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Talk:Knight-errant

Merge to chivalry
I think this page should be merged into Chivalry. Please comment if you agree or disagree. Krubo 12:19, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

As it stands I'm inclined to agree; very dicdefish, can be split back out later if there's a large expansion of relevant material. Alai 04:23, 4 May 2005 (UTC)

I disagree. This can be expanded and is a term with its own history and specific uses. Stbalbach 16:42, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

What happened to Arrant?
I followed a google link for a definition of Arrant that had an interesting statement about the derivation from errant. I wanted to read the whole sentence but when I got here all there is is 'merged with Knight-errant'. What happened to Arrant? Has it been moved to wiktionary? If not, can we have it back? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 130.195.5.7 (talk) 21:45, 24 March 2008 (UTC)

question ??
is Sir Knolte of Marlborough (Tom Wilkinson) in Black Knight movie an example of knight errant ??

Youxia
Why were the Chinese Youxia put in here and not given their own page? Goldfritha 02:31, 27 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Because there are other instances of Knight errants in other cultures. If it's such a problem, expand the material on the European knight. The info is very scant not to mention the source is questionable. I do not think Q & A sites that allow anonymous people to answer questions is a reliable enough source.

 * There is no reason for me to create a page consisting of two paragraphs when there is already an article on the Knight Errant. They are both in the same category, one is just Chinese. Knights errant from other cultures could be added as well, that's why I created the "Other cultures" section. (Ghostexorcist 10:59, 27 February 2007 (UTC))
 * It is somewhat controversial, applying western medieval terms to other cultures. Who called them knight errants? The term "knight errant" has certain implications and meanings, I suppose it could be done in an analogous way, but they were not called knight errants historically, or even today, except as analogy. I suggest we create a new article, but keep them linked somehow. -- Stbalbach 16:59, 27 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Controversial? What in the world are you talking about? Please explain this to me.

 * The Yellow Bridge Chinese dictionary translates Youxia as a roaming or wandering chivalrous person or Knight-errant. (see here for more details). Babelfish translates it as Knight-errant. Just type in the Chinese characters from the page and select “simplified Chinese”. Look at the reference section of the article and you will see my source for the Chinese material, it is a book called the Chinese Knight Errant. It’s not like I’m pulling the name out of thin air.

 * The aforementioned book has a very large section dealing with the many similarities between the Chinese and European Knights-errant. Just like their European counter part, these men traveled by their lonesome and battled for the common good of the people, all the while never asking for anything in return. I see no problem in mentioning it in this article. (Ghostexorcist 17:53, 27 February 2007 (UTC))

 * Medieval historians are generally cautious about applying terms used in Eurpoean history to non-European cultures. It is commonly done as an analogy or in popular history, but it is problematic, and often done for political reasons. For example see Indian feudalism. We can of course mention it in this article, but Youxia should have its own article, this is about the medieval (ie. European) knight-errant. -- Stbalbach 18:27, 27 February 2007 (UTC)

 * I'm a westerner, so I have no political agenda in putting this material on the page. This is a completely different situation in regards to the Indian feudalism subject. It seems like it was European historians who were codifying Indian history. However, in this case, it’s a Chinese historian (and many other experts and sources) comparing it to the European. I fully understand that this is about the European knight-errant (I would have to be blind or otherwise illiterate to not notice this). I only added the pertinent Chinese material so as not to totally engulf the main bit about their European counter parts. I'll leave the main Youxia article to someone more qualified than myself.

 * I'm sure the main body of material about the European knight-errant could be greatly expanded. This way, The part about the Chinese would serve to show that the Europeans had their own counterparts on the other side of the world.(18:47, 27 February 2007 (UTC))

 * Being a westerner does not demonstrate that you have no agenda. And comparing them to European knights requires more, not fewer, qualifcations than an article on them Goldfritha 00:59, 28 February 2007 (UTC)

Seriously, is there something wrong with you? Are you a conspiracy theorist? There is no agenda! Why does someone have to have an agenda just to add information to this page? The page already describes the qualities possessed by the European knights-errant, the Chinese are along the same lines, and therefore, I shouldn’t have to go into great detail. I’m not pulling this idea about a Chinese Knight-errant out of thin air. I’ve given a source; you can look it up with the ISBN#.

It sounds like you have a superiority complex. You act like European Knights-errant are supreme to everyone else (which is super POV). My intent was not to malign, but to enhance the page with material showing these chivalrous knights had counterparts in other countries. I’ll say it again, there is no agenda! (Ghostexorcist 01:26, 28 February 2007 (UTC))

 * Please remain WP:CIVIL and refrain from WP:Personal attacks or we will have a problem that goes beyond "knight errants". Medieval historians are generally cautious about applying terms used in European history to non-European cultures. It is commonly done as an analogy or in popular history, but it is problematic. Calling a Chinese class of warriors "knights", much less "Knight-errant"'s is not precise. It may be done as analogy or in popular culture, it is possible to discuss the connections here, but to be precise and accurate these two class of warriors need to have separate articles. -- Stbalbach 15:52, 28 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Yes, thank you I know about wikipedia’s policy on civility and personal attacks. You should try telling that your friend who keeps on accusing me of having an agenda. Anyway, like I've said before, it is not Medieval historians who are applying the term here, it is Chinese historians, therefore there is no need to repeat yourself. Saying the comparison between the two is “not precise” is incorrect. I have a feeling that your reluctance is based on the fact you don’t know enough about the history. It is a precise term because these men traveled the land (by themselves) helping those in need. Just like their European counter part, they aligned themselves with a lord and sometimes they didn't. There are even romance stories (i.e. adventure) that talk about them fighting Chinese dragons and other monsters.

 * Why is this such an important article all of a sudden? When I came to it, it wasn't even wikified. It was just three paragraphs stretched out with two huge pictures. I wikified it when I added the Chinese stuff. I hope this article will be greatly expanded. Even the source of it's info is more in depth than this. Why not consult other sources (ie. books, journals, ect.) other than questionable Q & A sites? If you refer to my user page, you will see that I belong to a number of projects that deal in medieval history (as I'm sure you do too). Why not ask for others to collaborate on this page? (Ghostexorcist 19:53, 28 February 2007 (UTC))

 * I would like to note that Wiktionary defines the 'Xia' of Yuxia as “1) Chivalrous person, 2) Knight errant” . The Chinese knight-errant came about during the Han Dynasty. Before this time, xia was pronounced 'Xie' which means 'force'. It is now pronounced 'Xia', which is translated as 'Knight-errant'. (Ghostexorcist 00:24, 1 March 2007 (UTC)) (Ghostexorcist 21:27, 28 February 2007 (UTC))

 * Keeps on accusing you?
 * Ghostexorcist, you brought up the issue of agendas. You asserted that clearly you had no agenda -- and cited as proof that you are a westerner.  That is not evidence against it, and I pointed it out.  Once.  That isn't even an accusation but pointing out a flaw in your argument.
 * And I pointed it out because you considered the matter of your not having an agenda relevant to this page. Goldfritha 01:19, 1 March 2007 (UTC)

 * You are correct that I am the first to mention the word "agenda". However, that was my response to Stbalbach’s comment "Medieval historians are generally cautious about applying terms used in Eurpoean history to non-European cultures. It is commonly done as an analogy or in popular history, but it is problematic, and often done for political reasons. For example see Indian feudalism." I’m by no means accusing him of anything. I replied that I had "no political agenda" ("political reasons") for adding the info to the page. Like I've said before, it was Chinese specialists who called these warriors 'Knights-errant', not myself. I’ll admit that “keeps on accusing” was the wrong wordage and I apologize for that mistake. I should have just said “accused”. Your comment of saying “Being a westerner does not demonstrate that you have no agenda” is the same as an accusation. Me having an agenda or not is very relevant to the page. I have a feeling that others believe I put the Chinese material on the page to either malign the European knight or, like the idea of Indian feudalism, to codify aspects of Chinese culture into European structure, both of which are untrue.

 * I think I have thoroughly proven that Youxia is translated as Knight-errant and that the similarities are enough to keep the section on this page. However, I plan on expanding this material and moving it to its own page in the near future. Once this is done, I believe the “Other cultures” section could be kept and a sentence or two about similar warriors from different countries could be added and linked to their main articles. I notice there is a link to the Russian Bogatyr page. I think more people would go to this article if they had a short description of who they were. The same could be said for the Paladin.

 * This discussion is starting to get ridiculous. I know I’m partly to blame myself. I request that any discussions that have nothing to do with the actual “betterment” of the main article be moved to user talk pages.(Ghostexorcist 05:21, 1 March 2007 (UTC))

Request for comment
This is a dispute about whether information about Chinese Youxia belongs on the "Knight-errant" page as opposed to a new page of its own. 01:50, 2 March 2007 (UTC)

Statements by editors previously involved in the dispute

 * Unsuitable. Lumping them together on the grounds that the term is translated "knight-errant" will only produce confusion.  Goldfritha 01:50, 2 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Suitable. As I've previously explained, the qualities of the European and Chinese Knights-errant are along the same lines, and since these qualities are already explained early in the article, I shouldn't have to explain anything more than what I already have on the page. The Chinese material is completely partitioned off from the main information. It is under the "Other cultures" section. Therefore, readers should be able to distinguish that it is an example of similar men from another culture. (Ghostexorcist 01:56, 2 March 2007 (UTC))

 * Unsuitable. Just because the Chinese translate Youxia to "knight-errant" doesn't mean they actually are knight-errants, according to the definition used in the lead section of this article, which says: A knight-errant is a figure of medieval chivalric romance literature (medieval=European). This article is about the European phenomenon. To write this article from top to bottom about the Chinese and European lumped together is wrong, confusing and original research - there was no historical connection between the two - the connection is made by analogy by 20th Century historians. It is appropriate to mention the analogy and similarities here, but Youxia still needs its own primary article. In addition it will be confusing for Categories purposes. Other medieval topics on Wikipedia separate European topics from other cultures. -- Stbalbach 20:56, 2 March 2007 (UTC)

Comments

I never attempted to pass them off as Chinese warriors in European armor. The "Other cultures" section was created to show that the Medieval knights had counterparts in China. It is not "original research" as you put it. I have given a source, look it up

-- ''Liu, James J.Y. The Chinese Knight Errant. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1967 (ISBN 0-2264-8688-5)'' --

There is no mention of the knights-errant of China (China=Chinese) in the lead, therefore it is not "top to bottom". Readers should be able to distinguish the difference because of its positions in the "Other cultures" section. There is also very large amounts of chivalric romance literature on the Chinese Knight-errant.

I will remove the info, however, the "Other cultures" section should be kept to at least describe who these similar warriors were from other cultures. a sentence or two about them should be a proper introduction to the initiated.(Ghostexorcist 21:29, 2 March 2007 (UTC))
 * Ghostexorcist, thank you for creating Chinese knight-errant. I checked Google Books and it seems to be a popularly used term. Please do re-add some description here with a link to that article as you see best. -- Stbalbach 05:34, 3 March 2007 (UTC)

 * I'll add a sentence or two shortyly. (Ghostexorcist 11:24, 4 March 2007 (UTC))

Ronin
Shouldn't ronin be mentioned In other Cultures? Paradoctor (talk) 08:46, 15 May 2009 (UTC)

Persians
The Parthians form the Persian Empire were the first knights in shining armor. Persian armored warriors each mounted on an armored horse was something that wouldn't be seen in Western Europe for another 1,500 years, and led to a defeat of Roman forces. numbering 40 000 men. Perhaps this is worth a mention, since many believe knights on horses was something that started with Europeans.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DeplY1pkjzg&feature=player_embedded  watch part 4:10  —Preceding unsigned comment added by Ditc (talk • contribs) 00:27, 9 February 2010 (UTC)

Historical Knights Errant
Are there any examples of historical Knights Errant? The Chinese Youxia article indicates that although there is a healthy amount of literature and fantasy related to Youxia, it has a historical root. This article seems to indicate that the idea of the European Knight errant is entirely fictional or legendary. --Minguo (talk) 21:26, 28 June 2010 (UTC)

 * Yes, there were historical knights-errant. For Spain in the fifteenth century alone there is a monograph on the topic: Martí de Riquer, Caballeros andantes españoles (Espasa-Calpe, 1967).
 * The article unfortunately neglects the historical roots (and effects) of the literary knights. Srnec (talk) 02:00, 25 November 2016 (UTC)

 * Historical examples can be found not the least among those who left us tales of knights-errant themselves. A lot of the "Minnesänger"-type minstrels were, in fact, knights, but without specific fief (Walter von der Vogelweide actually wrote a song about finally getting a fief) and depended on support from changing courts, roaming from court to court when they had, sometimes due to their sharp tongue, overstayed their welcome at one location, or simply wanted to get the support of a specific court (perhaps because it was in the region they grew up in and had a nostalgic attachment to) and showed up there whenever someone new was in power. Walter von der Vogelweide, who had been trained in Austria in his younger days, repeatedly showed up in Vienna in this way. --2A02:810C:380:1DEC:55EE:F72F:2C61:A80A (talk) 11:01, 26 May 2019 (UTC)

"Errant" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has identified a potential problem with the redirect Errant and has thus listed it for discussion. This discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2022 July 17 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. BD2412 T 19:48, 17 July 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Knight-errant


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Thunder Bay—Rainy River

Thunder Bay—Rainy River is a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 2004. It first elected a member in the 2004 federal election.

History
It was created in 2003 from parts of Kenora—Rainy River and Thunder Bay—Atikokan ridings.

This riding gained a fraction of territory from Thunder Bay—Superior North during the 2012 electoral redistribution.

Geography
It consists of the Territorial District of Rainy River, and the part of the Territorial District of Thunder Bay lying south and west of a line drawn from the western limit of the territorial district east along the 6th Base Line, south along longitude 90o00 W, Dog River and the western shoreline of Dog Lake, west along the northern boundary of the Township of Fowler, south along its western boundary, and east along its southern boundary, south along the Kaministiquia River, east along the northern limit of the Township of Oliver Paipoonge, south along its eastern limit and along Pole Line Road, north along Thunder Bay Expressway (Highways 11 and 17), east along Harbour Expressway and Main Street to 110th Avenue, and due east to the eastern limit of the City of Thunder Bay, along that limit to the northeast corner of the Township of Neebing, and southeast to the US border.

Demographics
According to the 2021 Canadian census

Ethnic groups: 76.4% White, 18.8% Indigenous, 1.5% South Asian

Languages: 89.4% English, 1.6% French, 1.1% Italian

Religions: 54.1% Christian (26.2% Catholic, 5.9% United Church, 4.7% Anglican, 3.2% Lutheran, 1.6% Baptist, 1.5% Presbyterian, 11.0% other), 1.8% Indigenous spirituality, 42.0% none

Median income: $42,800 (2020)

Average income: $50,520 (2020)

Member of Parliament
This riding has elected the following members of Parliament:

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Thunder Bay—Rainy River


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Thunder Bay—Superior North (federal electoral district)

Thunder Bay—Superior North (Thunder Bay—Supérieur-Nord; formerly known as Thunder Bay—Nipigon) is a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1976.

It is in the northwestern part of the province of Ontario. It was created in 1976 as "Thunder Bay—Nipigon" from parts of Port Arthur and Thunder Bay ridings. It was renamed "Thunder Bay—Superior North" in 1998.

It consists of the eastern part of the Territorial District of Thunder Bay including the northern part of the city of Thunder Bay, Ontario.

13.7% of the population of the riding are of Finnish ethnic origin, the highest such percentage in Canada.

This riding lost a fraction of territory to Thunder Bay—Rainy River and gained territory from Algoma—Manitoulin—Kapuskasing during the 2012 electoral redistribution.

Demographics

 * According to the 2021 Canadian census

Ethnic groups: 76.3% White, 17.3% Indigenous, 2.3% South Asian, 1.0% Black

Languages: 83.7% English, 3.7% French, 1.8% Italian, 1.6% Finnish

Religions: 56.7% Christian (31.6% Catholic, 4.8% United Church, 4.6% Anglican, 4.6% Lutheran, 1.2% Presbyterian, 1.0% Baptist, 8.9% Other), 1.1% Muslim, 39.2% None

Median income: $43,200 (2020)

Average income: $52,950 (2020)

Geography
Thunder Bay—Superior North consists of the part of the Territorial District of Thunder Bay
 * lying east of a line drawn from the northern limit the territorial district due south to the northeast corner of the Township of Bulmer, and south along the eastern boundaries of the townships of Bulmer, Fletcher, Furlonge, McLaurin and Bertrand, east along the 6th Base Line, south along longitude 90o00( W, Dog River and the western shoreline of Dog Lake, west, along the north, west and south boundaries of the Township of Fowler, south along the Kaministiquia River, east along the northern limit of the Township of Oliver Paipoonge, south along its eastern limit and along Pole Line Road, north along Thunder Bay Expressway (Highways 11 and 17), east along Harbour Expressway and Main Street to 110th Avenue, then due east to the eastern limit of the City of Thunder Bay, along that limit to the northeast corner of the Township of Neebing, then southeast to the US border; and
 * excluding the part lying south and east of a line drawn from the southwest corner of the Township of Downer due west to a line drawn due south from the southeast corner of the Township of Bain, due south to a line drawn due west from the southwest corner of the Township of McGill, due east to longitude 86o00( W, south along that longitude, and west along the White River to Lake Superior.

Members of Parliament
This riding has elected the following members of Parliament:

Thunder Bay—Superior North
Note: Conservative vote is compared to the total of the Canadian Alliance vote and Progressive Conservative vote in 2000 election.

Note: Canadian Alliance vote is compared to the Reform vote in 1997 election.


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O Militante

O Militante (The Militant) is a magazine of theoretical discussion, founded in 1932 and published by the Portuguese Communist Party. O Militante forms, along with the weekly Avante!, the essential core of the Party's press, but, unlike Avante!, O Militante is only sold in the party's offices or to subscribers.

The magazine is published every two months, six times a year, and is now in its fourth series, a series that started in 1975, after the Carnation Revolution.

The articles featured in the magazine are usually related to the state of the Party's organization and work priorities. It also analyzes the national and international political situation and historical events. Usually it also includes the Party's official information, such as reports from the Central Committee.

title: O Militante


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Vaughan (federal electoral district)

Vaughan was a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 2004 until 2015.

The riding covered the fast-growing region of Vaughan north of Toronto, Ontario.

The riding was created in 2003 from parts of Vaughan—King—Aurora riding. It consisted of the part of the City of Vaughan that lies west of Highway 400 or north of Rutherford Road.

Political geography
The riding was divided between the rural and urban parts. The Conservative concentrations in the riding can be found in the more rural parts, in the north and east parts of the riding, like the community of Kleinburg. The rest of the riding, the more suburban southern part is strongly Liberal.

Demographics

 * According to the 2006 Canadian census

Racial groups: 74.3% White, 9.3% South Asian, 2.7% Latin American, 2.5% Black, 2.4% Southeast Asian, 2.4% Chinese, 1.7% West Asian, 1.7% Filipino, 1.0% Arab Languages: 44.8% English, 0.5% French, 54.6% Other Religions (2001): 77.0% Catholic, 7.3% Protestant, 2.7% Muslim, 2.6% Christian Orthodox, 2.1% Sikh, 1.6% Hindu, 1.3% Buddhist, 3.9% No religion Average income: $34,485

The Vaughan riding had the highest percentage of Italian Canadians in all of Canada (54.4%). 17.1% of its residents are Italian immigrants, the highest such percentage for a Canadian federal riding, and 19.2% of its residents having Italian as their mother tongue.

Members of Parliament
This riding has elected the following members of Parliament:

Election results

 * align="right"|

 * align="left" colspan=2|Liberal hold
 * align="right"|Swing
 * align="right"| -9.4
 * align="right"|
 * align="right"|

 * align="left" colspan=2|Liberal hold
 * align="right"|Swing
 * align="right"| -2.8
 * align="right"|

 * align="left" colspan=2|Liberal hold
 * align="right"|Swing
 * align="right"| -8.1
 * align="right"|

^ % Change is based on redistributed results. Conservative change is from a combination of Progressive Conservative and Canadian Alliance parties.

title: Vaughan (federal electoral district)


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Wellington—Halton Hills (federal electoral district)

Wellington—Halton Hills is a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 2004.

The Member of Parliament for Wellington—Halton Hills is Michael Chong of the Conservative Party of Canada.

The riding was created in 2003 from parts of Dufferin—Peel—Wellington—Grey, Guelph—Wellington, Halton and Waterloo—Wellington ridings.

It consists of the Town of Halton Hills in the Regional Municipality of Halton and the townships of Centre Wellington, Guelph/Eramosa and Puslinch and the Town of Erin in Wellington County. Although it is counted as part of Midwestern Ontario, it spills into Halton, which is part of the Greater Toronto Area.

This riding lost fractions of territory to Guelph and Kitchener—Conestoga during the 2012 electoral redistribution.

Under the 2022 Canadian federal electoral redistribution the riding will be replaced by Milton East—Halton Hills South and Wellington—Halton Hills North.

Demographics
According to the 2021 Canadian census

Ethnic groups: 86.8% White, 4.4% South Asian, 2.6% Indigenous, 1.5% Black

Languages: 84.6% English, 1.2% French, 1.2% Polish, 1.1% Punjabi, 1.1% Portuguese

Religions: 59.6% Christian (27.9% Catholic, 6.2% United Church, 5.4% Anglican, 3.3% Presbyterian, 1.2% Christian Orthodox, 1.1% Baptist, 1.1% Reformed, 13.4% Other), 1.6% Sikh, 1.5% Muslim, 1.1% Hindu, 35.3% None


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Whitby—Oshawa (federal electoral district)

Whitby—Oshawa was a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 2004 to 2012. Following the 2012 federal electoral boundaries redistribution, the bulk of the district became part of the new Whitby district, while parts were transferred to Oshawa and Durham.

History
The riding was created in 2003 and consists of 68 percent of the Whitby—Ajax district, 20 percent of the Oshawa district and three percent of the Durham district. The provincial electoral district was created from the same ridings in 2007.

The riding consisted of the Town of Whitby and northwestern section of the City of Oshawa (specifically, the portion of the city lying north and west of a line drawn from the western city limit east along King Street West, north along the Oshawa Creek, east along Rossland Road West, north along Simcoe Street North, and east along Winchester Road East to the eastern city limit).

Demographics
According to the 2011 Canadian census
 * Population: 146,307
 * Ethnic Groups: 81.4% White, 5.5% Black, 4.3% South Asian, 1.7% Chinese, 1.7% Filipino, 1.4% Aboriginal
 * Languages: 85.3% English, 2.1% French, 1.5% Italian, 1.1% Chinese
 * Religion: 71.2% Christian (32.6% Catholic, 10.3% United Church, 8.3% Anglican, 2.6% Presbyterian, 2.4% Christian Orthodox, 2.1% Baptist, 10.4% Other Christian), 2.6% Muslim, 1.4% Hindu, 23.6% No religion.
 * Average household income: $104,969
 * Median household income: $89,608
 * Average individual income: $48,444
 * Median individual income: $37,099

Members of Parliament
This riding has elected the following members of Parliament:

Pat Perkins was elected in a November 17, 2014 by-election following the death of Jim Flaherty who died in office on April 10, 2014.


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Windsor—Tecumseh (federal electoral district)

Windsor—Tecumseh is a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 2004.

Geography
Windsor—Tecumseh consists of the Town of Tecumseh, and the part of the City of Windsor lying east and north of a line drawn from the U.S. border southeast along Langlois Avenue, east along Tecumseh Road East, and southeast along Pillette Road to the southern city limit.

History
Windsor—St. Clair was created in 1987 as "Windsor—Lake St. Clair" from parts of Essex—Windsor and Windsor—Walkerville ridings. In 1989, the riding's name was changed to "Windsor—St. Clair". It was also a provincial riding for the 1999 and 2003 Ontario provincial elections.

Windsor—Tecumseh was created in 2003 from parts of Essex and Windsor—St. Clair ridings.

This riding was left unchanged after the 2012 electoral redistribution.

Following the 2022 Canadian federal electoral redistribution, this riding will be renamed Windsor—Tecumseh—Lakeshore at the first election held after approximately April 2024. The riding will gain the part of Lakeshore north of the 401 and west of the Puce River (Pike Creek and Elmstead areas) from Essex.

Demographics

 * According to the 2021 Canadian census

Ethnic groups: 75.9% White, 5.4% Arab, 4.6% Black, 3.2% South Asian, 3.1% Aboriginal, 1.7% West Asian, 1.4% Filipino, 1.4% Latin American, 1.2% Chinese

Languages: 72.2% English, 4% Arabic, 2.6% French, 2.2% Serbo-Croatian, 1.8% Italian, 1.5% Chaldean Neo-Aramaic, 1.3% Serbian, 1.2% Spanish, 1% Polish

Religions: 65.1% Christian (39.6% Catholic, 4.3% Eastern Orthodox, 3.6% Anglican, 2.5% United Church, 1.4% Baptist, 1.4% Pentecostal and other Charismatic, 1% Presbyterian), 27.1 No religion, 4.6% Muslim, 1.3 Hindu

Median income (2020): $40,400

Windsor—Tecumseh

 * align="left" colspan=2|New Democratic Party hold
 * align="right"|Swing
 * align="right"| +2.74
 * align="right"|

Windsor—St. Clair

Windsor—Lake St. Clair

 * New Democratic Party
 * Howard McCurdy
 * align="right"|18,915
 * 43.42

 * Liberal
 * Shaughnessy Cohen
 * align="right"|16,192
 * 37.17

 * Progressive Conservative
 * Bruck Easton
 * align="right"|8,453
 * 19.41


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Wikipedia:Poképrosal

=Summarizing the discussion=

Merging stubs
Several people fear that a number of Pokémon articles will never get expanded beyond stub status. If that is true, then they should probably be merged into lists (per WP:FICT). A straw poll was created and majority supports this idea. Note that if a stub is merged into a list, it can still be broken out if it is no longer a stub.

Note that any kind of merging leaves a redirect in place, so it will still be possible to locate any and all information.

However, Pokémon contributors assert that an encyclopedic article can be written about any Pokémon, and have organized to prove this. See the Pokémon Adoption Center. Thus, it may be prudent to wait a month or two and see how many Pokestubs will be left.

Poll
Since the time is over, this poll is now closed. There is a strong majority (>75%) that the WP:FICT guideline does apply. It has been moved to Poképrosal/Poll to keep this page somewhat short.

Pokémon namespace
There was brief discussion of a Pokémon namespace (e.g. Pokémon:Pikachu) but this idea was rejected as it runs counter to existing naming conventions.

Wikibooks
There exists a Wikibook on Pokémon: Pokémon, which is part of the section on Game Guides and Strategy. It is suggested that Pokefans take a look at it and see if they can expand it. In particular, information such as walkthroughs for the various Pokémon games, and strategy suggestions for battles, should probably belong in the Wikibook rather than in Wikipedia (since how-to guides are generally transwikied as unencyclopedic, per WP:NOT a general knowledge base).

Archive
An archive of the entire discussion so far can be found on the talk page.

title: Wikipedia:Poképrosal


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Windsor West (federal electoral district)

Windsor West (Windsor-Ouest) is a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1968.

Geography

The district consists of the part of the city of Windsor lying west and south of a line drawn from the U.S. border southeast along Langlois Avenue, east along Tecumseh Road East, and southeast along Pillette Road to the southern city limit.

Demographics
According to the 2021 Canadian census

Ethnic groups: 54.9% White, 12.1% Arab, 10.0% South Asian, 6.2% Black, 4.4% Chinese, 3.7% Indigenous, 2.3% Southeast Asian, 1.6% West Asian, 1.5% Latin American, 1.4% Filipino

Languages: 60.3% English, 8.4% Arabic, 2.4% Mandarin, 2.1% Italian, 1.7% Urdu, 1.6% Punjabi, 1.5% French, 1.2% Chaldean, 1.2% Spanish, 1.1% Gujarati, 1.0% Vietnamese, 1.0% Cantonese

Religion: 50.0% Christian (29.3% Catholic, 2.7% Anglican, 2.6% Christian Orthodox, 1.6% United Church, 1.3% Pentecostal, 1.3% Baptist, 11.2% Other), 16.0% Muslim, 3.8% Hindu, 1.6% Sikh, 1.3% Buddhist, 26.4% None

Median income: $34,000 (2020)

Average income: $44,080 (2020)

History
Windsor West riding was created in 1966 from parts of Essex East and Essex West ridings.

It consisted initially of the part of the City of Windsor and the Township of Sandwich West bounded on the west by the U.S. border, and on the north, east and west by a line drawn from the border east along County Road 28, north along Malden Road, east along Malden Road South, south along Huron Church Line Road, east along Cabana Road, north along Howard Avenue, west along the C.P.R. line, northwest along McDougall Avenue, east along Tecumseh Boulevard East, north along Elsmere Avenue, west along Elliott Street East, and north along Marentette Avenue to the border.

In 1976, it was redefined to consist of the part of the City of Windsor bounded on the west by the U.S. border, and on the north, east and west by a line drawn from the border south along Langlois Avenue, west along Tecumseh Boulevard East, south along McDougall Street, east along the Canadian Pacific Railway, south along Howard Avenue, and west along Cabana Road to the southwest city limit.

In 1987, it was redefined to consist of the part of the City of Windsor lying south and west of a line drawn from the U.S. border south along Langlois Avenue, west along Tecumseh Road East, south along McDougall Street, east along to the Canadian Pacific Railway line, and south along the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway line to the southern city limit.

In 1996, it was redefined to consist of the part of the City of Windsor lying south and west of a line drawn from the U.S. border south along Langlois Avenue, west along Tecumseh Road East, and south along Pillette Road to the southern city limit. In 2004, The boundaries were not changed for this riding.

This riding was left unchanged after the 2012 electoral redistribution.

Members of Parliament
This riding has elected the following members of Parliament:

Election results

 * - bgcolor="white"

 * align="left" colspan=2|New Democratic Party hold

 * - bgcolor="white"

 * align="left" colspan=2|New Democratic Party hold

 * - bgcolor="white"

 * align="left" colspan=2|New Democratic Party hold
 * align="right"|Swing
 * align="right"|+0.29
 * align="right"|

Note: Conservative vote is compared to the total of the Canadian Alliance vote and Progressive Conservative vote in 2000 election.

 * Progressive Conservative
 * Ian West
 * style="text-align:right;" |957
 * style="text-align:right;" |2.91
 * style="text-align:right;" |−2.62
 * style="text-align:right;" |$11,212

 * - bgcolor="white"

 * align="left" colspan=2|New Democratic Party gain from Liberal

Note: Canadian Alliance vote is compared to the Reform vote in 1997 election.


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Talk:Krayt pearl

Closed deletion listing
This article was listed for deletion on April 5, 2005. The discussion has been closed and the result was no consensus. The article will not be deleted. You can read the discussion, which is no longer live: Votes for deletion/Krayt pearl. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 12:22, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Krayt pearl


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Charleswood—St. James—Assiniboia—Headingley

'''Charleswood—St. James—Assiniboia—Headingley (formerly known as Charleswood—Assiniboine and Charleswood—St. James—Assiniboia''') is a federal electoral district in Manitoba, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1997.

Following the 2022 Canadian federal electoral redistribution, this riding will be renamed Winnipeg West at the first election held after April 22, 2024. It will gain the Rural Municipality of Rosser from Selkirk—Interlake—Eastman.

Demographics

 * According to the 2021 Canadian census

Ethnic groups: 75.4% White, 11.3% Indigenous, 4.2% Filipino, 2.4% South Asian, 2.1% Black, 1.1% Chinese

Languages: 83% English, 2.1% Tagalog, 1.5% French, 1.3% German, 1.1 Russian

Religions (2021): 52.2% Christian (19.1% Catholic, 7.9% United Church, 4.8% Anglican, 2.9% Lutheran, 1.6% Christian Orthodox, 1.3% Anabaptist, 1.2% Baptist), 42.6% No religion, 1.3% Muslim, 1.2% Jewish, 1% Sikh

Median income (2020): $46,000

Average income (2020): $57,050

History
In 1996, it was created as "Charleswood—Assiniboine" from Winnipeg—St. James riding.

In 1998, it was renamed "Charleswood—St. James—Assiniboia".

In 2003, it was abolished, but the entire district was transferred to "Charleswood—St. James", and small parts of Winnipeg Centre and Winnipeg South Centre were added.

In 2004, it was renamed "Charleswood—St. James—Assiniboia".

In 2015, it was renamed '''Charleswood—St. James—Assiniboia—Headingley''' but there was no boundary changes following the 2012 Canadian federal electoral redistribution.

Current member of Parliament
Its member of Parliament is Marty Morantz. He was first elected in 2019. He is a member of the Conservative Party of Canada

Charleswood—St. James, 2003–2004
Note: Conservative vote is compared to the total of the Canadian Alliance vote and Progressive Conservative vote in 2000 election.

Charleswood St. James—Assiniboia, 1998–2003
Note: Canadian Alliance vote is compared to the Reform vote in 1997 election.


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Cononley

Cononley ( or  ) is a village and civil parish in the Craven district of North Yorkshire, England. Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, Cononley is in the Aire Valley 3 mi south of Skipton and with an estimated population of 1,080 (2001 est.), measured at 1,172 at the 2011 census. It is situated 1.5 km west of the A629 road with access to Skipton, Keighley. Also joined to the Leeds-Carlisle railway, the village has commuter access to Leeds and Bradford.

The village is served by Cononley railway station.

The origin of the settlement
There is evidence that people first settled around Cononley in the Bronze and Iron Ages. The Domesday Book contains only a brief mention of Cononley, but the settlement's name had probably originated several centuries earlier. The ending 'ley' refers to a clearing in the then wooded Aire valley and is shared with other Airedale communities. The first part of the name is derived from either a personal name or a river or beck name. The Cononley local historian, Trevor Hodgson, collected more than 60 different spellings of the name, in use from the 11th century onwards. Early spellings such as 'Conundley' and Cunanlay' may represent older pronunciations of the name.

Cononley in the Middle Ages and beyond
By the 12th century the present village had been laid out on a deliberate plan which is most obvious on the north side of Main Street where the plots (or 'tofts') ran northwards to Back (now Meadow) Lane. It may not be a coincidence that from the 12th century a significant part of the cultivated land was owned by Bolton Priory. Both Bolton Priory's Compotus (a listing of income and expenditure) and the Priory's records listing around 70 gifts of land in Cononley have survived. The latter record includes recognisable place names such as 'Dedehee' (Dead Eye). A smaller estate was owned by the Knights Hospitallers of St. John. By the time of the dissolution of the monasteries in the late 1530s these farms were all in the hands of tenants. Some 16 former Bolton Priory farms were bought by Henry Clifford, 1st. Earl of Cumberland. In addition, half a dozen former Knights Hospitallers' properties were transferred to the Crown and remained in the hands of the monarch for the remainder of the 16th century. The fortunate survival of many of these records is due to the lordship of the manor of Cononley having been acquired by the Earls of Cumberland. Many manor court rolls have also been preserved and some 40 of these have now been published, giving an insight into many of the concerns of Cononley people from 1518 to 1852.

The financial difficulties of George Clifford, 3rd. Earl of Cumberland benefited prosperous Cononley farmers. A number of these men were able to purchase very long leases and effectively become owners of their farms. This process also left its mark on the village because these better off inhabitants were able to begin to rebuild their houses in stone. Milton House, once called Sawley House, bears the date 1635. However, it and other nearby houses e.g. Bradleys Farm and The New Inn (in which a fragment of a timber cruck frame has been uncovered) may well date, at least in part, from an earlier century. A succession of these successful farming families dominated land ownership in the village in the 17th and 18th centuries. These included the Sawley and Bradley families, the Tillotson family and a number of branches of the Laycock family. Roger Swire became a land owner in Cononley about 1627 and by the later 18th century his family had come to dominate property ownership in the village.

The Swire family and Cononley Hall
The Swire Family lived at Cononley Hall from the 17th to the 19th centuries. An existent date stone, evidently moved from its original position and possibly recut bears the date 1683. A second date stone for 1680, probably removed when ancillary buildings were demolished about 1930, is now owned by members of the current Swire family. These facts, in addition to the style of the building, suggest that the oldest part of the present Hall was built in the 1680s for Samuel and Elizabeth Swire. Similar houses in the Airedale often have three gables and the same maybe true of the 17th century Cononley Hall. The cellars may survive from an earlier building on the site. According to John William Moorhouse, who could have been present, during alterations to the building in 1903 a 'secret passage' was found near the large fireplace on the ground floor of 'The Old Hall'. The discovery was linked to a earlier story that a Jacobite kinsman of the then owners, another Samuel and Elizabeth Swire, had escaped from the hall through such a passage in 1745 when pursued by George II's forces. The passage, perhaps useable by a desperate man, is likely to be the substantial stone walled water conduit seen by Trevor Hodgson in the late 20th century. Samuel and Elizabeth's second son, John, born in 1737, would be the grandfather of his namesake who established the internationally known business of John Swire & Sons in the early 19th century. Their elder son, Roger, born in 1735, probably lived to oversee the rebuilding of Cononley Hall before his death in 1778. The western wing of the old house was retained but a new taller classically proportioned building was erected beside it. Unfortunately Roger's son and grandson would only enjoy the new building for relatively short periods. In 1837 Cononley Hall was sold and, after a succession of owners and uses, was divided into three houses in 1911.

Roger Swire (1735–78) was the principal beneficiary of the enclosure of Cononley Moor in 1768. The enclosure completed a process which had been underway in Cononley for centuries and which removed the last common land available to smallholders with little land of their own. Another major beneficiary was Richard Wainman of Carr Head in Cowling, who was a descendant of the above mentioned Bradley family. However, a number of farmers received uneconomical, and often poorly situated, allocations as a result of the enclosure and were forced to sell their land to the larger landowners. This process added to the increasing number of breadwinners who were skilled tradesmen or handloom weavers.

The Industrial Age
Between 1790 and 1810 a small water powered cotton mill operated at the upper end of the village. Woollen textile production would remain a domestic industry for several more decades. A group of self-employed men founded the Cononley Club Row Building Society in 1822. By 1832 they had built 32 houses on Cross Hills Road all of which were designed to hold looms. Club Row, also known as Union Row and now Aire View, acquired the nickname 'Frying Pan Row' after a story told by Enoch Whitaker (1831–1922) who actually owned the frying pan. In 1837 two separately owned mills were built close together between the village and the River Aire. The 'High' and 'Low' mills, as they were known, were built parallel with each other and at right angles to the road to Farnhill and Kildwick. The High Mill has now been converted into apartments, as Horace Mills. The opening of the railway in 1847 will have helped to increase the diversification of occupations. By 1851 the population of Cononley had grown to 1,272.

The 1840s and 1850s saw the high point of lead production at Cononley Mine which was owned, then as now, by the Dukes of Devonshire. The Dukes of Devonshire had inherited the manor once owned by the Earls of Cumberland. Although there were exceptions, most of the men employed in the mine had moved relatively short distances to Cononley from other lead mining areas in Yorkshire. By 1861, at the peak of employment, some of the younger miners had been born in Cononley. Production of lead ore, latterly very limited, continued until 1881. Many miners left Cononley when the mine was in decline and only about two dozen men remained to take up other employment in the village.

In the late 1860s the 'New Mill', officially known as Aireside Mill, was built across the River Aire, in what was then, Farnhill. In 1880 it was bought by John Turner who was the owner of the mills near the station. At the end of the 19th century Station Mills were rebuilt to form a single building parallel with the road, also incorporating the 1837 High Mill and the earlier mill chimney, which remains a Cononley landmark. This development may have been one of the causes of the bankruptcy in 1901 of George Turner, one of John Turner's sons. The economic situation did not favour a plan to build an extensive estate of houses in 1897, partly on the land now occupied by the village playing field, and the scheme failed. A strike in both of the Turner family's mills coincided with a community based plan to promote the erection of a further textile mill in the village with the aim of broadening the workers' choice of employer. These two projects, had they come to fruition, would have radically altered the appearance of Cononley.

The Twentieth Century
In 1905 Station Mills was bought by Peter Green & Co. Part of the mill building was to be used for the production of cotton textiles. After 1910 a substantial part of the building, known as Station Works, housed the pioneering dynamo and electric motor factory of Horace Green & Co. After the First World War Horace Green's factory was considerably extended. By then the Aireside Mill was occupied by the worsted spinning business of Thomas Stell & Co.

In the early 20th century Cononley was a self-sufficient community. It was well served with churches and chapels: a Wesleyan Methodist chapel (built 1808), the Anglican St John's Church (built 1864), Mount Zion Methodist chapel (built 1869) and a Baptist Church (built 1877). Each was a centre of social life and many children attended their Sunday schools. A new County Primary School replaced the Anglican Church's 'National School' in 1910. There were more than ten shops including the Cononley Co-operative Society and a post office. The village had had four inns but two of these were closed in 1907. The Village Institute opened in 1909, partly to provide a non-denominational but, more especially, alcohol free place for people to use their leisure time productively. The village and its people in the early 20th century were recorded in a perceptive memoir by Catherine Moscrop, a village girl who would go on to attend Leeds University and become a missionary. The search for a satisfactory site for village playing fields lasted 40 years, probably because land owners hoped to sell their land for housing or industry, but Cononley Playing Field was eventually opened in 1937. Housing development in the first half of the 20th century was very limited due, in part, to the lack of further economic growth. A public housing development at Crag View commenced in 1925, using locally quarried stone. The notable public housing project after the Second World War was the estate at Meadow Croft.

An emphasis on industry should not detract from the continued importance of farming in Cononley during this period. However, the number of people engaged in work on the land steadily declined. The number of farms reduced from 47 in 1840, to 31 in 1953, and finally to only six in 1996. The second half of the 20th century also saw the end of Cononley as a major manufacturing centre: Peter Green & Co. closed in 1968, Thomas Stell & Co. closed in 1979 and finally, Horace Green & Co. ceased production in 1997.

Cononley today
With a population of 1,172 (2011 Census), farming is still significant, and there are still a few local businesses. The number of people employed in industry within the village has continued to decline. Part of the working community in the village commute to Skipton and Keighley, and a large number travel long distances, this made possible by frequent electric trains to Leeds and Bradford. The village has a joint Anglican-Methodist (LEP) church, a primary school, two public houses and a shop.

title: Cononley


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Society of Saint Pius V

The Society of Saint Pius V (SSPV; ) is a traditionalist Catholic society of priests, formed in 1983, and based in Oyster Bay Cove, New York, United States. The society broke away from the Society of Saint Pius X (SSPX) over liturgical issues.

The SSPV regards the questions of the legitimacy of the present Catholic Church hierarchy and the possibility that the Holy See is unoccupied (sedevacantism) to be unresolved, and that the SSPV itself lacks the authority to resolve the question, but is practically sedevacantist. The society was headed by one of its co-founders, Bishop Clarence Kelly, until his death on December 2, 2023. It is named after Pope Pius V, who promulgated the Tridentine Mass.

Founding
The SSPV developed out of the Society of St. Pius X (SSPX), the traditionalist organization founded in 1970 by Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre. In 1983, Lefebvre expelled four priests (Clarence Kelly, Daniel Dolan, Anthony Cekada, and Eugene Berry) of the SSPX's Northeast USA District from the society, partly because they were opposed to his instructions that Mass be celebrated according to the 1962 Roman Missal issued by John XXIII. Other issues occasioning the split were Lefebvre's order that Society priests must accept the decrees of nullity handed down by diocesan marriage tribunals and the acceptance of new members into the group who had been ordained to the priesthood according to the revised sacramental rites of Pope Paul VI.

"The Nine" (the four expelled priests plus five who voluntarily left the SSPX) refused to accept Lefebvre's insistence on the 1962 Missal even though they were aware of his position before they were ordained. It was their opinion that it included departures from the liturgical traditions of the church (for example, inserting the name of Saint Joseph after that of the Blessed Virgin Mary in the Canon of the Mass). According to the now-Bishop Donald Sanborn (one of "the Nine" priests), Lefebvre was imposing these liturgical and disciplinary changes in view of a reconciliation with the Vatican. A more basic reason was the belief amongst The Nine that the men who had reigned as pope since the death of Pope Pius XII (d. 1958) had not been legitimate popes (Canon 1325, no. 2, 1917), although Cekada later stated that "...[t]he 'pope question' was not raised at the time, and was not at issue." They held that these popes had officially taught and/or accepted heretical doctrines, and therefore had lost or never occupied the See of Rome (Canon 188, no. 4, 1917). Like the Society of Saint Pius X, they believed that there had been novel interpretations of the traditional teachings of the church on issues such as religious liberty. One of The Nine, Dolan, admitted that while still a member of the SSPX, he had already concluded that the See of Peter was vacant.

The Nine set up a new priestly society under the leadership of Kelly, their former District Superior. The eight priests were Thomas Zapp, Donald Sanborn, Anthony Cekada, Daniel Dolan, William Jenkins, Eugene Berry, Joseph Collins, and Martin Skierka. Additional priests joined shortly thereafter.

Splits
Within a few years, about half of the original nine SSPV priests separated from Kelly. Most of them formed an openly sedevacantist group, "Catholic Restoration", under the leadership of Dolan and Sanborn. Both were later consecrated as bishops in the episcopal lineage of the sedevacantist Vietnamese Archbishop Pierre Martin Ngô Đình Thục. The other priests founded independent ministries.

Cekada states that this resulted from the SSPV's intrinsic distrust of a centralized authority as existed in the SSPX, which makes the latter vulnerable to being "subverted with one stroke of a pen" to the Vatican. Rather than independent congregations being a weakness and something to be lamented, Cekada considers all such groups and priests taken together preferable to the SSPX, which has continued to hold negotiations with Rome and uses the 1962 Missal.

Episcopal orders
On 19 October 1993, Kelly was consecrated a bishop in Carlsbad, California, United States, by Bishop Alfredo Méndez-Gonzalez, the retired Bishop of Arecibo, Puerto Rico. Bishop Méndez had already publicly ordained Paul Baumberger and Joseph Greenwell, two seminarians of the SSPV, to the priesthood in 1990. Kelly's consecration was announced a few days after Méndez's death in 1995.

Structures
The SSPV currently has five permanent priories, and its priests serve a network of chapels, churches, and temporary Mass locations in 14 US states and one Canadian province (Alberta). It operates only in North America.

Associated religious communities
The Daughters of Mary, Mother of Our Savior are a congregation of religious sisters founded by Kelly in 1984. Their congregation's motherhouse and novitiate are located in Round Top, New York, United States, in the Catskill Mountains area. The sisters have two additional houses in Melville, New York, and White Bear Lake, Minnesota, where they run schools, and engage in other types of charity work, such as visiting nursing homes. The current mother general is Mother Mary Bosco.

The Congregation of Saint Pius V (CSPV) is a Society of Common Life for priests and coadjutor brothers, founded by Bishop Kelly in 1996. The CSPV was formed to provide a canonical structure for the incardination of priests and the affiliation of religious. The congregation operates Immaculate Heart Seminary in Round Top, New York, for its candidates, under the direction of Bishop James Carroll, CSPV. The seminary's graduates are ordained by Bishop Carroll, Bishop Santay, or Bishop Kelly. As of 2022, the CSPV has two bishops, eleven priests, and five brothers.

title: Society of Saint Pius V


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Portage—Lisgar

Portage—Lisgar is a federal electoral district in Manitoba, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1997.

Demographics

 * According to the 2021 Canadian census

Ethnic groups: 82.3% White, 11.5% Indigenous, 2.2% Filipino, 1.5% South Asian Languages: 70.5% English, 11.7% German, 7.7% Plautdietsch/Low German/Low Saxon, 3.5% French, 1.5% Russian, 1.2% Tagalog

Median income: $37,200 (2020)

Average income: $45,560 (2020)

According to the 2011 Census, Portage—Lisgar was the riding with the highest percentage of native German speakers (23.6% of the population at the time) in all of Canada. Only Inuktitut (Nunavut: 66.8%) and Panjabi (Punjabi) (Newton—North Delta, in British Columbia: 33.4%) exceed this concentration of native speakers of a non-official language in a single riding.

Geography
This is a rural district that encompasses most of Central Manitoba. It includes the cities of Portage la Prairie, Winkler, and Morden, and the towns of Carman, Morris and Altona.

As a rural Western riding, the Conservatives dominate this riding, except for in First Nations areas. In 2021, due to opposition to COVID-19 restrictions, the People's Party broke through and were able to do strongly in areas with large Mennonite populations like the Rural Municipality of Stanley, the Municipality of Rhineland and Winkler, municipalities that went heavily Conservative in 2019. Because of this shift in 2021, the Conservatives did best in rural areas with fewer Mennonites, such as the Municipality of Norfolk Treherne. In 2021, the NDP was able to win both the Swan Lake First Nation and Long Plain First Nation. The Liberals are also strong in the Long Plain First Nation, which they won in 2019, and also have some residual strength in the Rural Municipality of St. François Xavier.

History
The electoral district was created in 1996 from the former districts of Lisgar—Marquette and Portage—Interlake. It originally consisted of the rural municipalities of Argyle, Cartier, Dufferin, Grey, Lakeview, Lorne, Louise, Macdonald, North Cypress, North Norfolk, Pembina, Portage la Prairie (except for the northeast corner), Roblin, Roland, South Norfolk, Stanley, Thompson, Victoria and Westbourne; the cities of Portage la Prairie and Winkler; the towns of Carberry, Carman, Gladstone, Manitou, Morden, Pilot Mound, and Treherne; the villages of Cartwright, Crystal City, MacGregor, Notre Dame de Lourdes, Somerset, and St. Claude; and the Indian reserves of Dakota Plains 6A, Long Plain 6, and Swan Lake 7.

In the 2003 redistribution, it lost the rural municipalities of Lakeview and Westbourne and the town of Gladstone to Dauphin—Swan River; and the rural municipalities of Argyle, North Cypress and Roblin, the town of Carberry, and the village of Cartwright to the riding of Brandon—Souris. It gained the rural municipalities of Rhineland and St. François Xavier; and the towns of Altona, Gretna and Plum Coulee from Provencher.

In the 2012 electoral redistribution, this riding lost the rural municipality of North Norfolk and the town of MacGregor to Dauphin—Swan River—Neepawa and the rural municipalities of Victoria, and Louise and the town of Pilot Mound and the village of Crystal City to Brandon—Souris. It gained the rural municipality and the town of Morris from Provencher and remainder of the rural municipality of Portage la Prairie from Selkirk—Interlake.

Members of Parliament
This riding has elected the following members of Parliament:

Current member of Parliament
Its most recent member of Parliament was Candice Bergen, who resigned on February 1, 2023. She was first elected in the 2008 Canadian federal election.

title: Portage—Lisgar


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Saint Boniface—Saint Vital

Saint Boniface—Saint Vital (Saint-Boniface—Saint-Vital; formerly Saint Boniface) is a federal electoral district in Winnipeg, Manitoba that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1925.

The district covers roughly the southern portion of the city of Winnipeg, east of the Red River. In particular, it contains the Franco-Manitoban community of Saint Boniface and roughly the northern two-thirds of the community of St. Vital. The riding (as federal electoral districts are called in Canada) has a sizeable French population (16% according to the last census) and was a Liberal Party stronghold for most of its history. However, Conservative Shelly Glover, a Winnipeg police sergeant, won it in 2008 and three years later became the first centre-right MP in the riding's history to be re-elected.

It is the only riding in Western Canada that regularly elects francophone candidates to parliament.

Following the 2022 Canadian federal electoral redistribution, this riding will be renamed '''St. Boniface—St. Vital''' in English at the first election held after April 22, 2024. It will gain the neighbourhood of Minnetonka from Winnipeg South.

History
In 1996, its English name was changed from "St. Boniface" to "Saint Boniface".

In 2008, Conservative candidate and Winnipeg police officer Shelly Glover, defeated Liberal incumbent Raymond Simard, who had held the seat since a 2002 by-election. She easily defeated Simard in a 2011 rematch, becoming the first centre-right MP to win a second full term in the riding's history.

Saint Boniface was renamed "Saint Boniface—Saint Vital" during the 2012 electoral redistribution, losing territory to Winnipeg South and Elmwood—Transcona while gaining territory from Winnipeg South. Following Glover's retirement from the House in 2015, the riding reverted to form: Liberal candidate Dan Vandal, who represented much of Saint Boniface on Winnipeg City Council, won it resoundingly as part of a Liberal near-sweep of Winnipeg.

Name changes
The federal riding's name has undergone various changes since its creation in 1924.

Members of Parliament
The riding has elected the following Members of Parliament:

title: Saint Boniface—Saint Vital


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Toine Manders

Antonius Jozef Maria "Toine" Manders (born 14 March 1956) is a Dutch lawyer and politician who has served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) since 2019, previously holding a seat from 1999 to 2014.

He represented the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) as part of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe until 17 October 2013, when he changed party affiliations to lead 50PLUS (50+) in the 2014 European Parliament election, in which he failed to win reelection. Following the 2019 election, Manders returned as an MEP and joined the European People's Party Group. Since 2 June 2020 he is no longer representing 50+ but the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA).

Early life and education
Manders was born on 14 March 1956 in Stiphout. He attended the Academy for Industrial Design in Tilburg, graduating in 1982. He proceeded to study law Maastricht University, earning his degree in 1993.

Political career
Manders started his political career in the municipal council of Asten, of which he was a member between 1994 and 1999. He concurrently served as a member of the States-Provincial of North Brabant since 1995. In 1999 he resigned from both positions to run for the European Parliament.

Manders served for the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy in the European Parliament from 20 July 1999 until 17 October 2013 as part of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe. He got enough preferences votes during each of the three elections to be chosen independent of his list position. He left the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy to become the party leader for the 50PLUS party in the 2014 European Parliament election, but the party didn't get enough votes for a seat. Manders felt that his former party had switched too much toward the political right, he also agreed that the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy's decision to limit their MEP terms to three might have influenced his decision. As Manders already served three terms he would not be eligible anymore. During the 2019 European Parliament elections in the Netherlands, he once again ran for the 50PLUS party. This time, he won a seat. On 2 June 2020, Manders left 50PLUS and joined the Christian Democratic Appeal party.

Since joining the European Parliament in 1999, Manders has served on the Committee on the Internal Market and Consumer Protection. In this capacity, he was the Parliament’s rapporteur on the Environmental Liability Directive (2004). In addition to his committee assignments, he is part of the Parliament's delegation to the ACP–EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly. Manders worked on legislation mandating that bank account numbers be checked against provided names in online transactions to prevent mistaken transactions.

In 2009, Manders rejected as "outrageous" an allegation by a Protestant group that the flag of Europe is a marian symbol, saying that similar symbols were also found in ancient Greece.

title: Toine Manders


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Blackstrap (electoral district)

Blackstrap was a federal electoral district in Saskatchewan, Canada, that had been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1997. It is named for Blackstrap Lake. The riding was abolished prior to the 2015 Canadian federal election.

Geography
The riding included the southeast quadrant of the city of Saskatoon and extended south to Elbow, southeast to Bladworth, and east to Jansen.

History
The electoral district was created in 1996 from Saskatoon—Dundurn and portions of Mackenzie, Moose Jaw—Lake Centre and Saskatoon—Humboldt ridings.

For the 2015 Canadian Federal election, the riding was abolished, with the Saskatoon portion becoming part of Saskatoon—Grasswood, while the rural portion became part of Moose Jaw—Lake Centre—Lanigan.

Members of Parliament
This riding has elected the following members of the House of Commons:

Election results
Note: Conservative vote is compared to the total of the Canadian Alliance vote and Progressive Conservative vote in 2000 election.

Note: Canadian Alliance vote is compared to the Reform vote in 1997 election.

title: Blackstrap (electoral district)


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Desnethé—Missinippi—Churchill River

Desnethé—Missinippi—Churchill River (Desnethé—Missinippi—Rivière Churchill; formerly known as Churchill River) is a federal electoral district in Saskatchewan, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1997.

Geography
This is a rural riding located in northern Saskatchewan. The riding encompasses the northern half of the province and is the third largest federal riding, that is located in a province, in Canada, trumped only by Churchill—Keewatinook Aski in Manitoba and Abitibi—Baie-James—Nunavik—Eeyou in Quebec. The territorial ridings of Yukon, Northwest Territories and Nunavut are also larger.

Demographics

 * According to the 2011 Canadian census; 2013 representation

Languages: 64.6% English, 21.3% Cree, 10.8% Dene, 1.3% French

Religions: 76.8% Christian (41.5% Catholic, 18.5% Anglican, 4.1% United Church, 2.5% Lutheran, 1.6% Pentecostal, 8.5% Other), 2.7% Traditional Aboriginal Spirituality, 20.4% No religion

Median income (2010): $18,910

Average income (2010): $28,554

Desnethé—Missinippi—Churchill River boasts the following demographic records:

 * Highest % of people of the Métis aboriginal group (16.4%)
 * Highest % of people of Métis ethnic origin (12.0%)
 * Highest % of people with Dene as their mother tongue (10.5%)

History
The electoral district was created as "Churchill River" in 1996 from Prince Albert—Churchill River, Mackenzie and The Battlefords—Meadow Lake ridings.

In 2004, it was renamed "Desnethé—Missinippi—Churchill River".

This riding lost territory to Prince Albert and a fraction to Yorkton—Melville, and gained a fraction of territory from Prince Albert during the 2012 electoral redistribution.

2006 election controversy
In the 2006 federal election, Liberal candidate Gary Merasty defeated incumbent Conservative MP Jeremy Harrison by a slim margin of 68 votes after trailing much of the election night, despite Harrison's vote increasing several points. Merasty's win raised issues of questionable tactics to increase voter turnout. However, an investigation conducted by Elections Canada determined that no wrongdoing had taken place.

2015 election recount
In the 2015 federal election, New Democrat candidate Georgina Jolibois defeated the Liberal candidate, Lawrence Joseph, by a narrow margin of 71 votes. Joseph requested a judicial recount of the votes.

Members of Parliament
This riding has elected the following members of the House of Commons of Canada:

title: Desnethé—Missinippi—Churchill River


text:
User:Nationalseries

See Acela Express for more details

User:Natalinasmpf

title: User:Nationalseries


text:
Talk:Filofax

Untitled
Does this correctly belong at FiloFAX? Rich Farmbrough 12:26, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I'm curious. Why, here, is the name Filofax rendered with a capitalised FAX as the last syllable? Is there some reason not obvious to me? Here's the 'heritage' page from the Filofax site itself, which doesn't refer to itself in such a way: Ian Tindale 15:13, 4 May 2005 (UTC)

History & sizes
I'd like to see the background here in details. I've heard it from radio or something, but I can't find it from the net with details. I miss the following information which might be of use for others too
 * what's what was the size of the very original filofax binder?
 * what Filofax sizes are compatible with other brands like Time/Design=Time/System —Preceding unsigned comment added by Hatza (talk • contribs) 15:33, 12 April 2008 (UTC)

Known sizes
I have a filofax Urban Mini Organiser, the size of the paper for this is 67mm wide by 105mm high. I would love to see a set of sizes. --DuLithgow (talk) 14:48, 8 September 2008 (UTC)
 * I've found the sizes... http://www.filofax.co.uk/sizeguide/ --DuLithgow (talk) 14:53, 8 September 2008 (UTC)

Contradiction
"The company name was coined for the name of the product when it was founded in 1921." "The company was known as Norman & Hill until the mid 1980's". Perhaps the first one should be "the name of the product was coined when the company was founded in 1921." ...actually I think I've figured out what it's trying to say and I'm going to edit it. 81.131.49.68 (talk) 12:28, 27 June 2009 (UTC)

Other brands

 * Firenze (organiser)
 * Debden
 * Tudor
 * Daytrax
 * Advantage Organiser
 * Gold Coin
 * The Last Diary Company - "MicroMini"

—Preceding unsigned comment added by Tabletop (talk • contribs) from 00:24, 4 December 2009 to 04:01, 8 December 2010(UTC) --detective work by Mango från yttre rymden (talk) 22:59, 28 February 2021 (UTC)
 * Some older Chinese material has no maker's name or brand name.

Other Sizes
Most Filofax clones have 6 rings, though there is a 7 ring clone and a small 5 ring sort.

The spacing of the holes of Firenze 6 ring clone is: 19/19/19/19/19 mm. (19mm = 3/4 inch)

Tabletop (talk) 00:26, 4 December 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Filofax


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Prince Albert (federal electoral district)

Prince Albert is a federal electoral district in Saskatchewan, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1908 to 1988, and since 1997.

It is one of two districts which has been represented by two different Prime Ministers: William Lyon Mackenzie King from 1926 to 1945, and John Diefenbaker from 1953 to 1979; the district of Quebec East was the other. It is also the only district where two future Prime Ministers competed against each other – King against Diefenbaker, in the 1926 election.

Geography
This riding is found in the central part of the province, in the transitional area between the Aspen parkland and boreal forest biomes. The major centre of the riding, and its namesake, is the city of Prince Albert which has a rich political history. Smaller centres in the riding include Nipawin, Melfort, and Tisdale.

History
The electoral district was first created in 1907 from portions of Humboldt, Mackenzie, and Saskatchewan. It existed in this form until 1987 when it was abolished into Prince Albert—Churchill River, Saskatoon—Humboldt, and The Battlefords—Meadow Lake. It was re-created in 1996 from portions of the Prince Albert—Churchill River, Mackenzie, and Saskatoon—Humboldt ridings.

While the city of Prince Albert has significant NDP support, the rural areas are among the most conservative in Saskatchewan and the country. As a result, it has been in the hands of a centre-right party for its entire existence in its current incarnation.

This riding lost a fraction of territory to Desnethé—Missinippi—Churchill River, and gained territory from Saskatoon—Humboldt, Desnethé—Missinippi—Churchill River and a fraction from Saskatoon—Wanuskewin during the 2012 electoral redistribution.

During the campaign for the 2021 election, Liberal candidate, Estelle Hjertaas, had several of her campaign signs vandalized.


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User:Wongm

My nickname is wongm. I am from Victoria, Australia. These days I usually only clean up articles I stumble upon, and updating railway articles based on news articles.

About me
My personal blog is http://wongm.com/

I work as a software developer in Melbourne, Australia - I studied at Swinburne University of Technology.

Check out what music I listen to via the audioscrobbler project at http://www.audioscrobbler.com/user/wongm/

I like both trains and photography - I have a stack of railway photographs at http://railgallery.wongm.com/

A long term project of mine has been a history of the railways of Geelong and the surrounding areas - http://www.railgeelong.com/ - I intend to work some of the info into here as well.

Another area of interest to me is Hong Kong - you'll find my blog at http://www.checkerboardhill.com/

Userboxes
Oooooh:

Manifesto

 * Everyone in rail seems obsessed with passenger rail. Freight rail is what pays the bills kids.
 * By extension, every article on a railway line seems to be based around a list of passenger trains that run on it.

Pages I've done
Some of the more notable creations and major edits...

 * Energy in Victoria, and the associated navbox, former power stations, and former utility companies.

 * cleaning up and expanding Geelong, Victoria and a lot of subpages...
 * Geelong Gas Company
 * Geelong Power Station, Victoria
 * Geelong city centre, Victoria
 * City of Greater Geelong
 * Westfield Bay City
 * Market Square Shopping Centre
 * Market Square, Geelong
 * Belmont, Victoria - a real biggie, almost bigger than the town article...
 * Corio Bay
 * Waterfront_Geelong
 * Point Henry smelter
 * Waurn Ponds, Victoria
 * Searoad - the car ferry
 * Highton, Victoria
 * Grovedale, Victoria
 * Bright and Hitchcocks
 * Corio Oval
 * Geelong Art Gallery
 * Geelong Performing Arts Centre
 * Geelong Post Office
 * Geelong Racecourse
 * Geelong Showgrounds
 * Geelong Town Hall
 * Johnstone Park, Geelong
 * Kardinia Park
 * Osborne House (Geelong)
 * T & G Building, Geelong

 * Trains - cleanup of Rail transport in Victoria (this) and Railways in Melbourne (this) and subpages, as well as making or expanding heaps
 * Great Northern Rail Services
 * Victorian Railways
 * El Zorro (Railway)
 * Specialised Container Transport
 * Public Transport Corporation
 * Freight Australia

 * Railways in Melbourne: rewrite history by time not line.

 * Rail_transport_in_Victoria is now a GA.

 * T & G Mutual Life Assurance Society - because of the...
 * T & G Building, Geelong

Maps
A few maps I have made...

title: User:Wongm


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Souris—Moose Mountain

Souris—Moose Mountain is a federal electoral district in Saskatchewan, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1988.

Geography
This electoral district is located in Southeast Saskatchewan, encompassing the cities of Weyburn and Estevan. The riding extends from Radville in the west to the Manitoba border, and from Estevan to Grenfell and the Qu'Appelle River in the north.

History
This district was created in 1987 from Qu'Appelle—Moose Mountain and portions of the Assiniboia riding.

This riding lost a fraction of territory to Moose Jaw—Lake Centre—Lanigan and gained significant territory from Wascana during the 2012 electoral redistribution.

Current member of Parliament
Its member of Parliament is Robert Kitchen, a medical practitioner in Estevan who was elected in the 2015 Canadian federal election and re-elected in 2019.

title: Souris—Moose Mountain


text:
Regina—Wascana

Regina—Wascana (formerly Wascana) is a federal electoral district in Saskatchewan, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1988.

Geography
Most of the riding is within the provincial capital city of Regina, in southern Saskatchewan.

The riding is bordered on the south by Fifth Base Line; on the west by Albert Street; on the north-west by the Canadian Pacific Railway; on the north by Victoria Avenue; and on the east by Range Road 190.

The riding is bordered on the south by Moose Jaw—Lake Centre—Lanigan; on the west by Regina—Lewvan; and on the north and east by Regina—Qu'Appelle. The riding lost significant territory in the 2012 re-distribution to Moose Jaw—Lake Centre—Lanigan and Souris—Moose Mountain, but lost very little population.

Demographics

 * According to the 2016 Canadian census

Languages: 78.3% English, 2.3% Mandarin, 2.0% Tagalog, 1.6% French, 1.3% Punjabi, 1.3% German, 1.1% Urdu, 1.1% Cantonese

Religions (2011): 68.3% Christian (31.3% Catholic, 12.0% United Church, 6.6% Lutheran, 3.2% Anglican, 2.2% Baptist, 1.5% Christian Orthodox, 1.2% Pentecostal, 10.3% Other), 2.0% Muslim, 1.3% Buddhist, 1.1% Hind, 25.8 No religion

Median income (2015): $42,192

Average income (2015): $55,770

History
The electoral district was created in 1988 from Regina East, Regina West and Assiniboia. The seat has been held by former Minister of Finance and current Minister of Public Safety Ralph Goodale since 1993. Along with Winnipeg North, Wascana was one of only two seats retained by the Liberals in the Prairie Provinces in the 2011 election.

Members of Parliament
This riding has elected the following members of the House of Commons of Canada:

Current member of Parliament
Its member of Parliament is Michael Kram. He was first elected in the 2019 Canadian federal election, after having run and finishing second in the 2015 Canadian federal election. He is a member of the Conservative Party of Canada.

title: Regina—Wascana


text:
User:Apwoolrich/Desk

Cleanups completed
Jeff Gerhardt

Kersey Graves

Second Industrial Revolution

Merge Standarized testing and Standardized test

title: User:Apwoolrich/Desk


text:
East Flemish

East Flemish (Oost-Vlaams, flamand oriental) is a collective term for the two easternmost subdivisions ("true" East Flemish, also called Core Flemish, and Waaslandic) of the so-called Flemish dialects, native to the southwest of the Dutch language area, which also include West Flemish. Their position between West Flemish and Brabantian has caused East Flemish dialects to be grouped with the latter as well. They are spoken mainly in the province of East Flanders and a narrow strip in the southeast of West Flanders in Belgium and eastern Zeelandic Flanders in the Netherlands. Even though the dialects of the Dender area are often discussed together with the East Flemish dialects because of their location, the latter are actually South Brabantian.

History
Before the occurrence of written records, the dialect continuum that took shape in the Old Dutch language area was characterised mainly by differences from east to west, with the east showing more continental Germanic traits and the west having more coastal Germanic features. In East Flanders, it can be noted that not a single typical eastern Low Franconian trait has reached the region, but coastal characteristics are fairly common, albeit less so than more to the west.

In the 15th century, the dominant position in the Low Countries shifted from the County of Flanders to the Duchy of Brabant, which brought an expansian of linguistic traits from Brabant, the so-called 'Brabantic Expansion'. As the Scheldt delta formed a large barrier in the north, those traits were introduced mainly from South Brabant, particularly the city of Brussels. The Dender area probably already started the process in the 14th century, but Ghent (and probably the rest of the province) resisted those changes for at least another century, as writings from Ghent still indicated a phonology that was typically West Flemish phonology in the mid-16th century. Eventually, two processes caused the spread of Brabantian traits in eastern Flanders:
 * The slow infiltration from the east, the Dender area;
 * The spread of a trait in the biggest city (usually Ghent) from where it spread to the smaller cities and rural areas. For example, the Brussels pronunciation [yə] for [oə] was first used in Ghent and later spread to most of the province.

While the second process has caused a fairly wide extension of some traits, the traits spread by the first process have reached only the eastern quarter of the province: the Dender and Waasland areas.

Having been dominated by the French, the Austrians and the Spanish, their languages have been other influences on the vocabulary of East Flemish.

Principal dialects

 * Core Flemish
 * "True" East Flemish (often called "Boers", Dutch for peasant language, by speakers of city dialects)
 * Northeast Flemish
 * Southeast Flemish
 * The Ghent dialect (insular city dialect)
 * The Ronse dialect (insular city dialect)
 * Central Flemish (transitional with West Flemish with which it is also commonly classified)
 * Waaslandic (transitional with Brabantian)
 * Waas
 * Eastern Zeelandic Flemish or the Land-van-Hulst dialect
 * The Hulst dialect (insular city dialect)

Transitional and mixed dialects
A special mention should go to continental West Flemish, which, despite being a West Flemish dialect, has some East Flemish colouring, as Kortrijk was historically governed under Ghent.
 * The Maldegem dialect (transitional with coastal West Flemish though it also shows several innovative and intermediary traits)
 * The Philippine dialect (mixing East Flemish and Zeelandic Flemish traits)
 * The Sas van Gent dialect, a mixture of several dialects, as Sas van Gent was a colonial town with many people from different regions.

Notable characteristics
Even though the East Flemish dialect area is one of the most diverse linguistic landscapes in Belgium, the dialects share some traits that set them apart from Standard Dutch as well as the neighbouring dialects:
 * The vowels in ziek ("ill") and voet ("foot") are pronounced as a short [i] and [u], respectively, like in Standard Dutch. In Brabantian, they are long [i:] and [u:], and in West Flemish the ancient diphthongs [iə] and [uə] have been retained though the sound [u] occurs before velars and labials. A notable exception is the dialects of Ghent and Ronse, which, apart from having a general tendency to stretch vowels, have diphthongised them in certain positions to [ɪ.i] and [o.u], respectively. The latter sound can also be heard in Central Flemish before velars and labials.
 * The so-called sharp 'oo' in boom ("tree") is pronounced [yə], monophthongised to [y] in the city dialects of Ghent and Ronse, but surrounding dialects have [uə], [wo] or [ɔə]. That trait originally came from the dialect of Brussels and was spread through East Flanders via Ghent. Therefore, that pronunciation also occurs in the southernmost Brabantian dialects. Also, [y(ə)] has not spread across the entire East Flemish dialect area: the Maldegem dialect, the easternmost dialects of the Waasland and most dialects in Zeelandic Flanders use [uə] instead, and the Central Flemish dialects use [yə] or [uə], depending on the following consonant.
 * The Old Dutch long vowels in ijs ("ice") and huis ("house") are pronounced as the diphthongs [ɛi] and [œi], respectively. Depending on their dialect and position, they have often been monophthongised to [ɛ] and [œ], respectively. Coastal West Flemish has retained the old monophthongs [i] and [y]. In Maldegem and continental West Flemish, intermediary monophthongs also occur: [e] and [ø] and [ɪ] and [ʏ], respectively.  Exceptions are the city dialects of Ghent and Ronse as well as the Central Flemish dialects.
 * Plural pronouns usually end in "ulder", like wulder ("we"), gulder ("you") and zulder ("they"). Those pronouns are also used in continental West Flemish, but Maldegem appears to use the coastal pronouns.
 * The past tense of weak verbs is formed with "-tege" or "-dege", as opposed to "-te" and "-de" of Standard Dutch and the surrounding dialects. While present in most East Flemish dialects as well as continental West Flemish and some Dender Brabantian dialects, that phenomenon seems to be diminishing in all but the Core Flemish area.
 * The -n of plurals and infinitives is usually retained, like in West Flemish, but it has been lost in Brabantian and in the dialects of Ghent and some Waaslaandic towns on the banks of the Scheldt.
 * Subordinating conjunctions are conjugated. The Dutch combination ...dat ze... would be in East Flemish ...da(t) ze..., pronounced /dɑ sə/, in the singular, and ...dan ze ..., pronounced /dɑn zə/, in the plural. That occurs also in West Flemish and Zeelandic.
 * As in West Flemish and Brabantian, the subject is doubled or even tripled. Standard Dutch "ik ga" becomes East Flemish "'k goa-kik". In the dialects of Ghent and its surroundings, that duplication can occur even after nouns and names.
 * As in West Flemish, Zeelandic and Brabantian, infinitive clusters are always ordered V1-V2-V3, with the auxiliary verb first.
 * As in most Belgian dialects, except those from the coast and Westhoek and Brabantian dialects, double negations like niemand niet are commonly used.

Phonology
As the realisation of phonemes can be quite divergent in different East Flemish dialects, the phonemes represented here are based on the most common Core East Flemish realisations.

Consonants
Notes:
 * occurs only in the consonant cluster or as an allophone of  when it undergoes the assimilation of voicing or, for Core Flemish, intervocalic lenition.
 * The most common realization of the phoneme is an alveolar trill, but uvular realisations  or  are used in the dialects of Ronse and Ghent and are spreading from the latter.
 * The lateral is velarised postvocalically. In the dialects around Maldegem, syllable-final  is omitted altogether.
 * In the western dialects, is usually realised as an approximant.
 * and are not native to many East Flemish dialects and usually occur from the palatalisation of  and, respectively. That is especially common close to the Dender area. Similarly,  may merge into  in some dialects like Platgents that lack postalveolar fricatives.
 * As in Standard Dutch, all plosives and fricatives are devoiced word-finally, but Core Flemish tends to voice plosives between a coloured vowel and . In some dialects, /k/ also has the allophone in that position.

Vowels
The following table gives an overview of some common phonemes in stressed syllables. Many East Flemish dialects have lost the phonemic vowel length distinction, but the distincition is made in the following table for the dialects that have kept it. Also, the central vowel /ə/ occurs only in unstressed syllables and is often heavily reduced or even omitted in many dialects.

Notes:
 * In the true East Flemish dialects, are usually diphthongised to . In the dialects of Ghent and Ronse, on the other hand,  are diphthongised to.
 * is merged into in several dialects. That included a now-extinct lower-class Ghent dialect, which had the indirect effect of current Platgents rounding  to  in multiple words as a counterreaction.
 * are diphthongised to before /z/ and /v/. In some northwestern dialects, that is the common pronunciation in most positions. The same goes for, which has merged with  in most dialects.
 * After /d/ or word-finally, is pronounced [æ] in most dialects. In the dialect of Ghent, it is pronounced [æ] or even [a] in most positions except before.
 * are merged into when they are followed by.
 * When followed by alveolars, is diphthongised to  in most dialects. In the dialect of Ronse, it is always pronounced [u].
 * In many dialects, /o/ and /o:/ have merged. In the dialect of Ghent, the phoneme has later split, based on its position: before velars and labials and  before alveolars. One exception is the short /o/ in front of nasal consonants nasals, which has consistently become [u] in Ghent.
 * and have become  and, respectively, when followed by an /r/, but that is no longer productive on more recent borrowings or when the /r/ is followed by an alveolar. When they are followed by /rm/, they become  in many dialects.
 * In the Ghent dialect, /i/ has diphthongised to, /y/ has diphthongised to when followed by an /r/ or /l/, and /u/ has inconsistently diphthongised to [ou]. The same diphthongisations of /i/ and /u/ occur consistently in the dialect of Ronse.
 * Word-finally or before, /y/ can be pronounced [œ], [ɔ], [ʏ] etc., depending on the dialect.
 * In Platgents, has an allophone [o] when it is followed by /l/.

Diphthongs
The following table shows the common diphthong phonemes in East Flemish, but it also includes some allophones or alternative realisations of the vowels mentioned above.

Notes:
 * In most dialects, is realised, but some peripheral dialects have . Central Flemish has both sounds, depending on its position, but in the southeast of the Waasland, it is pronounced  or , depending on its position.
 * In the city dialects of Ghent and Ronse, and  are monophthongised to  and, respectively.  In the Ghent dialect, diphthongs, however, are still realised before /r/ and /l/.
 * and are the "true" East Flemish realisations of  and.
 * is an allophone of.
 * and are northwestern realisations of  and, respectively, but  is a separate phoneme from  only in the same area.  In many other dialects, diphthongs occur only before /v/ or /z/. In the Central Flemish and the city dialects, those phonemes are generally realised as dark diphthongs.
 * used to be an allophone of /e/ before /r/. Because of elision the elision of /r/, can now also be found before other consonants, and the elision of /d/ and French loanwords have reintroduced [e] before /r/. In the dialect of Ghent,  is either similar or identical to.
 * In the dialect of Ghent, has inconsistently split into two phonemes  and . In the dialect of Ronse,  is the common realisation for, but in Central Flemish,  is an allophone of  after velars or labials.
 * is an allophone of /o/ in the dialect of Ghent, and its most common realisation in the dialect of Ronse.
 * is a highly-divergent phoneme in East Flanders. In most dialects, it has two different realisations: when followed by /d/ or /w/, and  are common realisations, bur before /t/ and /s/, it is usually pronounced  or . Other realisations may, however, occur in both positions.

Verbs
As in many other southern Dutch dialects, verbal constructions can take several forms, depending on stress, the position of the subject and the next word. Unlike West Flemish, however, there is no subjunctive mood. The following table gives the general rules of conjugation in the present tense and the regular example of zwieren ("to toss"). The spelling is based on Dutch orthography with the addition of ̊  to show devoicing and  ̆   to show vowel shortening.

Notes:
 * The first-person singular varies depending on the dialect: western dialects tend to add -e, but Waaslandic simply uses the stem. For verbs with a vocal stem, like doen ("to do") Waaslandic and the dialects around Maldegem add -n, but Core Flemish simply uses the stem.
 * The ending -t in the second-person and the third-person singular has several realisations. When it is followed by a consonant or the neuter pronoun et, it is not pronounced even if it devoices the following consonant. Before a pause, it is pronounced [t]. In front of vowels, it is usually prononounced [d] except when it follows a voiceless consonant, when it becomes [t].
 * In dialects that differentiate between long and short vowels, the stem vowel tends to be shortened in the third-person singular. Compare Waaslandic "gij sloapt" with "ij slopt".
 * Inversed forms tend to contract with the subject: verb + ge"l becomes -de (-te after a voiceless consonant), verb + singular ze becomes -se (written as -̊ze in the table above) and verb + we becomes -me. When it is stressed, the pronoun is simply added to contracted form. In the first-person plural the contracted form also commonly occurs in the regular indicatives in main clauses.

Preterite
Like most other Germanic languages, East Flemish differentiates between strong verbs and weak verbs. Even though there are a few strong verbs in East Flemish that are weak in Standard Dutch, the overall tendency is that East Flemish has more weak verbs. Unlike many other Germanic languages, the rules for the conjugation of the strong preterite are exactly the same as in the present tense. The weak preterite is formed by adding the suffix "-dege" ("-tege" when the stem ends in a voiceless consonant) to the verbal stem. While an -n is usually added in the first-person and the third-person plural, the t-ending is not added except in a few southwestern dialects.

Ghent dialect
The dialect of the province's capital, Ghent, is also different from the language of the surrounding region. The Brabantic expansion is believed to have started in Ghent, which has separated its speech from the other Flemish dialects. Some Brabantic traits were exported to other East Flemish dialects, but many were not. The most notable differences include n-dropping and the more extreme diphthongisation of ii and uu. At the same time, Ghent resisted many innovations characteristic for rural East Flanders. In the 19th and the early 20th centuries, the French uvular r was adopted.

title: East Flemish