text:
Talk:Human/Archive 10

Being versus doing
Mel, SV, Tom-- Since what we are trying to do here is write an introduction to an encyclopedia article, the introduction should be concise and not reference primary writings which by definition are often research and hence belong in a subsequent subsection, Kant included. Agreed? A definition of a thing should in normal instances be relatively easy since it would be limited to listing easily agreed upon facts. But since some insist that the belief that humans are more than just biological entities but also spiritual entities (again a belief), our task is more difficult. We've all agreed that to include the belief that humans are spiritual entities in the intro it should be attributed to those that hold it. So, in writing the introduction, it helps to look at this functionally. There are two functional categories for the topic of human: what humans are (WHA), and what humans do (WHD).

Paragraph for WHA (What Humans Are):
 * Biology -relevant facts will be cited.
 * Spiritual - a belief that will be attributed to those that hold it.

Paragraph for WHD (What Humans Do):
 * Culture -to be semantically correct, everything humans do falls under the category of culture. That includes behavior: society, technology, language, religious practices and spiritual beliefs. Since some believe that the particulars of their spiritual beliefs are reality or transcend reality, that belief will be attributed to those that hold it. --FeloniousMonk 18:26, 31 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Sounds like a plan to me, FM. SlimVirgin (talk) 18:52, Mar 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * Sounds like a plan to me too. ≈ jossi ≈ 03:43, Apr 2, 2005 (UTC)

IMHO, it should also be mentioned that they are in mutual relationship, they are influencing each other. --Eleassar777 19:39, 31 Mar 2005 (UTC)

MIR space station
Sorry to disturb your metaphysical match with such a trivial issue, but I was just going to suggest that someone adds a reference to the years people spent on the Russian space station MIR into the Habitat chapter, right before ISS. As it is now, omitted, this looks like an article from a US counterpart to the Pravda, where the world on the other side of the Berlin wall doesn't exist :-) Hingo

 * Good idea, Hingo. By all means, go ahead. SlimVirgin (talk) 19:44, Apr 1, 2005 (UTC)

Thales
Thanks for adding the Thales quote and the Greek, Jossi. I moved it to the top of the self-awareness section as it seemed a good way to introduce that, but feel free to move it back. SlimVirgin (talk) 05:20, Apr 2, 2005 (UTC)

 * Looks good as is. Thanks. ≈ jossi ≈ 00:38, Apr 3, 2005 (UTC)

Culture, language, and emotions
I've done a general copy edit, and have moved birth and death, sexuality, body, and emotion higher up under the biology section, and gave language its own section. It would be good if culture, language, and emotions could be expanded. It would also be good to have a section on morality. SlimVirgin (talk) 05:24, Apr 2, 2005 (UTC)

 * From the article as it is now, one could infer that culture is almost exclusively related to religion. --Eleassar777 16:13, 2 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree. Rather than delete material though, we should probably add to it, so we should think about writing a section about culture from an anthropological perspective. There might be material in Culture that would help. SlimVirgin (talk) 19:27, Apr 2, 2005 (UTC)

 * Moved "Society" to "Culture" subhead. I propose also to move "Language" under "Culture" as well. ≈ jossi ≈ 01:02, Apr 3, 2005 (UTC)

That wouldn't be a bad idea. I was thinking it should have its own section as it's so central to what humans are, and of course is connected to the way we think and hence the idea of self-awareness. Perhaps you could move it to Culture for now, and then if we ever get enough material, we can give it a section of its own. Would that work for you? SlimVirgin (talk) 01:05, Apr 3, 2005 (UTC)

 * I just moved the Language section into Culture, but it didn't look like. We say that culture is values, norms, and artifacts, so it looks odd to then have language as part of it. I think maybe it should have its own section. SlimVirgin (talk) 01:50, Apr 3, 2005 (UTC)

Unclear sections
I've removed these two paragraphs from the article as they were unclear and unreferenced. If they're to go back in, they'll need references and a rewrite. I'd have rewritten them myself, but I don't know what the first is trying to say, and the second as it stands is false, plus the Pascal quote, if it is a quote, needs a citation, and should be in the Emotions section. SlimVirgin (talk) 19:27, Apr 2, 2005 (UTC)

"The rules of scientific classification require a description of an individual specimen of the species. In 1993, Robert Bakker formally described the skull of paleontologist Edward Drinker Cope in an attempt to make Cope the type specimen for Homo sapiens. Despite current requirements that the specimen be available to the describing scientist (Cope was born in 1840 and the scientist who described and published Homo sapiens, Carolus Linnaeus, did so in 1758), it is unclear as to the lack of validity of Bakker's publication and many consider Cope to be the type specimen."

"The mental ability of humans and their intelligence make them, according to Pascal, the most sad creatures of all animals. The ability to have feelings, such as sadness or happiness, distinguish them from the other organisms, even if this assertion can be hardly proved with animal tests. Humans' existence, according to most philosophers, configures itself as the search of happiness."

 * SlimVirgin, Blaise Pascal on his Penses (Pensées), wrote:

"Weariness - Nothing is so insufferable to man as to be completely at rest, without passions, without business, without diversion, without study. He then feels his nothingness, his forlornness, his insufficiency, his dependence, his weakness, his emptiness. There will immediately arise from the depth of his heart weariness, gloom, sadness, fretfulness, vexation, despair."

 * and this:

"All men seek happiness. This is without exception. Whatever different means they employ, they all tend to this end. The cause of some going to war, and of others avoiding it, is the same desire in both, attended with different views. The will never takes the least step but to this object. This is the motive of every action of every man, even of those who hang themselves."

 * This last one would be an appropriate citation for a section on Pursuit of happiness, a subject that it inextricably human, and sorely missing from the article IMO. ≈ jossi ≈ 00:53, Apr 3, 2005 (UTC)

 * We could also add a bit from Aristotle's Ethics, in which he discusses eudaimonia (happiness, to flourish). "Eudaimon" is composed of two parts: "eu" means "well" and "daimon" means "divinity" or "spirit." To be happy, according to Aristotle, is to be living in a way that is attuned to God, or well favored by God. This was one of the earliest mentions of what happiness is and/or what does it means to live "well". Quoting from a discussion of Aristote's Ethics from the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

"The biological fact Aristotle makes use of is that human beings are the only species that has not only these lower capacities but a rational soul as well. The good of a human being must have something to do with being human; and what sets humanity off from other species, giving us the potential to live a better life, is our capacity to guide ourselves by using reason. If we use reason well, we live well as human beings; or, to be more precise, using reason well over the course of a full life is what happiness consists in. Doing anything well requires virtue or excellence, and therefore living well consists in activities caused by the rational soul in accordance with virtue or excellence."

 * I've put your Pascal quote (about the emotions) into the Emotions section. I think it's a great idea to have a Pursuit of Happiness section. You might want to talk to Mel Etitis about that, as he's a philosopher and might want to contribute regarding Aristotle (and others). SlimVirgin (talk) 01:52, Apr 3, 2005 (UTC)

Consciousness
I am glad there is a new section on "Consciousness". I have made "Self-reflection"  a subsection of "Consciousness". It fits better there that standing alone, IMO. ≈ jossi ≈ 00:03, Apr 4, 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree; good edit, Jossi. The only thing I wasn't sure about was moving the paragraph that started "from a scientific point of view" into Psyche, as it isn't really about that. So I moved it back to Self-Reflection, but now both that and Psyche are subheads of Consciousness. Hope that's okay with you. SlimVirgin (talk)  00:35, Apr 4, 2005 (UTC)

Genetics
Thanks for adding the genetics section, Lexor. SlimVirgin (talk) 17:50, Apr 4, 2005 (UTC)

good times.
Anyone care to discuss Mr. Bensaccount's deletion of reference to the dispute by some over evolution?
 * Apparently you do, though you have not even bothered to say why. There is no reason to list various groups' opinions on origins here. Bensaccount 02:07, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * right. because there are not over a billion people in this world who carry a contrary opinion.  my bad.  i forgot.  carry on.  (i do hope someone from the other side of the aisle is willing to stand up for reason in this case).  if not, so be it.  nothing's a surprise anymore, i'm afraid:(.  Ungtss 02:15, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Sorry Ungtss, but people know when something is out of place. For example, there a quite a few people who don't believe in the moon landing, but they don't warrant a place in the astronomy article. Bensaccount 02:24, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * carry on, ben. carry on.  and take a look at the last paragraph of moon landing.  then compare the 6% that buy those claims to the 45% who buy creationism.  then go vfd a user page or something.  Ungtss 02:29, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't need you constantly telling me to carry on. Bensaccount 02:33, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * nope. you do just fine on your own.  Ungtss 02:35, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * The number of people who have misconceptions is irrelevant, by the way. Although your numbers are entirely fictional. Bensaccount 02:39, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * this discussion is over.      Ungtss 02:42, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't know what that is, but just so long as you realize you are wrong. Bensaccount 02:45, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Those less sympathetic to the bible might take some interest in his second deletion. Ungtss 01:51, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * check that. he reverted as soon as i told him what it actually meant.  Ungtss 02:02, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Bensaccount, I feel that this sentence: "Some religious groups object to the theory of evolution: see creationism, argument from evolution, intelligent design, creation (theology)" is fair enough and ought to stay. It's not in the intro or otherwise forcing itself to the forefront; and it's true, and relevant to that section. SlimVirgin (talk) 03:56, Apr 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree. Thank you, SlimVirgin:).  Ungtss 04:07, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I suppose you might be right on this one -- enjoy it Ungtss, it doesn't happen often. Bensaccount 15:10, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * On second thought, it is not so much that you are right, but more that the section in question is so incredibly uninformative that a bit of creationist propaganda is the least its problems. Bensaccount 23:48, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * That's actually true of a lot of this article. It states the obvious then goes no further. It's been a controversial article to edit, and I think people lost heart to some extent, and also perhaps didn't want to risk an edit war, so editing has been conservative. SlimVirgin (talk) 01:19, Apr 16, 2005 (UTC)

Neutrality Disputed
An article on humans by humans- ergo the talking about the uniqueness of itself and its high intellect and so on... and of course it speaks of culture, except that it knows no culture outside its own. hmmm... interesting... dont know if this is the reason for the "neutrality disputed" but it should suffice -Dwarf Kirlston

 * Why exactly is it disputed, and who wants what done so we can remove the dispute header? Sam Spade Apply now, exciting opportunities available at Spade & Archer! 23:39, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I'd like to remove it. The disputes have largely died down. SlimVirgin (talk) 01:21, Apr 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * i'd support that. page looks good to me.  Ungtss 01:51, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks Ungtss. SlimVirgin (talk) 01:54, Apr 16, 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm ready for it to go down too (from one who's been watching the discussion but hasn't participated in a while). — Knowledge Seeker দ 02:50, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * That looks like a consensus to me, so I'll take it down. If anyone thinks that's premature, by all means feel free to revert. SlimVirgin (talk) 03:17, Apr 16, 2005 (UTC)

Whatever happened to the dicussion about balancing the introduction and including some of the spiritual aspects of humanity? --Zappaz 03:39, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * People chose to stop it and I'm glad we did, because it had become unproductive. SlimVirgin (talk) 03:51, Apr 16, 2005 (UTC)

 * The discussion ended when Slim Virgin demanded that any additions—or at least those that she disapproves of—be documented "with reference to scholarly sources". One assumes that it will be the anti-religion crowd that will decide what qualifies. Tom has been diligently working on a proposal, but it's a tall order, and one that will most likely be met with dismissal. I see the outcome as the result of successful bullying on the part of SlimVirgin, Mel Etitis, and FeloniousMonk. The introduction continues to falsely present the biological viewpoint as the only legitimate perspective. --Goethean 18:05, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Yep! ---Rednblu | Talk 18:46, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

If something needs done, go ahead and do it, this article will need constant "balancing" forever. There is nothing we are less able to be objective on, every one of us is editing the article on ourselves, and our family history on this page. The key to NPOV is writing something all reasonable persons can live with. That often involves writing for the enemy, expressing a POV you don't like. No significant, verifiable POV should be excluded from this or any article, regardless of the demographics of the talk page. The key is to balance rather than adding alot of content; this page needs to be more of a hub for people to link from to pages regarding the specific facets of humanity. It’s especially important to keep in mind on a page with infinite potential such as this that were here to assist the reader rather than to express ourselves. Sam Spade Apply now, exciting opportunities available at Spade & Archer! 12:47, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Perhaps we should place the above text in bold at the top of the talkpage of every article where the 21st century cyberwars of religion and areligion rage on:). Ungtss 13:28, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Please ignore the above. Contrary to the opinion of these two users, it is possible to be objective, so for those just reading this page for the first time: aim for truth and clarity, and do not add POV to the page. It is against the policy of Wikipedia. Bensaccount 17:28, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I've seen how objectionable you've been above, is that what you mean by truth and clarity? I suggest you read NPOV since you obviously havn't. Adding verifiable POV's is what we are here to do, determining the "objective truth" isn't. Sam Spade 18:18, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Bingo. ---Rednblu | Talk 18:46, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I would state it differently, although it is most probably only a question of semantics. Perhaps not adding verifiable POV but ascribing verifiable POV. It is important to say who believes different things, to state sources. Please read this. --Eleassar777 20:05, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * If no effort is made to differentiate bias from objective truth, then NPOV is being violated and these users should be banned. Bensaccount 20:22, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Lets see what we've got here... a user (Bensaccount) feels they have a window to the "objective truth". Furthermore they see bias on the parts of others who lack this seeming advantage, and feel they should be...  Banned.

 * This says alot to me. It tells me that either User:Bensaccount is both a prophet and Jimbo's sockpuppet or... I'll leave that up to my fearless readers to decide. Sam Spade 12:22, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Read it again Sam. You are attributing to me something I didn't say. The question is: Do you try to differentiate bias; if not, you should be banned. Bensaccount 15:11, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Probably Bensacount is just a troll. (posted by User:193.77.253.47)

spiritual aspect of human
So the spiritual aspect of human died down? Sorry, but I've been closely monitoring the Terri Schiavo entry for spurious accusations and an defamatory characterizations of the people involved. Those of us working for balance have been insisting upon cited sources for accusations and claims differing from those of the courts.

Now that I’m seeing this (comment above) I have to say that an article on human that excludes the religious/spiritual aspect is akin to talking about the human body and leaving out a major organ such as the heart or brain. Whether or not I personally believe in the existence of a supreme being is irrelevant. That so many humans do believe in a higher power is. So, what happened to all those marvelous paragraphs describing spiritual beliefs in the summary? Wjbean 12:42, 2005 Apr 17 (UTC)

I didn't know there ever were any, I'll go look for them in the page history. When did you last see them? Sam Spade 12:48, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Words, not paragraphs.  November 1, 2004 through March 2, 2005.   (There was a brief time (October?) when the opening included paragraphs on religious perspectives, but this was short-lived).  Tom Haws 15:32, Apr 18, 2005 (UTC)

 * Sam. Look at Archive 9 under "Newcomers." Wjbean 14:44, 2005 Apr 17 (UTC)

 * Hmm ... i looked back at the proposed compromise under "Newcomers." It looks fantastic and npov to me -- could somebody clarify why it was rejected?  Ungtss 04:02, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * In a word? Filibuster. Edit as necessary ;) Sam Spade 08:22, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Weird revert
what was this about?

Sam Spade 08:21, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Sorry, it was either my mistake or a weird edit glitch. I thought I saw the edit as having changed lack of water leads to dehydration and thirst (implying that the second follows the first), to lack of water leads to thirst and dehydration (implying that thirst precedes dehydration, which would generally be wrong). However, there's no sign of that in the diff, which is odd. I'm about to do a copy edit anyway, so if the thirst thing is still there, I'll change it. Sorry for the confusion. SlimVirgin (talk) 08:27, Apr 18, 2005 (UTC)

No worries, just curious. Sam Spade 08:30, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

New sentence in intro
Hi Ungtss, I'm not sure I agree with your recent addition to the intro: "Other uniquely human enterprises include science, philosophy, religion, music, art, medicine, and law." We've already got philosophy in the final sentence of the intro, which I feel is an important sentence (written by Zappaz) as it mentions how traces of these debates can be found in the earliest historical records, and that's a good point to make; so it looks odd to have it mentioned again higher up in the intro. Also, the list begs the question as to why we choose these activities and not others. In addition, while the others are names of areas of study, religion isn't, unless you mean theology. Plus, we mention them all further down in the text. And finally, music is arguably not unique (whales). For all these reasons, I'm wondering whether that sentence introduces more problems than it solves. SlimVirgin (talk) 21:36, Apr 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Um ... okay:). excellent critique, and points all taken. in an effort to save the links, i moved it up to the section above.  i think this addresses many of your complaints.  while the word philosophy appears twice in the intro, it's in different contexts, i think (also, technology already appears twice, so i don't think this is a hard and fast rule) -- and your question begging argument applies to all the other activities listed (why language?  why technology?)  .  also, in removing any reference to "uniquely human," the whales can be included in "music."  any better?  my sole goal here is to provide reference to some of the "heights" of human activity.  what do you think?  Ungtss 21:41, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I think the new position might be worse: "Humans are distinguished from the other primates by an erect body carriage that frees the upper limbs for manipulating objects, and by a highly developed brain and a resultant capacity for abstract reasoning, speech, language, introspection, culture, society, technology, science, philosophy, religion, music, art, medicine, and law." The capacity for abstract reasoning, speech, language, and introspection are the things that have given rise to the rest, so we can't have them in one list as though they are the same types of things. Philosophy is something you do with abstract reasoning etc. Also, we say culture and society already. Speaking for myself, I'd prefer not to have this list in the intro, as I think it's in part repetitive and introduces complications. I felt that the intro as picked out by you, and added by Sam, plus the sentence from Zappaz, had expanded the intro enough, and it read quite well, and seemed well-formed. I take your point, though, about including some of the heights, Ungtss. I'm wondering if perhaps it should be a stand-alone paragraph at the end of the intro. SlimVirgin (talk)  22:34, Apr 18, 2005 (UTC)

 * There's also an extensive discussion on this in the archives. :-) Kim Bruning 22:39, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Should we perhaps insist all new editors review the archives in detail prior to editing? ;) Seriously tho, tremendous progress has been made, as the polite and amiable nature of this convo attests to. I tend to agree with Ungtss that a list of links to important aspects of humanity would be handy early on, but I also agree w SV that placement and accuracy are key... perhaps it can find a place in a new 2nd section? My intent w this article is for it to be a hub to link outwards from, rather than a detailed explanation in full of the sum total of human existence (God forbid! ;) Sam Spade  06:27, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * sounds good -- i like your idea of a standalone paragraph at the end of the intro -- i'll try again:). Ungtss 13:13, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Human/Archive 10


text:
Talk:Australian Federal Police

Establishment
I have removed from the article the following:

 * The AFP can trace it's origin to an incident in November 1917. Prime Minister Hughes was touring Queensland campaigning for conscription, which was unpopular, especially in Queensland. A egg was thrown at him, which generated a fight, in which the PM was injured. The local police refused to arrest the man who had thrown the egg, and the Premier of Queensland likewise refused, claiming that no state law had been broken. Enraged, Hughes gave orders for the establishment of "peace officers" under Commonwealth jurisdiction. (Reference - A Dictionary of Australian Folklore. Editor; Bill Wannan. Viking O'Neil 1970)

An event, of which I doubt the factuality (even if 'referenced'), that occurred in 1917 is hardly relative to the formation of the Australian Federal Police in 1979. In any case, the AFP, prior to the merging of the APS in 1981, was not responsible for the protection of officials, revealing the irrelevance of this statement.--Cyberjunkie 05:16, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

it has been recently re-added. i am not going to remove it as i don't know the actual story. however, it sounds factually wrong to me. throwing an egg at someone could constitute assault, which would breach "state" law. in any case, the federal constitution makes it clear that states can not ignore federal law (see section 109). i therefore can't see how the creation of an additional police force would have made a difference in that sittuation. in any event, i cannot find a single other reference to the event and note Cyberjunkie's comment that the AFP were only created in the 1970'. Xtra 04:52, 6 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I have removed this sentence in the introduction:

"The establishment of the organisation was partly motivated by the Sydney Hilton Bombing the year prior, which revealed the necessity for a national police force." McCulloch (2001) Paramilitary Policing in Australia tells that the establishment of the AFP was well under way before the bombing of the Sydney Hilton, but the Fraser government simply 'sold' its formation as a response to the bombing. stonemaccas 04:32, 4 September 2006 (UTC)

For the record: I am redoing this whole article and there will be a separate main page for a reasonably complete history of the AFP. Interested parties can see the work in progress at User:Ronnam/New AFP article/Australian Federal Police (history).
 * The egg throwing incident DID occur, it DID result in the formation of a Commonwealth police force in 1917, BUT this did NOT evolve in any way into the AFP. It was disbanded in 1919.
 * The APS did not merge with the AFP in 1981. The APS function was part of the preceding organisation/s merged to form the AFP in 1979.  It split from the AFP in 1984 and was merged back in 2002.
 * The Hilton bombing was a key initiator for the formation of the AFP. Previous initiatives for a Commonwealth police force had died.  However, a lot of the relevant policy WAS dusted off and reused.

Any comments, please below on this talk page at Talk:Australian Federal Police

Ronnam (talk) 06:55, 12 June 2008 (UTC)

Neutrality
It appears that this article is constantly monitored by the AFP and all contentious issues are removed. This is NOT the home page of the AFP. Thousands of column inches of Australian and International Newspapers have been devoted to AFP mishandling of numerous issues in the past two years, and yet no such references are allowed to remain on this page. Vanuatuapt (talk) 04:39, 1 June 2008 (UTC)

When you say "appears" you are being a bit vague, can you cite sources? MrZanzi (talk) 06:47, 7 October 2009 (UTC)

I propose an article to be created "controversy" listing the issues mentioned in the media about the AFP. I don't know about the editorial process on wikipedia, so my plan is to talk about Haneef and Martens. I'm going to leave a week if anyone disagrees. Then I'll write the section in accordance with NPOV, leave a week for discussion and edit the article.--124.168.23.174 (talk) 13:15, 15 November 2009 (UTC)

Removing the "See Also" section
I propose to remove the entire "See Also" section. I fail to see the relavence to the article. These sort of interconnections should be made through categories or links in the prose. Comments? --Martyman- (talk) 01:10, 8 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Those links that are directly relevant to the AFP should remain. Xtra 02:45, 8 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Which ones are they? --Martyman- (talk) 05:02, 8 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Of those that are currently there I can't see any. But that does not mean that there are not any. Xtra 07:25, 8 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Exactly, I have no problem with a "See Also" section existing, it is just all the links in this one are pointless. It can be re-added if anyone comes up with a link that actually should be there. I am going to go ahead and remove it. --Martyman- (talk) 08:03, 8 January 2006 (UTC)

Role of APS / AFP-PS
"A branch of the AFP, the AFP Protective Service, is primarily responsible for protecting diplomatic representatives and crucial witnesses, but also:"...

APS have nothing to do with witness protection, and do not protect "diplomatic representatives".

APS's protection role is limited to the protection of buildings.

Sworn police are responsible for both "Witness Protection" and "Close Personal Protection" within the AFP (despite the efforts of certain persons within APS).

- This person should really do their home work and if he/she did they would know that the old APS and AFPPS do close personal protection of IPP and not just buildings. The person who wrote this is another pissed off police officer guessing what the AFPPS do. If you don't know ask.

--- Strongly support the first comments. There's not the slightest interest in what the APS do from sworn AFP officers, you can talk up CTFR (whatever that means) and all that jazz as much as you like. He was just saying it like it was. Sorry, you can dream but sworn AFP officers are responsible for Close Personal Protection duties as well as all the other AFP work that really matters. Yep you read it right, "APS".

-- This needs to stop. The person who made these comments should be ashamed as this reflects on more than your own need to stroke your ego and feather your insecurity. The APS no longer exists, nor does AFPPS, get over it. This was decided above your pay level so lets make this page reflect a professional body. Everyone is sick of this bigotry.

AFP Museum
How about some information on the AFP museum that was burnt down in the canberra bush fires.
 * The museum did NOT burn down. The small arms firing range building next door did though.  The fire did burn up to the windows of several other buildings on the site, which inclduded the museum. Ronnam (talk) 23:10, 27 May 2008 (UTC)

Major upgrade of article
I am looking at doing a major upgrade of this article over the next couple of months.

To avoid any edit conflicts, if I could ask that issues and ideas for changes to this article could be raised here, so that I can properly include them.

Ronnam (talk) 23:14, 27 May 2008 (UTC)

 * I have commenced a rewrite of the 'Australian Protective Service' article, restricting it to dealing with the agency as it existed between 1984 and 2004. Please consider dealing with the uniformed protection and aviation security functions pre-84 and post-04 within your revision of the AFP entry; happy to assist if requested. Cheers, Stepat (talk) 06:08, 21 July 2008 (UTC)

 * The more I look at it the bigger the task is! So if you can provide content as per your offer/s it would be good - perhaps an open collaboration - it might also keep me going.  I was just starting to think about reneging as it looked like turning out to be a bit too much to do properly in a reasonable time frame! Ronnam (talk) 02:34, 23 July 2008 (UTC)

 * No problem, happy to help! Stepat (talk) 05:19, 27 July 2008 (UTC)

 * newman78 Hi all - I started with a few erroneous issues and just kept editing - I'm more than happy for my changes to be refined/reverted, but felt that since this site has been listed for a major revamp for a long time now, it needed some work. There should be some discussion about organising the information into the portfolios of the organisation, rather than the technical classification of roles (ranks/titles) as the functions show the work being undertaken by this police force. The reason I began working on the site was the premature change of Commissioner - this will ocur on 7 September 2009 when the Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia swears in the new Commissioner. Newman78 (talk) 05:12, 1 September 2009 (UTC)

Please review the ISSUES items; Crime and Terrorism gets a listing but alcoholism does not
Pages like these should include a section showing the amount spent by tax payers for police to drive past a bottleshop run by army officer that sells grog to violent intoxicated alcoholics on credit. The AFP refuse to enforce the law - instead they drive past the bottleshop to social housing complexes less than 100m away.

It is a turn-key event where police make loads of money while the victims are assured no compo or actual law enforcement (unless they are female or wealthy).

The local government has created laws to allow secret political donations in return for a total lack of alcohol management, or forcing violent alcoholics to take medication by court order/s.

Nope - instead we have 40 year old violent alcoholic pensioners created by a wholesale business model that exploits both addictions and all victims of the alcoholism (including anyone that has to wait for service in emergency departments because staff are dealing with physical assaults).

Seems the tax payer needed at least 5 new special AFP departments for TERRORISM, not alcoholism that costs lives and at least 31b a year. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 144.138.240.116 (talk) 02:21, 1 May 2011 (UTC)

Rank badges
This page is missing the newly nominated rank of Leading Senior Constable (by Comm Negus in 2011) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 210.9.136.236 (talk) 09:17, 7 August 2012 (UTC)

New Criticism section
I have just started one. This is not an attack on the AFP, but any police force will have a few skeletons, and they should be taken out of the cupboard to try to prevent them happening again.

Please help me ensure that this section does not disappear. Tuntable (talk) 23:01, 11 November 2013 (UTC)

Martens Deletion
People might like to comment on the proposal to delete the Martens article. Articles for deletion/Frederic Arthur Martens Tuntable (talk) 01:30, 14 November 2013 (UTC)

Why isn't there a Federal Police Minister
Why isn't there a Federal Police Minister with that exact title.

Why do the States and Territories have Police Ministers while responsibilities for the Australian Federal Police belongs to the Justice Minister?122.108.156.100 (talk) 21:15, 28 November 2015 (UTC)

 * Portfolios typically cover a range of matters, and not all of them can be reflected in the titles (although we still fondly remember the "Minister for the Arts, Sport, the Environment, Tourism and Territories"). There used to be separate Ministers for the Army, the Navy, Air (not the Air Force, mind you, just Air), and Defence, but they're now all rolled into one.  Since Defence (generally) was seen as separate from each of the armed services, why isn't there a "Minister for Defence, the Army, the Navy and the Air Force"?  Given that the Australian Bureau of Statistics is under the Treasury portfolio, why isn't there a Minister for Statistics? I could go on at length, but I think I've made my point.
 * The key to these things is the Administrative Arrangements Order, which is a document signed by the Governor-General on the advice of the Prime Minister, specifying which matters each portfolio/department covers and which specific legislation each minister has responsibility for administering. Worth a look.  --   Jack of Oz   [pleasantries]  00:19, 29 November 2015 (UTC)

Appropriate forum for behaviour of police
There have been a number of edits to this talk page complaining about the behaviour of the Australian Federal Police.

This page is for discussion about the content of the article, and is not an effective or appropriate place to try to address issues about the police force itself. This is an encyclopedia and it is not able to assist in resolving issues, real or perceived, with the police force itself.

If you have issues with the police force itself, and-or its members, you need to report them via the AFP website, specifically, Feedback and Complaints.

Or you can contact the Commonwealth Law Enforcement Ombudsman.

Or you can contact the Australian Commission for Law Enforcement Integrity. Aoziwe (talk) 14:14, 12 September 2016 (UTC)

Above link has a 404 page not found....

— Preceding unsigned comment added by 124.176.69.45 (talk) 09:42, 8 October 2016 (UTC)

 * I have just checked all three links and they work correctly Aoziwe (talk) 14:08, 8 October 2016 (UTC)

You can report a crime by a member of the ACT police via Feedback and Complaints, corruption or not corruption.

There is Crime Stoppers to report any information related to any criminal matter, perpetrated by anyone, corruption or not corruption, anonymously if you wish.

And there is reporting a crime in the ACT or Further contact details

Aoziwe (talk) 12:12, 13 October 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 6 one external links on Australian Federal Police. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090710162452/http://www.afp.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/89127/AFPAnrep2007-08.pdf to http://www.afp.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/89127/AFPAnrep2007-08.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20101226030624/http://ag.gov.au/www/agd/rwpattach.nsf/VAP/(3A6790B96C927794AF1031D9395C5C20)~08+PBS+10_11+AFP.pdf/$file/08+PBS+10_11+AFP.pdf to http://www.ag.gov.au/www/agd/rwpattach.nsf/VAP/(3A6790B96C927794AF1031D9395C5C20)~08+PBS+10_11+AFP.pdf/$file/08+PBS+10_11+AFP.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090903224544/http://www.afp.gov.au:80/about/our_organisation.html to http://www.afp.gov.au/about/our_organisation.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070829132652/http://www.afp.gov.au/about/framework.html to http://www.afp.gov.au/about/framework.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20091021163714/https://www.afp.gov.au/about/framework/ministerial_direction.html to http://www.afp.gov.au/about/framework/ministerial_direction.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090819044827/http://www.pm.gov.au:80/node/6117 to http://www.pm.gov.au/node/6117

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 22:07, 21 October 2016 (UTC)

false impression from concealment of factual evidence - hello fake news company
No such organization as described by the wiki entry actually exists in reality. There are NO facts from a court system where the police settle sexual abuse cases made against the police in some kind of out non-pubic-court-process and under condition of keeping the case a secret — Preceding unsigned comment added by 121.217.119.121 (talk) 14:24, 18 January 2017 (UTC)
 * Please provide some sources such a newspaper stories, or journal articles that talk about this. Then someone can write about it in the article.  But we don't include information that one person has discovered by themselves, as that is WP:original research. Ditto Graeme Bartlett as per Talk:ACT Policing.   Aoziwe (talk) 11:17, 11 February 2017 (UTC)

End of life advance care planning is taken care of by a social network operating within the AFP
health checks are performed for all those admitted by police to hospitals which can use out of date information to determine the subject of protective custody is able to move on though the process and this determines their care which can for a matter of instance not include surgery results, abnormal ecg test results, etc — Preceding unsigned comment added by 121.216.199.40 (talk) 20:36, 11 March 2017 (UTC)
 * Please provide some sources such a newspaper stories, or journal articles that talk about this. Then someone can write about it in the article. But we don't include information that one person has discovered by themselves, as that is WP:original research. Aoziwe (talk) 11:36, 12 March 2017 (UTC)

Criticisms section
Some of the items in this section doesn't contain any criticism, such as The Bali Nine; others seem to be misdirected, shouldn't the court that issued the warrant be blamed for the Raids on media; others are unsourced. Creuzbourg (talk) 21:22, 9 September 2019 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Australian Federal Police


text:
Josef Feigelson

Josef Feigelson (born 1954) is a concert cellist living in the United States.

Biography
Feigelson was born in 1954 in Latvia. He is a former student of Mstislav Rostropovich and Natalia Gutman, and the winner of the International Tchaikovsky Competition and International Bach Competition. He performs as a soloist across the U.S. and Europe. Feigelson has recorded the unique 24 Preludes and four solo sonatas of Mieczysław Weinberg, among other music.

Since making his New York orchestral debut in 1988, when he stepped in on short notice to substitute for ailing violinist Nathan Milstein with the New York Chamber Symphony, Feigelson he has performed at virtually every major hall in New York City, as well as Orchestra Hall in Chicago and the Kennedy Center in Washington, D.C. He was guest soloist with the Pittsburgh Symphony, Detroit Symphony, Seattle Symphony, Chicago Sinfonietta, Brooklyn Philharmonic, Richmond Symphony, Charleston Symphony, and Knoxville Symphony among others. In 1990, the cellist received the Avery Fisher Career Grant given to outstanding instrumentalists.

In Europe, Feigelson has taken numerous tours of France, Germany and other Central and Eastern European countries, participating in the Schleswig-Holstein and Handelfestspiele festivals, the Tuscany Festival in Italy, Musiktreffen in St.Moritz, Switzerland, the Bach Festival in Madeira, the Rostropovich and Summertime festivals in Latvia, and many other orchestral and recital performances in the United Kingdom, Austria, Netherlands, Czech Republic, Israel, and the Baltic countries. Feigelson has also appeared on television and radio, including on NPR's Performance Today. His 1996 performance of the Dvořák Cello Concerto with the Detroit Symphony under Neeme Järvi was recorded for Eurobroadcast and aired on radio stations internationally.

Feigelson has collaborated with some of the world's best known musicians, such as soprano Barbara Hendricks, pianists Vladimir Feltsman and Bella Davidovich, violinist Oleh Krysa, violist Yuri Bashmet, and conductors Neeme Järvi, Gennady Rozhdestvennsky, Lukas Foss, Lawrence Foster, Gerard Schwarz, Andre Raphel Smith, David Amram and Moshe Atzmon. His repertoire includes more than 50 works for cello and orchestra, an equal amount of sonatas and other music including his own transcriptions. A fervent advocate of overlooked music, he made a 1996 world premiere of Mieczysław Weinberg's unique 24 Cello Preludes and subsequently recorded it along with the composer's Four Cello Sonatas for the Naxos label. In addition to performing, Feigelson has offered master classes for string players and ensembles at the Aspen Music Festival, Chautauqua Institution, Detroit Civic Orchestra, Rutgers University, Waterloo Festival, and other venues in the U.S. and abroad. He is a founder and artistic director of Kindred Spirits Arts Programs, Preludes of Pont-Aven, and The Stravinsky Circle.

title: Josef Feigelson


text:
Kindersley (federal electoral district)

Kindersley was a federal electoral district in Saskatchewan, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1917 to 1968. It was created in 1914 from Battleford, Moose Jaw and Saskatoon ridings. It was abolished in 1966 when it was redistributed into Battleford—Kindersley and Swift Current—Maple Creek ridings.

Members of Parliament
This riding elected the following members of Parliament:

 * 1) Edward Thomas Wordon Myers, Unionist (1917–1921)
 * 2) Archibald M. Carmichael, Progressive (1921–1935)
 * 3) Otto Buchanan Elliott, Social Credit (1935–1940)
 * 4) Charles Albert Henderson, Liberal (1940–1945)
 * 5) Frank Eric Jaenicke, Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (1945–1949)
 * 6) Fred Larson, Liberal (1949–1953)
 * 7) Merv Johnson, C.C.F. (1953–1958)
 * 8) Robert Hanbidge, Progressive Conservative (1958–1963)
 * 9) Reg Cantelon, Progressive Conservative (1963–1968)

title: Kindersley (federal electoral district)


text:
Drayton Valley-Calmar

Drayton Valley-Calmar was a provincial electoral district in Alberta, Canada, mandated to return a single member to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta using the first-past-the-post method of voting from 1993 to 2012.

It elected a Progressive-Conservative MLA in each election from 1990s to 2012.

2004
Voters had the option of selecting four candidates on the ballot

2004 student vote results
On November 19, 2004 a student vote was conducted at participating Alberta schools to parallel the 2004 Alberta general election results. The vote was designed to educate students and simulate the electoral process for persons who have not yet reached the legal majority. The vote was conducted in 80 of the 83 provincial electoral districts with students voting for actual election candidates. Schools with a large student body that reside in another electoral district had the option to vote for candidates outside of the electoral district then where they were physically located.

title: Drayton Valley-Calmar


text:
Calgary-Shaw

Calgary-Shaw is a provincial electoral district in Alberta, Canada. The district is one of 87 current districts mandated to return a single member to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta using the first past the post method of voting.

This urban riding was created from parts of Calgary-Fish Creek and Calgary-Glenmore in the 1986 boundary redistribution. It covers the central southern portion of city of Calgary, and has seen its borders change numerous times since it was created. The riding in its current boundaries contains the neighbourhoods of Shawnessy, Somerset, Silverado, Chaparral, Walden and Legacy.

The riding was named after former Liberal leader Joseph Tweed Shaw.

History
The electoral district was created in the 1986 boundary redistribution from the south end of Calgary-Glenmore and the west half of Calgary-Fish Creek. Over the years the riding boundaries have caused the riding to shift southward from its original boundaries.

The 2003 boundary redistribution caused the riding to be split east of the Bow River into the electoral district of Calgary-Hays.

The 2010 boundary redistribution saw all land south of Alberta Highway 22X move into the electoral district of Calgary-South East. The west boundaries with Calgary-Lougheed were altered in the northwest corner to gain land in the community of Millrise and the Shawnee Slopes golf course from Lougheed.

Representation history
The electoral district was created in the 1986 boundary redistribution. The election that year saw Progressive Conservative candidate Jim Dinning win with a landslide majority. He ran for a second term in the 1989 general election and won a bigger popular vote but his percentage decreased.

The 1993 boundary redistribution changed the boundaries for Calgary-Shaw. Dinning ran in the new electoral district of Calgary-Lougheed for the 1993 election and won. The election in this district saw former Calgary alderman Jon Havelock run as the Progressive Conservative candidate and win a landslide. He won his second term in the 1997 general election with an even bigger landslide taking 78% of the popular vote. He retired from provincial office at dissolution of the legislature in 2001.

The 2001 general election saw Progressive Conservative candidate Cindy Ady win the largest majority in Alberta history. She became the first candidate to top 20,000 votes and took over 80%. She ran for a second term in office in the 2004 general election. She lost almost 14,000 voters from 2001 but still took the district with 63%.

Premier Ed Stelmach appointed Ady in 2007 to the cabinet with the junior portfolio of Associate Minister of Tourism Promotion. She was promoted to be a full minister in 2008. Ady was re-elected to her third term in the 2008 general election taking just over half the popular vote.

In the 2012 general election Jeff Wilson of the Wildrose Party was elected. In 2014 Jeff Wilson left the Wildrose Party and crossed the floor of the Alberta Legislature to sit with the Progressive Conservative Party.

In the 2015 general election Graham Sucha of the New Democratic Party was elected with 31% of the vote.

2004
Voters had the option of selecting four candidates on the ballot.

Student vote results
On November 19, 2004 a student vote was conducted at participating Alberta schools to parallel the 2004 Alberta general election results. The vote was designed to educate students and simulate the electoral process for persons who had not yet reached the legal majority. The vote was conducted in 80 of the 83 provincial electoral districts with students voting for actual election candidates. Schools with a large student body that reside in another electoral district had the option to vote for candidates outside of the electoral district than where they were physically located.

title: Calgary-Shaw


text:
Edmonton-Ellerslie

Edmonton-Ellerslie is a provincial electoral district in Alberta, Canada. It is mandated to return a single member to the Legislative Assembly.

History
The 2010 boundary redistribution saw the riding shrink on its north boundary to Anthony Henday Drive from roughly 34 Avenue, losing some land to Mill Woods and Edmonton-Mill Creek.

Electoral history
The electoral district was created in 1993 from Edmonton-Mill Woods. The first election held that year saw incumbent NDP MLA Gerry Gibeault switch from that district to run in Ellerslie. A wave of support for the Alberta Liberals rolled across Edmonton causing Liberal candidate Debby Carlson to win the riding with over half the popular vote. Gibeault was defeated, finishing a distant second place.

Carlson ran for a second term in 1997. She increased her popular support to take the district easily with almost 57% of the popular vote. The 2001 election would prove to be a very tight race as Carlson would barely hang on to win her third term in office. She defeated Progressive Conservative candidate Sukhi Randhawa by less than 300 votes.

On May 28, 2004 Carlson vacated her seat to run in the 2004 federal election in the Edmonton—Strathcona district. Her replacement elected in the provincial election that year would be Liberal candidate Bharat Agnihotri. He would win by a razor thin plurality of 200 votes, taking just under 34% of the popular vote.

The Progressive Conservatives would win the riding in the 2008 election as candidate Naresh Bhardwaj defeated Agnihotri, taking almost 42% of the popular vote.

2004
Voters had the option of selecting four candidates on the ballot.

2004
On November 19, 2004 a student vote was conducted at participating Alberta schools to parallel the 2004 Alberta general election results. The vote was designed to educate students and simulate the electoral process for persons who had not yet reached the legal majority. The vote was conducted in 80 of the 83 provincial electoral districts with students voting for actual election candidates. Schools with a large student body who reside in another electoral district had the option to vote for candidates outside of the electoral district than where they were physically located.

title: Edmonton-Ellerslie


text:
Calgary-East

Calgary-East (formally styled Calgary East) is a provincial electoral district in Alberta, Canada. The district is mandated to return a single member to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta.

Calgary-East has existed twice, the first incarnation was created from Calgary North East in the redistribution of 1963. The riding was abolished in 1971 when it became Calgary-McCall. The return of Calgary-East happened in the 1993 boundary redistribution when Calgary-Forest Lawn and half of Calgary-Millican were merged.

This riding covers the central north east portion of Calgary and contains the neighbourhoods of Vista Heights, Rundle, Marlborough and Mayland Heights.

Three MLAs have held this riding to date. The first Calgary East was represented by Social Credit MLA Albert Ludwig and the second Calgary-East solidly supported Progressive Conservative candidate Moe Amery, until the 2015 Alberta election when the riding was won by NDP candidate Robyn Luff.

History
The original Calgary East electoral district was created in the 1963 boundary redistribution out of Calgary North East. It was abolished in 1971 and split between the new districts of Calgary-McCall and Calgary-Millican. The riding was re-created as Calgary-East in the 1993 boundary redistribution when most of Millican and Calgary-Forest Lawn were merged.

The 2010 boundary redistribution saw the eastern boundary extended east to 68 Street NE into land that was part of old Calgary-Montrose electoral district. The northern boundary cut off all land north of 16 Avenue NE and ceded it to Calgary-Cross. This change also resulted in East picking up some land that had been in old Calgary-North Hill.

Representation history
The first electoral district of Calgary East was created in the boundary redistribution in 1963. The first and only member to represent the old district was Social Credit Member of the Legislative Assembly Albert Ludwig who had been the incumbent in the predecessor riding of Calgary North East.

The 1963 general election saw Ludwig win a super majority taking over 60% of the popular vote. He was re-elected again in the 1967 election winning just over half of the vote. He held the riding until was abolished in 1971.

The second Calgary-East was created in 1993 from a few different riding's. The election in 1993 saw Progressive Conservative candidate Moe Amery defeat former Calgary-Forest Lawn NDP incumbent Barry Pashak to pick up the new district. This was the third time these two candidates had run against each other.

Amery has since been returned to the district four more times.

2004
Voters had the option of selecting four candidates on the ballot

2004
On November 19, 2004, a student vote was conducted at participating Alberta schools to parallel the 2004 Alberta general election results. The vote was designed to educate students and simulate the electoral process for persons who have not yet reached the legal majority. The vote was conducted in 80 of the 83 provincial electoral districts with students voting for actual election candidates. Schools with a large student body that reside in another electoral district had the option to vote for candidates outside of the electoral district then where they were physically located.

title: Calgary-East


text: Category:609 BC deaths

title: Category:609 BC deaths


text:
Edmonton-Manning (provincial electoral district)

Edmonton-Manning is a provincial electoral district in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. It is situated in the northeast quadrant of the city. It was created in 1993 and is mandated to return a single member to the Legislative Assembly. The riding is named after former Social Credit Premier Ernest Manning, who held office from 1943 to 1968. The riding was last contested in the 2019 Alberta election.

History
The electoral district was created in the 1993 boundary redistribution when Edmonton-Belmont was merged with a portion of Edmonton-Beverly. The 2010 boundary redistribution saw some changes made on the south and west boundaries. The first was a minor revision that pushed the south boundary north to 144 Avenue to give some land to Edmonton-Beverly-Clareview. The second revision was made with Edmonton-Decore on the west side that moved a small portion of the west boundary from 59A Street to 66 Street to gain some land from that district. Manning also lost some land to Decore when it expanded the west to 66 Street from 82 Street and north from 137 Avenue to 144 Avenue.

Representation history
Conservative
 * Independent
 * 27th
 * 2008–2012
 * rowspan=2 |
 * rowspan=2|Peter Sandhu
 * rowspan=2|Progressive
 * rowspan=2|Progressive
 * 28th
 * 2012–2015
 * 29th
 * 2015–2019
 * rowspan=3 |
 * rowspan=3 | Heather Sweet
 * rowspan=3 | New Democrat
 * 30th
 * 2019-2023
 * 31st
 * 2023-present
 * }
 * 31st
 * 2023-present
 * }
 * }

The first election contested in the district occurred in 1993. That election saw incumbent Edmonton-Belmont NDP MLA Tom Sigurdson run for a third term in office. He was defeated by Liberal candidate Peter Sekulic, who won over half the popular vote.

Sekulic would not stand for a second term in office. The 1997 election was won by Liberal candidate Ed Gibbons, who defeated Progressive Conservative candidate Tony Vandermeer in a closely contested race. Both candidates ran against each-other again in 2001, during which Vandermeer was elected and Gibbons finished second in the popular vote.

Vandermeer ran for a second term in office in the 2004 election. He was defeated by Liberal candidate Dan Backs, who took the riding with just over 36% of the popular vote. Backs would be expelled from the Liberal caucus on November 20, 2006, and ran for re-election as an independent candidate. He was not re-elected as an independent.

The race in 2008 ended up being closely contested, between candidates from all four major political parties. Backs ended up finishing a close third place. He was defeated by Progressive Conservative candidate Peter Sandhu, who won just under 36% of the popular vote. The second, third and fourth place candidates all finished with just about 2,300 votes.

During the 2015 election, NDP challenger Heather Sweet was elected with 71.5% of the popular vote, defeating Progressive Conservative challenger Gurcharan Garcha who finished second in terms of the popular vote in the riding.

Elections in the 1990s

 * }

 * }

Elections in the 2000s

 * }

 * }

 * }

2004
Voters had the option of selecting four candidates on the ballot

2004
On November 19, 2004, a student vote was conducted at participating Alberta schools to parallel the 2004 Alberta general election results. The vote was designed to educate students and simulate the electoral process for persons who have not yet reached the legal majority. The vote was conducted in 80 of the 83 provincial electoral districts with students voting for actual election candidates. Schools with a large student body that reside in another electoral district had the option to vote for candidates outside of the electoral district then where they were physically located.


text: Category:600s BC deaths

title: Category:600s BC deaths


text:
Edmonton-Centre

Edmonton-Centre formerly styled Edmonton Centre from 1959 to 1971 was a provincial electoral district in Alberta, Canada, mandated to return a single member to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta using the first past the post method of voting from 1959 to 2019.

History
The electoral district of Edmonton-Centre was created in the 1957 boundary redistribution that saw the ridings of Edmonton and Calgary broken up into single member electoral districts when the province reintroduced first past the post.

The 2010 electoral boundary re-distribution kept the riding mostly the same as 2003 except for a realignment on the eastern boundary where it was pushed back to 104 Street instead of completely running along 97 Street like it did before the change.

Electoral history
The electoral district of Edmonton-Centre is currently the oldest continuous active provincial electoral district in the city of Edmonton. It has a long history going back to 1959 when the single transferable vote super districts of Edmonton and Calgary were abolished in favor of single member districts.

Over the years, candidates from four different parties have been elected in the district without being able to return after being defeated. From 1959 to 1986 the riding returned MLA's sitting with governing parties in Alberta while the later years past 1986 MLA's have been returned from the official opposition.

The first elected MLA was Social Credit candidate Ambrose Holowach who had previously served as a Member of Parliament sitting with the federal wing of Social Credit from 1953 to 1958. Holowach was re-elected twice more and served a ministerial portfolio as Provincial Secretary in the governments of Ernest Manning and Harry Strom from 1962 to 1971.

The 1971 election would bring great change to the province and to Edmonton-Centre. Holowach did not run for re-election and the riding was won by Progressive Conservative candidate Gordon Miniely. His party would form government for the first time that year and Miniely would serve in the Peter Lougheed cabinet until he retired from office after his second term in 1979.

Mary LeMessurier would be the third elected representative of the riding. First elected in 1979 she would also be appointed to cabinet like her two predecessors before her. She served as Minister of Culture in the Lougheed government and kept her portfolio briefly after Don Getty became Premier in 1985. She would run for re-election in 1986 but face a stunning defeat by NDP candidate William Roberts.

The NDP party would form the official opposition after electing a record size caucus in 1986. Roberts held his office for two terms before retiring in 1993. That election saw the NDP vote collapse in the district and across the province with NDP candidate Kay Hurtig finishing third place.

After the NDP defeat from opposition in 1993 and the surge of the Liberal party under Laurence Decore the district became a Liberal stronghold, with Michael Henry becoming the first MLA for his party. Henry did not run a second term in office in the 1997 election. The new Liberal candidate was Laurie Blakeman who held the district with a reduced majority.

In the 2015 Alberta General Election NDP Candidate David Shepherd was elected with 54% of the vote.

2004
Voters had the option of selecting four candidates on the ballot

2004
On November 19, 2004, a student vote was conducted at participating Alberta schools to parallel the 2004 Alberta general election results. The vote was designed to educate students and simulate the electoral process for persons who have not yet reached the legal majority. The vote was conducted in 80 of the 83 provincial electoral districts with students voting for actual election candidates. Schools with a large student body that reside in another electoral district had the option to vote for candidates outside of the electoral district then where they were physically located.

title: Edmonton-Centre


text:
Edmonton-Decore

Edmonton-Decore is a provincial electoral district in Alberta, Canada. It is one of 87 districts mandated to return a single member to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta using the first past the post method of voting. It was most recently contested in the general election of 2019.

The riding is located in north central Edmonton. It was created in the 2004 boundary redistribution out of a small part of Edmonton-Manning and most of Edmonton-Glengarry. The riding is named after Laurence Decore, former Leader of the Opposition and Mayor of Edmonton.

Neighborhoods in this riding include: Kildare, Killarney, Northmount, Evansdale, Belle Rive, Mayliewan, Delwood, Glengarry & Balwin.

The riding has been held by representatives of the Progressive Conservative, Liberal, and New Democratic parties since it was created. The current representative is New Democratic Party MLA Sharif Haji, who was first elected in the 2023 general election.

History
The electoral district was created in the 2004 boundary redistribution from Edmonton-Glengary and Edmonton-Manning, and was first contested in the general election of 2004. The 2010 boundary redistribution saw the major changes made to the riding.

The western boundary with on 97 Street between the Edmonton city limits and 167 Avenue Edmonton-Castle Downs was moved east to cede land to that constituency. The south boundary with Edmonton-Highlands-Norwood was changed to move along 127 Street instead of the Canadian National Railway tracks. The east boundary saw significant changes as it was pushed eastward to 66 Street into Edmonton-Beverly-Clareview and Edmonton-Manning as far north as 144 Avenue from the railway tracks at 127 Street. The east boundary with Edmonton-Manning was also realigned to run on 66 Street north of 153 Avenue to give some land to Manning.

Electoral history
The first election held in the district was fought among Liberal candidate Bill Bonko Sr., a school trustee; incumbent Alberta Alliance MLA Gary Masyk whose old district had been abolished; and former Edmonton-Belmont Progressive Conservative MLA Walter Szwender. Bonko defeated the two incumbents and two other candidates.

In the 2008 general election Bonko was defeated by Progressive Conservative candidate Janice Sarich, who held the riding until 2015.

In the 2015 general election NDP Candidate Chris Nielsen was elected with 68% of the vote, in an election which saw every Edmonton riding return an NDP member.

2004
Voters had the option of selecting four candidates on the ballot

2004
On November 19, 2004, a student vote was conducted at participating Alberta schools to parallel the 2004 Alberta general election results. The vote was designed to educate students and simulate the electoral process for persons who have not yet reached the legal majority. The vote was conducted in 80 of the 83 provincial electoral districts with students voting for actual election candidates. Schools with a large student body that reside in another electoral district had the option to vote for candidates outside of the electoral district then where they were physically located.

title: Edmonton-Decore


text:
Fort McMurray-Wood Buffalo

Fort McMurray-Wood Buffalo is a provincial electoral district in Alberta, Canada. The district is one of 87 districts mandated to return a single member (MLA) to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta using the first past the post method of voting.

The district had in recent years been favourable to the election of Progressive Conservative candidates, a trend broken when Tany Yao won it for the Wildrose. Yao joined the United Conservative Party when the Wildrose merged with the PCs.

Geography
Fort McMurray-Wood Buffalo is a largely rural riding in the northeast corner of Alberta. Municipally, the riding consists of the northern part of the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo and almost all of Improvement District No. 24. The riding is home to the bulk of industrial activity relating to the Athabasca oil sands.

The major urban centre in the region, Fort McMurray, is split between this riding and Fort McMurray-Lac La Biche, with the northern neighbourhood of Timberlea falling within the boundaries of Fort McMurray-Wood Buffalo. Other communities in the riding include the hamlets of Fort Chipewyan, Fort Fitzgerald, and Fort McKay.

Three First Nation band governments are based in Fort McMurray-Wood Buffalo: Athabasca Chipewyan First Nation, Fort McKay First Nation, and Mikisew Cree First Nation. Smith's Landing First Nation is based outside of the riding but has several reserves within its boundaries. All of these bands are signatories of Treaty 8.

In addition to Fort McMurray-Lac La Biche to the south, Fort McMurray-Wood Buffalo also borders the riding of Lesser Slave Lake to the southwest, the riding of Peace River to the west, the Northwest Territories to the north, and the province of Saskatchewan to the east.

History
The electoral district was created in the 2004 electoral boundary re-distribution by merging the electoral district of Fort McMurray with a portion of Athabasca-Wabasca residing in the Municipal district of Wood Buffalo.

The decade that went by since the district was created saw significant population growth due to exploration and development of the oil sands. The 2010 electoral boundary re-distribution resulted in the splitting of the district in two along north south lines creating Fort McMurray-Conklin in the eastern half.

Representation history
The electoral district was created in the 2003 boundary redistribution. The first election held that year saw Fort McMurray incumbent Progressive Conservative MLA Guy Boutilier win the new seat with a landslide over four other candidates to pick it up for his party.

Boutilier was appointed as Minister of Environment by Premier Ralph Klein in 2004. In 2006 he was shuffled to Minister of International Relations. He ran for a second term as a cabinet minister in the 2008 general election. That election saw him win another big majority.

On July 18, 2009 Boutilier was ejected from caucus by Premier Ed Stelmach after speaking out against the government over a broken promise to put a seniors care facility in Fort McMurray. He sat as an Independent until joining the Wildrose Alliance caucus as an Independent member on June 24, 2010. On October 25, 2010 he became a full member of the caucus.

However, Boutilier was defeated in 2012 by PC Mike Allen. Allen was also ejected from PC caucus in 2013 after being caught in a prostitution sting while on an official trip to Minnesota, but was readmitted to caucus in 2014.

In the 2015 election, Allen was defeated by Wildrose candidate Tany Yao. When the Wildrose and PC parties merged in 2017, Yao joined the new United Conservative Party along with the rest of the Wildrose caucus.

Yao running as a member of the United Conservative Party would once again defeat NDP candidate Stephen Drover in the 2019 general election by a healthy margin of 7,140 votes.

2004
On November 19, 2004 a student vote was conducted at participating Alberta schools to parallel the 2004 Alberta general election results. The vote was designed to educate students and simulate the electoral process for persons who have not yet reached the legal majority. The vote was conducted in 80 of the 83 provincial electoral districts with students voting for actual election candidates. Schools with a large student body that reside in another electoral district had the option to vote for candidates outside of the electoral district then where they were physically located.

title: Fort McMurray-Wood Buffalo


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Calgary-Nose Hill (provincial electoral district)

Calgary-Nose Hill was a provincial electoral district in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, mandated to return a single member to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta using the first past the post method of voting from 2004 to 2012.

Calgary-Nose Hill history
The Calgary-Nose Hill electoral district was created in the 2003 electoral boundary re-distribution from portions of Calgary-Foothills, Calgary-North Hill and Calgary-Nose Creek electoral districts. The riding was named after Nose Hill Park in Calgary.

The Calgary-Nose Hill electoral district would be dissolved in the 2010 Alberta boundary re-distribution and would be re-distributed into the Calgary-Mackay-Nose Hill electoral district.

Electoral history
The electoral district was created from parts of three different riding's in the 2004 boundary redistribution. The first election held in 2004 saw Progressive Conservative candidate Neil Brown pickup the district with under half of the popular vote. He defeated a field of four other candidates.

Brown stood for re-election against four other candidates in the 2008 general election. He was returned to power with a slight increase in his popular vote but still won under 50%.

2004
Voters had the option of selecting four candidates on the ballot.

2004 student vote results
On November 19, 2004, a student vote was conducted at participating Alberta schools to parallel the 2004 Alberta general election results. The vote was designed to educate students and simulate the electoral process for persons who had not yet reached the legal majority. The vote was conducted in 80 of the 83 provincial electoral districts, with students voting for actual election candidates. Schools with a large student body who resided in another electoral district had the option to vote for candidates outside of the electoral district than where they were physically located.


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Russian post offices in Crete

The Russian post offices in Crete were established by Russia in the area of Crete it occupied as part of the joint occupying force that arrived in 1898.

Russia issued postage stamps for its district of Rethymno(n) in 1899. However, the postal service operated for only a very short period, from May to July.

A first set of four stamps was produced by handstamping two designs, both based on the imperial Russian double eagle emblem. One design was inscribed with colorless Greek letters in colored scrolls; the one metallik value was handstamped in green, while the two metallik was issued first in rose-red shades and then in black. The other design used colored Latin letters on a white background, and appeared only as a one metallik value in blue.

Regularly printed stamps came out later in 1899, printed by Grundman & Stangel of Athens, using a design based on Poseidon's trident. They came in three values, one and two metallik and one grosion (equivalent to four metallik or one piastre), and seven colors (orange, green, yellow, rose, lilac, blue, and black). A third set was issued using a variation of this design, adding five-pointed stars in the frame around the trident, and was printed in blue, rose, green, and lilac.

The stamps also received a violet or blue control mark, in the form of a double eagle, before being issued. They are known without the control mark, and have been extensively counterfeited as, for example, in the example shown in the picture above. It is a forged stamp with a forged control mark and a forged postmark.

The Cretan government issued its own stamps on 1 March 1900; see postage stamps and postal history of Crete.

References and sources

 * References

 * Sources
 * Scott catalogue
 * Stanley Gibbons Ltd: various catalogues
 * AskPhil – Glossary of Stamp Collecting Terms
 * Encyclopaedia of Postal History
 * Scott catalogue
 * Stanley Gibbons Ltd: various catalogues
 * AskPhil – Glossary of Stamp Collecting Terms
 * Encyclopaedia of Postal History

title: Russian post offices in Crete


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Lesser Slave Lake (electoral district)

Lesser Slave Lake is a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of Alberta, Canada. It has existed since 1971 and is mandated to return a single member using the first past the post method of voting.

The riding is named after the lake of the same name, which is located entirely within its borders.

Geography
Lesser Slave Lake is a predominantly rural riding located in Northern Alberta.

There are no cities in the riding. It includes only two incorporated urban municipalities: the towns of High Prairie and Slave Lake. The riding also includes the entirety of one rural municipality (the Municipal District of Opportunity No. 17) and parts of three others (Big Lakes County, the Municipal District of Lesser Slave River No. 124, and Northern Sunrise County).

Eleven First Nation bands are based in Lesser Slave Lake: Bigstone Cree Nation, Driftpile First Nation, Kapawe'no First Nation, Loon River Cree Nation, Lubicon Lake Indian Nation, Peerless Trout First Nation, Sawridge First Nation, Sucker Creek Cree First Nation, Swan River First Nation, Whitefish Lake First Nation, and Woodland Cree First Nation. Most of the region's Indigenous population is of Cree origin.

The riding borders five other electoral districts: Peace River to the northwest, Fort McMurray-Wood Buffalo to the northeast, Fort McMurray-Lac La Biche to the east, Athabasca-Barrhead-Westlock to the south, and Central Peace-Notley to the west.

History
The electoral district was created in the 1971 boundary re-distribution from the electoral districts of Grouard and Peace River. The district remained largely unchanged until the 1993 boundary re-distribution when the electoral district was extended north to the Northwest Territories, Alberta border.

The 2003 boundary re-distribution saw the district revert to similar boundaries that existed prior to 1993. The 2010 boundary re-distribution saw the district re-aligned with current municipal boundaries with a portion of land on the south end moved into Barrhead-Morinville-Westlock.

In the 2017 electoral boundary re-distribution only minor changes were made to the districts boundaries, which were enlarged to include the Calling Lake Reserve.

Lesser Slave Lake is one of two electoral districts in the province that are afforded the exemption provided in the Electoral Boundaries Commission Act whereby only four electoral districts in Alberta may have a population which is as much as 50% below the average population of all the proposed electoral districts. The rationale for this exemption is the relatively low population in the region and large distances between population centers. The total population of the district in the 2017 re-distribution was 27,818 which is 41% below the provincial average for electoral districts.

Representation history
The electoral district was created in 1971. Prior to the districts creation the area had elected Social Credit MLA's. The first election saw a tight race between Social Credit candidate Dennis Barton and Progressive Conservative candidate Garth Roberts. Barton eked out a win with just 41% of the popular vote.

Barton would be defeated in the 1975 election by Progressive Conservative candidate Larry Shaben who rolled up a landslide majority. Shaben would serve four terms in office and hold three different cabinet portfolios under the governments of Peter Lougheed and Don Getty before retiring from office in 1989.

The third representative of the riding was Progressive Conservative candidate Pearl Calahasen who was elected to her first term in 1989 in a tight three-way race winning less than half the popular vote. She would also serve some ministerial portfolios from 1996 to 2006 in the government of Ralph Klein. She represented the district for seven terms, becoming the longest-serving female MLA in Alberta history, as well as the longest-serving Indigenous MLA.

In the 2015 election, Calahasen placed third of three candidates and was defeated by the NDP's Danielle Larivee, who served in several ministerial portfolios during the 29th Assembly.

Elections in the 2000s

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Elections in the 1990s

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Elections in the 1980s

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Elections in the 1970s

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2004
On November 19, 2004 a student vote was conducted at participating Alberta schools to parallel the 2004 Alberta general election results. The vote was designed to educate students and simulate the electoral process for persons who have not yet reached the legal majority. The vote was conducted in 80 of the 83 provincial electoral districts with students voting for actual election candidates. Schools with a large student body that reside in another electoral district had the option to vote for candidates outside of the electoral district then where they were physically located.

title: Lesser Slave Lake (electoral district)