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Fumio Niwa

Fumio Niwa (丹羽 文雄) was a Japanese novelist with a long list of works, the most famous in the West being his novel The Buddha Tree (Japanese Bodaiju, "The Linden", or "The Bodhi Tree", 1956).

He was ordained as a Shin Buddhist priest in his youth, but abandoned the priesthood two years after his ordination.

Career
Niwa was born in Mie Prefecture, the eldest son of a priest in the Pure Land sect of Buddhism. He grew up at Sōgen-ji, a temple in Yokkaichi near Nagoya. After his graduation from Waseda University, he reluctantly entered the hereditary priesthood there but quit two years later, at the age of 29, in order to become a writer, walking out of the temple grounds on 10 April 1932 and heading back to Tokyo. He was supported by his girlfriend until their marriage in 1935. During this time he published Sweetfish (Japanese Ayu), serialised in Bungeishunjū, and the novel Superfluous Flesh (Japanese Zeiniku).

Niwa's work was controversial and, during World War II, two of his novels were banned for immorality. In 1938, Niwa joined the Pen butai (lit. "Pen corps"), a government organisation which consisted of authors who travelled the front during the Second Sino-Japanese War to write favourably of Japan's war efforts in China. He worked as a war correspondent in China and New Guinea, accompanied Rear Admiral Gunichi Mikawa's Eighth Fleet and was on board the flagship Chōkai during the Battle of Savo Island on 9 August 1942. He was wounded at Tulagi. These experiences inspired Naval Engagement (Japanese Kaisen) and Lost Company (Kaeranu Chutai), both censored.

After the war Niwa became an extremely prolific author of more than 80 novels, 100 volumes of short stories, and 10 volumes of essays. His most celebrated short story was The Hateful Age (Japanese Iyagarase no Nenrei, 1947, literally "The Age of Disgust"), about a family terrorised by a senile grandmother, which enjoyed such popularity that the title became a phrase in the language, for a time.

The novel The Buddha Tree uses his unhappy childhood at Sōgen-ji as a backdrop. When he was eight years old his mother eloped with an actor from a Kansai Kabuki company; an event that greatly traumatised him. In this novel the story is elaborated fictionally.

Later works include, from 1969, a five-volume biography of Shinran (1173-1262), the founder of the Pure Land sect, and in 1983 an eight-volume work on Rennyo, a 15th-century monk who died on a pilgrimage to India.

In 1965 Niwa was elected a member of the Japan Art Academy, and the following year he was elected as Chairman of the Japanese Writers' Association, a position he held for many years. Niwa encouraged fellow members to play golf, organised health insurance, and bought land for a writers' cemetery. He won the 19th Yomiuri Prize and was awarded the Order of Culture in 1977.

He was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease in 1986. He was married twice and had one son and one daughter, Keiko Honda, who described his decline in Days of Care (Japanese Kaigo no hibi, 1997). He died of pneumonia in 2005.

title: Fumio Niwa


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Bavaria (disambiguation)

Bavaria may refer to:

Germany

 * Bavaria, one of the 16 federal states of Germany
 * Duchy of Bavaria (907–1623)
 * Electorate of Bavaria (1623–1805)
 * Kingdom of Bavaria (1805–1918)
 * Bavarian Soviet Republic (1919), a short-lived communist state

Italy

 * Bavaria (Nervesa della Battaglia), a town

United States

 * Bavaria, Kansas, a community
 * Bavaria, Wisconsin, an unincorporated community
 * Lake Bavaria, a lake in Minnesota

Beer

 * Bavaria beer, a brand of FIFCO
 * Bavaria Brau, a South African brewery
 * Bavaria Brewery (Colombia), a Colombian brewery
 * Bavaria Brewery (Netherlands), a Dutch brewery and brewer of several beers named Bavaria, including:
 * Bavaria non alcoholic beer

Other

 * Bavaria Film, a film company based in Germany
 * Bavaria (train), which ran between Munich and Zurich or Geneva
 * Bavaria Yachtbau, a German sailing and motor yacht builder
 * BMW Bavaria, a luxury sedan produced by BMW
 * L'Entrecôte, a defunct brasserie in Geneva called The Bavaria
 * Porzellanfabrik Bavaria, a porcelain factory

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Bavaria (disambiguation)


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Pinus bungeana

Pinus bungeana (Japanese: シロマツ; ), also known by the common names Bunge's pine, lacebark pine and white-barked pine, is a pine tree native to northeastern and central China. It is a slow-growing tree that can grow to heights of 15 – is frost hardy down to below -26 °C. Its smooth, grey-green bark gradually sheds in round scales to reveal patches of pale yellow, which turn olive-brown, red and purple on exposure to light.

Description
The lacebark pine's trunk can grow either monopodial, as a single growth upwards, or sympodial, forked. Its crown is loosely shaped like a pyramid or umbrella. It has 5 – long needles in groups of three. Each needles' cross-sections are shaped like a triangular semicircle. The lacebark pine produces cones that turn yellowish brown as they mature and are roughly egg-shaped and 5 – long. They contain seeds that are grey-brown, slightly egg-shaped, and 10 mm long.

Taxonomy
P. bungeana is synonymous with the name Pinus excorticata, attributed to Lindley and Gordon in William Dallimore's Handbook of Coniferae and Ginkgoaceae. Its name is derived from the surname "Bunge", as one of its early identifications was by botanist Alexander von Bunge in 1831 near Beijing.

P. bungeana is closely related to Pinus gerardiana, another pine species with flaking bark, but P. bungeana has stiffer needles and smaller cones.

Distribution and habitat
Pinus bungeana is native to temperate forests in the mountains of China, but it is also widely cultivated as an ornamental tree, especially for its metallic bark. It grows in the provinces of Shanxi, west Henan, south Gansu, south Hebei, north Sichuan, Shaanxi, west Shandong, and Hubei. It occurs in the wild on limestone rocks and south-facing slopes at relatively high elevations of 500 –, but has also been planted at lower elevations. In the northern portion of its range, it also occurs in acidic soil. As a light-demanding species, it usually grows in sites less suitable for other tree species.

It was introduced to England in 1843.

Ecology
Pollination of the lacebark pine occurs in the months of April and May, while seeds mature in October and November of the second year.

Uses
In China and Korea, the lacebark pine is traditionally planted near temples and cemeteries. It is also grown as an ornamental tree in classical gardens seeking to imitate Chinese gardens, in which it symbolizes longevity. It can also be seen in botanic gardens and often grows with multiple stems.

The wood of the lacebark pine is not commercially used as timber, but it is used locally by populations in northeast China for construction, furniture, and transport structures like pallets. The lacebark pine has edible seeds used in traditional Chinese medicine to provide relief for respiratory ailments.

Cultural significance
In 2009, P. bungeana was named the city tree of Baoji, China.

title: Pinus bungeana


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Bavaria statue

Bavaria is the name given to a monumental, bronze sand-cast 19th-century statue in Munich, southern Germany. It is a female personification of the Bavarian homeland, and by extension its strength and glory.

The statue is part of an ensemble which also includes a hall of fame (Ruhmeshalle) and a stairway. It was commissioned by Ludwig I of Bavaria, with the specific design being chosen by competition. It was cast at the Munich foundry of J.B. Stiglmair between 1844 and 1850 and is the first colossal statue since Classical Antiquity to consist entirely of cast bronze. It was and is up to the present day considered a technological masterpiece. Because of its size it had to be produced in several parts; it is 18.52 metres (60 ft. 9 in.) high and weighs about 87.36 tons. It rests on a stone base which is 8.92 (28 ft.) metres high.

An internal circular staircase leads up to a platform in the head, where four openings in the helmet provide a view of the Theresienwiese and downtown Munich.

The Hall of Fame
Because it forms a logical and artistic unit together with the Bavaria statue, a brief description of the historical background and construction of the Hall of Fame follows.

Historical background
The childhood of Ludwig I was marked by the claims to power of Napoleon on the one hand, and Austria on the other. At that time the venerable House of Wittelsbach which he represented had been reduced to a plaything for the ambitions of these two major powers. Up until 1805, when Napoleon “freed” Munich in the War of the Second Coalition and made Ludwig's father, Maximilian, king of Bavaria, that nation had repeatedly been a theater of war and had suffered the disastrous consequences. Only after Napoleon's defeat in the Battle of Leipzig in 1813 did Bavaria enjoy a period of peace.

This history prompted Ludwig already when he was crown prince to think in terms of a “Bavaria comprising all tribes” and of a “great German nation”. These goals motivated him in following years to undertake several projects involving the construction of national monuments like the pillar commemorating the Bavarian constitution of 1818 in Gaibach, the Walhalla temple on an imposing platform overlooking the Danube river and the town of Donaustauf east of Regensburg, the Hall of Fame in Munich (1853) and the Befreiungshalle (“Hall of Liberation”) near Kelheim (1863), all of which were privately financed by the king. In their design and contents, purpose and reception they convey an artistic and political harmony unique in Germany, despite their inner contradictions.

Ludwig, who acceded to the throne upon the death of his father in 1825, felt a spiritual closeness to Greece, was an enthusiastic admirer of Ancient Greece, and wanted to turn his capital city of Munich into an “Athens on the Isar River”. Ludwig's second born son Otto was proclaimed King of Greece in 1832.

Construction
Already as crown prince Ludwig had the plan to erect a patriotic monument in his royal capital of Munich. He consequently had lists drawn up of “great” Bavarians from all walks of life. In 1833 he launched a competition which was intended to collect preliminary ideas for the design of a hall of fame and thus only specified the project's key features: the hall was to be erected above the Theresienwiese and provide space for about 200 busts. The only requirement was, “... that the building should not duplicate the Walhalla; as many Doric temples as there were, none of them was a copy of the Parthenon ....”

The regulations did not exclude a building in the style of the Classicists as in the Walhalla, a parallel construction project, but it can be assumed that the architects were free to submit other architectural styles. Since the proposals of all four participants have survived to a large extent, they provide an interesting glimpse at the construction history of the Hall of Fame at a time of ideological artistic disputes between the Classicists on the one side, who were inspired by the aesthetics of Antique Greece and Rome, and the Romanticists on the other side, whose artistic manifestations were expressed in Medieval terms. Thus the proposals submitted for the design of the Hall of Fame reflected not only artistic and architectural differences, but these ideological disputes as well. Ludwig finally decided in March 1834, primarily for reasons of expense, against the proposals of Friedrich von Gärtner, Joseph Daniel Ohlmüller and Friedrich Ziebland, and commissioned Leo von Klenze to construct the Hall of Fame. He was undoubtedly influenced by the colossal statue in Klenze's design, since such a huge statue had not been erected since Classical Antiquity. Flattered by the idea of erecting a statue which would be as imposing as those commissioned by the rulers of antiquity, after deciding in favor of Klenze's design Ludwig I wrote, “Only Nero and I can produce such giant statues....”

Leo von Klenze’s proposals
Leo von Klenze, court architect of Bavarian King Ludwig I, first proposed in 1824 a design for the Bavaria statue in the form of a “Greek amazon”, his inspiration being such monumental statues as the Colossus of Rhodes, the Statue of Zeus at Olympia. and especially Phidias’ Athena Parthenos, which survived in numerous small Roman copies.

After the competition to design the Hall of Fame was decided in favor of Klenze, he drew up several proposals for the Bavaria statue in addition to his detailed drawings of the intended Hall.

These sketches show a Bavaria statue influenced by classical representations of an Amazon. She wore a double girdled chiton and high laced sandals. With her right hand she crowned a multiheaded Herma whose four faces symbolize the ideal qualities of a ruler, of a warrior, the arts, and science. In her left hand she held at arm's length at hip level a wreath which she symbolically bestowed on honored personalities. A lion crouched at her left side.

With this suggestion Klenze created a new type of national allegory. For a long time previously there had been personifications of Bavaria, but whereas, for example, the attributes of Tellus Bavarica on the Hofgartentempel represented the material wealth of the nation, Klenze gave his Bavaria attributes of culture and statesmanship. Klenze's design reflected a new understanding of the ideal state as virtuous and enlightened, replacing traditional agrarian symbolism.

In another proposal dating from 1834, Klenze planned the Bavaria statue as an exact copy of the Athena Promachos which once stood in front of the Acropolis. She was provided with a helmet, shield and raised spear.

On May 28, 1837 a contract to produce the Bavaria statue was signed by Ludwig I, Klenze, the sculptor Ludwig Michael Schwanthaler and the metal founder Johann Baptist Stiglmaier and his nephew, Ferdinand von Miller. Ludwig I and the participating artists were certainly aware of the plans for Arminius statues in Teutoburg Forest dating from the 1920s, although these were carried out after the Bavaria statue.

Schwanthaler’s proposals
In contrast to Klenze, who was influenced by Classical Antiquity, Schwanthaler was a disciple of the Romantic Movement and a member of several Munich medieval circles, all of which were enthusiastic about anything “patriotic” and rejected foreign impulses, especially those from Classical Antiquity. It was apparently part of Ludwig's strategy to combine these contrary artistic conceptions in a single patriotic monument, thereby uniting the opposing camps under one national ideal. His attempt at a synthesis of Classical and Romano-Gothic styles is often referred to in the literature as “Romantic Classicism” or the “Ludovician Style”.

At first Schwanthaler adhered to the specifications of Klenze's plan. But he soon began to come up with his own variations of the Bavaria statue. He made the fundamental decision not to follow Classical models but rather to clothe her in a “Germanic” style: her floor length shirt dress was draped in a simpler way, and bound up together with a bearskin it gave the figure a typical “German” character according to Schwanthaler.

Schwanthaler went a step further in a plaster model dated 1840. He decorated the head with a wreath of entwined oak leaves, and the wreath in the raised left hand, which in the Klenze version was made of laurel leaves, became another oak leaf wreath, the oak being considered an intrinsically German tree. These modifications to the Bavaria statue occurred at the time of the so-called Rhine Crisis of 1840/41, which involved border disputes between France and the German Confederation and led to a surge of patriotic outbursts against the “archenemy” France. For Schwanthaler, who was in any case an enthusiastic patriot, this crisis seems to have been the motivation for portraying his Bavaria statue as emphatically fit to fight and armed with a drawn sword.

The Bavaria statue's attributes of bearskin, oak wreath and sword can be relatively easily interpreted as a consequence of the political and art history context of its genesis, but an interpretation of the lion is more problematic. Although it is natural to regard the animal simply as a symbol of Bavaria, this does not really reflect the intention of Klenze and Schwanthaler. The lion always had a firm place in heraldry for the rulers of Bavaria, as Counts of the Rhine Palatinate the House of Wittelsbach had included it in its coat of arms since the High Middle Ages. In addition, two rampant lions served as supporters in the Bavarian coat of arms from the earliest times.

The art historian Manfred F. Fischer is, however, of the opinion that the lion next to the Bavaria statue is not only conceived as Bavaria's heraldic animal, but along with the drawn sword is meant to be a symbol of defensive potential.

But the most important attribute of the Bavaria statue remains the oak-leaf wreath in her left hand. The wreath signifies an honorary award for those whose busts are to be positioned inside the Hall of Fame.

Construction
The bronze statue was sand-cast using a process resulting in four major parts (head, bust, hips, lower half with lion) and a number of smaller pieces which were attached later.

Klenze proposed that the huge statue be cast in bronze. Ever since Classical Antiquity this alloy had been an esteemed material, valued for its long-lasting qualities, and Ludwig, who wanted to create an enduring legacy, strongly favored bronze. The king therefore supported the Munich metal founder Johann Baptist Stiglmaier and his nephew Ferdinand von Miller and revived the long tradition of bronze casting in Munich by setting up a new foundry, the Royal Metal Foundry (Königliche Erzgießerei), which went into operation on Munich's Nymphenburger Strasse in 1825.

From the end of 1839 on, Schwanthaler and numerous assistants were engaged in producing a full-sized plaster model of the Bavaria statue. In 1844 an initial, four meter high auxiliary model had been completed. In late summer 1843 the finished full-size model could be dismantled in preparation for using the pieces as models for the castings. Stiglmaier died before this work could begin in 1844 and Miller took over leadership of the project. On September 11, 1844 the head of the Bavaria statue was cast using metal from bronze Turkish cannon salvaged from the 1827 naval Battle of Navarino (modern-day Pylos on the west coast of the Peloponnese peninsula). These cannon had been sold in Europe as recycling material under the then Greek King Otto, son of Ludwig I, and a number of them had reached Bavaria. In January and March 1845 the arms were cast and on October 11, 1845 the bust. The hip section was cast the following year and in July 1848 the entire upper portion of the statue was finished. The last major casting, for the lower section, took place on December 1, 1849.

On March 20, 1848 Ludwig I was forced to abdicate the throne in favor of his son Maximilian, which had consequences for the continuation of the monument project since the Bavaria statue and the Hall of Honor, as with all of Ludwig's national monuments, were carried out and financed privately. Although Maximilian obligated himself to continue the project, only 9,000 guilders per year were allocated for it in his budget, which was completely inadequate. Miller, who had advanced the costs for the casting from his own resources, got into serious financial difficulties. Only when Ludwig agreed to privately finance the completion of the Bavaria statue could it be finished. In all, the Hall of Fame cost the king 614,000 guilders, the Bavaria statue 286,346 guilders and the property on which they stood 13,784 guilders. Miller was never recompensed for part of the costs, but the beneficial advertising effects for the foundry turned out to be so great that his expenses could be more than recovered from the many orders the company subsequently received, and the later privatized foundry remained in business until up into the 1930s. Over one hundred other major bronze works of art located worldwide were produced in this foundry, including Klenze's obelisk on Munich's Karolinenplatz, Bertel Thorvaldsen’s statue of Friedrich Schiller on Stuttgart’s Schillerplatz, and Christian Daniel Rauch’s statue of Maximilian I of Bavaria in front of the National Theater in Munich.

Assembly and dedication in 1850

The formal unveiling of the Bavaria statue was originally planned for the Oktoberfest in 1850, which would have been the 25th year of Ludwig’s reign. Before any celebrations were held featuring a king who had meanwhile abdicated, government concerns first had to be dispelled that such an event could be interpreted as a demonstration against the ruling monarch, Maximilian II.

Between June and August the separate pieces of the Bavaria statue were transported to the place of installation on especially constructed wagons, each drawn by 20 horses. On August 7, 1850 the last piece, the head, was escorted to the Theresienhöhe in a festive procession through Munich. The official unveiling took place on October 9 after a procession including all involved trades and guilds and, as expected, turned into a tribute for the king who had abdicated. The artists whom the king had greatly supported in the years of his reign and provided with commissions thanks to his extensive construction program paid special homage to Ludwig. After the unveiling of the Bavaria statue, the speaker for the occasion expressed on behalf of the Munich art world, “the gratitude and praise of the present time and times to come—Bavaria’s bronze oak leaf wreath belongs especially to King Ludwig, patron of the arts” (translation)

The Hall of Fame had not been completed at the time of the Bavaria statue unveiling; scaffolding and wooden roofing obscured large portions of the building. Only in 1853 could it be dedicated as part of a far more modest celebration.

The Bavaria ensemble during the Drittem Reich
The Nazis had an ambivalent and cynical relationship to the Hall of Fame and the Bavaria statue. On the one hand, the various plans they developed to redesign the fairgrounds on the Theresienwiese including the Bavaria and the Hall of Fame betrayed a total lack of respect for the location and the intention of their founders. For example, in 1934 they considered demolishing the Hall of Fame behind the Bavaria statue to make space for exhibition grounds, and the Theresienwiese was to be fragmented by avenues for large parades. In 1935 another plan was presented to eliminate the Bavaria statue as well, and in its place to erect a huge congress hall with a memorial for heroes. According to plans from 1938, the Bavaria and Hall of Fame were to be retained, but framed by enormous monumental buildings. The Theresienwiese was to be modified.

On the other hand, the open space of the Theresienwiese and the existing imposing and symbolic architecture were readily used for propagandistic staging, for example for the mass events connected with the pompous May Day celebrations which took place until the outbreak of World War II, as is evident in accounts written by the tightly controlled press.

Renovation

An investigation of the Bavaria statue by experts revealed such serious damage that the statue had to be closed to visitors in 2001. In all, over 30 separate flaws were detected.

In the course of the renovation work which was immediately initiated and cost some one million euros, the raised arm was stabilized and the entire outside surface was cleaned, polished and sealed. A completely new inner circular stairway was built.

In order to help finance the renovation work, replicas in various scales were made based on the one model which had been produced by Schwanthaler, the tip of the small finger, including one that could be used as a drinking vessel, as well as other objects of craftsmanship, all of which, as well as a publication, were sold. Work on the statue continued until the beginning of the Oktoberfest in September 2002.

During the entire period of repair, the statue was hidden under a scaffold, whose outside surfaces were made available for advertising. The base of the statue was not renovated at the time and continues to be in need of repair.

Subsequent casts
In 1907, Oskar von Miller, son of Ferdinand von Millers and founder of the Deutsches Museum in Munich, arranged to have a full-size casting made of the right hand of the Bavaria statue.

It was produced at the Royal Metal Foundry Ferdinand von Miller, consists of the same material as the original (92% copper, 5% zinc, 2% tin, 1% lead), has a wall thickness of 4–8 millimeters, and weighs 420 kilograms.

This copy has been on display ever since in the metallurgy collection of the Deutsches Museum.

title: Bavaria statue


text: File:Plundered Hearts box art.jpg

title: File:Plundered Hearts box art.jpg


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Nikolayevsk (disambiguation)

Nikolayevsk is a town in Volgograd Oblast, Russia.

Nikolayevsk or Nikolaevsk may also refer to:
 * Nikolayevsk Urban Settlement, a municipal formation which the town of district significance of Nikolayevsk in Nikolayevsky District of Volgograd Oblast, Russia is incorporated as
 * Nikolaevsk, Alaska, a town in Alaska, United States
 * Nikolayevsk-on-Amur, a town in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia

title: Nikolayevsk (disambiguation)


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Kafka on the Shore

Kafka on the Shore (海辺のカフカ) is a 2002 novel by Japanese author Haruki Murakami. Its 2005 English translation was among "The 10 Best Books of 2005" from The New York Times and received the World Fantasy Award for 2006. The book tells the stories of the young Kafka Tamura, a bookish 15-year-old boy who runs away from his Oedipal curse, and Satoru Nakata, an old, disabled man with the uncanny ability to talk to cats. The book incorporates themes of music as a communicative conduit, metaphysics, dreams, fate, and the subconscious.

After the release of the book, Murakami allowed for questions about the novel to be sent in, and responded to many of them. The novel was generally well-received, with positive reviews from John Updike and The New York Times.

Title
The title of the book, according to Alan Cheuse of NPR, is suggestive and mysterious to Japanese readers — Franz Kafka is categorized as a Western writer who is well-known by Americans and British people, but is not so in Japan. He compares it to titles such as Genji on the Hudson. Psychoanalyst Hayao Kawai saw special meaning in the name Kafka, as its Japanese version, Kafuka (カフカ), could be a combination of (ka, meaning 'possible' or 'good') and  (fuka, meaning 'bad' or 'unacceptable', the opposite), thus giving the book liminality.

Plot summary
Comprising two distinct but interrelated plots, the narrative runs back and forth between both plots, taking up each plotline in alternating chapters.

The odd-numbered chapters tell the 15-year-old Kafka's story as he runs away from his father's house to escape an Oedipal curse and to embark upon a quest to find his mother and sister. After a series of adventures, he finds shelter in a quiet, private library in Takamatsu, run by the distant and aloof Miss Saeki and the intelligent and more welcoming Oshima. There he spends his days reading the unabridged Richard Francis Burton translation of One Thousand and One Nights and the collected works of Natsume Sōseki until the police begin inquiring after him in connection with the murder of his father that he does not know he has committed. Oshima brings him to the forests of Kōchi Prefecture, where Kafka is ultimately healed.

The even-numbered chapters tell Nakata's story. They start with military reports of a strange incident in Yamanashi Prefecture where multiple children, including Nakata, collapse in the woods – Nakata, after the incident, is the only one of the children who came out of the incident without any memory and unable to read and write. The incident is initially blamed on poisonous gas, but it is later revealed that it was the result of a lustful teacher beating Nakata. Later on in the book, it is shown that due to his uncanny abilities, Nakata has found part-time work in his old age as a finder of lost cats (Murakami's earlier work The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle also involves searching for a lost cat). Having finally located and returned one particular cat to its owners, Nakata finds that the circumstances of the case have put him on a path which, unfolding one step at a time before him, takes the illiterate man far away from his familiar and comforting home territory. Nakata kills a man named Johnnie Walker, a cat murderer. He takes a gigantic leap of faith in going on the road for the first time in his life, unable even to read a map and without knowing where he will eventually end up. He befriends a truck driver named Hoshino, who takes him on as a passenger in his truck and soon becomes very attached to the old man. He heads for Takamatsu, an unknown force driving him there.

Major themes
The power and beauty of music as a communicative medium is one of the central ideas of the novel—the very title comes from a song Kafka is given on a record in the library. The music of Beethoven, specifically the Archduke Trio, is also used as a redemptive metaphor. Metaphysics is also a central concept of the novel as many of the character's dialogues and soliloquy are motivated by their inquiry about the nature of the world around them and their relation to it. Among other prominent ideas are: the virtues of self-sufficiency, the relation of dreams and reality, the threat of fate, the uncertain grip of prophecy, and the influence of the subconscious.

Style
Kafka on the Shore demonstrates Murakami's typical blend of popular culture, mundane detail, magical realism, suspense, humor, an involved plot, and potent sexuality. It also features an increased emphasis on Japanese religious traditions, particularly Shinto. The main characters are significant departures from the typical protagonist of a Murakami novel, such as Toru Watanabe of Norwegian Wood and Toru Okada of The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle, who are typically in their 20s or 30s and have rather humdrum personalities. However, many of the same concepts that were first developed in these and other previous novels re-occur in Kafka on the Shore.

G. W. F. Hegel has an influence on the book and is referenced directly at one point.

Humans

 * Kafka Tamura

The character's true given name is never revealed to the reader. After having run away from home, he chooses the new name "Kafka", in honor of writer Franz Kafka. Kafka is described as being muscular for his age and a "cool, tall, fifteen-year-old boy lugging a backpack and a bunch of obsessions". He's also the son of the famous sculptor Koichi Tamura. His mother and sister left the family when he was four years old and he can't remember their faces. He occasionally interacts with his metaphysical alter ego "The boy named Crow" ("Kafka" sounds like "kavka", which means "jackdaw", a crow-like bird, in Czech). Crow tells Kafka throughout the novel that he must be "the toughest fifteen-year-old in the world" and thus motivates him to pursue the journey of running away from home. It is heavily suggested throughout the novel that he, Miss Saeki, and Nakata are somehow connected by an 'alternate reality' on which metaphysical objects from people's subconsciousness take form leading them to find an 'essence' to their lives in exchange for taking away a 'part' of their soul.

 * Satoru Nakata

Nakata lost many of his mental faculties when he was a child; as one of sixteen schoolchildren on a mushroom-gathering field-trip toward the end of World War II, they were rendered unconscious following a mysterious flash of light in the sky (although it is later revealed that the light wasn't the main cause). This event is referred to in the novel as the "Rice Bowl Hill incident". Unlike the other children, who recovered shortly after, Nakata remained unconscious for many weeks and, upon finally awakening, found that his memory and ability to read had disappeared, as well as his higher intellectual functions (i.e. abstract thinking), essentially making him a "blank slate". In their place, Nakata found he was able to communicate with cats, and from then on, he always referred to himself in the third person. It is hinted that Nakata and Miss Saeki have been through the 'alternate reality' before and it's where they left a 'part' of their 'soul', leading to their shadows being irregular compared to normal people's.
 * Oshima : A 21-year-old, intellectual, haemophiliac, and gay transgender man. He is a librarian and an owner of a cabin in the mountains near Komura Memorial Library who becomes close to Kafka throughout the course of the novel. He becomes the mentor of Kafka as he guides him to the answers that he's seeking on his journey.
 * Hoshino : A truck driver in his mid-twenties. He befriends Nakata, due to his resemblance to his own grandfather, and transports and assists him towards his uncertain goal.
 * Miss Saeki : The manager of a private library, where Oshima works and where Kafka lives through much of the novel. She was previously a singer, and performed the song "Kafka on the Shore", which unites many of the novel's themes. Although her outward appearance makes her look normal, she suffers from an existential crisis after the death of her boyfriend. She journeyed to the 'alternate reality' when she was 15 years old due to her strong desire to keep her happiness forever, eventually discovering the 'essence' used to compose "Kafka on the Shore". However it led to that version of herself 'separating' from her.
 * Sakura : A young woman whom Kafka meets on the bus by chance. She allows him to stay at her apartment during his journey. Kafka has a dream in which he sexually assaults her, something he feels conflicted over, but a later phone conversation suggests she has no knowledge of it, indicating that unlike his other dreams it did not happen in the 'alternate reality'.
 * Johnnie Walker : A cat killer who plans to make a flute out of cats' souls. His name is taken from Johnnie Walker, a brand of Scotch whisky, and he dresses to appear like the man featured in the brand's logo.
 * Colonel Sanders : An 'abstract concept' who takes the form of a pimp or hustler. He is named after, and takes the appearance of, Harland Sanders, the founder and face of Kentucky Fried Chicken. He helps Hoshino to find the 'entrance stone' to the 'alternate reality.'

Cats

 * Goma: A lost cat owned by Mrs. Koizumi.
 * Otsuka: An elderly black cat with whom Nakata easily communicates.
 * Kawamura: A brown cat who was addled after being hit by a bicycle. Though they can communicate, Nakata is unable to understand Kawamura's repetitive and strange sentences.
 * Mimi: An intelligent Siamese cat. Her name comes from "My name is Mimi" in Puccini's opera La bohème.
 * Okawa: A tabby cat.
 * Toro: A black cat that temporarily became an 'abstract concept'.

Analysis
Scholar Michael Seats compared the liminality of the novel to Jacques Derrida's exegesis of the concept of pharmakon. According to Seats, the novel's interpretations can be contradictory, and many can be correct.

Through the lens of psychoanalytic theory, Kafka is a schizoid character suffering from a deep Oedipal curse. Kafka's heart is Kafka, his self-constructed personality, while his unconscious, the one who fulfilled the Oedipal prophecy of father-killing when he turned 15, is Crow. The character Sakura is interpreted as the embodiment of the "healed" personality, who is able to connect to the real world well. Kafka, stuck in the mirror stage, cannot cope with her care, as she has power over the symbolic order. The character Oshima represents the mind-body-spirit split within Kafka. The character Johnny Walker is a symbol of Julia Kristeva's concept of the partially constituted subject.

Understanding the novel
After the story's release, Murakami's Japanese publisher invited readers to submit questions to its website on the meaning of the book. Murakami responded personally to around 1,200 of the 8,000 questions received.

In an interview posted on his English-language website, Murakami says that the secret to understanding the novel lies in reading it several times: "Kafka on the Shore contains several riddles, but there aren't any solutions provided. Instead, several of these riddles combine, and through their interaction the possibility of a solution takes shape.  And the form this solution takes will be different for each reader.  To put it another way, the riddles function as part of the solution.  It's hard to explain, but that's the kind of novel I set out to write".

Reception
Upon release, Kafka on the Shore was generally well-received. According to Book Marks, the book received "positive" reviews based on 9 critic reviews with 5 being "rave" and 1 being "positive" and 3 being "mixed". On Metacritic, the book received a 79 out of 100 based on 29 critic reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Globally, the work was received generally well with Complete Review saying on the consensus "Not quite a consensus, but most enthusiastic (but also with some reservations)".

John Updike described it as a "real page-turner, as well as an insistently metaphysical mind-bender". Since its 2005 English-language release (2006 PEN/Book-of-the-Month Club Translation Prize-winning translation by Philip Gabriel), the novel has received mostly positive reviews and critical acclaim, including a spot on The New York Times 10 Best Books of 2005 and the World Fantasy Award.

Reviews

 * Kafka on the Shore reviews at Exorcising Ghosts
 * Kafka on the Shore review by John Updike at The New Yorker
 * Kafka on the Shore reviews at Metacritic
 * in the Oxonian Review
 * Kafka on the Shore review at Shogokawada
 * Kafka on the Shore review at ARC Review
 * Kafka on the Shore reviews at Complete Review
 * Kafka on the Shore review by Ted Gioia at The New Canon

Interviews

 * Interview with Murakami on Kafka on the Shore at Book Browse

title: Kafka on the Shore


text:
Battlefield (Doctor Who)

Battlefield is the first serial of the 26th season of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in four weekly parts on BBC1 from 6 to 27 September 1989. It was the last to feature Nicholas Courtney as Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart in Doctor Who.

In the serial, Morgaine (Jean Marsh), a sorceress from another dimension, summons the planet-devouring Destroyer (Marek Anton) in England, where she also seeks to take the sword Excalibur for herself. The plot is loosely based on Arthurian legend.

Part 1's 3.1 million viewers represent the lowest ratings of any full episode of Doctor Who

Plot
In response to a distress signal, the Seventh Doctor and Ace materialise the TARDIS near Lake Vortigern in England. At the Gore Crow hotel, they meet a young woman called Shou Yuing and a knight, Ancelyn, who addresses the Doctor as "Merlin". The Doctor shows interest in a scabbard which hangs over the mantelpiece in the hotel. The party is surrounded by an ominous group of knights led by Mordred. When Mordred begins an arcane ritual, the scabbard flies across the room, stirred by the magic. Morgaine then arrives on the scene through a rift in space and time.

The next day, archaeologist Peter Warmsly shows the Doctor where he uncovered the scabbard. Under the lake, The Doctor and Ace find a ruined spaceship containing the body of King Arthur, lying next to a sword. When Ace removes the sword from its plinth, she activates a defence mechanism. The Doctor ejects Ace from the spaceship, sending her shooting up through the water and "becoming" the Lady of the Lake.

Mordred and Morgaine go to the hotel to retrieve Excalibur. Meanwhile, UNIT troops are staging an evacuation, led by Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart. Just as Mordred and Ancelyn are about to fight, the Doctor intervenes. Mordred reveals that the battle was a ruse to lure the Doctor, and that Morgaine has summoned the Destroyer of Worlds.

The Doctor finds the hotel in ruins, but Ace and Shou Yuing safe. In the debris, the Doctor finds a portal to Morgaine's castle. On arrival, the Brigadier shoots the Destroyer, to no effect. Morgaine releases the Destroyer's bonds; she and Mordred take Excalibur back through the portal.

The Brigadier marches back into the castle, tells the Destroyer, "Get off my world!", and empties his revolver (this time loaded with silver bullets) into the monster's chest. It explodes.

Back at the convoy, The Doctor confronts Morgaine, telling her of Arthur's death. Mordred and Morgaine are then imprisoned.

Production
The story was repeated on BBC2 over four consecutive Fridays from 23 April – 14 May 1993, achieving viewing figures of 1.6, 1.2, 1.3, and 1.2 million respectively.

Pre-production
Working titles for this story included Storm Over Avallion. The early story outlines included the death of Lethbridge-Stewart.

In a deleted scene (included on the DVD release) the Doctor refers to one of Clarke's three laws — telling Ace that sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic — to explain the various forms of magical attack used against them by the sorceress Morgaine, and also that Arthur's trans-dimensional spaceship was grown, not built. He adds that the reverse of Clarke's Law is also true.

Production
The first director approached to handle Battlefield was Graeme Harper, who had previously directed The Caves of Androzani and Revelation of the Daleks in 1984 and 1985 respectively. However, Harper was committed to the Central Independent Television drama series Boon, and unavailable to return to Doctor Who.

During recording of the sequence where Ace is trapped in the glass water tank, the glass cracked, causing Sophie Aldred to sustain minor cuts to her hands and creating a major safety hazard as water flooded out onto the studio floor, across which live wires were running. The moment when the tank first cracked can be seen in Part Three as the Doctor struggles with the controls and Ace is lifted clear of the water. Sylvester McCoy shouted out to the stage hands above her to pull her quickly out before the tank exploded.

Cast notes
Nicholas Courtney returned explicitly as the Brigadier for the first time since "The Five Doctors" in 1983, Courtney's small cameo role in 1988's Silver Nemesis having been unidentified. Other guest stars making return appearances in Battlefield include Jean Marsh, who over twenty years earlier had played Princess Joanna in The Crusade and later, companion Sara Kingdom in The Daleks' Master Plan, which had been, coincidentally, Nicholas Courtney's first Doctor Who story; and June Bland, who appeared in the Fifth Doctor story Earthshock.

Angela Bruce later reprised the role of Brigadier Winifred Bambera in the audio play Animal.

In print
Marc Platt's novelisation was published by Target Books in July 1991. Its prologue features the future Merlin Doctor taking the wounded King Arthur aboard the spaceship beneath the lake following the last battle as well as additional information about UNIT and Morgaine's dimension. The final scene implies that the Brigadier is planning to go with Ancelyn back to the other dimension to help restore order, a similar plot point to the ending of the Eighth Doctor Adventures novel The Shadows of Avalon. It was the last novelisation of a televised Doctor Who serial to be published in the traditional "short paperback" format Target had been using since 1973. After one more novelisation based upon the audio story The Pescatons, novelisations were published in paperback editions with greater page counts and a different format.

An audiobook of the Target novelisation was released by BBC Audio on 5 May 2022, read by Toby Longworth.

Home media
Battlefield was released on VHS in March 1998 with two minutes of additional footage. It was released on Region 2 DVD on 26 December 2008 as a Special Edition featuring the original televised story plus a movie-length version featuring extended scenes and new special effects, with its scenes reedited into script order to clarify the story's themes and sequence of events. This serial was also released as part of the Doctor Who DVD Files in issue 59 on 6 April 2011.

The serial was released on blu-ray on 27 January 2020 as part of "The Collection - Season 26" box set. It features, not only the original TV broadcast episodes of Battlefield, but also the extended VHS release episodes as well as a special feature-length extended edition.

Target novelisation

 * On Target — Battlefield
 * On Target — Battlefield

title: Battlefield (Doctor Who)


text: Template:Rail line two routes

title: Template:Rail line two routes


text:
Miles Ogborn

Miles Ogborn is a human geographer at Queen Mary, University of London.

Honors
In 2012 Ogborn was elected as a Fellow of the British Academy. In 2009, Professor Miles Ogborn was selected as a Distinguished Historical Geographer by the Historical Geography Specialty Group of the AAG. With this award, he was also given the opportunity to give a lecture at the Las Vegas AAG which was published in the journal Historical Geography. He was awarded the Philip Leverhulme Prize in 2001 for outstanding contribution to his discipline.

Works
Miles Ogborn has the following research and works:
 * Spaces of Modernity (1998)
 * Indian Ink (2007)
 * Father of Eef (2007)
 * Global Lives (2008)
 * The Freedom of Speech (2019)

title: Miles Ogborn


text:
User:Doctorbigtime

Hi, thanks for visiting my user page.

Interests
I'm interested in:
 * Computer Science
 * Economics
 * Warfare
 * History particularly that of totalitarian regimes
 * Physics
 * Science Fiction
 * and many forms of Art.

title: User:Doctorbigtime


text:
You're All I Need

You're All I Need is the second studio album by soul musicians Marvin Gaye and Tammi Terrell, released in August 1968 on Motown-subsidiary label Tamla Records. Highlighted by three hit singles written by Nickolas Ashford and Valerie Simpson (who composed two of the four hit songs on the first Gaye/Terrell duets LP, United), You're All I Need was recorded throughout 1966 and 1967 and features two Top 10 Billboard Hot 100 hits, "Ain't Nothing Like the Real Thing" and "You're All I Need to Get By". It peaked at #60 on the U.S. Billboard 200 Album Chart. You're All I Need was the two singers' final collaboration effort, as Terrell would become ill following recording, before succumbing to a brain tumor in 1970.

History
The album was recorded in 1966 and 1967 during the time Gaye and Terrell's first collaboration album United was released. After recording You're All I Need, Tammi Terrell collapsed onstage while performing with Gaye at the Hampden–Sydney College homecoming in Virginia. She was later diagnosed with a brain tumor, and could no longer record nor perform live. According to Gaye, the final Gaye/Terrell album, Easy, would be completed by having Valerie Simpson fill in for Tammi Terrell on most of the album's songs, and having Gaye overdub archived Terrell solo tracks for two tracks. Simpson vehemently denies this and says they had to record Tammi's vocals in pieces in order to get the project done, but in the Unsung documentary about Terrell, she admits to singing guide vocals intended for the unavailable Terrell.

Nickolas Ashford and Valerie Simpson produced the singles "Ain't Nothing Like the Real Thing", "Keep On Loving Me Honey," and "You're All I Need to Get By." Harvey Fuqua and Johnny Bristol produced the rhythm tracks and Terrell's vocal for "You Ain't Livin' 'Til You're Lovin'," with Ashford and Simpson completing the production and supervising Gaye's vocal. Fuqua and Bristol also produced "I'll Never Stop Loving You Baby" while Motown CEO Berry Gordy, Jr.'s brother Robert Gordy produced "I Can't Help But Love You." Harvey Fuqua and Johnny Bristol produced "Come On and See Me," "Baby Dont'cha Worry," "Give In, You Just Can't Win," "When Love Comes Knocking At Your Heart," "That's How It Is (Since You've Been Gone)," and "Memory Chest" as Tammi Terrell solo tracks in 1965 and 1966, and had Gaye overdub his vocals to them to create duet versions.

The hit title track was revived 25 years later as a duet between rapper Method Man and hip-hop soul singer Mary J. Blige. Their rendition, titled "I'll Be There for You/You're All I Need", won Method Man and Blige a Grammy Award for Best Rap Vocal Performance by a Duo or Group in 1995.

Side one

 * 1) "Ain't Nothing Like the Real Thing" (Nickolas Ashford, Valerie Simpson)
 * 2) "Keep on Lovin' Me Honey" (Ashford, Simpson)
 * 3) "You're All I Need to Get By" (Ashford, Simpson)
 * 4) "Baby Don't Cha Worry" (Johnny Bristol, Jackie Beavers)
 * 5) "You Ain't Livin' till You're Lovin'" (Ashford, Simpson)
 * 6) "Give In, You Just Can't Win" (Harvey Fuqua, Bristol)

Side two

 * 1) "When Love Comes Knocking At My Heart" (Fuqua, Bristol, Gladys Knight, Vernon Bullock)
 * 2) "Come on and See Me" (Fuqua, Bristol)
 * 3) "I Can't Help But Love You" (Robert Gordy, Thomas Kemp, Marvin Gaye)
 * 4) "That's How It Is (Since You've Been Gone)" (Fuqua, Bristol, Bullock)
 * 5) "I'll Never Stop Loving You Baby" (Fuqua, Bristol, Beatrice Verdi)
 * 6) "Memory Chest" (Fuqua, Bristol)

Credits

 * Lead (and additional background) vocals by Marvin Gaye and Tammi Terrell
 * Background vocals by Nickolas Ashford, Valerie Simpson, The Originals, The Andantes and The Spinners
 * Instrumentation by The Funk Brothers

title: You're All I Need


text: Template:British Coins

title: Template:British Coins


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User talk:Soky~enwiki

Welcome to the Wikipedia
I noticed you were new, and wanted to share some links I thought useful:

 * Tutorial
 * Help desk
 * Foundation issues
 * Policy Library

For more information click  here . You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

Sam Spade 16:25, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Soky. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Soky~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 02:47, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 19:02, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Soky~enwiki


text: User talk:63.147.48.242

title: User talk:63.147.48.242


text: Category:West Semitic deities

title: Category:West Semitic deities


text:
User:Charles Matthews/Imperial Japan

This page is used to keep track of edits on the Empire of Japan and WWII topics from the editor(s) User:Wlad k, User:Reader72, User:Writer22, User:Writer23, User:Writer 34, editing also from IP numbers 200.46.X.Y. (More recently, User:Torn23, User:Torb37.)

Signature vocabulary: autorities, cominzed (began), distacated, figth, figther, foreing, ideed (conceived), partidaire (supporter), reconoited (observed), reconossaince, subdits (subjects), Wehrmatch

Most of these pages have needed clean-up; they do not need to go to AfD, where I have seen some very intolerant comments made. The work of many editors is gradually bringing these pages up to standard, as work-in-progress.

Empire

 * Empire of Japan (culture, religion and education)
 * Empire of Japan (financial data)
 * Empire of Japan (additional economic and financial data)
 * Empire of Japan (foreign commerce and shipping), Japanese exterior Commerce during WW2 Times, Japanese exterior Commerce
 * Empire of Japan (growth of industry), Observations of Japanese modernization:(1868-1930)
 * Japanese heavy industry (1930-1945)
 * Empire of Japan (internal politics 1914-1944)
 * Empire of Japan (mining)
 * Empire of Japan (natural resources, Asia mainland and Pacific areas, after 1937)
 * Transportation in the Empire of Japan
 * Empire of Japan (wartime economy in occupied lands)
 * List of Japanese political and military incidents
 * Munitions Ministry (Japan)
 * Imperial Youth Corps
 * Imperial Youth Federation
 * Imperial Farmers Association
 * Imperial Volunteer Corps
 * Tonarigumi
 * Information Department of the Imperial Japanese Government
 * Taisei Yokusankai
 * Nation Service Society
 * Fleet Faction
 * Treaty Faction
 * Police services of the Empire of Japan
 * League of Diet Members Believing the Objectives of the Holy War
 * Social Troubles Institute
 * Showa Studies Society
 * Ordinary life in Japan during WWII
 * Opposition at home to the Japanese government (WWII)
 * Kokuhonsha
 * Xenophobia in Japan (WWII)
 * Japanese-planned Republic of the Far East

Politics

 * Japanese nationalism
 * Japanese fascism
 * Japanese Fascism:the bases to conduct at Japanese Nationalism deleted via VfD - reference only
 * Additional comments of Japanese fascism
 * List of Japanese nationalist movements and parties
 * List of Japanese political and civil figures since World War II
 * Militarism-Socialism, Militarist-socialist
 * Socialist thinking and the Empire of Japan
 * Some traditional political parties in Japanese Empire
 * Elements of Japanese Fascism
 * Japanese political and military nationalist organizations
 * Imperial Japanese Army politics and background
 * Comparison of European Fascism with Japanese ideology
 * Japanese nationalist ideas in the feudal period
 * Japanese nationalists thinking development in Meiji epoch
 * Japanese nationalist thinking during Yamato Empire
 * List of nationalist Japanese symbols
 * Eugenics measures in Japanese Empire
 * Overseas political parties and movements with Japanese support
 * Japanese central government (WWII)

Other

 * Bibliography on Imperial Japan and its exterior provinces
 * Dai Nippon Koku KK
 * Double Leaf Society
 * Japanese agriculture before WWII
 * Japanese campaigns of the Second Sino-Japanese War
 * Japanese demography before WWII
 * Japanese finances before and during WWII
 * Japanese-German pre-WWII industrial co-operation
 * Japanese mining and energy resources (WWII)
 * List of major Japanese institutions (1930-1945)
 * NYK Line
 * Organization of Japanese Intelligence Secret Services
 * List of Japanese secret agents (1930s to World War Two)
 * List of Japanese supporters of the WWII period
 * List of East Asian leaders in the Japanese sphere of influence (1931-1945)
 * Japanese military-political doctrines in the Showa period
 * Japanese nationalism: ideological development from the 1920s to 1945
 * List of military and naval figures of the Empire of Japan (1930-45)
 * Japanese Collaboration in Axis Plans
 * Keishicho (to 1945)
 * Tokko
 * Tokeitai
 * Shintoist Rites Research Council
 * Rikugun Shikan Gakko
 * Japanese veterans in overseas interventions (1894-1927)
 * List of graduates of the Japanese Imperial Military Academies
 * List of Japanese Navy Air Force aces (Mitsubishi A6M)
 * List of tanks and armoured vehicles of the Imperial Japanese Navy
 * Structure of the Taiwan Army of Japan
 * Organization of the Kwantung Army of Japan
 * Organization of the Chosen Army of Japan
 * Organization of the Imperial Japanese Army, Hokkai (North) region
 * White Russian Puppet State in Outer Manchuria
 * List of Japanese carriers and land air corps equipped with the Mitsubishi Zero
 * List of weapons on Japanese combat aircraft
 * List of artillery weapons of the Imperial Japanese Navy
 * List of infantry weapons of the Imperial Japanese Navy
 * List of bombs used by the Imperial Japanese Army
 * List of special weapons of the Imperial Japanese Army
 * List of radar models of the Imperial Japanese Navy
 * List of special weapons of the Imperial Japanese Navy
 * List of bombs used by the Imperial Japanese Navy
 * List of active participants in the February 26 incident
 * Organization of Japanese forces in Dutch Indies
 * Organization of Japanese forces in the Philippines
 * Organization of Japanese units in Singapore
 * Organization of the Imperial Japanese Army Burma Area Detachment
 * Structure of the Imperial Japanese forces in the South Pacific Mandate
 * Organization of Japanese forces in Southeast Asia
 * Organization of Imperial Japanese Army forces in the Pacific
 * Organization of the Imperial Japanese Army Indochina Garrison
 * Organization of the Imperial Japanese Central China Army
 * Organization of the Imperial Japanese South China Army
 * Structure of the Japanese Army in Mengjiang
 * Organization of the Imperial Japanese North China Army
 * List of Japanese armored divisions
 * Invasion of the Andaman islands, March 1942
 * List of nationalist Japanese symbols
 * Captured German equipment in Soviet use on the Eastern front
 * Planned invasion of Australia during World War II
 * List of Imperial Japanese Army Air Force Service personnel (WWII)

Overseas

 * Siberian natural resources
 * South Pacific Mandate
 * Japanese administration in the South Pacific Mandate
 * Yen block
 * List of Japanese military overseas advisers of WWII

China

 * Dadao government (Shanghai 1937-1940)
 * Kwantung Army and Nationalist Movements
 * Reformed Government of the Republic of China

Karafuto

 * Evacuation of Karafuto and Kuriles
 * Governor-General of Karafuto
 * Japanese administration of the Kuril Islands
 * Organization of Kita and Minani Fortresses
 * Organization of Karafuto Fortress
 * Karafuto Prefecture, list of cities in Karafuto
 * Political divisions of Karafuto Province (1905-1945)

Manchukuo

 * Central Bank of Manchou
 * Evacuation of Manchukuo
 * Court of Manchukuo
 * List of Japanese and Manchu secret agents (Manchukuo)
 * List of Manchukuoan figures
 * National symbols of Manchukuo
 * Political parties and movements in Manchukuo
 * List of weapons of the Manchukuo Imperial forces
 * Yuan of Manchukuo
 * Manchukuo (administration)
 * Manchukuo (financial, industrial and commercial data)
 * Manchukuo (Japanese investment in industry)
 * Manchukuo and Mengchiang (agriculture, farming, lumber and fishing)
 * Manshukoku Hikoki Seizo KK
 * Manshukoku Koku KK
 * Manchukuo (opium monopoly)
 * Showa Steel Works
 * Salt Rates Palace

Mengjiang

 * Mongolian Royal Family
 * National symbols of Mengjiang
 * Mengjiang national army
 * Japanese mineral investment in Mengjiang

Mongolia

 * Red Mongolian Army
 * Red Mongolian Army tanks and armour of WWII

Weaponry

 * Type 92 Heavy Machine Gun
 * Type 99 Light Machine Gun
 * Type 96 Light Machine Gun
 * Type 11 Light Machine Gun
 * Type 44 Cavalry Rifle
 * Type 38 Rifle
 * Type 1 Heavy Machine Gun
 * Vulcan Air Defense System
 * Reinmetall 20 mm Twin Anti-Aircraft Canon
 * Type 98 20 mm AA Half-Track Vehicle
 * Type 98 20 mm Half-Track Vehicle
 * M42 40 mm Self-Propelled Anti-Aircraft Gun
 * 75 mm M51 Anti-Aircraft Gun
 * Type 81 Surface to Air Missile
 * Type 3 Heavy Machine Gun
 * M42 40 mm Self-Propelled Anti-Aircraft Gun
 * Type 98 20mm Half-Track Vehicle
 * Type 98 20 mm AAG Tank "Ho-Ki"
 * KAI
 * Type 81 Surface to Air Missile Modify
 * Model 96 25 mm AT/AA Gun
 * Type 97 20 mm AT/AA Rifle
 * Vickers Type 40 mm AT/AA Gun
 * Type 99 Rifle
 * Type 98 20 mm AAG Tank
 * 20 mm AA Machine Cannon Carrier Truck
 * Type 96 AA Gun Prime Mover
 * Type 5 15 cm AA Gun
 * Type 3 12 cm AA Gun
 * Type 14 10 cm AA Gun
 * Type 99 88 mm AA Gun
 * Type 4 75 mm AA Gun
 * Type 88 75 mm AA Gun
 * Type 11 75 mm AA Gun
 * AA Mine Discharger
 * Type 4 20 m Twin AA Machine Cannon
 * 20 mm Twin AA Machine Cannon
 * Type 2 20 mm AA Machine Cannon
 * Type 98 20 mm AA Machine Cannon
 * Type 4 Heavy Machine Gun
 * TERA Rifle
 * List of Japanese tanks and armoured vehicles of the WWII period
 * Aichi E13A

War

 * Senjinkun military code
 * Japanese overseas armed actions, first period
 * Japanese overseas armed actions, second period
 * Japanese overseas armed actions, third period
 * Kempeitai Political Department and Epidemic Prevention Research Laboratory
 * Nakamura Diary

 * Christmas Island invasion
 * Changteh chemical weapon attack
 * Taihoku Air Strike
 * Type 94 Disinfecting Vehicle and Type 94 Gas Scattering Vehicle
 * Chinese armies in the Second Sino-Japanese War
 * Japanese development of nuclear energy
 * Japanese Secret and Special Weapons
 * Japanese strategic planning for mainland Asia (1905-1940)
 * Japanese strategic planning for the Pacific (1905-1940)

 * War crimes in Manchukuo
 * Japanese war crimes in mainland Asia
 * Japanese war crimes in the Pacific
 * War Crimes in the Pacific
 * Kaimingye Disease Weapon Attack, Kaimingye germ Weapon Attack

 * Imperial Japanese Army (tank warfare)
 * List of Japanese military equipment of World War II
 * Present Land Expansion and some Special Strikes Plans of Axis, Expansion plans of the Axis
 * State Major Chutai
 * List of Pro-Axis Leaders and Governments or Direct Control in Occupied Territories
 * Personnel involved in the development of the kamikaze defensive tactic
 * Giretsu special forces operations

There is another article, Manchurian incident, but I don't know what to make of it. Seems like a minor battle to me, to be merged in a larger article Japanese invasion of Manchuria
 * The Manchurian Incident -> Mukden Incident
 * First Shanghai Incident -> Battle of Shanghai (1932)
 * Operation Nekka = First Battle of Hopei / Hebei
 * The China Incident -> Marco Polo Bridge Incident
 * Operation Quhar = Operation Chahar
 * Second Shanghai Incident -> Battle of Shanghai (1937)
 * Battle of Hsuchou = Battle of Xuzhou
 * Operation Nanchang
 * Operation Ichi-Go = Battle of Henan-Hunan-Guangxi
 * Battle of Xiushui River
 * Szechwan Invasion = Sichuan invasion

 * Japanese Army and Navy Strategies for South Seas areas(1942) (new!)

 * Manchukuo Imperial Guards
 * Dates of Chinese Economy in Wartimes(1937-44) -> was redirected to Economy of China (disambig)
 * Shantung Incident
 * Takijiro Onishi
 * Teijiro Toyoda

Historical

 * East Tartary
 * Fuyori, Fuyioru
 * Haishenwei
 * Holungkiang
 * Hulun
 * Oonori
 * Outer Manchuria
 * Shang-Pai-Shan

WWII

 * Reichskommissariat Moskau
 * Reichskommissariat Kaukasus
 * Sluzk Affair
 * Belarusian Central Rada
 * Organization of Japanese Expeditionary forces in China
 * Zuman Affair
 * Luftwaffe Central (Weissrutenische) detachment (Luftflotte 6, Belarus)
 * Luftwaffe Northern (Arctic) detachment(Luftflotte 5)(Finland-Norway)
 * PTO-4
 * Luftwaffe North (Ostland) detachment (Luftflotte 1, Baltic Area)
 * Luftwaffe Southern (Balkan-Ukraine) detachment (Luftflotte 4, Romania-Hungary)
 * Luftwaffe Northern (Arctic) detachment(Luftflotte 5)(Finland-Norway)
 * Xing'an
 * Captured armour in German use on the Eastern Front
 * Western Front (Frankreich) Area (Luftflotte 3, France)
 * Luftwaffe units before the 1939 invasion of Poland

 * British diplomatic peace proposes also political struggle between Toho Kai and Kodoha groups in 1942
 * British diplomatic action and political movements in Japan during 1942

Clean-up

 * Muhammad Amin Bughra
 * Ma Hun-shan
 * Republic of Eastern Turkestan and Axis Powers Links
 * 1939 Japanese Expedition to Tibet
 * Nanshin-ron
 * Suomen Ilmavoimat (WWII)
 * Ejercito del Aire (WWII)
 * Manshukoku Hombu
 * List of Japanese government and military commanders of World War II
 * 1939 German expedition to Tibet
 * Ichizo Kobayashi
 * Ordinary life in Japan during WWII
 * Eugenics in Showa Japan
 * Yoriyasu Arima
 * Politics of Manchukuo
 * Socialist thought in Imperial Japan
 * Empire of Japan (internal politics 1914-1944)

Prods

 * 1930s Hindu Nationalist Support to German Cause
 * List of WWII German Aircraft Factories
 * Vazhdushnite na Negovo Velichestvo Voyski
 * List of WWII Foreign Aircraft Engines and Weapons in Soviet Use
 * List of WWII Military and Civil Leaders Transport Aircrafts
 * Fuerza Aerea Nacional (1939)
 * List of WWII aircraft engines and weapons in use by Spanish Air Force
 * List of WWII aircraft engines and weapons in use by Manchu Air Force
 * List of WWII Axis Powers Air Forces
 * List of WWII aircraft engines and weapons in use by Slovakian Air Force
 * List of WWII Romanian Tanks and Armours
 * Kongtap Agard Thai
 * List of WWII Soviet Aircrafts Companies
 * Others Japanese Army units distacated in Chinese Front
 * Japanese Geopolitics prewar and wartimes (WW2)
 * Home Defense Units during WWII (Japan)
 * Organization of the Chosen Army of Japan
 * Japanese Central Chinese-Japanese War/World War II Government Cabinet

 * 61: -
 * 205:
 * 215: * -

 * Other IPs:

title: User:Charles Matthews/Imperial Japan


text:
User talk:Lordstorm

List of Old Road Routes in Melb/Victoria
Don't hesitate to ask me if you need anymore route shields. I would prefer that I do them all as I have set them up in the Wikimedia Commons, completely With Templates/Categories & In Full SVG Format. Just let me know what you want and I'll fire them up ASAP. - Boochan 14:03, 18 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Heh, cheers for that - I see you noticed my unsteady attempt at the old National 8 route sign as well. At this time the only Melbourne routes that need doing is 11-49, so if there's any gaps between that run (as Melbourne uses all of them), they'll need to be filled in if you could be so kind. I'll eventually go on to do rural Victoria (routes 100-199) later on down the track, but I'll let you know what I need, and then I'll eventually go on and cover the entirety of Victoria's M-A-B-C routes (but I need to gather more data first). Thanks again! Lordstorm 17:09, 18 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Ah, could I also request a Tourist Route 2 shield as well? Cheers! Lordstorm 17:10, 18 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Sorry, Forgot about the page yesterday. I made a Tourist Route 2 Shield Just then - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Australian_Tourist_Route_2.svg - Boochan 16:57, 19 July 2006 (UTC)

All Routes you requested have being uploaded and are ready to use. - Boochan 03:24, 21 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Again, all routes that you have requested are uploaded and ready for use. - Boochan 11:13, 28 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Again, all routes that you have requested today are uploaded and ready for use. - Boochan 09:54, 4 August 2006 (UTC)

road in foboxes
Just looking at the infoboxes you put on Cross Road and Anzac Highway. Do you think the infobox needs the "suburbs along road" property? That is well-handled in the articles already. Also, there are a LOT of suburbs along some of the bigger roads like Anzac Highway. Do you think it'd seem clunky? — Donama 03:21, 4 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Well, actually there were none at all listed in Anzac Highway. As for Cross Road, Adelaide, the same template is used for all roads with the infobox. Granted, for short roads in built-up suburbs this may be somewhat repetitive - and in the case of Cross Road, I didn't include many for this reason, the article already lists these - but there's only so much you can put in an infobox (it is, of course, for quick facts and info) without it looking unsightly. Naturally, I tend to put more important or larger or strategic suburbs (hence my inclusion of Plympton and Morphetville), but users are of course are free to add more suburbs they feel are probably more important. This may sound, er, somewhat anal, but when dealing with larger roads (eg: Gregory Highway, Pacific Highway, Stuart Highway) major towns can clock up rather quickly. Lordstorm 10:32, 4 August 2006 (UTC)

Farscape Episodes
Seeing that you have spent a lot of time on the List of Farscape episodes page, thought I'd let you know we've started creating articles for individual episodes. So far, I have created them for the entire first season although many are just place holders at the moment. Obviously, much new info will be needed (expanded synopsis, pop culture references, production trivia). RoyBatty42 19:47, 8 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the heads-up: I'll continue with my efforts and happily try to populate these new pages! Lordstorm 18:11, 11 January 2007 (UTC)

I switched my user name to SteveCoppock last summer in an effort to improve things on Wiki, so I didn't see your note about the edit wars until 5 minutes ago. I've stopped editing many pop culture articles because of the lack of common sense about such things. Too many anal retentive types who get far more enjoyment out of arguing about such minutia than actually being constructive. Ironic that at the moment, when you do Google searches one of the first hits is almost always a wiki one. RoyBatty42 (talk) 01:02, 8 March 2008 (UTC)

London Meetup - January 12, 2008
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Image:Oconnellstdublin.jpg
Hi, are you the Adrian Whitehead that took this picture? If so, would please change the image description to mention explicitly that the uploader and the author is the same person? Thanks in advance, Anrie (talk) 08:03, 12 May 2008 (UTC)

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Invitation to Wikipedia meetup in London

Date: 13:00 onwards, Sunday 10 August 2008

Venue: Penderel's Oak pub, Holborn WC1 map

More information: Meetup/London 12

Hello,

I noticed that you have listed yourself as a Wikipedian in London, so I thought you might like to come to one of our monthly social meetups. The next one is going to be on Sunday 10 August, which might well be rather short notice, but if you can't come this time, we try to have one every second Sunday of the month.

If you haven't been before, these meetups are mainly casual social events for Wikipedia enthusiasts in which we chat about Wikipedia and any other topics we fancy. It's a great way to meet some very keen Wikipedians, but we'd also love for you to come along if you're interested in finding out more about Wikipedia, other Wikimedia projects, or other collaborative wiki projects too.

The location is a pub that is quite quiet and family friendly on a Sunday lunchtime, so hopefully younger Wikipedians will also feel welcome and safe. Alcohol consumption is certainly not required!

Although the meetups are popular, many UK-based editors still don't know about them. It would be great to welcome some fresh faces, so I hope you can come along.

Yours,

James F. (talk) 09:27, 3 August 2008 (UTC)

Please forgive the slightly impersonal mass-invite!

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Hope we'll see you there, (and apologies for the talk page spam) - Chase me ladies, I'm the Cavalry (talk) 23:22, 12 December 2010 (UTC)

The Contribution Team cordially invites you to Imperial College London All Hail The Muffin Nor does it taste nice... 14:35, 6 February 2011 (UTC)

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List of road routes in Victoria (numeric)
Hi Lordstorm. Thanks for your work on adding to and updating this article. I have made and uploaded state route markers for the newly-listed routes that were missing them. If you ever need any more route markers, you can ask me on my talk page, or at WT:AURD (any issues with Australian road articles), or at WP:HWY/RM (global route marker request page). Cheers, - Evad37 [talk] 02:16, 12 September 2015 (UTC)
 * Cheers, returning back to the Wikipedia Australian Roads project after a prolonged break from Wikipedia, focussing on Melbourne/Victorian/National routes. Thanks for the extra road-shields: yes, I'll need some more made, if you wouldn't mind: Alternative National Route 39, Alternative National Route 79, and Alternative State Route 153. Thanks! Lordstorm (talk) 16:36, 12 September 2015 (UTC)
 * ✅: - Evad37 [talk] 01:25, 13 September 2015 (UTC)
 * @Evad37 Can you also make National Routes 25 and 43??? Thanks, 193.119.107.134 (talk) 06:48, 5 March 2021 (UTC)

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street map edit
are you any good ? can we get the two parts of Glebe Point Road joined ? pesky class distinctions Dave Rave (talk) 01:49, 17 September 2021 (UTC)
 * Heh no, sorry, I have no idea what voodoo runs Street Map! Lordstorm (talk) 08:31, 17 September 2021 (UTC)

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South Gippsland Highway
Hi, according to Google Maps, A21 is live. I haven't seen much other new routes other than a couple collectors in the west and east so yeah some others aren't live. Jordf32123 (talk) 10:03, 26 October 2021 (UTC)
 * Heya,
 * Google Maps is not a reliable source, as outlined previously. Plus, I have taken a recent drive down the entire length between Tooradin and Dandenong, and with the exception of a sole instance on a brand-new sign at the (freshly-reconstructed) intersection with Princes Highway, no A21 signs can be seen....and one sign does not make an entire route. This is why it has not been added. Lordstorm (talk) 10:14, 26 October 2021 (UTC)
 * They did rebadge Plenty Road, and some of the signs are also out of date. Jordf32123 (talk) 10:02, 30 October 2021 (UTC)
 * Also up to 2013, NSW roads articles said "Proposed ___ to replace __" in the infoboxes, so maybe utilise that Jordf32123 (talk) 10:05, 30 October 2021 (UTC)
 * Yes, because Plenty Road was also listed in the SRNS - which is a reliable source - as route A51, so we had definite details exactly where the new route started and ended; the South Gippsland Highway is still listed as M420 with no references as anything else.
 * If you can find a reliable source that confirms the proposed route for that road, and cite that source as a reference, then sure, add that to an infobox. But until those conditions are met, then no, as it's speculation otherwise. Lordstorm (talk) 00:55, 1 November 2021 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Lordstorm


text:
User talk:Shao

Revert warring
Please refrain from undoing other people's edits repeatedly. Users who perform a large number of reversions may be blocked for edit warring, even if they do not technically violate the three-revert rule. Rather than reverting, discuss disputed changes on the talk page. The revision you want is not going to be implemented by edit warring. Thank you. --Irpen 20:33, 27 January 2007 (UTC)
 * 1. Please, demand the same from other users, who repeatedly revert my edits in "Ukrainian postal codes" article.
 * 2. Even in case of acceptance russian users' demand of exclusively russian transliteration of ukrainian words in English, hyperliks to redirect pages can not break any Wikipedia rules. Please, let it know to fanatics of the russian spelling. Thank you very much indeed! --Shao 21:39, 27 January 2007 (UTC)

Shao, if you continue this revert warring, I will have to report you. I am tired of it. Please help developing the articles instead. --Irpen
 * I do not doubt. Every russian patriot cannot tolerate neither existance of any Ukrainian word, nor the world without squeals. BTW, my reverts do not break any Wikipedia rules. --Shao 20:57, 28 January 2007 (UTC)

 * I will not comment on your ethnic talk nor on the speculation about my ethnicity and/or political views. I advise you to not comment on those in the future. --Irpen 21:00, 28 January 2007 (UTC)
 * OK. So, just don't accuse me, if I don't break local rules.--Shao 21:04, 28 January 2007 (UTC)

Revert warring is a violation and will get you blocked unless you stop it. --Irpen 21:13, 28 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Do I understand correctly that other participants of this warring should be blocked as well? Or this rule's application is strictly selective?--Shao 21:17, 28 January 2007 (UTC)

 * The rule is that if the user's particular edit is reverted by multiple others, it means that the said user is acting against consensus. By persisting with revert warring disregarding the consensus, the user disrupts the normal editing process. --Irpen 21:21, 28 January 2007 (UTC)

Shao, it is common to see hot discussions over the titles of the articles. If it is the case then it is usually a good idea to use the title name in all the references to the articles (unless there are strong reasons to use an alternative name). That way we have only one discussion over the name not one hundred discussions and the readers do not get confused. Both Odessa/Odesa and Kiev/Kyiv are large cities, known to the English readers. We have to use WP:EN the common names in English (we do not want to change all Moscows into Moskvas or Petersburgs into Peterburgs, do we?) It looks like Odessa and Kiev are way more common than the alternative names, that is why after the long discussions the names were adopted as the article title. Please do not restart the discussion in the million places. And yes, we have WP:DE and WP:3RR policies: users who frequently revert without discussion against a consensus of many other users are usually eventually get blocked. Please concentrate on the creating context rather than edit war over names Alex Bakharev 22:31, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

Redirect pages usage

 * See hyperlinks in article Reniyskyi Raion to Budzhak and Bugeac. They both are redirects to Budjak. Why it's allowed to use redirects for this geographic area, but prohibited for Kyiv, Odesa, Kharkiv etc.?
 * But in general: I had already comprehended (after the stories with Moldovan and Siberian Wikipedias)that it's impossible to beat a russian patriotic lobby in English Wiki, so it's no sense to convince me of this again. I'll just try to do what is possible for my humble capacities. --Shao 00:05, 30 January 2007 (UTC)

I have no relation to the article of Reniyskyi Raion and Budjak. If you feel the redirects are abused you are welcome to fix the problem. Regarding Kiev and Odessa there was an extensive discussion. If you have new arguments just file a WP:RM for the articles. Do not be ridiculous it is very easy to to beat the "Russian patriotic lobby" (two active and handful semi-active editors out of thousand wikipedians). WP:SOAPboxing of any persuasion is indeed not tolerated. Alex Bakharev 01:52, 30 January 2007 (UTC)
 * I don't express any propaganda in Wikipedia articles. More over, I don't have a feeling of abused redirects. But I have a strong feeling that redirects are allowed to use in Wikipedia, aren't they? --Shao 10:30, 30 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Please take a look at conversation I have started. May be we can do something about this in a good faith.--Bryndza 14:26, 30 January 2007 (UTC)

Shao, I specifically asked you above to desist from endless revert wars. I also rerquested someone to talk you out of continued disruption but not block you despite you caused enough disruption by endless revert warring. But please understand that I am now asking you to stop it for the one last time. If you continue the revert warring, I will report you for disruption and you will certainly be blocked. Please propose the changes you want to the Wikipedia naming conventions rather than carry the revert wars to force the changes that contradict the convention. Please take this warning seriously. --Irpen 18:10, 30 January 2007 (UTC)
 * My arguments are here. But I am sure that they won't be taken into account (see reasons before). --Shao 18:20, 30 January 2007 (UTC)

Regarding reversions made on January 30 2007 to Ukrainian postal codes
You have been temporarily blocked for violation of the three-revert rule. Please feel free to return after the block expires, but also please make an effort to discuss your changes further in the future. The duration of the block is 8 hours. William M. Connolley 19:31, 30 January 2007 (UTC)

Non-free use disputed for Image:Odesa emblem.gif
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Please use edit summaries
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Skype
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Adding interwikis to templates
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title: User talk:Shao