text:
National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act

The National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act was enacted in the United States in 1966 to empower the federal government to set and administer new safety standards for motor vehicles and road traffic safety. The Act was the first mandatory federal safety standards for motor vehicles. The Act created the National Highway Safety Bureau (now National Highway Traffic Safety Administration). The Act was one of a number of initiatives by the government in response to increasing number of cars and associated fatalities and injuries on the road following a period when the number of people killed on the road had increased 6-fold and the number of vehicles was up 11-fold since 1925. The reduction of the rate of death attributable to motor-vehicle crashes in the United States represents the successful public health response to a great technologic advance of the 20th century—the motorization of the United States.

History
Systematic motor-vehicle safety efforts began during the 1960s. In 1960, unintentional injuries caused 93,803 deaths; 41% were associated with motor-vehicle crashes. In 1966, after Congress and the general public had become thoroughly horrified by five years of skyrocketing motor-vehicle-related fatality rates, the enactment of the Highway Safety Act created the National Highway Safety Bureau (NHSB), which later became the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). The systematic approach to motor-vehicle-related injury prevention began with NHSB's first director, William Haddon. Haddon, a public health physician, recognized that standard public health methods and epidemiology could be applied to preventing motor-vehicle-related and other injuries. He defined interactions between host (human), agent (motor vehicle), and environmental (highway) factors before, during, and after crashes resulting in injuries. Tackling problems identified with each factor during each phase of the crash, NHSB initiated a campaign to prevent motor-vehicle-related injuries.

When he signed the bill into law on September 9, 1966, President Lyndon B. Johnson noted that while 29 American soldiers had died over the recent Labor Day weekend, 614 Americans died in automobile accidents. In 1966, passage of the Highway Safety Act and the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act authorized the federal government to set and regulate standards for motor vehicles and highways, a mechanism necessary for effective prevention The Highway Safety Act resulted in the national adoption of the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, while the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act led to the national adoption of the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards.

Many changes in both vehicle and highway design followed this mandate. Vehicles (agent of injury) were built with new safety features, including head rests, energy-absorbing steering wheels, shatter-resistant windshields, and safety belts Roads (environment) were improved by better delineation of curves (edge and center line stripes and reflectors), use of breakaway sign and utility poles, improved illumination, addition of barriers separating oncoming traffic lanes, and guardrails. The results were rapid. By 1970, motor-vehicle-related death rates were decreasing by both the public health measure (deaths per 100,000 population) and the traffic safety indicator (deaths per VMT).

Changes in driver and passenger (host) behavior also have reduced motor-vehicle crashes and injuries. Enactment and enforcement of traffic safety laws, reinforced by public education, have led to safer behavior choices. Examples include enforcement of laws against driving while intoxicated (DWI) and underage drinking, and enforcement of seat belt, child safety seat, and motorcycle helmet use laws.

Government and community recognition of the need for motor-vehicle safety prompted initiation of programs by federal and state governments, academic institutions, community-based organizations, and industry. NHTSA and the Federal Highway Administration within the U.S. Department of Transportation have provided national leadership for traffic and highway safety efforts since the 1960s. The National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, established at CDC in 1992, has contributed public health direction. State and local governments have enacted and enforced laws that affect motor-vehicle and highway safety, driver licensing and testing, vehicle inspections, and traffic regulations. Preventing motor-vehicle-related injuries has required collaboration among many professional disciplines (such as biomechanics has been essential to vehicle design and highway safety features). Citizen and community-based advocacy groups have played important prevention roles in areas such as drinking and driving and child-occupant protection. Consistent with the public/ private partnerships that characterize motor-vehicle safety efforts, NHTSA sponsors "Buckle Up America" week, which focuses on the need to secure children in child-safety seats properly at all times.

High-Risk Populations

 * Alcohol-impaired: From 1982 to 1997, the annual motor-vehicle crash-related fatalities involving alcohol decreased by 39% to approximately 16,000; these deaths accounted for 38.6% of all traffic deaths. Factors that may have contributed to this decline included increased public awareness of the dangers of drinking and driving; new and tougher state laws; stricter law enforcement; an increase in the minimum legal drinking age; prevention programs that offer alternatives such as safe rides (e.g., taxicabs and public transportation), designated drivers, responsible alcohol-serving practices and a decrease in per capita alcohol consumption.
 * Young drivers and passengers: From 1975 to 1997, motor-vehicle-related fatality rates had decreased 27% for young motor-vehicle occupants (ages 16–20 years). However, in 1997 the death rate was 28.3 per 100,000 population—more than twice that of the U.S. population (13.3 per 100,000 population). Some teenagers are more likely than adult drivers to speed, run red lights, make illegal turns, ride with an intoxicated driver, and drive after drinking alcohol or using drugs. Strategies that had contributed to improved motor-vehicle safety among young drivers included laws restricting purchase of alcohol among underaged youths and some aspects of graduated licensing systems (e.g., restrictions related to nighttime driving).
 * Pedestrians: From 1975 to 1997, pedestrian fatality rates decreased 41%, from 4 per 100,000 population in 1975 to 2.3 in 1997 but still account for 13% of motor-vehicle-related deaths. Factors that may have reduced pedestrian fatalities included more and better sidewalks, pedestrian paths, playgrounds away from streets, one-way traffic flow, and restricted on-street parking.

Occupant-Protection Systems
Safety belts: In response to legislation, highly visible law enforcement, and public education, rates of safety belt use nationwide had increased from approximately 11% in 1981 to 68% in 1997 (8). Safety belt use began to increase following enactment of the first state mandatory-use laws in 1984. In 1997, all states except New Hampshire had seat belt laws. Primary laws (which allow police to stop vehicles simply because occupants are not wearing safety belts) are more effective than secondary laws (which require that a vehicle be stopped for some other traffic violation). The prevalence of safety belt use after enactment of primary laws increased 1.5-4.3 times, and motor-vehicle-related fatality rates decreased 13%-46%.

Child-safety and booster seats: All states had passed child passenger protection laws, but these varied widely in age and size requirements and the penalties imposed for noncompliance. Child-restraint used in 1996 was 85% for children aged less than 1 year and 60% for children aged 1–4 years. From 1975 to 1997, deaths among children aged less than 5 years had decreased 30% to 3.1 per 100,000 population, but rates for age groups 5–15 years had declined by only 11%-13%. Child seats were misused by as many as 80% of users In addition, parents failed to recognize the need for booster seats for children who were too large for child seats but not large enough to be safely restrained in an adult lap-shoulder belt.

Related Journal
Traffic Injury Prevention


text:
Defensin

Defensins are small cysteine-rich cationic proteins across cellular life, including vertebrate and invertebrate animals, plants, and fungi. They are host defense peptides, with members displaying either direct antimicrobial activity, immune signaling activities, or both. They are variously active against bacteria, fungi and many enveloped and nonenveloped viruses. They are typically 18-45 amino acids in length, with three or four highly conserved disulphide bonds.

In animals, they are produced by cells of the innate immune system and epithelial cells, whereas in plants and fungi they are produced by a wide variety of tissues. An organism usually produces many different defensins, some of which are stored inside the cells (e.g. in neutrophil granulocytes to kill phagocytosed bacteria), and others are secreted into the extracellular medium. For those that directly kill microbes, their mechanism of action varies from disruption of the microbial cell membrane to metabolic disruption.

Varieties
The name 'defensin' was coined in the mid-1980s, though the proteins have been called 'Cationic Antimicrobial Proteins,' 'Neutrophil peptides,' 'Gamma thionins' amongst others.

Proteins called 'defensins' are not all evolutionarily related to one another. Instead fall into two broad superfamilies, each of which contains multiple families. One superfamily, the trans-defensins, contains the defensins found in humans and other vertebrates, as well as some invertebrates. The other superfamily, cis-defensins, contains the defensins found in invertebrates, plants, and fungi. The superfamilies and families are determined by the overall tertiary structure, and each family usually has a conserved pattern of disulphide bonds. All defensins form small and compact folded structures, typically with a high positive charge, that are highly stable due to the multiple disulphide bonds. In all families, the underlying genes responsible for defensin production are highly polymorphic.

Trans-defensins
Vertebrate defensins are primarily α-defensins and β-defensins. Some primates additionally have the much smaller θ-defensins. In general, both α- and β-defensins are encoded by two-exon genes, where the first exon encodes for a hydrophobic leader sequence (removed after translation) and the cysteine-rich sequence (the mature peptide). The disulfide linkages formed by the cysteines have been suggested to be essential for activities related to innate immunity in mammals, but are not necessarily required for antimicrobial activity. Theta defensins form a single beta-hairpin structure and represent a distinct group. Only alpha and beta-defensins are expressed in humans.

Although the most well-studied defensins are from vertebrates, a family of trans-defensins called 's' are found in molluscs, arthropods and lancelets.

Cis-defensins
Arthropod defensins are the best-characterised defensins from invertebrates (especially those from insects). Other invertebrates known to produce defensins from this protein superfamily include molluscs, annelids and cnidaria.

Plant defensins were discovered in 1990 and have subsequently been found in most plant tissues with antimicrobial activities, with both antifungal and antibacterial examples. They have been identified in all major groups of vascular plants, but not in ferns, mosses or algae.

Fungal defensins were first identified in 2005. Studied examples mainly have anti-bacterial activities and have been found in both main divisions of fungi (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota), as well as in the more basal groups of Zygomycota and Glomeromycota.

Bacterial defensins have also been identified, but are by far the least studied. They include variants with only four cysteines, whereas defensins from eukaryote defensins almost all have six or eight.

Related defensin-like proteins
In addition to the defensins involved in host defence, there are a number of related Defensin-Like Peptides (DLPs) that have evolved to have other activities.

Toxins
There appear to have been multiple evolutionary recruitments of defensins to be toxin proteins used in the venoms of animals; they act via a completely different mechanism to their antimicrobial relatives, from binding directly to ion channels to disrupting nerve signals. Examples include the crotamine toxin in snake venom, many scorpion toxins, some sea anemone toxins, and one of the toxins in platypus venom. Indeed, an insect defensin has been experimentally converted into a toxin by deletion of a small loop that otherwise sterically hindered interactions with the ion channels.

Signalling
In vertebrates, some α- and β-defensins are involved in signalling between the innate immune and adaptive immune systems. In plants, a specialised family of DLPs is involved in signalling to detect if self-pollination has occurred and induce self-incompatibility to prevent inbreeding.

Enzyme inhibitors
Some antimicrobial defensins also have enzyme inhibitory activity, and some DLPs function primarily as enzyme inhibitors, acting as antifeedants (discouraging animals from eating them).

Function
In immature marsupials, because their immune system is underdeveloped at the time of birth, defensins play a major role in defense against pathogens. They are produced in the milk of the mother as well as by the young marsupial in question.

In human breast milk, defensins play a central role in neonate immunity.

The human genome contains theta-defensin genes, but they have a premature stop codon, hampering their expression. An artificial human theta-defensin, retrocyclin, was created by 'fixing' the pseudogene, and it was shown to be effective against HIV and other viruses, including herpes simplex virus and influenza A. They act primarily by preventing these viruses from entering their target cells.

Also interesting is the effect of alpha-defensins on the exotoxin produced by anthrax (Bacillus anthracis). Chun Kim et al. showed how anthrax, which produces a metalloprotease lethal factor (LF) protein to target MAPKK, is vulnerable to human neutrophil protein-1 (HNP-1). This group showed HNP-1 to behave as a reversible noncompetitive inhibitor of LF.

They have generally been considered to contribute to mucosal health; however, it is possible that these peptides can be considered biological factors that can be upregulated by bioactive compounds present in human breast milk. In this sense, the intestinal production of antimicrobial peptides as hBD2 and hBD4 by trefoil from milk might play an important role on neonate colonization, thereby enhancing the immune response of newborns against pathogens with which they may come in contact.

Pathology
The alpha defensin peptides are increased in chronic inflammatory conditions.

Alpha defensin are increased in several cancers, including colorectal cancer.

An imbalance of defensins in the skin may contribute to acne.

A reduction of ileal defensins may predispose to Crohn's disease.

In one small study, a significant increase in alpha defensin levels was detected in T cell lysates of schizophrenia patients; in discordant twin pairs, unaffected twins also had an increase, although not as high as that of their ill siblings. The authors suggested that alpha-defensin levels might prove a useful marker for schizophrenia risk.

Defensins are found in the human skin during inflammatory conditions like psoriasis and also during wound healing.

Defensins
At present, the widespread spread of antibiotic resistance requires the search and development of new antimicrobial drugs. From this point of view, defensins (as well as antimicrobial peptides in general) are of great interest. It was shown that defensins have pronounced antibacterial activity against a wide range of pathogens. In addition, defensins can enhance the effectiveness of conventional antibiotics.

Defensin-mimetics
Defensin mimetics, also called host defense peptide (HDP) mimetics, are completely synthetic, non-peptide, small molecule structures that mimic defensins in structure and activity. Similar molecules, such as brilacidin, are being developed as antibiotics, anti-inflammatories for oral mucositis, and antifungals, especially for candidiasis.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Defensin


text:
User talk:Carina22

Wolseley and Reading
Hi, and welcome. Thanks for your contributions to the Reading article. However I noticed that the link you put in to Wolseley actually pointed to a disambiguation page. I presume that the Wolseley in question is the one described in the article Wolseley plc, based at Arlington Business Park. Anyway I've amended your link on that basis; if you really meant one of the other Wolseleys, please feel free to correct. -- Chris j wood 11:37, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks, that was the right one. Carina22 00:43, 5 May 2005 (UTC)

FTSE 100
Hi. The dual listings for Schroders and Royal Dutch Shell are correct. 100 companies, but 102 listings. Mark83 22:17, 8 September 2005 (UTC)
 * People want to know the names of the companies. Putting the complications in brackets is quite enough. Carina22 16:45, 9 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I've moved this discussion to the FSTE 100 talk page as it looks like others will have to judge the merits of both arguments. Mark83 18:08, 9 September 2005 (UTC)

Date formats
What on earth were you up to putting date formats in British articles into American date format. Please don't do it again. Carina22 08:20, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

 * This was a misunderstanding as to how the date system on Wikipedia functions. I was formatting the dates into the ISO international format (not American style, I hasten to add.  In the US they use the short format MM/DD/YYYY -- the ISO format I used is YYYY-MM-DD) which is automatically converted by the Wikipedia into the format specified in Special:Preferences.  I did this because I was unaware the Wikipedia is able to convert standard format dates this way too.  I was also unaware that users who do not specify a date preference do not get any conversion.
 * I have been using Wikipedia for less than a month and this was an honest mistake. I do like to learn from my mistakes and I always welcome guidance from experienced users, but I do not appreciate the tone of your message ("What on earth were you up to ..."), particularly when you didn't even bother to get your facts right before criticising me (ISO and US dates). Throup (talk) 17:18, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Sorry I snapped, but I doubt that 1% of people have heard of ISO date formats. As a general rule, conventions which are familiar only to specialists or academics should not be used if there is an alternative as Wikipedia is aimed at the general population. Carina22 09:25, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Apology accepted. As I said, I had misunderstood the guidelines and got a little over-zealous.  I guess I learnt the hard way!  I look forward to editing with you in the future.  --Throup (talk) 18:03, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

Supermarkets by country
Hi! Thanks for pointing out my error, I've cancelled my original proposal re: changing things to "in country", and have made a new one for changing things to "of country". All the best, Kurieeto 03:01, 20 December 2005 (UTC)

Category renaming for Category:United States Students' Unions
Hi. As an editor who participated in the discussion regarding renaming Category:United States Students' Unions, I am writing you to let you know that while there was consensus to rename the category there was no clear consensus for the final name. If you would like to revisit the discussion on Category talk:United States Students' Unions I am willing to consider an agreement there and rename the category. I won't be monitoring your talk page so if you have to reply to me directly please do so on my talk page. Thanks! --Syrthiss 19:52, 16 January 2006 (UTC)

Renomination at Cfd
Have you seen this re-nomination at Cfd: Categories_for_deletion/Log/2006_January_28--Mais oui! 04:31, 29 January 2006 (UTC)

Earls of England
Thank you for your attention to my suggestion at the Earls of England category. See the talk page there for more. -Danaman5 21:16, 15 February 2006 (UTC)

Northern Irish vs Northern Ireland
Hi. Just curious as to your rationale behind renaming the category I created to "Northern Ireland" instead of "Northern Irish". Cheers. --Mal 03:02, 10 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I think it should be Northern Irish, but apparently the term makes the catholics throw fits. Though you should know more about that than me as I've never been to Northern Ireland.Carina22 13:10, 12 March 2006 (UTC)

That's the thing though Carina - it is accepted in Northern Ireland as being one of the most generically accepted terms, by all 'sides'. Please see my talk page regarding discussion here. I will be requesting that all categories are changed to fall in line with the vast majority of other country cats ("French..", "German..", "Scottish.." as opposed to ".. in France", ".. in Germany", ".. in Scotland"), and would appreciate your support when I've found out exactly how to go about nominating them for change. --Mal 19:38, 12 March 2006 (UTC)

Country subdivisions
...IMO splitting the cats into a group of "Administatrive divisions of some countries" and "Political divisions of some other countries" is not useful.

could you maybe change your vote on Categories_for_deletion/Log/2006_April_4

and let's discuss this on the project page

Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Subnational_entities/Naming

first? It is really is mass rename, since it not only involves the cats and subcates but also lots of articles. As Lorenz pointed out the most important seems to be that we find clear definitions of what the terms mean. Tobias Conradi (Talk) 07:54, 9 April 2006 (UTC)

Subdivision category debate
The original debate for renameing the country subdivision categories was closed and a new debate on the subject has now been listed. The results of the old debate are shown, but will not be counted when the current debate is closed. You are being notified because you were involved in the previous debate. If you still have an interest in the outcome, please come and participate in the new debate. - TexasAndroid 20:37, 17 April 2006 (UTC)

Lord William Campbell
I believe Lord William Campbell was Scottish. (I did some work on the article and noticed your comments.) There is an external link at the article now that gives a bit more info. Cheers! Stormbay 22:25, 22 April 2006 (UTC)

Deletion
From Image talk:Speedo.jpg, which I'm about to delete:
 * I've added a tag, amended the category, added another tag, and now added another template. Now it tells me "it may be nominated for deletion in the future". I thought that was what I had done three times! What am I supposed to do next. This is a blatant breach of fair use, as it is being used in articles which having nothing to do with anyone who has an interest in the copyright in the photo, but the deletion process is just too hard to implement. Carina22 00:03, 5 April 2006 (UTC)

I sympathize with your pain, Carina22, and please know that we are grateful to have people interested in creating a free encyclopedia and avoiding copyright and fair use violations. For images, the most efficient way to get rid of them is by posting them at WP:IFD. That page is usually kept up to date (unlike copyright problems), and is rigorously processed. Thanks again for your work. Chick Bowen 20:28, 10 May 2006 (UTC)

Discussion at Category talk:Storms
Hi there. You voted in the CfD debate here, and I've started a discussion about this at Category_talk:Storms. Any comments would be welcomed. Carcharoth 11:59, 23 May 2006 (UTC)

Category:Lists of schools sharing the same name
Please revisit Categories for deletion/Log/2006 June 8 and if necessary, modify your vote. Sorry for the inconvenience. -- Usgnus 04:55, 10 June 2006 (UTC)

Category:Articles with unsourced statements
I am preparing a new CfD for the category known as "Articles with unsourced statements" (i.e., articles with one or more fact templates). Given the increasing demand for more sourcing, this cat could quite foreseeably ultimately grow to encompass the vast majority of articles on the wiki. In my estimation that's far too broad to be an effective category. But perhaps more importantly, this cat was reinstated virtually unilaterally by an admin after a successful CfD, after which another CfD was short-circuited with a very arbitrary "speedy keep" only two days after it was opened. I probably will file it this week, after I further research the background of the issues that attend to this situation. Some of the attending issues can be found in a recent exchange at Category Talk:Articles with unsourced statements.

Among the various issues involved are: 1) overly inclusive categories; 2) categories that constantly change in response to minor issues in individual articles (such as when fact templates are added and removed throughout the wiki); 3) the impossiblility of ever clearing such a massive list as new fact templates are placed and removed throughout the wiki; 4) the arbitrary nature of citation-needed templates throughout the wiki--there are many facts in need of citing, and such a category only accounts for those that have been actually noted as a template; 5) administrative truncating or short-circuiting of community process as happened with "Category:Articles with unsourced statements", and what properly is the range of admin discretion in closing AfDs, CfDs and DRVs prior to seven days under the "speedy" criteria; 6) how to properly deal with mistaken or abusive admin procedure after the fact when it is later discovered after having gone "under the radar"; 7) the related widespread use of User:SmackBot, which under an initial broad grant to use the bot for "various categories" has now managed to tag fact many tens of thousands of fact templates throughout the wiki as "February 2007", thereby letting us all know nothing more than that the bot was active in February 2007.

Thought you might like to know about it. Thanks, ... Kenosis 00:29, 20 February 2007 (UTC)

 * This category is now up for deletion review at the following location: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_review/Log/2007_February_20 . ... Kenosis 12:42, 20 February 2007 (UTC)

Calvin Goldspink
Hey Carina, I tried to keep the article from being merged but it was decided to merge. But I agree that he should have his own article and have reverted back to the article before it was merged.--NeilEvans 15:22, 9 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Someone claimed Calvin filmed Life is Wild in February without stating a year. Given enough time, that could turn into a problem. Do you know how long ago it was shot? (MacGyverMagic who was too lazy to sign in). Also, I chose to merge a few months ago in the AFD, but since the show has been acquired by a network and will be shown, I feel now is a perfect time to spin it out. I'm hoping Rochelle's stint as a presenter will earn her her own article too, though convincing people she earns it may be problematic. - 131.211.210.12 11:57, 14 September 2007 (UTC)
 * I've heard it will be broadcast in the U.S. next month. Carina22 09:43, 21 September 2007 (UTC)
 * The Premiere is on the 7th of October according to this. Carina22 09:46, 21 September 2007 (UTC)
 * That wasn't what I was looking for. The article said Calvin started filming in February. Where did this info come from and was that February this year or last year? - Mgm|(talk) 09:49, 21 September 2007 (UTC)
 * I don't see any reason to doubt that it was this year. I didn't hear about it until this year, and it's pretty obvious from the change in his appearance that it was this year. Carina22 09:53, 21 September 2007 (UTC)

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Hello. I agreed, acted on, and responded to your comment on the Fresh&easy Talk page regarding the list of SoCal stores. Cheers Rosiestephenson (talk) 01:47, 5 December 2007 (UTC)

Invesco Check
I see you've created the Invesco article. Could you look at this diff. Its from an IP whose been pushing a POV over at Diane Garnick, who happens to work for Invesco. I know nothing of the company, so I don't know if its pushing here as well. Mbisanz (talk) 20:03, 7 December 2007 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Carina22


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User talk:Waxwing slain

It's interesting that Mother Cabrini is not incorrupt. Who's idea was it to make her appear incorrupt by faking her face and body and display it like the real incorruptibles? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Incorruptibles (talk • contribs) 21:51, 15 April 2008 (UTC)

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Hungarian Revolution of 1956
Thanks for subediting. However, you might want to know that standard punctuation for multiple clauses or sub-clauses makes use of the structure you called "all fucked up". This standard is as follows: firstly, an introduction followed by a colon; then, a number of clauses seperated by semi-colons; and, finally, the last clause must begin with the word "and" or "or", followed by a comma, before the final clause. This standard is used when multiple verb-based noun clauses might cause confusion verbal constructions, or to outline long points with sentences. As you can see from the article, the connection of three clauses needs something a bit stronger than a comma seperation. But good work by being bold! Fifelfoo 05:30, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Image:Maudlin_of_the_well_part_the_first.jpg listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded or altered, Image:Maudlin_of_the_well_part_the_first.jpg, has been listed at. Please look there to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you. BigDT 23:10, 21 January 2007 (UTC)

Anathem
Good catch on the capitalization and spelling of Decenarian and the other order names in the Anathem article. Actually there was still one misspellt that I went and fixed. I had actually made the edits attributed to the two IP addresses before I created my account here, so I appreciate your improvement of my edits to the original article. Good work! Seth Leigh (talk) 08:52, 30 October 2008 (UTC)

Edgar Allan Poe
Hey, do you have the source for the Terence Whalen information you added to Edgar Allan Poe? Because it's a featured article, you really should be careful not to add any info that doesn't have a footnote to support it. --Midnightdreary (talk) 23:09, 26 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Thanks for adding that source. I'll look for one that is not from an article that was factually inaccurate; preferably, I'll find where Whalen originally published it. --Midnightdreary (talk) 02:14, 27 April 2009 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Waxwing slain


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User talk:Hbobrien

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Image copyright problem with Image:KeyArena_pano.jpg
Thank you for uploading Image:KeyArena_pano.jpg. However, it currently is missing information on its copyright status. Wikipedia takes copyright very seriously. It may be deleted soon, unless we can determine the license and the source of the image. If you know this information, then you can add a copyright tag to the image description page.

If you have any questions, please feel free to ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thanks again for your cooperation. Jusjih (talk) 03:57, 15 February 2008 (UTC)
 * to document this for the record, since I resolved it a while back: I am the photographer of Image:KeyArena_pano.jpg. I released it under a CC-SA-3 license to Wikipedia. Hal (talk) 23:26, 27 August 2009 (UTC)

DYK
I agree, the page looks nice. I wanted to recommend to you nominating Naval Aviation Photographic Unit for Did you know. The article is new enough to qualify and I would guess it should be long enough. It's a good way to "promote" your new article.--Supertouch (talk) 00:11, 26 April 2010 (UTC)

 * Thanks. I've gone ahead and tried nominating it (though how well I filled out the template... enh.) Hal (talk) 04:35, 26 April 2010 (UTC)

 * It was verified.--Supertouch (talk) 10:56, 27 April 2010 (UTC)

 * ... And is here now: Template:Did you know/Preparation area 2... --Supertouch (talk) 21:16, 28 April 2010 (UTC)
 * Yes, I saw that. Thanks.  As long as I've been around WP, it's still an exciting thing. Hal (talk) 00:55, 29 April 2010 (UTC)

Q
I'm interested in the letter from Q to Sassoon - I hope you don't mind me asking, but is it in your possession? Deb (talk) 11:41, 26 April 2010 (UTC)

 * Yes. I bought a copy of Q's Adventures In Criticism from a bookshop in Scottsdale, AZ.  The book had previously been in Sassoon's library, and has his bookplate (a monogram).  The letter was tucked into it. Hal (talk) 15:20, 26 April 2010 (UTC)
 * I expect you know that have recently started using the monogram as our logo for the Siegfried Sassoon Fellowship. Deb (talk) 20:54, 26 April 2010 (UTC)
 * I hadn't, actually -- but it seems wholly appropriate. Hal (talk) 21:12, 26 April 2010 (UTC)

DYK for Naval Aviation Photographic Unit
Materialscientist (talk) 16:03, 30 April 2010 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Hbobrien


text:
User talk:Snagari

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Merging of images
Regarding this edit; Please do not use the merge templates for images. Try to get the image to be removed through IfD, rather. Furthermore; I wish a merry christmas and happy new year. -- SoothingR(pour) 15:50, 25 December 2005 (UTC)
 * No problem dude, it's what I'm here for after all. -- SoothingR(pour) 06:19, 28 December 2005 (UTC)

Unspecified source for Image:YUP promo 2003.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:YUP promo 2003.jpg. I notice the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you have not created this file yourself, then there needs to be an argument why we have the right to use it on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you did not create the file yourself, then you need to specify where it was found, i.e., in most cases link to the website where it was taken from, and the terms of use for content from that page.

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Snagari
What are you talking about? Explain to me why the issue I have at hand is any of your business and then you can ask me to leave...it is of course, something I will not do...I don't have any grudges against you, but please stay away from issues that do not concern you...I wouldn't get involved with your own private affairs. Besides, leave from where? Wikipedia? I am a great collaborator to the wikipedia project and I will never leave...you block me I'll create another username...but again, I have no problems with you...unless you might have a problem with me... Kiske 01:31, 21 September 2006 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:CMXAura.jpg
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Fair use rationale for Image:AbsoluuttinenNollapisteNeulainenJerkunen.jpg
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Fair use rationale for Image:AbsoluuttinenNollapisteOlos.jpg
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Fair use rationale for Image:AbsoluuttinenNollapisteSuljettu.jpg
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Revision to Sid Meier's Alien Crossfire and Sid Meier's Alpha Centauri articles
I noticed that you have revised either Sid Meier's Alpha Centauri or Sid Meier's Alien Crossfire.

I intend to revise those articles following the WikiProject Video games/Article guidelines. There are more details on the discussion pages of those articles. I'd be interested in any comments you have. It would be best if your comments were on the discussion pages of the two articles.

Thank you.

Vyeh (talk) 02:10, 10 June 2010 (UTC)

Non-free rationale for File:MECCG.jpg
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Orphaned non-free image File:MassiveAttackMezzanine.jpg
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title: User talk:Snagari


text: User talk:24.183.59.170

title: User talk:24.183.59.170


text:
User talk:Vlad Patryshev

Welcome to the Wikipedia
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Image:Pacific santacruz ca.jpg
Hi, I'm really glad you've decided to join Wikipedia. Could you please specify what your source is for Image:Pacific santacruz ca.jpg? Please use one of the tags at Template messages/Image namespace to specify whether you took the picture yourself yourself, and, if so, how you would like to license it (for example, as public domain or under the GNU Free Documentation License). For more information, see Images. Thanks! [ +t,  +c  ] 23:50, Apr 28, 2005 (UTC)

Thank you! I've set it to FairUse. The picture was taken by my friend, and she gave me permission to publish it on Wikipedia. The person depicted was on May 7, 2005 informed by me about his picture posted on wikipedia, and was glad to hear it (I have a witness to this.) Hope this covers all issues.

 * I'm afraid it doesn't. Since it's obviously possible to create free licensed photos of the place it can not be used under "fair use" per out Fair use criterea and permission to use on Wikipedia alone is not a free license. Please ask your friend to release the photo under a free content license (must explicitly allow redistribution, modifications and even potential commercial use), otherwise we unfortunately have to delete it and wait for someone to provide a truly free licensed photo. Thanks. --Sherool (talk) 11:44, 24 November 2006 (UTC)

I see. Let's switch it to free content license. I've no clue what exactly I should do. I asked her, and I am sure she'll answer by tomorrow - but what next? Is there a tag or something I should change? -Vlad, 11/25/2006

Message from Jkmstevens
(Moved from userpage)

Vlad - what company do you work for ?

Thanks John Stevens Chair IEEE 1902.1 standard workgroup —Preceding unsigned comment added by Utcursch (talk • contribs) 16:44, 1 September 2007 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Pacific Avenue
A proposed deletion template has been added to the article Pacific Avenue, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but this article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice should explain why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page.

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AfD nomination of Pacific Avenue
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Proposed deletion of Borland Enterprise Server

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You linked to a Google drive copy of copyrighted material at Marian Rejewski. See WP:COPYLINK; linking to unauthorized copies of copyrighted material is forbidden. Glrx (talk) 18:18, 26 March 2019 (UTC)

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Doug Weller talk 09:22, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

File permission problem with File:Pacific santacruz ca.jpg
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Proposed deletion of File:RightKanExtension.png

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I agree with the deletion; the svg file is much better. Vlad Patryshev (talk) 13:21, 10 December 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:Vlad Patryshev


text:
User talk:Sonya07

Welcome to the Wikipedia
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title: User talk:Sonya07


text:
Talk:Ramsay MacDonald

Miscellaneous
Does anyone really see Ramsay MacDonald as "the father of appeasement"? Surely this is nonsense. --Mr impossible 09:25, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

This article should probably say more about his disarmament plan, as it is more accurately interpreted as the last real hope for peace for Europe in the 1930s than 'appeasement.'

 * The original Early career section contained a number of inaccuracies and needed filling out. There is a lot more that needs saying generally so intend to have more input. --Billreid 14:42, 14 September 2006 (UTC)

I corrected to "Originally a socialist". i think that leading a government made up of a majority of Conservatives is a reasonable excuse fo rtaking away the label 'socialist' from someone ! Johncmullen1960 12:17, 31 October 2006 (UTC)
 * But that is not NPOV. Please cite proof of your statement.--Billreid 17:42, 1 November 2006 (UTC)

Does anyone have information about an attempt to blackmail Macdonald by a former mistress in the 1920s? (See page 98 of "The Red Book. The Membership List of the Right Club 1939" by Robin Saikia) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.26.110.215 (talk) 23:24, 31 March 2011 (UTC)

I'm no expert, but re: Personal Life, the juxtaposition of "MacDonald was devastated by Margaret's death from blood poisoning in 1911, and had few significant personal relationships after that time, apart from with Ishbel" and then, in the following sentence, "following his wife's death, MacDonald commenced a relationship with Lady Margaret Sackville" would surely require some cleaning up. Rhoalpha —Preceding undated comment added 09:02, 3 April 2012 (UTC).

Following on from the above comment, from the Wikipedia page on the British pianist Harriet Cohen: "The British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald is one of her more prominent relationships.[15] Harriet Cohen became close to MacDonald during the period when he was Prime Minister from 1929 to 1935, at a time of economic instability and depression which saw the rise of Nazism and Fascism in Europe. It was rumoured that MacDonald and Cohen became lovers. Their letters reflect a closeness; and she often visited him alone at 10 Downing Street and his home in Hampstead. Certainly many people did believe they were lovers and Cohen was often referred to as "the old man's darling". — Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.229.253.210 (talk) 12:28, 10 February 2020 (UTC)

Active Politics
This sentence "In that same year, MacDonald was elected MP for Leicester along with 28 others" either needs re-writing, or we need some explanation of how 29 people became the Labour MP for Leicester. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 91.104.26.172 (talk) 19:46, 25 August 2010 (UTC)

That he led a government with a majority of Conservatives is a fact, not an opinion. IMHO it would be not NPOV to call him a socialist :=)

Johncmullen1960 08:49, 6 December 2006 (UTC)

Expulsion from Labour party
I would be interested to know why he did not leave the Labour party of his own accord ... anyone know ? I think it would be worth mentioning. Johncmullen1960 08:49, 6 December 2006 (UTC)

He never ceased to regard himself as a socialist AFAIK and would have been happy for more Labour Ministers to stay on board in 1931. He thought he was acting in the national interest (rightly or wrongly) and then found himself trapped.

 * From what I can recall of David Marquand's toe stubber of a biography, MacDonald by c1936/1937 certainly still considered himself a socialist, believing there was something of a "National Labour" feeling in the country (he regarded his son Malcolm's victory in a by-election in early 1936 as a "victory for Labour, not 'Opposition Labour'") and as late as autumn 1937 at a party with old ILP colleagues he made a speech insisting he was still and always had been.

 * As for Labour ministers I've read conflicting accounts on this. There were certainly some who were asked and declined such as Herbert Morrison (although HM later rewrote history to claim he was against the National Government literally from the moment it was announced), Stafford Cripps (who declined as soon as he was back in the country and aware of the political situation) and Thomas Shaw (the War Office wasn't filled in the initial announcements of the National Government and some thought Shaw was being asked to stay on). However other accounts suggest he limited the appeal to those with little strong connection with Labour (mainly law officers, which were semi-non-partisan posts, military ministers and those whose main connection was to MacDonald not the movement) suggesting that from the outset he knew he was severing links from the outset. Certainly in the final days of the Labour government MacDonald believed that were it to resign (as seemed likely) he could neither get the party to support a new government making the budget cuts or credibly lead it in opposing cuts, indicating he knew one way or another his leadership of the party was up, though he had visions of supporting Baldwin "from below the [Labour] gangway" - i.e. the bench in the Commons were distinguished senior non-spokespersons sit. (Think where Dennis Skinner sits for an idea.) Timrollpickering 02:23, 12 January 2007 (UTC)

I don't know whether he resigned or was expelled. But I do know that he was not expelled by any collection of individual party members, the statement that "Many leading Labour Party activists denounced MacDonald and expelled him from the Party" is clearly wrong.Royalcourtier (talk) — Preceding undated comment added 05:24, 20 May 2014 (UTC)

 * It's over 20 years since I read the David Marquand biography (and another time ten years before that) and I don't have a copy to hand. However, according to the ODNB he and all other supporters of the National Government were expelled by the Labour National Executive, apparently around September 1931 (it doesn't give the exact date). This was the time when the pound had been devalued and the decision had been taken for the National Government to fight an election (MacDonald was actually reluctant but was under Tory pressure), contrary to the original intention in both cases.Paulturtle (talk) 01:26, 18 May 2019 (UTC)

Zinoviev letter
How has this article been so extensively written without any link to the Zinoviev Letter? I know that certain Wikipedians are allergic to anything that smells even faintly of conspiracy but this omission is taking the ...! If no-one objects, I'm going to write a little section next week.Garrick92 17:16, 26 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Well here's a bit about it over to you --Bill Reid | Talk 21:06, 14 February 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:MacDonald Poster.jpg
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BetacommandBot 04:51, 16 September 2007 (UTC)

Death?
Died: 9 November 1937 on the liner Reina del Pacifico on holiday during the crossing of the Atlantic.

Could not see mention of this in the main text...

Ref: http://www.number-10.gov.uk/output/Page136.asp

Royzee 19:22, 16 September 2007 (UTC)

Error
How can he be proceeded and succeeded by the same person, i.e. Stanley Baldwin. Forgive me if I am mistake, but I believe this to be an error? 78.86.166.102 (talk) 02:49, 24 November 2007 (UTC)

 * He had more than one period in office, alternating with Baldwin. No error. Timrollpickering (talk) 09:18, 24 November 2007 (UTC)

Date of Election
There was no General Election on 21st January 1924. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.145.22.155 (talk) 11:04, 25 February 2009 (UTC)

This date appeared in the text under the sub-heading "First government (1924)". I have altered it so that it reads correctly.86.145.22.155 (talk) 11:18, 25 February 2009 (UTC)

New file File:(James) Ramsay MacDonald by Solomon Joseph Solomon.jpg
Recently the file File:(James) Ramsay MacDonald by Solomon Joseph Solomon.jpg (right) was uploaded and it appears to be relevant to this article and not currently used by it. If you're interested and think it would be a useful addition, please feel free to include it. Dcoetzee 17:51, 30 March 2009 (UTC)

Formation of the National Government
This section contains the following passage:

"Great anger in the labour movement greeted MacDonald's move. Mass riots by unemployed people took place in protest in Glasgow and Manchester. Many in the Labour Party viewed this as a cynical move by MacDonald to rescue his career, and accused him of 'betrayal'. MacDonald, however, argued that the sacrifice was for the common good."

What does "this" refer to - MacDonald's move or the mass riots? I guess the second sentence has been interpolated. The passage would be better as:

"Great anger greeted MacDonald's move. Many in the Labour Party viewed it as a cynical move by MacDonald to rescue his career, accusing him of betrayal.  In response to the proposed reductions in public expenditure, the National Unemployed Workers' Movement led protest riots in Manchester and Glasgow and a strike by sailors, the Invergordon Mutiny, took place.  MacDonald, however, argued that the sacrifice was for the common good."

If there are no objections, I will put it in. Marshall46 (talk) 12:33, 13 September 2010 (UTC)

Foreign policy
There is no mention of foreign policy. Not even the mandates. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.19.146.10 (talk) 14:37, 14 April 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Ramsay MacDonald. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20080930213450/http://www.labourhistory.org.uk:80/?p=16 to http://www.labourhistory.org.uk/?p=16

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Anglo-German Naval Agreement
Macdonald's government was responsible for the agreement, as he had only been out of office for eleven days when it was signed. (Sdjkl1 (talk) 13:41, 30 November 2015 (UTC))
 * SOurce please. BMK (talk) 18:50, 30 November 2015 (UTC)
 * Negotiations began at the beginning of 1935. MacDonald is most remembered for begining the appeasement of Germany that was continued by Baldwin. (Sdjkl1 (talk) 19:35, 30 November 2015 (UTC))
 * Source, please. Information on Wikipedia is based on verifiable information, sourced by citations from reliable sources, not by repetition of claims on the talk page, or edit-warring in the article - so please provide sources for this information. BMK (talk) 00:00, 1 December 2015 (UTC)

First use of ‘Labour Party’
''In 1892, MacDonald impressed the local [Dover] Association and was adopted as its candidate, announcing that his candidature would be under a Labour Party banner. He denied that the Labour Party was a wing of the Liberal Party...'' (In 1900) The ILP was more rigorously socialist than the once and future Labour Party...

All of this suggests that there was an official entity called the ‘Labour Party’ at this time. Are you sure he wasn’t referring to the ILP? Valetude (talk) 23:18, 18 August 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080825211359/http://www.number10.gov.uk/history-and-tour/prime-ministers-in-history/james-ramsay-macdonald to http://www.number10.gov.uk/history-and-tour/prime-ministers-in-history/james-ramsay-macdonald

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Labour Party
How come when he was the first Labour Prime Minister, the article says that the government was dominated by the Conservatives?Vorbee (talk) 06:44, 5 September 2018 (UTC)
 * His first government, January to November 1924, was a Labour government, as was his government from 1929-1931. In 1931 he then formed a National Government which came to be dominated by the Tories. See First MacDonald ministry, Second MacDonald ministry, and National Government (1931) respectively. DuncanHill (talk) 12:23, 5 September 2018 (UTC)
 * As the article says "... leading minority Labour governments in 1924 and in 1929–31. He headed a National Government from 1931 to 1935, dominated by the Conservative Party and supported by only a few Labour members." which I think is clear enough. DuncanHill (talk) 12:25, 5 September 2018 (UTC)

Reference problems - Morgan 1987
"Harv error: CITEREFMorgan1987 has multiple targets (2×)." The two targets are Austen Morgan's "J. Ramsay MacDonald" and Ken Morgan's " Labour People: Leaders and Lieutenants Hardy to Kinnock ". DuncanHill (talk) 05:30, 22 January 2021 (UTC)

 * This is still outstanding ten months later. DuncanHill (talk) 11:35, 23 November 2021 (UTC)

Another reference problem - Marquand
We have refs like "Marquand, p. 24" but two works by Marquand are listed. Now to those already familiar with the works it may be obvious that those with page numbers are to the Jonathan Cape book and not the ODNB article, but it is unfair on our readers to expect this level of knowledge of the sources. DuncanHill (talk) 05:42, 22 January 2021 (UTC)

Ref problems - newspapers
There are some refs to newspapers without page numbers or article titles. DuncanHill (talk) 05:47, 22 January 2021 (UTC)

suggestion that Zinoviev letter had little effect
Article asserts that

"In the event the Zinoviev letter had little effect, as the Labour vote actually increased. It was the collapse of the Liberal Party that led to the Conservative landslide."

This to me seems like conjecture, although perfectly possible that letter has no effect, the fact that the liberal vote collapsed does not prove this. Perfectly possible that without the letter more of the previously liberal voters would have voted for labour. Coopsinio (talk) 10:27, 1 January 2022 (UTC)

Versailles Conference
MacDonald denounced the Treaty of Versailles: "We are beholding an act of madness unparalleled in history".
 * What aspect of the Treaty did he object to?

Valetude (talk) 19:20, 26 September 2022 (UTC)

Neoliberal apologist bullshit
The section on MacDonald's "revised" legacy is complete and utter horseshit. An unencyclopaedic disgrace. A handful of hard-right, pro-Blair, pro-Clinton scholars are cited as experts, speaking in favour of an economic "reality" which has subsequently collapsed. Get better, more diverse and more balanced sources or I'm blanking it.

DublinDilettante (talk) 22:37, 7 November 2022 (UTC)

 * If you have reliable sources then please use them to improve the article. Simply blanking cited material because it offends your political sensibilities will not be viewed favourably. DuncanHill (talk) 23:37, 7 November 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ramsay MacDonald


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Akinrinola

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE

Akinrinola
Delete: Non-encyclopedic, hate based addition --Durin 00:42, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Personal attack; besides, I'm sure the poster has already shown all his little friends, and they've had a good laugh over it, so it's served all the purpose it ever will on this site. I wonder if the poster realizes that anyone in the world (including the subject of the article) can find his IP address in the page history, tho? Eh, probably did it from school. Kids these days. -- 8^D gab 01:33, 2005 Apr 21 (UTC)
 * Speedy under criterion A1. (I thought there was a criterion specifically for attack pages; I guess not.) I'll tag it. android↔talk 02:10, Apr 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
McIntosh Laboratory

McIntosh Laboratory is an American manufacturer of handcrafted high-end audio equipment headquartered in Binghamton, New York. It is a subsidiary of McIntosh Group, which is under the ownership umbrella of Highlander Partners, a Dallas-based private equity firm.

The company was co-founded in 1949 by Frank H. McIntosh & Gordon Gow. McIntosh Labs designs and produces audio amplifiers, stereo tuners, loudspeakers, turntables, music streamers, processors, and various other audio products. Although solid state components are a large segment of the McIntosh line, audio enthusiasts most revere the warm sound of the company's tube amplifiers. Some of their tube amplifiers rank among the finest ever created for home audio and theater use. Their Unity Coupled Circuit, patented at the brand's inception, is still used today in products like their MC275 amplifier, whose vacuum tubes—used in many of the company's products—help to impart a lifelike warmth and soul to the sound. "McIntosh transformers are hand-wound in house as they've always been" according to McIntosh president, Charlie Randall. Many of the employees working at the Binghamton plant have been with the company for decades and number approximately 170+ as of June, 2022.

McIntosh Laboratory revenue was $25 million and $42 million in 2021 and 2022 respectively. McIntosh audio products can usually be recognized by their black glass front panels (circa 1960's to present), iconic blue VU meters (circa 1974 to present), and iconic gothic logo. Even the Mcintosh factory has a black facade with blue tinted windows to align with the company's trademark theme.

Company history & highlights
Frank H. McIntosh & Gordon Gow co-founded McIntosh in 1949. The company was originally located in Silver Spring MD. It moved to Binghamton NY in 1951.

Dave O'Brien joined McIntosh in 1962. He led the McIntosh Amplifier Clinics for the next 29 years. Dave retired on June 11, 1999, after 38 years of service with McIntosh.

In 1965, Mcintosh amps were used to power President Lyndon B. Johnson’s inauguration speech.

McIntosh created a Loudspeaker division in 1967.

McIntosh amplifiers were used at the Woodstock Music Festival in 1969. A battery of twenty McIntosh MC3500 tube amplifiers were used to power the JBL speakers at Woodstock for the 400,000+ fans in attendance. Urban legend has it that these amps needed to be cooled by ice on the hot August days so they would not overheat but McIntosh Laboratory Inc President, Charlie Randall, dismissed the tale as folk lore saying "Any ice packed around the amps in the middle of August would have quickly melted and the resulting water would have caused massive issues with the electronics".

On March 23, 1974, the Grateful Dead's "Wall of Sound" debuted at the Cow Palace in Daly City, CA (and then subsequently on other tour locations). It reportedly used forty-eight 600-watt per channel (bridged monoblock) McIntosh model MC2300 solid state amplifiers for a total of 28,800 watts of continuous power to power a speaker system over 100 feet wide and three stories tall.

In October 1977, Gordon Gow became president and CEO when Mr. McIntosh retired. Mr. McIntosh sold his stock shares to top management and a few dedicated McIntosh investors. He was retained with a salary on a consulting basis. He moved from his home in Endicott, NY to Scottsdale, Arizona

Japanese years

After a long and illustrious history that saw them expand their business around the world, the company began to struggle and was ultimately acquired by Clarion, a large Japanese manufacturer of car stereo gear in 1990 for 28.6 million dollars. McIntosh components, particularly the early tube models, are highly regarded in Japan. In a speech shortly after the purchase, Clarion president Yutaka Oyamada told McIntosh employees that "we like McIntosh as it is, and we have no intention of changing what has made it so successful." After the Clarion purchase, McIntosh expanded into car audio and home theater.

In May 2003, Clarion sold McIntosh Laboratory to D&M Holdings also of Japan. The company continued to operate independent engineering, design, and divisions.

Italian years and return to the United States
On October 8, 2012, Fine Sounds SpA of Milan, Italy, announced it had purchased McIntosh. In May 2014, the CEO of Fine Sounds Group, along with the President of McIntosh Labs, led a management buyout of the Fine Sounds Group from its Italian investment firm owner, Quadrivio Investment Group.

Since then, Fine Sounds Group has renamed itself McIntosh Group and relocated from Milan to New York. McIntosh Group is a holding company for the brands McIntosh Laboratory, Sonus Faber, Sumiko Phono Cartridges, Fine Sounds Americas, Fine Sounds BeNelux, and Fine Sounds U.K. It has also partnered Sonus Faber with Maserati and partnered McIntosh Audio with Jeep. Jeff Poggi and Charlie Randall were named Co-CEO's in 2017 of McIntosh Group. Daniel Pidgeon is the current CEO of McIntosh Group (since June 2022).

Charlie Randall is the current President of McIntosh Laboratory (since 2001).

A Dallas-based Private Investment firm, Highlander Partners, acquired McIntosh Group (which includes McIntosh Laboratory) as part of their equity portfolio in June 2022.

Other McIntosh facts

 * Apple co-founder, Steve Jobs, reached a settlement agreement with McIntosh president, Gordon Gow, to use the name Macintosh for Apple's start-up personal computer line. Although the brand names have a different spelling, they sounded enough alike when pronounced that the agreement required a placard to be placed on the back of the Macintosh Plus 1MB computer starting in March 1983.  In March 1986, Apple gained exclusive license rights to use the Macintosh name for an undisclosed but substantial sum of money.
 * In 2002, McIntosh developed the Harley-Davidson riser mount radio. Sold through Harley dealerships, the radio could be added to many Harley models that lacked mobile audio.
 * On November 7, 2017, McIntosh founders Frank McIntosh and Gordon Gow were posthumously inducted into the Consumer Technology Hall of fame in a ceremony held at the Rainbow room in NY city. This honor is bestowed upon those who have made a significant impact in the technology sector with products and technologies that improve lives around the world.
 * The World of McIntosh Experience Center was a 12,000 square foot, five story townhouse located in the SoHo district of New York. It was open for tours from 2015 to 2021 and was used as a retail showroom for McIntosh, as well as for private events such as movie screenings, art exhibits, and presentations.  On September 21, 2023, an 11,000 square foot townhome labeled The McIntosh House of Sound opened in NYC's Chelsea District.  Similar to the World of McIntosh Experience Center, it showcases audio products from McIntosh, Sonus faber, Pro-Ject, Rotel, and Sumiko.
 * In addition to past celebrities such as Howard Hughes George Harrison, and Jerry Garcia, some notable artists and audio aficionados who own McIntosh gear for personal use today are John Mayer, The Rolling Stones, Paul McCartney, Jimmy Fallon, Tom Cruise and Bob Weir.

More notable products
1949: Tubed Unity Coupled 50W1 Power Amplifier.

1955: C8 Audio Compensator preamplifier

Late 1960s: MC 2505 First Transistor amp utilizing Autoformer technology.

Late 1960s: MC 3500 Tube Power Amplifier, 350 WPC.

Early 1970s: MC 2300 Power Amplifier, 300 WPC.

Early 1980s: MC 2500 Power Amplifier, 500 WPC Power Guard and similar chassis to MC 2300.

Around 1990: MC 2600 Power Amplifier, 600 WPC Power Guard final version on MC 2300 Chassis.

Around 1990: MC 7300, 300 WPC and much smaller than MC 2300.

Around 2006: MC2KW 2000WPC 3 Chassis Quad Balanced Amplifier.

Around 2008: MT10 Precision Turntable.

Around 2017: MC1.25KW, 1200 WPC Single Chassis Quad balanced Amp.

Around 2019: MA352 Integrated Hybrid Amplifier

Around 2019: MC3500 MkII 350 WPC Mono Vacuum Tube Amp inspired by the 50th Anniversary of the MC3500 that powered Woodstock.

Around 2020: MA12000, 350 WPC Hybrid Tube/SS Integrated Amp (most powerful tube/solid state integrated amp from Mcintosh to date)

Around 2023: MC451, 150WPC/300 WPC Hybrid Tube/SS Integrated Amp

Around 2023: PS2k Powered Subwoofer

McIntosh award highlights
09/03/2013 D100 Digital Preamp Receives AVforums.com "HIGHLY RECOMMENDED" Award.

04/02/2015 MA8000 Integrated Amplifier named "Best Amplifier" by Hi-Fi World.

06/05/2015 MA8000 Integrated Amplifier named "High End Stereo Amplifier of the Year" by Lyd & Bilde.

11/25/2015 MA5200 Integrated Amplifier Wins "Diapason d'Or" Award.

12/09/2015 MC452 Amplifier and C2500 preamplifier win Sound+Image Award.

02/10/2016 C1100 Preamplifier Wins "Stereo Sound Grand Prix Award".

02/24/2016 MCD550 SACD/CD player named product of the year by HiFi Review.

03/03/2016 MC152 named "Best Amplifier" by HiFi World.

11/22/2016 C22 Vacuum Tube Preamplifier named "Product of the Year" by Absolute Sound.

12/15/2016 RS100 Wireless Speaker Wins "Diapason d'Or" Hi-Fi Award.

02/08/2017 MC275 Vacuum Tube Amplifier & C22 Vacuum Tube preamplifier win Absolute Sound's "Editor's Choice" award.

06/02/2017 MCD550 SACD/CD player wind "Outstanding Product Award" by Speaker Shack.

08/02/2017 MT5 Turntable wins "Top Quality" award from Fedelta del Suono.

11/15/2017 MC1.25KW Amplifier & MA9000 Integrated Amp win Stereo Sound's "Grand Prix" Awards.

11/17/2017 MA8900 Integrated Amplifier Wins "Diapason d'Or" award.

12/11/2017 MA8900 named "Best Stereo Integrated Amplifier" by Secrets of Home Theater & High Fidelity.

02/01/2018 MA9000 Integrated Amplifier "Product of the Year" by SoundStage! Network.

07/31/2018 C52 and C47 Preamplifiers receive "Golden Ear" Awards from The Absolute Sound.

11/09/2018 MA252 Integrated Amplifier Wins "Diapason d'Or" Award.

11/13/2018 MC611 Amplifier Wins Stereo Sounds "Grand Prix" Award.

01/23/2019 MA9000 Integrated Amplifier named "Product of the Year" by SoundStage! Network.

12/13/2019 MC312 Amplifier wins "Best Stereo Power Amplifier of 2019" by Secrets of Home Theater and High Fidelity.

01/22/2020 MCD600 SACD/CD Player named "Product of the Year" by Hi=Fi i Muzyka Magazine from Poland.

01/24/2020 MTI100 Integrated Turntable named "Product of the Year 2019" by Audiophile Apartment.

12/01/2020 MA352 Integrated Amplifier named "Best Hybrid Amplifier 2020" by Hi-Fi World.

12/10/2020 C53 Stereo Preamplifier named "2020 Best High-End Stereo Preamplier" by Secrets of Home Theater and High Fidelity.

06/08/2021 MA12000 Hybrid Integrated Tube/Solid State Amplifier awarded prestigious "Applause" award by StereoNET UK.

12/02/2021 MA12000 Hybrid Integrated Tube/Solid State Amplifier awarded "Reference" award by France's Haute Fidelite's magazine.

12/08/2021 MHA200 Headphone Amplifier named "Headphone Amplifier of the Year" by HiFi+.

12/13/2021 MA12000 Hybrid Integrated Tube/Solid State Amplifier Wins Stereo Sound's "2021 Grand Prix" Award.

12/22/2022 MC3500 Vacuum Tube Amplifier Wins Stereo Sound's "2022 Grand Prix" Award.

01/04/2023 MC451 Dual Mono Power Amplifier named CES 2023 "Innovation Award Honoree".

01/17/2023 MA8950 Stereo Amplifier receives "Editor's Choice" Award for Best High End Stereo Amp from AVS forums.

01/26/2023 MHA200 Vacuum Tube Headphone Amplifier wins AVS "Editor's Choice" award for Best High-End Hi=Fi Product 2022.

03/23/2023 MX123 and MC257 win Robb Report Best Home Theater A/V Processor and Amplifier

05/14/2023 C12000 Solid State & Vacuum Tube Preamplifier and the MC3500 Vacuum Tube Amplifier MkII named Stereo Pre-power Amplifiers of the Year by What Hi-Fi Magazine.

Competition and value
In the all-tube receiver-amplifier category of the 1970s, competition in audio products for McIntosh came from Dynaco, Fisher Electronics, H.H. Scott, Inc., Sherwood (company), Marantz, Luxman, Sansui Electric, Audio Research, Sequerra, Harman Kardon, and Phase Linear (transistor).

During the 80's through mid 2000's products from Bob Carver, Sunfire, Conrad Johnston, Mark Levinson Audio Systems, Technics (brand), Akai, Accuphase, Pioneer Elite, NAD Electronics, Audio Research, Adcom, Bang & Olufsen, Scientific Audio Electronics (SAE), Yamaha, Onkyo, Marantz, Denon, Harman Kardon, and Sony ES series were competitive.

Today Mark Levinson, PS Audio, Audio Research, Jeff Rowland, Manley Laboratories, Accuphase, Allnic Audio, MBL, McGary, Naim Audio, Anthem, Adcom, Emotiva, Trinnov, Integra, Marantz, NAD Electronics, Scientific Audio Electronics (SAE), Hegel, Immersive Audio Technologies (StormAudio), Bryston Audio, Krell Industries, Parasound and Dan D'agostino are examples of modern-day high end audio products that compete with McIntosh. For the present day historical audio collector, McIntosh is the most valued when measured by marketplace prices. “''After 66 years in business, McIntosh is the rock of the high end. Their products are always competitive in terms of sound quality, they're generally of above-average reliability, and their resale value is among the best in the business''” as quoted by Jeff Fritz of SoundStage! Ultra publications.

Car audio
In the late 90's and early 2000's, a few vehicles were available from the factory with McIntosh sound systems, including BMW, Subaru Legacy and Outback models (starting from the BH & BE Legacy chassis) as well as the 100th Anniversary 2005–2006 Ford GT. Past production vehicles included a CD changer, CD changer/AM/FM controller, and an external DAC. Unique features such as the Fast Responding Wattmeter and the patented Power Guard circuitry set their amplifiers apart from others' products; various models were available offering from 75 to 2,000 watts, divided amongst one to six channels. High quality power supplies, powerful circuit topologies, and balanced inputs completed each amplifier. At the end of the chain used to lie their hand-built drivers, which came in standard $5 1/4$-inch and $6 1/2$-inch nominal sizes. All applicable car products were finished with McIntosh's signature glass plate displays.

McIntosh car audio has made a comeback in recent years as it has just recently been added to their current catalog.

On September 3, 2020, McIntosh's first ever automotive Reference system was recently announced by Jeep with its return to American luxury SUVs with the Grand Wagoneer concept. The McIntosh MX1375 Reference Entertainment System and MX950 Entertainment System are available as factory-installed systems in the Wagoneer, Grand Wagoneer, and Jeep Grand Cherokee respectively, starting with the 2022 model year. McIntosh is offered as an upgrade in certain models of the Jeep Grand Cherokee L (three row SUV WL platform) starting with the 2021 model year (one year earlier than the Wagoneer or GC model debut)

Marine audio
McIntosh recently collaborated with Wally Yachts of Milan Italy to offer an historic milestone at the company. It marks the first time McIntosh systems have been used in a marine environment.

title: McIntosh Laboratory


text: User talk:82.36.65.161

title: User talk:82.36.65.161