text:
New Brunswick Laboratory

Now the NBL Program Office, the New Brunswick Laboratory (NBL), was a United States government-owned and operated, center of excellence in the measurement science of nuclear materials. It was established in 1949 by the Atomic Energy Commission and was located in New Brunswick, New Jersey. It was relocated between 1975 and 1977 and was located, as a Federal enclave, on the site of Argonne National Laboratory, about 40 kilometers (25 miles) southwest of Chicago, Illinois. NBL was part the Department of Energy's Office of Science Chicago Office.

NBL is the U.S. Government's Nuclear Materials Measurements and Reference Materials Laboratory and the National Certifying Authority for nuclear reference materials and measurement calibration standards. As an internationally recognized Federal laboratory, NBL provides reference materials, measurement and interlaboratory measurement evaluation services, and technical expertise for evaluating measurement methods and safeguards measures in use at other facilities for a variety of Federal program sponsors and customers. NBL functions as a Network Laboratory for the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).

NBL was reorganized into the NBL Program Office in 2016, and its nuclear reference materials were transferred to a new distribution center located near Oak Ridge, Tennessee. It is part of the National Nuclear Security Administration's Office of Defense Programs.

title: New Brunswick Laboratory


text:
Radiological and Environmental Sciences Laboratory

The Radiological and Environmental Sciences Laboratory (RESL) is a government-owned and government-operated laboratory operated by the United States Department of Energy Idaho Operations Office. It reports directly to the DOE-ID Assistant Manager for Technical Programs and Operations, and is located at the IRC in Idaho Falls, Idaho. RESL and its predecessor organizations have been part of the DOE-ID since 1949.

RESL provides an unbiased technical component to DOE oversight of contractor operations at DOE facilities and sites. As a reference laboratory, it conducts cost-effective measurement quality assurance programs that help assure that key DOE missions are completed in a safe and environmentally responsible manner. By assuring the quality and stability of key laboratory measurement systems throughout DOE, and by providing expert technical assistance to improve those systems and programs, it assures the reliability of data on which decisions are based. As a result, customers and stakeholders have greater confidence that those programs protect workers, the public, and the environment.

RESL's core scientific capabilities are in analytical chemistry and radiation calibrations and measurements. The RESL staff includes professional chemists, physicists, health physicists, engineers, computer programmers, and technicians, many of whom have advanced degrees. Their professional involvement includes participating in professional society activities, acting as reviewers and participating on working groups and committees for organizations such as the American Society for Testing and Materials, the Health Physics Society, the American Chemical Society, the Council on Ionizing Radiation Measurements and Standards, the American Water Works Association, the American National Standards Institute, and the International Organization for Standardization.

Constructed in 1951, the original RESL facility was demolished in 2018, and a "behemoth midcentury radiation detector" weighing 55 tons and located in the structure was "salvaged for modern use because of its invaluably rare material composition".

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
USS Stewart (DD-224)

USS Stewart (DD-224) was a Clemson-class destroyer destroyer in the United States Navy during World War II. She was the second ship named for Rear Admiral Charles Stewart. Scuttled in port at Surabaya, Java, she was later raised by the Japanese and commissioned as Patrol Boat No. 102. She came back under American control in 1945 after the occupation of Japan.

Design and construction
The Clemson-class was a modified version of the previous Wickes-class destroyer (itself a faster version of the Caldwell-class destroyer) with more fuel, as many of the Wickes-class had poor fuel economy and hence endurance. Like the Wickes-class ships, the Clemsons had flush decks and four funnels and were ordered in very large numbers to meet the US Navy's need for ships to counter German U-boats as well as to operate with the fleet.

Stewart was 314 ft long overall and 310 ft at the waterline, with a beam of 31 ft and a draft of 9 ft at full load. Displacement was 1215 LT normal and 1308 LT full load. Four White-Forster water-tube boilers supplied steam at 412 F and 265 psi to two sets of Parsons geared steam turbines, which in turn drove two propeller shafts. The machinery was rated at 25815 shp, giving a design speed of 35 kn. The ship had a designed endurance of 2500 nmi at 20 kn.

Main gun armament consisted of four 4 in /50 caliber guns, supplemented by a single 3 inch (76 mm) 23 caliber anti-aircraft gun, while torpedo armament consisted of twelve 21 inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes. The ship had a crew of 7 officers and 124 enlisted men. Stewart was one of a batch of 25 Clemson-class destroyers ordered from William Cramp & Sons on 19 December 1917. The destroyer was laid down on 9 September 1919 at Cramp's Philadelphia shipyard and launched on 4 March 1920; sponsored by Mrs. Margaretta Stewart Stevens, granddaughter of Rear Admiral Stewart. Stewart underwent successful sea trials on 8 September 1920, making an average speed of 35.09 kn during a four-hour full speed trial. Stewart was delivered to the US Navy on 15 September 1920, and commissioned the same day.

Between the wars
On commissioning, Stewart was assigned to Destroyer Division (DesDiv) 37, a reserve division of Destroyer Squadron (DesRon) 3 of the Atlantic Fleet, transferring to DesDiv 39 in October that year. After a year of coastal operations for reserve squadrons, Stewart joined Destroyer Squadron, Atlantic, on 12 October 1921. On 5 January, Stewart and five more destroyers left Charleston, South Carolina bound for the Caribbean, and on 6 January, Stewart was in a collision with USS Hopkins (DD-249), sustaining minor damage. Stewart took part in fleet exercises in the Caribbean from 12 January to 23 February 1922 before departing for Philadelphia. After a period of repairs, during which she was fitted with an echo sounder, Stewart, together with the destroyer tender USS Black Hawk (AD-9) and the other 12 destroyers of DesRon 15, departed Newport, Rhode Island, on 20 June and proceeded, via the Mediterranean Sea and the Indian Ocean, to the Philippines for service in the Asiatic Fleet. She would not return to the US for 23 years.

Stewart arrived at the Asiatic Fleet's base at Chefoo (now known as Yantai), China, on 26 August, and entered the routine of the Asiatic Fleet, which tended to operate in Chinese waters conducting training exercises from bases at Chefoo and Tsingtao in the summer and in Philippine waters, based at Cavite in the winter and making calls at Chinese ports during the transit in each direction. On 2 September 1923, Stewart left Dalian, China, arriving at Yokosuka, Japan, on 5 September to carry out relief operations (along with most of the destroyers of the Asiatic Fleet) in response to the Great Kantō earthquake which had heavily damaged that city and Tokyo on 30 and 31 August. Stewart left Chinese waters on 25 October 1923, arriving in the Philippines on 28 October, when she was docked down at Olongapo, with repair work continuing at Cavite until 18 November.

In early 1924, Stewart carried out surveying operations using her echo sounder. From 25 May to 16 June 1924, Stewart supported the flight of four US Army Douglas World Cruiser aircraft around the world, operating first in Japan and then at Shanghai.

Between 1924 and 1928, there were outbreaks of anti-foreign disturbances at Shanghai and Canton. Stewart transported marines to Shanghai in January 1925, and during the next years, spent periods augmenting the normal gunboat patrols on the Yangtze River and on the coast near Canton. Further outbreaks of unrest on cites on the Yangtze in September 1926, associated with the Northern Expedition of the Kuomintang led to Stewart being ordered upriver, and on 5 September, she was on passage between Shanghai and Hankou with the destroyer USS Pope (DD-225) when the two destroyers were fire on from the shore, with two men aboard Stewart slightly wounded. The two American destroyers did not return fire on this occasion. It was reported that all foreign steamers entering or leaving Hankou were being fired on by Kuomintang forces. On 10 September, Stewart and the gunboat USS Palos (PG-16) and the minesweeper USS Pigeon (ASR-6) when they came under rifle and artillery fire. This time, Stewart returned fire with rifles, machine guns and one 4-inch shell, which stopped the fire from shore.

On 18 February 1927, Stewart and the destroyer USS Paul Jones (DD-230) left Manila to search for the Elkton, a US merchant ship that had gone missing after leaving Iloilo on 9 February bound for New York with a cargo of sugar and coconut oil. The search, which was joined by the destroyers USS William B. Preston (DD-344) and USS Sicard (DD-346) on 20 February, was abandoned on 24 February, with nothing being found. Stewart was at Shanghai on 24 March 1927 when National Revolutionary Army troops attacked foreigners in the Nanking incident. For the next few months, the destroyer remained on the Yangtze, being based at Wuhu, Nanking, Shanghai, and Chenglin. On 27 March Stewart was on the way to Wuhu, when she was fired on, wounding three crewmen. Stewart was in collision with the merchant ship SS Luen Ho while on passage down the Yangtze on 5 November 1927, with the destroyer suffering a dented side. She remained in Chinese waters until 14 January 1928.

Stewart was off coast of China, near the Matsu Islands, when the Japanese launched an air and sea attack on Shanghai, the January 28 incident in late January 1932. The destroyer was ordered to Swatow to protect American citizens, remaining there from 1 to 3 February, before proceeding to Amoy, where she remained from 9 to 24 February, before arriving at Shanghai on 26 February 1932. On 23 March, Stewart collided with the British sloop HMS Sandwich (L12) and two Chinese barges. While Sandwich and one of the barges received little damage, the other barge lost a length of anchor chain, some of which ended up wound around Stewart's port propeller, which was badly damaged and required replacement. Stewart remained at Shanghai until 12 May 1932.

In January 1934, Stewart started an overhaul and repair period at Cavite alongside the Black Hawk, with work including inspecting and repairing the ship's port turbines. A fire broke out aboard on 10 February 1934 which was quickly extinguished. The overhaul continued into March, with Stewart demonstrating a speed of 32 kn during post repair sea trials. On 14 July 1934, Stewart dragged her anchor while at Chefoo, colliding with the Chinese warship Chuyku, but only sustained minor damage.

After full-scale war between Japan and China broke out in 1937 Stewart was continued to spend much of her time at Chinese ports and was stationed at Tsingtao and Shanghai from 15 August to 17 October 1937. On 1 October, Stewart was at Shanghai when Chinese aircraft carried out several air raids against Japanese ships and troops, with several bombs dropped near Stewart. After a mail run to Yokohama, Japan between 17 and 30 October, she returned to Chinese waters, leaving Shanghai on 18 December carrying newreel footage of the Japanese sinking of the American gunboat USS Panay (PR-5). Stewart was again stationed at Chinese ports from 21 February to 21 March 1938. On 30 July 1938, Stewart and the destroyers Pope and USS Parrott left Manila to search for the missing Pan American Airways flying boat Hawaii Clipper with the search continuing unsuccessfully until 6 August. Stewart returned to Chinese waters from 3 June to 4 September 1939. On the latter date, after the outbreak of war in Europe, she was ordered south for patrol duties in the Philippines, which she continued until entering the Cavite Navy Yard for overhaul on 5 April 1940. Upon leaving the yard on 1 June, Stewart acted as plane guard vessel for seaplanes flying between Guam and the Philippines and then made a final tour of Chinese Yellow Sea ports from 7 July to 23 September 1940. During 1941, she remained in the Philippines as the international situation worsened, carrying out patrols in Manila Bay and the southern Philippines.

World War II
On 27 November 1941, Admiral Thomas C. Hart, commander of the Asiatic Fleet, after receiving a war warning from the Chief of Naval Operations, ordered the major warships of the Asiatic Fleet to disperse to ports in the southern Philippines and the Dutch East Indies to minimise the potential for the fleet to be knocked out by Japanese air attack in the event of war, and to ease potential link up with Dutch forces. Stewart, along with the cruiser USS Marblehead (CL-12) and the destroyers USS Barker (DD-213), USS Bulmer (DD-222), Paul Jones and Parrott, was ordered to Tarakan in Borneo, arriving there on 29 November. Stewart was still at Tarakan when news of the outbreak of hostilities with Japan arrived on 8 December.

During the final weeks of 1941, she escorted naval auxiliaries from the Philippines to Port Darwin, Australia. On 9 January 1942 Stewart was one of five destroyers in an escort composed of the cruisers USS Boise (CL-47) and USS Marblehead (CL-12), with the other destroyers USS Bulmer (DD-222), USS Pope (DD-225), USS Parrott (DD-218), and USS Barker (DD-213) departing from Darwin to Surabaya escorting the transport Bloemfontein. That transport had been part of the Pensacola Convoy and had left Brisbane 30 December 1941 with Army reinforcements composed of the 26th Field Artillery Brigade and Headquarters Battery, the 1st Battalion, 131st Field Artillery and supplies from that convoy destined for Java.

On 30 January, Stewart joined Marblehead and sortied with her from Bunda Roads on 4 February to intercept Japanese forces at the south entrance to the Macassar Strait. However, Marblehead was badly damaged by air attacks during the day, and Stewart escorted her back to the base at Tjilatjap, Java.

Stewart joined Admiral Karel Doorman's striking force under the American-British-Dutch-Australian Command on 14 February for an attack on Japanese forces advancing along the northern coast of Sumatra. During the approach, Stewart had to back her engines to avoid a Dutch destroyer ahead of her which had run aground on a reef in Stolze Strait, and, on the following day, 15 February, she survived numerous air attacks in the Bangka Strait. Although they damaged no Allied ships, the air attacks convinced Admiral Doorman that further advance without air cover would be foolhardy, and the Allied force retired. Stewart was detached on 16 February to fuel at Ratai Bay in Sumatra.

Admiral Doorman's forces were scattered when the Japanese landed on Bali on 19 February, and he threw his ships against the enemy in three groups on the night of 19 and 20 February in the Battle of Badung Strait. Stewart was lead ship in the second group and, in several brief but furious night engagements, came under extremely accurate fire from Japanese destroyers. Her boats were shot away, her torpedo racks and galley were hit, and a crippling shot hit the destroyer aft below her water line, opening her seams and flooding the steering engine room. However, the steering engine continued to operate under 2 ft of water; and the destroyer was able to maintain her station in column and return to Surabaya the next morning.

Scuttling
Stewart, as the most severely damaged ship, was the first to enter the floating drydock at Surabaya on 22 February. However, she was inadequately supported in the dock, and as the dock rose, the ship fell off the keel blocks onto her side in 12 ft of water, bending her propeller shafts and causing further hull damage. With the port under enemy air attack and in danger of falling to the enemy, the ship could not be repaired. Responsibility for the destruction of the ship was given to naval authorities ashore, and Stewart's last crew members left the embattled port on the afternoon of 22 February.

Subsequently, demolition charges were set off within the ship, a Japanese bomb hit amidships further damaged her, and before the port was evacuated on 2 March, the drydock containing her was scuttled. Her name was struck from the Navy list on 25 March 1942 and was soon assigned to a new destroyer escort, USS Stewart (DE-238).

Imperial Japanese Navy
Later in the war, American pilots began reporting an American warship operating far within enemy waters. The ship had a Japanese trunked funnel but the lines of her four-piper hull were unmistakable. After almost a year under water, Stewart had been raised by the Japanese in February 1943 and commissioned into the Imperial Japanese Navy on 20 September 1943 as Patrol Boat No. 102. She was armed with two 3 inch guns and operated with the Japanese Southwest Area Fleet on escort duty. On 23 August 1944, under command of Lieutenant Tomoyoshi Yoshima, she operated in consort with the anti-submarine vessel CD-22, which sank USS Harder (SS-257) with all hands, using depth charges, although PB-102 was not directly involved in this action. In November 1944, PB-102 arrived at Kure for repairs. There her antiaircraft battery was augmented, and she was given a light tripod foremast. She then sailed for the Southwest Pacific, but the American reconquest of the Philippines blocked her way. On 28 April 1945, still under control of the Southwest Area Fleet, she was bombed and damaged by United States Army aircraft at Mokpo, Korea. She was transferred on 30 April to the control of the Kure Navy District, and in August 1945, was found by American occupation forces laid up in Hiro Bay near Kure.

Return to United States Navy and final destruction

In an emotional ceremony on 29 October 1945, the ship was recommissioned in the United States Navy at Kure. Although officially called simply DD-224, she was nicknamed by her crew "RAMP-224," standing for "Recovered Allied Military Personnel". On the trip home, her engines gave out near Guam, and she arrived at San Francisco, California in early March 1946 at the end of a towline. DD-224 was again struck from the Navy list on 17 April 1946, decommissioned on 23 May 1946, and sunk a day later off San Francisco as a target for aircraft.

Five Navy F6F Hellcat fighters hit her with 18 rockets and thousands of rounds of 50 calibre ammunition but she refused to go down despite the damage. She was finally sunk by USS PC-799 which finished her off with twelve 40-mm and 17 three-inch shells fired from a range of 300 yards.

Awards

 * China Service Medal
 * American Defense Service Medal with "FLEET" clasp
 * Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal with two battle stars
 * World War II Victory Medal
 * Navy Occupation Medal with "ASIA" clasp
 * Philippine Defense Medal

title: USS Stewart (DD-224)


text:
Juan Soldado

Juan Castillo Morales (1918 – February 17, 1938), better known as Juan Soldado (Juan the Soldier), was a convicted rapist and murderer who later became a folk saint to many in northwestern Mexico and in the southwestern United States. A private in the Mexican army, Castillo Morales was executed on February 17, 1938, for the rape and murder of Olga Camacho Martínez, an 8-year-old girl from Tijuana, Baja California. His advocates contend that he was falsely accused of the crime and have appealed to his spirit for help in matters of health, criminal problems, family matters, crossing the U.S.-Mexico border, and other challenges of daily life.

Death
Relatively little is known about Castillo Morales and accounts of his death vary widely. He was a private in the Mexican army from Jalisco. In 1938, while stationed in Tijuana, he was accused of the rape and murder of Olga Camacho Martínez, an eight-year-old girl who disappeared on February 13, 1938, and whose decapitated body was found shortly thereafter. The girl's father, by some accounts, was involved in a labor dispute arising out of the closing of a local casino by President Lázaro Cárdenas.

Castillo Morales was arrested and allegedly confessed, though other accounts claim he maintained his innocence until his death. A crowd, perhaps led by the girl's parents and others connected with the labor dispute, attempted to seize him while he was in custody, setting fire to the police station and the city hall and preventing firefighters from responding to the fires. Local authorities turned him over to the army, which proceeded to sentence him to death after a summary court martial.

Castillo Morales was shot pursuant to the ley de fugas, which provoked an accused person into fleeing and thus "authorized" the killing of prisoners for attempting to escape custody, but was often used as an excuse for extrajudicial executions.

He was buried at the site of his death, now the Puerta Blanca Cemetery.

Veneration
Shortly after his execution, the story began circulating that Castillo Morales was innocent and had been framed by a superior officer, Jesse Cardoza, who was guilty of the crime. Residents began reporting strange events associated with Castillo Morales' gravesite shortly after his death, including blood seeping from his grave and ghostly voices. Others began leaving stones at his tomb, attributing miraculous occurrences to them.

At the Puerta Blanca cemetery, there are now small chapels dedicated to Castillo Morales. The first one is the edge of the pantheon where he died. The second chapel is for all to enter and is where it says he is buried; both chapels are regularly visited and prayed at by people who have problems crossing the border into the United States or who are involved in the human trafficking in Mexico in and around the borderland. Devotees have also claimed that he has interceded for them in other areas, such as health and family problems.

Other shrines to Juan Soldado can be found elsewhere throughout the region, while votive candles, ex-voto cards, and other religious items devoted to him are sold throughout northwestern Mexico and the areas of California and Arizona where immigrants passing through the region have established communities. Similar cults have arisen around the gravesites of other victims injustice who met a violent death and who are believed to have the power to intercede on behalf of those who pray for them.

Juan Soldado's cult reflects, in some ways, the unsettled community that Tijuana was and is. The Catholic Church had no well-established local saints in the Tijuana region and was itself compromised in the eyes of many by its association with the powerful interests against whom the Mexican Revolution had been fought. Juan Soldado, as a humble and nearly anonymous emigrant from the countryside who was allegedly wrongly accused by the authorities, was a fitting symbol of the upheavals that the people of that era and region confronted.

In popular culture

 * Juan Soldado, ayúdame a cruzar ("Soldier John, help me across") – supplication voiced by illegal migrants at the tomb of Juan Soldado, prior to attempting a border crossing.
 * Story of Juan Soldado, can be seen in La Leyenda de Juan Soldado, a segment in the Mexican horror movie anthology, México Bárbaro 2.

title: Juan Soldado


text:
Wikipedia:Files for deletion/Charlotterossnypdblue

 * Copied from Images_and_media_for_deletion. Image was deleted

 * Image:Charlotterossnypdblue.jpg - UE Demi T/C 22:09, 2005 Mar 31 (UTC)
 * Neutral. This image is linked from only a user page. Is there a standing Wikipedia policy on whether or not it is inappropriate for users to have nude photos on their user pages? Firebug 06:32, 1 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Not as such, but user pages aren't personal webspace--they belong to the community and it's reasonable for people to remove content the community would prefer not be on there. Demi T/C 20:11, 2005 Apr 3 (UTC)
 * This was previously in the Charlotte Ross article itself. Check the edit history in the article. I have since reverted to another screencap (sans ass). Delete. Mike H 06:52, Apr 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Hi Mike. You mentioned that you reverted the article, but could you clarify your reason for voting delete? TigerShark 19:15, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, as Firebug mentions it is ONLY on MY user page. Therefore it's not a vandalism. -- TrojanMan 08:10, 2 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Dude, you placed it in the Charlotte Ross article. Don't lie; we can all look at the edit history. Mike H 09:10, Apr 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes, but it's NOW only in MY user page. -- TrojanMan 21:06, 2 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Not if User:Sam Spade has anything to do with it...see Charlotte Ross, it'll no doubt be added back yet again. Mike H 21:23, Apr 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Totally UE.--Jyril 16:27, Apr 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, I think its encyclopedic, and put it back in the article, why not? (Sam Spade | talk | contributions) 21:12, 2 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * If nothing else, because it's a doctored collage rather than a photograph or record of any kind? Demi T/C 20:11, 2005 Apr 3 (UTC)
 * Move to wikiporn :-) Bogdan | Talk 21:24, 2 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I suggest this be interpreted as a vote to delete, as there is no such wikimedia project. Demi T/C 20:28, 2005 Apr 4 (UTC)
 * Comment. Let's not put words in people's mouths. I personally would interpret it as a joke (given the emoticon), but unless the user wants to come back and formalise it into a valid vote I don't think it should be counted. TigerShark 23:12, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. silsor 21:26, Apr 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * KEEP. There already several images in Wikipedia that some would say are pornographic, such as those in breast implant, vagina, vulva. However, those images have not been deleted. The picture of Mr. Ross nude can indeed be encyclopedic, such as being used for the subject of nudity on the show NYPD Blue. Besides TrojanMan has a point about it being for his personal User page. I really don't see the harm in keeping the image. -- Crevaner 18:10, 4 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * A screen capture of the show would show that--this is a collage constructed for the purpose of ogling Ms. Ross. The other photographs you mention are illustrative; this is neither a photograph nor illustrative. Demi T/C 20:18, 2005 Apr 4 (UTC)
 * Delete. Unencyclopedic. —Markaci 2005-04-4 T 20:38 Z
 * Comment. Being unencyclopedic shouldn't stop it being on a user page. TigerShark 19:15, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. The only reason this would be worth keeping is if Charlotte's scene was especially noteworthy among nude scenes, which it's not. Besides, it has the tacky look of a collage taken from a celeb nudie site. KingTT 06:28, 5 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - Being "tacky" is a matter of opinion. -- Judson 12:48, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Of course. This vote is one way of guaging community opinion. Since you vote to keep, can you let us know what encyclopedic purpose is served by the image? Demi T/C 17:18, 2005 Apr 7 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-encyclopedic, non-informative picture. Lets use some good common sense editorial discretion. Trödel| talk 18:30, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-encyclopedic. Damages Wikipedia.  Given this and the other images being voted on, it is time for a new policy "Wikipedia in not a pornography gallery"? --Audiovideo 19:25, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Audiovideo if you think a simple picture of nudity constitutes pornographic, then you would be shocked by the following articles: breast implant, vagina, vulva. A lot of you people really need to lighten up. The Charlotte Ross pic isn't pornographic by stretch of the word. -- Crevaner 19:48, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * No - nudity is not itself pornographic, but images produced to arouse, titilate or shock can be. This one may be "soft" but it is pornography none the less.  I don't find the images you link to nearly as objectionable in an encyclopedia.  --Audiovideo 13:01, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep If it is acceptable to have a picture of some guy sucking himself off on an article page (which is how the Autofellatio2 vote looks like it is going) then I don't see why we can't have this on a user page. The encyclopedic nature and notability of this image are not relevant if they are only on a user page. The general consensus, in the Autofellatio2 vote, seems to be that questions of "taste" should not be a factor in deletions. If this is the case, fine, but we can't have it both ways. Either this should be allowed to stay or we should get rid of both of them. Otherwise we do need something along the lines of Audiovideo's suggestion. TigerShark 22:50, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * BTW. If this image is deleted, somebody should upload Charlotterossnypdblue2.jpg (and so on) until everybody gives up voting against it. TigerShark 23:07, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Which would, of course, be an example of disrupting Wikipedia to make a point. Remember that Image:Autofellatio 2.jpg was not a re-upload or re-creation, but a new image specifically chosen to address some of the problems with the first. Demi T/C 17:28, 2005 Apr 8 (UTC)
 * No I don't think that is true. It may have addressed *some* issues that were raised during the vote, but it I believe that it was uploaded to make a point (i.e. that the whole voting process is flawed if somebody is determined to upload an image with a certain type of content). Anyway my main points of direct relevance to the issue at hand are in my original vote. TigerShark 19:00, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * If Image:autofellatio2.jpg is deleted, delete this image. If Image:autofellatio2.jpg is kept, keep this image.  RickK 23:49, Apr 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unless unorphaned in the main namespace (and it stays that way). It's inappropriate for a user page and in no way contributes to the building of an encyclopedia, and doesn't qualify as fair use there anyway.  —Korath (Talk) 05:39, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment How is you vote to be interpreted? If it stays on the user page, are you in fact voting Keep? TigerShark 19:15, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * User pages aren't in the main (that is, article) namespace. Keep if it's put in an article (and thus fair use and encyclopedic), delete if it isn't (and thus a copyvio and unencyclopedic). —Korath (Talk) 22:58, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. It seems to me as if someone has misunderstood the meaning of Wikipedia. We do not want the server to be filled up with pornography. Many of us (me included) like pornography very much. But the number of pornographic pictures on this site ought to be strictly limited to what's absolutely needed to illustrate articles! Tuomas 09:22, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. What Tuomas said. Al this nudity on Wikipedia begins more and more to look like a WP:POINT to me.  — mark ✎ 12:27, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak delete. Very nice collage indeed, but seems to be an orphan and I don't think it's particularly encyclopedic.  I'd probably change to keep if someone started to use it in an article in a way that seemed encyclopedic. The fact that it's a picture of a woman with no clothes on isn't relevant to me.  The fact that it may be considered pornographic in some contexts isn't either.  It's just a very pretty picture. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 13:13, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I like to look at naked babes as much as the next Wikipedian, but this is not necessary for any article, and the image is all faded.  It also encourages people to think "If porn pix of this girl are OK, I can upload porn pix of elderly men defecating into each other's mouths", etc  :) — Helpful Dave 13:34, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Gratuitous nudity; whereas a clothed autofellator would be ridiculous, Charlotte Ross can be illustrated with her clothes on. I'm all for keeping potentially-shocking but encyclopedic images; this is not one. I can't see an article this would really belong in; keep the naked actresses on your personal web space where they belong. (Unless Charlotte Ross nude in NYPD Blue wins the Millionth-topic pool...) Mindspillage (spill yours?) 13:53, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete.  Whereas Image:autofellatio2.jpg is intended to illustrate, this image is clearly intended to arouse or titillate, thus, while Image:autofellatio2.jpg cannot be considered pornography (because its primary purpose is not to be sexually exciting, but rather to illustrate), this image can only be considered pornographic.  Whereas Image:autofellatio2.jpg has encyclopaedic purpose and value, this image has no conceivable encyclopaedic worth at all, in that it is simply a digital collage of a naked woman.  Whereas Image:autofellatio2.jpg is not placed in an article, but rather linked to a related topic, which it illustrates in a manner that no drawing can, this image is being placed in an article for no encyclopaedic reason.  Exploding Boy 17:58, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment Why do people keep raising the issue of whether this is encyclopedic? There are no doubt hundreds (if not thousands) of images on user pages that are of no encyclopedic value. They don't need to be of encyclopedic value to be on a user page. If this image is ever linked to from an article, then the link should be removed (not the image). Can anybody come up with a reason for deleting this image that corresponds to an established deletion criteria? If Autofellatio2.jpg is kept, then any delete votes for this image which are justified on the grounds of "taste" or "pornography" should be discarded. Once again, we can't have it both ways. Either images can be deleted on grounds of "taste" or they can't (whether they should be linked to articles is another issue). TigerShark 19:09, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * You say, Why do people keep raising the issue of whether this is encyclopedic? Because we're building an encyclopedia. Right at the top of the page you just added this comment to is a list of reasons to delete an image, of which "unencyclopedic" is one. Additionally, the guidelines for user pages make it clear that use of the pages is not unrestricted; that the page belongs to the community, which can ask that content be removed, and it gives a good idea of what should and shouldn't be on the page. A user page isn't a personal webspace and it isn't an "anything goes" zone. Demi T/C 19:19, 2005 Apr 8 (UTC)
 * Thanks. Of course the user page is not a free for all, but could you please point out which specific guideline(s) you think are incompatible with the image? TigerShark 19:26, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment Does anybody have any thoughts on whether this image could be encyclopedic as an example of nudity on television (perhaps as part of the Nudity article)? Not the best image, but encyclopedic. TigerShark 19:30, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)


text:
Don Matthews

Donald J. Matthews, a.k.a. "the Don", (June 22, 1939 – June 14, 2017) was a head coach of several professional football teams, mostly in the Canadian Football League (CFL). He won 231 games in the CFL, the second highest win total by a head coach in the league's history while leading four teams to Grey Cup victories. He was inducted into the Canadian Football Hall of Fame in September 2011.

Early life and college
Matthews was born in Amesbury, Massachusetts, the son of Canadian-born parents, Ida (Babin), from Tracadie, New Brunswick, and Fred Matthews, a steel mill worker from Prince Edward Island. From a large family of limited means and education, he quit high school in Amesbury after his senior season of football in 1956 and served three years in the U.S. Marine Corps.

Matthews returned home and earned his high school diploma and then on the advice of a teacher, ventured west in 1960 as a 21-year-old freshman to Moscow, Idaho. He walked-on at Idaho as a linebacker on the freshman team; he was awarded a scholarship by varsity head coach Skip Stahley after his first semester. He earned three letters and was a team captain in his senior season of 1963, when the Vandals, in their second year under Dee Andros, achieved their first winning season in a quarter century. Matthews graduated from the University of Idaho with a degree in education in 1964.

Early career
Matthews was a graduate assistant for the Vandals in Moscow for the 1964 season under Andros and freshman coach Bud Riley. Matthews then coached high school football in Nevada at Ely for four years and won a state title. He relocated to eastern Washington at Spokane in 1969 as head coach at Ferris, where he led the Saxons to the city title in his second and final year.

Matthews became a collegiate assistant coach back at his alma mater in 1971 as offensive line coach (later as offensive coordinator), under second-year head coach Don Robbins. After an 0–2 start, the Vandals finished at 8–3, which included an eight-game winning streak, and won the Big Sky title. At the time it was the best record in school history, and three seniors were selected in the 1972 NFL Draft. Two years later, Robbins was fired following the 1973 season and Matthews moved to the Portland area. He took over a winless program at Sunset High School in Beaverton and won consecutive state championships in 1975 and 1976, going undefeated in his third and final year. He left Sunset after the 1976 season to become a CFL assistant coach in Edmonton, Alberta.

Pro coaching career
Matthews was formerly head coach of the CFL's BC Lions, Saskatchewan Roughriders, Baltimore Stallions, Toronto Argonauts, Edmonton Eskimos, and Montreal Alouettes. He was also head coach of the Orlando Thunder of the World League of American Football in 1991.

After coaching the Eskimos for two seasons, Matthews resigned as head coach just prior to the team's first preseason game on June 18, 2001.

In October 2006, Matthews stepped down as head coach of the Alouettes expressing undisclosed health issues that were "affecting his ability to perform".

In May 2008, Matthews was announced as an advisor to the Jeff Hunt-led group's conditional Ottawa franchise.

Don Matthews returned to Toronto on September 9, 2008, as the interim coach for the Argonauts, after they started the season with a 4–6 record. In that press conference, Matthews revealed that the major health reason that caused him to step down as head coach of the Alouettes was an anxiety disorder. He also went further to say that he had been prescribed to some medication and the anxiety attacks are now under control. On October 31, 2008, he resigned from the Argonauts a day after the conclusion of the Argonauts 2008 regular season, which saw the Argos fail to win a game in the eight games under his leadership and finishing out of the playoffs for the first time since the 2001 CFL season.

Matthews was selected for induction in the Builder category into the Canadian Football Hall of Fame on February 10, 2011.

On November 5, 2012, Matthews announced he was battling cancer and therefore would not be able to participate in any of the festivities for the 100th Grey Cup in Toronto.

The Montreal Alouettes announced on July 30, 2014, that Matthews had joined the team in a coaching consultant role for the second consecutive year.

Coaching records
Don Matthews holds several head coaching records: He also has an additional five Grey Cup titles as defensive co-ordinator of the Edmonton Eskimos.
 * Most Grey Cup appearances (9 – tied)
 * Most Grey Cup wins (5 – tied)

CFL head coaching record

 * Source: justsportsstats.com

Personal
Matthews' mother, Ida, was a francophone from Tracadie, New Brunswick, while his father, Fred, was from Prince Edward Island. Had current Canadian nationality laws been in effect in 1939, Matthews would have become a Canadian citizen under the principle of jus sanguines, but separate Canadian citizenship was not enacted until 1947 and was not extended retroactively to anyone born outside the country prior to 1947. In 2004, Matthews became a naturalized Canadian citizen.

Matthews had three sons and six grandchildren. He lived in Beaverton, Oregon, with his wife Stephanie and stepson Blaze.

After a long 5-year battle with cancer, Matthews died on June 14, 2017.

title: Don Matthews


text:
Talk:Oh My Darling, Clementine

Old Algerian version
datred from the 90's. "Raï" music style. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ekbaba7iXbA — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A01:E35:8A16:C200:BC2D:9C87:81F6:4FF7 (talk) 14:07, 7 March 2014 (UTC)

It seems to be a vietnamese song
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P96Jmdyb-Pg —Preceding unsigned comment added by 97.123.21.9 (talk) 20:39, 8 April 2010 (UTC)

Citation needed
Can someone please cite the information about the line edited out of children's books? Or at least find the lyrics with that line still included? (The wiki link to the lyrics at the bottom does not have these lyrics in it). Kiki —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.129.175.99 (talk) 23:53, 10 September 2008 (UTC)
 * The first 2 results on google for "oh my darling clementine" after the wiki page both list a last verse with mention of the little sister. I'm not an editor, so someone else can bother finding reputable sources, but the verse does apparently exist. 99.236.75.53 (talk) 16:59, 15 October 2009 (UTC)

Question
Several Internet sites say that there are people trying to sing a song about the Marine Corps that officially has a different tune to the tune of "Clementine" as well as singing "Clementine" to the official tune of the song that they're singing to that tune. Song's title?? Georgia guy 01:11, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

H. S. Thompson
Can someone with knowledge of this author start an article on him, or should wording be added such that nobody thinks this is vandalized to reference the "Fear and Loathing" author? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Xtravar (talk • contribs) 19:01, 1 February 2007 (UTC).

Authorship
In the pop culture section this song is attributed to "musician/mathematician Aaron B. Barnett" but I can find to record of this person on the internet, let alone linked to this song. I'm assuming this is vandalism and I'm going to delete it. CClio333 17:00, 4 July 2007 (UTC)

To Whom It May Concern
Clementine (song) goes to a stub page about what is likely a cover of this song. I think it should probably redirect here (as that is where I looked for this song in the first place) with a mention of the cover somewhere in this article. What do YOU (yes, you!) think? 138.69.160.1 21:16, 26 October 2007 (UTC)

I question the statement that "Another theory is that the song is from the view of Clementine's father, and not a lover". The words make it clear that the narrator forgot his love when he kissed her sister. That cannot be the father, and can only be a lover of the girl. I suggest removing an unattributed and unlikely view.203.184.41.226 (talk) 08:55, 10 July 2013 (UTC)

African Roots?
http://www.amazon.com/Secret-Museum-Mankind-Africa-1925-1948/dp/samples/B000005ZC7/ref=dp_tracks_all_1#disc_1 Or.. http://www.amazon.com/Secret-Museum-Mankind-Africa-1925-1948/dp/B000005ZC7/ref=ntt_mus_ep_dpt/102-4765606-9668110

Track #25 is based on the exact same melody. Can anyone offer an explanation for this? Is there any evidence this song is based on an old African folk song? 75.72.153.44 (talk) 10:30, 9 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Or they may have gotten the melody from the American song. --86.146.162.73 (talk) 02:08, 3 August 2008 (UTC)

The album you reference purports to have songs that were popular amongst African-Americans in the 1925-1948 time period. Clementine originated in the late 1800's, not in the 1925-1948 time period. It is not unreasonable to believe that African-Americans of that time period liked the tune and used it for their own purposes. This is not the origin; it is the continuation. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.27.28.185 (talk) 15:38, 1 August 2012 (UTC)

Clementine Nuclear Reactor

Los Alamos Canyon also has the distinction of being the site of the world’s first fast plutonium reactor. Such a reactor was proposed and approved in 1945 on the basis that it would provide a much-needed highintensity fission-neutron source and would be a means of exploring the adaptability of plutonium as a reactor fuel. The fact that a sufficient amount of plutonium was available at Los Alamos obviously influenced the selection of the fissile material. In a fast reactor controlled fission is achieved with high-energy, or fast, neutrons. Since no moderating material is necessary, the proposed reactor could be of small size. More important, with no moderator the neutrons in the core region would have a fission energy spectrum except for a small perturbation caused by inelastic scattering in the fuel and other heavy materials. High intensities of such neutrons were at that time unavailable at the Laboratory but were needed for nuclear research and for acquiring data needed by the bomb designers. In addition, operation of the reactor would supply information about fast reactors, such as ease of control and nuclear breeding properties, that would be relevant to their possible use as devices for production of power and fissile materials. The site chosen for the fast reactor was adjacent to the Water Boiler building. Construction began in August 1946 under the direction of Phillip Morrison. Near the time of first criticality a few months later, Morrison dubbed the reactor “Clementine,” a name borrowed from the song “My Darling Clementine,” which starts out “In a cavern, in a canyon,. . .“ and is about the legendary forty-niners. Morrison’s inspiration was that the reactor personnel were modern-day forty-niners inasmuch as 49 was the code name for plutonium (for Z = 9 4, A = 23 9 ). Clementine’s plutonium fuel was in the form of small rods clad in steel jackets (Fig. 5), around which mercury coolant flowed at the rate of approximately 9 liters per minute. The mercury flow was maintained by an ingenious pump that contained no moving parts. Surrounding the fuel vessel was a 6-inch-thick reflector of natural uranium, most of which was silver-plated to reduce corrosion. Immediately outside the uranium blanket were 6 inches of steel reflector and 4 inches of lead shielding. Reactor control was effected by the positioning of uranium rods, a positive reactivitycontrol method in contrast to the poisoning method used in conventional reactors.

College Song?
I had an impression that this song was a hit among the college students of the 1880's and 1890's, who had the same sense of humor as students nowadays. Is this correct or not? Pittsburgh Poet (talk) 19:58, 23 May 2010 (UTC)

"Covers"
Elliott Smith never "recored" a cover of this song. For his '95 Album "Elliott Smith" he did record a song titled "Clementine," and that song even included lyrical and even melodic references to the song "Oh My Darling, Clementine," but I have never come across a recording of him actually playing the American Folk-Ballad this page is devoted to. No demos, no albums or singles, not even a drunken live cover-performance recorded on video and thrown on youtube...

However, it might be fair to include a "References" section in this article, or merge the Contemporary Use section into a new comprehensive section on the song's influences in contemporary/pop culture. There may not be much scholarship on the subject, but frankly, there isn't an overwhelming amount of scholarship cited in this article as it stands now. And intuitively I think there must be countless references and tributes and reproductions in pop culture owing to the song. If there's space for all these alternative verses, maybe there should be some space for where those verses came from, and that could be included in such a section as well... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.22.121.176 (talk) 22:59, 3 March 2011 (UTC)

Spanish influence
The sentence, "The song is using..." seems to be under Spanish influence. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 93.97.194.200 (talk) 14:25, 7 October 2011 (UTC)

new Neil Young version
wow. Treats it seriously, as I've always believed it should be, despite the many joke send-ups and flip attitude about it in decad`es since. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.48.0.119 (talk) 01:11, 20 May 2012 (UTC)

Lyrics Cleanup Desperately Needed
Many of the lyrics on this page are duplicated and out of order. It looks like someone tried to collect all the variant verses in existence and publish them all in a long, unsorted list.

This song had a few verses in the beginning (probably the late 1800's). As often happens with popular folk songs, people began making up their own verses. The made-up verses are interesting and should be documented, but they should not be given the same status as the original verses.

The article would be more interesting (to me, at least) if it started with the original verses and the very sad story behind the song, then covered the variants and the stories behind them.

I came here to learn the history of this song. I was sorely disappointed.

70.27.28.185 (talk) 15:48, 1 August 2012 (UTC)

O The Humanity!
"Oh" is not grammatical in either the title or the choruses. It should be "O".

Did the songwriters really make such a howler, or have the dopey masses mangled this over the years?

I am unsure whether to correct it at this point. If the typo is now standard, I suppose it should stay. 209.172.25.170 (talk) 02:18, 24 December 2013 (UTC)

I don't think "Oh" is the wrong grammar. I think that "O" is the old-fashioned way to put it, and "Oh" is the modern way. I've seen it both ways, and that seems to be the trend. I think it can be left the way it is. 12.31.187.178 (talk) 18:30, 10 April 2014 (UTC)

Original research
The article strikes me as a perfect example of original research.--Ymblanter (talk) 21:29, 7 January 2014 (UTC)

I agree. Where are the sources, for example, for the information in the History and Origins section? ShelbyMarion (talk) 21:19, 19 November 2015 (UTC)

I just removed the most agregious parts that appeared to be original research and added citation needed tags where it appears there is outside research that simply isn't appropriately cited. GrantHenninger (talk) 22:10, 14 July 2017 (UTC)

Jan and Dean discography?
Is it really relevant enough to this article to have the box containing their other songs at the bottom of this page? ShelbyMarion (talk) 21:28, 19 November 2015 (UTC)
 * Of course not. It has nothing to do with the original subject matter.

Snezzy (talk) 12:42, 16 April 2017 (UTC)

Hanna-Barbera
Isn't this the song that Huckleberry Hound used to sing? Or was it Droopy? 86.183.153.82 (talk) 19:23, 18 January 2016 (UTC)

free score source not functional
"traditional-songs.com" appears to have disappeared. The link now forwards to a french site, [partitions-domaine-public.fr], which if you try to proceed shunts you off to a thing called [allin1-digitalcontent.net allin1-digitalcontent.net], which is an ad for something called Tudum that wants your credit card before telling you it can't find anything about Clementine. Then if you go back and start over, allin1 has been replaced by Audible, which really doesn't seem to comprehend the notion of a musical score. --Haruo (talk) 20:43, 11 December 2021 (UTC) Now I have to contact my bank to make sure they don't misuse the credit card they said they needed but wouldn't charge to... Highly irritating. I think I'll just write my own score. --Haruo (talk) 20:43, 11 December 2021 (UTC)

I think I managed to get some malware from it, too... Haruo (talk) 17:20, 12 December 2021 (UTC)

Oops Haruo (talk) 17:20, 12 December 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Oh My Darling, Clementine


text:
Talk:Supernatural (Santana album)

Concept Album
If, as someone has said, it is a 'concept album', could someone please explain the concept? --79.77.110.188 (talk) 17:17, 29 August 2009 (UTC)
 * I was wondering the same. It does not at all seem to fit with the Wikipedia description of Concept album. If anything, I would say that this album is even less "unified by a theme" than most regular albums. Lars Holm (talk) 18:32, 11 December 2009 (UTC)

France certification
i visited the website and i calculated 1,200,000 sales not 1,100,000. however, i change this.-- ♫Greatorangepumpkin♫ T 19:10, 21 September 2010 (UTC)

Grammy Awards
Most sources (f.i. Wikipedia in other languages) say the album "Supernatural" got nine Grammy nominations but it received only eight! It won for 1) Album of the Year. 2) Best Rock Album. 3) "Smooth" Record of the Year. 4) "Smooth" Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals. 5) "Maria Maria" Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal. 6) "El Farol" Best Pop Instrumental Performance. 7) "The Calling" Best Rock Instrumental Performance. 8) "Put Your Lights On" Best Rock Vocal Performance by a Duo or Group. "Love Of My Life" was nominated for Best Pop Collaboration.

So probably the article mentions the wrong number! 6 April 2011 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.171.95.232 (talk) 22:53, 6 April 2011 (UTC)

So... given that the article mentions "eight Grammys", shouldn't they be listed, down near Charts & Certifications? Is there an available reference to the official Grammy awards? Whbjr (talk) 16:42, 11 September 2016 (UTC)

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Brahms plagiarism
This really ought to be mentioned somewhere in here. You can read up on it and hear the compositions here https://leleftovers.wordpress.com/2011/01/18/santana-really-should-acknowledge-brahms/ Oyvsho (talk) 18:56, 8 April 2020 (UTC)

Songs Section
I think this section should be deleted if it's not expanded. I believe it was expanded at one time, but right now it doesn't make sense to have a section for one sentence. Treek (talk)

title: Talk:Supernatural (Santana album)


text:
Märklin Digital

Märklin Digital was among the earlier digital model railway control systems. It was a comprehensive system including locomotive decoders (based on a Motorola chip), central control (Märklin 6020/6021), a computer interface (Märklin 6050), turnout decoders (Märklin 6083), digital relays (Märklin 6084) and feedback modules (Märklin s88/6088). The initial system was presented at the 1979 Nürnberg International Toy Fair, released in Europe in 1985 and the USA in 1986 under the name Digital H0.

Operation
Conventional analog control of model railways works by varying the track power and any locomotive on the track will respond by running at a speed roughly proportional to the power. For multiple trains, sidings must have a switch to isolate trains standing there and leave the track dead. For multiple controllers, the layout must be divided into sections isolated from each other and each with its own controller and current supply. All accessories such as signals and turnouts require individual switches and cables, making wiring very complex.

With analog systems, fine control of locomotives requires knowledge of the individual characteristics; gradients and curves require constant adjustment and low speed running is both difficult and liable to stalling. Any train lighting will vary in intensity with the power and be off when the locomotive is stopped.

Digital control supplies constant power to the track with the power being switched many times a second to provide the "bits" of data (0 and 1) necessary for control (such digital power is neither DC nor AC). Every locomotive must be fitted with a decoder circuit which will interpret instructions and individually control the motor. Each decoder has its own address, instructions sent from the controller have a corresponding address so that while every active decoder will receive the instructions only the addressed decoder will respond. Once a locomotive is running it will continue and so even with one controller several trains can be running.

Many locomotives may be on the track and individually controlled. Train lighting will always be at full intensity, even when the locomotive is stopped. Signals and turnouts may also be provided with decoders and controlled digitally. The track consists of 2 electrically-grounded rails, and a row of center studs over which the engine's pickup "shoe" glides acquiring the digital-pulsed 16V signal and power. This symmetrical track design solved the problem of loop-back topology (a problem encountered in polarized 2-rail). Conceptually, the entire layout may be controlled from just two wires to the track, but in practice multiple feeds will be required and power to the track is usually separated from power to accessories.

The final step to ideal running was the development of motor regulation or speed control (often misleadingly called "load control"). Locomotive motors are controlled using pulse-width modulation which gives much better regulation than conventional analogue control. Additionally, utilizing the full track power available, decoders can use motor feedback and constant adjustment to maintain steady speed regardless of train load or track gradient. Combined with braking and acceleration delay (artificial inertia) these decoders give smooth and exact speeds with reliable slow speed control.

A number of different digital systems were developed, but Märklin Digital and DCC (Digital Command Control) are the two main systems on the market. The systems are electrically compatible and some controllers can simultaneously control both types of decoder. Märklin offered versions of their original digital system for 2-rail users.

Märklin Digital
Märklin first presented the new digital control system at the Nürnberg Toy Fair in 1979. The Motorola based system was officially introduced in 1985, developed by a relatively unknown electronics contractor with most components built by Märklin. In subsequent years, another contractor, Bernd Lenz, would also work on the system producing locomotive decoders and, later, Märklin's first DC command control offering. This first DC offering was later developed into what is now known as Digital Command Control (DCC).

The new Märklin Digital system offered simultaneous control of up to 80 locomotives and 256 accessories. 14 locomotive speed steps (stop 0 and 1 - 14) were provided and an accessory "Function" that was used for locomotive front and rear headlights or TELEX remote uncoupling.

Electronics of the time were relatively expensive and the system used ternary logic to reduce the number of components and cost of devices. Early decoders cost as much as many model locomotives and the expense of upgrading an existing layout was considerable.

Controllers
The original 6020 Central Unit provided track power & generated locomotive commands but required a separate 6035 locomotive Control 80 with speed controller, keypad for decoder address, Function / Off buttons, and Start / Stop buttons to switch track power. The red Stop button was provided as an emergency stop to immediately halt all trains. A two digit display showed the selected locomotive address (01 - 80). Solenoid devices, such as turnouts, were controlled by the 6040 Keyboard. Up to ten controllers could be added to the right hand side of the Central Unit, and up to 16 keyboards could be added to the left hand side, with each keyboard controlling 16 accessories (signals, turnouts, lights, etc.) for a total of 256. For large layouts 6016 Boosters and their own power supplies would provide additional power to layout sections with all Boosters linked to the Central Unit by a ribbon cable.

A later accessory was the 6043 Memory, which was used for switching predefined routes each with multiple turnouts & signals. The 6043 could save up to 24 different routes, which each route containing up to 20 individual device commands. The 20th command in one route memory could be used to link to another route button, so there could be a large number of individual commands enacted by pressing one button. In addition, the 6088 s88 Feedback Module could be used in conjunction with the 6043. The s88 would receive input signals from external buttons or magnetic reed switches and then start a command string in the 6043 Memory. So, an approaching train could set up its own route, as an example. Another accessory was the 6050 computer Interface which let the system be computer controlled, allowing for fully automated train control.

Decoders
The first c80 (6080) decoders did not have motor regulation (speed control) and the 1991 introduction of c90 (6090) decoders with regulation and a 5-pole DC motor brought the system to maturity. Decoders had miniature switches (DIP switches) to set the address and c90 decoders had two potentiometers to adjust braking / acceleration delay ("inertia") and maximum speed, requiring the use of tools to open the model and make any changes to settings.

Accessory decoders
Signals, turnouts, uncouplers, lights, and other static accessories may also be fitted with decoders which have their own address range for up to 256 switched devices. Depending on the decoder, either continuous power (lighting) or momentary (signal, uncoupler, turnout) is provided. K83 decoders are for solenoid (momentary) accessories and K84 for lighting (continuous) accessories, each one controlling up to 4 devices.

Automatic braking
Automatic braking allows a locomotive to coast relatively gently up to a stop signal at danger. When fed with negative DC the decoder will slow the locomotive smoothly. Track must be sectioned at least once, the stopping area before the signal, and usually also a transition section to prevent short circuits. An electronic control module is switched when the signal changes to danger and changes the track voltage in the stopping area.

Märklin Digital (new)
In 1993 an enhancement to the original system introduced improvements for locomotive control:

 * Additional four switched functions F1 - F4
 * Absolute direction control with direction sent as part of speed commands

The changes were entirely compatible with earlier locomotive decoders so any controller was able to control any locomotive decoder type (a few special function decoders developed earlier were incompatible with the revised protocol, 6021 control units could be set to send old protocol only).

Absolute direction control is important for computer controlled layouts so that, after power off, locomotives will restart in the previously controlled direction. Older c90 decoder equipped locomotives will always restart forwards after power off, regardless of the previously controlled direction.

Controllers
The new 6021 combined control unit & locomotive control with additional function buttons. Miniature switches set the operating mode (old or new protocol) and reduced track voltage for shunting areas.

The new Control 80f allowed additional locomotive controllers to be plugged into the right hand side of a 6021, other modules as before.

Decoders
1997 c91 (60901) decoders provided additional function outputs F1 - F4, 27 speed steps (stop 0 and 1 - 27), and improved motor regulation. Although the new decoders had 27 speed steps, existing controllers could only send 14 and so the decoders would step up odd steps and down even steps making all 27 steps accessible.

The extra functions allowed for other features such as additional lighting and sound. While the small size of speaker that can be fitted into H0 locomotives limits reproduction, built in sound has become a feature of many models. Adjustments to the new decoders required tools, as before. "Function" was most commonly used for locomotive headlights, F1 & F2 were usually used for other power functions such as smoke units or additional lighting. F3, when available, was commonly used for sound, and F4 usually used to disable artificial inertia for precise control, especially when shunting.

These decoders are now designated "fx" to distinguish them from earlier decoders lacking additional switched functions.

Function decoders
Function decoders without motor control can also be fitted to carriages providing the 5 switched functions to control train lighting and other additional features. They may also be fitted to locomotives lacking the additional switched functions (i.e. c90 equipped locomotives). Function decoders require their own address from the 80 addresses available for locomotives (the address can be shared with another decoder lacking additional functions). Märklin had offered some special models with additional functions for the original digital system, but separate function decoders only became available with the enhanced system.

DELTA
A simplified system intended to appeal to beginners and those put off by the then substantial cost of full digital systems, DELTA offered control of up to four locomotives simultaneously. DELTA decoders did not have motor regulation and initially lacked any way of easily changing the address. DELTA has now been discontinued, simplified digital controllers & decoders are offered instead (Mobile Station & 36xxx series locomotives).

Early DELTA controllers lacked the Function / Off buttons and c80 Digital models running on DELTA had Function permanently on which affected any such models equipped with TELEX remote couplers. c90 models running on DELTA had Function permanently off.

Märklin Digital (mfx)
In 2004 the completely new Märklin Systems digital control was unveiled. A new two way protocol can control up to 65,000 digital devices, each locomotive can have up to 128 speed steps and 16 functions. Developed by ESU with all components initially made by them for Märklin, later the name "Märklin Systems" was dropped and once again the system is known as "Märklin Digital".

Introduced in 2013, the extended mfx+ digital control system provides additional locomotive parameters and allows feedback with mfx+ equipped locomotives. The virtual fuel state of each mfx+ equipped locomotive can be set and monitored. For steam locomotives, additional parameters such as boiler pressure and fire state can be set, monitored, and controlled. Eventually, the locomotive must return to a fuelling point for replenishment (feedback modules denote the fuelling points). Signals may also be fitted with feedback modules, requiring acknowledgement by the operator as the train passes, just as in real operation.

The new controller software provides a cab view of the locomotive to allow control of all parameters. This gives a computer simulation view of the locomotive while controlling a model.

Controllers
The Central Station 60212 had two locomotive controllers built in and a large monochrome LCD screen with graphical display and descriptive names for locomotives. The controller stored a database of pre-mfx digital locomotives with their functions so that they may be easily set up (mfx decoders send their own available functions to the controller). The new protocol was incompatible with the earlier version but Central Station could be set to send either protocol to any decoder so older locomotives could be controlled alongside mfx equipped locomotives. The Central Station incorporated all functionality of the earlier keyboard, memory, and interface modules as well as being able to control up to 8 automatic shuttle (point to point) trains.

The hand held Mobile Station 60652 was also offered which has a single locomotive controller, small LCD screen, and 9 function buttons. This unit could be used on its own as a low cost digital controller with up to ten locomotives in its own database or plugged into a Central Station as an additional controller.

In 2008 Märklin announced a new second generation Central Station 60213 with colour display and enhanced features, this unit developed by a different contractor. The Central Station was re-numbered to 60214 a few months later, with more capabilities than 60213. In 2009 a software update for the CS2 was announced which, among other enhancements, adds support for the NMRA DCC protocol.

Also in 2009 a new 60653 Mobile Station was announced, completely redesigned with many more features than the earlier model. As before, the new Mobile Station can be used by itself or as an additional controller with the new Central Station.

In 2016 Central Station 3 was announced. The main change is a new touch screen which replaces all of the function buttons with on screen options. Only the two speed controllers and emergency stop bar remain as separate controls. Central Station 3+ adds the ability to act as a master unit in a multi controller set up.

Decoders
Decoders are designated mfx and can communicate with the controller, dynamically negotiating an individual address and passing the locomotive description and all available functions to the controller. All control parameters are retained by the decoder in firmware and adjusted using the controller or computer. mfx decoders can also interpret the older Motorola format and so will work with previous central units.

Early Problems
Märklin experienced compatibility problems with the first Central Station (CS1) leading to a recall and extensive rebuild resulting in CS1 V2. Meantime some important components, especially an mfx compatible booster, were unavailable. Eventually booster 60173 became available for use with any mfx system.

ESU, the original developers of CS1, produced V3 software update. This had many of the enhancements offered by CS2, including track layout views for controlling signals and turnouts, and large cab view locomotive control display.

Model numbering
From the 1950s Märklin models had four digit numbers, the first two being the group and the last two the individual model. Locomotives fitted with the original c80 digital decoders were numbered 36xx (36 followed by two digits e.g. 3615) and the first models fitted with c90 decoders 37xx (e.g. 3702). In 1997 Märklin had to expand the numbering to five digits 37xxx and a few new c90 equipped models were numbered with five digits before the c91 decoder was fitted to all subsequent models. New 36xxx models are budget models fitted with low cost digital decoders lacking motor regulation.

When Märklin introduced the specially developed C-Sine motor in 2000 these models were numbered 39xxx, some were also produced as 37xxx.

H0 digital upgrade
Märklin offered many different decoders and kits to upgrade analog locomotives to digital control. A digital decoder was the basis and many kits also included a permanent magnet and 5 pole armature to upgrade the motor and convert it to DC (such decoders rectify track current to DC for the motor and any accessories, such as lighting or sound). For many years, unlike Digital Command Control, Märklin did not use a plug in connector for the decoder and so conversion involved soldering output wires.

Most decoders also provide motor regulation (speed control) with adjustments for acceleration & braking delay (artificial inertia) and maximum speed. DELTA decoders never provided motor regulation and originally had to be set to address 0 for analog operation. mfx decoders provide many additional motor control parameters, all adjusted using the main controller (Central Station) or a computer.

Märklin locomotives had several motor types and many upgrades were for a particular version.

First generation conversion kits
Almost all the first generation decoders had DIP switches to set the address and potentiometers to set motor regulation, requiring tools to open the model and make adjustments. The motor parameters are maximum speed and artificial inertia, in other words the delay after making a speed change on the controller and the response of the decoder, which allows smooth transitions.

 * 6080 Decoder for all AC locomotives. No motor regulation, 14 speed steps, 1 switched function.
 * 6081 Decoder for all DC locomotives. No motor regulation, 14 speed steps, 1 switched function (part of Märklin's original Digital offering for DC operation).
 * 6090 Conversion kit for drum commutator motor (DCM) AC locomotives, including motor upgrade components. Motor regulation with adjustable parameters, 14 speed steps, 1 switched function.
 * 60901 Conversion kit for drum commutator motor (DCM) AC locomotives, including motor upgrade components. Motor regulation with adjustable parameters, 28 speed steps, 5 switched functions.
 * 60902 Decoder upgrade for 6090 digital models. Motor regulation with adjustable parameters, 28 speed steps, 5 switched functions.
 * 60903 Conversion kit for older small flat commutator motor (SFCM) AC locomotives, including motor upgrade components. Motor regulation with adjustable parameters, 28 speed steps, 5 switched functions.
 * 60904 Conversion kit for older large flat commutator motor (LFCM) AC locomotives, including motor upgrade components. Motor regulation with adjustable parameters, 28 speed steps, 5 switched functions.
 * 60905 Decoder for Faulhaber motor locomotives. Motor regulation with adjustable parameters, 28 speed steps, 5 switched functions.
 * 60960 Function decoder for locomotives, carriages, or accessories. No motor control, 5 switched functions.
 * 60961 Function decoder for locomotives, with direction change of main function. No motor control, 5 switched functions.
 * 60760 Conversion kit for drum commutator motor (DCM) AC locomotives, including motor upgrade components. Motor regulation with adjustable parameters, 28 speed steps, 1 switched function (later low cost upgrade offered after the introduction of mfx. These decoders are programmable by the controller and so do not require tools to change parameters).

DELTA conversion kits

 * 6603 Original DELTA decoder, address change by solder pad, later by DIP switch, with 4 addresses. 14 speed steps, no switched function.
 * 66031 DELTA decoder, address change by DIP switch with 4 addresses. 28 speed steps, 1 switched function.
 * 66032 DELTA decoder, address change by DIP switch with 80 addresses and automatic mode detection (digital / analog). 28 speed steps, 1 switched function.

mfx conversion kits
All mfx decoders provide motor regulation with 128 speed steps and multiple adjustable parameters, plus 16 switched functions. All are programmable by the Central Station, tools are not required to change parameters.
 * 60921 Conversion kit for drum commutator motor (DCM) AC locomotives, including motor upgrade components.
 * 60922 Decoder for drum commutator motor (DCM) AC locomotives, specifically to upgrade existing digital models.
 * 60923 Conversion kit for older small flat commutator motor (SFCM) AC locomotives, including motor upgrade components.
 * 60924 Conversion for kit older large flat commutator motor (LFCM) AC locomotives, including motor upgrade components.
 * 60931 Decoder upgrade for existing digital locomotives 6090, 60901, 60903, 60904, with speaker and sounds for steam locomotives.
 * 60932 Decoder upgrade for existing digital locomotives 6090, 60901, 60903, 60904, with speaker and sounds for diesel locomotives.
 * 60933 Decoder upgrade for existing digital locomotives 6090, 60901, 60903, 60904, with speaker and sounds for electric locomotives.

mLD and mSD conversion kits, mLD/3 (Märklin LokDekoder) and mSD/3 (Märklin SoundDekoder)
In 2015 Märklin released a new series of retrofit decoders built on a 32 bit architecture, compared to 8 bits of the previous generation. The mLD/mSD generation is faster, has more memory, including 64 Mb memory reserved for sound data, as well as improved sound processing. With 4096 speed steps for the motor, and self calibration, motor characteristics, especially at low speeds, are improved. Along with these decoders, Märklin released the 60971 mDP/3, (Märklin Dekoder Programmer), a USB device which allows for easy programming of parameters of the mLD/mSD decoders as well as customizing sounds and images. The firmware of the decoders can be updated. The related software, mDT (Märklin Dekoder Tool) is adapted for Windows platforms.

The decoder upgrade kits are not suitable for motors with older field-wound coils. Locomotives with these motors must be converted with the appropriate motor retrofit kits, item numbers 60941, 60943, or 60944. The decoders can be operated with the 6020, 6021, Mobile Station, and Central Station controllers and can be programmed with the protocols MM, mfx, and DCC

The retrofit kits come in 3 different formats. All the mSD3 kits come with 2 speaker options, small and large, except for 60978 and 60979, including one speaker.

For upgrades to fixed circuit board with a 21 pin decoder interface.
 * 60972, mLD3, circuit board with soldered on wires for the locomotive side and a male 21 pin connector for the included decoder.
 * 60975, mSD3, (Steam) circuit board with soldered on wires for the locomotive side and a male 21 pin connector for the included decoder
 * 60976, mSD3, (Diesel) circuit board with soldered on wires for the locomotive side and a male 21 pin connector for the included decoder
 * 60977, mSD3, (Electric) circuit board with soldered on wires for the locomotive side and a male 21 pin connector for the included decoder

For upgrades of 36xxx series Märklin/Trix fixed circuit board locomotives with LED lights.
 * 60978, mSD3, 21 pin connector for the included decoder with pre-loaded Diesel sounds.
 * 60979, mSD3, 21 pin connector for the included decoder with pre-loaded Electric sounds.

For use with existing 8 pin connector in locomotive
 * 60982, mLD3 decoder with soldered on wires for the locomotive side. Male 8 pin connector included.
 * 60985, mSD3 decoder (Steam) with soldered on wires for the locomotive side. Male 8 pin connector included. Separate wires for connection of included speakers
 * 60986, mSD3 decoder (Diesel) with soldered on wires for the locomotive side. Male 8 pin connector included. Separate wires for connection of included speakers
 * 60987, mSD3 decoder (Electric) with soldered on wires for the locomotive side. Male 8 pin connector included. Separate wires for connection of included speakers

Maxi 1 gauge digital upgrade
Maxi locomotives were always fitted with plug-in DELTA decoders, upgrading merely entailed exchanging the decoder.
 * 60955 Decoder upgrade for Maxi locomotives. Motor regulation with 28 speed steps and adjustable parameters, 5 switched functions.

title: Märklin Digital


text:
Catullus 49

Catullus 49 is a poem by the Roman poet Gaius Valerius Catullus (c. 84–c. 54 BC) sent to Marcus Tullius Cicero as a superficially laudatory poem. Like the majority of Catullus' poems, the meter of this poem is hendecasyllabic. This is also the only time Cicero is ever mentioned in any of Catullus' poems.

Latin text and translation
The following Latin text is taken from D. F. S. Thomson.

 * Notes

 * The descendants of Romulus are the Romans, since it is believed that Remus and Romulus founded Rome.
 * A patronus was someone who gave assistance and protection to another person, including non-Romans. The people for whom the patron spoke for were the cliens and they, in return, would respect the patronus and offer little favors like political campaigning and household chores.  One of the types of patronage was the slave-owner over his freedmen, where the slave-owner retained some power over them and inherited their property if they died heirless. The betrayal of this bond or fides was a capital offense.

The debate over the tone of the poem
It is a constant debate whether this poem is Catullus praising Cicero, who indeed was one of the best speakers of the time, or actually mocking him. He begins by praising him "as the most learned" of all the Romans ever. But as we keep reading, we keep seeing many more superlatives – maximas, pessimus, optimus – even the omnium could be considered as exaggerated. Usually, the frequent use of exaggeration can be discerned as sarcasm, which might be the case here. The last line also reveals more of Catullus' real intent. If Catullus is indeed being sincere, then he just simply means that Cicero was the best "patronus" of all; however, he would also be calling himself the worst poet of all, "pessimus omnium poeta", which doesn't seem much like Catullus. On the other hand, if he is being sarcastic, not only does he not call himself the worst poet of all, the claim against Cicero makes more sense: it would be saying that Cicero is the best "patronus" of all the people, the good and the bad, for money, which isn't really much of a compliment.

A point made by D.E.W. Wormwell also brings some light to the subject: a sincere thanks or praise would sound much different. In lines 4 and 5, Catullus places himself in the third person, making it impersonal in a way and less natural. Yes, Catullus is fond of addressing himself by the third person, but it is usually Catullo, Catulle, and Catullum, rarely Catullus. The feeling of third person 'Catullus' is aloof, almost cold. Another instance where the third person 'Catullus' is used is in poem 8, line 12 – ''vale puella. iam Catullus obdurat''... – and this is clearly not a very warm and pleasing tone; rather Catullus is saying goodbye to his love and passion, Lesbia, very coldly. Thus Wormwell determines Catullus wasn't really praising Cicero, but actually mocking him.

Classical tradition
Henry Fielding in Tom Jones  (1749, Book VIII, ch. V) adapts the last line of the poem when he has Partridge ask Jones about Squire Allworthy, “How doth ille optimus omnium patronus?”

title: Catullus 49


text:
Talk:Brooks Institute

General
The article looks much cleaner now and the cleanup tag could probably be removed, I'm going to go ahead and do that jak 18:06, 8 October 2006 (UTC)

Photos
I will take more pictures of Brooks in the comeing weeks as the weather clears up over here

NPOV sections
Rauloj - not sure how this statement relates to resent restructuring or reference to Ventura County Star Article "This recent restructuring is in addition to the faculty "seemingly dismissed" in recent years which has ignited tensions at the school.[20]" —Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.49.223.131 (talk) 23:56, 10 November 2008 (UTC)

These need to be reworded as they currently seem to be copied from Brooks' site. --L1AM 04:11, 22 November 2005 (UTC)

You should cite what part of the article is copied from the site, as I see there is none I am removeing the NPOV tag --Kylehamilton 00:40, 24 June 2006 (UTC)

Majors
I will add more infomation about the schools programs for its 4 majors later when I can gather it from school --Kylehamilton 09:12, 28 June 2006 (UTC)

Amount of professional equipment
I don't see anything at the linked site that says the students have access to most of the professional equipment, or that that campuses are known (by whom?) for the amount of equipment. Maybe it's an incorrect citation?  Will Beback   talk    17:53, 17 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Both the Santa Barbara and Ventura campuses are known for their considerable amount of professional equipment, most of which the student body is allowed to use.

External links modified
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title: Talk:Brooks Institute


text:
Barrow-in-Furness railway station

Barrow-in-Furness (formerly Barrow Pier, Barrow Strand and Barrow Central) is a railway station on the Cumbrian Coast Line and Furness Line, 85+1/2 mi south-west of Carlisle and 34+3/4 mi north-west of Lancaster, in the town of Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbria. It is owned by Network Rail and managed by Northern Trains.

History
The present station was formerly known as Barrow Central, and at one time it was a terminus for British Rail long-distance or InterCity services. From October 1947 until May 1983 these included sleeper services to and from London Euston. A sleeper service in the London direction only was briefly reintroduced between May 1987 and May 1990.

The original Barrow station of 1846 had been a wooden building at Rabbit Hill, near the site of the present St. George's Square. It was eventually replaced in 1863 by a new brick building close by, which had been designed by the Lancaster architect Edward Paley, and which latterly came to be known as Cambridge Hall. On 1 June 1882, the town's principal station was transferred to its present site below Abbey Road, following the construction of a new loop line. It had to be almost entirely rebuilt in the late 1950s, after World War II, having largely been destroyed by enemy bombing on 7 May 1941.

From 1907 to 1941, the Furness Railway steam locomotive, Coppernob, was preserved in a special glass case outside the station. It was subsequently transferred away for additional security and is now in the National Railway Museum at York.

Services
Services to the north are provided on Monday-Saturday by Northern, with services approximately hourly during the day to Whitehaven and Carlisle. One train per day operates to Sellafield specifically for workers at Sellafield nuclear plant (BNFL). Evening trains run only as far as Millom. There are 19 northbound departures each weekday; 15 of these go to Carlisle, three to Millom and one to Sellafield. There are 20 arrivals from the northern part of the line: 15 from Carlisle, three from Millom, one from Maryport and one from Sellafield. Some of these services continue along the Furness Line to Lancaster and Preston.

To the south, there are a mixture of stopping services to Lancaster and a number of through services to Manchester Airport via Manchester Piccadilly. These operate on a broadly hourly frequency, with a few peak extras throughout the week (including Sundays).

An improved Northern service was introduced at the May 2018 timetable change, including evening and Sunday services over the line to Whitehaven and Carlisle. More trains to and from Preston and Manchester Airport are planned to follow when rolling stock becomes available.

Layout
Platform 1, which contains the entrance to the station, is used primarily for Northern Rail through trains (from Lancaster/Preston to Carlisle) heading north, and trains heading to/arriving from Preston and Manchester Airport. The platform has a waiting area, the ticket office and information office and toilets, along with the cafe (run by Cafexpress), all of which have been recently renovated. In early 2012, the platform also had pieces of artwork of the local area unveiled by the Mayor of Barrow and the Barrow and Furness MP.

Platform 2 is mainly used for Northern services heading south to Lancaster or Preston, and local trains arriving from Millom/Sellafield. It can also be used by northbound departures.

Platform 3 is a bay platform that can only be used by northbound trains to Millom and Carlisle. It is used several times each day. It was formerly a through line and could be used by southbound trains until the late 1960s. A further platform once existed adjacent to it (as can be seen in the photograph of the station in 1966) but this has now been removed, along with the line serving it.

Between Platforms 2 and 3 is an indoor waiting area, with live departures indicator, a vending machine and speakers. Further up and down the platform are printed timetables; the rest of the buildings contain offices for staff and British Transport Police.

Depot
Barrow-In-Furness Light Maintenance Depot is situated immediately north of the station. In 2023, the depot was upgraded with a new 75-metre service road and steel canopy. Following the upgrade, three carriages can be serviced and fuelled simultaneously, compared to one at a time previously.

Recent renovations
The station has recently been renovated, with replacement of most of the old seating and waiting areas, and replacement of the ageing automatic doors within the station. Electronic information signs have been installed, along with improved CCTV after several incidents on the station. Ramps have been provided for access, and this is continuing with provision of better access to Platforms 2 and 3, which previously would have been accessible only via the very end of the platform. The station restaurant is also being upgraded.

In fiction
In the Railway Series books by the Rev. W Awdry, and the adapted television series Thomas & Friends, Barrow Central is the mainland terminus for the Fat Controller's North Western Railway, and is connected to the fictional Island of Sodor by a bridge to Vickerstown, or as it is known in the books, Vicarstown.

title: Barrow-in-Furness railway station


text:
Stephen Lovatt

Stephen Lovatt (born 27 May 1964) is a New Zealand actor, best known internationally for his portrayal of character Max Hoyland on the Australian soap Neighbours.

Career
Since training as an actor at Toi Whakaari, the New Zealand Drama School, graduating in 1986, Lovatt has acted on stage, television and feature films. Aside from his award-winning theatre work, his New Zealand roles include 30 episodes of soap Shortland Street, Eve's father in Being Eve, an episode of Mataku and local television success Go Girls. He has also acted in many fantasy shows that were filmed in New Zealand; he co-starred as one of the adventurers in Jules Verne adaptation Mysterious Island, and had guest parts in Legend of the Seeker, the short-lived Cleopatra 2525, Hercules: The Legendary Journeys and spin-off shows Young Hercules, playing the God Morpheus and Xena: Warrior Princess where he played Phalangus and also the God of the Underworld, Hades in the 5th season. Lovatt was most recently seen in the acclaimed New Zealand-set drama series Top Of The Lake, where he had a recurring role as a police officer.

Australia
In the late 1990s Lovatt began making inroads into Australian television. After acting in award-winning small-town tale Something in the Air, he won the part of father and bar-owner Max Hoyland on long-running Australian soap Neighbours. Lovatt acted on the show for five years.

Feature films
Lovatt was award-nominated in New Zealand for his starring role in 2002 feature This is Not a Love Story; he played a soap star who gets caught between two women. His other acting roles include Savage Honeymoon, the car-yard owner in 2008 Anthony McCarten feature Show of Hands, and 2012 conspiracy thriller The Cure.

Spartacus
Lovatt is one of the ensemble cast of New Zealand-shot series Spartacus: Gods of the Arena, a prequel to 2010 series Spartacus: Blood and Sand. Lovatt plays Tullius, a wealthy member of the Roman elite involved in varied nefarious activities, including slave trading. Lovatt has been quoted as saying he relishes the chance to show a dark side rarely seen in his earlier screen characters. The Spartacus cast includes Lucy Lawless, who Lovatt worked with on Xena: Warrior Princess).

Television

 * The Ray Bradbury Theater (1989) .... Xanadu Young Man in "A Miracle of Rare Device" (14 July 1989)
 * Typhon's People (1993) .... Denzil/Zeno Secundus
 * Shortland Street (1994).... Dr. Ethan Gill(May 1994-July 1994)
 * High Tide (1994) .... Simon Shorr in "Sitting Ducks" (11 December 1994)
 * Mysterious Island (1995) .... Gideon Spilett
 * Xena: Warrior Princess .... Kirilus in "Ties That Bind" (29 April 1996)
 * Medivac (1997–1998) .... Dr. Thomas Albert 'Tom' Shawcross
 * Duggan (1997) .... Alan Galway in "Death in Paradise" (13 October 1997)
 * Highwater (1997)
 * Xena: Warrior Princess .... Phlanagus in "A Good Day" (26 October 1998)
 * Young Hercules (1998) .... Morpheus in "In Your Dreams" (13 November 1998)
 * Duggan (1999) .... Alan Galway in "Going Overboard" (17 August 1999)
 * Duggan (1999) .... Alan Galway in "Dog's Breakfast" (7 September 1999)
 * Hercules: The Legendary Journeys (1999) .... Galen, the Vampire Hunter in "Darkness Visible" (18 October 1999)
 * Xena: Warrior Princess .... Hades in "God Fearing Child" (5 February 2000)
 * Xena: Warrior Princess .... Hades in "Looking Death in the Eye" (24 April 2000)
 * Cleopatra 2525 (2000) .... Schrager in "Hel and Highwater (Part 1)" (13 May 2000)
 * Xena: Warrior Princess .... Hades in "Motherhood" (15 May 2000)
 * Cleopatra 2525 (2000) .... Schrager in "Hel and Highwater (Part 2)" (20 May 2000)
 * Stingers (2001) .... Liam O'Shea in "Slice" (6 November 2001)
 * Something in the Air (2001) .... Foster Sutton
 * Being Eve (2001–2002) .... Tim Baxter
 * The Strip (2002) .... Detective Shane Robertson
 * Revelations (2002) .... George Kent in "False Witness" (20 October 2002)
 * Mataku (2002) .... Trevor in "The Sisters" (24 October 2002)
 * Neighbours (2002–2007) .... Max Hoyland
 * Power Rangers: Jungle Fury (2008) .... Hamhock (voice) in "Bad to the Bone" (2 June 2008)
 * Legend of the Seeker .... Declan in "Confession" (31 January 2009)
 * Go Girls (2009–2010) .... Larry Smart
 * Spartacus: Gods of the Arena (2011) .... Tullius
 * Top of the Lake (2013) .... Officer Pete
 * The Making of the Mob: Chicago (2016) .... Dean O'Banion
 * Ash vs Evil Dead (2016) .... Thomas Emery
 * Roman Empire: Master of Rome (2018) ... Pompey
 * The Brokenwood Mysteries (TV series) (2018) .... Alex Fuller in "Bride Not to Be"
 * Shortland Street (2023 - Present).... Dr. Emmett Whitman (23rd January 2023 - Present)

Film

 * Send a Gorilla (1988) .... Darryn's Friend
 * Savage Honeymoon (2000) .... Phil Webb
 * Zenon: The Zequel (2001) .... Wills
 * This Is Not a Love Story (2002) ... Tony
 * Show of Hands (2008) .... Hatch
 * The Cure (2014) .... Ted Garner
 * The Kick (2014) ... narrator

Awards
In the 2003 New Zealand Film and TV Awards, Lovatt was nominated for Best Performance in a Digital Feature, for This is Not a Love Story. In 2006 he was awarded the title "Australia's Brainiest Neighbour" on a celebrity edition of the game show Australia's Brainiest.

title: Stephen Lovatt