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The Rolling Stones (album)

The Rolling Stones is the debut studio album by the English rock band the Rolling Stones, released by Decca Records in the UK on 17 April 1964. The American edition of the LP, with a slightly different track list, came out on London Records on 29 May 1964, subtitled England's Newest Hit Makers, which later became its official title.

Recording
Recorded at Regent Sound Studios in London over the course of five days in January and February 1964, The Rolling Stones was produced by then-managers Andrew Loog Oldham and Eric Easton. The album was originally released by Decca Records in the UK, while the US version appeared on the London Records label.

The majority of the tracks reflect the band's love for R&B. Mick Jagger and Keith Richards (whose professional name until 1978 omitted the "s" in his surname) were fledgling songwriters during early 1964, contributing only one original composition to the album: "Tell Me (You're Coming Back)". Two songs are credited to "Nanker Phelge" – a pseudonym the band used for group compositions from 1963 to 1965. Phil Spector and Gene Pitney both contributed to the recording sessions, and are referred to as "Uncle Phil and Uncle Gene" in the subtitle of the Phelge instrumental "Now I've Got a Witness".

Release
First pressings of the album, with matrix numbers ending in 1A, 2A, 1B, and 2B, have a 2:52 version of "Tell Me (You're Coming Back)", which was pressed from the wrong master tape. Subsequent pressings include the 4:06 version. Early labels and covers also have misprints with the fourth track on side 1 listed as "Mona", which was later changed to "I Need You Baby", the subtitle of "Now I've Got a Witness" written "Like Uncle Gene and Uncle Phil", the word 'If' omitted from "You Can Make It If You Try", and 'Dozier' spelt 'Bozier'. "Route 66" is listed as "(Get Your Kicks On) Route 66" on some versions of the album, and some later versions of the album have "I Need You Baby" listed as "Mona (I Need You Baby)" and the subtitles of "Now I've Got a Witness" and "Tell Me (You're Coming Back)" removed entirely.

The album cover photo was taken by Nicholas Wright. The cover bears no title or identifying information other than the photo and the Decca logo – an "unheard of" design concept originated by manager Andrew Oldham.

Upon its release, The Rolling Stones became one of 1964's biggest sellers in the UK, staying at No. 1 for twelve weeks.

The original British version of the album was released on compact disc in 1984, but became out-of-print on CD for many years afterwards. In November 2010, it was made available as part of a limited edition vinyl box set titled The Rolling Stones 1964–1969, and by itself digitally at the same time. The original title was also reinstated as part of The Rolling Stones in Mono CD box set, released on 30 September 2016. The album was only released in mono in both the UK and US; no true stereo mix was ever made.

The US version of the album, originally self-titled but later officially called England's Newest Hit Makers, was the band's debut US album and was released by London Records on 29 May 1964, a month and a half after the British version. The track "Not Fade Away" (the A-side of the band's third UK single) replaced "I Need You Baby", and the titles of the tracks "Now I've Got a Witness (Like Uncle Phil and Uncle Gene)" and "Tell Me (You're Coming Back)" were shortened to "Now I've Got a Witness" and "Tell Me" on most versions of the American release. Upon its release, The Rolling Stones reached No. 11 in the US, going gold in the process. To date, this is the Rolling Stones' only American studio album that has failed to place in the top five on the Billboard album charts. In August 2002, the album, by now officially called England's Newest Hit Makers, was reissued as a new remastered CD and SACD Digipak by ABKCO.

Critical reception
The album was included in Robert Dimery's 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die (2010). Sean Egan of BBC Music wrote of the record in 2012: "It's a testament to the group's brilliance that the result was still the best album to emerge from the early 1960s British blues boom … the ensemble lovingly deliver some of their favourite shots of rhythm 'n' blues." It was voted number 418 in Colin Larkin's All Time Top 1000 Albums.

Personnel
According to authors Philippe Margotin and Jean-Michel Guesdon, except where noted:

The Rolling Stones
 * Mick Jagger – vocals, handclaps, tambourine; harmonica ("Honest I Do", "Little by Little" and "I'm a King Bee"), maracas ("Not Fade Away", "Mona")
 * Keith Richards – backing vocals, lead and rhythm (6- and 12-string) guitars
 * Brian Jones – backing vocals, rhythm guitar; lead guitar ("I'm a King Bee"); slide guitar ("Walking the Dog"); harmonica ("Not Fade Away", "I Just Want to Make Love to You" and "Now I've Got a Witness"); tambourine ("Tell Me" and "Can I Get a Witness"); whistling ("Walking the Dog")
 * Bill Wyman – backing vocals, bass, handclaps
 * Charlie Watts – drums, handclaps
 * Unidentified musician (played by the Rolling Stones) – tambourine ("Mona" and "Little by Little")

Additional musicians
 * Gene Pitney – piano ("Little by Little")
 * Phil Spector – percussion, maracas ("Little by Little")
 * Ian Stewart – organ ("Now I've Got a Witness" and "You Can Make It If You Try"); piano ("Tell Me" and "Can I Get a Witness")

Production and additional personnel
 * Andrew Loog Oldham – producer
 * Bill Farley – engineer
 * Nicholas Wright – photography

title: The Rolling Stones (album)


text:
Talk:The Rolling Stones (album)

Untitled
In 1964 it was not that unusual for a rock band to do an album with only one song written by the band itself. There were quite a few well known bands of the era who did not even have one song written by the band members, given that the seven inch 45 single was far more important in rock than the album.

The Rolling Stones Album Cover
I may found the original album cover for UK version of album The Rolling Stones. If you want it, contact me: fumfera_jaromir@seznam.cz

Shouldn't this be merged?
With this http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England%27s_Newest_Hit_Makers? -Tubeyes (talk) 20:24, 10 May 2011 (UTC)
 * Merge. It is mostly the same text anyway.  I believe that other bands on wikipedia who have British & American versions of their albums typically include both in one article.  Einar aka Carptrash (talk) 18:38, 1 August 2011 (UTC)

Honest I Do
Just a general question -- it shows that the UK release of 'Honest I Do' is more than a minute shorter than the version on the American release. Does anyone have any information about this? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 204.155.60.78 (talk) 19:45, 20 September 2012 (UTC)

Why are the EP songs here?
I am curious as to why the 4 songs from the Rolling Stones EP are listed in this article under "Other songs". These were recorded at an earlier session from the album, and the EP was released earlier. I am not aware of and am unable to find a release of the album that includes these songs. Even if this is legitimate the article should reflect why these tracks are listed here - bonus tracks on a particular version, part of a combined release, etc. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Timbob58 (talk • contribs) 14:27, 6 December 2015 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 08:22, 30 April 2016 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:The Rolling Stones (album)


text: File:Lost in space movie poster.jpg

title: File:Lost in space movie poster.jpg


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High Spirits with Shirley Ghostman

High Spirits with Shirley Ghostman is a British television comedy show broadcast on BBC Three and featuring character comedian Marc Wootton who plays an effete and slightly vicious medium/psychic. It is narrated by Patrick Stewart, with animated sequences by Rex Crowle produced by onedotzero.

The character of Shirley Ghostman is sometimes considered to be a parody of the act of controversial psychic, Derek Acorah and contains actual satirical references to the television show 6ixth Sense with Colin Fry in Shirley's opening speech to the audience.

The show was very successful on BBC Three and was set to move to BBC Two in the summer of 2005.

Programme's demise
The BBC shelved the series after Wootton (as Ghostman) appeared on Friday Night with Jonathan Ross on BBC1. During the show, which also featured Nicole Kidman and David Schwimmer as guests, he made a number of jokes referencing 'Jews, cancer patients and Hitler'.

The resulting controversy resulted in the BBC being forced to apologise to viewers, after receiving 350 complaints.

The series is still shown in the United States by BBC America. The DVD was released 3 July 2006.

The character of Shirley Ghostman returned to BBC Three in Wootton's new series La La Land in April 2010.

title: High Spirits with Shirley Ghostman


text:
Looking for Richard

Looking for Richard is a 1996 American documentary film directed by Al Pacino, in his directorial debut. It is a hybrid film, including both a filmed performance of selected scenes of William Shakespeare's Richard III and a documentary element which explores a broader examination of Shakespeare's continuing role and relevance in popular culture. The film was featured at the Sundance Film Festival in January 1996 and it was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1996 Cannes Film Festival. Al Pacino won the Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing – Documentaries.

Description
Pacino plays both himself and the title character, Richard III. The film guides the audience through the play's plot and historical background. Pacino and several fellow actors, including Penelope Allen and Harris Yulin, act out scenes from the play.

In addition, the actors comment on their roles. Pacino also features other actors famous for performing Shakespeare, such as Vanessa Redgrave, Kenneth Branagh, John Gielgud, Derek Jacobi, James Earl Jones, and Kevin Kline. Pacino includes interviews with Shakespeare scholars such as Barbara Everett, as well as ordinary people on the street.

Cast

 * Al Pacino as Richard III
 * Penelope Allen as Queen Elizabeth
 * Harris Yulin as King Edward
 * Kevin Spacey as Buckingham
 * Winona Ryder as Lady Anne
 * Madison Arnold as Rivers
 * Vincent Angell as Grey
 * Gordon MacDonald as Dorset
 * Kevin Conway as Lord Hastings
 * Julie Moret as Mistress Shore
 * Estelle Parsons as Queen Margaret
 * Alec Baldwin as Clarence
 * Aidan Quinn as Richmond
 * Bruce MacVittie 1st Murderer
 * Paul Guilfoyle 2nd Murderer

Reception
The film received positive reviews from critics.

title: Looking for Richard


text:
Category:Rivers of Mexico

The rivers of Mexico.

Rivers directly in this category do not have the information necessary to place them in a sub-category of Category:Rivers of Mexico by state.

title: Category:Rivers of Mexico


text:
Albert Cardozo

Albert Jacob Cardozo (December 21, 1828 – November 8, 1885) was an American attorney and jurist in New York City. He is best known for his association with the nefarious Tammany Hall organization led by Boss Tweed.

Early background
Albert Jacob Cardozo was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, as the son of Ellen Hart and Michael H. Cardozo, Sephardic Jews of the Portuguese Jewish community. Sephardi Jews immigrated to the colonies in the 17th and 18th centuries from London. The family returned to New York, where Albert Cardozo went to school and read the law; he passed the bar and began practicing law in New York in 1849.

Family
He married Rebecca Washington (née Nathan). Her parents, Sara Seixas and Isaac Mendes Seixas Nathan, were also Sephardic Jews in New York City. Among their children was a daughter Nell and fraternal twins, Benjamin (future U.S. Supreme Court justice) and Emily, 11 years younger. After Rebecca died when the twins were young, Nell had a key role in rearing them.

Career
Cardozo became a justice in 1864 of the Supreme Court of New York, that state's trial court. By 1866, Cardozo was working on behalf of Tammany Hall's William M. Tweed ring. Without seeing the applicants, many of whom had questionable citizenship, Cardozo granted naturalization papers for up to 800 persons per day.

He was implicated in a Tammany Hall judicial corruption scandal that was sparked by the Erie Railway takeover wars in 1868. The scandal led to the creation of the Association of the Bar of the City of New York, and to Cardozo's resignation from the bench in 1872. Cardozo was also responsible for allowing Jay Gould of the Erie Railroad to escape most of the debt Gould accumulated while trying to corner the gold market in 1869. Cardozo did this as a favor for William M. Tweed.

Albert Cardozo served as vice president and trustee of Congregation Shearith Israel in New York City; both his and his wife's family had belonged to the congregation, established in the 17th century.

Cardozo resumed the practice of law until his death.

Death
He died in New York City on November 8, 1885.

title: Albert Cardozo


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Payroll tax

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 00:16, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Payroll tax
Payroll tax and Tax withholding in the United States describe the same thing. They each contain information not contained in the other, however, so they should be merged. Alue 22:22, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * keep. No they are not. They speak about very different things, only both articles are poor. Mikkalai 23:01, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * sofixit --Carnildo 22:58, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. There are 16 articles linking to Payroll tax so it only makes sense to keep it.  And Tax withholding is quite another matter (even apart from the "in the US" issue), so I don't see a merge working.  Fix. -- Mwanner 00:14, Apr 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep both, and separate. Please only vfd things you actually want to be deleted. —Korath (Talk) 01:32, Apr 16, 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Talk:Swami Sri Yukteswar Giri

Kaivalya Darshanam was written around 1900 and not 1895.
 * It was written in 1894. The introduction of the 1949 Indian edition ends with "Swami Sriyukteswar Giri; Serampore, Bengal; The 26th Falgun, 194 Dwapara. (A.D. 1894). Priyanath 17:04, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

"Double Star" theory
I have removed the incongruous reference to the Binary System Institute as there is no source provided for Sri Yukteswar Giri supporting the theory that the Sun has a companion star. Pilatus 17:14, 25 September 2005 (UTC)

I see that it was reverted but I'll leave that since I haven't read the book. I did remove the "more and more" western scientists part and that it offers "better proof", since neither can be qualified/quantified. --Censorwolf 20:34, 29 December 2005 (UTC)

 * I added the quote from The Holy Science, where Sri Yukteswar says that the sun takes a ‘star for its dual’, and revolves around that star in about 24,000 years. Is this the same as a 'binary star' for our sun? I'm not an astronomer. Maybe there are other possible explanations for a 'star for its dual'? Priyanath 17:07, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Not that it really matters, but in dual star systems the stars revolve around their centre of gravity. Only if one star is far more massive that the other, the smaller star could be said to revolve around the larger. Of course if you take a relative view, the other star rotates around the star that you stand on (in the same way that the planets revolve around the Earth). --Simon D M (talk) 19:21, 21 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Thanks - I just noticed that Binary Star is a Featured Article, with some wonderful diagrams and descriptions of what you describe. And thanks for re-adding that missing section on Sri Yukteswar's revolutionary activities. It adds an interesting sidelight on Indian independence and his active involvement. ~ priyanath talk 00:14, 22 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Well, let us assume that astronomers have YET to find a dual star (or binary star) for our sun. However, if the findings proves to be negative, is it possible that Sri Yukteswar Giri had made a mistake? That idea is a disturbing one as it is like saying sometimes Jesus Christ had errors in his teachings! Or could it be that Sri Yukteswar was refering to an astral star? Only time may tell.... -- S iva1979 Talk to me  02:49, 25 April 2006 (UTC)

 * See, that's why I changed the passage to NOT state that Sri Yukteswar was claiming a "binary star" for our sun. It's possible he meant something else, and modern scientists are trying to shoehorn "binary star" in there. It could have been astral, it could have been a point in space, it could have been a dual that's not a "binary star" but something else. He was so right on other points that hadn't been proven at the time (the idea of the galactic center being in Sagittarius, for example), that I'm surely giving him the benefit of the doubt. But the fact that scientists have looked for a "binary star" and not found one after all these years implies that maybe Sri Yukteswar meant something else by the word 'dual'. ॐ Priyanath 00:07, 27 April 2006 (UTC)

The Dual Star Theory of Yukteswar which SRF has adopted is an enigma not easily decipherable. Equally obscure is the associated assertion of a grand center called Vishnunabhi. If the Dual Star and Vishnunabhi are on the astral plane and our sun is on the physical plane science will not find the answer to these phenomena in the current yuga (to stick with vedic terminology). By the way, nowhere in the "Holy Science" does Yukteswar claim that the center of the Milky Way is in Sagittarius.Walter Elyon 22:45, 28 August 2008 (UTC)

"A Revolutionary Interlude" -- Suggested Internal Link
Hi, first time contributor (so I apologize up front if I'm out of line here). Under the heading "A Revolutionary Interlude" there is a reference in the third paragraph to "Arabinda Ghose." This is an alternate spelling of Aurobindo Ghose, who already has his own Wikipedia entry under the title "Sri Aurobindo." I suggest that the two pages be linked. 68.101.136.225 (talk) 04:46, 12 October 2009 (UTC)

Double sun theory
As far as I know "our" sun is moving around the socalled black sun. But I cannot give any proof for that, only my memory. Austerlitz 88.72.11.196 16:53, 3 December 2006 (UTC)

Paramhansa vs. Paramahansa
User: Red Rose 13, someone systematically changing 'Paramahansa' to 'Paramhansa' on this page or any other is not vandalism and you should not be using that word to describe the recent edit of that nature. This is a good-faith edit even if you don't agree with it. You throw that word out carelessly like yelling 'fire' in a movie theater. Jack B108 (talk) 23:22, 9 May 2013 (UTC)

 * User: Jack B108 - Fyi...please see this edit summary by Yworo who was reverting exactly the same thing on Paramahansa Yogananda page- (cur | prev) 06:54, 28 November 2012 Yworo (talk | contribs) . . (37,994 bytes) (+35) . . (Undid revision 525341775 by 85.159.196.21 (talk) vandalism to subject's name) Please notice that it is even the same editor back in Nov 2012.Red Rose 13 (talk) 01:09, 10 May 2013 (UTC)

Astronomical charts
Modern astronomy knows, today, that more than 90% of the solar systems studied so far, are composed of 2 or more stars, that revolve around each other. It is also stated by modern astronomers that, while other stars move in the sky, Sirius is the only one that remains stoped. All astronomical charts of ancient civilizations point to the star Sirius as being our binary. In different civilizations, they all refer to sirius with a name related to the animal "dog", for they undestood it as our "faithful companion" - while other stars follow their rout in the sky, Sirius remains with us, aproximating and departing every 12.000 years. Also, modern astronomy undestands "red" stars as aproaching stars, while "blue" stars as departing stars. All ancient astronomical charts, from Mexico, Egypt, India and China, refered to Sirius as a red star until the year 500 b.C, and as a blue star after that, and in this sense, they state exactly the same stated by Swami Sri Yukteswarji, that the farthest point of our sister star, was in the year 500 b.C, the highest point of Kali Yuga, or the lowest point in the hability of humanity to grasp finer and subtler forces, and after that, we entered the 12.000 years asceding fase of the yugas. The information concerning modern astronomy can be found at USC and UCLA.

Indic script
as per INDICSCRIPT do not revert Shrikanthv (talk) 11:14, 26 June 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Swami Sri Yukteswar Giri


text:
Talk:Paramahansa Yogananda

Did he have a father?
Who was his father? 115.96.217.147 (talk) 15:28, 6 July 2022 (UTC)

 * Yes it is stated in the second paragraph under Youth and Discipleship. "He was the fourth of the eight children, and second of the four sons, of Bhagabati Charan Ghosh, the Vice President of Bengal-Nagpur Railway,"Red Rose 13 (talk) 20:22, 6 July 2022 (UTC)

SRF/ YSS negativ promotion
In some places of the articles, one has the impression that it was only written by SRF supporters. Eg the deaths or exaggerated SRF teaching on every corner. Especially from the author Red Rose 13 and his colleagues I have known for a few years, I have the impression that they undermine the Wikipedia rules. You have the feeling that they come to heaven when they convert others. Regulars also come to Eidtwars. For example, current on YSS links that have nothing to do with article except to direct them to you. Riquix (talk) 06:53, 11 December 2022 (UTC)
 * First of all I agree with you removing that link in External Links. It is unnecessary there and redundant. Not sure who put it there. Second, calling that link "negative promotion" makes no sense. It is used in the article to clarify... nothing is negative. Third, accusing fellow editors is against Wikipedia guidelines. We are told to focus on the issue at hand.Red Rose 13 (talk) 15:57, 11 December 2022 (UTC)

 * Red Rose 13 you inserted the link first. Then you deleted him again at least once. And your colleague Azure Dave also reversed him, the link. In the article "Autobiography of a Yogi" you restored a similar link a few days ago. Therefore, I cannot understand your statement that I would accuse you unfounded and that you don't know anything about the link.--Riquix (talk) 10:20, 21 December 2022 (UTC)

 * There is confusion in your statement. (1) DIFFERENT SECTION - this is line 246 and from 2012 - 10 years ago and this section doesn't seem to exist anymore, (2) I updated the website link and you reverted it back to an old link that doesn't work anymore(3) the editor Azure reverted your reverting error. In the AY page you took out the link and I could see it was already in the article and it was not needed there any more so I let your revert stand. And still your accusations are unfounded. On Wikipedia we try to work in harmony and for what is best for Wikipedia. Red Rose 13 (talk) 19:14, 21 December 2022 (UTC)

 * Please make your statements with a link, I did that. If you look at the history, then you can see it. I think harmony is for you who you can make negative advertising. There was already discussion with you where you meant Yogananda the cause of death was Mahasamadhi . Or yogananda way is no hinduism . Where you made editwars in other articles and long same discussion. --Riquix (talk) 14:46, 4 January 2023 (UTC)

 * I am at a loss about what you saying. All the links you provided where respectful discussions and were resolved. I don't have time to provide links. I used you links and answered your concerns. Red Rose 13 (talk) 22:57, 4 January 2023 (UTC)

You write: " (1) DIFFERENT SECTION - this is line 246 and from 2012 - 10 years ago and this section doesn't seem to exist anymore", -> If you look at the versions you have reverted the link again and again. Until now. "(2) I updated the website link and you reverted it back to an old link that doesn't work anymore" ->I always deleted him because he has nothing to do with the article except for negative advertising what you want. "(3) the editor Azure reverted your reverting error." ->They had restored the advertising link. "In the AY page you took out the link and I could see it was already in the article and it was not needed there any more so I let your revert stand." That is not true you restored it with the description "fixed link and formatted". I did not find the other discussion like this respectfully, rather strange to write in a lexicon that was Mahasamadhi cause of death. And that Yoganandas way is not Hinduism for long and repeated discussions, although even the SRF have contradicted you. --Riquix (talk) 05:26, 5 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Your communications are very confusing and all about the past. I cannot continue because I don't understand what you are trying to accomplish. I suggest we stay in the present moment and discuss things as they happen. You are accusing me of something which I have no idea what it is. Red Rose 13 (talk) 22:18, 5 January 2023 (UTC)
 * I have all documented with the link versions. Unfortunately, it was mostly in discussion with you that you wanted to enforce strange things with violence. Apparently you don't understand it anymore. Most of your negative advertising is not long ago. Perhaps you are more concerned with not being responsible for what you do and that you can continue with advertising.--Riquix (talk) 08:53, 15 January 2023 (UTC)
 * are you accusing me of violence and advertising? Lol...First of all none of my communications are violent. Posting a link of Yogananda's organization YSS is not advertising. It is relevant to the article. So if the reader wishes to know more about Yogananda's organizations SRF & YSS, the link is there. It is normal on every Biography to include the subjects organizations or business. Also the link you provided here are correcting the link from the old SRF web page to the new SRF webpage. This was stated in the edit summary. Please define what you mean by negative advertising??Red Rose 13 (talk) 21:49, 16 January 2023 (UTC)
 * We have actually discussed everything several times. The link from PY article went over "The lineage of Gurus with Yogananda" and in autobiography they have no content to it. I find their behaviour strange that you write negative advertising for Yogananda here, but apparently do not want to be responsible for their actions. I will not continue to discuss now. The links that I have given, above in the discussion, are clear.--Riquix (talk) 14:45, 18 January 2023 (UTC)
 * I am an uninvolved experienced editor who has been following this discussion because it is watchlisted. @Riquix, I have to agree with @Red Rose 13 that your critique does not make sense. Firstly, it's imperative that talk page discussions focus on content, and not on contributors. Please refrain from making accusations towards other editors, for example, @Red Rose 13 is participating in negative advertising, negative promotion or exaggeration, as it is not helping to resolve the dispute between the two of you. From my perspective, you are both contributing in good faith, but respectfully, it does not appear that you have the English language competency required to edit en-WP (meaning the ability to read and write English well enough to communicate effectively). If you can clearly and succinctly simply write in a sentence or two what you think the article should say (not how you feel about another editor), then that can be analyzed by others and hopefully a consensus can be reached. For example: This sentence says X, I (meaning you) propose that it be changed to Y. Netherzone (talk) 15:55, 18 January 2023 (UTC)

 * I explained what I meant at least twice at the top. It cannot be unfounded, otherwise she would have to be in articles, which I have removed a few times. Please look at the above links (numbers) in the versions.--Riquix (talk) 16:35, 18 January 2023 (UTC)
 * @Riquix, I read through the discussion twice and looked at all the links. I have no idea what you are trying to say in the second sentence of your message above. In one sentence can you say one thing that you would like changed for example, "Change X to Y" followed by a rationale (reason) that does not insult or comment on another editor. Then we can move on to the next item.
 * @Red Rose 13, do you have an external relationship WP:COI to any of the links or content you have added? Netherzone (talk) 17:11, 18 January 2023 (UTC)
 * No… No one has ever asked me to edit on Wikipedia for them nor have I been employed or paid to edit on Wikipedia. I began editing on Wikipedia back in 2011 on my own initiative. I have a variety of pages (69) on my watchlist which are mostly spiritually oriented. On rare occasions I will contact a source to clarify something.Red Rose 13 (talk) 15:15, 20 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Thank you for answering, @Red Rose 13. What do you think about my proposal to shorten the Goldberg quote in the lead section as a compromise? My suggestion is below, and can be seen in this diff: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3AParamahansa_Yogananda&diff=1134627734&oldid=1134619001 Netherzone (talk) 15:58, 20 January 2023 (UTC)

 * Since the external links have been constantly inserted, which has not to do with the article, I started discussion. The third section and her source in the topic "Death" i think is not really really suitable for a lexicon. Started with "According to the book Divine Interventions:" from the book with the title "Best selling author of Way of the Peaceful Warrior" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramahansa_Yogananda#Death Twice the same statement that no condition of death was determined. I think it is enough for one content from the notarized letter from Harry T. Rowe, the mortuary director.--Riquix (talk) 19:05, 18 January 2023 (UTC)
 * OK, I understand your point. Let's take things one at a time. Starting with the cause of death.
 * I propose: Creating a new subsection under "Death" called "Cause of death". That section that would present both the official medical cause of death, and the other "cause", along with citations for each.
 * This approach is in compliance with Wikipedia's guideline on neutral point of view WP:NPOV and balance. I volunteer to make that edit. How does that sound? Netherzone (talk) 20:31, 18 January 2023 (UTC)
 * I agree with your edit and it neutrally clarifies the issue.Red Rose 13 (talk) 15:38, 20 January 2023 (UTC)
 * I went ahead and made that change. Shall we move on to the next item such as the external link issue? Netherzone (talk) 22:24, 18 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Ok thank you. My mother tongue is not English, so please excuse my spelling. In the first Section of the article "His continued legacy around the world, remaining a leading figure in Western spirituality to the current day, led authors such as Philip Goldberg to consider him "the best known and most beloved of all Indian spiritual teachers who have come to the West....through the strength of his character and his skillful transmission of perennial wisdom, he showed the way for millions to transcend barriers to the liberation of the soul."[15]" In other articles that are more frequented, of which there are also positive things, there is nothing there of this kind in the first Section. Such as kind Gandhi,Obama and Aurobindo.--Riquix (talk) 07:09, 19 January 2023 (UTC)
 * OK, I understand now what you are saying. On English Wikipedia we call that "puffery" or "peacock" language. See this link for more information: WP:PUFFERY. Let me know if this is what you think is the problem that you were calling advertising, promotion or exaggeration. Netherzone (talk) 16:16, 19 January 2023 (UTC)
 * The quotation does check out with the citation, Goldberg did say that. However I understand that similar articles do not contain that type of praise in the lead section. The lead basically already says everything in the quote, so it is redundant to leave it as is. I propose shortening the sentence to something more neutral:
 * He remains a leading figure in Western spirituality to this day; Yogananda's biographer Phillip Goldberg considers him "the best known and most beloved of all Indian spiritual teachers who have come to the West".
 * How does that sound? Netherzone (talk) 17:21, 19 January 2023 (UTC)
 * The only suggestion I would make is this: He remains a leading figure in Western spirituality to this day; A Yogananda biographer Phillip Goldberg, considers him "the best known and most beloved of all Indian spiritual teachers who have come to the West" Goldberg is not the only biographer, I believe.Red Rose 13 (talk) 16:09, 20 January 2023 (UTC)
 * I would certainly let out the quotation in the introduction. Because of the external links, they are outside at the moment and I hope they stay outside. Unfortunately we already had discussions here where even where asked SRF and agreed to take content it out and then it was put back in again. I only took a closer look at the section death and the introduction. I am sure that other things are still there. I also saw some news about Hindu nationalism in India and because of the other things I chose such drastic words. There have also been many time -consuming frustrating disscussions. I would see myself as a PY follower, but I don't like things like that now.--Riquix (talk) 15:03, 20 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Can't you postpone this there if it is relevant? https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Paramahansa_Yogananda#Quotes_about_Yogananda --Riquix (talk) 15:27, 20 January 2023 (UTC)

@Red Rose 13 and @Riquix, I have completed the edit to the quotation at the end of the lead which was puffery and redundant. It seems that progress is being made in coming to a compromise. Thank you both for your patience, and participation. Moving on to the next issue, which seems to be the dispute about some external links. Can each of you explain your position in a single sentence? Netherzone (talk) 17:56, 20 January 2023 (UTC)
 * In reviewing this issue here is what I noticed: (1) There is no External Link section just a See Also section. We should create an External Link section (2) Under See Also, Self-Realization Fellowship and Yogoda Satsanga Society are listed but they are linked to the Wiki page and should be linked to the actual websites. (3) We should change that to say Official Website for both - both organizations are linked together and created by Yogananda. See under Youth and discipleship at the end. (4) to make it easier to navigate this page we need to add table of contents. (5) Using this as a guide Hope this helps. Red Rose 13 (talk) 21:00, 20 January 2023 (UTC)
 * I prefer to discuss things one issue at a time, because our fellow editor, is not a native English speaker, and I think it's courteous to do so. To my mind, keeping each issue separate allows these matters to be resolved more easily and collegially in this case.
 * Issue 1: External links section, you are mistaken. There currently is an External links section and it is placed in the correct location after the references. Scroll to the bottom of the article to view it. Netherzone (talk) 21:41, 20 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Oh you are right! Lol... I didn't scroll down far enough. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Red Rose 13 (talk • contribs)
 * I think we can complete the topic of external link because they are now normal. But please leave it that way.--Riquix (talk) 13:42, 21 January 2023 (UTC)

 * Issue 2: See also section, you are mistaken; items in See also sections should ONLY link to internal Wikipedia articles (or internal sections) not to external websites. Therefore, they should NOT include websites. The WP Manual of style clearly states the following: MOS:SEEALSO. The current See also section is correctly placed and formatted at this time. If something is wikilinked in the article it should not be added to See also, as it duplicates content and creates more redundancy. Netherzone (talk) 21:41, 20 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Thank you for the clarification. I am not the only editor on this page...hopefully they will read this as well. Yes I agree having too many wiki links in the article is not necessary. It seems to me that three of the links in the See Also section were redundant in regards to the page. I somehow assumed they were linked to the website. Thanks for clarifying the differences between See Also and External Links. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Red Rose 13 (talk • contribs)
 * See WP:OVERLINK and WP:LINKCRISIS. Netherzone (talk) 02:18, 21 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Thank you for the links but I don't overlink articles as I have said before, there are many people who have edited this page. Hopefully this discussion will help other editors as well.Red Rose 13 (talk) 04:16, 21 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Now they are normal Wikipedia styl. If there is a need, you can see in the versions history who inserts things. That takes a time but it works.--Riquix (talk) 13:42, 21 January 2023 (UTC)
 * @Red Rose 13, no one is accusing you over overlinking the article, and I did not say you overlinked the article. When reviewing the article, I cleaned up the excessive overlinking as an act of article improvement and noted that in my edit summaries. Netherzone (talk) 15:35, 21 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Thank you for that I edit on many pages and I don't overlink.Red Rose 13 (talk) 16:41, 21 January 2023 (UTC)
 * @Riquix May I make the suggestion to consider the Assume Good Faith guideline when working with other editors instead of accusing them? [WP:GOODFAITH] — Preceding unsigned comment added by Red Rose 13 (talk • contribs)
 * , please sign your comments, as it looks like I wrote the above comment, and I did not. Thank you. Netherzone (talk) 16:51, 21 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Ooops so sorry.Red Rose 13 (talk) 16:58, 21 January 2023 (UTC)
 * @Red Rose 13, from my perspective it does not seem that @Riquix is acting in bad faith at all. It seems quite clear to me that they are a good faith editor who is struggling to find the correct words in English; therefore misunderstandings and frustrations can occur. Perhaps you can try to exercise active listening? Just a friendly suggestion offered in good faith. Netherzone (talk) 17:04, 21 January 2023 (UTC)
 * I agree but I think you might misunderstand. I was requesting that he ASSUME GOOD FAITH regarding other editors. It was my subtle way of asking him to stop being personal with the discussion and assume other editors are doing the best they can. Thanks for the suggestion to listen. I thought I was listening but I didn't understand what he was saying. You were better at figuring out. Red Rose 13 (talk) 17:31, 21 January 2023 (UTC)

 * Issue 3: This is a biographic article on Yogananda, not on his organization. If he had a personal website, that would be appropriate to add as an Official Website to external links. The article on the Self Realization Fellowship (SRF) has the official website linked, and the SRF is properly linked in this article, so all readers have to do is click on the wikilink to go to the SRF article and the link to the website where the offical website is linked in BOTH the infobox and in the External links section. (It is not necessary to have it linked twice, really.) Netherzone (talk) 21:41, 20 January 2023 (UTC)
 * I assume his "personal" website would be the SRF webpage since he created SRF, is no longer alive and the website seems to be all about Yogananda. What do you think? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Red Rose 13 (talk • contribs)
 * I disagree, and believe your assumption is incorrect. If there is not a personal website specifically for him, we should not force the matter by adding an erroneous "Official website" to an organization/institution, even though he founded it. This article is a biographic article. External links should be used with discretion per the Manual of Style. The website is linked on the appropriate article, which is Self Realization Fellowship. Wikipedia is not a link repository or web hosting service. Netherzone (talk) 02:20, 21 January 2023 (UTC)
 * It is ok if we disagree and because you are an admin I have to let go to your view. And of course I know that Wikipedia is not a link repository or a web hosting service! Sarcasm! Like I have said before there are many people who have edited on this page. Red Rose 13 (talk) 04:16, 21 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Yes, according to Wikipedia, that's the case.--Riquix (talk) 13:42, 21 January 2023 (UTC)
 * @Red Rose 13, Not sure I understand what you mean by Sarcasm! BTW, I am not an administrator, I am a volunteer editor who has been watching this article for some time now, and who has been familiar with Yogananda and the Self Realization Center at Lake Shrine since the late 1960s. Even if I were an admin, admins do not act to gain advantage over others, or force their views. In this specific case I am only here on this talk page to help resolve what seems like a long dispute that was moving in an unproductive direction. We are all equals here. Netherzone (talk) 15:45, 21 January 2023 (UTC)
 * @Netherzone Thank you for explaining and I do appreciate your help here. I need to discuss and clarify something because I have given what you wrote some thought. If there was a webpage that was biographical only about a person would that be an official website? How do we determine if that biographical webpage is official or not? And (2) if the subjects organization that he started created a website that has a biographical section in it, why can't that be considered the official webpage for a biography? If you go to yogananda.org click on Paramahansa Yogananda and the choice to go to Biography: A Beloved World Teacher is there. Red Rose 13 (talk) 16:41, 21 January 2023 (UTC)
 * @Red Rose 13, I stand by my comments above. How could it be his official personal website, when he died long before the internet and World Wide Web and personal websites were invented. The content on the Yogananda.org site was written by, filtered through, and interpreted by others, with no oversight by him. We may have to respectfully agree to disagree on this matter. Netherzone (talk) 17:11, 21 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Ok the word his personal website and the person needs to be living, is the key that makes a website official. I agree with your view now. :) Thanks for taking the time. Have a great day!Red Rose 13 (talk) 17:31, 21 January 2023 (UTC)

 * Issue 4: The article DOES have a Table of Contents. It follows the lead section per the Manual of Style. If you are editing on a mobile device, you may see a different format. Also, because the Wikimedia Foundation just changed the default skin from Vector 2010 to Vector 2022, they are still working some bugs out. Netherzone (talk) 21:41, 20 January 2023 (UTC)
 * I am using my PC at home and I don't see the table of contents nor do I see it on other pages. Somehow the bugs are affecting what I see.
 * I found it! It is now formatted to be the left column of the page rather than within the main central part of the page. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Red Rose 13 (talk • contribs)
 * That is the way the new Vector 2022 skin is designed. Netherzone (talk) 02:21, 21 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Well I will need to study this new "skin". Thanks for the link.Red Rose 13 (talk) 04:16, 21 January 2023 (UTC)

 * I hope this clears things up, . Netherzone (talk) 21:45, 20 January 2023 (UTC)
 * To some degree.Red Rose 13 (talk) 23:52, 20 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Please sign your all your comments to maintain the integrity of the threading such that each comment can be attributed to a specific editor. Thanks! Netherzone (talk) 02:22, 21 January 2023 (UTC)
 * My concerns have been clarified so far. So I think we can end it from my side.--Riquix (talk) 13:42, 21 January 2023 (UTC)

Controversial aspects
Why are controversial aspects about him are not included in the page? Such as, Ben Erskine claiming to be his son. There was even a law suit about it, but there's no mention of it on this page. Coderzombie (talk) 07:04, 13 August 2023 (UTC)

 * AFAIK, that happened quite some time after Yogananda died, so it was an SRF issue. It is covered in the article for Self-Realization Fellowship. Perception312 (talk) 13:14, 13 August 2023 (UTC)

 * While it was an SRF case, it pertains to paternity of Yogananada. So no reason it should be excluded from here. Coderzombie (talk) 07:23, 16 August 2023 (UTC)

 * I agree... done.Red Rose 13 (talk) 00:10, 17 August 2023 (UTC)

WP:ENGVAR
I noticed that the nowiki text at the top of the article states "Use American English" (dated Nov. 2019), but the talk page states the article is written in Indian English which was added long before that. Does anyone mind if I remove the no-wiki text stating American English? Netherzone (talk) 14:26, 18 August 2023 (UTC)

 * A couple of thoughts about that. (1) Even though he was born in India, he moved to the US permanently in 1920 at the age of 27 and became a citizen. (2) All of his writings printed in english are printed in American English. (3) The whole article is writing in American English. (4) All related articles are written in American English. So I think we should corrected the talk page. Thanks Red Rose 13 (talk) 16:45, 18 August 2023 (UTC)
 * @Red Rose 13 upon looking deeper, I think you are right. Even tho the nowiki note use Am-Eng. was placed in 2019 and the ln-Eng. banner was dated earlier, I just did a history search, and the first instance of the American spelling "center" is from 2 January 2005. So it seems it was created in American English long ago. You are correct in suggesting that we change the talk page. Netherzone (talk) 17:49, 18 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Thank you for seeing it and now correcting it, Netherzone. Red Rose 13 (talk) 18:29, 18 August 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Paramahansa Yogananda


text:
Roman Catholic Diocese of Nakhon Sawan

The (Roman Catholic) Diocese of Nakhon Sawan (Dioecesis Nakhonsauanensis, สังฆมณฑลนครสวรรค์) is located in central Thailand. It is a suffragan diocese of the archdiocese of Bangkok.

The diocese covers an area of 93,547 km2, covering 13 provinces - Chainat, Kamphaeng Phet, Lopburi, Nakhon Sawan, Saraburi, Sukhothai, Tak, Uthai Thani, Uttaradit.

As of 2001, of the 8.2 million citizen 9,237 are member of the Catholic Church. It is divided into 28 parishes, having 27 priests altogether.

History
The diocese was erected on February 9, 1967, when it was split off from the archdiocese of Bangkok.

Cathedral
The St. Anna Cathedral is located in downtown Nakhon Sawan (15.69361°N, 100.12028°W).

Bishops

 * Michel-Auguste-Marie Langer, M.E.P. (February 9, 1967 – May 24, 1976)
 * Joseph Banchong Aribarg (May 24, 1976 – November 5, 1998)
 * Louis Chamniern Santisukniram (November 5, 1998 – July 1, 2005); became Archbishop of Thare and Nonseng
 * Francis Xavier Kriengsak Kovitvanit (March 7, 2007 – May 15, 2009); became Archbishop of Bangkok
 * Joseph Pibul Visitnondachai (June 19, 2009 – February 12, 2024)
 * Paul Tawat Singsa (February 12, 2024 – )

title: Roman Catholic Diocese of Nakhon Sawan


text:
Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands

The Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN) is one of the largest energy research institute in Europe and holds a strong international position. With and for the market, ECN develops knowledge and technology that enable a transition to a sustainable energy system. The main office is located in Petten. ECN also has offices in Amsterdam, Eindhoven, Wieringermeer, Brussels and China. ECN has a staff of about 550 employees.

As of April 1, 2018, the Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN) has joined forces with the Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO) and is now 'ECN part of TNO', Our aim is to accelerate the energy transition in The Netherlands and beyond. From January 2020, the name 'ECN part of TNO' will be replaced by 'TNO Energy Transition', announced officially on October 10, 2019.

Activities
ECN's research and technology development focuses on:
 * Solar Energy
 * Wind Energy
 * Biomass
 * Environmental research
 * Energy efficiency
 * Policy Studies

The total package of sustainable energy generation, clean use of fossil fuels and reduction of total energy use are key topics. ECN also conducts research on future opportunities and economic backgrounds in the field of energy.

Publications
ECN researchers disseminate their results in publications such as reports, peer reviewed articles in scientific and professional journals, conference contributions and books and chapters in books. In 2011, ECN published 481 reports (public and confidential) and 176 articles in scientific journals.

International position
ECN participates in international projects, advises authorities and collaborates with the industry in the Netherlands, Europe and worldwide. A number of examples:
 * EERA: together with nine other research organisations in Europe, ECN founded the European Energy Research Alliance (EERA). The aim is to harmonise the research programmes through joint research and optimal deployment of facilities.
 * ADEM: an initiative of ECN and three collaborating Technical Universities (Delft University of Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology, and the University of Twente). They wish to give strong impetus to Dutch materials research in relation to energy technology.
 * FLOW: the FLOW programme enables Dutch businesses to take a leading position on the international market for offshore wind farms. The programme was initiated by RWE, Eneco, TenneT, Ballast Nedam, Van Oord, IHC Merwede, 2-B Energy, XECM Darwind, ECN and Delft University of technology.
 * Solliance: Solliance is a collaboration of TNO, Eindhoven University of Technology, ECN and IMEC, focusing on research and development in the field of thin film solar panels (PV) in the ELAT region (Eindhoven-Louvain-Aachen triangle).
 * CARENA (CAtalytic REactors based on New mAterials): a European collaborative project coordinated by ECN. The project aim to create possibilities for the use of cheaper, less reactive, raw materials by using membrane reactor technology. CARENA brings together companies and institutes from 8 European countries. European chemical companies as Akzo Nobel and Arkema ensure a strong industrial leadership to the project.

In addition, ECN participates in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and the International Energy Agency.

History
ECN received its current name in 1976. Before that time, the centre, which was founded in 1955, was solely focused on the peaceful deployment of nuclear energy under the name of Reactor Centre Netherlands (RCN). In 1976 it became clear that the energy supply of the future should not rely on nuclear energy alone. Alternative forms of energy were called for. RCN was appointed as the institute that should conduct the largest part of this research.

Subsidiary company
The Nuclear Research and Consultancy Group (NRG) is a full subsidiary of ECN and the most important manufacturer of radio-active isotopes for medical use in Europe. NRG manages the nuclear reactors in Petten, which are owned by the European Union. Admatec Europe is partially owned by ECN. Admatec Europe manufactures ceramic components via 3D printing.

Board of directors and Supervisory Board
The Board of directors of ECN consists of one statutory director (chairman of the board of directors) and two deputy directors. The Supervisory Board consists of six members. It is the duty of the Supervisory Board to supervise the administration of the foundation by the Board of directors as well as the general affairs. The members of the Supervisory Board are appointed by the Dutch Minister of Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation.

Controversies
A former director of ECN, Wim Stam, made headlines with his private investment in four windmills. In his role as public servant, Wim Stam also advised the Dutch Government on the placement, quality and efficiency of wind mills. Wim made over one million Euros with his private investments. As a result of his actions, ECN changed its regulations so conflict of interests would be prevented in the future.


text:
Template:2006 Canadian federal election/ns

21,424 53.19% 9,740 24.18% 8,111 20.14% 1,006 2.5% 10,349 24.56% 17,134 40.66% 13,861 32.89% 671 1.59% 124 0.29% Musquodoboit Valley]] 10,299 23.89% 22,439 52.04% 8,944 20.74% 910 2.11% 524 1.22% 19,027 42.32% 10,259 22.82% 14,612 32.50% 1,005 2.24%
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 * Paul Francis
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 * Darian Malcom Huskilson
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 * style="background-color:whitesmoke" |South Shore—St. Margaret's
 * Darian Malcom Huskilson
 * Darian Malcom Huskilson
 * Darian Malcom Huskilson
 * Gerald Gordon Keddy
 * Gerald Gordon Keddy
 * Gordon S. Earle
 * Gordon S. Earle
 * Katie Morris Boudreau
 * Katie Morris Boudreau
 * James Hnatiuk (CHP)
 * James Hnatiuk (CHP)
 * Gerald Keddy
 * style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Sydney—Victoria
 * Mark Eyking
 * style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Sydney—Victoria
 * Mark Eyking
 * Mark Eyking
 * Howie MacDonald
 * Howie MacDonald
 * John Hugh Edwards
 * John Hugh Edwards
 * Chris Milburn
 * Chris Milburn
 * Mark Eyking
 * style="background-color:whitesmoke" |West Nova
 * Robert Thibault
 * Mark Eyking
 * style="background-color:whitesmoke" |West Nova
 * Robert Thibault
 * Robert Thibault
 * Robert Thibault
 * Greg Kerr
 * Greg Kerr
 * Arthur Bull
 * Arthur Bull
 * Matthew Granger
 * Matthew Granger
 * Ken Griffiths (Ind.)
 * Ken Griffiths (Ind.)
 * Robert Thibault
 * }
 * }


text:
Template:2006 Canadian federal election/nb

15,504 30.71% 8,513 16.86% 25,195 49.90% 699 1.38% 219 0.43% 362 0.72% 22,012 47.55% 14,919 32.23% 7,717 16.67% 1,290 2.79% 357 0.77% 19,649 41.80% 16,292 34.66% 9,988 21.25% 884 1.88% 198 0.42% 9,979 27.34% 17,630 48.31% 7,696 21.09% 1,189 3.26% 13,734 38.02% 12,849 35.57% 8,322 23.04% 1,220 3.38% 13,960 42.27% 11,250 34.07% 5,587 16.92% 587 1.78% 1,640 4.97% 22,918 47.71% 14,464 30.11% 9,095 18.93% 1,409 2.93% 150 0.31% 8,877 26.79% 18,155 54.80% 5,178 15.63% 922 2.78% 17,202 42.92% 15,753 39.30% 6,267 15.64% 858 2.14% 15,558 42.86% 15,894 43.78% 4,172 11.49% 679 1.87%
 * rowspan=2 style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Acadie—Bathurst
 * rowspan=2 |
 * rowspan=2 |Marcelle Mersereau
 * rowspan=2 |Marcelle Mersereau
 * rowspan=2 |
 * rowspan=2 |Serge Savoie
 * rowspan=2 |
 * rowspan=2 |Yvon Godin
 * rowspan=2 |
 * rowspan=2 |Philippe Rousselle
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 * Ulric DeGrâce (Ind.)
 * rowspan=2 |
 * rowspan=2 |Yvon Godin
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 * style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Fredericton
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 * style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Fredericton
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 * style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Fundy Royal
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 * style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Fundy Royal
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 * Paul Zed
 * John Wallace
 * John Wallace
 * Terry Albright
 * Terry Albright
 * Vern M. Garnett
 * Vern M. Garnett
 * Paul Zed
 * style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Tobique—Mactaquac
 * Andy Savoy
 * Paul Zed
 * style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Tobique—Mactaquac
 * Andy Savoy
 * Andy Savoy
 * Andy Savoy
 * Mike Allen
 * Mike Allen
 * Alice Finnamore
 * Alice Finnamore
 * Robert Bérubé Jr.
 * Robert Bérubé Jr.
 * Andy Savoy
 * }
 * Andy Savoy
 * }
 * }


text:
Template:2006 Canadian federal election/qc-e

17,678 42.69% 7,977 19.26% 13,347 32.23% 1,225 2.96% 1,183 2.86% 15,721 46.04% 4,463 13.07% 10,157 29.75% 2,116 6.20% 910 2.67% 778 2.28% 16,223 29.02% 4,581 8.19% 25,940 46.40% 2,590 4.63% 2,293 4.10% 4,275 7.65% 24,117 52.44% 6,466 14.06% 11,529 25.07% 2,107 4.58% 1,768 3.84% 19,804 46.38% 8,254 19.33% 9,481 22.20% 4,186 9.80% 973 2.28%
 * style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Gaspésie—Îles-de-la-Madeleine
 * Raynald Blais
 * Raynald Blais
 * Raynald Blais
 * Mario Lévesque
 * Mario Lévesque
 * Gaston Langlais
 * Gaston Langlais
 * Sylvie Dauphinais
 * Sylvie Dauphinais
 * Bob Eichenberger
 * Bob Eichenberger
 * Raynald Blais
 * style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Haute-Gaspésie—La Mitis—Matane—Matapédia
 * Jean-Yves Roy
 * Raynald Blais
 * style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Haute-Gaspésie—La Mitis—Matane—Matapédia
 * Jean-Yves Roy
 * Jean-Yves Roy
 * Jean-Yves Roy
 * Kim Leclerc
 * Kim Leclerc
 * Rodrigue Drapeau
 * Rodrigue Drapeau
 * Stéphane Ricard
 * Stéphane Ricard
 * Sarah Desjardins
 * Sarah Desjardins
 * Yvan Côté
 * Yvan Côté
 * Jean-Yves Roy
 * style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Lévis—Bellechasse
 * Réal Lapierre
 * style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Lévis—Bellechasse
 * Réal Lapierre
 * Réal Lapierre
 * Shirley Baril
 * Shirley Baril
 * Steven Blaney
 * Steven Blaney
 * Eric Boucher
 * Eric Boucher
 * Mathieu Castonguay
 * Mathieu Castonguay
 * Normand Cadrin
 * Normand Cadrin
 * Réal Lapierre
 * style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Montmagny—L'Islet—Kamouraska—Rivière-du-Loup
 * Paul Crête
 * style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Montmagny—L'Islet—Kamouraska—Rivière-du-Loup
 * Paul Crête
 * Paul Crête
 * Lise M. Vachon
 * Lise M. Vachon
 * Daniel Nadeau
 * Daniel Nadeau
 * Myriam Leblanc
 * Myriam Leblanc
 * Serge Lemay
 * Serge Lemay
 * Paul Crête
 * style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Rimouski-Neigette—Témiscouata—Les Basques
 * Louise Thibault
 * Paul Crête
 * style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Rimouski-Neigette—Témiscouata—Les Basques
 * Louise Thibault
 * Louise Thibault
 * Louise Thibault
 * Michel Tremblay
 * Michel Tremblay
 * Roger Picard
 * Roger Picard
 * Guy Caron
 * Guy Caron
 * François Bédard
 * François Bédard
 * Louise Thibault
 * }
 * Louise Thibault
 * }
 * }


text:
Template:2006 Canadian federal election/qc-qc

18,589 37.87% 4,929 10.04% 19,409 39.54% 3,917 7.98% 2,005 4.08% 234 0.48% Beauport 19,034 38.28% 4,364 8.78% 20,406 41.04% 3,084 6.20% 1,262 2.54% 1,567 3.15% Charlesbourg 20,101 34.08% 8,852 15.01% 20,332 34.47% 5,351 9.07% 2,517 4.27% 565 0.96% 116 0.20% 1,147 1.94% 11,997 24.19% 3,180 6.41% 28,606 57.68% 2,848 5.74% 1,468 2.96% 1,498 3.02% 20,845 41.53% 5,743 11.44% 14,943 29.77% 4,629 9.22% 2,372 4.73% 325 0.65% 520 1.04%
 * style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Beauport—Limoilou
 * Christian Simard
 * Christian Simard
 * Christian Simard
 * Yves Picard
 * Yves Picard
 * Sylvie Boucher
 * Sylvie Boucher
 * Simon-Pierre Beaudet
 * Simon-Pierre Beaudet
 * Mario Laprise
 * Mario Laprise
 * Jean Bédard (M–L)
 * Jean Bédard (M–L)
 * Christian Simard
 * Christian Simard
 * style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Charlesbourg—Haute-Saint-Charles
 * Richard Marceau
 * Richard Marceau
 * Richard Marceau
 * Valérie Giguère
 * Valérie Giguère
 * Daniel Petit
 * Daniel Petit
 * Isabelle Martineau
 * Isabelle Martineau
 * Les Parsons
 * Les Parsons
 * Daniel Pelletier (Ind.)
 * Daniel Pelletier (Ind.)
 * Richard Marceau
 * Richard Marceau
 * rowspan=3 style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Louis-Hébert
 * rowspan=3 |
 * rowspan=3 |Roger Clavet
 * rowspan=3 |Roger Clavet
 * rowspan=3 |
 * rowspan=3 |Hélène Chalifour Scherrer
 * rowspan=3 |
 * rowspan=3 |Luc Harvey
 * rowspan=3 |
 * rowspan=3 |Denis Blanchette
 * rowspan=3 |
 * rowspan=3 |Robert Hudon
 * Francis Fortin (Ind.)
 * Francis Fortin (Ind.)
 * rowspan=3 |
 * rowspan=3 |Roger Clavet
 * Stefan Jetchick (CHP)
 * Stefan Jetchick (CHP)
 * Stefan Jetchick (CHP)
 * Frédérick Têtu (Ind.)
 * Frédérick Têtu (Ind.)
 * Frédérick Têtu (Ind.)
 * style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Louis-Saint-Laurent
 * Bernard Cleary
 * Bernard Cleary
 * Bernard Cleary
 * Isa Gros-Louis
 * Isa Gros-Louis
 * Josée Verner
 * Josée Verner
 * Robert Donnelly
 * Robert Donnelly
 * Lucien Gravelle
 * Lucien Gravelle
 * Christian Légaré (Ind.)
 * Christian Légaré (Ind.)
 * Bernard Cleary
 * rowspan=3 style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Québec
 * rowspan=3 |
 * rowspan=3 |Christiane Gagnon
 * rowspan=3 |
 * rowspan=3 |Christiane Gagnon
 * rowspan=3 |
 * rowspan=3 |Caroline Drolet
 * rowspan=3 |
 * rowspan=3 |Frédérik Boisvert
 * rowspan=3 |
 * rowspan=3 |Michaël Lessard
 * rowspan=3 |
 * rowspan=3 |Yonnel Bonaventure
 * Dan Aubut (Ind.) 813 1.62%
 * rowspan=3 |
 * rowspan=3 |Christiane Gagnon
 * Francis Bedard (Libert.)
 * Francis Bedard (Libert.)
 * Francis Bedard (Libert.)
 * Francis Bedard (Libert.)
 * Alexandre Raymond-Labrie (PC)
 * Alexandre Raymond-Labrie (PC)
 * Alexandre Raymond-Labrie (PC)
 * }


text:
Template:2006 Canadian federal election/qc-cn

19,226 38.49% 14,581 29.19% 12,350 24.72% 2,571 5.15% 1,226 2.45% 20,569 39.30% 1,550 2.96% 27,262 52.09% 2,028 3.87% 928 1.77% 18,601 51.10% 5,214 14.32% 6,910 18.98% 4,657 12.79% 824 2.26% 195 0.54% Haute-Côte-Nord]] 22,169 49.11% 3,989 8.84% 14,559 32.25% 2,896 6.42% 1,527 3.38% Charlevoix—Montmorency 17,586 45.20% 3,014 7.75% 14,463 37.18% 2,151 5.53% 1,689 4.34% Roberval
 * style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Chicoutimi—Le Fjord
 * Robert Bouchard
 * Robert Bouchard
 * Robert Bouchard
 * André Harvey
 * André Harvey
 * Alcide Boudreault
 * Alcide Boudreault
 * Éric Dubois
 * Éric Dubois
 * Jean-Martin Gauthier
 * Jean-Martin Gauthier
 * Robert Bouchard
 * style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Jonquière—Alma
 * Sébastien Gagnon
 * Robert Bouchard
 * style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Jonquière—Alma
 * Sébastien Gagnon
 * Sébastien Gagnon
 * Sébastien Gagnon
 * Gilles Savard
 * Gilles Savard
 * Jean-Pierre Blackburn
 * Jean-Pierre Blackburn
 * Martin Bertrand
 * Martin Bertrand
 * Sylvain Dompierre
 * Sylvain Dompierre
 * Sébastien Gagnon
 * style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Manicouagan
 * Gérard Asselin
 * Sébastien Gagnon
 * style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Manicouagan
 * Gérard Asselin
 * Gérard Asselin
 * Gérard Asselin
 * Randy Jones
 * Randy Jones
 * Pierre Paradis
 * Pierre Paradis
 * Pierre Ducasse
 * Pierre Ducasse
 * Jacques Gélineau
 * Jacques Gélineau
 * Eric Vivier
 * Eric Vivier
 * Gérard Asselin
 * style="background-color:whitesmoke" |[[Montmorency—Charlevoix—Haute-Côte-Nord|Montmorency—Charlevoix—
 * style="background-color:whitesmoke" |[[Montmorency—Charlevoix—Haute-Côte-Nord|Montmorency—Charlevoix—
 * style="background-color:whitesmoke" |[[Montmorency—Charlevoix—Haute-Côte-Nord|Montmorency—Charlevoix—
 * Michel Guimond
 * Michel Guimond
 * Robert Gauthier
 * Robert Gauthier
 * Yves Laberge
 * Yves Laberge
 * Martin Cauchon
 * Martin Cauchon
 * Yves Jourdain
 * Yves Jourdain
 * Michel Guimond
 * Michel Guimond
 * Michel Guimond
 * Michel Guimond
 * style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Roberval—Lac-Saint-Jean
 * Michel Gauthier
 * Michel Gauthier
 * Michel Gauthier
 * Luc Chiasson
 * Luc Chiasson
 * Ghislain Lavoie
 * Ghislain Lavoie
 * François Privé
 * François Privé
 * Sébastien Girard
 * Sébastien Girard
 * Michel Gauthier
 * Michel Gauthier
 * Michel Gauthier
 * Michel Gauthier
 * }


text:
Suicide (game)

Suicide, also known as wall ball, is a game typically played by children and teenagers. The rules vary widely from place to place; those given below are not necessarily a "standard" form of the rules.

Setup
Suicide requires at least two players, and can have as many as can be accommodated by the playing area. The playing area comprises a hard surface, such as concrete, and a large, flat wall, and is usually outdoors. The game also requires a rubber ball or a tennis ball.

Suicide may be played in teams, but is most commonly played individually.

Gameplay
The object of the game is to be the last remaining player. To stay in the game, players have to avoid being "pegged" out.

When the game begins, a player throws the ball against the wall. If the ball bounces off the wall and then hits the ground, other players are free to grab the ball and re-throw it. If the ball is caught by another player before it hits the ground, the player who threw the ball must run and touch the wall. Until the player touches the wall, they are "open" to be "pegged" (i.e., struck hard with a thrown ball) by the player who caught it. If a player comes into contact with the ball but fails to catch it, they are also "open" to be "pegged".

Note: for games featuring more sensitive players, it may be acceptable, instead of pegging a player who is open to get them out, to throw the ball at the wall before the player "tags up" (touches the wall). The no-pegging rule must be stated before the game begins. If someone is pegged with the ball when the no-pegging rule is in effect, then it would be the same as if the player had simply missed the wall on the return and they must touch the wall.

Frankford rules

In the lower northeast of Philadelphia "Sui" as it was called had a variation on the standard rules.

Typically played with a tennis ball or racquetball for "higher stakes" it was preferred to play against a stone wall with better angles and texture to randomize the direction of the ball on the impact. Also using the cement steps up to the row home was acceptable as well.

Once the ball was thrown there were several options

 * If the ball was caught without bouncing with 2 hands by any player, the pitcher had to run up to the wall before getting pegged, either yelling "sui" or "safe".

 * If the ball touched a player and they didn't catch it or bounced off them, they would have to run to the wall and again call "safe or sui" For fear of being pegged.

 * If the ball popped into the air and was caught single-handed, all players had to run to the wall and call safe/sui, for fear of being pegged. The 2-hand catch rule also applied to a popup ball.

After being pegged 3 times you had to go for the firing squad: All players had one shot to peg the person out from a predetermined point, typically 30 feet away. (sidewalk + 2 car widths)

You were allowed to tuck your head into your chest and keep your arms in front of you. So the only way to get pegged was on your back, buttocks, or legs.

Torah Vodaas rules

In this variant, there is no pegging other players and all throws are modified pegs thrown toward the wall. Furthermore, when someone's ball is caught off the wall, that person receives an out automatically without the need for a modified peg.

Mercy rules

Whenever a new game started, it was common for a player to announce a list of game modifications (also known as “mercy”) that were not permitted during gameplay. Players could then discuss and agree on which mercy rules would be allowed, if any. For example, at the start of a game, a player might shout “No gimmies, no backsies (sometimes called touch backs), no fake outs, no time outs, no base.” If base was allowed for the game, then a group decision would specify its location (usually an adjoining wall), whether or not it was an apple tree base, and which players would be safe if touching base (sometimes base was limited to new or younger players). If mercy rules were not explicitly banned at the start of a game, then a player could attempt to invoke them at any time to avoid being pegged, often resulting in a controversy and rule clarification.

Penalties
Roughhousing is acceptable in most games, including setting picks and tripping up players attempting to go for the ball or go for the wall. It is not permissible, however, to physically interfere with a player who is throwing the ball, nor is it permissible to stand against the wall and prevent other players from touching it when they need to. Doing either of those constitutes a penalty. Fighting and overly rough play may also draw a penalty.

The "no-pegging" rule may be waived for penalties, but if it is not, then a player who receives a penalty gets an automatic out.

Another penalty is enforced for the practice known as "wall-hugging." Wall-hugging, in its purest form, occurs when a player positions themselves so that they are in constant contact with the wall. Therefore, in theory, if the ball hits them, they automatically become "safe", since they are already in contact with the wall. This is considered unfair and is dealt with accordingly.

A player who wall-hugs, which is officially called when a player stands against the wall at the moment the ball contacts it (unless they are touching the wall to save themselves), is considered open. In order to be safe, the offending player is required to run to the other side of the court (either an opposite wall or an arbitrary marker set up beforehand) and then run back and touch the wall.

Wall-hugging can be modified to some arbitrary point before the wall (usually several steps away). In this case, even without touching the wall, players can be penalized as if they were wall-hugging.

An "out" based system is applied in many games, where three outs causes a player to leave the game and, in some cases, endure a "punishment" as described below. Another commonly used substitute for "outs" is the usage of a predetermined number of "lives", which can be lost the same way as in the "outs" system, or in some variants even be gained.

In some games that allow pegging, a player who is pegged for three outs (or loses all "lives") is forced to stand facing the wall with their hands on the wall, in a position similar to a police 'pat-down' stance (often referred to as "Bottoms Up"). The player who pegged them last is then allowed to peg them from any distance as hard as possible either one or three times depending on the severity of the rules. Variations of this rule are that three players are mutually selected to peg the victim once each, that the punishing player can choose to "give" one or more of their three pegs to other players, or that all players are allowed one peg each at the victim, which can include 10 or more players in a larger game. The punishing players often aim for the head or buttocks of the victim. Headhunting may be allowed in this punishment ritual even when it is not allowed in normal play.

Strategies
Suicide games are usually won by those who have expert dexterity and the ability to run and throw the ball fast. There are a number of offensive and defensive strategies that players can employ.

 * Some players deliberately avoid the ball at all costs. While this is looked down upon, it is a legal strategy.  The goal for these players is to simply stay out of trouble.  The problem usually arises when others notice their behavior (made blatant by allowing ball to roll through their legs without any attempt to stop it) and begin to target them specifically.  The best way to avoid the ball is to stand as far back from the wall as possible, behind all the other players if possible.  Not only is this technically the safest place to be but it also allows them to be the furthest player back, who may peg anyone they wish to if the ball trickles back far enough.
 * Cunning players may rely on "striking," which is deliberately pegging another player with the ball even when they aren't open. Although the player who strikes is putting themselves in the open, the goal is to catch another player unawares and, in the confusion, touch the wall before the victim can.  The victim hopefully will be the target of whoever catches the ball.
 * Some players choose to stand as close as possible to the wall without actually being penalized for wall-hugging. The goal for them is to try to grab the ball whenever convenient and quickly send it back into play. If they are open, they rely on their close proximity to the wall to become safe immediately.  A method which is usually employed by these players is to "sky" the ball, meaning they throw the ball very hard against the wall in an upward direction so that it will balloon in the air over the other players.  Though this makes it easier for other players to catch the ball, it allows adequate time for the thrower to race to the wall to become safe; usually they reach the wall before the ball is even caught.  The downside to this strategy is that it is less effective if the no-pegging rule is in effect.  Also, these players may have a greater tendency to double-touch or be "struck" by strikers.

In general, players should avoid throwing the ball so that it comes off the wall either as a roller or a line drive. The harder the ball is to catch, the better the throw. Balls that fly high in the air are dangerous for they may be caught on the fly.

Calling Out
There are various elaborations on the base game concept which involve the use of "calling out" phrases in specific situations to enact special rules.

If the game is played with a fence behind the court used and a "lives" system is being utilized, "watermelon" rules may be applied. If the ball seems as if it is about to go over the fence, any player can call out "watermelon". If the ball goes over the fence, those players gain a "life". If it doesn't, they lose one. "Watermelon" must be called out before the ball is within a short distance of the fence.

There is also a "freeze" rule used in some occasions (in some places it's renamed "challenge", or "reach"), wherein whenever a player catches the ball from a long distance away from the wall, any other player may call out "freeze", meaning the person who has caught the ball must stop where they stand and throw the ball. When reaching the wall is impossible for the player, some games allow for the player to call "relay" and pass the ball to a player within reach of the wall. An American variation of this rule allows the "frozen" player 2 options: throw the ball and risk a life on if it hits the wall, or drop it directly onto the ground below them and run for the wall.

title: Suicide (game)


text:
Talk:Seesaw

SeeSaw Word Origin & History
why is it called see-saw? present-past tense of the verb see?

From The Online Etymology Dictionary:
 * seesaw
 * 1640, in see-saw-sacke a downe, words in a rhythmic jingle used by children and repetitive motion workers, probably imitative of the rhythmic back-and-forth motion of sawyers working a two-man saw over wood or stone (see saw). Ref. to a game of going up and down on a balanced plank is recorded from 1704; fig. sense is from 1714. Applied from 1824 to the plank arranged for the game. The verb is from 1712.

In other words, it seems to be from a child's word game, probably a play on the word "saw" for a two-man saw. --Andrew 05:30, Apr 16, 2005 (UTC)

Does anyone know anything about the history of the see-saw?

Piotr —Preceding unsigned comment added by 192.136.22.4 (talk • contribs)

US Patent No. 116,502 entitled "See Saw" issued June 27, 1871. The named inventor is Mrs. S.E. Saul. Whereas typical modern see saws are supported from a hinge below the main plank, Mrs. Sauls' device is supported from above by a rope, similar to modern teeter totters. Perhaps Mrs. Saul is the missing link, and the "see saw" name is a play on the inventor's name. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.232.58.97 (talk) 22:18, 6 July 2008 (UTC)

See-saw effect
What is the see-saw effect?? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 217.74.213.90 (talk) 13:42, 1 October 2007 (UTC)

 * I would say the "see-saw effect" is something that goes from one extreme to another and back again repeatedly "Oscillation", in a word !

 * What was the context ?
 * --195.137.93.171 (talk) 04:16, 11 February 2008 (UTC)

Teeter-Totter
In the United States, a SeeSaw is also called a "teeter-totter". This term originates from the Norfolk language word “Tittermatorter”, according to Peter Trudgill, a linguistics expert who can trace all his great-great-grandparents to a small patch of eastern Norfolk.

The above information comes to form a recent article in The Economist but you need to be a member to view the full article, so I included another article that mentions it, but it is not as reputable as The Economist.--Jon in California 19 August 2007

Teeter-totter links here, but it shouldn't. There's a toy called teeter-totter (as seen here) that is most definitely not a seesaw and should have its own page. --maidden 09:35, 22 September 2006 (UTC)

 * In USA English a Teeter-totter is the same thing as a seesaw. The link you provided says it is a teeter-totter but I have never seen that contraption before. I would not have a problem with you making a separate teeter-totter page that says the word means both a seesaw and that device with an "also see" link to a seesaw or a disambiguation page. But make no mistake, teeter-totter is a word in USA English for seesaw (we use both words). I have included information on the origin of this word in the article as well. --Jon in California 19 August 2007

 * I note that the image page is in Spanish or something - could be a foreign-language variation ? --195.137.93.171 (talk) 04:19, 11 February 2008 (UTC)

Mechanics
The sentence ''Seesaws also work as a simple example of a mechanical system with two equilibrium positions. One side is stable, while the other is unstable'' was recently added by a reliable editor, and it is referenced, so presumably it was copied from the published text. Can anyone explain what it means?  D b f i r s   22:48, 25 March 2010 (UTC)

 * I was wondering the roughly the same thing: what does it mean? and is it correct? It was not necessarily copied from the original text verbatim - maybe it was an inaccurate paraphrase. I think the following is more correct "Seesaws also work as a simple example of a mechanical system with two stable positions, and one unstable equilibrium position.", but I do not have a reference to back it up - the original reference was not an online document. Also, the statement only applies to one particular design of seesaw (if we are accepting that the other variations illustrated in the article at the moment can also be called seesaws). I think the sentence was probably added by GreenGlass1972 between 2:58 and 3:10 25 March 2010 but I am not quite sure as I do not understand the article History well enough.

 * The first sentence in the Mechanics "Mechanically a seesaw is a lever and fulcrum." section also only applies to some of the designs of seesaw referred to in the article.

 * The third sentence "The simple mechanics of seesaws make them appear frequently in school exam paper questions on mechanical problems." does not have a reference.

 * So I think that all of the sentences in the Mechanics section have issues. FrankSier (talk) 19:10, 30 October 2011 (UTC)

 * I've reviewed the cited work. There is no support for the sentence "Seesaws also work as a simple example of a mechanical system with two equilibrium positions. One side is stable, while the other is unstable", nor is the sentence sensible in the first place---an equilibrium cannot exist if "one side" is unstable, at least not in the manner described here. I've removed the sentence accordingly... leaving the "Mechanics" section a little sparsely worded, but less misleading. --- Eunomiac (talk) 10:53, 30 July 2015 (UTC)

Safety issues
I've noticed in the past few years that just about every park, no scratch that, every park that I have been to which had a see-saw has now swapped them out for a newer safer see-saw-like thing. An example of the new teeter-totter is in the foreground of this photo []. Are "old-school" see-saw's being removed all over or is it just something in my area. I'm thinking that injuries have driven up the cost of liability insurance and the parks are replacing them —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.133.42.16 (talk) 23:31, 2 May 2010 (UTC)

"ci-ça" or "ce-ça"...?
I'm not a French expert, but is "ci-ça" correct as the etymology? The first paragraph under origins of the word is not cited, and I question whether it is ci or ce. "Ce" (pronounced /Suh/) is the normal word used for "this" in french. Is "ci" an older form? I don't know it. Dougjaso (talk) 01:31, 6 September 2020 (UTC)

Except in the phrase "comme ci comme ça" which change I just always assumed was to make pronunciation simpler. Dougjaso (talk) 01:40, 6 September 2020 (UTC)

,sps@Love,s9s 67.226.222.176 (talk) 19:41, 27 September 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Seesaw


text: Category:Society of Scotland

title: Category:Society of Scotland


text:
Plains Apache

The Plains Apache are a small Southern Athabaskan tribe who live on the Southern Plains of North America, in close association with the linguistically unrelated Kiowa Tribe. Today, they are headquartered in Southwestern Oklahoma and are federally recognized as the Apache Tribe of Oklahoma. They mostly live in Comanche and Caddo County, Oklahoma.

Name
Their autonym is Ná'ishą, or "takers" based on their skill at stealing horses, or Naishadena, meaning "our people." This is also written Na-i-shan Dine.

They were also called Káłt'inde or γát dìndé meaning "cedar people" or Bek'áhe meaning "whetstone people".

The Plains Apache are also known as the Kiowa Apache. To their Kiowa allies, who speak an unrelated language, the Plains Apache are known as Semat. At major historical tribal events, the Plains Apache formed part of the Kiowa tribal "hoop" (ring of tipis). This may explain why the Kiowa named the Plains Apache Taugui meaning "sitting outside".

Government
Today the tribe is headquartered in Anadarko, Oklahoma. Their tribal jurisdictional area covers parts of Caddo, Comanche, Cotton, Greer, Jackson, Kiowa, Tillman and Harmon Counties in Oklahoma.

In 2011, the tribe had 2,263 total members, of whom 1,814 lived in-state. Tribal membership is based on 1/8 blood quantum, meaning a person must be able to prove they have at least 1/8 Native American ancestry to be considered eligible for tribal enrollment.

As of 2024, the Tribe Chairman is Durell Cooper, supported by Vice Chairman Matt Tselee, Secretary/Treasurer Ruth Bert and committee members Donald Komardley and Dustin Cozard. In addition to the Apache Business Committee outlined above, the tribe also operates the following tribal departments:

 * AOA (Administration on Aging)
 * Director: Billy Harris
 * Housing Authority of the Apache Tribe
 * Director: Ronald Twohatchet
 * Child Welfare
 * EPA (Environmental Program)
 * Director: Wamblee Smith
 * Finance
 * Director: Wendy Whiteshield
 * Food Distribution
 * Director: Jennifer Boynton
 * Human Resources
 * Director: Tamara Paukei
 * Procurement Director:
 * Joann Belgarde
 * Social Services
 * Supervisory Social Worker: Sallie Allen
 * Tax Commission Tax Clerk: Sandy Jay
 * Vocational Rehab
 * Director: Tanner Mahseet
 * CHR (Community Health Rep)
 * Director: Antionette Short
 * (Violence Against Indian Women)
 * Apache Tribal Enrollment
 * Director: Lisa Bower VAIW

Economic Development
The Apache Tribe of Oklahoma owns and operates the Apache Golden Eagle Casino in Apache, Oklahoma. The Golden Eagle Casino was previously closed in 2013 due to a tribal dispute, along with the Silver Buffalo Casino in Anadarko, Oklahoma. Only the Golden Eagle Casino reopened once the dispute was settled. The casino is under the jurisdiction of the Apache Gaming Commission, headed by Gaming Commissioner Ryan Adudell. There is also a smokeshop and a gas station on the reservation.

The tribe issues their own tribal license plates through the Tax Commission.

History
Their oral history states that the Plains Apache broke away from the Tsuutʼina, an Athabascan people who moved onto the Great Plains in Alberta, Canada. They migrated south, where the Lakota gave them territory south of the Black Hills in what became South Dakota and Wyoming.

The Apache are associated with the Dismal River culture (ca. 1650–1750) of the western Plains, generally attributed to the Paloma and Cuartelejo Apaches. Jicarilla Apache pottery has also been found in some of the Dismal River complex sites. Some of the people from the Dismal River culture joined the Plains Apache in the Black Hills.

18th century
Due to pressure from the Comanche from the west and Pawnee and French from the east, the Kiowa and remaining people of Dismal River culture migrated south where they later joined the Lipan Apache and Jicarilla Apache nations.

In the early 18th century, the Plains Apache lived around the upper Missouri River and maintained close connections to the Kiowa. They were ethnically different and spoke different languages. They communicated with their allies using the sophisticated Plains Indian Sign Language.

The Plains Apache continued migrating south along the eastern Rocky Mountains and hunting bison. They allied with the Pawnee, Arapaho, and Kiowa.

Even before contact with Europeans, their numbers were never large, and their 1780 population was estimated at 400.

19th century
The Plains Apache and Kiowa had migrated into the Southern Plains sometime around 1800. The Treaty of Medicine Lodge in 1867 established an Indian Reservation for the Kiowa, Plains Apache, and Comanche in Western Oklahoma. They were forced to move south of the Washita River to the Red River and Western Oklahoma with the Comanche and the Kiowa. The 1890 Census showed 1,598 Comanche at the Fort Sill reservation, which they shared with 1,140 Kiowa and 326 Plains Apache.

Some groups of Plains Apache refused to settle on reservations and were involved in Kiowa and Comanche uprisings, most notably the First Battle of Adobe Walls which was the largest battle of the Indian Wars. It would be the last battle in which the Natives repelled the U.S. Army in the Southern Plains.

The Kiowa-Comanche-Apache (KCA) Reservation was broken up into individual allotments under the 1889 Springer Amendment to the Indian Appropriations Act.

20th century
The so-called "surplus" lands of the KCA Reservaton were opened up to white settlement in 1901. The U.S. federal government took more KCA lands in 1906. Despite tribal opposition to the land sessions, the U.S. courts upheld allotment. Most Plains Apache families chose land north of the Wichita Mountains.

In 1966, the tribe organized a business committee and regained federal recognition. In 1972, the Kiowa, Comanche, and Plains Apache legally separated.

Social organization
The Plains Apache social organization is split into numerous extended families (kustcrae), who camped together (for hunting and gathering) as local groups (gonka). The next level was the division or band, a grouping of several gonkas (who would come together, for mutual protection, especially in times of war).

In pre-reservation times there were at least four local groups or gonkas who frequently joined together for warring neighboring tribes and settlements.

Historically, the tribe was led by an elder council, chiefs, medicine men, and warriors. Women controlled and maintained family belongings, including tipis. Skilled artists joined women's societies.

Language
The Plains Apache language is a member of the Southern Athabaskan language family, a division of the Na-Dene languages. The Plains Apache language, also referred to as Plains Apache, was the most divergent member of the subfamily. While three people spoke the language in 2006, the last fluent speaker died in 2008.

Historical chiefs

 * Gonkon (Gonkan – "Stays in Tipi" or "Defends His Tipi", also known as "Apache John"). A shortened form of his full name Gon-kon-chey-has-tay-yah (Man Over His Camp).
 * Tsayaditl-ti (Ta-Ka-I-Tai-Di or Da-Kana-Dit-Ta-I – "White Man", ca. *1830 – ca. †1900)
 * Koon-Ka-Zachey (Kootz-Zah). A shortened form of his full name Gon-kon-chey-has-tay-yah (Man Over His Camp).
 * Essa-queta (better known as Pacer or Peso, derived from Pay-Sus, ca. *unknown – † 1875, Pacer was the leader of the Kiowa Apache tribe. Actually, Pacer was part of the peace faction and kept the main group of Plains Apaches on the reservation during the Red River War of 1874–75)
 * Si-tah-le ("Poor Wolf")
 * Oh-ah-te-kah ("Poor Bear")
 * Ah-zaah ("Prairie Wolf")

Notable tribal members

 * Vanessa Jennings, Plains Apache/Kiowa/Pima beadwork artist and regalia-maker

title: Plains Apache


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Template designs by violet/riga (t)
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title: User:Violetriga/Templates/Menu


text:
Template:2006 Canadian federal election/qc-c

27,742 55.92% 6,438 12.98% 11,588 23.36% 2,248 4.53% 1,595 3.22% Richelieu 26,191 48.50% 5,605 10.38% 16,958 31.40% 3,319 6.15% 1,925 3.56% 28,630 54.12% 5,245 9.92% 14,192 26.83% 2,745 5.19% 2,086 3.94% 15,402 29.64% 2,820 5.43% 28,236 54.34% 3,529 6.79% 1,978 3.81% 34,975 62.28% 4,645 8.27% 10,818 19.26% 3,766 6.71% 1,954 3.48% 13,094 25.88% 2,489 4.92% 11,472 22.67% 1,956 3.87% 1,431 2.83% 20,158 39.84% Portneuf 34,958 62.42% 4,847 8.65% 10,124 18.08% 4,337 7.74% 1,742 3.11% 21,532 44.34% 5,612 11.56% 16,028 33.01% 3,684 7.59% 1,705 3.51% 22,331 45.87% 5,268 10.82% 15,423 31.68% 3,774 7.75% 1,513 3.11% 371 0.76%
 * style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Bas-Richelieu—Nicolet—Bécancour
 * Louis Plamondon
 * Louis Plamondon
 * Louis Plamondon
 * Ghislaine Provencher
 * Ghislaine Provencher
 * Marie-Ève Hélie-Lambert
 * Marie-Ève Hélie-Lambert
 * Marie-Claude Roberge Cartier
 * Marie-Claude Roberge Cartier
 * Louis Lacroix
 * Louis Lacroix
 * Louis Plamondon
 * Louis Plamondon
 * Louis Plamondon
 * Louis Plamondon
 * style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Berthier—Maskinongé
 * Guy André
 * Guy André
 * Guy André
 * Serge Lafrenière
 * Serge Lafrenière
 * Marie-Claude Godue
 * Marie-Claude Godue
 * Anne-Marie Aubert
 * Anne-Marie Aubert
 * Nathalie Gratton
 * Nathalie Gratton
 * Guy André
 * style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Joliette
 * Pierre A. Paquette
 * Guy André
 * style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Joliette
 * Pierre A. Paquette
 * Pierre A. Paquette
 * Pierre A. Paquette
 * Gérard Leclerc
 * Gérard Leclerc
 * Sylvie Lavallée
 * Sylvie Lavallée
 * Jacques Trudeau
 * Jacques Trudeau
 * Jean-François Lévêque
 * Jean-François Lévêque
 * Pierre Paquette
 * style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Lotbinière—Chutes-de-la-Chaudière
 * Odina Desrochers
 * Pierre Paquette
 * style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Lotbinière—Chutes-de-la-Chaudière
 * Odina Desrochers
 * Odina Desrochers
 * Odina Desrochers
 * Eric Paradis
 * Eric Paradis
 * Jacques Gourde
 * Jacques Gourde
 * Raymond Côté
 * Raymond Côté
 * Shirley Picknell
 * Shirley Picknell
 * Odina Desrochers
 * style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Montcalm
 * Roger Gaudet
 * Odina Desrochers
 * style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Montcalm
 * Roger Gaudet
 * Roger Gaudet
 * Roger Gaudet
 * Luc Fortin
 * Luc Fortin
 * Michel Paulette
 * Michel Paulette
 * Nancy Leclerc
 * Nancy Leclerc
 * Wendy Gorchinsky
 * Wendy Gorchinsky
 * Roger Gaudet
 * style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Portneuf—Jacques-Cartier
 * Guy Côté
 * Roger Gaudet
 * style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Portneuf—Jacques-Cartier
 * Guy Côté
 * Guy Côté
 * Guy Côté
 * Gilles Landry
 * Gilles Landry
 * Howard M. Bruce
 * Howard M. Bruce
 * Jean-Marie Fiset
 * Jean-Marie Fiset
 * Jérôme Beaulieu
 * Jérôme Beaulieu
 * André Arthur (Ind.)
 * André Arthur (Ind.)
 * Guy Côté
 * Guy Côté
 * style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Repentigny
 * Benoît Sauvageau
 * Benoît Sauvageau
 * Benoît Sauvageau
 * Josyanne Forest
 * Josyanne Forest
 * Claude Jr Lafortune
 * Claude Jr Lafortune
 * Réjean Bellemare
 * Réjean Bellemare
 * Adam Jastrzebski
 * Adam Jastrzebski
 * Benoît Sauvageau
 * style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Saint-Maurice—Champlain
 * Jean-Yves Laforest
 * Benoît Sauvageau
 * style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Saint-Maurice—Champlain
 * Jean-Yves Laforest
 * Jean-Yves Laforest
 * Jean-Yves Laforest
 * Lucille Whissell
 * Lucille Whissell
 * Martial Toupin
 * Martial Toupin
 * Claude Larocque
 * Claude Larocque
 * Pierre Audette
 * Pierre Audette
 * Marcel Gagnon†
 * style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Trois-Rivières
 * Paule Brunelle
 * Marcel Gagnon†
 * style="background-color:whitesmoke" |Trois-Rivières
 * Paule Brunelle
 * Paule Brunelle
 * Paule Brunelle
 * Martine Girard
 * Martine Girard
 * Luc Ménard
 * Luc Ménard
 * Geneviève Boivin
 * Geneviève Boivin
 * Linda Lavoie
 * Linda Lavoie
 * Paul Giroux (Mar.)
 * Paul Giroux (Mar.)
 * Paule Brunelle
 * }
 * }