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KIFR (TV)

KIFR (channel 49) is a television station in Visalia, California, United States, serving the Fresno area as a Classic Arts Showcase affiliate. The station is owned by Vita Broadcasting. KIFR's studios are located on North Fresno Street near San Joaquin Memorial High School and the Hammond district just north of downtown Fresno, and its transmitter is located on Blue Ridge in rural Tulare County.

Prior to its current ownership, channel 49 (as KNXT) was a Catholic television station for the Central Valley.

History
In 1985, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) granted an application by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Fresno—which learned of the channel a week before the deadline to file —to build a new non-commercial educational television station on the channel 49 allocation in Visalia, beating out a bid from the Trinity Broadcasting Network and the Tulare County board of education. Construction of the transmitter on Blue Ridge proved to be a test of sensitivity; the tower required environmental approval because the site is a roosting area for the California condor, and the county approved the tower over protests by Native American groups, who argued that the ridge was sacred ground and had been used for centuries as a communication point for smoke signals between tribes on different sides of the Sierra. The station signed on November 2, 1986. (The call letters had previously had a long history in California on the CBS owned-and-operated station on channel 2 in Los Angeles, which became KCBS-TV in 1984.)

It did not take long for the diocese's new television station to be a financial drain, in part because it was approved far faster than had been anticipated, as TBN had unexpectedly withdrawn its application. In 1988, less than two years after signing on, priests called for a probe of the diocese's finances, alleging that monies donated by parishioners and entrusted to the diocese were donated for building improvements but instead diverted to diocesan operations including KNXT. That same year, on the occasion of Bishop Joseph J. Madera's quinquennial visit ad limina, the station reported a $263,000 deficit, even though the bishop noted that financial contributions were growing. A group explored a potential sale of channel 49 in 1990 and even recommended its sale to Community Educational Television, the noncommercial stations arm of TBN, for $1 million; two years later, negotiations were held with Joseph Desmond, a buyer who owned 30 KFC restaurants in the state and planned to keep Catholic programming on KNXT. Bids, however, were so low that the diocese opted to retain and upgrade the station instead. By 1996, KNXT was producing 14 in-house programs in English, Spanish and Portuguese, alongside its weekly Mass from St. Anne's Chapel and EWTN and Classic Arts Showcase programming.

Attempted sales, closure and resumption of operations
In 2016, the Diocese of Fresno attempted to sell the station, but it could not find a non-profit organization willing to buy the non-commercial educational station. It then operated in a partnership with the Massachusetts-based CatholicTV network. The diocese then revealed that it was in negotiations with a party again in early 2019, warning that if talks fell apart, the station would sign off the air. That party was revealed to be Ventura TV Video and Appliance Center, Inc., owner of KBID-LP and KVHF-LD in Fresno, when the two parties petitioned the FCC in August 2019 to remove the non-commercial reservation from KNXT's channel allocation.

On June 18, 2020, in a letter from Bishop Joseph Vincent Brennan, the diocese announced it could no longer sustain KNXT's high cost of operation and was taking it silent on June 30, after 33 years of broadcasting.

On May 3, 2021, it was announced that KNXT would be sold to fellow non-profit Vita Broadcasting for $50,000; it would remain a non-commercial educational station. The sale was completed on June 21; the station returned to the air on June 29 with Classic Arts Showcase programming. The call letters were changed to KIFR on November 8, 2021.

Programming
Prior to the sale to Vita Broadcasting, programming seen on KNXT was mainly of a Roman Catholic religious orient, with some shows being sourced from the Eternal Word Television Network; however, KNXT is somewhat less conservative doctrinally (but firmly in line with Catholic Church teachings). The station's programming consisted of a mix of local daily and Sunday Mass, talk shows, music and variety programs, the Rosary, children's programs, and Catholic-targeted movies.

KNXT also carried a handful of Protestant produced programs that do not get into doctrinal issues (including children's shows), as well as some limited secular programming. The station's programming was simulcast on translator station KNXT-LP (channel 38) in Bakersfield. KNXT-LP was acquired by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Fresno from Cocola Broadcasting on November 2, 2007, to serve as a repeater of KNXT.

KNXT was the only full-power, 24-hour Catholic-owned broadcast station in the United States that is not a member station of PBS, although many other Roman Catholic dioceses around the nation provide such programming to cable or closed-circuit television systems (although other television stations, including WWL-TV in New Orleans, KDTU (now KTTU) in Tucson, Arizona, WETG (now WFXP) in Erie, Pennsylvania, WBAY-TV in Green Bay, Wisconsin, WNDU-TV in South Bend, Indiana, WTXX (now WCCT-TV) in Hartford, Connecticut, and WIHS-TV (now WSBK-TV) in Boston, have been owned by Catholic interests, all seven stations were commercial, primarily secular stations with limited Catholic programming).

Subchannels
The station's signal is multiplexed:

Analog-to-digital conversion
KNXT shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 49, on June 12, 2009, the official date on which full-power television stations in the United States transitioned from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate. The station's digital signal remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 50, using virtual channel 49.

Spectrum auction repack
KNXT was one of nearly 1,000 television stations that were required to change their digital channel allocation in the upcoming spectrum auction repack in late 2017 or early 2018. The station reallocated its digital signal to UHF channel 22 in phase one of the repack.

title: KIFR (TV)


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Talk:Vermilion

Heading text
The article saysIt is also the name of the typical color of the pigment, which is a bright but somewhat lighter and very slightly orange shade. which makes very little sense to me. Any suggestions? --Phil | Talk 14:58, Apr 7, 2005 (UTC)

 * I guess it is missing the word 'red', as in;
 * It is also the name of the typical color of the pigment, which is a bright red, but somewhat lighter and very slightly orange shade.
 * On the other hand, I think we can probably write a better entry. -- Solipsist 19:25, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Color codes
Where do the color codes come from? I haven't been able to find any reliable source on the Web. Yes, I found pages claiming that vermilion is such and such in RGB/CMYK/HSV, but no evidence to back that up.

- so, you've found pages on the internet, but nothing reliable enough to be a source? that sucks. but since I don't think there's a governing body with the authority to dictate which physical colours have which names, I'd say that we have to accept that this is a de facto standard, and provide links to a fair number of the pages you found. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.144.16.61 (talk) 08:03, 17 January 2008 (UTC)

 * The closest thing to a standard in RGB-land are the 140 X11/SVG/CSS color names that most web browsers understand (plus orthographic variants). No vermilion though. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.162.45.75 (talk) 23:21, 9 August 2008 (UTC)

Red or Orange?
Is vermilion a red pigment, or an orange one. All I know is that it is my most favorite color. When I was 5 people used to call me Orange. So I hope Vermilion belongs to the orange family. I've read on encarta that it is a red pigment.
 * Traditionally, in an artist's pallette, I think Vermilion has always been considered a red. But it is quite an orange red. Cadmium red is a cheaper stronger red used today, which would give you the wiggle room to call vermilion an 'orange-red used by purists'. -- Solipsist 19:01, 28 July 2005 (UTC)

Updated color codes
I've updated the color codes based on these actual spectral measurements of genuine Vermillion pigment: http://www.handprint.com/HP/WCL/huepurity.html The author is quite thourough, and his data can be trusted. I'll update a few other pigment pages with similar color codes. The color codes started with CIEL*a*b, and were converted to sRGB based on the 10 degree observer and D65 whitepoint assumptions, and are designed for a monitor gamma of 2.2. If you change the values, please have a source based on actual measurements. It would probably be appropriate to add a few additional colors as well, to indicate different hues of different types of vermillion (since it can vary so much from source to source), if anyone has some measurements of their own. Phidauex 20:50, 21 July 2006 (UTC)

Mercurid iodide
Following paragraph was removed because it's not about vermilion:

Another red mercury pigment, mercuric iodide, briefly sold in the 19th century to artists as "Scarlet Lake" and "Iodide Scarlet" is more vivid than either vermilion or cadmium red, but it is very light sensitive and few artists used it. One who did was J. M. W. Turner, an artist infamous for his use of even the most fugitive paints. His response to criticism from a paint dealer was to point out that he was not the one who produced the paints.

Mercury compounds toxic
Is it really the case that all other mercury compounds are toxic? No inert compounds at all with mercury? Would it be more cautious to say "most" or "most common" instead of "all"?

67.169.127.166 (talk) 15:54, 29 April 2008 (UTC)

Etymology
The words for the color red in Portuguese vermelho and Catalan vermell derive from this term. Wouldn't it make more sense to say that vermilion, vermeil, vermelho, vermell share a common root, namely Latin vermiculus "little worm" which refers to another pigment, cochineal and the insect from which it is made? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.162.45.75 (talk) 23:07, 9 August 2008 (UTC)

DEC documentation
FWIW, I was at DEC Educational Services in the early 80's, and ran the VAX Resource Center at MIT for most of the rest of the 80's, and I never read or heard the binders referred to as "China Red" but always as "Terracotta." The color was more toward orange with a bit of brown than a true vermillion, and far far far from a cinnabar red. --Shava23 (talk) 00:51, 4 March 2009 (UTC)

Vermilion in the Old Testament
Verycurios added the following to the history of the process of manufacturing vermilion from mercury and sulfur:
 * Also the earliest description of the process dates back to 590 B.C as it is recorded in the Bible from the book of Jeremiah "...and it is ceiled or paneled with cedar and painted with vermilion" (Jer 22:14).

However, this Biblical reference does not say anything about the process of manufacture.

The word translated here as "vermilion" (in the KJV Bible) is the Hebrew shashar [ששר]. This is defined in the KJV Old Testament Hebrew Lexicon as "red colour, vermilion formerly gained from 'kermes' insect ". Strong's Concordance speculates that the word may be derived from the Hebrew word for 'red ochre'. In neither case does this refer to the mercury-based vermilion dye. Why does the KJV use the word "vermilion"? The context of this passage is God rebukeing Shallum, son of King Josiah, for adopting a privileged royal lifestyle without taking on the corresponding royal responsibilities. The phrase "painted with vermilion" is intended to represent indulgent luxury. At the time of the KJV translation, vermilion was a very expensive commodity, largely reserved for the nobility and the highest officers of the Church, and was thus an entirely appropriate choice of translation.

On the basis of this analysis, I shall remove the above addition. FredV (talk) 10:35, 3 September 2009 (UTC)

Please Fix the Vulgar Language!
Someone needs to fix the '******s are bad people' that repeats 2000 times, I dunno how to. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.174.11.79 (talk) 00:00, 18 February 2010 (UTC)

inconsistency in the history
early it states that the romans knew it as minium then later it is stated that minium was an adulterant. in wikipedia minium redirects to lead tetroxide. can the person who wrote the first statement include the reference, together with a suitable rewording, or retract the assertion. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 138.25.106.174 (talk) 05:09, 20 March 2011 (UTC)

Spelling?
Is it one "l" or two "ll"? Ver-milion or Ver-million? The disabiguation page says that "vermillion" with two "ll" is a misspelling, but the Vermillion page simply says it's an alternative spelling for vermilion. Which is it? 68.127.28.221 (talk) 21:18, 14 November 2011 (UTC)
 * Not a misspelling, but a variant, according to http://www.merriam-webster.com/ /Pieter Kuiper (talk) 22:21, 14 November 2011 (UTC)

Section "Sunny orange" / new references to "COLOURlovers"
For the named "Colour Lovers" in the articles text there exists the wikipedia article "COLOURlovers".

I'm not definitely sure, if all occurences should been adapted to "COLOURlovers" ...?

Jaybear (talk) 17:41, 5 January 2012 (UTC)

Replacing?
"For safety reasons the mercury in this formula has recently been replaced with cadmium, yielding a similar range of hues, although cadmium carries severe hazards of its own." I think this is misleading. It may give a impression that replacing one atom with another is as easy as replacing bike wheels and doesn't alter the compound's properties. Cadmium red was invented on its own in the 1800s. Harjasusi (talk) 14:20, 17 May 2012 (UTC)

 * Quite right - it is not that cadmium has replaced mercury in the formula for vermilion, but that (in some applications) cadmium red has replaced the (marginally more toxic) vermilion. I shall modify the article. FredV (talk) 14:40, 17 May 2012 (UTC)

"Bittersweet (color)" listed at Redirects for discussion
The redirect [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bittersweet_(color)&redirect=no Bittersweet (color)] has been listed at redirects for discussion to determine whether its use and function meets the redirect guidelines. Readers of this page are welcome to comment on this redirect at  until a consensus is reached. Jay 💬 10:06, 2 August 2023 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Vermilion


text:
User:Habap

American Civil War

 * Harrison Jeffords, Colonel of the 4th Michigan Volunteer Infantry Regiment
 * Rufus King, Union Brigadier General, first commander of the Iron Brigade

World War II Paratroopers

 * 504th Parachute Infantry Regiment, part of the 82nd Airborne Division
 * 505th Parachute Infantry Regiment, part of the 82nd Airborne Division
 * 507th Parachute Infantry Regiment, part of the 82nd Airborne Division and the 17th Airborne Division
 * 513th Parachute Infantry Regiment, part of the 17th Airborne Division
 * Camp Toccoa, Georgia, birthplace of the 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment
 * Lynn "Buck" Compton, officer in 506th during WWII and lead prosecutor of Sirhan Sirhan
 * Lt Colonel Edson Raff, author and paratrooper officer who commanded the 507th from mid-June 1944 onwards (later commanded 77th Special Forces Group and credited with being the "father" of the green beret worn by the US Army Special Forces)
 * Colonel Doyle Yardley, commander of the 509th Parachute Infantry Battalion, was captured at Avellino, but escaped from his POW camp. His diary has recently been published
 * Colonel (later Major General) Joseph H. "Bud" Harper, commander of the 327th Glider Infantry Regiment, who handed over the Bastogne surrender response, "Nuts!"

Others

 * Online Gaming Organizations, intended to discuss large-scale gaming clans, though now correctly merged into that article
 * Andreas Thorstensson, gaming news professional from Sweden
 * Connie Britton, actress on Spin City
 * Camporee, which had inexplicably only been a redirect to Philmont Scout Ranch
 * China Marines, United States Marines stationed to protect Americans in the Shanghai International Settlement from 1927-1941
 * Scoutmaster (which I can't believe I was the original author on)

Major editing work

 * SoGamed, gaming news site
 * Neighborhood Playhouse, acting school in New York City
 * Saints and Soldiers, a movie that takes place after the Malmedy massacre during the Battle of the Bulge
 * Kyle "kSharp" Miller" and Emil "HeatoN" Christensen, professional Counter-Strike players
 * Team 3D and Ninjas in Pyjamas, their teams
 * SK Gaming, Thorstenssen's eSports entity (team, website, community)
 * Major League Gaming, the console gaming league that had its own set of specials on USA Network, but had a badly disjointed article
 * Yale's "We Suck" Prank, which was getting edited by Yalies every 20 minutes or so
 * The Green Berets (film), which is probably John Wayne's worst film, being jingoistic and lacking believable combat scenes
 * Most of the articles on individual US paratroopers
 * Far too much time spent on Cindy Sheehan, Casey Sheehan and the Bring Them Home Now Tour
 * Lots of vandalism reversions to Squamish, British Columbia, Counter-Strike, MMORPG, Cheating in Counter-Strike and others

Special:Contributions/Habap

To Do's

 * Expand National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, where I worked as an undergrad
 * Expand and create more articles on WWII paratrooper regimental commanders, see work sheet

title: User:Habap


text:
Luangwa

Luangwa may refer to:
 * Luangwa River, the major river of eastern Zambia
 * Luangwa Bridge, which crosses the Luangwa River
 * Luangwa River (Mporokoso), a tributary of the Kalungwishi River in Mporokoso District, Zambia;
 * Luangwa, Zambia, a town in Zambia at the confluence of the Luangwa and Zambezi Rivers, and previously called Feira;
 * Luangwa District of eastern Lusaka Province, Zambia, of which Luangwa town is the headquarters;
 * South Luangwa National Park
 * North Luangwa National Park
 * Luangwa, a genus of cynodonts

title: Luangwa


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Louis Quilico

Louis Quilico, (January 14, 1925 – July 15, 2000) was a Canadian opera singer. One of the leading dramatic baritones of his day, he was an ideal interpreter of the great Italian and French composers, especially Giuseppe Verdi. He was often referred to as "Mr Rigoletto" in reference to the Verdi opera. During his 45-year-long career he shared performing credits with opera's greatest stars. He spent 25 consecutive years at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City. After his retirement from the stage in 1998 he continued to perform and record, most often with his second wife, pianist Christina Petrowska Quilico,, with whom he made four CDs. The couple also toured together extensively in concerts until Quilico's death in 2000. Quilico received the Governor General's Performing Arts Award, Canada's highest honour in the performing arts, in November 1999 for his lifetime contribution to classical music.

Biography
Louis Quilico was born in Montreal, Quebec, of an Italian father and a French-Canadian mother. He studied singing as a youth with Frank H. Rowe in his native Montreal while singing as a solo chorister in a church choir. After winning a prize in 1947, at the urging of the pianist and vocal coach Lina Pizzolongo, he continued his studies in Italy, studying at the Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia in Rome with Teresa Pediconi and baritone Riccardo Stracciari. With the aid of a scholarship he also studied at Mannes College, New York, with Martial Singher (voice), Ralph Herbert (staging) and Emil Cooper (repertoire), and at the Conservatoire de musique du Québec à Montréal where he worked with Singher.

Quilico won the Nos futures étoiles competition on CBC Radio in 1953. He made his professional debut in 1954 as Rangoni in Boris Godunov with the Opera Guild of Montréal. He won the Metropolitan Opera Auditions of the Air in 1955 and made his New York debut with the New York City Opera, singing Germont in La traviata on October 10, 1955. Years later, in 1970, he sang the role of Nottingham in the Tito Capobianco production of Roberto Devereux opposite Beverly Sills, Plácido Domingo and Susanne Marsee.

On the international scene, Quilico made his debut in 1959 at the Spoleto Festival in the title role of Donizetti's "Il duca d'Alba." He made his debut at Covent Garden in London in La traviata opposite Dame Joan Sutherland in 1960, and remained a member of that company until 1963. He sang Rigoletto in his debut at the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow, in 1962. In 1963 Quilico made his Paris Opéra debut as Rodrigue in Don Carlos. He was a member of the cast for the premiere of the opera La Mère coupable by Milhaud, in Geneva in 1966. He also appeared regularly at the Vienna State Opera and the Teatro Colón in Buenos Aires.

In Canada, Quilico performed regularly with the Canadian Opera Company in Toronto, debut as Iago in Otello in 1960; later roles were Rigoletto, Macbeth, Simon Boccanegra, Germont, Amonasro in Aïda, Scarpia in Tosca, Enrico in Lucia di Lammermoor, etc. He also made several appearances on CBC notably as Macbeth (opposite Marisa Galvany) in 1973. Quilico also sang at the Stratford Festival, the Vancouver Opera, and the Opéra du Québec. He sang his last Rigoletto at the Opéra de Montréal in 1991.

Throughout the 1970s he performed in various centres in the United States, including San Francisco (Luisa Miller), Philadelphia (I puritani), New Orleans (Manon), Baltimore (Tosca). He participated in concert version of rare operas with the American Opera Company with Eve Queler at Carnegie Hall, notably Gemma di Vergy and Parisina d'Este opposite Montserrat Caballé. In 1972 he sang the title role in the Opera Orchestra of New York's concert performance of Gioachino Rossini's William Tell with Klara Barlow as Mathilde. Quilico reached the Metropolitan Opera in February 1972 when he replaced at short notice the scheduled Golaud (Thomas Stewart) in Pelléas et Mélisande. His official debut there took place on January 1, 1973, as Germont. In 1987, Quilico appeared in Manon opposite his son Gino Quilico, also a baritone, a performance notable for being the first of a father and son in the same opera at the Met.

During the Met's 1976 season, he debuted the role of the Bishop of Blois in their premiere of Massenet's Esclarmonde, repeating his earlier commercial recording of the same role from a year earlier.

Quilico was also active as a teacher. He taught at the Faculty of Music of the University of Toronto, 1970–1987, at the McGill University in Montréal, 1987–1990, at Philadelphia's prestigious Academy of Vocal Arts, 1995–2000, and the Glenn Gould School, Toronto. In 2000 his widow Christina Petrowska Quilico created the Christina & Louis Awards Fund at the Ontario Arts Council which gives awards to emerging young singers. One of his pupils was bass John Dodington.

With his wife, pianist Christina Petrowska-Quilico,, he embarked on a new phase of his career. The couple toured extensively in duo concerts and collaborated on his biography, Mr. Rigoletto: In Conversation with Louis Quilico and filmed a teaching video for York University. Quilico also continued his solo operatic career, performing Rigoletto for the last time in Ottawa in September 1994 with Opera Lyra (his 510th performance of the role). Quilico's appearances at the Metropolitan Opera during the 1990s included several of Pagliacci as well as Rigoletto, Tosca and Adriana Lecouvreur. He celebrated his 25th year at the Metropolitan Opera in 1996–97, and retired from that company in 1998. Analekta issued the Compact Disc entitled Mr. Rigoletto: My Life in Music (with pianist Christina Quilico) to commemorate the baritone's 75th birthday, and Captus Press released the 2nd edition of Mr. Rigoletto: In Conversation with Louis Quilico in 1998.

Personal life
Louis Quilico was married to Christina Petrowska Quilico,, concert pianist and Professor of Piano Performance and Musicology, author and artist, as well as step-father to two daughters, Dominique and Delphine. Lina Pizzolongo, pianist and vocal coach,(1925-1991) was his first wife. She was the mother of his son Gino Quilico and daughter Donna Quilico. Louis Quilico died on July 15, 2000, in Toronto, Ontario.

Discography

 * Donizetti, Il Duca d'Alba, conducted by Thomas Schippers, 1959
 * Verdi, Aida (excerpts), with Birgit Nilsson, Grace Hoffman, Luigi Ottolini, conducted by Sir John Pritchard, 1963.
 * Donizetti, Maria Stuarda, with Sills, Eileen Farrell, Stuart Burrows, conducted by Aldo Ceccato, 1971.
 * Bellini, I puritani, with Sills, Nicolai Gedda, Paul Plishka, conducted by Julius Rudel, 1973.
 * Massenet, Thérèse, with Huguette Tourangeau, conducted by Richard Bonynge, 1974.
 * Massenet, Esclarmonde, with Sutherland, Giacomo Aragall, Tourangeau, conducted by Bonynge, 1975.
 * Two of a Kind,  with Christina Petrowska Quilico, piano, 1996.
 * Chants Français et Russes with Christina Petrowska Quilico, piano, 1998.
 * Vocal Gems - Live from New York (live from New York), with Christina Petrowska Quilico, piano, 2003.
 * Mr. Rigoletto: My Life in Music, with Christina Petrowska Quilico, piano, and various orchestras, 2000.
 * The Most Happy Fella by Frank Loesser, with Nancy Shade, 1997–99.

title: Louis Quilico


text:
Alain Perrin

Alain André Christian Perrin (born 7 October 1956) is a French professional football manager and former player.

Perrin made his managerial breakthrough at Troyes, whom he took from the fourth tier to Ligue 1 and UEFA Cup qualification by winning the 2001 UEFA Intertoto Cup. He won the Coupe de France with Sochaux in 2007, and the league and cup double for Lyon a year later.

Abroad, Perrin worked for several years in Qatar and had brief spells in the United Arab Emirates and with Portsmouth in the Premier League. Internationally, he led China at the 2015 AFC Asian Cup.

Early life
Alain André Christian Perrin was born on 7 October 1956 in Lure, Haute-Saône.

Troyes
Perrin began his coaching career at Nancy in 1983, as junior coach to Arsène Wenger. He built up a reputation as a talented young coach whilst at the club, and was appointed to run the club's academy.

In 1993, Perrin had his first chance at management, taking over as manager of French National 2 (fourth division) club Troyes AC, quickly taking the club to Ligue 1 after three promotions in six seasons, and qualifying for the UEFA Cup. His side won the 2001 UEFA Intertoto Cup on the away goals rule after a 4–4 draw at Newcastle United.

Marseille
In May 2002, Perrin signed a three-year deal to succeed Bernard Tapie as manager of Olympique de Marseille. He was dismissed in January 2004 with the team in sixth, having lost 9 of their last 15 games.

Days after leaving the Stade Vélodrome, Perrin was linked to a number of managerial positions around Europe, including at Premier League club Southampton. However, in July 2004 he was named manager of Al-Ain in the UAE Pro League, and remained there for three months.

Portsmouth
On 7 April 2005, Perrin did move to the Premier League when he took over at Portsmouth; the club were in 16th place and four points above relegation with seven games to go. On 24 April his side beat rivals Southampton 4–1 in the South Coast derby, a result that contributed to Pompey staying up and Saints being relegated.

On 24 November 2005 Perrin was sacked by Portsmouth, having won only twice all season.

Return to France
Perrin returned to Ligue 1 in May 2006, taking over a Sochaux side that had just finished 15th under Dominique Bijotat. On 12 May 2007 he won the Coupe de France against former team Marseille, on penalties after a 2–2 draw; it was the team's first win in the tournament since 1937.

Perrin took over as manager of Olympique Lyonnais on 30 May 2007, after Gérard Houllier resigned earlier that month. In his only season, he led the club to a seventh consecutive Ligue 1 championship title, and retained the cup for the team's first double. He stepped down in June 2008 due to differences with the club's backroom staff.

He was rumoured to take over the position of French national manager, but it was confirmed on 3 July 2008 that Raymond Domenech would remain in the position. On 11 November 2008, he became the new manager of Saint-Étienne, and was fired on 15 December 2009.

Qatar
On 1 June 2012, Perrin decided to leave Al-Khor Sports Club to take up the vacant Qatar U23 position. His first assignment was to lead the team at the AFC Under-22 qualifiers, however the team were unable to make the tournament after they were knocked out in the group stages of the qualification process. Despite this disappointment Perrin continued to lead them into the 2012 GCC U-23 Championship where the team fared considerably better reaching the semi-finals of the tournament and eventually coming fourth overall in the competition.

On 20 December 2012, Perrin joined Al Gharafa and left just about two months after. In March 2013, he was appointed new head coach of Umm Salal to replace Bertrand Marchand. He resigned from his post on 30 September 2013 after losing twice in the first three games of the season.

China
On 28 February 2014, Perrin was named as new China national football team manager, replacing Antonio Camacho. He made his debut five days later in a 3–1 loss to Iraq in the last game of 2015 AFC Asian Cup qualification, but still made it through as the best third-placed team. At the finals in Australia, the team won all three group games before a 2–0 last 16 loss to the hosts.

In August, China finished second to South Korea on home soil at the 2015 EAFF East Asian Cup. The following 8 January, he left his job as the team sat in third in 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification following a loss at Qatar and two draws with Hong Kong.

Nancy
In April 2018 Perrin was one of 77 applicants for the vacant Cameroon national team job. On 27 October that year, he replaced Didier Tholot as manager of Ligue 2 club Nancy. On 28 May 2019, it was confirmed that Jean-Louis Garcia would be the new manager of the club from the upcoming season.

Honours

Troyes
 * UEFA Intertoto Cup: 2001

Sochaux
 * Coupe de France: 2006–07

Lyon
 * Ligue 1: 2007–08
 * Coupe de France: 2007–08
 * Trophée des Champions: 2007

title: Alain Perrin


text:
Government of Singapore

The Government of Singapore is defined by the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore to consist of the President and the Executive. Executive authority of Singapore is vested in the President but exercised on the advice of the Cabinet led by the Prime Minister. The President, acting as the Head of State, may only act in their discretion in appointing the Prime Minister, acting as the Head of Government; as well as withholding consent for the dissolution of Parliament; along with performing key checks on the Government in addition to the ceremonial duties of the Head of State inherited from the Westminster system. The Cabinet, consisting of the Prime Minister and ministers appointed by the President on the Prime Minister's advice, is responsible for heading the Executive through ministries and other statutory boards. At the end of the term or at any time during the term, once the President has consented to a request made by the Prime Minister to dissolve Parliament, Parliamentary General Elections are held to elect members of Parliament for a new term. The President, in their discretion, then appoints a Prime Minister who is a member of Parliament representing any political party or coalition of political parties who in their judgement is likely to command the confidence of the majority of the members of Parliament. The Prime Minister then forms the Government and, along with the Cabinet, sets the general direction and control of the Government for the next term.

A statutory board is an autonomous agency of the Government that is established by an Act of Parliament and overseen by a government ministry. Unlike ministries and government departments that are subdivisions of ministries, statutory boards are not staffed by civil servants and have greater independence and flexibility in their operations. There are five Community Development Councils (CDCs) appointed by the board of management of the People's Association (PA) for districts in Singapore. Where there are not less than 150,000 residents in a district, the PA's board of management may designate the chairman of a CDC to be the mayor for the district that the CDC is appointed for. As it is the practice for Members of Parliament (MPs) to be appointed as Chairmen of CDCs, these MPs have also been designated as mayors. There are currently five districts in the country.

From the founding of contemporary Singapore in 1819, Singapore was headed by two residents in succession. Following Singapore's amalgamation into the Straits Settlements in 1826, it was governed by a governor together with a legislative council. An executive council of the Straits Settlements was introduced in 1877 to advise the governor but wielded no executive power. In 1955, a Council of Ministers was created, appointed by the governor on the recommendation of the leader of the house. Constitutional talks between Legislative Assembly representatives and the Colonial Office were held from 1956 to 1958, and Singapore achieved full internal self-government in 1959. The governor was replaced by the Yang di-Pertuan Negara, who had power to appoint to the post of prime minister the person most likely to command the authority of the assembly, and other ministers of the Cabinet on the prime minister's advice. In the 1959 general elections, the People's Action Party (PAP) swept to power with 43 out of the 51 seats in the assembly, and Lee Kuan Yew became the first prime minister of Singapore. The executive branch of the Singapore Government remained unchanged following Singapore's merger with Malaysia in 1963, and subsequent independence in 1965. The PAP has been returned to power in every general election and has thus formed the Cabinet since 1959.

Terminology

The term Government of Singapore can have a number of different meanings. At its widest, it can refer collectively to the three traditional branches of government – the Executive branch, Legislative branch (the President and Parliament of Singapore) and Judicial branch (the Supreme Court and Subordinate Courts of Singapore). The term is also used colloquially to mean the Executive and Legislature together, as these are the branches of government responsible for day-to-day governance of the nation and lawmaking. At its narrowest, the term is used to refer to the Members of Parliament (MPs) belonging to a particular political party (or coalition of parties) holding a majority of seats in Parliament sufficient to enable the party (or coalition) to form the Cabinet of Singapore – this is the sense intended when it is said that a political party "forms the Government".

The Constitution of the Republic of Singapore uses the word Government to mean the Executive branch, made up of the President and the Cabinet. This article describes the Government of Singapore in this technical sense, as well as selected aspects of the Executive branch of the Government.

History
On 30 January 1819, Sir Stamford Raffles, an Englishman who was the Governor of Bencoolen (now Bengkulu, Indonesia), entered into a preliminary agreement with the Temenggung of Johor, Abdul Rahman Sri Maharajah, for the British East India Company to establish a "factory" or trading post on the island of Singapore. This was confirmed by another agreement signed by Raffles, the Temenggung and Sultan Hussein Shah on 6 February. In June 1823 Singapore ceased to be a dependency of Bencoolen and was placed under the control of the Presidency City of Calcutta (Kolkata) in the Bengal Presidency. On 24 June 1824, Singapore and Malacca were formally transferred to the East India Company, with the result that they came under the control of Fort William. Full cession of Singapore to the company by the Sultan and Temenggung was effected by a treaty of 19 November 1824, which was ratified by Calcutta on 4 March 1825. Between 1819 and 1826, Singapore was headed by two Residents of Singapore in succession, Maj.-Gen. William Farquhar and Dr. John Crawfurd.

In 1826, Malacca, Penang and Singapore were amalgamated into the Straits Settlements, which were made a Crown colony with effect from 1 April 1867. The colony was governed by a governor together with a legislative council. An executive council was introduced in 1877 by letters patent issued by the Crown, Composed of "such persons and constituted in such manner as may be directed" by royal instructions, it existed to advise the governor and wielded no executive power. The governor was required to consult the executive council on all affairs of importance unless they were too urgent to be laid before it, or if reference to it would prejudice the public service. In such urgent cases, the governor had to inform the council of the measures he had taken.

During the Second World War, the Japanese Empire invaded Singapore; the Japanese were victorious and set up their own government for a few years. Following the Second World War, the Straits Settlements were disbanded and Singapore became a Crown colony in its own right. The reconstituted Executive Council consisted of six officials and four nominated "unofficials". In February 1954, the Rendel Constitutional Commission under the chairmanship of Sir George William Rendel, which had been appointed to comprehensively review the constitution of the Colony of Singapore, rendered its report. Among other things, it recommended that a Council of Ministers be created, composed of three ex officio Official Members and six Elected Members of the Legislative Assembly of Singapore appointed by the Governor on the recommendation of the Leader of the House, who would be the leader of the largest political party or coalition of parties having majority support in the legislature. The recommendation was implemented in 1955. In the general election held that year, the Labour Front took a majority of the seats in the Assembly, and David Saul Marshall became the first Chief Minister of Singapore. Major problems with the Rendel Constitution were that the Chief Minister and ministers' powers were ill-defined, and that the Official Members retained control of the finance, administration, and internal security and law portfolios. This led to confrontation between Marshall, who saw himself as a Prime Minister governing the country, and the Governor, Sir John Fearns Nicoll, who felt that important decisions and policies should remain with himself and the Official Members.

In 1956, members of the Legislative Assembly held constitutional talks with the Colonial Office in London. The talks broke down as Marshall did not agree to the British Government's proposal for the casting vote on a proposed Defence Council to be held by the British High Commissioner to Singapore, who would only exercise it in an emergency. Marshall resigned as Chief Minister in June 1956, and was replaced by Lim Yew Hock. The following year, Lim led another delegation to the UK for further talks on self-government. This time, agreement was reached on the composition of an Internal Security Council. Other constitutional arrangements were swiftly settled in 1958, and on 1 August the Parliament of the United Kingdom passed the State of Singapore Act 1958, granting the colony full internal self-government. Under Singapore's new constitution which came into force on 3 June 1959, the Governor was replaced by the Yang di-Pertuan Negara (Head of State), who had power to appoint as Prime Minister the person most likely to command the authority of the Legislative Assembly, and other Ministers of the Cabinet on the Prime Minister's advice. The Constitution also created the post of the British High Commissioner, who was entitled to receive the agenda of each Cabinet meeting and to see all Cabinet papers. In the 1959 general elections, the People's Action Party (PAP) swept to power with 43 out of the 51 seats in the Assembly, and Lee Kuan Yew became the first Prime Minister of Singapore. Nine other ministers were appointed to the Cabinet.

The executive branch of the Singapore Government remained largely unchanged, although now it governed a state within a larger federation. However, with effect from 9 August 1965, Singapore left the Federation of Malaysia and became a fully independent republic. On separation from Malaysia, the Singapore Government retained the executive authority it held, and took on additional executive authority over Singapore that the Parliament of Malaysia relinquished. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the Supreme Head of State of Malaysia, also ceased to be the Supreme Head of Singapore and relinquished his sovereignty, jurisdiction, power and authority, executive or otherwise in respect of Singapore, which was revested in the Yang di-Pertuan Negara of Singapore. The Republic of Singapore Independence Act 1965 then vested the executive authority of Singapore in the newly created post of President, and made it exercisable by him or by the Cabinet or by any Minister authorised by the Cabinet.

The PAP has been repeatedly returned to power by voters and has thus formed the Cabinet since Singapore's 1959 general election. The Government is generally perceived to be competent in managing the country's economy, and largely free from political corruption. Transparency International's 2010 Corruption Perceptions Index, which compares countries according to the degree to which corruption is perceived to exist among public officials and politicians, ranked Singapore in joint first place with Denmark and New Zealand out of 178 countries. In addition, Singapore was second only to New Zealand in the Asia-Pacific region. On the other hand, the Government has been criticised for using unfair election tactics, such as discouraging voting for opposition parties in the 2006 general election by stating that wards that elect opposition candidates will receive state-subsidized improvements to public housing only after all PAP-held wards have been attended to. It has also been accused of violating freedom of speech through Ministers bringing defamation suits against opposition politicians, and by restricting the circulation of foreign newspapers deemed to have engaged in domestic politics.

Composition

The Constitution defines the Government of Singapore as the President and the Cabinet of Singapore. The executive authority of Singapore is vested in the President and is exercisable by them or by the Cabinet of Singapore or any Minister authorised by the Cabinet. However, the President normally plays a nominal and largely ceremonial role in the executive branch of government. Although the President acts in their own personal discretion in the exercise of certain functions as a check on the Cabinet and Parliament of Singapore, they are otherwise required to act in accordance with the advice of the Cabinet or of a Minister acting under the general authority of the Cabinet. It is the Cabinet that has the general direction and control of the Government. As Singapore follows the Westminster system of government, the legislative agenda of Parliament is determined by the Cabinet. At the start of each new Parliamentary session, the President gives an address prepared by the Cabinet that outlines what the Cabinet intends to achieve in the session.

Each parliament lasts for a maximum of five years from the date of its first sitting, and once a parliament has been dissolved a general election must be held within three months. Following a general election, the President appoints as Prime Minister an MP who, in their judgment, is likely to command the confidence of the majority of the MPs. In practice, the Prime Minister is usually the leader of the political party holding the majority of the seats in Parliament. The President also appoints other Ministers from among the MPs, acting in accordance with the Prime Minister's advice.

Ministries and responsibilities of Ministers
The Prime Minister may, by giving written directions, charge any Minister with responsibility for any department or subject. In practice, this is done by issuing notifications that are published in the Government Gazette. For instance, the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (Responsibility of Senior Minister and Co-ordinating Minister for National Security, Prime Minister's Office) Notification 2009 states:

"It is hereby notified for general information that, pursuant to Article 30(1) of the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore, the Prime Minister has directed that Mr S. Jayakumar shall, with effect from 1st April 2009, be charged with the responsibility for the following matters:
 * (a) national security issues involving or affecting more than one Ministry;
 * (b) Chairmanship of the Security Policy Review Committee;
 * (c) foreign policy issues involving or affecting more than one Ministry; and
 * (d) foreign policy issues which involve legal negotiation or international adjudication,

and that he shall be designated as Senior Minister and Co-ordinating Minister for National Security."

Ministers may be designated by the Prime Minister to be in charge of particular ministries, or as Ministers in the Prime Minister's Office. Such Ministers were formerly known as Ministers without portfolio. The Prime Minister may retain any department or subject in their charge. Some Ministers are appointed as Second Ministers for portfolios other than their own to assist the primary Minister in their duties. For instance, on 1 April 2009 during the 11th Parliament, Lim Hwee Hua, who was a Minister in the Prime Minister's Office, also held the posts of Second Minister for Finance and Second Minister for Transport.

As of 8 July 2024, the ministries of the Government are the following:

 * Prime Minister's Office (PMO)
 * Ministry of Digital Development and Information (MDDI)
 * Ministry of Culture, Community and Youth (MCCY)
 * Ministry of Defence (MINDEF)
 * Ministry of Education (MOE)
 * Ministry of Finance (MOF)
 * Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA)
 * Ministry of Health (MOH)
 * Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA)
 * Ministry of Law (MinLaw)
 * Ministry of Manpower (MOM)
 * Ministry of National Development (MND)
 * Ministry of Social and Family Development (MSF)
 * Ministry of Sustainability and the Environment (MSE)
 * Ministry of Trade and Industry (MTI)
 * Ministry of Transport (MOT)

A ministry is usually composed of a headquarters and a number of departments, boards or other subordinate entities, and statutory boards. For instance, in May 2007 the Ministry of Law had three departments (the Chief Information Officer's Office, Insolvency and Public Trustee's Office and Legal Aid Bureau), three boards and tribunals (the Appeals Board for Land Acquisitions, Copyright Tribunal and Land Surveyors Board), and two statutory boards (the Intellectual Property Office of Singapore and Singapore Land Authority).

Ministers of State and Parliamentary Secretaries
As in the United Kingdom and in a number of Commonwealth countries, Members of Parliament (MPs) may be appointed as Ministers of State to aid Ministers in the performance of their functions. In addition, the Constitution provides that the President, acting in accordance with the advice of the Prime Minister, may appoint Parliamentary Secretaries from among the MPs to assist Ministers in the discharge of their duties and functions. Such office holders are not regarded as members of the Cabinet.

Where in any written law a Minister is empowered to exercise any power or perform any duty, he may, in the absence of any provision of law to the contrary, with the approval of the President and by notification in the Government Gazette, depute any person by name or the person for the time being discharging the duties of an office designated by him to exercise that power or perform that duty on behalf of the Minister subject to such conditions, exceptions and qualifications as the President may determine. For instance, under the Delegation of Powers (Ministry of Law) (Consolidation) Notification, the Senior Minister of State for Law is deputed to exercise certain powers of the Minister for Law under the Copyright Act, Criminal Procedure Code, Land Acquisition Act, Land Surveyors Act, and Pawnbrokers Act; while the Parliamentary Secretary for Home Affairs is deputed the powers of the Minister for Home Affairs under regulation 157 of the Prisons Regulations pursuant to the Delegation of Powers (Ministry of Home Affairs) (Consolidation) Notification.

Statutory boards
A statutory board is an autonomous agency of the Government that is established by an Act of Parliament and overseen by a government ministry. The Act sets out the purposes, powers and rights of the agency. Unlike ministries and government departments that are subdivisions of ministries, statutory boards may not be staffed by civil servants and have greater independence and flexibility in their operations. They are managed by boards of directors whose members usually include businessmen, professionals, senior civil servants and officials of trade unions. The Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), the Central Provident Fund Board (CPF), the Housing and Development Board (HDB), the Intellectual Property Office of Singapore (IPOS), the Land Transport Authority (LTA), the Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore (MPA), the National Heritage Board (NHB), and the Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA) are all statutory boards.

The National Heritage Board is an example of a typical statutory board. It was established on 1 August 1993 with the enactment of the National Heritage Board Act. Section 3 of the Act states: "There shall be established a body to be known as the National Heritage Board which shall be a body corporate with perpetual succession and shall, by that name, be capable of—(a) suing and being sued; (b) acquiring, owning, holding, developing and disposing of property, both movable and immovable; and (c) doing and suffering all such acts or things as bodies corporate may lawfully do or suffer." The functions of the Board are:

 * to explore and present the heritage and nationhood of the people of Singapore in the context of their ancestral cultures, their links with South-East Asia, Asia and the world through the collection, preservation, interpretation and display of objects and records;
 * to promote public awareness, appreciation and understanding of the arts, culture and heritage, both by means of the board's collections and by such other means as it considers appropriate;
 * to promote the establishment and development of organisations concerned with the national heritage of Singapore;
 * to provide a permanent repository of records of national or historical significance and to facilitate access thereto;
 * to conduct records management programmes for the Government;
 * to record, preserve and disseminate the history of Singapore through oral history methodology or other means; and
 * to advise the Government in respect of matters relating to the national heritage of Singapore.

The board is empowered to "do all things necessary or convenient to be done for or in connection with the performance of its functions". Without prejudice to the generality of that provision, the Board also has power to, for example, develop and manage museums, archives, oral history centres and other facilities related to its functions; to advise and facilitate the preservation of historic sites; and to establish liaison with other museums, archives, oral history centres, universities and other institutions to secure maximum collaboration of all activities relevant to its functions.

The board consists of a chairman, a deputy chairman, and not less than 10 nor more than 25 other members as the Minister for Digital Development and Information may from time to time determine. The members of the board are appointed by the minister, and hold office for such term as the minister may determine unless they resign during their term of office or their appointment is revoked by the minister. The minister is not required to provide any reason for revoking the appointment of a board member. The minister may, in consultation with the Board or otherwise, give the board directions as he thinks fit that are not inconsistent with the provisions of the act concerning the exercise and performance by the board of its functions, and the board is required to give effect to such directions.

With the approval of the minister, the board is required to appoint a chief executive officer who is responsible to the Board for the proper administration and management of the Board's affairs in accordance with the policy laid down by the Board. The board is entitled to appoint employees and officers on such terms as to remuneration or otherwise as it may determine, and to engage other persons and pay for their services as it considers necessary for carrying out its functions and duties.

Community Development Councils and district mayors
The People's Association (PA) is a statutory board, the objects of which include the organisation and the promotion of group participation in social, cultural, educational and athletic activities for the people of Singapore in order that they may realise that they belong to a multiracial community, the interests of which transcend sectional loyalties; and the establishment of institutions for the purpose of leadership training in order to instill in leaders a sense of national identity and a spirit of dedicated service to a multiracial community.

There are five Community Development Councils (CDCs) appointed by the board of management of the PA for districts in Singapore, namely, the Central Singapore CDC, North East CDC, North West CDC, South East CDC and South West CDC. The functions of a CDC include fostering community bonding and strengthening social cohesion amongst the people of Singapore; and advising the PA on matters affecting the well-being of residents in districts, the provision and use of public facilities and services within districts, and the use of public funds allocated to districts for community activities.

Each CDC consists of a chairman and between 12 and 80 other members. Where the number of residents in a district is not less than 150,000, the PA's board of management is empowered to designate the Chairman of a CDC to be the Mayor for the district that the CDC is appointed for. As it is the practice for MPs to be appointed as Chairmen of CDCs, these MPs have also been designated as Mayors. As of 25 July 2020, the Mayors are:

The names in bold are the surnames of Chinese persons, and the personal names of Indian and Malay persons.

Even if Mayors are required to vacate their seats in Parliament because Parliament has been dissolved or otherwise, they continue to hold office until their terms of office expire or they are directed to vacate their office by the PA's board of management. the Mayors are paid an annual salary of S$660,000 (US$486,500).

title: Government of Singapore


text:
Agnadello

Agnadello (Cremasco: Agnadèl or Gnidèl) is a comune and village in the province of Cremona, Lombardy, northern Italy. It was the location of the battle of Agnadello in which Louis XII of France defeated the Venetians on 14 May 1509.

title: Agnadello


text:
Inverted Hungarian Opening

The Inverted Hungarian Opening or Tayler Opening is an uncommon chess opening that starts with the moves:
 * 1. e4 e5
 * 2. Nf3 Nc6
 * 3. Be2

It is so-named because the position of White's bishop on e2 resembles that of Black's bishop on e7 in the Hungarian Defense. "This opening is also known as the Inverted Hanham and was played most prominently by Tartakower against Bogoljubow at London 1922."

Description
The Inverted Hungarian is even rarer than the already very uncommon Hungarian Defense, although it is perfectly for White. It may appeal to White players who wish to avoid extensively analyzed double king pawn openings such as the Ruy Lopez, and to those who favor defensive positional maneuvering battles as also often result from the Hungarian Defense. With the advantage of the first move, White has greater latitude to play moves that are not objectively the strongest without incurring disadvantage.

Since White's third move 3.Be2 makes no threats, there are many satisfactory replies for Black. If White plays a setup resembling the Black side of the Hanham Variation of the Philidor Defense (3...Nf6 4.d3 d5 5.Nbd2), the opening is sometimes called the Inverted Hanham Opening.

After 3...Nf6, John Tayler introduced the line 4.d4 and published analysis in Chess, February–March 1981. The gambit was picked up by Michael Basman who further developed it, the critical line runs: 4...exd4 5.e5 Ng4 6.0-0 (6.Bf4 d6) 6...Be7 (6...Ngxe5 7.Nxe5 Nxe5 8.Qxd4 Nc6 9.Qc3 and Black has problems with ; Basman) 7.Nxd4 Ngxe5 8.f4 Nxd4 9.Qxd4 Ng6! 10.f5 (10.Qxg7 Bf6 11.Qh6!?) 10...Bf6 11.Qf2 Ne7.

title: Inverted Hungarian Opening


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Paradise.net

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was The result of this VfD was Keep. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 17:55, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Paradise.net
Looks like an advert to me, but I'm not sure. Robinoke 15:08, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Alexa rank of 2,350,102. Advert. Dave the Red (talk) 17:56, Apr 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. There are entries for American ISPs, and this is New Zealand's second largest. I don't see a reason to delete it. You couldn't really call it an advert either, but it does need to be cleaned up a bit. Loopy 19:56, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Sounds fair. I didn't know all the American ISPs had articles. Robinoke 17:03, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text: File:Limestreet.jpg

title: File:Limestreet.jpg


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Żoliborz

Żoliborz  is one of the northern districts of the city of Warsaw. It is located directly to the north of the City Centre, on the left bank of the Vistula river. It has approximately 50,000 inhabitants and is one of the smallest boroughs of Warsaw. Despite its small size, the district has many green areas and mostly consists of low-rise architecture. Historically an upscale neighborhood and home to Warsaw's intelligentsia prior to World War II, Żoliborz is the second most expensive residential district in Warsaw after Śródmieście.

History
In the 18th century the area belonged to the Piarists of a monastery in the nearby city of Warsaw. The monks started to parcel the grounds and allowed for the creation of various settlements on their fields, which were parceled between several villages. One of them was named Joli Bord (Beautiful Embankment in French, which was later transcribed to Polish language as Żoliborz). After 1831, the area was confiscated by Russian authorities, who erected the Warsaw Citadel there. The area was mostly unpopulated and even after the ban on construction of brick-made houses was lifted, it retained much of its rural character. After Poland regained its independence in 1918, the city of Warsaw started to grow rapidly and new areas were needed. In the 1920s, the area of Żoliborz was converted into a borough of Warsaw and the construction of new houses started. Until the late 1930s part of today's Żoliborz was built-up with houses notable for their modernist architecture. Open areas, parks and squares built there are regarded as fine examples of good urbanist architecture. Also, a so-called Żoliborz Oficerski (Officers' Żoliborz) was built up with villas for the officers of the Polish Army and other notable people of the epoch. Several star-shaped squares were built along the main axis of the borough, with the Plac Wilsona as the borough's centre and main transport hub. During the Warsaw Uprising, one of the first struggles took part in Żoliborz. After the Polish resistance was defeated by Nazi German forces, Żoliborz was spared the fate of the rest of Warsaw and survived the war with less damage than many other areas.

The district has traditionally been where the intelligentsia live. The names of its estates: Żoliborz Dziennikarski (Journalists’ Żoliborz), Żoliborz Oficerski (Officers' Żoliborz), Żoliborz Urzędniczy (Clerks’ Żoliborz) are derived from the former inhabitants professions.

Żoliborz has a lot of beautiful architecture: charming old villas and colonies - properties built in the 1930s by the socialist Warsaw Housing Cooperative (WSM), which used to have common laundries, kindergartens and dining-rooms.

The main site of interest in Żoliborz is St. Stanislaus Kostka Church with the tomb of Blessed Father Jerzy Popiełuszko, which during the last 30 years has been visited by approximately 20,000,000 people (among them John Paul II).

Neighbourhoods
According to the Warsaw's street marking system, Żoliborz can be further divided into three neighbourhoods:
 * Marymont-Potok
 * Sady Żoliborskie
 * Stary Żoliborz

Famous people born in Żoliborz

 * Elisabeth Jerichau-Baumann
 * Jarosław Kaczyński
 * Lech Kaczyński

Historical and notable sights

 * Churches and temples:
 * Monastery and School of Sisters of the Resurrection
 * Church of Lady Queen of Poland
 * St. Stanislaus Kostka Church
 * Infant Jesus Church
 * St. John Cantius Church
 * Cemeteries:
 * Powązki Military Cemetery
 * Monuments:
 * Polish 1st Armoured Division Monument at Inwalidów Square
 * Haller's 'Blue Army' Monument at Grunwald Square
 * Monument to AK soldiers fallen in the attack on Gdańsk Station
 * Monument to the Volhynia 27th Home Army Infantry Division
 * Priest Jerzy Popiełuszo Monument at Krasińskiego Street (corner of ks. J. Popiełuszki Street)
 * Stele commemorating Priest Roman Indrzejczyk at Inwalidów Square
 * Witold Pilecki Monument at al. Wojska Polskiego
 * Memorials
 * Memorial stone devoted to Jacek Kuroń in Stefan Żeromski Park
 * Plaque at Wybrzeże Gdyńskie Street commemorating soldiers 2nd Warsaw Infantry Division First Polish Army fallen during fighting for bridgeheads during Warsaw Uprising
 * The monument of the Sub-district II of Żoliborz „Żywiciel a” at ks. J. Popiełuszki Street
 * Mural at Marii Kazimiery Street commemorating David Bowie visiting Żoliborz. The British artist stayed in Warsaw in 1976 during a trip from Zurich to Moscow. Unnoticed by the crowd, he bought a vinyl record of the Śląsk Song and Dance Ensemble at Wilson Square (then Plac Komuny Square). That was an inspiration for the song Warszawa from the album Low. After the musician's death, a mural was created to commemorate the 40th anniversary of the visit.
 * Others
 * Warsaw Citadel
 * X Pawilonu Museum
 * Sokolnicki's Fort
 * Polish Army Museum
 * Museum of Polish History
 * Katyń Museum
 * Museum of Sport and Tourism
 * Culture
 * Biblioteka Publiczna w Dzielnicy Żoliborz m.st. Warszawy (local library)
 * Komedia Theatre
 * Wisła Cinema
 * Trzyrzecze Theatre

title: Żoliborz


text:
Olive branch

The olive branch, a ramus of Olea europaea, is a symbol of peace. It is generally associated with the customs of ancient Greece and ancient Rome, and is connected with supplication to divine beings and persons in power. Likewise, it is found in most cultures of the Mediterranean Basin and thence expanded to become a near-universal recognized peace symbol in the modern world.

In the Greco-Roman world

In Greek tradition, a hiketeria (ἱκετηρία) was an olive branch held by supplicants to show their status as such when approaching persons of power or in temples when supplicating the gods.

In Greek mythology, Athena competed with Poseidon for possession of Athens. Poseidon claimed possession by thrusting his trident into the Acropolis, where a well of sea-water gushed out. Athena took possession by planting the first olive tree beside the well. The court of gods and goddesses ruled that Athena had the better right to the land because she had given it the better gift. Olive wreaths were worn by brides and awarded to olympic victors.

The olive branch was one of the attributes of Eirene on Roman Imperial coins. For example, the reverse of a tetradrachm of Vespasian from Alexandria, 70-71 AD, shows Eirene standing holding a branch upward in her right hand.

The Roman poet Virgil (70–19 BC) associated "the plump olive" with the goddess Pax (the Roman Eirene ) and he used the olive branch as a symbol of peace in his Aeneid:

For the Romans, there was an intimate relationship between war and peace, and Mars, the god of war, had another aspect, Mars Pacifer, Mars the bringer of Peace, who is shown on coins of the later Roman Empire bearing an olive branch. Appian describes the use of the olive-branch as a gesture of peace by the enemies of the Roman general Scipio Aemilianus in the Numantine War and by Hasdrubal the Boeotarch of Carthage.

Although peace was associated with the olive branch during the time of the Greeks, the symbolism became even stronger under the Pax Romana when envoys used olive branches as tokens of peace.

Early Christianity
The olive branch appears with a dove in early Christian art. The dove derives from the simile of the Holy Spirit in the Gospels and the olive branch from classical symbolism. The early Christians, according to Winckelmann, often allegorized peace on their sepulchers by the figure of a dove bearing an olive branch in its beak. For example, in the Catacomb of Priscilla in Rome (2nd – 5th centuries AD) there is a depiction of three men (traditionally taken to be Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego of the Book of Daniel ) over whom hovers a dove with a branch; and in another of the Roman catacombs there is a shallow relief sculpture showing a dove with a branch flying to a figure marked in Greek ΕΙΡΗΝΗ (Eirene, or Peace).

Tertullian (c. 160) compared Noah's dove in the Hebrew Bible, who "announced to the world the assuagement of divine wrath, when she had been sent out of the ark and returned with the olive branch". with the Holy Spirit in baptism "bringing us the peace of God, sent out from the heavens". In his 4th century Latin translation of the story of Noah, St Jerome rendered "leaf of olive" (Hebrew alé zayit) in Genesis 8:11 as "branch of olive" (Latin ramum olivae). In the 5th century, by which time a dove with an olive branch had become established as a Christian symbol of peace, St Augustine wrote in On Christian Doctrine that, "perpetual peace is indicated by the olive branch (oleae ramusculo) which the dove brought with it when it returned to the ark." However, in Jewish tradition, there is no association of the olive leaf with peace in the story of the flood.

Modern usage
An olive branch, sometimes held by a dove, was used as a peace symbol in 18th century Britain, France and America. A 1729 portrait of Louis XV by François Lemoyne portrays him offering Europe an olive branch. An A £2 note of North Carolina (1771) depicted the dove and olive with a motto meaning: "Peace restored". Georgia's $40 note of 1778 portrayed the dove and olive and a hand holding a dagger, with a motto meaning "Either war or peace, prepared for both." The olive branch appeared as a peace symbol in other 18th century prints. In January 1775, the frontispiece of the London Magazine published an engraving: "Peace descends on a cloud from the Temple of Commerce," in which the Goddess of Peace brings an olive branch to America and Britannia. A petition adopted by the American Continental Congress in July 1775 in the hope of avoiding a full-blown war with Great Britain was called the Olive Branch Petition.

On July 4, 1776, a resolution was passed that allowed the creation of the Great Seal of the United States. On the Great Seal, there is an eagle grasping an olive branch in its right talon. The olive branch traditionally has been recognized as a symbol for peace. It was added to the seal in March 1780 by the second committee appointed by Congress to design the seal. The olive branch has thirteen olives and thirteen olive leaves to represent the thirteen original colonies. Later on, the bald eagle and bundle of thirteen arrows were added. The idea of the olive branch opposing the bundle of thirteen arrows was to "denote the power of peace & war which is exclusively vested in Congress."

The flag of Cyprus and coat of arms of Cyprus both use olive branches as symbols of peace between the communities of the country; it also appears on the flag of Eritrea. Olive branches can be found in many police patches and badges across the world to signify peace.

The emblem and flag of the United Nations bear a pair of stylized olive branches surrounding a world map.

The olive branch is a symbol of peace in Arab folk traditions. In 1974, Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat brought an olive branch to the UN General Assembly and said, "Today I have come bearing an olive branch and a freedom-fighter's gun. Do not let the olive branch fall from my hand."

Several towns have been named Olive Branch as a symbol of peaceful living, such as Olive Branch, Mississippi. Some Western given names and surnames, such as "Oliver", "Olivier" and "Olifant" allude to an olive branch.

title: Olive branch


text:
User:Ungtss/General notes

You've discovered my secret
...I'm a closet religious nut...Bwah ha ha!

I know that you won't agree, but I find my seemingly contradictory stances on Talk:Human and on the creationist pages consistent. In fact, I find it a confirmation of my stance that I am opposed by both creationists and by secularists. Anyway, I hope that you'll read my posts on the Talk:Human page and see what I'm trying to do there. --Goethean 16:51, 29 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * I really respect what you're doing on that page:). Thanks for fighting the good fight for npov on that particular front:).  Ungtss 16:54, 29 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Talk:Human
I deleted the comments from the assertion you moved. I agree with the move and the addition of an attribution, however weaselly ("Some people believe"). Thanks for your help, Ungtss. Tom Haws 15:01, Mar 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * No prob:). Ungtss 16:05, 30 Mar 2005 (UTC)

shark and helicopter
wow! I put that as my wallpaper on my desktop. Where the heck did that image come from? Whats the story behind it? Sam Spade Apply now, exciting opportunities available at Spade & Archer! 15:32, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * heya -- glad you like it:). i'm afraid i don't know anything about it -- just got it from a friend and thought it was cool:).  Ungtss 17:27, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

My wife thinks its fake, I think I'm gonna try looking into it. Its quite cool tho, esp. w your caption! I'm a fan of G.K. Chesterton as well, btw. Sam Spade Apply now, exciting opportunities available at Spade & Archer! 17:39, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * awesome:). yeah, i think it's probably fake too:).  keep up the good fight, bro:).  Ungtss 17:41, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Yeah, it's fake. It made the rounds on the web.  By the way, thanks for your support.  Lots of bullies running around. --VorpalBlade 17:44, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * My pleasure -- bullies aren't so tough when the numbers aren't in their favor:). Ungtss 17:47, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Support

 * Thanks. Does no higher up care about quality?  Can't you appeal to someone about such obvious off topic ad hominem attacks?  What is "rfc"?  Does my response on my page notify you of a message?  Is there any way to give someone an email address without making it public?  Sorry for all the questions.   --VorpalBlade 23:09, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * sadly, in my experience, the higher-ups just care about evolutionism:(. on all OTHER topics, the system works very well -- but creationism is, sadly, the exception.  to email somebody, you can go to their user page, and click "e-mail this user" in the "toolbox" at the bottom left of the page.  not CLOSE to too many questions -- it's nice to have some more sanity on board:).  Ungtss 23:18, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks. The thing is, in the real world, it looks like most people are starting to understand the real story and see the attacks for what they are- attempts to keep out the problematic evidence, like the fossil record and the Cambrian explosion.  Wiki is not the world, thank goodness. --VorpalBlade 23:32, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * you're absolutely right:). thank god most people are smarter than the evolutionists think they are:).  Ungtss 23:33, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Teach page
I am surprised by your optimism, given your previous experiences.
 * hope springs eternal:). i consider wikipedia a fantastic opportunity to explore and practice ways of compromising and synthesizing ideas with people whose views are diametrically opposed to my own.  i haven't quite figured out how to do it yet in the context of creationism, and i don't know that i ever will.  i've certainly encountered more blind bigotry in the past months than i thought was possible:).  but if we don't figure out how to transcend bigotry, then where will we be:(?  Ungtss 18:13, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I would rather work with people who show potential for being open minded and fair. Still no substantive criticism on the merits of the topic. Ironically, as I said, it's a metaphor for the topic discussed.
 * i hear that:). tactics: tools of the misinformed and dogmatic:).  Ungtss 18:54, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Human
Hey Ungtss, thank you for conceding the point about the sentence in the intro. That was very gracious of you. Perhaps we could revisit the point at a later date? My main concern at the moment is not to destabilize the intro, as we seem to have reached a sort of consensus. Maybe when it's more settled, we could revisit the issue of that sentence, because it's just a question of finding the right words and the right position for it. Again, thank you for your reasonable approach. Best, SlimVirgin (talk) 18:48, Apr 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * My pleasure:). thanks for being so open about your concerns with the sentence.  it helped me see clearly what was going on, where i couldn't before.  this is the second time you've educated me a great deal -- i am in your debt:).  Ungtss 19:18, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User:Ungtss/General notes


text:
Sudbury Town tube station

Sudbury Town is a London Underground station on the Uxbridge branch of the Piccadilly line. The station is between Alperton and Sudbury Hill, and is in Travelcard Zone 4. It is located on the border between the London Boroughs of Brent and Ealing, with its main entrance on Station Approach in Sudbury. The forecourt of the station is known as Station Crescent. The station serves Sudbury, which forms the western part of Wembley.

Sudbury & Harrow Road National Rail station is located around 350 metres to the north, while Wembley Central station, on the Bakerloo line and the London Overground line to Watford Junction, is around 1 km to the east.

History
Sudbury Town station was opened on 28 June 1903 by the District Railway (DR, now the District line) on its new extension to South Harrow from Park Royal & Twyford Abbey.

This new extension was, together with the existing tracks back to Acton Town, the first section of the Underground's surface lines to be electrified and operate electric instead of steam trains. The Deep level tube lines open at that time (City & South London Railway, Waterloo & City Railway and Central London Railway) had been electrically powered from the start.

The original station building was demolished in 1930 and 1931 and replaced by a new station in preparation for the handover of the branch from the District line to the Piccadilly line. The new station was designed by Charles Holden in a modern European style using brick, reinforced concrete and glass. Like the stations at Sudbury Hill to the north and Alperton to the south as well as others that Holden designed elsewhere for the east and west Piccadilly line extensions such as Acton Town and Oakwood, Sudbury Town station features a tall block-like ticket hall rising above a low horizontal structure that contains station facilities and shops. The brick walls of the ticket hall are punctuated with panels of clerestory windows and the structure is capped with a flat concrete slab roof. Sudbury Town station is a Grade II* listed building. Some of the original station signage uses the Johnston Delf Smith typeface, a wedge-serif variation of the standard London Underground Johnston typeface.

On 4 July 1932, the Piccadilly line was extended to run west of its original terminus at Hammersmith sharing the route with the District line to Ealing Common. From Ealing Common to South Harrow, the District line was replaced by the Piccadilly line.

The station was updated in 1986, in consultation with the Wembley History Society, the Thirties Society and GLC.

Services
The off-peak service in trains per hour (tph) is:
 * 6tph to Cockfosters (Eastbound)
 * 3tph to Rayners Lane (Westbound)
 * 3tph to Uxbridge via Rayners Lane (Westbound)

The peak time service in trains per hour (tph) is:
 * 12tph to Cockfosters (Eastbound)
 * 6tph to Rayners Lane (Westbound)
 * 6tph to Uxbridge via Rayners Lane (Westbound)

Connections
London Buses routes 204, 487 and H17 serve the station. Route 245 no longer stops at the station.

title: Sudbury Town tube station


text: Category:Banks of Fiji

title: Category:Banks of Fiji


text:
Audrey Niffenegger

Audrey Niffenegger (born June 13, 1963) is an American writer, artist, and academic. Her debut novel, The Time Traveler's Wife, published in 2003, was a bestseller.

Biography
Audrey Niffenegger was born in 1963 in South Haven, Michigan. At the age of two, she and her family moved to Evanston, Illinois, and she has since spent the majority of her life living in or close to Chicago. Niffenegger started writing books when she was six years old. Niffenegger completed her undergraduate degree at the Art Institute of Chicago where she worked on becoming a visual artist. After completing her undergraduate degree, she got her M.F.A at Northwestern University. Niffenegger is currently a professor in the Department of Creative Writing at Columbia College Chicago, where she co-founded the Columbia College Chicago Center for the Book and Paper Arts.

Niffenegger is also the founding member of T3 or Text 3, an artist and writer's group which performs and exhibits in Chicago. She is an alumna and board member of the Ragdale Foundation. She started making books herself by using processes such as intaglio and letterpress. She also wrote many novels which were produced on an offset press.

She founded Artists Book House. In 2024, Niffenegger announced that the center's home would be built in the Old Irving Park neighborhood.

Novels
Niffenegger's debut novel, The Time Traveler's Wife, was published in 2003 and was a bestseller. A film adaptation was released in 2009. Niffenegger has no intention of watching the movie because she stated that the characters are only truly hers in the book, not in the movie. Niffenegger originally conceptualized The Time Traveler's Wife as a graphic novel but realized that the time travel would be difficult to capture in visualizations. In March 2009, Niffenegger sold her second novel, a literary ghost story called Her Fearful Symmetry, to Charles Scribner's Sons for an advance of $5 million. The book was released on October 1, 2009 and is set in London's Highgate Cemetery where, during research for the book, Niffenegger acted as a tour guide. Though not as huge a commercial juggernaut as The Time Traveler's Wife, this book generally garnered more positive critical reviews and cinched Niffenegger's reputation as a leading novelist of ideas and atmosphere.

Niffenegger collaborated with Wayne McGregor on a balletic fable, Raven Girl (2013), performed at the Royal Opera House in London in 2013, 2015.

In 2009, she started working on a novel called The Chinchilla Girl in Exile.

In 2013, it was announced that there would be a sequel to The Time Traveler's Wife and in 2022 it was announced that title is The Other Husband set to be released in 2023.

Visual books
Niffenegger has degrees from the Art Institute of Chicago and Northwestern University. As an undergraduate student at the Art Institute of Chicago, Niffenegger created her own book arts major combining etching, letterpress arts and bookbinding. Her first project was called The Adventuress, which she self-described as "a novel in pictures". Niffenegger's second novel in pictures was titled The Three Incestuous Sisters which she created while completing her M.F.A. at Northwestern. These two novels in pictures were subsequently published by Harry N. Abrams. The Three Incestuous Sisters was published in 2005 and tells the story of three unusual sisters who live in a seaside house; the book has been compared to the work of Edward Gorey. The Adventuress was released on September 1, 2006.

The 2004 short story "The Night Bookmobile" was serialized in 2008 in "Visual Novel" format in The Guardian. "The Night Bookmobile" was published on October 1, 2010, by Jonathan Cape. Niffenegger intends "The Night Bookmobile" to be the first installment in a series titled "The Library". She is working on the second installment, called "Moths of the New World", about a stolen book.

Personal life
Niffenegger is married to cartoonist Eddie Campbell. Niffenegger and Campbell collaborated on the visual novel Bizarre Romance to celebrate the Comics Unmasked exhibit at the British Library. Niffenegger describes herself as "somewhere in the spectrum of agnosticism and atheism" and ascribes her disbelief to her Catholic background.

Novels

 * The Time Traveler's Wife (2003)
 * Her Fearful Symmetry (2009)
 * Raven Girl (2013)
 * The Other Husband (to be published in 2023)

Short stories

 * "Jakob Wywialowski and the Angels" (2004)
 * "Prudence: The Cautionary Tale of a Picky Eater" in the book Poisonous Plants at Table (2006)

Comics

 * The Night Bookmobile (2008)
 * Bizarre Romance (with Eddie Campbell, Abrams, 2018)

Artist's books
Visual books:
 * The Adventuress (1985)
 * The Spinster (1986)
 * Aberrant Abecedarium (1986)
 * The Murderer
 * Spring (1994)
 * The Three Incestuous Sisters (2005)

Non-fiction

 * Awake in the Dream World: The Art of Audrey Niffenegger (2013), with Susan Fisher Sterling and Mark Pascale

Anthologies

 * Ghostly: A Collection of Ghost Stories (Scribner, 2015). ISBN 9781501111198. An anthology selected and illustrated by Audrey Niffenegger. She also wrote the introduction.

Books Foreworded by Niffenegger

 * The Art of Neil Gaiman (with Hayley Campbell, Neil Gaiman)
 * Classic Penguin: Cover to Cover ( Paul Buckley)
 * Mr. Wrong: Real-Life Stories about the Men We Used to Love (Jacquelyn Mitchard, Harriet Brown, et al.)

Adaptations

 * The Time Traveler's Wife (2009), film directed by Robert Schwentke, based on novel The Time Traveler's Wife
 * The Time Traveler's Wife (2022), series directed by David Nutter, based on novel The Time Traveler's Wife

title: Audrey Niffenegger


text:
Lake Agnano

Lago di Agnano or Lake Agnano was a circular lake, some 6½ km in circumference, which occupied the crater of the extinct volcano of Agnano 8 km west of Naples, Italy. It was apparently not formed until the Middle Ages, as it is not mentioned by ancient writers; it was drained in 1870.

On the south bank are the Stufe di San Germano, natural sulphureous vapor baths, and close by is the Grotta del Cane. From the floor of this cave warm carbonic acid gas constantly rises to a height of 18 in: the fumes render a dog insensible in a few seconds. Remains of an extensive Roman building and some statues have been discovered close by.

title: Lake Agnano


text:
Bergesen d.y.

Bergesen d.y. ASA was a Norwegian shipping company, and one of the world's largest.

The company was founded by Sigval Bergesen d.y. (1893–1980). He was the son of Sigval Bergesen, who was also a shipping magnate, but in 1935 he broke with his father to form his own company. The same year he bought the tanker President de Vogue (renamed Bergesund), in 1937 Charles Racine and in 1939 Anders Jahre (renamed Bergeland). By the time of the war he then had three major tankers, though Charles Racine was hit by torpedoes and destroyed in 1942. Bergesen used the war to position himself in the market, and by 1950 he had four ships in his fleet, by 1955 the fleet had reached seven, and 16 by 1970. Two of its OBO ships, MS Berge Istra and MS Berge Vanga disappeared under mysterious, however similar circumstances in 1975 and 1979, and the company to this day keeps all information about the disasters secret.

In 1976 Sigval Bergesen d.y. was forced to retire for health reasons. Management of the company was handed over to his two grandchildren, Petter C.G. Sundt and Morten Sig. Bergesen. Ten years later, the company went from being a privately owned to a publicly traded company. Sundt and Bergesen sold their shares in the company to World-Wide Group in 2003, which rebranded into Bergesen Worldwide and then BW Group (BW).

Today, BW has 3,500 employees worldwide. It is the world's largest owner and operator of gas carriers, a business segment it moved into in 1978, and has a large fleet of liquefied natural gas (LNG) tankers.

title: Bergesen d.y.


text:
Ferhunde Erkin

Ferhunde Erkin (née Ferhunde Remzi) (June 8, 1909 – July 11, 2007) was a Turkish pianist born in Istanbul. Ferhunde Remzi started her first lessons in Bandırma with her father Ali Remzi Yiğitgüden's guidance when her brother Necdet Remzi Atak started violin lessons.

Ferhunde and Necdet later took lessons from several teachers in Istanbul, but mostly from Karl Berger. They gave their first recital in Galatasaray High School on March 20, 1920 when Istanbul was under occupation after the end of World War I.

With the advice of a music teacher, Von Kleibiner, Ferhunde and Necdet applied and received the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation scholarship and went to Hochschule für Musik und Theater in Leipzig. They finished the three-year school in two years and graduated in 1930.

Upon their return to Turkey both started as teachers at Musiki Muallim Mektebi (Music Teachers School) on April 7, 1931. Ferhunde Remzi met Ulvi Cemal Erkin on that same day. They married on September 29, 1932 and had two daughters.

She played in Berlin at wartime in 1943 with Berlin City Orchestra conducted by Fritz Zaun.

She played with Suna Kan from 1961 till 1967 on several local and international concerts.

Ferhunde Erkin retired in 1967. Some of her students are Hüseyin Sermet, Nimet Karatekin, composer Nevit Kodallı, Bilge Aydın, Kamuran Gündemir, Filiz Ali, Madlen Saydam, Tekin Alp Ulusoy and Zeren Dirim. She made the first playings of 22 piano concertos in Turkey.

Ferhunde Erkin received the Sevda-Cenap And Music Foundation Honour medal in 1999.

Ferhunde Erkin died in Istanbul, on July 11, 2007.

title: Ferhunde Erkin


text:
User talk:Dushyant

Welcome!

Hello,, Welcome  to Wikipedia! '''I hope you like working here and want to continue. If you need help on how to name new articles, look at Naming Conventions, and for help on formatting the pages visit the Manual of Style. If you need general help, look at Help and the FAQ, and if you can't find your answer there, check the Village pump (for Wikipedia related questions) or the Reference Desk (for general questions). There's still more help at the Tutorial and the Policy Library. Also, don't forget to visit the Community Portal — and if you have any more questions after that, feel free to post them on my New-Users' Talk Page.'''

Additional tips:
 * Here are some extra tips to help you get around Wikipedia:
 * If you made any edits before you got an account, you might be interested in assigning those to your username.
 * If you want to play around with your new Wiki skills, try the Sandbox.
 * Click on the Edit button on a page, and look at how other editors did what they did.
 * You can sign your name using three tildes, like this: ~~~. If you use four, you can add a datestamp too. Always sign comments on Talk pages, never sign Articles.
 * You might want to add yourself to the New User Log
 * If your first language isn't English, try Contributing to articles outside your native language

Happy editing! Could you add copyright messages to the images you've uploaded? Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 15:19, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Coorg-couple.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Coorg-couple.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then you can use GFDL to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, please read fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Longhair 14:47, 4 February 2006 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Coorgi-lady.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Coorgi-lady.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then you can use GFDL to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, please read fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Longhair 14:48, 4 February 2006 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Coorg-warrior-1851.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Coorg-warrior-1851.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then you can use GFDL to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, please read fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Longhair 14:48, 4 February 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dushyant


text:
Col Agnel

Col Agnel (Colle dell'Agnello) is a mountain pass in the Cottian Alps, west of Monte Viso between France and Italy which links the Queyras valley (Hautes-Alpes) with Pontechianale in the province of Cuneo, Piedmont.

At 2,744 m (9,003 ft), it is the third highest paved road pass of the Alps, after Stelvio Pass and Col de l'Iseran.

Despite being the highest international pass of the Alps, Col Agnel is somewhat unknown and not heavily used. It is one of the many passes suggested as the route taken by Hannibal in his march, with elephants, to attack Rome at the start of the Second Punic War and a modern-era plaque, mounted on a rock on the French side, commemorates the event.

Cycling
From Château-Queyras (France), the climb is 20.5 km long at an average gradient of 6.6%. From Casteldelfino (Italy), the climb is 22.4 km long at an average gradient of 6.5%.

Tour de France
The Col Agnel was crossed for the first time on 20 July 2008 during stage 15 of the 2008 Tour de France. The Col Agnel was crossed for the Second Time on 21 July 2011 during Stage 18 of The 2011 Tour de France.

Giro d'Italia
The Col Agnel has been crossed twice during Giro d'Italia.

title: Col Agnel


text:
User:Jung dalglish

Hello. I'm Thai Wikipedian.

&

title: User:Jung dalglish


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/More Magic Solutions

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 21:55, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

More Magic Solutions
Seemingly non-notable software startup. Not publically held, no entries on Google News. Shimmin 15:22, Apr 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Dhanakorn
 * Keep. The company was famous in Finland in the late 1990s for its innovativity and fast growth. It still exists in the USA and is doing rather well.   — J I P | Talk 06:55, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, 550 googles for a software company is below my bar. Radiant_* 12:27, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Did you google for both "More Magic Software" and "More Magic Solutions"? The company was already very active under its former name.   — J I P | Talk 12:41, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I get only 139 hits for "More Magic Software". I fail to see anything about the company that justifies a Wikipedia entry. On the other hand, it's not as if its presence hurts Wikipedia much, so I'm not actually voting. Gareth McCaughan 14:58, 2005 Apr 10 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Talk:Repeater (album)

Untitled
why are they considered a post hardcore band they helped evolve hradcore not take it beyond

Wouldn't it be kind of a good idea to merge this into the Repeater plus 3 Songs article that already exists? Most album reissues don't have their own pages. SchnappM 04:39, 8 March 2006 (UTC)

I agree. How do you do it?

Fair use rationale for Image:Fugazi-Repeater-3 Songs.jpg
Image:Fugazi-Repeater-3 Songs.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 08:23, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Repeater (album)