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13th Dalai Lama

Ngawang Lobsang Thupten Gyatso Jigdral Chokley Namgyal, abbreviated to Thubten Gyatso (12 February 1876 – 17 December 1933) was the 13th Dalai Lama of Tibet, enthroned during a turbulent era and the collapse of the Qing Dynasty. Referred to as "the Great Thirteenth", he is also known for redeclaring Tibet's national independence, and for his reform and modernization initiatives.

In 1878, he was recognized as the reincarnation of the Dalai Lama. He was escorted to Lhasa and given his pre-novice vows by the Panchen Lama, Tenpai Wangchuk, and named "Ngawang Lobsang Thupten Gyatso Jigdral Chokley Namgyal". In 1879, he was enthroned at the Potala Palace, but did not assume political power until 1895, after he had reached his maturity.

Thubten Gyatso was an intellectual reformer and skillful politician. He was responsible for countering the British expedition to Tibet, restoring discipline in monastic life, and increasing the number of lay officials to avoid excessive power being placed in the hands of the monks.

Early life
The 13th Dalai Lama was born in the village of Thakpo Langdun, one day by car, south-east from Lhasa, and near Sam-ye Monastery, Tak-po province, in June 1876 to parents Kunga Rinchen and Lobsang Dolma, a peasant couple. Laird gives his birthdate as 27 May 1876, and Mullin gives it as dawn on the 5th month of the Fire Mouse Year (1876).

Contact with Agvan Dorzhiev

Agvan Dorzhiev (1854–1938), a Khori-Buryat Mongol, and a Russian subject, was born in the village of Khara-Shibir, not far from Udinsk, to the east of Lake Baikal. He left home in 1873 at age 19 to study at the Gelugpa monastery, Drepung, near Lhasa, the largest monastery in Tibet. Having successfully completed the traditional course of religious studies, he began the academic Buddhist degree of Geshey Lharampa (the highest level of 'Doctorate of Buddhist Philosophy'). He continued his studies to become Tsanid-Hambo, or "Master of Buddhist Philosophy". He became a tutor and "debating partner" of the teenage Dalai Lama, who became very friendly with him and later used him as an envoy to Russia and other countries.

Military expeditions in Tibet
After the British expedition to Tibet by Sir Francis Younghusband in early 1904, Dorzhiev convinced the Dalai Lama to flee to Urga in Mongolia, almost 2400 km to the northeast of Lhasa, a journey which took four months. The Dalai Lama spent over a year in Urga and the Wang Khuree Monastery (to the west from the capital) giving teachings to the Mongolians. In Urga he met the 8th Bogd Gegeen Jebtsundamba Khutuktu several times (the spiritual leader of Outer Mongolia). The content of these meetings is unknown. According to report from A.D. Khitrovo, the Russian Border Commissioner in Kyakhta, the Dalai Lama and the influential Mongol Khutuktus, high lamas and princes "irrevocably decided to secede from China as an independent federal state, carrying out this operation under the patronage and support from Russia, taking care to avoid the bloodshed". The Dalai Lama insisted that if Russia would not help, he would even ask Britain, his former foe, for assistance.

After the Dalai Lama fled, the Qing dynasty immediately proclaimed him deposed and again asserted sovereignty over Tibet, making claims over Nepal and Bhutan as well. The Treaty of Lhasa was signed at the Potala between Great Britain and Tibet in the presence of the Amban and Nepalese and Bhutanese representatives on 7 September 1904. The provisions of the 1904 treaty were confirmed in a 1906 treaty signed between Great Britain and China. The British, for a fee from the Qing court, also agreed not to annex Tibetan territory or to interfere in the administration of Tibet, while China agreed not to permit any other foreign state to interfere with the territory or internal administration of Tibet.

The Dalai Lama is thought to have been involved with the anti-foreign 1905 Tibetan Rebellion. The British invasion of Lhasa in 1904 had repercussions in the Tibetan Buddhist world, causing extreme anti-western and anti-Christian sentiment among Tibetan Buddhists. The British invasion also triggered intense and sudden Qing intervention in Tibetan areas, to develop, assimilate, and bring the regions under strong Qing central control. The Tibetan Lamas in Batang proceeded to revolt in 1905, massacring Chinese officials, French missionaries, and Christian Catholic converts. The Tibetan monks opposed the Catholics, razing the Catholic mission's Church, and slaughtering all Catholic missionaries and Qing officials. The Manchu Qing official Fengquan was assassinated by the Tibetan Batang Lamas, along with other Manchu and Han Chinese Qing officials and the French Catholic priests, who were all massacred when the rebellion started in March 1905. Tibetan Gelugpa monks in Nyarong, Chamdo, and Litang also revolted and attacked missions and churches and slaughtered westerners. The British invasion of Lhasa, the missionaries, and the Qing were linked in the eyes of the Tibetans, as hostile foreigners to be attacked. Zhongtian (Chungtien) was the location of Batang monastery. The Tibetans slaughtered the converts, torched the building of the missionaries in Batang due to their xenophobia. Sir Francis Edward Younghusband wrote that At the same time, on the opposite side of Tibet they were still more actively aggressive, expelling the Roman Catholic missionaries from their long-established homes at Batang, massacring many of their converts, and burning the mission-house. There was anti-Christian sentiment and xenophobia running rampant in Tibet. "No. 10. Despatch from Consul-General Wilkinson to Sir E. Satow, dated Yünnan-fu, 28th April, 1905. (Received in London 14th June, 1905.) Pere Maire, the Provicaire of the Roman Catholic Mission here, called this morning to show me a telegram which he had just received from a native priest of his Mission at Tali. The telegram, which is in Latin, is dated Tali, the 24th April, and is to the effect that the lamas of Batang have killed PP. Musset and Soulie, together with, it is believed, 200 converts. The chapel at Atentse has been burnt down, and the lamas hold the road to Tachien-lu. Pere Bourdonnec (another member of the French Tibet Mission) begs that Pere Maire will take action. Pere Maire has accordingly written to M. Leduc, my French colleague, who will doubtless communicate with the Governor-General. The Provicaire is of opinion that the missionaries were attacked by orders of the ex-Dalai Lama, as the nearest Europeans on whom he could avenge his disgrace. He is good enough to say that he will give me any further information which he may receive. I am telegraphing to you the news of the massacre."

- I have, &c., (Signed) W. H. WILKINSON. East India (Tibet): Papers Relating to Tibet [and Further Papers ...], Issues 2–4, Great Britain. Foreign Office, p. 12.

In October 1906, John Weston Brooke was the first Englishman to gain an audience with the Dalai Lama, and subsequently he was granted permission to lead two expeditions into Tibet. Also in 1906, Sir Charles Alfred Bell, was invited to visit Thubten Chökyi Nyima, the 9th Panchen Lama at Tashilhunpo, where they had friendly discussions on the political situation.

The Dalai Lama later stayed at the great Kumbum Monastery near Xining and then travelled east to the most sacred of four Buddhist mountain in China, Wutai Shan located 300 km from Beijing. From here, the Dalai Lama received a parade of envoys: William Woodville Rockhill, the American Minister in Peking; Gustaf Mannerheim, an Imperial Russian army colonel, who later became the Marshal of Finland and the 6th President of Finland; a German doctor from the Peking Legation; an English explorer named Christopher Irving; R.F. Johnson, a British diplomat from the Colonial Service; and Henri D'Ollone, the French army major and viscount. The Dalai Lama was mounting a campaign to strengthen his international ties and free his kingdom from Chinese rule.

In June 1908, C.G.E. Mannerheim met Thubten Gyatso in Wutai Shan during the course of his expedition from Turkestan to Peking. Mannerheim wrote his diary and notes in Swedish to conceal the fact that his ethnographic and scientific party was also an elaborate intelligence gathering mission for the Imperial Russian army. The 13th Dalai Lama gave a blessing of white silk for the Russian Czar. Worried about his safety, Mannerheim gave Tibet's spiritual pontiff a Browning revolver and showed him how to reload the weapon.

""Obviously," the 14th Dalai Lama said, "The 13th Dalai Lama had a keen desire to establish relations with Russia, and I also think he was a little skeptical toward England at first. Then there was Dorjiev. To the English he was a spy, but in reality he was a good scholar and a sincere Buddhist monk who had great devotion to the 13th Dalai Lama.""

In September 1908, the Dalai Lama was granted an audience with the Guangxu Emperor and Empress Dowager Cixi. The emperor tried to stress Tibet's subservient role, although the Dalai Lama refused to kowtow to him. He stayed in Beijing until the end of 1908; during such time, both the Guangxu Emperor and the Empress Dowager died and were succeeded by the Xuantong Emperor, with Prince Chun as regent.

When he returned to Tibet in December 1908, he began reorganising the government, but the Qing sent a military expedition of its own to Tibet in 1910 and he had to flee to India.

Assumption of political power
In 1895, Thubten Gyatso assumed ruling power from the monasteries which had previously wielded great influence through the Regent. Due to his two periods of exile in 1904–1909, to escape the British invasion of 1904, and from 1910 to 1913 to escape a Chinese invasion, he became well aware of the complexities of international politics and was the first Dalai Lama to become aware of the importance of foreign relations. The Dalai Lama, "accompanied by six ministers and a small escort" which included his close aide, diplomat and military figure Tsarong Dzasa, fled via Jelep La to Sikkim and Darjeeling, where they stayed almost two years. During this period he was invited to Calcutta by the Viceroy, Lord Minto, which helped restore relations with the British.

In 1911, revolution arose against imperial authorities, first in Wuchang and then in all of China, culminating in the abdication of the Xuantong Emperor, the abolition of the monarchy and the establishment of the Republic of China in 1912. As chaos unfolded in the mainland, Chinese forces were expelled by Tibet by local nationalists, who proclaimed Tibet to be an independent country on 4 April 1912, paving the way for the return of the Dalai Lama.

Thubten Gyatso returned to Lhasa in January 1913 with Tsarong Dzasa from Darjeeling, where he had been living in exile. The new Chinese government apologised for the actions of the previous Qing dynasty and offered to restore the Dalai Lama to his former position. He replied that he was not interested in Chinese ranks and was assuming spiritual and political leadership of Tibet.

After his return from exile in India in 1913, Thubten Gyatso assumed control of foreign relations and dealt directly with the Maharaja and the British Political officer in Sikkim and the king of Nepal rather than letting the Kashag or parliament do it.

Documents from Russian Foreign Ministry archives contain detailed argumentation of the 13th Dalai Lama that Tibet was never a part of China. Thubten Gyatso declared independence from China in early 1913 (13 February), after returning from India following three years of exile. He then standardized the Tibetan flag in its present form. At the end of 1912 the first postage stamps of Tibet and the first bank notes were issued.

Thubten Gyatso built a new medical college (Mentsikang) in 1913 on the site of the post-revolutionary traditional hospital near the Jokhang.

Legislation was introduced to counter corruption among officials, a national taxation system was established and enforced, and a police force was created. The penal system was revised and made uniform throughout the country. "Capital punishment was completely abolished and corporal punishment was reduced. Living conditions in jails were also improved, and officials were designated to see that these conditions and rules were maintained."

A secular education system was introduced in addition to the religious education system. Thubten Gyatso sent four promising students to England to study, and welcomed foreigners, including Japanese, British and Americans.

As a result of his travels and contacts with foreign powers and their representatives (e.g., Pyotr Kozlov, Charles Alfred Bell and Gustaf Mannerheim), the Dalai Lama showed an interest in world affairs and introduced electricity, the telephone and the first motor cars to Tibet. Nonetheless, at the end of his life in 1933, he saw that Tibet was about to retreat from outside influences.

In the last decade of his life, the Dalai Lama's personal attendant, Thubten Kunphela rose to power and led several important projects for the modernization in Tibet. In 1931, a new factory complex consisting of currency mints and munition factories was established in Trapchi, with its machines driven by power from the first hydroelectric plant in Tibet. A modern army regiment was created in the same year, after the conflict broke out in Eastern Tibet.

In 1930, Tibetan army invaded the Xikang and the Qinghai in the Sino-Tibetan War. In 1932, the Muslim Qinghai and Han-Chinese Sichuan armies of the National Revolutionary Army led by Chinese Muslim General Ma Bufang and Han General Liu Wenhui defeated the Tibetan army during the subsequent Qinghai–Tibet War. Ma Bufang overran the Tibetan armies and recaptured several counties in Xikang province. Shiqu, Dengke, and other counties were seized from the Tibetans. The Tibetans were pushed back to the other side of the Jinsha river. Ma and Liu warned Tibetan officials not to dare cross the Jinsha river again. Ma Bufang defeated the Tibetans at Dan Chokorgon. Several Tibetan generals surrendered, and were demoted by the Dalai Lama. By August, the Tibetans lost so much land to Liu Wenhui and Ma Bufang's forces that the Dalai Lama telegraphed the British government of India for assistance. British political pressure led to Nanjing declaring a ceasefire. Separate truces were signed by Ma and Liu with the Tibetans in 1933, ending the fighting.

Prophecies and death
The 13th Dalai Lama predicted before dying: "Very soon in this land (with a harmonious blend of religion and politics) deceptive acts may occur from without and within. At that time, if we do not dare to protect our territory, our spiritual personalities including the Victorious Father and Son (Dalai Lama and Panchen Lama) may be exterminated without trace, the property and authority of our Lakangs (residences of reincarnated lamas) and monks may be taken away. Moreover, our political system, developed by the Three Great Dharma Kings (Tri Songtsen Gampo, Tri Songdetsen and Tri Ralpachen) will vanish without anything remaining. The property of all people, high and low, will be seized and the people forced to become slaves. All living beings will have to endure endless days of suffering and will be stricken with fear. Such a time will come."

title: 13th Dalai Lama


text:
Singles 1965–1967

Singles 1965–1967 is a box set compilation of singles by The Rolling Stones spanning the years 1965–1967. The second in a series of repackages by ABKCO Records, who licence The Rolling Stones' 1963–1970 recorded works, Singles 1965–1967 is the second of three successive volumes to commemorate their non-LP releases during this era.

While the set features faithful replicas of all individual single covers (even the CDs are reproduced in black), the set—and the two others in the series—came under some criticism as to their necessity, especially as 1989's Singles Collection: The London Years already covered this material to "Satisfaction".

Journalist Nigel Williamson provides a liner notes essay.

Track listing
All songs by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards, except where noted.

 * Disc one
 * 1) "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction" – 3:43
 * 2) "The Under Assistant West Coast Promotion Man" (Nanker Phelge) – 3:08
 * 3) "The Spider and the Fly" – 3:38

 * Disc two
 * 1) "Get Off of My Cloud" – 2:54
 * 2) "I'm Free" – 2:24
 * 3) "The Singer Not The Song" – 2:22

 * Disc three
 * 1) "As Tears Go By" (Jagger/Richards/Andrew Loog Oldham) – 2:45
 * 2) "Gotta Get Away" – 2:07

 * Disc four
 * 1) "19th Nervous Breakdown" – 3:57
 * 2) "Sad Day" – 3:02

 * Disc five
 * 1) "Paint It, Black" – 3:44
 * 2) "Stupid Girl" – 2:55
 * 3) "Long, Long While" – 3:01

 * Disc six
 * 1) "Mother's Little Helper" – 2:45
 * 2) "Lady Jane" – 3:09

 * Disc seven
 * 1) "Have You Seen Your Mother, Baby, Standing in the Shadow?" – 2:34
 * 2) "Who's Driving Your Plane?" – 3:14

 * Disc eight
 * 1) "Let's Spend the Night Together" – 3:26
 * 2) "Ruby Tuesday" – 3:13

 * Disc nine
 * 1) "We Love You" – 4:36
 * 2) "Dandelion" – 3:48

 * Disc ten
 * 1) "She's a Rainbow" – 4:12
 * 2) "2000 Light Years from Home" – 4:44

 * Disc eleven
 * 1) "In Another Land" (Bill Wyman) – 2:53
 * 2) "The Lantern" – 4:26

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Singles 1965–1967


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Talk:Singles 1965–1967

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title: Talk:Singles 1965–1967


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Robert Defries

Robert Davies Defries, (July 23, 1889 – October 25, 1975) was a Canadian physician and Director of Connaught Medical Research Laboratories.

Born in Toronto, Ontario, he received his M.D. from the University of Toronto in 1913.

Honours

 * In 1946 he was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire.
 * In 1955 he was awarded an honorary Doctor of Laws from the University of Saskatchewan.
 * In 1955 he received the Albert Lasker Public Service Award.
 * In 1970 he was made a Companion of the Order of Canada.

title: Robert Defries


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Battle of New Orleans (disambiguation)

The Battle of New Orleans was fought in January 1815, part of the War of 1812.

Battle of New Orleans may also refer to:

 * Capture of New Orleans, 1862 operation of the American Civil War
 * Battle of Liberty Place, 1874 battle between Democratic Conservatives and Republican Reconstructionists
 * "The Battle of New Orleans", song by Jimmie Driftwood
 * “The Battle of New Orleans (1910)”, 1910 painting by Edward Percy Moran

title: Battle of New Orleans (disambiguation)


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Remote backup service

A remote, online, or managed backup service, sometimes marketed as cloud backup or backup-as-a-service, is a service that provides users with a system for the backup, storage, and recovery of computer files. Online backup providers are companies that provide this type of service to end users (or clients). Such backup services are considered a form of cloud computing.

Online backup systems are typically built for a client software program that runs on a given schedule. Some systems run once a day, usually at night while computers aren't in use. Other newer cloud backup services run continuously to capture changes to user systems nearly in real-time. The online backup system typically collects, compresses, encrypts, and transfers the data to the remote backup service provider's servers or off-site hardware.

There are many products on the market – all offering different feature sets, service levels, and types of encryption. Providers of this type of service frequently target specific market segments. High-end LAN-based backup systems may offer services such as Active Directory, client remote control, or open file backups. Consumer online backup companies frequently have beta software offerings and/or free-trial backup services with fewer live support options.

History
In the mid-1980s, the computer industry was in a great state of change with modems at speeds of 1200 to 2400 baud, making transfers of large amounts of data slow (1 MB in 72 minutes). While faster modems and more secure network protocols were in development, tape backup systems gained in popularity. During that same period the need for an affordable, reliable online backup system was becoming clear, especially for businesses with critical data.

More online/remote backup services came into existence during the heyday of the dot-com boom in the late 1990s. The initial years of these large industry service providers were about capturing market share and understanding the importance and the role that these online backup providers were playing in the web services arena. Today, most service providers of online backup services position their services using the SaaS (software as a service) and PaaS (Platform as a service) strategy and its relevance is predicted to increase exponentially in the years to come as personal and enterprise data storage needs rise. The last few years have also witnessed a healthy rise in the number of independent online backup providers.

Service-based

 * 1) The assurance, guarantee, or validation that what was backed up is recoverable whenever it is required is critical. Data stored in the service provider's cloud must undergo regular integrity validation to ensure its recoverability.
 * 2) Cloud BUR (BackUp & Restore) services need to provide a variety of granularity when it comes to RTO's (Recovery Time Objective). One size does not fit all either for the customers or the applications within a customer's environment.
 * 3) The customer should never have to manage the back end storage repositories in order to back up and recover data.
 * 4) The interface used by the customer needs to enable the selection of data to protect or recover, the establishment of retention times, destruction dates as well as scheduling.
 * 5) Cloud backup needs to be an active process where data is collected from systems that store the original copy. This means that cloud backup will not require data to be copied into a specific appliance from where data is collected before being transmitted to and stored in the service provider's data centre.

Ubiquitous access

 * 1) Cloud BUR utilizes standard networking protocols (which today are primarily but not exclusively IP based) to transfer data between the customer and the service provider.
 * 2) Vaults or repositories need to be always available to restore data to any location connected to the Service Provider's Cloud via private or public networks.

Scalable and elastic

 * 1) Cloud BUR enables flexible allocation of storage capacity to customers without limit. Storage is allocated on demand and also de-allocated as customers delete backup sets as they age.
 * 2) Cloud BUR enables a Service Provider to allocate storage capacity to a customer. If that customer later deletes their data or no longer needs that capacity, the Service Provider can then release and reallocate that same capacity to a different customer in an automated fashion.

Metered by use

 * 1) Cloud Backup allows customers to align the value of data with the cost of protecting it. It is procured on a per-gigabyte per month basis. Prices tend to vary based on the age of data, type of data (email, databases, files etc.), volume, number of backup copies and RTOs.

Cloud Backup is a modern and efficient data backup solution that operates on a native cloud multitenant platform. This advanced platform is specifically designed to share resources among users, which makes data mobility possible for customers. With this solution, customers are not restricted to a single provider and can effortlessly move their data to another provider or back to a dedicated Private or Hybrid Cloud. The security of customer data is of utmost importance, and service providers take all necessary measures to ensure that customer data is always kept private and secure. Such security measures include making sure that customer data is never accessible to other customers. Service providers should also only access customer data with explicit permission. By adhering to these strict security measures, Cloud Backup providers can offer peace of mind to their customers and build trust in their services, making it a reliable and trustworthy data backup solution for businesses of all sizes.

Enterprise-class cloud backup
An enterprise-class cloud backup solution must include an on-premises cache, to mitigate any issues due to inconsistent Internet connectivity.

Hybrid cloud backup works by storing data to local disk so that the backup can be captured at high speed, and then either the backup software or a D2D2C (Disk to Disk to Cloud) appliance encrypts and transmits data to a service provider. This adds protection against local disasters. Recent backups are retained locally, to speed data recovery operations.

There are a number of cloud storage appliances on the market that can be used as a backup target, including appliances from CTERA Networks, StorSimple and TwinStrata.

Hybrid cloud backup is also beneficial for enterprise users who have security concerns. When storing data locally before sending it to the cloud, backup users can perform the necessary encryption operations, incl. technologies like: Data encryption should additionally be applied when you choose a public cloud service provider.
 * Data encryption cipher (AES 128, AES192, AES256 or blowfish)
 * Windows Encrypting File System (EFS)
 * Verification of files previously catalogued, permitting a Tripwire-like capability
 * CRAM-MD5 password authentication between each component (storage, client and cloud)
 * Configurable TLS (SSL) communications encryption between each component (storage, client and cloud)
 * Computation of MD5 or SHA1 signatures of the file data, if configured

The same is important for the compression of backup data. The local backup cache is used to compress the data before sending it to the cloud in order to lower the network bandwidth load and improve backup speed. This becomes critical for enterprises which backup huge databases like Oracle or MS SQL or huge files like virtual machine images or mail server databases (EDB files of Exchange).

Recent improvements in CPU availability allow increased use of software agents instead of hardware appliances for enterprise cloud backup. The software-only approach can offer advantages including decreased complexity, simple scalability, significant cost savings and improved data recovery times.

Typical features

 * Encryption: Data should be encrypted before it is sent across the internet, and it should be stored in its encrypted state. Encryption should be at least 256 bits, and the user should have the option of using his own encryption key, which should never be sent to the server.
 * Network backup: A backup service supporting network backup can back up multiple computers, servers or Network Attached Storage appliances on a local area network from a single computer or device.
 * Continuous backup – Continuous Data Protection: Allows the service to back up continuously or on a predefined schedule. Both methods have advantages and disadvantages. Most backup services are schedule-based and perform backups at a predetermined time. Some services provide continuous data backups which are used by large financial institutions and large online retailers. However, there is typically a trade-off with performance and system resources.
 * File-by-File Restore: The ability for users to restore files themselves, without the assistance of a Service Provider by allowing the user select files by name and/or folder. Some services allow users to select files by searching for filenames and folder names, by dates, by file type, by backup set, and by tags.
 * Online access to files: Some services allow you to access backed-up files via a normal web browser. Many services do not provide this type of functionality.
 * Data compression: Data will typically be compressed with a lossless compression algorithm to minimize the amount of bandwidth used.
 * Differential data compression: A way to further minimize network traffic is to transfer only the binary data that has changed from one day to the next, similar to the open source file transfer service Rsync. More advanced online backup services use this method rather than transfer entire files.
 * Bandwidth usage: User-selectable option to use more or less bandwidth; it may be possible to set this to change at various times of day.
 * Off-Line Backup: Off-Line Backup allows along with and as part of the online backup solution to cover daily backups in time when network connection is down. At this time the remote backup software must perform backup onto a local media device like a tape drive, a disk or another server. The minute network connection is restored remote backup software will update the remote datacenter with the changes coming out of the off-line backup media.
 * Synchronization: Many services support data synchronization allowing users to keep a consistent library of all their files across many computers. The technology can help productivity and increase access to data.

Common features for business users

 * Bulk restore
 * A way to restore data from a portable storage device when a full restore over the Internet might take too long.

 * Centralized management console
 * Allows for an IT department or staff member to monitor and manage backups & restores for the regular user.

 * File retention policies
 * Many businesses require a flexible file retention policy that can be applied to an unlimited number of groups of files called "sets".

 * Fully managed services
 * Some services offer a higher level of support to businesses that might request immediate help, proactive monitoring, personal visits from their service provider, or telephone support.

 * Redundancy
 * Multiple copies of data backed up at different locations. This can be achieved by having two or more mirrored data centers, or by keeping a local copy of the latest version of backed up data on site with the business.

 * Regulatory compliance
 * Some businesses are required to comply with government regulations that govern privacy, disclosure, and legal discovery. A service provider that offers this type of service assists customers with proper compliance with and understanding of these laws.

 * Seed loading
 * Ability to send a first backup on a portable storage device rather than over the Internet when a user has large amounts of data that they need quickly backed up.

 * Server backup
 * Many businesses require backups of servers and the special applications or databases that run on them, such as groupware, SQL, ERP- or CRM-systems and directory services. This requires not only regular file-based approach, but specific point-in-time backups and restores for databases.

 * Versioning
 * Keeps multiple past versions of files to allow for rollback to or restoration from a specific point in time.

Cost factors
Online backup services are usually priced as a function of the following things:
 * 1) The total amount of data being backed up.
 * 2) The total amount of data being restored.
 * 3) The number of machines covered by the backup service.
 * 4) The maximum number of versions of each file that are kept.
 * 5) Data retention and archiving period options
 * 6) Managed backups vs. Unmanaged backups
 * 7) The level of service and features available

Some vendors limit the number of versions of a file that can be kept in the system. Some services omit this restriction and provide an unlimited number of versions. Add-on features (plug-ins), like the ability to back up currently open or locked files, are usually charged as an extra, but some services provide this built in.

Most remote backup services reduce the amount of data to be sent over the wire by only backing up changed files. This approach to backing up means that the customers total stored data is reduced. Reducing the amount of data sent and also stored can be further drastically reduced by only transmitting the changed data bits by binary or block level incremental backups. Solutions that transmit only these changed binary data bits do not waste bandwidth by transmitting the same file data over and over again if only small amounts change.

Advantages
Remote backup has advantages over traditional backup methods:
 * Remote backup does not require user intervention. The user does not have to change tapes, label CDs or perform other manual steps.
 * Unlimited data retention (presuming the backup provider stays in business).
 * Some remote backup services will work continuously, backing up files as they are changed.
 * Most remote backup services will maintain a list of versions of your files.
 * Most remote backup services will use a 128 – 2048 bit encryption to send data over unsecured links (e.g. internet).
 * A few remote backup services can reduce backup by only transmitting changed data.
 * Manage and secure digital data information.

Disadvantages
Remote backup has some disadvantages over traditional backup methods:
 * Depending on the available network bandwidth, the restoration of data can be slow. Because data is stored offsite, the data must be recovered either via the Internet or via a disk shipped from the online backup service provider.
 * Some backup service providers have no guarantee that stored data will be kept private.
 * It is possible that a remote backup service provider could go out of business or be purchased, which may affect the accessibility of one's data or the cost to continue using the service.
 * If the encryption password is lost, data recovery will be impossible. However, with managed services this should not be a problem.
 * Residential broadband services often have monthly limits that preclude large backups. They are also usually asymmetric; the user-to-network link regularly used to store backups is much slower than the network-to-user link used only when data is restored.
 * In terms of price, when looking at the raw cost of hard disks, remote backups cost about 1-20 times per GB what a local backup would.

Managed vs. unmanaged
Some services provide expert backup management services as part of the overall offering. These services typically include:
 * Assistance configuring the initial backup
 * Continuous monitoring of the backup processes on the client machines to ensure that backups actually happen
 * Proactive alerting in the event that any backups fail
 * Assistance in restoring and recovering data

Scheduled vs. manual vs. event-based backup
There are three distinct types of backup modes: scheduled, manual and event-based.
 * Scheduled Backup – data is backed up according to a fixed schedule.
 * Manual Backup – backup of data is triggered by user input.
 * Event-based Backup – backup of data is triggered by some computer events, e.g. database or application stoppage (cold backup).

title: Remote backup service


text:
L'Ami du peuple

L'Ami du peuple (, The Friend of the People) was a newspaper written by Jean-Paul Marat during the French Revolution. "The most celebrated radical paper of the Revolution", according to historian Jeremy D. Popkin, L’Ami du peuple was a vocal advocate for the rights of the lower classes and was an outspoken critic against those Marat believed to be enemies of the people, which he had no hesitation mentioning in his writings. These papers were considered dangerous because they often ignited violent and rebellious behavior.

Inception
As an elector for the District of the Carmes Déchaussés in 1789, Marat tried to persuade the electoral assembly to publish a journal to keep their electorate informed of current political events. When they did not take up his proposal, Marat resigned his post as elector in order to concentrate on writing a journal himself, at first entitled Le Publiciste parisien. The first issue was published 12 September 1789. After several issues, the name was changed to L’Ami du peuple.

Early struggles
The journal was printed in octavo format, and was usually eight pages long, although occasionally expanding to twelve or sixteen pages. Marat ordinarily published L’Ami du Peuple on a daily basis, but there are several gaps in its publication due to Marat’s several times going into hiding to avoid arrest, during which he did not print his journal. His continual attacks against Jacques Necker, Jean Sylvain Bailly, the comte de Mirabeau, the Paris Commune, the marquis de Lafayette, the National Constituent Assembly, the Legislative Assembly, the National Convention, the émigrés, and King Louis XVI himself caused several decrees of outlawry and accusation against him and attempts to suppress his journal. His press was destroyed and copies of L’Ami du peuple confiscated at least twice. On one occasion his printer was arrested and imprisoned, and the plates used to print an especially controversial issue—in which he threatened to tear out the heart of Lafayette, burn the King, and impale the deputies of the Assembly upon their seats—were destroyed.

Marat, with no source of independent income, used much of his own savings to print L’Ami du peuple. In early 1792, after returning from a two-month stay in England, he could not afford to continue the journal. With the financial support of his new common-law wife, Simone Evrard, he was able to renew publication. After the suspension of the monarchy on August 10, 1792, the Committee of Police and Surveillance of the Paris Commune gave Marat four of the royal presses, and the new imprimerie de Marat was set up in the basement of the Convent of the Cordeliers.

Marat's time in National Convention
On September 9, 1792, Marat was elected to the National Convention. On September 25, he began a new journal entitled Journal de la République française. In April 1793, the Girondists passed a law (later repealed) making it illegal for members of the Convention to be at the same time legislators and journalists; in response, Marat changed the name of his journal again—this time to Publiciste de la Révolution française—claiming to be a publicist, not a journalist. It would continue under this name until his death.

Marat resigned from the Convention on June 3, 1793, after the overthrow of the Girondists was complete. His skin disease was now accompanied by a lung complaint, and he spent much of his time in a medicinal bath. His journal during this time consists mostly of letters from his many correspondents. On July 13, Marat was murdered by Charlotte Corday; the last edition of his journal was published the day after his death.

Impact and influence
In all, Marat's L’Ami du peuple ran to nearly seven hundred issues, and the journal he began at his election to the Convention ran to nearly two hundred and fifty issues, in addition to his many other pamphlets. The popularity of his paper led to many counterfeits during his periods of hiding (by those in sympathy with his views and those wishing to misrepresent him) and after his death. His incendiary journalism is credited with playing a significant role in the Women's March on Versailles in October 1789, the suspension of the monarchy on August 10, 1792, the September Massacres and inciting other actions of the revolutionary crowd.

In Marat's own words
Marat describes the start and evolution of his journal (alongside his political views) in his journal of March 19, 1793:

"At the outbreak of the Revolution, wearied by the persecutions that I had experienced for so long a time at the hands of the Academy of Sciences, I eagerly embraced the occasion that presented itself of defeating my oppressors and attaining my proper position. I came to the Revolution with my ideas already formed, and I was so familiar with the principles of high politics that they had become commonplaces for me. Having had greater confidence in the mock patriots of the Constituent Assembly than they deserved, I was surprised at their pettiness, their lack of virtue. Believing that they needed light, I entered into correspondence with the most famous deputies, notably with Chapelier, Mirabeau, and Barnave. Their stubborn silence on all my letters soon proved to me that though they needed light, they cared little to be enlightened. I adopted the course of publishing my ideas by means of the press. I founded the Ami du Peuple. I began it with a severe but honest tone, that of a man who wishes to tell the truth without breaking the conventions of society. I maintained that tone for two whole months. Disappointed in finding that it did not produce the entire effect that I had expected, and indignant that the boldness of the unfaithful representatives of the people and of the lying public officials was steadily increasing, I felt that it was necessary to renounce moderation and to substitute satire and irony for simple censure. The bitterness of the satire increased with the number of mismanagements, the iniquies. Strongly convinced of the absolute perversity of the supporters of the old regime and the enemies of liberty, I felt that nothing could be obtained from them except by force. Revolted by their attempts, by their ever-recurrent plots, I realized that no end would be put to these except by exterminating the ones guilty of them. Outraged at seeing the representatives of the nation in league with its deadliest enemies and the laws serving only to tyrannize over the innocent whom they ought to have protected, I recalled to the sovereign people that since they had nothing more to expect from their representatives, it behooved them to mete out justice for themselves. This was done several times."

title: L'Ami du peuple


text:
Turning Japanese

"Turning Japanese" is a song by English band the Vapors, from their 1980 album New Clear Days. It was an international hit, becoming the band's most well-known song. The song prominently features the Oriental riff played on guitar.

Composition and recording
According to songwriter David Fenton, "Turning Japanese is all the clichés about angst and youth and turning into something you didn't expect." Fenton intended the song to be a love song, with the character of the song "pining over a photograph of his ex-girlfriend" in his bedroom, drawing from Fenton's own experience of being rejected. Fenton wrote the song in his flat, but had problems writing the chorus. He said that the chorus then came to him suddenly when he woke up at 4am with the line "Turning Japanese, I think I'm turning Japanese" in his head, and he used it even though the words and the song title did not "really mean much".

The song was produced by Vic Coppersmith-Heaven, who had previously rejected a request to produce for the band after listening to demos sent to him by the band's managers John Weller (father of Paul Weller) and Bruce Foxton. The band's unsuccessful first single "Prisoners" was therefore produced by someone else. He later had another listen to the demos and agreed to produce "Turning Japanese" for them. Coppersmith-Heaven proposed several changes to the arrangement of the song, so the finished recording has a different arrangement from the demo. He recorded the Vapors live to capture the energy of the band, before stripping it down to just the drums, and then overdubbed the song. According to Fenton, the drummer did not like the song, and "just went "Boom! Splat!"" in the recording, but the band thought it sounded good and kept it.

The band suspected they would score a hit with "Turning Japanese", even delaying its release in order to make it their second single, hoping to avoid becoming "one-hit wonders". Nonetheless, they never matched the single's success. In Australia, it spent two weeks at No. 1 during June 1980, and, coincidentally, the song was also a minor hit in Japan.

The music video was directed by Russell Mulcahy.

Covers
The American ska punk band, Skankin' Pickle, covered the song on their 1994 album Sing Along With Skankin' Pickle.

A cover of the song was also featured on America singer-songwriter Liz Phair's 1995 EP Juvenilia.

The song was featured on the soundtrack of the 1997 movie Beverly Hills Ninja covered by the band The Hazies.

Kirsten Dunst recorded a cover, with an accompanying video filmed and directed by McG and produced by Takashi Murakami in Tokyo in August 2009.

On the Canadian sketch comedy series Second City Television, Rick Moranis performed a lounge-style version of the song as the character Tom Monroe.

title: Turning Japanese


text:
Category:Padua asteroids

See parent category for proper sortkey usage instructions.

title: Category:Padua asteroids


text:
Talk:Mäntyniemi

Untitled
ei copypaste is not bad in wikipedia, its useful. im wondering why the wood is renovated in Mantyniemi this year before elections — Preceding unsigned comment added by 188.4.92.148 (talk) 07:46, 26 November 2011 (UTC)

Copyvio
I removed most of the earlier version because it was basically a copy-paste from with minor changes in some sentences. --Jonik 20:41, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

How about improving this page with the following template:

?

--Siipikarja 19:31, 14 September 2007 (UTC)

Where?
Article does not explain where it is. 62.78.240.22 (talk) 16:27, 6 February 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mäntyniemi


text:
May 12 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

May 11 - Eastern Orthodox Church calendar - May 13

All fixed commemorations below celebrated on May 25 by Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For May 12th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on April 29.

Saints

 * Saint Domitilla the martyr (c. 81-96)
 * Saints Nereus and Achilleus the martyrs (100)
 * Saint Dracontius, Bishop of Nicaea (c. 1st to 3rd centuries)
 * Saint Epiphanius, Bishop of Salamis and Metropolitan of Cyprus (403)
 * Saint Calliope (Callitropos), nun, sister of St. Epiphanius of Cyprus.
 * Saint Sabinus, Archbishop of Cyprus (successor of St. Epiphanius to the Cypriot cathedra) (5th century)
 * Saint Polybius, Bishop of Cyprus, Wonderworker (5th century)
 * Saint Theophanes, Archbishop of Cyprus (7th century)
 * Patriarch Germanus I of Constantinople (740)
 * Venerable Theodore of Kythera, ascetic (922)

Pre-Schism Western saints

 * Saint Philip of Agira the Hieromartyr (103)

 * Martyr Pancratius of Rome (304)
 * Martyr Dionysius (Denis), uncle of St. Pancratius (304)
 * Saint Díoma, teacher of St Declan of Ardmore, patron-saint of Kildimo in Co. Limerick in Ireland (5th century)
 * Saint Modoald, Archbishop of Trier, related by blood and united by friendship with most of the saints of the Merovingian period (640)
 * Saint Rictrudis, Abbess of Marchiennes Abbey in Flanders (688)
 * Saint Æthelhard, Archbishop of Canterbury (805)

Post-Schism Orthodox saints

 * Saint Euthemius (Euthymius), Patriarch of Jerusalem (c. 1084? c. 1224?) )
 * Saint Nikitas the Sinaite
 * New Martyr John of Serres (15th century)
 * Saint Theophanes, Bishop of Solea (Solia), Cyprus, later a hermit in the Troodos Mountains; the Outpourer of Myrrh (1550)
 * Monk Dorotheus, (disciple of St. Dionysius of Troitse-Sergiyeva Lavra) (1622)
 * Venerable Dionysius of Radonezh, Archimandrite of the Troitse-Sergiyeva Lavra(1633)
 * New Martyr John of Wallachia, at Constantinople (1662)
 * Saint Anthony (Medvedev) of Radonezh, Archimandrite of Troitse-Sergiyeva Lavra (1877)
 * Repose of Saint Nectarius (Tikhonov) of Optina (1928)
 * Holy Elders of the Sofronievo-Molchensk (Molchansk) Hermitage (glorification in 2009):
 * Archimandrite Theodosy (Maslov);
 * Hieromonk Serapion;
 * Monk Sophronius (Batovrin);
 * Novice Sergius (Tikhonov), fool-for-Christ.

New martyrs and confessors

 * New Martyr Abbess Athanasia (Lepeshkina), of the Smolensk Hodigitria Convent near Moscow (1931)
 * New Hieromartyr Peter Popov, priest of Yaroslavl-Rostov (1937)
 * Martyr Evdokia Martishkina (1938)

Other commemorations

 * Consecration of the Cathedral of the Theotokos at Kiev (in 996)
 * Glorification (1913) of Hieromartyr Patriarch Hermogenes of Moscow (1612)
 * Discovery of the holy relics (1961) of Saint Irene of Lesvos the Virgin-martyr (1463)
 * Second Uncovering of the relics (1992) of Righteous Simeon of Verkhoturye (1642)

title: May 12 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)


text:
Talk:Live Licks

Fair use rationale for Image:Rollingstoneslivelickstoplesscover.jpg
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Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 07:33, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Rollingstoneslivelicksbikinicover.jpg
Image:Rollingstoneslivelicksbikinicover.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 07:34, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion
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title: Talk:Live Licks


text: Category:History of Cuba

title: Category:History of Cuba


text:
Mary Oliver

Mary Jane Oliver (September 10, 1935 – January 17, 2019) was an American poet who won the National Book Award and the Pulitzer Prize. She found inspiration for her work in nature and had a lifelong habit of solitary walks in the wild. Her poetry is characterized by a sincere wonderment and profound connection with the environment, conveyed in unadorned language and simple yet striking imagery. In 2007, she was declared to be the country's best-selling poet.

Early life
Mary Oliver was born to Edward William and Helen M. Oliver on September 10, 1935, in Maple Heights, Ohio, a semi-rural suburb of Cleveland. Her father was a social studies teacher and an athletics coach in the Cleveland public schools. As a child, she spent a great deal of time outside where she enjoyed going on walks or reading. In an interview with the Christian Science Monitor in 1992, Oliver commented on growing up in Ohio, saying "'It was pastoral, it was nice, it was an extended family. I don't know why I felt such an affinity with the natural world except that it was available to me, that's the first thing. It was right there. And for whatever reasons, I felt those first important connections, those first experiences being made with the natural world rather than with the social world.'" In 2011, in an interview with Maria Shriver, Oliver described her family as dysfunctional, adding that though her childhood was very hard, writing helped her create her own world. Oliver revealed in the interview with Shriver that she had been sexually abused as a child and had experienced recurring nightmares.

Oliver began writing poetry at the age of 14. She graduated from the local high school in Maple Heights. In the summer of 1951 at the age of 15 she attended the National Music Camp at Interlochen, Michigan, now known as Interlochen Arts Camp, where she was in the percussion section of the National High School Orchestra. At 17 she visited the home of the late Pulitzer Prize-winning poet Edna St. Vincent Millay, in Austerlitz, New York, where she then formed a friendship with the late poet's sister Norma. Oliver and Norma spent the next six to seven years at the estate organizing Edna St. Vincent Millay's papers.

Oliver studied at Ohio State University and Vassar College in the mid-1950s but did not receive a degree at either college.

Career
She worked at  Steepletop , the estate of Edna St. Vincent Millay, as secretary to the poet' s sister. Oliver's first collection of poems, No Voyage, and Other Poems, was published in 1963 when she was 28. During the early 1980s, Oliver taught at Case Western Reserve University. Her fifth collection of poetry, American Primitive, won the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry in 1984. She was Poet In Residence at Bucknell University (1986) and Margaret Banister Writer in Residence at Sweet Briar College (1991), then moved to Bennington, Vermont, where she held the Catharine Osgood Foster Chair for Distinguished Teaching at Bennington College until 2001.

She won the Christopher Award and the L. L. Winship/PEN New England Award for her piece House of Light (1990), and New and Selected Poems (1992) won the National Book Award. Oliver's work turns towards nature for its inspiration and describes the sense of wonder it instilled in her. "When it's over," she says, "I want to say: all my life / I was a bride married to amazement. I was the bridegroom, taking the world into my arms." ("When Death Comes" from New and Selected Poems (1992)) Her collections Winter Hours: Prose, Prose Poems, and Poems (1999), Why I Wake Early (2004), and New and Selected Poems, Volume 2 (2004) build the themes. The first and second parts of Leaf and the Cloud are featured in The Best American Poetry 1999 and 2000, and her essays appear in Best American Essays 1996, 1998, and 2001. Oliver was the editor of the 2009 edition of Best American Essays.

Poetic identity
Mary Oliver's poetry is grounded in memories of Ohio and her adopted home of New England, with Provincetown acting as the principal setting for her work after she moved there in the 1960s. Influenced by both Whitman and Thoreau, she is known for her clear and poignant observations of the natural world. In fact, according to the 1983 Chronology of American Literature, the "American Primitive," one of Oliver's collection of poems, "...presents a new kind of Romanticism that refuses to acknowledge boundaries between nature and the observing self." Nature stirred her creativity, and Oliver, an avid walker, often pursued inspiration on foot. Her poems are filled with imagery from her daily walks near her home: shore birds, water snakes, the phases of the moon, and humpback whales. In Long Life she says "[I] go off to my woods, my ponds, my sun-filled harbor, no more than a blue comma on the map of the world but, to me, the emblem of everything." She commented in a rare interview "When things are going well, you know, the walk does not get rapid or get anywhere: I finally just stop and write. That's a successful walk!" She said she once found herself walking in the woods with no pen and later hid pencils in the trees so she would never be stuck in that place again. She often carried a 3-by-5-inch hand-sewn notebook for recording impressions and phrases. Maxine Kumin called Oliver "a patroller of wetlands in the same way that Thoreau was an inspector of snowstorms." Oliver stated that her favorite poets were Walt Whitman, Rumi, Hafez, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Percy Bysshe Shelley, and John Keats.

Oliver was also compared to Emily Dickinson, with whom she shared an affinity for solitude and inner monologues. Her poetry combines dark introspection with joyous release. Although she was criticized for writing poetry that assumes a close relationship between women and nature, she found that the self is only strengthened through an immersion in the natural environment. Oliver is also known for her straightforward language and accessible themes. The Harvard Review describes her work as an antidote to "inattention and the baroque conventions of our social and professional lives. She is a poet of wisdom and generosity whose vision allows us to look intimately at a world not of our making."

In 2007 The New York Times described her as "far and away, this country's best-selling poet."

Personal life
On a visit to Austerlitz in the late 1950s, Oliver met photographer Molly Malone Cook, who would become her partner for over forty years. In Our World, a book of Cook's photos and journal excerpts Oliver compiled after Cook's death, Oliver writes, "I took one look [at Cook] and fell, hook and tumble." Cook was Oliver's literary agent. They made their home largely in Provincetown, Massachusetts, where they lived until Cook's death in 2005, and where Oliver continued to live until relocating to Florida. Of Provincetown, she recalled, "I too fell in love with the town, that marvelous convergence of land and water; Mediterranean light; fishermen who made their living by hard and difficult work from frighteningly small boats; and, both residents and sometime visitors, the many artists and writers.[...] M. and I decided to stay."

Oliver valued her privacy and gave very few interviews, saying she preferred for her writing to speak for itself.

Death
In 2012, Oliver was diagnosed with lung cancer, but was treated and given a "clean bill of health." Oliver died of lymphoma on January 17, 2019, at the age of 83.

Critical reviews
Maxine Kumin describes Mary Oliver in the Women's Review of Books as an "indefatigable guide to the natural world, particularly to its lesser-known aspects." Reviewing Dream Work for The Nation, critic Alicia Ostriker numbered Oliver among America's finest poets: "visionary as Emerson [... she is] among the few American poets who can describe and transmit ecstasy, while retaining a practical awareness of the world as one of predators and prey." New York Times reviewer Bruce Bennetin stated that the Pulitzer Prize–winning collection American Primitive, "insists on the primacy of the physical" while Holly Prado of Los Angeles Times Book Review noted that it "touches a vitality in the familiar that invests it with a fresh intensity."

Vicki Graham suggests Oliver over-simplifies the affiliation of gender and nature: "Oliver's celebration of dissolution into the natural world troubles some critics: her poems flirt dangerously with romantic assumptions about the close association of women with nature that many theorists claim put the woman writer at risk." In her article "The Language of Nature in the Poetry of Mary Oliver", Diane S. Bond echoes that "few feminists have wholeheartedly appreciated Oliver's work, and though some critics have read her poems as revolutionary reconstructions of the female subject, others remain skeptical that identification with nature can empower women." In The Harvard Gay & Lesbian Review, Sue Russell notes that "Mary Oliver will never be a balladeer of contemporary lesbian life in the vein of Marilyn Hacker, or an important political thinker like Adrienne Rich; but the fact that she chooses not to write from a similar political or narrative stance makes her all the more valuable to our collective culture."

Selected awards and honors

 * 1969/70 Shelley Memorial Award from the Poetry Society of America.
 * 1980 Guggenheim Foundation Fellowship
 * 1984 Pulitzer Prize for Poetry for American Primitive
 * 1991 L.L. Winship/PEN New England Award for House of Light
 * 1992 National Book Award for Poetry for New and Selected Poems
 * 1998 Lannan Literary Award for poetry
 * 1998 Honorary Doctorate from The Art Institute of Boston
 * 2003 Honorary membership into Phi Beta Kappa from Harvard University.
 * 2007 Honorary Doctorate Dartmouth College
 * 2008 Honorary Doctorate Tufts University
 * 2012 Honorary Doctorate from Marquette University
 * 2012 Goodreads Choice Award for Best Poetry for A Thousand Mornings

Poetry collections

 * 1963 No Voyage, and Other Poems Dent (New York, NY), expanded edition, Houghton Mifflin (Boston, MA), 1965.
 * 1972 The River Styx, Ohio, and Other Poems Harcourt (New York, NY) ISBN 978-0-15-177750-1
 * 1978 The Night Traveler Bits Press
 * 1978 Sleeping in the Forest Ohio University (a 12-page chapbook, p. 49–60 in The Ohio Review—Vol. 19, No. 1 [Winter 1978])
 * 1979 Twelve Moons Little, Brown (Boston, MA), ISBN 0316650013
 * 1983 American Primitive Little, Brown (Boston, MA) ISBN 978-0-316-65004-5
 * 1986 Dream Work Atlantic Monthly Press (Boston, MA) ISBN 978-0-87113-069-3
 * 1987 Provincetown Appletree Alley, limited edition with woodcuts by Barnard Taylor
 * 1990 House of Light Beacon Press (Boston, MA) ISBN 978-0-8070-6810-6
 * 1992 New and Selected Poems [volume one] Beacon Press (Boston, MA), ISBN 978-0-8070-6818-2
 * 1994 White Pine: Poems and Prose Poems Harcourt (San Diego, CA) ISBN 978-0-15-600120-5
 * 1995 Blue Pastures Harcourt (New York, NY) ISBN 978-0-15-600215-8
 * 1997 West Wind: Poems and Prose Poems Houghton Mifflin (Boston, MA) ISBN 978-0-395-85085-5
 * 1999 Winter Hours: Prose, Prose Poems, and Poems Houghton Mifflin (Boston, MA) ISBN 978-0-395-85087-9
 * 2000 The Leaf and the Cloud Da Capo (Cambridge, Massachusetts), (prose poem) ISBN 978-0-306-81073-2
 * 2002 What Do We Know Da Capo (Cambridge, Massachusetts) ISBN 978-0-306-81206-4
 * 2003 Owls and Other Fantasies: poems and essays Beacon (Boston, MA) ISBN 978-0-8070-6868-7
 * 2004 Why I Wake Early: New Poems Beacon (Boston, MA) ISBN 978-0-8070-6879-3
 * 2004 Blue Iris: Poems and Essays Beacon (Boston, MA) ISBN 978-0-8070-6882-3
 * 2004 Wild geese: selected poems, Bloodaxe, ISBN 978-1-85224-628-0
 * 2005 New and Selected Poems, volume two Beacon (Boston, MA) ISBN 978-0-8070-6886-1
 * 2005 At Blackwater Pond: Mary Oliver Reads Mary Oliver (audio cd)
 * 2006 Thirst: Poems (Boston, MA) ISBN 978-0-8070-6896-0
 * 2007 Our World with photographs by Molly Malone Cook, Beacon (Boston, MA)
 * 2008 The Truro Bear and Other Adventures: Poems and Essays, Beacon Press, ISBN 978-0-8070-6884-7
 * 2008 Red Bird Beacon (Boston, MA) ISBN 978-0-8070-6892-2
 * 2009 Evidence Beacon (Boston, MA) ISBN 978-0-8070-6898-4
 * 2010 Swan: Poems and Prose Poems (Boston, MA) ISBN 978-0-8070-6899-1
 * 2012 A Thousand Mornings Penguin (New York, NY) ISBN 978-1-59420-477-7
 * 2013 Dog Songs Penguin Press (New York, NY) ISBN 978-1-59420-478-4
 * 2014 Blue Horses Penguin Press (New York, NY) ISBN 978-1-59420-479-1
 * 2015 Felicity Penguin Press (New York, NY) ISBN 978-1-59420-676-4
 * 2017 Devotions The Selected Poems of Mary Oliver Penguin Press (New York, NY) ISBN 978-0-399-56324-9

Non-fiction books and other collections

 * 1994 A Poetry Handbook Harcourt (San Diego, CA) ISBN 978-0-15-672400-5
 * 1998 Rules for the Dance: A Handbook for Writing and Reading Metrical Verse Houghton Mifflin (Boston, MA) ISBN 978-0-395-85086-2
 * 2004 Long Life: Essays and Other Writings Da Capo (Cambridge, Massachusetts) ISBN 978-0-306-81412-9
 * 2016 Upstream: Selected Essays Penguin (New York, NY) ISBN 978-1-594-20670-2

Works in translation
Catalan
 * 2018 Ocell Roig (translated by Corina Oproae) Bilingual Edition. Godall Edicions.

title: Mary Oliver


text:
User talk:Jwdietrich2

Welcome to the Wikipedia
I noticed you were new, and wanted to share some links I thought useful:

 * Tutorial
 * Help desk
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For more information click  here . You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

Sam Spade 20:44, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Edit summary
When editing an article on Wikipedia there is a small field labelled "Edit summary" under the main edit-box. It looks like this: The text written here will appear on the Recent changes page, in the page revision history, on the diff page, and in the watchlists of users who are watching that article. See m:Help:Edit summary for full information on this feature. When you leave the edit summary blank, some of your edits could be mistaken for vandalism and may be reverted, so please always briefly summarize your edits, especially when you are making subtle but important changes, like changing dates or numbers. Thank you. Oleg Alexandrov 21:11, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Diktyology
I've added the "prod" template to the article Diktyology, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but I don't believe it satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and I've explained why in the article (see also What Wikipedia is not and Importance). Please either work to improve the article if the topic is worthy of inclusion in Wikipedia, or, if you disagree, discuss the issues raised at Talk:Diktyology. If you remove the dated prod template, the article will not be deleted, but note that it may still be sent to Articles for deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. -- Jitse Niesen (talk) 06:13, 5 June 2006 (UTC)

 * The term diktyology is an alternative denomination of network theory that covers a broader definitorial space. The world is taken from the french and german nouns "Diktyologie" for the same concept. Due to the broader meaning of the word in the context of cybernetics and systems science I suggest keeping this article. --Jwdietrich2 16:59, 6 June 2006 (UTC)

Thank you for your response. If this is all that can be said about diktyology, then it seems to me that the article is more fit for a dictionary than an encyclopaedia. In our case, this would mean that it has to be moved from Wikipedia to Wiktionary. But there may well be scope to expand the article. Anyway, I'd like to ask you whether you could include a reference in which the word is used, preferably a publication which has undergone peer review. As a mathematician, I am especially interested in whether the term is indeed used in mathematics, as the article seems to claim. I get the distinct impression that it is used far less than "network theory". -- Jitse Niesen (talk) 04:17, 7 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Indeed, that may be the case. The term "diktyology" may be rarely used in Englisch. --Jwdietrich2 19:21, 27 June 2006 (UTC)

WikiProject Germany Invitation
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Medical cybernetics
Would you have a look please at the talk page there ? Thanks, Erkan Yilmaz 05:13, 26 May 2009 (UTC)

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Teechart
Could you take a look at the talk page there please, relates to proposal to remove TAChart section. Mmbcn (talk) 07:48, 26 February 2014 (UTC)

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Ways to improve Horst Mittelstaedt
Hi, I'm Prestonmag. Jwdietrich2, thanks for creating Horst Mittelstaedt!

I've just tagged the page, using our page curation tools, as having some issues to fix. He is referenced in at least one of the selected publications. Other references would enhance the article

The tags can be removed by you or another editor once the issues they mention are addressed. If you have questions, you can leave a comment on my talk page. Or, for more editing help, talk to the volunteers at the Teahouse. Prestonmag (talk) 16:57, 5 June 2016 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the suggestions. I have added the authority control template and someone else added external links. I hope that this provides enough evidence, but Ih will additionally try out the tools at Page Curation/Help.--Jwdietrich2 (talk) 17:19, 5 June 2016 (UTC)

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 * Thanks for reviewing the article. I have added some secondary sources and a link to a more detailed description now. Additionally, I have added a new section titled "Advantages and limitations", so that the article gains a more neutral perspective. --Jwdietrich2 (talk) 08:03, 1 February 2019 (UTC)

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 * Fixed by linking to correct page. --Jwdietrich2 (talk) 15:03, 12 February 2020 (UTC)

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Like recent specialized publications on topics one doesnt understand? Try these on
Here are the rules:
 * No Spamming (WP:COI) we dont like trolls and exploiters.
 * Yes to WP:SECONDARY we are an encyclopedia
 * Yes to WP:TERTIARY. ditto
 * No to news WP:NOTNEWS. ditto

For 2024, here are the publications on kynurenine. Should we cite them all?

T1 - Utilizing transcriptomics and metabolomics to unravel key genes and metabolites of maize seedlings in response to drought stress T1 - ARID5A stabilizes Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase expression and enhances CAR T cell exhaustion in colorectal cancer T1 - Integration of lipidomics and metabolomics reveals plasma and urinary profiles associated with pediatric Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections and its severity T1 - Mating-induced increase of kynurenine in Drosophila ovary enhances starvation resistance of progeny T1 - Investigation of tryptophan to kynurenine degradation in response to interferon-Œ≥ in melanoma cell lines T1 - Zinc Ameliorates Cadmium-Induced Immunotoxicity by Modulating Splenic Immunosuppressive Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Activity, Hematological Indices, and CD4+ T Cells via Inhibition of Cadmium Uptake in Male T1 - Comparative secretome metabolic dysregulation by six engineered dietary nanoparticles (EDNs) on the simulated gut microbiota T1 - Effect of different stress conditions on the formation of amino acid derivatives by Brewer's and Baker's yeast during fermentation T1 - Microbial biomarkers of risk for infection after liver transplant T1 - Construction method for intestinal microorganism-related metabolite mass spectrometry database and use thereof T1 - Effects of dietary rumen-protected choline supplementation to periparturient dairy cattle on inflammation and metabolism in mammary and liver tissue during an intramammary lipopolysaccharide challenge T1 - Silencing of aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor restrains Th17 cell immunity in autoimmune hepatitis T1 - Verification studies of tryptophan and kynurenine determination using HPLC and evaluation of the kynurenine pathway and neopterin levels in human colostrum samples T1 - Role of metabolomic profile as a potential marker to discriminate membranous nephropathy from IgA nephropathy T1 - Aflatoxin B1-induced redox imbalance in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of male Wistar rats is accompanied by altered cholinergic, indoleaminergic, and purinergic pathways: Abatement by dietary rutin T1 - Oligonucleotides targeting indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and uses for treating cancer and neutonal disease T1 - Oligonucleotides targeting indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase for treating cancer and neuronal disease T1 - Comparison of the impact of UV-light emitting diode and UV lamp at pilot-plant scale level on quality parameters and consumer perception of fresh chicken meat T1 - Method of producing mixture of biologically active substances: biogenic amines histamine, tryptamine, tyramine, kynurenine, as well as kynurenine derivative - kynurenic acid T1 - Protein therapeutics for treatment of senescent cells T1 - T cell epitopes associated with type 1 diabetes T1 - Detection of metabolites using a microfluidic-based CE-MS system, and diagnostic applications T1 - Co-exposure to sodium hypochlorite and cadmium induced locomotor behavior disorder by influencing neurotransmitter secretion and cardiac function in larval zebrafish T1 - Imidacloprid affects the visual behavior of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) by mediating the expression of opsin and phototransduction genes and altering the metabolism of neurotransmitters T1 - Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based quantitative method using tert-butyldimethylsilyl derivatization for plasma levels of free amino acids and related metabolites in Japanese Black cattle T1 - The contributions of neonatal inhalation of copper to air pollution-induced neurodevelopmental outcomes in mice T1 - Efficient production of an antitumor precursor actinocin and other medicinal molecules from kynurenine pathway in Escherichia coli T1 - Fatty acid modification of casein bioactive peptides nano-assemblies, synthesis, characterization and anticarcinogenic effect T1 - Kynurenic acid: translational perspectives of a therapeutically targetable gliotransmitter T1 - MARS: A Multipurpose Software for Untargeted LC-MS-Based Metabolomics and Exposomics T1 - Neuroprotective mechanisms of defatted walnut powder against scopolamine-induced Alzheimer‚Ä≤s disease in mice revealed through metabolomics and proteomics analyses T1 - Impact of using whole chestnut flour as a substitute for cake flour on digestion, functional and storage properties of chiffon cake: A potential application study T1 - Immunotolerance inducing composition for treating gestational hypertension T1 - Comparative metabolomic analysis and antigenicity comparison of cow milk and enzymatically treated cow milk T1 - Use of plasma molecular marker kynurenine in detection of early heart failure T1 - Guanosine diphosphate-mannose suppresses homologous recombination repair and potentiates antitumor immunity in triple-negative breast cancer T1 - Method for characterizing a vaginal microbial community and device, computer program and computer readable medium for executing said method T1 - Methods for determining impairments in neuro-metabolism in a subject in need thereof & means useful in the treatment thereof T1 - Selective inhibition of indoleamine and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenases: Comparative study on kynurenine pathway in cell lines via LC-MS/MS-based targeted metabolomics T1 - Disposable Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Modified Screen-Printed Electrodes for Rapid Electrochemical Detection of l-Kynurenine in Human Urine T1 - Distinct Metabolic Profiles of Ocular Hypertensives in Response to Hypoxia T1 - Patients with Neurodegenerative Proteinopathies Exhibit Altered Tryptophan Metabolism in the Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid T1 - A comparative study of plasma and dried blood spot metabolomics and its application to diabetes mellitus

Want more?, 400+ in 2023. 5000+ total.--Smokefoot (talk) 19:52, 23 March 2024 (UTC)

 * It is not about any publication on the kynurenine pathway. It is about autoimmune thyroiditis, a condition affecting about 5% of the population of developed countries. 10% of all hypothyroid patients suffer from considerably reduced quality of life despite normal concentrations of TSH, FT4 and FT3 despite treatment (syndrome T or SORSHOT).
 * That is, more than 1.6 million persons in the US and more than 2.2 million persons in the European Union alone are affected by a poorly understood disease that has severe consequences for their health and that may lead even to premature pension in advanced cases. Therefore, any hint on a potential cause of syndrome T is welcome.
 * I don’t understand, why you regard citing published research as “spamming”, especially in situations of unmet medical needs.
 * See, e.g. the paper “Paradigm shifts in thyroid hormone replacement therapies for hypothyroidism“ by Wilmar Wiersinga for reference (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24419358/). Or the book “Rethinking Hypothyroidism” by Antonio Bianco (ISBN 978-0-226-82316-4). Jwdietrich2 (talk) 20:47, 23 March 2024 (UTC)
 * So, you are interested in promoting information on various disorders? Very laudable.  To achieve that goal, ciite reviews and do not support the activity of trolls and spammers.--Smokefoot (talk) 22:48, 23 March 2024 (UTC)
 * See, e.g. the paper “Paradigm shifts in thyroid hormone replacement therapies for hypothyroidism“ by Wilmar Wiersinga for reference (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24419358/). Or the book “Rethinking Hypothyroidism” by Antonio Bianco (ISBN 978-0-226-82316-4). Jwdietrich2 (talk) 20:47, 23 March 2024 (UTC)
 * So, you are interested in promoting information on various disorders? Very laudable.  To achieve that goal, ciite reviews and do not support the activity of trolls and spammers.--Smokefoot (talk) 22:48, 23 March 2024 (UTC)
 * So, you are interested in promoting information on various disorders? Very laudable.  To achieve that goal, ciite reviews and do not support the activity of trolls and spammers.--Smokefoot (talk) 22:48, 23 March 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jwdietrich2


text:
List of Slovenian computer scientists

This is a list of the best-known Slovenian computer scientists.

B

 * Vladimir Batagelj (1948–)
 * Ivan Bratko (1946–)

J

 * Primož Jakopin

L

 * Ivo Lah (1896–1979)
 * Jure Leskovec

M

 * Andrej Mrvar

P

 * Marko Petkovšek (1955–)
 * Tomaž Pisanski (1949–)
 * Bogdan Pogorelc

T

 * Denis Trček (1965–)

V

 * Jurij Vega (1754–1802)

Z

 * Egon Zakrajšek (1941–2002)
 * Aleš Žiberna

title: List of Slovenian computer scientists


text:
Category:Massalia asteroids

See parent category for proper sortkey usage instructions.

title: Category:Massalia asteroids