2)  bolt from the blue; bombshell

title: taranfollt


text: Category:cy:Lightning

title: Category:cy:Lightning


text: Category:cy:Fasteners

title: Category:cy:Fasteners


text: Heath Town

title: Heath Town


text:
ਬਹਾਦਰ

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) brave, bold, courageous

Noun

 * 1) hero, champion, knight

title: ਬਹਾਦਰ


text:
蝴蝶手

Noun

 * 1) hand flapping

title: 蝴蝶手


text: húdiéshǒu

title: húdiéshǒu


text:
বাহাদুর

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) skilful, valorous, brave
 * 2) credible, praiseworthy

Noun

 * 1) bahadur

title: বাহাদুর


text:
ਬਾਗ

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) garden, orchard

title: ਬਾਗ


text:
ಬಜಾರು

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) market
 * 2) trade

title: ಬಜಾರು


text:
ਬਜ਼ਾਰ

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) bazaar, street
 * 2) mart

title: ਬਜ਼ਾਰ


text:
ਬਰੀਕ

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) thin, fine, slender
 * 2) pulverised, powdered
 * 3) minute
 * 4) subtle

title: ਬਰੀਕ


text:
skolår

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) school year; academic year

title: skolår


text:
ਵਿਚਾਰਾ

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) poor, helpless, hapless, unfortunate, wretched, pitiable

title: ਵਿਚਾਰਾ


text:
excisão

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  excision

title: excisão


text: Wiktionary:Foreign Word of the Day/2024/July 13


text: Trysull

title: Trysull


text:
Trysull and Seisdon

Proper noun

 * , which includes the named places.

title: Trysull and Seisdon


text: 过译

title: 过译


text:
過譯

Verb

 * 1) to overtranslate

title: 過譯


text:
果毅

Adjective

 * 1)  courageous and persistent

title: 果毅


text: Category:it:Muppets

title: Category:it:Muppets


text: Seisdon

title: Seisdon


text: guóyī

title: guóyī


text: guǒyì

title: guǒyì


text: guòyì

title: guòyì


text: Category:de:Puppets

title: Category:de:Puppets


text: Category:de:Muppets

title: Category:de:Muppets


text: Gànzhōu

title: Gànzhōu


text:
焗親

Verb

 * 1)  to suffer from heatstroke or sunstroke

title: 焗親


text: craig-fluke

title: craig-fluke


text: craig fluke

title: craig fluke


text: craig-flukes

title: craig-flukes


text: craig flukes

title: craig flukes


text: uzamifu

title: uzamifu


title: Template:R:neg:Tsintsius:1982


text: Category:Negidal reference templates

title: Category:Negidal reference templates


text: Category:Negidal templates

title: Category:Negidal templates


text: Category:Japanese terms spelled with kyōiku kanji


text: Category:sw:Academic degrees

title: Category:sw:Academic degrees


text:
га-а-х-га-а-х

Interjection

 * 1) imitation of a raven's cry

title: га-а-х-га-а-х


text: Category:Negidal interjections

title: Category:Negidal interjections


text: Category:Negidal multiword terms

title: Category:Negidal multiword terms


text:
ukapera

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) bachelorhood

title: ukapera


text: huángjū

title: huángjū


text: bailojia

title: bailojia


text:
電腦盲

Noun

 * 1)  computer illiteracy

title: 電腦盲


text:
голдих

Noun

 * 1) Nanai person

title: голдих


text: Template:R:ryu:Okinawa Kogo Daijiten

title: Template:R:ryu:Okinawa Kogo Daijiten


text:
göçebe

Etymology
From +

Adjective

 * 1)   continuously migrating depending on climate and seasons and living without any sedentary buildings, nomad
 * 2)  migratory

title: göçebe


text:
User:Chuterix/OldMiddleOkinawa

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) foobar
 * 2) * 1531-1623, Omoro Sōshi
 * 3) * Nantō Kayō
 * 4) * Ryūka Zenshū
 * 5) * Kumiodori
 * 6) * Konkō Kenshū
 * 1) * Kumiodori
 * 2) * Konkō Kenshū
 * 1) * Konkō Kenshū
 * 1) * Konkō Kenshū

title: User:Chuterix/OldMiddleOkinawa


text:
muruanha

Etymology
Navarro derives it from, but the E>U change is unexplained. Possibly an alternative form *mberuanha existed, as seen in the Portuguese borrowing, but wasn't recorded.

Noun

 * 1)  stable fly

title: muruanha


text:
shahada ya kwanza

Noun

 * 1) bachelor's degree

title: shahada ya kwanza


text:
požitčiti

Etymology
..

Verb

 * 1) to lend
 * 2) to provide
 * 3) to allow, to let
 * 1) to allow, to let

Usage notes

 * Usually governs genitive.

title: požitčiti


text:
göç etmek

Verb

 * 1) to migrate
 * 2)  to die
 * 1)  to die
 * 1)  to die

title: göç etmek


text:
дуйи

Noun

 * 1) Sakhalin

title: дуйи


text:
街巷

Noun

 * 1) streets and lanes

title: 街巷


text: jiēxiàng

title: jiēxiàng


text:
shahada ya uzamivu

Noun

 * 1) Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.), doctorate degree

title: shahada ya uzamivu


text: shahada za uzamivu

title: shahada za uzamivu


text: 亍辺

title: 亍辺


text: shahada za kwanza

title: shahada za kwanza


text: へと

title: へと


text:
milijonas

Numeral

 * 1)  million

title: milijonas


text:
milijardas

Numeral

 * 1)  billion

title: milijardas


text: Category:Okinawan first grade kanji

title: Category:Okinawan first grade kanji


text: Category:Okinawan kyōiku kanji

title: Category:Okinawan kyōiku kanji


text: Category:Okinawan jōyō kanji

title: Category:Okinawan jōyō kanji


text:
upandaji

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) planting
 * 2) climbing

title: upandaji


text:
шаўрма

Etymology
or, from. Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) shawarma

title: шаўрма


text:
йохо

Noun

 * 1) Yakut

title: йохо


text: Category:Japanese kanji with kun reading つて


text: mmishenari

title: mmishenari


text: wamishenari

title: wamishenari


text: Template:sq-letter

title: Template:sq-letter


text: Template:sq-letter/documentation

title: Template:sq-letter/documentation


text: Category:Haitian Creole reference templates


text: Category:Kikai hyōgai kanji

title: Category:Kikai hyōgai kanji


text:
iraq olsun

Etymology
lit. 'may it be away'.

Phrase

 * 1) God forbid

title: iraq olsun


text: umishenari

title: umishenari


text: Category:Northern Amami Ōshima hyōgai kanji


text: umishionari

title: umishionari


text: Category:Okinoerabu hyōgai kanji

title: Category:Okinoerabu hyōgai kanji


text: Category:Kunigami first grade kanji

title: Category:Kunigami first grade kanji


text: Category:Kunigami kyōiku kanji

title: Category:Kunigami kyōiku kanji


text: Category:Kunigami jōyō kanji

title: Category:Kunigami jōyō kanji


text: Category:Miyako first grade kanji

title: Category:Miyako first grade kanji


text: Category:Miyako kyōiku kanji

title: Category:Miyako kyōiku kanji


text: Category:Miyako jōyō kanji

title: Category:Miyako jōyō kanji


text: Category:Northern Amami Ōshima first grade kanji


text: Category:Northern Amami Ōshima kyōiku kanji


text: Category:Northern Amami Ōshima jōyō kanji


text: Category:Yaeyama first grade kanji

title: Category:Yaeyama first grade kanji


text: Category:Yaeyama kyōiku kanji

title: Category:Yaeyama kyōiku kanji


text: Category:Yaeyama jōyō kanji

title: Category:Yaeyama jōyō kanji


text: Category:Yonaguni first grade kanji

title: Category:Yonaguni first grade kanji


text: Category:Yonaguni kyōiku kanji

title: Category:Yonaguni kyōiku kanji


text: Category:Yonaguni jōyō kanji

title: Category:Yonaguni jōyō kanji


text:
umisheni

Noun

 * 1)  mission?

title: umisheni


text: Category:Okinawan second grade kanji

title: Category:Okinawan second grade kanji


text: Category:Yoron second grade kanji

title: Category:Yoron second grade kanji


text: Category:Yoron kyōiku kanji

title: Category:Yoron kyōiku kanji


text: Category:Yoron jōyō kanji

title: Category:Yoron jōyō kanji


text: Category:Okinawan hyōgai kanji

title: Category:Okinawan hyōgai kanji


text:
trenkti

Etymology
From, the ye-present of. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to slam, beat, strike
 * 2) to drown out, muffle
 * 3) to throw down, cast off, discard

title: trenkti


text: Category:Southern Amami Ōshima hyōgai kanji


text: Category:Yonaguni hyōgai kanji

title: Category:Yonaguni hyōgai kanji


text: Category:Southern Amami Ōshima first grade kanji


text: Category:Southern Amami Ōshima kyōiku kanji


text: Category:Southern Amami Ōshima jōyō kanji


text: Category:Okinawan terms spelled with kyōiku kanji


text: Template:sq-prefix

title: Template:sq-prefix


text:
trankyti

Etymology
From, the o-grade of the root underlying , +.

Verb

 * 1) to shake, jolt
 * 2) to hit repeatedly

title: trankyti


text:
niaje

Etymology
From.

Interjection

 * 1)  hello, what's up

title: niaje


text: Template:sq-suffix

title: Template:sq-suffix


text:
પરંતુ

Etymology
.

Conjunction

 * 1) but, however

title: પરંતુ


text:
User:TheSilverWolf98/Ossory Irish

=About=

This page is the accumulation of my personal research into the Ossory dialect of Irish, which was originally spoken in Kilkenny, eastern Tipperary, southern Laois, south-west Wexford, and the extreme western edge of Carlow. It is currently unknown to me how far its features extended into eastern and northern Waterford, but it seems likely that the Irish spoken in Waterford City and possibly Tramore could have been tinged a little by Ossory Irish, which was definitely present on the other side of the river Suir. Ossory Irish is distinct from, but closely related to Déise Irish that was present in central and western County Waterford, and still survives in the Gaeltacht of An Rinn. They are both East Munster dialects, and share many similarities with the West Munster dialects still spoken in Cork and Kerry. Ossory Irish had a few influences from the Leinster dialects spoken to the north and east, which are lacking in Déise Irish. Ossory Irish was still flourishing in the 1860's, according to various accounts, and became extinct in the 1930's or 1940's, depending on who is considered the last fluent speaker. We have a single Kilkenny recording from 1936, of Pádraig de Paor, and a couple from Tipperary from a similar period, though I have yet to listen to those to determine whether they are indeed Ossory Irish, or the Connacht Irish that was spoken in the western and northern parts of Tipperary. We also have a number of written texts and a couple of preliminary phonetic and grammatical observations - most notably from John O'Donovan in his mid 19th-century grammar of Irish, among others. Many Irish words have also survived and become part of the Kilkenny dialect of English, and a book has been completed on that subject. Place names, and particularly the anglicisation of those place names, are useful in order to reconstruct the local pronunciation at the time they were adopted into English. The classical Irish spelling used in the early 20th century, and later that of the Caighdeán Oifigiúil (away, foul beast!!!!!), do not provide such phonetic insights, but are useful in ascertaining the meanings of the names, which can be obscured by dialectical sound changes.

Here, I attempt to document the remains of Ossory Irish, in the hope that this information can be used to flesh out the Irish language pages on Wiktionary to give more nuanced dialect coverage, which is severely lacking, at least as far as I can see. Ossory Irish has a number of quirks that are rarely seen in the other dialects of Ireland. I also intend to compare some of the other dialects from the south of Ireland to illustrate how widely the spoken language could vary in its heyday. I am also going to include material from eastern and north-eastern Waterford.

Why am I so interested in this particular form of Irish? Well, it's the Irish my ancestors spoke. I'm descended from Costigans, Lanigans, and Walshes from the south of Kilkenny (Slieverue, Kilmacow, Mullinavat, Mooncoin, Portnascully etc), Morans from the City of Waterford itself, and Griffins from Carrick-On-Suir. Irish was lost in the family before the birth of my beloved great-grandmother, as she knew none, and never heard it from her mother as a child. But the census of 1911 proved that my great-grandmother's grandmother was bilingual. Before her, I would imagine my ancestors were increasingly more monolingual Irish speakers, though I have no solid proof of such (thanks, Four Courts fire). Uncovering the Irish of my ancestors is a way for me to be closer to them, honour them, and give them a legacy. I only wish Great Grandma Gray was here to learn about it with me, but I like to think she's proud, watching me from upstairs. I miss her every day.

Personal aside over, I hope this proves useful and informative to anyone who reads it.

NB: An additional note on spellings used - when quoting a word or phrase from a source document, I will write it as I find it. I will also try to illustrate how it may have been pronounced using IPA. When giving the official spelling of the word, I will *always* use the classical spelling, never the Caighdean Oifigiúil, as, frankly, the CO is an abomination and it needlessly rips apart the Irish spelling system, which was used successfully for centuries. I may in the future also propose an Ossory-specific spelling, based on the classical model, but that is not my primary objective of this page. Once one learns the sound changes, deriving the Ossory pronunciation from the classical spelling is regular and straight-forward in most cases. Where it is not, I will make a clear note of it.

=Phonetics=

Slender ‘r’
Classical r’ > Ossory /ʒ/

This is perhaps the most well-known feature of Ossory Irish, the development of slender r into a fricative somewhere around /ʒ/ or /ʃ/. Outside of Ossory, this phenomenon has only been seen in one other dialect, that of Mayo. This is a feature that sets the Ossory dialect apart from Déise. Historically, the slender r was pronounced something like /ɾʲ/ when it was weak, and /rʲ/ when it was strong. In most dialects outside of Ulster, this strong/weak distinction has been lost in the consonant itself (see below), and the broad/slender distinction in the remaining tapped r sound is vanishing in modern speakers, but is generally marked in the older generations.

The exact nature of this consonant is not completely clear, and may have varied within the dialect itself – in areas of Wexford and Tipperary, for example, at the edge of the dialect, the sound was described at the time as being similar to ‘igh’ – ie. slender lenited g. Something perhaps along the lines of /ʝ/. This may be an intermediate stage in the sound change, but this is difficult to prove. It is also unclear exactly where the ‘igh’ turns into ‘is’ or ‘izh’ as is commonly written in the sources. In the recording of Pádraig de Paor, the sound he uses is very clearly either /ʒ/ or /ʑ/. It is because of this, I have erred on the side of caution, and appointed ‘ʒ’ as the IPA letter to represent all instances of the slender r change on this page, because I can hear it directly from a native speaker. This, naturally, is going to be more correct than any sound I can infer from written documents. Just be aware that there were likely nuances in pronunciation from various areas of the dialect that have not been preserved.

Some examples from written sources:

 * Bóithrín “small country lane” = bosheen ~ boisín ~ boisin ~ bósheen.
 * Muire “Mary” = Muishe ~ Muise.
 * Slughaire = slughaise.
 * Féirin = faysheen.
 * Móir = móish.
 * Bóthair = bótais.

I have found this phenomenon in the following places:
 * Kilkenny: Slieverue, Corluddy, Tobernabrone, Rochestown, Ballyhale, Haggard, Dungarvan, Clomantagh, Connahy, Newtown, Kells, Dunmore, Smartscastle, Kellymount, Lismateige, Weatherstown, Kilbride, Thomastown, Curraghmartin.
 * Tipperary: Ballylusky, Ballingarry, Graystown, Commons.
 * Wexford: New Ross, Rosbercon.
 * Laois: Graigueradrisly, Gorteen, Lisdowney.
 * Carlow: Gowlin.

Word-Final ‘-th’
Classical -th > Ossory -/x/

This is an East Munster dialect sound change, also shared by Déise, and still seen in An Rinn today. It involves strengthening the word-final /h/ sound to /x/. In most other dialects of Irish, this word-final /h/ is usually dropped, except in very careful speech. Some dialects have lost it altogether. This is one of the sound changes that distinguishes East Munster (Déise and Ossory) from West Munster (Kerry and Cork). In An Rinn, this sound change only occurs in monosyllables. In polysyllables, final -th behaves as it does in the West Munster dialects. It is currently unclear to me if this same restriction applied to Ossory Irish, or whether the phenomenon was more widespread. It is audible in the recording of Pádraig de Paor. Strangely, I can never find evidence of this in the word ‘ráth’, which always seems to retain its classical pronunciation. I’m not sure whether this is an introduced irregularity from the Celtic Revival, or just a relic of the past. It is also a feature shared with Clare Irish.

Examples from written sources:

 * Bráth = brauck’ ~ ‘breagh.
 * Liath "grey" = leek.
 * Bláth "flower" = blách /blˠɑːx/.
 * Scáth "shadow" = scách /skɑːx/.

Raising of ‘ó’
=Grammar=

Relative Clauses
According to John O'Flynn, the relative clause inflection of verbs were lost everywhere in Munster except for the Irish spoken in eastern Waterford. In this area, he says the relative form is also used in places that do not require it. He gives the example 'bias fearthainn againn anocht' "we shall have rain tonight". This technically incorrect usage is also seen in Connacht, and is possibly an indication of Connacht influence.

Consonant Mutation
=Wordlist=

Verbs
=Phrases, Proverbs, & Passages=

'Dé cuma bhfuil tú?
This is taken from John O'Flynn and is said to be the most common form of this phrase used in the parishes of Dunhill, Fenor, and Kill, in the east of County Waterford. 'Dé' here is explained as a contraction of 'cadé'.

Bias fearthainn againn anocht.
Taken from John O'Flynn as an example of (mis)use of the relative form of verbs in eastern Waterford. Presumably from the Kill area, like some of his other material, but this is just speculation on my part. The spelling of 'bias' is identical to that of Keating.

=References=

title: User:TheSilverWolf98/Ossory Irish


text:
nervinti

Verb

 * 1) to bug, annoy

title: nervinti


text:
przewodnicząca

Etymology
From.

title: przewodnicząca


text:
宸遊

Noun

 * 1)  imperial outing

title: 宸遊


text:
wnętrzność

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  entrails, guts, innards, intestines, viscera

title: wnętrzność


text: 宸游

title: 宸游


text: chényóu

title: chényóu