text:
Talk:Destiny Church (New Zealand)

Untitled
Make sure you keep a neutral point of view when editing this page and not try to promote or demote the Church Mexaguil 10:21, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Enough is Enough (again)
A quick note as to why I have altered Danomatic's changes.

Two quotes from the cited sources:

"Just after noon thousands of men dressed in black T-shirts marched, rank in file, down Lambton Quay shouting "enough is enough" and punching the air with their fists."

From the Dominion Post article also cited: "Frankly I feel like I'm at a Nuremberg rally," transgender MP Georgina Beyer said as she watched a sea of black-shirted protesters.

Cleary more people than the participants in the haka were wearing black shirts according to these two reliable sources. A quick butchers through the earlier discussion on this page shows why we need to cite sources rather than our own unverifiable experiences or beliefs and not misrepresent what those sources say.

I also removed "conjoured" as IMO it is a weasel word but made explicit reference to the media's comparison of the marchers with Nazis. That seems fair enough. For the same reason I also reverted Danomatic's removal of the comment regarding strict culture which struck me as highly partial given that there can't be a church under the sun that doesn't advocate adherence to its teachings. The point is that Destiny Church is out of the ordinary in this respect, but to avoid any doubt I dug out another reference.

I have also reinstated references to concerns that Destiny Church displays cultlike characteristics. It seems a very, very, VERY partial bit of editing to remove them. They do not claim that Destiny Church *IS* a cult.The Angel of Islington 04:42, 20 June 2007 (UTC)

Cult?
I notice that someone changed "church" to "cult" the top of the article, and thankfully this was quickly reverted. I assume this was drive-by vandalism to make a point, but if not, I point out that "cult" is a flexible term and should be used with care. Destiny's control of its members, and the concerns raised by this are discussed in the article and in the attached references. Labelling Destiny as a 'cult' is not helpful.

If anyone feels there is anything wrong with the article in this regard, kindly have the courtesy to discuss proposed changes here before making them. The Angel of Islington 23:20, 11 April 2007 (UTC)

 * It's an emotive term that could easily be seen as POV, and the user DID offer reasons, which you have not responded to. Reverting again Ropata 10:30, 21 September 2007 (UTC)

Membership
A couple of quibbles about this section of the article:

"New members decide to become so by following certain criteria based on biblical principle.."

"Members are taught the biblical principle of the tithe of 10 percent of their income"

The above come close to POV comments, and say both too much and too little. Churches sincerely differ on the formulation and application of biblical principles, and Destiny can fairly be said to be out on a limb with much what they say. With respect to the former, why not simply state how new members join the church "in accordance with the the church's interpretation of biblical principle". I'm sure there must be a couple of Destiny members around to flesh out this detail. In the meantime, I suggest deleting this sentence.

With regard to the latter, I suggest the following: "Members are taught to pay tithes in accordance with the church's interpretation of the Bible".

If no one objects to these changes in the next few days I will make them. The Angel of Islington 07:16, 6 March 2007 (UTC)

Enough is Enough march
comments to 210.55.9.65 (a partisan of Destiny Church): if the whole church does not have alot more than 10,000 and obviously they don't all live or would travel to Wellington.It is more like the reported 5,000
 * you can't call it a "large" with only 10,000
 * it is not possible for the 2004 march in Wellington to have had 10,000 marchers
 * this is the second time you have hidden the fact that Destiny's support is very small. Mexaguil 11:28, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Not necessarily true as there were other church groups present at the rally. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 130.216.30.233 (talk) 09:10, 19 September 2007 (UTC)  - and many Christians from other churches 'support' (i.e. approve of) what Destiny stands for, or at least, did at the time.--NZUlysses 10:29, 21 October 2007 (UTC)

The "Enough is Enough" section does not have a single citation, and that is poor. In particular the assertions of violence, the numbers at the march, that the rally attracted 'considerable criticism', that the Destiny marchers were compared to storm troopers, really do need citations. I don't particularly doubt that all those facts are correct, but that is not the criterion for inclusion on Wikipedia.The Angel of Islington 08:06, 1 March 2007 (UTC)

I've removed unreferenced material namely the assertion of violence and material concerning the counter demonstrations. That was after having a good trawl in an attempt to find references myself. People are welcome to add material in - with references. The Angel of Islington 03:59, 23 May 2007 (UTC) At, or around the time of the march, it was reported that 8,000 people marched, which still sounds excessive to me, and I was there as an active member of the church.202.14.107.1 (talk) 17:30, 8 April 2010 (UTC)Glen Lovegrove

Category
I was the editor responsible for removing the 'New Zealand people category', as the Church is not a natural person. It really mucks up the page on which other New Zealanders appear—all of whom are natural persons. I see it has been restored today.

If we began adding in the names of the founders in the index, then let the floodgates open. I am, therefore, removing it, as Brian Tamaki is already there, and a Wikipedia visitor can easily find his/her way to the Destiny Church page through that. I am happy to hear objections. Stombs 11:34, Apr 13, 2005 (UTC)

Disambiguate
This page will have to be disambiguated due to the number of worldwide Destiny churches. I note the The New Zealand Destiny Church labels itslf as Destiny Church International. Need to decide on a suitable name for the new page. Alan Liefting 10:49, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Hello, there is a new disambig page :
 * Destiny Church (disambiguation) ... which we should link back to ...
 * but Destiny Church redirects straight to this article (Destiny Church, New Zealand), hmmmm
 * Ropata 11:15, 21 September 2007 (UTC)

Cite or reference?
The article states the following -- ".....Destiny TV was pulled from air in late 2004 due to the governments nervousness of the open promotion of the bible and disagreement with the normalising of homosexual acts". That's a big call, and if no-one produces evidence for it, I will delete it. Moriori 20:54, 3 December 2005 (UTC)
 * No comment, was the loud reply, OK, I'll remove it, and if anyone replaces it then they will need to provide evidence of its efficacy. Moriori 21:55, 4 December 2005 (UTC)

Bias
I have never, since I first found out about Wikipedia when it first started, ever seen as bias an article as this! It appears only one person is heavily involved in writing or commenting on this article and I emplore you follow the NPOV that this site is based upon! --60.234.154.177 06:52, 31 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Well hopefully it's a bit better than it was back then. - Papeschr 04:18, 11 March 2006 (UTC)

Bishopric
"This is a biblical principle for one who oversees a large number of pastors - which total 28. [4]" This does not make a lot of sense. The writer is obviusly trying to justify Tamaki basically having had himself enthroned, since there is no-one in the church higher than him.--Hugh7 09:56, 10 March 2006 (UTC)

No you are incorrect. Bishop Brian Tamaki is directly accountable to Bishop Eddie L. Long of New Birth Missionary Baptist Church of Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A. Also Bishop is a title given to an overseer of Churches - see 1 Timothy 3 of the New Testament (ἐπίσκοπος episkopos ep-is'-kop-os From G1909 and G4649 (in the sense of G1983); a superintendent, that is, Christian officer in general charge of a (or the) church (literally or figuratively): - bishop, overseer.) --222.155.91.5 23:49, 1 June 2006 (UTC)

And who provides the authority to Eddie Long? The church is a farce. In fact the only church that has any 'authority' is the catholic church, and that's only cultural considering the non-existence of god. 60.234.146.211 01:27, 8 August 2007 (UTC)

lol that's rather P.O.V.! Perhaps you have a Catholic background but Protestant Christians, 'culturally', disagree that only the Roman Catholic church has 'authority'. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 130.216.30.233 (talk) 09:13, 19 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Actually I think you'll find that Bishop Eddie L. Long has distanced himself from Brian Tamaki and the Destiny movement, which was painfully obvious with his absence from the last Labour weekend conference.202.14.107.1 (talk) 17:46, 8 April 2010 (UTC)Glen Lovegrove

POV
This article is seriously unbalanced. I see it has a link to it's entry at cults.co.nz but has no info on it's similarities to a cult inside the article itself. I hope to ammend this, but in the meantime I am tagging it POV. Glen Stollery (My contribs) (talk) 11:59, 10 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Sounds good Glen, have you been to a Destiny church yourself? I ask because I haven't, most of my additions are based on gleanings from the news, from the Web, and from Tamaki TV. A report from a mystery worshipper is here. I hesitate to call the church a cult, but it has many of the same attributes of one: larger-than-life dictator in charge, high-pressure tactics, isolation from the community, strict control over members, but the thing that appears least Christian (from my POV) is its focus on money and apparent lack of grace.Perhaps a new subsection could be added to the article discussing this stuff. Unfortunately the church has played a vocal part in some divisive issues, so NPOV may be a challenge. Cheers, - Papeschr 04:16, 11 March 2006 (UTC)

Comment
I personally know a pastor who attended this march - he said the police called this march, and the one Family march in Ackland in March 2005 (and wrongly labelled a "Destiny" march as they only participated in it), very well organised and disciplined. The real people haters were the gay community of Auckland who slashed effigies of Bishop Brian Tamaki and invaded the march for traditional family values with nudity and foul language (i was there!). These so -called "blackshirts" do look very mean indeed - many are, after all, saved out of a hard life of violence but to see their spirit-filled discipline in the face of homosexuals shouting abuse inches from their faces, was amazing! Only in little insulated New Zealand would anyone call such a church and their message a cult. Most modern, free countries now have churches bigger than 5,000 members and it really is no big deal. New Zealand government is very domineering and high handed, despite looking very liberal, and they have a massive homosexual agenda so they have personally been behind much of the attack on Destiny. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by User: 210.55.230.123 on May 28 06 at 10:16

 * I think that you have been mislead. In Wellington, the pro-Civil Union marchers were surrounded by Destiny marchers and many were beaten.  Destiny marchers would come among the GLBT people and punch, push and spit on us.  They were very violent and intimidating, and there are lots of photos, including some published in the GLBT media, or Destiny marchers engaging in these acts.  In Auckland, the few GLBT people that counter rallied were pelted with eggs, abused and insulted.  The very fact that the march in Auckland was to denounce our very existence is provoking and intimidating; GLBT people do not hold rallies against Destiny (unless Destiny have started one themselves).  To see homosexuals beaten, belittled, dehumanised, spat on, defaced and defiled by thugs who claim to be closer to God than us is so anger provoking I'm surprised that gays and lesbians didn't retaliated more than we did.
 * The fact that you speak of a 'homosexual agenda' shows what a nasty little ignorant bigot you yourself truly are.
 * In future, sign your posts. Enzedbrit 23:35, 1 June 2006 (UTC)

The above writter is either an outright lier or was not at the above mentioned march. I was there personally and can testify that there was no such altercations except the throwing of eggs which were aimed at Bishop Tamaki by members of the GLBT community. The police, who were also there in considerable numbers did infact comment on how orderly the members of the destiny march in Wellington were. In the Auckland march they did not arrest anyone from the destiny movement but did infact arrested several members of the GLBT community for indecent exposure and assault. So get your facts straight, or perhaps more closer to the bone... Stop trying to misinform the members of the public and while your at it stop trying to twist the truth. --222.155.91.5 00:09, 2 June 2006 (UTC)

 * I was not in Auckland - many of my friends were. I take their word and the report of the media over Destiny any day.  I can also attest to the disgusting display of misinformed young people supporting Destiny, the appalling and insulting heckling of MP Georgina Beyer, having been in Wellington, seen the violence, seen the bruises, and of course, the results of the thuggish Destiny churchers later that night as they went fag-bashing on Courtenay and Cuba.  There was a counter rally in Auckland, at which Destiny supporters and loveless "Christians" turned up to preach that homosexuals are sick, degenerate.  These people were not harmed in the slightest.  One forgets that after centuries of violent oppression, legalised discrimination, and in many countries the death penalty, GLBT people have every right to be angry and in New Zealand compose themselves immacuately considering what we still experience.  Destiny is currently the biggest provocator of hatred in this country and has been for quite some time; a violent and dangerous ideology that misleads thousands, preaches a false Christianity, mocking other forms as being impure whilst at the same time embracing pagan Christmas and Easter, and filling the coffers of Bishop Brian.  I suggest to you rather that you get your facts straight.  And sign your postings. Enzedbrit 05:11, 2 June 2006 (UTC)

Please people, try to maintain calm here. It's not going to help going at each other's throats in the talk page. And Enzedbrit, don't worry about people not signing their names, try a reverse DNS lookup. Check it here, contingency40 09:00, 7 June 2006 (UTC)

hearsay
in light of the disputed nature of this article, i have identified two statements that need citations, or deletions. feel free to point out more. if no citations are forthcoming, they will be deleted. Xcomradex 10:41, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

Many comments about Destiny's Marches have been given 'citation' requirements. This event is still fresh in many minds. To put a citatation means that not to have one should result in the comment's removal. This is ineffective, as it would require trawling through masses of information to find a fact to back this up. In the future, when witnesses are all dead and gone, a fact would have more standing. Otherwise, it's like requesting a fact to prove what the weather is. Enzedbrit 20:39, 8 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Be that as it may, the criterion for inclusion on Wikipedia is attribution, see: Attribution, and I quote from that page: "The threshold for inclusion in Wikipedia is whether material is attributable to a reliable published source, not whether it is true. Wikipedia is not the place to publish your opinions, experiences, or arguments". If I find material that can verify the facts relating to the march then I shall add references, but we need to get this clear first. The Angel of Islington 08:19, 1 March 2007 (UTC)

Title
Why not just Destiny Church? It redirects here anyway, and there is no disambiguation note. Richard001 09:04, 21 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Destiny Church used to be a disambig page listing other "destiny churches" but this is the only one with a wikipedia article. Maybe there should be a Destiny Church (disambiguation) ?? Ropata 10:21, 21 September 2007 (UTC)

Oh, I see. I've added a disambiguation link. Are the other churches connected in any way? If they are of the same level of notability the disambiguation should be moved to destiny church, if not perhaps deleted and this moved there. Richard001 01:12, 22 September 2007 (UTC)
 * The "other" Destiny churches are mainly in the British Isles, but are apparently blissfully unaware of Destiny NZ. The Brit versions have no wikipedia articles that I know of, but they are probably bigger than Destiny NZ. I reckon just keep things the way they are, until someone puts together an article about the British churches. Cheers. Ropata 01:52, 22 September 2007 (UTC)

Answers Please
Who is the person who removes all the bad news about Destiny Church, it seams that some is trying to protect the church could people please leave changes to the text in place and stop trying to make destiny out to be a normal church. 10% is what they ask of you from your every day wage and Brian Tamaki has a lot of money. That is fact. It is also a fact that the tithe is only a portion of what they expect their members to give. On top of the tithe, they expect offerings (that which you freely give) and firstfruits, which is like a tithe for the increase coming in the next 12 months.202.14.107.1 (talk) 17:38, 8 April 2010 (UTC)Glen Lovegrove —Preceding unsigned comment added by 202.169.220.139 (talk) 02:14, 26 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Please see WP:NPOV, and WP:CITE, and you'll understand why your changes are reverted.- gadfium 05:09, 26 September 2007 (UTC)
 * I agree with Gadfium  Amit @  Talk  10:30, 21 October 2007 (UTC)

Image at top captioned "Destiny Church headquarters is a large auditorium in Auckland."
Why do we need to use a fair use image here? Is this building totally off-limits to the public? If so could we not organize a spy-mission to take photos of it, possibly with funding from the Wikimedia Foundation? Richard001 (talk) 19:17, 30 October 2009 (UTC)
 * I agree that the fair use rationale does not appear appropriate. Any member of the public can take a photo of the exterior of the building suitable to illustrate the article. A spy mission is not required for this.- gadfium 19:56, 30 October 2009 (UTC)
 * If somebody in Auckland could go on a mission to take a free / public domain photo that would be great. The address is 18 Allright Place, Mt Wellington. The rationale is there because I can't do so.. Ropata (talk) 02:34, 31 October 2009 (UTC)

Article title - parentheses instead of comma

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was page moved. -- Alan Liefting (talk) - 19:41, 1 November 2009 (UTC)

Destiny Church, New Zealand → Destiny Church (New Zealand) — "New Zealand" does not appear to be part of the church's name. Disambiguating phrases are normally added in parentheses, except for placenames. See WP:NCDAB. Nurg (talk) 03:42, 31 October 2009 (UTC)

 * Support per nom and WP:NAME and as article Creator (! if that helps...) -- Alan Liefting (talk) - 04:11, 31 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Support. The current title looks like a place name! .. Ropata (talk) 10:42, 31 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Support. Current title is indeed misleading. M0RD00R (talk) 15:57, 1 November 2009 (UTC)

I will be not so bold and do it. -- Alan Liefting (talk) - 19:31, 1 November 2009 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

NPD (narcissistic Personality Disorder)
From what I have observed of Tamaki he may be suffering from a malignant form of Narcissistic Personality Disorder. It would be interesting for the article if some sort of psychological observation could be added. There is bound to be a published thesis on his organisation somewhere.

The following quote is telling, with its undertones of control, the fragility towards criticism, the need for ever increasing amounts of narcissistic supply (adulation, grandiosity and ego stroking):"To you Bishop we pledge our allegiance, our faithfulness and loyalty. We pledge to serve the cause that is in your heart and to finish that work. Success to you and success to those who help you - for God is with you.”

This public persona has the appearance of someone lacking a healthily functioning ego. Someone doing political personality profiling is likely to conclude that Tamaki's public behaviour is indicative of a malformed or narcissistically wounded ego. From a psychological POV this is a common cause for an unrelenting and growing need for external validation. His form of narcissism appears to be malignant because it is getting worse. At some point such a personality is likely to implode because now that he is fancied as some sort of king or pope, where do you go from here? The reincarnation of Jesus Christ perhaps? But eventually that wouldn't be lofty enough so he might then need to become God himself. Maintaining such increasingly grandiose illusions is going to get more and more difficult and the usual result is some sort of melt down into narcissistic rage when the false-self (inevitably) feels punctured.

This - of course - is speculation at this point, but there are plenty of precedents in other personality cults. See Jonestown as one such example.

I suspect followers will interpret criticism of Tamaki as some combination of tall-poppy syndrome and short-sightedness in the face of his visionary greatness/battler-saviour image. This perception is bound to be encouraged by the church, no doubt with an us-and-them mentality thrown in.

121.73.7.84 (talk) 01:49, 14 November 2009 (UTC)

Since no one has put Brian Tamaki on a psychologist's couch (as far as I am aware), judging his public behaviour and that of destiny church by the following clinical criteria may be the most useful. It could even be placed in the article:

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fourth edition, DSM IV-TR, a widely used manual for diagnosing mental disorders, defines narcissistic personality disorder (in Axis II Cluster B) as:[6]

A pervasive pattern of grandiosity (in fantasy or behavior), need for admiration, and lack of empathy, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by five (or more) of the following:

- Has a grandiose sense of self-importance (e.g., exaggerates achievements and talents, expects to be recognized as superior without commensurate achievements)

- Is preoccupied with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty, or ideal love

- Believes that he or she is "special" and unique and can only be understood by, or should associate with, other special or high-status people (or institutions)

- Requires excessive admiration

- Has a sense of entitlement, i.e., unreasonable expectations of especially favorable treatment or automatic compliance with his or her expectations

- Is interpersonally exploitative, i.e., takes advantage of others to achieve his or her own ends

- Lacks empathy: is unwilling to recognize or identify with the feelings and needs of others

- Is often envious of others or believes others are envious of him or her

- Shows arrogant, haughty behaviors or attitudes

121.73.7.84 (talk) 02:04, 14 November 2009 (UTC)
 * This is all speculation and WP:OR. If you can find some references, go ahead and edit the Brian Tamaki article. Ropata (talk) 10:24, 16 November 2009 (UTC)

Discussion of article hidden
To hide discussion on issues relevant to the article in a collapsed segment above appears to be censorship. It is not a BLP violation because it has never been a part of a biography of a living person on Wikipedia. I have noticed this obstructive pattern on Wikipedia before when dealing with with cult-like organisations. Scientology postings, for instance, are regularly purged by trolls.

The section that has been hidden was never placed in the article, but was a discussion of (elephant-in-the-room) issues relevant to (but ignored by) the article with suggestions for areas where published research should be sought. Discussion of areas relevant to articles and what needs to be explored, evidence provisioned, etc. are by their very nature discussions not proof.

Nothing written in that section is off-topic for organisations with Destiny Church's character. Finding published references is never going to happen if discussions are circumvented in the first place. But I suspect that is the whole point in eliminating material Destiny Church probably doesn't want elucidated.

121.73.7.84 (talk) 19:00, 21 February 2010 (UTC)

 * It is not censorship since the section is still accessible. Wikipedia is very sensitive about any any possible BLP issues after the Wikipedia biography controversy. -- Alan Liefting (talk) - 04:45, 22 February 2010 (UTC)

When someone clicks on: 17 NPD (narcissistic Personality Disorder) in the contents page it goes nowhere. It doesn't go to and open the pink bar. As for concerns about defamation - that is fair enough. However I will add that IMO defending such a description of the church or Tamaki would pose little difficulty. It's only defamatory if its not true. 121.73.7.84 (talk) 07:37, 22 February 2010 (UTC)

These published sources consider Destiny Church to be a personality cult with clearly narcissistic behaviour and attitudes displayed by its leader, so discussion of issues related to this is clearly relevant to the article.

These links may also be useful in discussion of the article: A Primer on Narcissism and the Group Leader’s Personality and What goes into making someone become a cult leader?

There seems to be even more than just the links I have supplied above regarding this church. Quite clearly I have raised issues for discussion entirely relevant for consideration in improving the article. But is there any point investing valuable time continuing to address it further? I'm sure it will all be deleted or hidden, so people just give up. I expect that is the goal.

121.73.7.84 (talk) 19:32, 21 February 2010 (UTC)

 * There is already a number of references to the cult-like status of the church in the article. One of the links you provide is already in the article. Some of the other links that you supply are not considered to be reliable sources. Note that Wikipedia must use information that has already been published. We cannot do any original research on Wikipedia. -- Alan Liefting (talk) - 04:45, 22 February 2010 (UTC)

This is the talk page for discussing improvements to the Destiny Church (New Zealand) article. This is not a forum for general discussion of the article's subject. Ropata (talk) 00:46, 25 February 2010 (UTC)

Yes Ropata, I KNOW. This IS about improving the article. 121.73.7.84 (talk) 09:29, 25 February 2010 (UTC)

Link to Tamaki saying: "I am God, I am not just some man or some spirit, I am God". 121.73.7.84 (talk) 23:16, 4 March 2010 (UTC)

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Far right?
Far right? I don't think the 'World Socialist Web Site' is an impartial source. https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2019/07/02/dest-j02.html And the other reference is all over the place and barely coherent. https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/christchurch-shooting/113929249/populist-and-farright-rhetoric-gains-currency-in-new-zealands-political-fringe Flexdream (talk) 20:51, 21 March 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Destiny Church (New Zealand)


text:
User talk:Emmanuel Chanel

Happy Birthday!
Have a great day :) -- sannse (talk) 09:53, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Thank you, sannse! Now I see what "you gave me a cake"(Not quote) mean. Angelix 22:51, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Emmanuel Chanel


text:
Talk:John Aylmer

Untitled
the two men on this disambiguation page are the same person. i'm new to wikipedia: how on earth do i change this?

title: Talk:John Aylmer


text:
User:UninvitedCompany/History

Most tenacious editors

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title: User:UninvitedCompany/History


text:
William Samuel Symonds

William Samuel Symonds (13 December 1818 – 15 September 1887) was an English cleric, geologist and author.

Life
He was born in Hereford, and educated at Cheltenham College and Christ's College, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. in 1842. Having taken holy orders he was appointed curate of Offenham, near Evesham in 1843, and two years later he was presented to the living of Pendock in Worcestershire, the advowson of which, together with the lordship of the manor, had been bought by his grandfather, Samuel Beale of Upton-on-Severn. Here he remained until 1877. While at Offenham he became acquainted with HE Strickland and from him developed an interest in natural history and geology, which consumed him from that point. He was one of the founders of the Woolhope Naturalists' Field Club (1851) and of the Malvern Naturalists' Field Club (1853), and was an active member of the Cotteswold Field Club and other local societies.

In 1858 he edited an edition of Hugh Miller's Cruise of the "Betsey." He was the author of numerous essays on the geology of the Malvern country, notably of a paper "On the passage-beds from the Upper Silurian rocks into the Lower Old Red Sandstone at Ledbury" (Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. 1860). His principal work was Records of the Rocks (1872), indexed by the young Caroline Alice Roberts. He was author of Stones of the Valley (1857), Old Bones, or Notes for Young Naturalists (1859, 2nd ed. 1864), and other popular works including historical romances such as Malvern Chase and Hanley Castle. He died at Cheltenham on 15 September 1887.

His daughter Hyacinth was the second wife of the Scottish naturalist Sir William Jardine, 7th Baronet, and then the second wife of the great botanist Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker, one of the closest friends of Charles Darwin.

title: William Samuel Symonds


text:
Jobst

Jobst is a given name and surname.

Given name
People with given name Jobst include:
 * Jobst of Moravia
 * Jobst Oetzmann
 * Jobst Brandt
 * Jobst Fricke
 * Jobst Wagner
 * Jobst Nikolaus I, Count of Hohenzollern
 * Jobst II, Count of Hoya
 * Jobst Harrich
 * Jobst Kuch
 * Friedrich-Jobst Volckamer von Kirchensittenbach
 * Jobst I, Count of Hoya
 * Jobst Burgi
 * Jobst Herman, Count of Schaumburg
 * Jobst Herman, Count of Lippe
 * Jobst of Limburg
 * Jobst Oetzmann
 * Jobst Bernhard von Aufsees
 * Jobst Hirscht
 * Jobst I, Count of Holstein-Schauenburg
 * Jobst Amman

Surname
People with surname Jobst include:
 * Arnold Jobst, Count of Bentheim and Steinfurt
 * Herbert Jobst, German writer (1915–1990)
 * John Jobst, German clergyman (1920–2014)
 * Jola Jobst, German actress (1915–1952)
 * Karl Jobst, Australian speedrunner, YouTuber, and journalist
 * Kerstin Susanne Jobst, German historian and professor
 * Mason Jobst, American ice hockey player (b. 1994)
 * Rolf Jobst, German rower (b. 1951)
 * Wolf Jobst Siedler, German publisher (1926–2013)
 * Wolfgang Jobst, Australian sports shooter (b. 1956)

title: Jobst


text:
Ryan International Airlines

Ryan International Airlines, Inc. was an American FAR 121 airline with domestic, flag, and supplemental authority.

Synopsis and history
Based at Chicago Rockford International Airport in Rockford, Illinois, the US Postal Service was once the airline's main customer, utilizing Boeing 727 aircraft operated by Ryan International on scheduled mail delivery flights. Ryan also flew non-scheduled charter passenger services for excursion and tour packagers, along with the United States Department of Defense, the United States Department of Justice, and others.

In 1998, the airline began operating flights from California to Hawaii and Mexico, using a pair of McDonnell Douglas DC-10 aircraft and several Airbus A320s on behalf of SunTrips, a vacation package operator in California. The aircraft were operated with Skyservice USA titles and wore the livery of Airtours International Airways, SunTrips' parent company. In 2000, the Skyservice USA titles were replaced with SunTrips titles on the aircraft. Later, Ryan would operate SunTrips flights using Boeing 757 aircraft in Ryan's own livery.

The airline was wholly owned by Ronald Ryan until 2005, when it was purchased by commercial real-estate firm Rubloff Development Group. Ryan operated scheduled passenger flights with Airbus A320 jets for AirTran Airways between Atlanta and the US west coast in 2003 and 2004, after which AirTran began operating the flights themselves with newly delivered Boeing 737-700 aircraft.

Since moving to Rubloff's headquarters in Rockford in 2006, Ryan held a notable number of contracts working mainly for the United States Department of Defense and the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS). Until summer 2008, it maintained large operations in Milwaukee St Louis and Boston for Funjet and Apple Vacations. These contracts were terminated following the failure of European carrier Futura International Airways, from which Ryan leased several aircraft to support this operation.

In November 2011, Ryan took delivery their first Airbus A330-300, leased from Virgin Atlantic.

In February 2012, Ryan furloughed pilots, flight attendants, and support staff. On March 6, 2012, Ryan filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy, citing "unexpected and dramatic reductions in military flying." On April 1, 2012, Ryan lost its bid to continue flying for the DHS. The loss of the DHS contract resulted in the immediate grounding of four McDonnell Douglas MD-80 aircraft to cut costs. On August 1, 2012, Ryan returned its A330-300 to Virgin Atlantic, ending its lease and accepting an older model Airbus A330-200 formerly operated by Atlasjet. Six days later, Jeff Potter, former CEO of Frontier Airlines was hired as the "Chief Restructuring Officer" for Ryan. He is also the President and CEO of aviation consulting firm Boyd Group International. Ryan's President/COO Mike McCabe had left Ryan in May due to cancer surgery. On August 15, 2012, Ryan announced it would be furloughing approximately 30 pilots and 60 flight attendants throughout the coming weeks. Two days later, the majority of flight attendants voted "Yes" to the AFA Contract agreement. At the end of that month, 25 or more management and administrative positions were eliminated. Those positions received same-day notice as the company attempted to further cut costs. Ryan again announced it would be furloughing more pilots and approximately 18 more flight attendants.

On January 11, 2013, Ryan International Airlines' CEO announced that the airline had gone into liquidation. Its staff were dismissed and it ceased operations. On January 31, 2013, charter air-tour operator AstraJet's holding company, AJET Holdings LLC, signed a purchase agreement to buy Ryan International out of bankruptcy with plans to restart the airline under the AstraJet name, operating commercial and charter flights out of Europe to Florida, the Far East, Hawaii, Nevada, and South America. The purchase was completed on March 4, 2013, with AJET taking control of Ryan's Part-121 scheduled-air-carrier license and collective-bargaining agreement with flight attendants and pilots.

Kickback fraud scheme
On August 13, 2013, a grand jury returned an indictment against Sean E. Wagner, the former owner and operator of Aviation Fuel International (AFI), and against AFI, charging them for their roles in a conspiracy to defraud Ryan International Airlines. According to the indictment, Wagner and AFI made kickback payments to Wayne Kepple, a former vice president of ground operations for Ryan, in exchange for awarding business to AFI.

According to court documents, from at least as early as December 2005 through at least August 2009, Wagner and others at AFI made kickback payments to Kepple totaling more than $200,000 in the form of checks, wire transfers, cash and gift cards.

Wagner pleaded guilty on March 12, 2014, to participating in a kickback scheme to defraud Ryan Airlines. The charges against AFI were dismissed on February 21, 2014.

Fleet
Ryan International operated a diverse fleet of jetliners during its existence including the following aircraft:

 * Airbus A320
 * Airbus A330-200
 * Airbus A330-300
 * Boeing 727-100
 * Boeing 727-200
 * Boeing 737-200
 * Boeing 737-300
 * Boeing 737-400
 * Boeing 737-500
 * Boeing 737-800
 * Boeing 757-200
 * Boeing 767-300
 * McDonnell Douglas DC-9-10
 * McDonnell Douglas DC-10-10
 * McDonnell Douglas MD-82
 * McDonnell Douglas MD-83
 * McDonnell Douglas MD-87

Incidents and accidents
Ryan International only had two accidents in its history, one of which was fatal.

 * On February 17, 1991, Ryan International Airlines Flight 590, a McDonnell Douglas DC-9-15 (registration N565PC) crashed after takeoff from Cleveland Hopkins International Airport. The aircraft was on a cargo flight carrying mail. Both pilots, the aircraft's only occupants, were killed.
 * On October 1, 1997, A Boeing 727-51C (registration N414EX) operating as Flight 607 collided with a shuttle bus at Denver International Airport. There were no fatalities. All three crew members survived, though the captain and first officer were injured. The driver of the shuttle bus was also injured. The aircraft was substantially damaged and written off.

title: Ryan International Airlines


text: Category:Local government districts in South Yorkshire


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Andrei Irimia

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. - Mailer Diablo 03:23, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Andrei Irimia
Nominated for deletion, as this is not a notable scientist. The Google shows around 100 hits, most of which are from messages board, usenet article or mailman mailing list "from" fields, along with a personal website. On this basis, it has the potential to be a vanity webpage. If it was from a logged in user I would suggest to userfy, but as the users was anonymous, I suggest a delete. Oliver Keenan 10:06, Apr 10, 2005 (UTC)

Delete. Sholtar 10:00, Apr 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure, his bibliography shows some articles, but I'm in no position to assess their importance. Abstain. Mgm|(talk) 14:02, Apr 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * He has 9 peer-review publications since 2001, is only a research fellow at Vanderbilt University, delete --nixie 15:22, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unless he does something really cool before Thursday. --Asriel86 17:38, Apr 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * He's listed as a notable biophysicist on the Biophysics page. Should that be believed? — RJH 18:28, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * He is a biophysicist, he just hasn't done anything notable yet--nixie 21:53, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * He just wrote his master's thesis in 2004; maybe his supervisor is a notable biophysicist. He might be worth another look when he's a tenured professor somewhere, or has a paper or two in Nature, or makes the cover of Time.  For now, delete. --TenOfAllTrades | Talk 01:28, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Vanity Dsmdgold 02:02, Apr 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Question: Who added his name to the biophysics page? Maybe it's an attempt to make him seem notable. Mgm|(talk) 08:24, Apr 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Same anon [user:68.53.173.232] that made the page subject to this vote--nixie 08:37, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete looks like nn. Grue 19:03, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
GPS meteorology

GPS meteorology refers to the use of the effect of the atmosphere on the propagation of the Global Positioning System's (GPS) radio signals to derive information on the state of the (lower, neutral) atmosphere.

There are currently two main operational techniques in use in GPS meteorology: GPS limb sounding from orbit, and GPS water vapour monitoring.

Ground-based
As a result, if it is possible to determine the total atmospheric delay by GPS, one can subtract out the calculated contribution by the well-mixed "dry" gasses from the measured air pressure at the surface, and obtain a measure for the absolute water vapour content of the atmosphere, integrated from surface to space. This is also referred to as "total precipitable water vapour".

What makes it possible to determine the total atmospheric delay, is its known dependence of the zenith or elevation angle of the satellite. If $$z$$ is the zenith angle, the propagation path delay is proportional to $$\frac{1}{\cos z}$$. This unique signature makes it possible to solve separately for the zenith delay in GPS computations also solving for station coordinates and receiver clock delays.

Nowadays water vapour estimates are generated routinely in real time (latency measured in hours) by permanent geodetic GPS networks existing in many parts of the world.

Water vapour is a very important gas for meteorological and climatological studies, because of the latent heat it carries in transport. Additionally it is a powerful greenhouse gas. The GPS technique is especially valuable because it measures absolute water vapour content or partial pressure rather than relative humidity, which corresponds to water vapour contents that are strongly dependent on the often not precisely known temperature.

Space-based
One can receive on a low flying satellite the signals from the much higher orbiting (20 000 km) GPS satellite constellation. As the low flying satellite orbits the Earth in 1.5 hours, many of the GPS satellites will "rise" and "set" during the time of the orbit. When they do, their signal will traverse the atmosphere.

A signal delay is produced which grows or decays exponentially with time, just as the atmospheric density is an exponential function of height above the Earth's surface. In fact, this so-called limb sounding technique allows us to determine the scale height, the constant describing the steepness of this atmospheric density decay. This makes the technique extremely valuable for climatological studies, as the scale height is directly related to the temperature in the upper atmosphere, where the limb sounding signals do their sensing. The technique works best in the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere; it breaks down close to the Earth surface especially in the tropics, due to water vapour extinction.

Satellites involved in GPS limb sounding have been: METSAT, OERSTED (Danish), and several others.

Links and references

 * GPS meteorology

title: GPS meteorology


text:
Call stack

In computer science, a call stack is a stack data structure that stores information about the active subroutines of a computer program. This type of stack is also known as an execution stack, program stack, control stack, run-time stack, or machine stack, and is often shortened to simply "the stack". Although maintenance of the call stack is important for the proper functioning of most software, the details are normally hidden and automatic in high-level programming languages. Many computer instruction sets provide special instructions for manipulating stacks.

A call stack is used for several related purposes, but the main reason for having one is to keep track of the point to which each active subroutine should return control when it finishes executing. An active subroutine is one that has been called, but is yet to complete execution, after which control should be handed back to the point of call. Such activations of subroutines may be nested to any level (recursive as a special case), hence the stack structure. For example, if a subroutine  calls a subroutine   from four different places,   must know where to return when its execution completes. To accomplish this, the address following the instruction that jumps to, the return address, is pushed onto the top of the call stack as part of each call.

Description
Since the call stack is organized as a stack, the caller pushes the return address onto the stack, and the called subroutine, when it finishes, pulls or pops the return address off the call stack and transfers control to that address. If a called subroutine calls on yet another subroutine, it will push another return address onto the call stack, and so on, with the information stacking up and unstacking as the program dictates. If the pushing consumes all of the space allocated for the call stack, an error called a stack overflow occurs, generally causing the program to crash. Adding a block's or subroutine's entry to the call stack is sometimes called "winding", and removing entries "unwinding".

There is usually exactly one call stack associated with a running program (or more accurately, with each task or thread of a process), although additional stacks may be created for signal handling or cooperative multitasking (as with setcontext). Since there is only one in this important context, it can be referred to as the stack (implicitly "of the task"); however, in the Forth programming language the data stack or parameter stack is accessed more explicitly than the call stack and is commonly referred to as the stack (see below).

In high-level programming languages, the specifics of the call stack are usually hidden from the programmer. They are given access only to a set of functions, and not the memory on the stack itself. This is an example of abstraction. Most assembly languages, on the other hand, require programmers to be involved in manipulating the stack. The actual details of the stack in a programming language depend upon the compiler, operating system, and the available instruction set.

Functions of the call stack
As noted above, the primary purpose of a call stack is to store the return addresses. When a subroutine is called, the location (address) of the instruction at which the calling routine can later resume must be saved somewhere. Using a stack to save the return address has important advantages over some alternative calling conventions, such as saving the return address before the beginning of the called subroutine or in some other fixed location. One is that each task can have its own stack, and thus the subroutine can be thread-safe, that is, able to be active simultaneously for different tasks doing different things. Another benefit is that by providing reentrancy, recursion is automatically supported. When a function calls itself recursively, a return address needs to be stored for each activation of the function so that it can later be used to return from the function activation. Stack structures provide this capability automatically.

Depending on the language, operating system, and machine environment, a call stack may serve additional purposes, including, for example:

 * Local data storage
 * A subroutine frequently needs memory space for storing the values of local variables, the variables that are known only within the active subroutine and do not retain values after it returns. It is often convenient to allocate space for this use by simply moving the top of the stack by enough to provide the space. This is very fast when compared to dynamic memory allocation, which uses the heap space. Note that each separate activation of a subroutine gets its own separate space in the stack for locals.

 * Parameter passing
 * Subroutines often require that values for parameters be supplied to them by the code which calls them, and it is not uncommon that space for these parameters may be laid out in the call stack. Generally if there are only a few small parameters, processor registers will be used to pass the values, but if there are more parameters than can be handled this way, memory space will be needed. The call stack works well as a place for these parameters, especially since each call to a subroutine, which will have differing values for parameters, will be given separate space on the call stack for those values. In object-oriented languages such as C++, the list of parameters may also include the  pointer.

 * Evaluation stack
 * Operands for arithmetic or logical operations are most often placed into registers and operated on there. However, in some situations the operands may be stacked up to an arbitrary depth, which means something more than registers must be used (this is the case of register spilling). The stack of such operands, rather like that in an RPN calculator, is called an evaluation stack, and may occupy space in the call stack.

 * Enclosing subroutine context
 * Some programming languages (e.g., Pascal and Ada) support declaration of nested subroutines, which are allowed to access the context of their enclosing routines, i.e., the parameters and local variables within the scope of the outer routines. Such static nesting can repeat (a function declared within a function declared within a function…). The implementation must provide a means by which a called function at any given static nesting level can reference the enclosing frame at each enclosing nesting level. This reference is commonly implemented by a pointer to the frame of the most recently activated instance of the enclosing function, called a "downstack link" or "static link", to distinguish it from the "dynamic link" that refers to the immediate caller (which need not be the static parent function).
 * Instead of a static link, the references to the enclosing static frames may be collected into an array of pointers known as a display which is indexed to locate a desired frame. The depth of a routine's lexical nesting is a known constant, so the size of a routine's display is fixed. Also, the number of containing scopes to traverse is known, the index into the display is also fixed. Usually, a routine's display is located in its own stack frame, but the Burroughs B6500 implemented such a display in hardware which supported up to 32 levels of static nesting.
 * The display entries denoting containing scopes are obtained from the appropriate prefix of the caller's display. An inner routine which recurses creates separate call frames for each invocation. In this case, all of the inner routine's static links point to the same outer routine context.

 * Enclosed block context
 * In some languages, e.g., ALGOL 60, PL/I, a block within a procedure may have its own local variables, allocated on block entry and freed on block exit. Similarly, the block may have its own exception handlers, deactivated at block exit.

 * Other return state
 * Beside the return address, in some environments there may be other machine or software states that need to be restored when a subroutine returns. This might include things like privilege level, exception-handling information, arithmetic modes, and so on. If needed, this may be stored in the call stack just as the return address is.

The typical call stack is used for the return address, locals, and parameters (known as a call frame). In some environments there may be more or fewer functions assigned to the call stack. In the Forth programming language, for example, ordinarily only the return address, counted loop parameters and indexes, and possibly local variables are stored on the call stack (which in that environment is named the return stack), although any data can be temporarily placed there using special return-stack handling code so long as the needs of calls and returns are respected; parameters are ordinarily stored on a separate data stack or parameter stack, typically called the stack in Forth terminology even though there is a call stack since it is usually accessed more explicitly. Some Forths also have a third stack for floating-point parameters.

Structure

A call stack is composed of stack frames (also called activation records or activation frames). These are machine dependent and ABI-dependent data structures containing subroutine state information. Each stack frame corresponds to a call to a subroutine which has not yet terminated with a return. For example, if a subroutine named  is currently running, having been called by a subroutine , the top part of the call stack might be laid out like in the adjacent picture.

A diagram like this can be drawn in either direction as long as the placement of the top, and so direction of stack growth, is understood. Architectures differ as to whether call stacks grow towards higher addresses or towards lower addresses, so the logic of any diagram is not dependent on this addressing choice by convention.

The stack frame at the top of the stack is for the currently executing routine, which can access information within its frame (such as parameters or local variables) in any order. The stack frame usually includes at least the following items (in push order):
 * the arguments (parameter values) passed to the routine (if any);
 * the return address back to the routine's caller (e.g. in the  stack frame, an address into  's code); and
 * space for the local variables of the routine (if any).

Stack and frame pointers
When stack frame sizes can differ, such as between different functions or between invocations of a particular function, popping a frame off the stack does not constitute a fixed decrement of the stack pointer. At function return, the stack pointer is instead restored to the frame pointer, the value of the stack pointer just before the function was called. Each stack frame contains a stack pointer to the top of the frame immediately below. The stack pointer is a mutable register shared between all invocations. A frame pointer of a given invocation of a function is a copy of the stack pointer as it was before the function was invoked.

The locations of all other fields in the frame can be defined relative either to the top of the frame, as negative offsets of the stack pointer, or relative to the top of the frame below, as positive offsets of the frame pointer. The location of the frame pointer itself must inherently be defined as a negative offset of the stack pointer.

Storing the address to the caller's frame
In most systems a stack frame has a field to contain the previous value of the frame pointer register, the value it had while the caller was executing. For example, the stack frame of  would have a memory location holding the frame pointer value that   uses (not shown in the diagram above). The value is saved upon entry to the subroutine. Having such a field in a known location in the stack frame enables code to access each frame successively underneath the currently executing routine's frame, and also allows the routine to easily restore the frame pointer to the caller's frame, just before it returns.

Lexically nested routines
Programming languages that support nested subroutines also have a field in the call frame that points to the stack frame of the latest activation of the procedure that most closely encapsulates the callee, i.e. the immediate scope of the callee. This is called an access link or static link (as it keeps track of static nesting during dynamic and recursive calls) and provides the routine (as well as any other routines it may invoke) access to the local data of its encapsulating routines at every nesting level. Some architectures, compilers, or optimization cases store one link for each enclosing level (not just the immediately enclosing), so that deeply nested routines that access shallow data do not have to traverse several links; this strategy is often called a "display".

Access links can be optimized away when an inner function does not access any (non-constant) local data in the encapsulation, as is the case with pure functions communicating only via arguments and return values, for example. Some historical computers, such as the Electrologica X8 and somewhat later the Burroughs large systems, had special "display registers" to support nested functions, while compilers for most modern machines (such as the ubiquitous x86) simply reserve a few words on the stack for the pointers, as needed.

Overlap
For some purposes, the stack frame of a subroutine and that of its caller can be considered to overlap, the overlap consisting of the area where the parameters are passed from the caller to the callee. In some environments, the caller pushes each argument onto the stack, thus extending its stack frame, then invokes the callee. In other environments, the caller has a preallocated area at the top of its stack frame to hold the arguments it supplies to other subroutines it calls. This area is sometimes termed the outgoing arguments area or callout area. Under this approach, the size of the area is calculated by the compiler to be the largest needed by any called subroutine.

Call site processing
Usually the call stack manipulation needed at the site of a call to a subroutine is minimal (which is good since there can be many call sites for each subroutine to be called). The values for the actual arguments are evaluated at the call site, since they are specific to the particular call, and either pushed onto the stack or placed into registers, as determined by the used calling convention. The actual call instruction, such as "branch and link", is then typically executed to transfer control to the code of the target subroutine.

Subroutine entry processing
In the called subroutine, the first code executed is usually termed the subroutine prologue, since it does the necessary housekeeping before the code for the statements of the routine is begun.

For instruction set architectures in which the instruction used to call a subroutine puts the return address into a register, rather than pushing it onto the stack, the prologue will commonly save the return address by pushing the value onto the call stack, although if the called subroutine does not call any other routines it may leave the value in the register. Similarly, the current stack pointer and/or frame pointer values may be pushed.

If frame pointers are being used, the prologue will typically set the new value of the frame pointer register from the stack pointer. Space on the stack for local variables can then be allocated by incrementally changing the stack pointer.

The Forth programming language allows explicit winding of the call stack (called there the "return stack").

Return processing
When a subroutine is ready to return, it executes an epilogue that undoes the steps of the prologue. This will typically restore saved register values (such as the frame pointer value) from the stack frame, pop the entire stack frame off the stack by changing the stack pointer value, and finally branch to the instruction at the return address. Under many calling conventions, the items popped off the stack by the epilogue include the original argument values, in which case there usually are no further stack manipulations that need to be done by the caller. With some calling conventions, however, it is the caller's responsibility to remove the arguments from the stack after the return.

Unwinding
Returning from the called function will pop the top frame off the stack, perhaps leaving a return value. The more general act of popping one or more frames off the stack to resume execution elsewhere in the program is called stack unwinding and must be performed when non-local control structures are used, such as those used for exception handling. In this case, the stack frame of a function contains one or more entries specifying exception handlers. When an exception is thrown, the stack is unwound until a handler is found that is prepared to handle (catch) the type of the thrown exception.

Some languages have other control structures that require general unwinding. Pascal allows a global goto statement to transfer control out of a nested function and into a previously invoked outer function. This operation requires the stack to be unwound, removing as many stack frames as necessary to restore the proper context to transfer control to the target statement within the enclosing outer function. Similarly, C has the  and   functions that act as non-local gotos. Common Lisp allows control of what happens when the stack is unwound by using the  special operator.

When applying a continuation, the stack is (logically) unwound and then rewound with the stack of the continuation. This is not the only way to implement continuations; for example, using multiple, explicit stacks, application of a continuation can simply activate its stack and wind a value to be passed. The Scheme programming language allows arbitrary thunks to be executed in specified points on "unwinding" or "rewinding" of the control stack when a continuation is invoked.

Inspection
The call stack can sometimes be inspected as the program is running. Depending on how the program is written and compiled, the information on the stack can be used to determine intermediate values and function call traces. This has been used to generate fine-grained automated tests, and in cases like Ruby and Smalltalk, to implement first-class continuations. As an example, the GNU Debugger (GDB) implements interactive inspection of the call stack of a running, but paused, C program.

Taking regular-time samples of the call stack can be useful in profiling the performance of programs as, if a subroutine's address appears in the call stack sampling data many times, it is likely to act as a code bottleneck and should be inspected for performance problems.

Security
In a language with free pointers or non-checked array writes (such as in C), the mixing of control flow data which affects the execution of code (the return addresses or the saved frame pointers) and simple program data (parameters or return values) in a call stack is a security risk, and is possibly exploitable through stack buffer overflows, which are the most common type of buffer overflow.

One such attack involves filling one buffer with arbitrary executable code, and then overflowing this or some other buffer to overwrite some return address with a value that points directly to the executable code. As a result, when the function returns, the computer executes that code. This kind of an attack can be blocked with W^X, but similar attacks can succeed even with W^X protection enabled, including the return-to-libc attack or the attacks coming from return-oriented programming. Various mitigations have been proposed, such as storing arrays in a completely separate location from the return stack, as is the case in the Forth programming language.

title: Call stack


text: Category:Transport in Yorkshire

title: Category:Transport in Yorkshire


text:
User talk:Ahasuerus

Russian liberalism
Dear colleague, I want to thank you for your nice articles on Russian personalities. You are interested in Russian liberalism, as far as I can see. I started articles on Kavelin, Chicherin, Milyukov, Mirsky, etc but many of these still need sections on their views. What is even more disconcerting, we still don't have the article on Pyotr Struve. --Ghirlandajo 23:51, 26 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Mea culpa, Struve sits at Peter Berngardovich Struve. --Ghirlandajo 00:36, 27 November 2005 (UTC)
 * [[Image:Tournesol.png|left|75px|Thanks. WikiThanks.]] Ahasuerus, let me compliment you for your work on Pyotr Struve. The article is much nicer now, thanks. I believe your competence and editing style are true assets to this project which frequenly suffers from unrestrained nationalism and lack of critical judgment.--Ghirlandajo 21:27, 29 November 2005 (UTC)

Congress of Berlin
Hi, can you take a look at this article? It is poorly written and definitely needs an expertise of a NPOV editor. Not so much knowledge as a NPOV editing. TIA, Ghirlandajo 16:15, 15 December 2005 (UTC)

 * The article as it exists now is rather poorly organized, has random PoV insertions and is missing a number of key facts. I'll add it to my hit list, thanks! :) Ahasuerus 18:50, 15 December 2005 (UTC)

Leon Trotsky

For your excellent work on that article, say cheers to Andrew Levine for his honesty! Thanks again, Wikipedia needs mor elike you! ε γκυκλοπ  αίδεια  *  19:16, 6 January 2006 (UTC)

Russian Revolution is a disambiguation page
Russian Revolution is a disambiguation page. Dab pages have their own style guideline, which includes not using excessive wikilinks, and keeping descriptions to a minimum. I have reverted your edit to Russian Revolution.--Commander Keane 22:55, 9 January 2006 (UTC)

Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Alex Bakharev
Take a look. It seems there that the raging russophobia of some is the only reason of the attempts to derail the candidacy of one of the most worthy people for the job. His unquestionably high ethics and decensy are so clear even from how he handles the criticism and shameless attacks at his own RfAdm even for those who don't know him from his contributions to Wikipedia! --Irpen 20:09, 10 January 2006 (UTC)

Leonid Krasin
A new article which may benefit from your attention :) --Ghirla | talk 08:21, 17 January 2006 (UTC)

Response
I believe WP:DYK has its merits. As my command of English is limited, DYKing a page attracts scores of native speakers who proofread the article. In other cases, the result may be beneficial too. --Ghirla -трёп- 10:11, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

Great job!
Hi there, Ahasuerus! Thanx for expanding my stubs on Shepilov and Bryukhanov! We still have lots of Soviet politicians missing from Wikipedia, so there's still stuff to do :). Keep up the good work! KNewman 07:21, 23 March 2006 (UTC)

Re V. Volodarsky

 * ''Fake "initials" which didn't stand for anything weren't uncommon among Russian revolutionaries. Many of them used literally dozens of pennames and pseudonyms during their lifetimes, so it wasn't a big deal. Cf. "N. Lenin" or "L. Martov". Ahasuerus 02:23, 6 April 2006 (UTC)

Thanks for the confirmation, Ahasuerus; I'll add a sentence/clause near the beginning of the article mentioning this for the sake of folk like myself who weren't sure. Regards, David Kernow 16:47, 6 April 2006 (UTC)

Re Kerensky etc

 * ''Good job rewriting the Kerensky/Nikiforova/etc articles :) I took another shot at Kerensky, but it still needs a lot of work, especially the section re: 1917. Ahasuerus 05:02, 8 April 2006 (UTC)

Thanks for your encouragement, Ahasuerus; I agree that Kerensky and many of the other Russian Revolution articles need attention. I've added a few to my to-do-if-I-ever-reach-it list (e.g. Israel Helphand, Nestor Makhno) but I'm aware at the same time that my knowledge is limited and probably too one-dimensional. If we can prompt any other folk watching these pages, however, that would be a result. Best wishes, David 17:41, 8 April 2006 (UTC)

NPOV language in article names
Totally agree with your post. Please see here for more. --Irpen 19:09, 13 April 2006 (UTC)

Andrew Scott Waugh

 * FYI, Waugh published at least one book in 1861. The Library of Congress lists it as: Instructions for topographical surveying'', Roorkee, Printed at the Thomason college press, 1861, 1 p.l., 106 p. illus., 2 pl., diagrs. (2 fold.) 25 cm. Ahasuerus 13:47, 13 April 2006 (UTC)

I've added this to the bibliography. Thanks for unearthing it! Regards, David Kernow 13:04, 15 April 2006 (UTC)

Thanks for response
If you dig up the collier article, let me know. I cringed when I saw the new message alert, with me it is often bad news, but I am glad it was a message from you.Travb 04:29, 18 April 2006 (UTC)

Article is up for deletion
I would like your comments: Categories_for_deletion Please add Colliers magazine at your leisure, since I have my hands full with this vote for deletion right now.Travb 05:02, 18 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Please dont ignore this. I need some help here.Travb 01:03, 19 April 2006 (UTC)

 * thanks, I am taking of everyone before World War 2, to make the article more concise, and less likely for deletion, I think some hard core reaganites got mad at my comments.Travb

Alexander Guchkov
I know that you are busy but... Can you believe it, WP still has no article about this guy. Just in case you might wish to eliminate this red link. --Ghirla -трёп- 15:47, 19 April 2006 (UTC)

Yedinstvo
Nice work, I really didn't know much at all about this. --Horses In The Sky 22:31, 20 April 2006 (UTC)

Jack Vance
There's a storm in a teacup in progress over here about Vance and the VIE, etc. We may have to expect some blanking and vandalism. Peter1968 15:39, 27 April 2006 (UTC)

Allow me
Joining and congratulating you with the award! Please stay around! --Irpen 19:12, 8 May 2006 (UTC)

Rotsler
Thanks for the help, ol' rasseffer that you are. I don't remember what prompted me to start the article, but I wanted to do it right for such a great guy (if that's not a PoV violation).Orange Mike 17:39, 12 October 2006 (UTC)

Another suggestion
Here's what looks like another addition to your lengthy to-do list. When revising the new entry on Marina Semenova, I noticed that WP lacks article about her husband, Lev Karakhan, although even much shorter Britannica has separate entry about Karakhan Manifesto. -- Ghirla -трёп-  12:56, 12 May 2006 (UTC)

A. A. Wyn article
Thanks for creating this! I've been meaning to get to it but keep finding more to do on the Ace Books article. I do have a small amount of extra detail from an obit Wollheim wrote in Nebula Award Stories 4, and from a website; I'll update it when I can. Thanks! Mike Christie 01:44, 14 May 2006 (UTC)

Ace Books
Hi -- re the over-linking; I didn't realize that was the style to use. I'll go through and cut some links out. I'll leave in the first link, plus I'd think it would be worth leaving in a link that's the first link in a section where that name hasn't been mentioned in the previous section. Does the stricture apply only to names? Or should "science fiction" be linked only once or twice in the article? Thanks for the feedback, by the way. Mike Christie 02:31, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

Speculative Fiction Portal
Hi! Haven't a clue what a Portal is, but I stumbled over yours resurrecting WikiProject Fictional series for, well, alternate history, which means we're clones separated at birth, fellow travelers on a star ship, or someone with similar interests. Can use some help getting the word out. Left notices at WPP:NovelsTalk and WPP:BooksTalk, and I don't know exactly how those relate to your 'Portal', but the boilerplate message is User:Fabartus/spam (User:Fabartus/spam), which I obviously 'subst:'ed' on the talks. If you can browse around 1632 series, t'would welcome some thoughts. Things aren't too well integrated right now, but at least things look presentable and make a stab at informing the customer! Gotta get to RL. // Fra nkB 22:14, 9 July 2006 (UTC)
 * In less than a minute I'll be saving a repsonse to you on my Talk. Fra nkB 18:28, 11 July 2006 (UTC)

Leon Trotsky's uncle...
...doesn't need a citation, it just needed removing. See who inserted it and what that person did just before. It appears to have been Lev Hartmann indeed, see. Lupo 09:01, 12 October 2006 (UTC)

 * The footnote at Propaganda of the deed already is there :-) But that article could use a ton of additional footnotes for all the other assassination attempts mentioned. Lupo 07:40, 13 October 2006 (UTC)

ISFDB
Thanks for that, that's a really nice little package to find on return from Christmas break. —Phil | Talk 09:56, 27 December 2006 (UTC)

AfD nomination of Nina Nevelson
I have nominated Nina Nevelson, an article you created, for deletion. I do not feel that this article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and have explained why at Articles for deletion/Nina Nevelson. Your opinions on the matter are welcome at that same discussion page; also, you are welcome to edit the article to address these concerns. Thank you for your time. TRAVELLINGCARI My storyTell me yours 03:24, 2 April 2008 (UTC)

You are now a Reviewer
Hello. Your account has been granted the "reviewer" userright, allowing you to review other users' edits on certain flagged pages. Pending changes, also known as flagged protection, is currently undergoing a two-month trial scheduled to end 15 August 2010.

Reviewers can review edits made by users who are not autoconfirmed to articles placed under pending changes. Pending changes is applied to only a small number of articles, similarly to how semi-protection is applied but in a more controlled way for the trial. The list of articles with pending changes awaiting review is located at Special:OldReviewedPages.

When reviewing, edits should be accepted if they are not obvious vandalism or BLP violations, and not clearly problematic in light of the reason given for protection (see Reviewing process). More detailed documentation and guidelines can be found here.

If you do not want this userright, you may ask any administrator to remove it for you at any time. Courcelles (talk) 02:31, 18 June 2010 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Norman Edwards

The article Norman Edwards has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * no substantial content for 6 years, unreferenced, should be a sidenote on the authors' pages at most

While all contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Closedmouth (talk) 16:17, 31 January 2012 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:59, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ahasuerus


text: Category:Transport in West Yorkshire

title: Category:Transport in West Yorkshire


text:
Vincent Wilkie

Vincent Wilkie (born 1969) is a German electronic singer-songwriter and webdesigner of British descent.

In the period between 1995 and 2000, Wilkie mainly released as "lotte ohm." (not to be confused with the German actress by the same name). This included several albums, singles, remixes and collaborations with various members of Germany's electronic and hip hop scene. He also appeared as "The Dope Fiend" and as a member of zany dada-electro duo "Pieter Bohlen & Dieter Maffay", together with Gautsch (aka DJ Malente). In 1996, he produced Empty Chairs by Colin Wilkie, his father.

Wilkie's biggest hit was "Hinter Diesen Mauern" in 1999, a collaboration with ex-Fischmob rapper Sven Mikolajewicz as "Sven Franzisko". The single, released as the "official soundtrack single" of computer game Dungeon Keeper 2 entered the German single charts within a week of release and remained there for eleven weeks, peaking at no. 32.

In 2006, Wilkie resurfaced as "Instant Wilkie", releasing an album called Big in Japan.

Discography
As "Vincent Wilkie & The Unexpected":
 * 1994 A Pocketful of Truth (CD, Rude Boy Records)

Als "lotte ohm.":
 * 1996 Die Liebe in den Zeiten des Rinderwahns (EP, Disko Grönland)
 * 1997 Letzte Tanke vor Babylon (LP/CD, Disko Grönland)
 * 1997 Wenn sie wirklich will (EP, WEA)
 * 1998 Lotte Ohm. (LP, Disko Grönland)
 * 1998 Das Ohmsche Gesetz (LP/CD, WEA)
 * 1998 Besserwisser (EP, WEA)
 * 1998 Besserwisser-Remixes (EP, WEA)
 * 2000 17 Grad (CD, WEA)
 * 2000 Wege zur Glückseligkeit (EP, WEA)
 * 2000 Die Abenteuer des Gustav Gans (EP, WEA)

As "The Dope Fiend":
 * 1998 Slack Bobs Are Delicious (LP/CD, WEA)

As "Sven Franzisko":
 * 1999 Hinter diesen Mauern (EP with Sven Mikolajewicz, WEA)

As "Pieter Bohlen & Dieter Maffay":
 * 2000 Gehirn Amputiert (CD, Plattenmeister)

As "Instant Wilkie":
 * 2006 Big In Japan (Online album, lichterkettenraucher.)
 * 2007 Big In Japan Remixes (Online album, lichterkettenraucher.)
 * 2008 A Robot In Your Headlights (Online album, lichterkettenraucher.)

title: Vincent Wilkie