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Jamie Luner

Jamie Luner (born May 12, 1971) is an American actress. She is widely known for her roles as Cindy Lubbock on Just the Ten of Us (1988–1990), Peyton Richards on Savannah (1996–1997), Lexi Sterling on Melrose Place (1997-1999) and Rachel Burke on Profiler (1999-2000). More recently, she portrayed Liza Colby on All My Children (2009–2011) and Cassie Siletti on Murder in the First (2015-2016).

Early life
Jamie Luner was born in Palo Alto, California on May 12, 1971 to Susan and Stuart Luner. She has an older brother, David Luner, who also has had a robust career in entertainment business. Luner attended Beverly Hills High School. Luner was heavily involved in the drama department during her high school career, and at age fifteen she won LA's Shakespeare Festival for the Individual Monologues category in 1988.

In between filming Growing Pains and Just the Ten of Us, Luner and her mom moved to New York to pursue Jamie's studies in entertainment. During 1986-1987, she attended the PCS Professional Children's School, which was established for providing working youth in the entertainment business with a basic education and curriculum. Simultaneously, she also studied at HB Studios to study dance with prominent musical theater savant Ann Reinking.

At age sixteen, the producers of Growing Pains asked her to audition for their new spin-off Just the Ten of Us, and upon being cast for the role, Luner returned to California.

In 1994, when Luner was just 23, she decided to pursue her passion for cooking and attended one of LA's top culinary schools, the Epicurean School of Culinary Arts, to study the fundamentals of fine french cuisine.

Following three and a half decades worth of starring in films and television, in 2011 Luner went on to receive a masters in Spiritual Psychology at the University of Santa Monica. "'I love learning and I wanted to further my education. I've always been on the spiritual path, and as a storyteller, the human psyche truly fascinates me. Brilliantly, school was set up as 'experiential learning,' so what I didn't expect was the profound internal transformation that occurred. It's been the gift that keeps on giving.'"

1975–1994
Luner's first role was playing the daughter of Suzanne Somers in a Crown Tissues commercial in 1975 at just four years old. From then on, she appeared regularly in commercials, making ten of them before the age of nine. Luner made her first television show appearance when she landed the role as the infamous Sheena ‘Woo Woo' Berkowitz in the hit sitcom Growing Pains (1987-1990). Although she was cast in only one episode to play one of three prom dates of main character Mike Seaver who was played by Kirk Cameron, she was often referenced throughout the rest of the series.

The very next year, Luner went on to star as Cindy Lubbock in the Growing Pains spinoff, Just the Ten of Us (1988–1990), where she played the daughter of Coach Graham Lubbock portrayed by actor Bill Kirchenbauer. It also starred Heather Langenkamp, Brooke Theiss and JoAnn Willette as Luner's fictional sisters.

She went on to play in Married… with Children (1992) on Fox with Christina Applegate and Ed O'Neill and the police drama Reasonable Doubts (1993) alongside Marlee Matlin.

Following her roles in these series, she landed her first film lead in 1993 as Diana Moffitt in a television movie Moment of Truth: Why My Daughter?, starring opposite Linda Gray and Antonio Sabàto, Jr..

Luner continued with a succession of television films, most notably Confessions of a Sorority Girl (1994) which debuted on Showtime and was directed by Uli Edel and co-starred Alyssa Milano.

Her first role in a multitude of crime dramas was Diagnosis Murder (1994), with renowned actor Dick Van Dyke.

1994–2000
In 1994, Luner expanded her education and passion for cooking and joined the Epicurean School of Culinary Arts which taught classical French cuisine in Los Angeles, California."'I grew up in a very food-oriented family, a lot of cooking, a lot of eating, and I have a passion for it, so I put myself through culinary school.'" Luner's major rise to prominence came in 1996, when she was cast for the first of many times by well-known producer Aaron Spelling. She joined the series as southern vixen Peyton Richards in the prime-time soap opera, Savannah (1996–1997), which was the signature show on the newly-launched WB Television Network. Luner starred alongside other notable actors such as Robyn Lively, Shannon Sturges, George Eads, Ray Wise, and Mimi Kennedy. Luner had moved to Atlanta, Georgia during the filming of this series, and once it concluded, bought an airstream and traveled the United States for eight months before landing on a lot in Malibu.

It was not long before Spelling then invited her to play Lexi Sterling on the iconic television series Melrose Place (1997-1999), for which Luner's performance gained global recognition. During these final two and a half seasons, the show followed her rivalry with Amanda Woodward played by Heather Locklear, ultimately portraying Luner's character as the alpha female.

Soon thereafter, Luner received an invitation from the NBC network to replace Ally Walker on Profiler (1997-2000). She played the role as Rachel Burke alongside Robert Davi, Roma Maffia, and Julian McMahon until the show came to a close at the end of its fourth season in 2000.

Luner's character also appeared in a cross-over episode on The Pretender (1998-2000), a television series that had a shared universe with Profiler.

2000–2020
Following the conclusion of Profiler, Luner starred alongside Michael Madsen and Diane Farr in the thriller Sacrifice (2000).

In November of the same year, she played in The Drew Carey Show (2000), with eponymous host Drew Carey.

Around that time, Luner also decided to attend a program at a cake decorating school for eight months.

Luner had guest appearances on several series including That's Life (2001) and CSI: Miami (2002) with David Caruso.

Between 2003-2004, Luner was cast as a series regular in another Spelling drama to play the role as Senior Deputy Ryan Layne in 10-8: Officers on Duty with Ernie Hudson and Danny Nucci.

In 2004, Luner guest-starred in an episode of NCIS, with well-known actors Mark Harmon and Michael Weatherly.

In the early 2000's, Luner starred in many thrillers such as Stranger in My Bed (2005), Blind Injustice (2005), The Suspect (2006), The Perfect Marriage (2006).

In 2006, she also guest-starred in The War at Home with Michael Rapaport, and Rami Malek. And in 2007, she had a guest appearance in CSI: Crime Scene Investigation with Marg Helgenberger on CBS.

Another one of Luner's most well-known works was as a series regular in All My Children (2009-2011) as Liza Colby for 296 episodes, with Chrishell Stause and Susan Lucci.

Luner went on to pursue her lifelong passion in spiritual wellness. She attended USM during 2011 and 2012, ultimately learning life-lasting skills and knowledge on self-awareness and healing.

Following the conclusion of this series, Luner had a guest appearance in the cult classic dark fantasy Supernatural (2012) on CW.

She went on to guest star in the police procedural crime drama Criminal Minds (2013) with Matthew Gray Guebler and Shemar Moore. That same year she landed a role in The Glades (2013) on A&E, and played the main villainess in The Perfect Boss (2013).

The following year, she had a comedic appearance on Two and a Half Men (2014) with Jon Cryer and Ashton Kutcher, and also guest-starred in the fantasy horror drama True Blood (2014).

The next year, Luner played in the medical drama Code Black with lead woman Marcia Gay Harden. Later, she landed an enticing role in the then up-and-coming legal drama Better Call Saul (2015) with Bob Odenkirk, which was written by Vince Gilligan. Between 2015–2016 Luner landed a recurring role as Cassie Siletti in Murder in the First with Currie Graham, Taye Diggs and Kathleen Robertson. At first, she had only been signed on for two episodes, but once producer Steven Bochco saw the chemistry on screen between her and Graham, they became the ‘television couple to watch' and the producers decided to keep her on for the entirety of the next season. "'It was exciting to watch Bochco expand my storyline with Currie Graham, and I am so blessed to work with him. It is a rare experience when you get an acting partner that you're so in sync with. Showing up that way raises the bar.'"In 2016 she played the lead character in A Mother's Revenge (aka Trial), and a year later she played the protagonist in A Lover Betrayed (2017) with Maurice Benard.

2020–Present
In 2019, Luner produced her first movie, The Christmas High Note (2020), for which she also starred as lead, and both wrote her first song and performed it in the movie. This movie premiered on "It's a Wonderful Lifetime" holiday lineup that year.

That same year, Luner went to Sofia, Bulgaria to produce and co-star in the romantic comedy Lost & Found in Rome (2021). The last day of filming coincided with the first day of shutdown for the COVID-19 pandemic, and Luner returned to Los Angeles.

Only a couple months into COVID-19, Luner returned to Bulgaria to produce the movies Valley of Love (2023) and I'm with Me (2023). While filming for most movies slowed down during the pandemic, Luner was able to produce these in the countryside where the laws for social distancing were not as limiting.

That same year she produced another film For Better or Worse (2023) and played the main character.

Appearances
In 1997, she was invited to The Rosie O'Donnell Show with eponymous host Rosie O'Donnell.

That same year she was invited to the syndicated radio talk show Loveline.

Luner was invited to the Martin Short Show with Martin Short along with Conan O'Brien in 1999.

The following year she was invited back to The Tonight Show with Jay Leno alongside William Shatner.

In 2009, Luner was invited to attend the talk show The View, and was interviewed about her roles on Melrose Place and All my Children by the hosts including Joy Behar and Sherri Shephard, Whoopi Goldberg.

That same year, she attended the 36th Annual Daytime Emmy Awards ceremony with her grandmother.

Theater
Luner was cast in the musical Li'l Abner, which is based on the comic strip Li'l Abner by Al Capp. It was produced by Tony Award winner Jason Alexander at the UCLA Theater.

title: Jamie Luner


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Isocyanide

An isocyanide (also called isonitrile or carbylamine) is an organic compound with the functional group –N+\tC-. It is the isomer of the related nitrile (–C≡N), hence the prefix is isocyano. The organic fragment is connected to the isocyanide group through the nitrogen atom, not via the carbon. They are used as building blocks for the synthesis of other compounds.

Structure and bonding
The C-N distance in isocyanides is 115.8 pm in methyl isocyanide. The C-N-C angles are near 180°.

Akin to carbon monoxide, isocyanides are described by two resonance structures, one with a triple bond between the nitrogen and the carbon and one with a double bond between. The π lone pair of the nitrogen stabilizes the structure and is responsible of the linearity of isocyanides, although the reactivity of isocyanides reflects some carbene character, at least in a formal sense. Thus, both resonance structures are useful representations. They are susceptible to polymerization.

Spectroscopy
Isocyanides exhibit a strong absorption in their IR spectra in the range of 2165–2110 cm−1.

The electronic symmetry about the isocyanide 14N nucleus results in a slow quadrupolar relaxation so that 13C-14N nuclear spin coupling can be observed, with coupling constants of ca. 5 Hz for the isocyanide 13C nucleus and 5–14 Hz for the 13C nucleus which the isocyanide group is attached to.

Odour
Isocyanides have a very disagreeable odour. To quote from Lieke, "Es besitzt einen penetranten, höchst unangenehmen Geruch; das Oeffnen eines Gefässes mit Cyanallyl reicht hin, die Luft eines Zimmers mehrere Tage lang zu verpesten, ..." (It has a penetrating, extremely unpleasant odour; the opening of a flask of allyl [iso]cyanide is enough to foul up the air in a room for several days). Note that in Lieke's day, the difference between isocyanide and nitrile was not fully appreciated.

Ivar Karl Ugi states that "The development of the chemistry of isocyanides has probably suffered only little delay through the characteristic odor of volatile isonitriles, which has been described by Hofmann and Gautier as 'highly specific, almost overpowering', 'horrible', and 'extremely distressing'. It is true that many potential workers in this field have been turned away by the odour, but this is heavily outweighed by the fact that isonitriles can be detected even in traces, and that most of the routes leading to the formation of isonitriles were discovered through the odor of these compounds." Isocyanides have been investigated as potential non-lethal weapons.

Some isocyanides convey less offensive odours such as malt, natural rubber, creosote, cherry or old wood. Non-volatile derivatives such as tosylmethyl isocyanide do not have an odor.

Toxicity
While some isocyanides (e.g., cyclohexyl isocyanide) are toxic, others "exhibit no appreciable toxicity for mammals". Referring to ethyl isocyanide, toxicological studies in the 1960s at Bayer showed that "oral and subcutaneous doses of 500-5000 mg/kg can be tolerated by mice".

Synthesis
Many routes to isocyanides have been developed.

From formamides
Commonly, isocyanides are synthesized by dehydration of formamides. The formamide can be dehydrated with toluenesulfonyl chloride, phosphorus oxychloride, phosgene, diphosgene, or the Burgess reagent in the presence of a base such as pyridine or triethylamine.

 * RNHC(O)H + ArSO2Cl + 2 C5H5N -> RNC + [C5H5NH]+[ArSO3]– + [C5H5NH]+Cl-

The formamide precursors are, in turn, prepared from amines by formylation with formic acid or formyl acetyl anhydride .or from the Ritter reaction of alkenes (and other sources of carbocations) and hydrogen cyanide.

From dichlorocarbene
In the carbylamine reaction (also known as the Hofmann isocyanide synthesis) alkali base reacts with chloroform to produce dichlorocarbene. The carbene then converts primary amines to isocyanides. Illustrative is the synthesis of tert-butyl isocyanide from tert-butylamine in the presence of catalytic amount of the phase transfer catalyst benzyltriethylammonium chloride.
 * Me3CNH2 + CHCl3 + 3 NaOH → Me3CNC + 3 NaCl + 3 H2O

As it is only effective for primary amines this reaction can be used as a chemical test for their presence.

Silver cyanide route
Of historical interest but not often of practical value, the first isocyanide, allyl isocyanide, was prepared by the reaction of allyl iodide and silver cyanide.
 * RI + AgCN → RNC + AgI

Other methods
Another route to isocyanides entails deprotonation of oxazoles and benzoxazoles in the 2-position. The resulting organolithium compound exists in chemical equilibrium with the 2-isocyanophenolate, which can be captured by an electrophile such as an acid chloride.

Reactions
Isocyanides have diverse reactivity.

Isocyanides are stable to strong base (they are often made under strongly basic conditions), but they are sensitive to acid. In the presence of aqueous acid, isocyanides hydrolyse to the corresponding formamides:
 * RNC + H2O → RNHC(O)H

This reaction is used to destroy odorous isocyanide mixtures. Some isocyanides can polymerize in the presence of Lewis and Bronsted acids.

Isocyanides participate in many multicomponent reactions of interest in organic synthesis, two of which are: the Ugi reaction and the Passerini reaction.

Isocyanides also participate in cycloaddition reactions, such as the [4+1] cycloaddition with tetrazines. Depending on the degree of substitution of the isocyanide, this reaction converts isocyanides into carbonyls or gives stable cycloadducts. They also undergo insertion into the C–Cl bonds of acyl chlorides in the Nef isocyanide reaction, a process that is believed to be concerted and illustrates their carbene character.

Isocyanides have also been shown to be a useful reagent in palladium catalysed reactions with a wide variety of compounds being formed using this method.

The α position of isocyanides have substantial acidity. For example, benzyl isocyanide has a pKa of 27.4. In comparison, benzyl cyanide has a pKa of 21.9. In the gas phase, CH3NC is 1.8 kcal/mol less acidic than CH3CN.

Chlorination of isocyanides gives isocyanide dichlorides.

Ligands in coordination chemistry
Isocyanides form coordination complexes with most transition metals. They behave as electron-rich analogues of carbon monoxide. For example tert-butyl isocyanide forms Fe2(tBuNC)9, which is analogous to Fe2(CO)9. Although structurally similar, the analogous carbonyls differ in several ways, mainly because t-BuNC is a better donor ligand than CO. Thus, Fe(tBuNC)5 is easily protonated, whereas its counterpart Fe(CO)5 is not.

Naturally occurring isocyanides
Only few naturally occurring compounds exhibit the isocyanide functionality. The first was discovered in 1957 in an extract of the mold Penicillium notatum. The compound xanthocillin later was used as an antibiotic. Since then numerous other isocyanides have been isolated. Most of the marine isocyanides are terpenoid, while some of the terrestrial isocyanides originate from α-aminoacids.
 * Xantocillin.svg is a rare natural product that contains two isocyanide groups.]]

Nomenclature
IUPAC uses the prefix "isocyano" for the systematic nomenclature of isocyanides: isocyanomethane, isocyanoethane, isocyanopropane, etc.

The sometimes used old term "carbylamine" conflicts with systematic nomenclature. An amine always has three single bonds, whereas an isocyanide has only one single and one multiple bond.

The isocyanamide functional group consists of a amino group attached to an isocyano moiety. for nomenclature as suffix of isonitrile or prefix of isocyano is used depending upon priority table.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Isocyanide


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Sonthofen

Sonthofen is the southernmost town of Germany, located in the Oberallgäu region of the Bavarian Alps. Neighbouring Oberstdorf is situated 14 km farther south but is classified as a market town. In 2005, Sonthofen was awarded "Alpenstadt des Jahres" (Alpine town of the year). The town has 21,300 inhabitants (as of 31 December 2015).

Sonthofen is widely known for its milk and cheese products and as a tourist destination.

History
Findings show that the Sonthofen area was already inhabited from the Stone Age to the Roman Empire. In the 6th/7th century, Germanic Alamans settled in the area.

Sonthofen was first mentioned in a document in 1145. It had held the market right with important proprietary rights since 1429.

In 1803, when the Prince-Bishopric of Augsburg was mediatised, Sonthofen came to Bavaria. In 1804 Sonthof Castle becomes the seat of a Bavarian Landgericht (regional court) responsible for justice and administration.

In 1963 the previous market town of Sonthofen is given the town charter. In 1972 Sonthofen becomes the county seat of the newly formed district of Oberallgäu.

In World War II Sonthofen was bombed twice because Adolf Hitler had built the Ordensburg Sonthofen, where young boys were trained for service in Nazi Party organizations. The "Ordensburg" was not destroyed in the war. From 1946 to 1948 it was home to the United States Constabulary school, from May 1951 through February 1952, was used by the United States Air Force in Europe as a basic training center, and from 1956-2009 the German Bundeswehr located its Military Police (Feldjäger) and Staff Service School there. The German Army's NBC Defence School (ABC-Abwehr- und Selbstschutzschule) is located in another barracks in Sonthofen.

Main sights

 * Green areas
 * Ökokurpark (ecological spa park): Next to the Kalvarienberg is the ecological spa park on a steep terrain. It houses a wetland biotope, native plants and information boards on flora and fauna.
 * Another park is located in the so-called G'hau an der Iller, where there is also a miniature golf course and a playground.

 * Buildings
 * Burgruine Fluhenstein (castle ruin), 1361 and around 1500/01
 * The Catholic church St. Beaz is located below the Kalvarienberg. Predecessor buildings probably already existed in the 9th century.
 * The Old School was turned into a town hall by the prince-bishop Sunny of Augsburg in 1472. Today it is used as a music school and public library.

 * Natural monuments
 * The Starzlachklamm (a gorge) near the district Winkel, since 1932 accessible for hikers

 * Museum
 * Heimathaus Sonthofen: history and culture of the region

Notable people

 * Eugen Albrecht (1872–1908), pathologist
 * Philip Bester, Canadian tennis player, born in Sonthofen
 * Michael Buthe, artist
 * Michael Endres, pianist
 * Josef Enzensberger, (1914–1975), Luftwaffe Fighter Ace 1939–1945, born in Sonthofen
 * Herbert Knaup, actor, born in Sonthofen
 * Hardy Krüger, actor, spent his childhood in Sonthofen
 * W.G. Sebald, writer, lived in Sonthofen from 1948 to 1963

Awards and associations
With other Alpine towns, Sonthofen engages in the Alpine Town of the Year Association for the implementation of the Alpine Convention to achieve sustainable development in the Alpine Arc. Sonthofen was awarded Alpine Town of the Year 2005.

title: Sonthofen


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Category:Merxia asteroids

See parent category for proper sortkey usage instructions.

title: Category:Merxia asteroids


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Talk:Linne'

See Linné (crater). But this page should perhaps be turned into a redirect to Carolus Linnaeus rather than the crater? / Uppland 20:47, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Linne'


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Multi-component reaction

A multi-component reaction (or MCR), sometimes referred to as a "Multi-component Assembly Process" (or MCAP), is a chemical reaction where three or more compounds react to form a single product. By definition, multicomponent reactions are those reactions whereby more than two reactants combine in a sequential manner to give highly selective products that retain majority of the atoms of the starting material.

History and types of multicomponent reactions
Multicomponent reactions have been known for over 150 years. The first documented multicomponent reaction was the Strecker synthesis of α-amino cyanides in 1850 from which α-amino acids could be derived. A multitude of MCRs exist today, of which the isocyanide based MCRs are the most documented. Other MCRs include free-radical mediated MCRs, MCRs based on organoboron compounds and metal-catalyzed MCRs.

Isocyanide based MCRs are most frequently exploited because the isocyanide is an extraordinary functional group. It is believed to exhibit resonance between its tetravalent and divalent carbon forms. This induces the isocyanide group to undergo both electrophilic and nucleophilic reactions at the CII atom, which then converts to the CIV form in an exothermic reaction. The occurrence of isocyanides in natural products has also made it a useful functional group. The two most important isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions are the Passerini 3-component reaction to produce α-acyloxy carboxamides and the Ugi 4-component reaction, which yields the α-amino carboxamides.

Examples of three component reactions:

 * Alkyne trimerisation
 * Biginelli reaction
 * Bucherer–Bergs reaction
 * Gewald reaction
 * Grieco three-component coupling
 * Hantzsch pyridine synthesis
 * Kabachnik–Fields reaction
 * Mannich reaction
 * Passerini reaction
 * Pauson–Khand reaction
 * Petasis reaction
 * Strecker amino acid synthesis
 * Ugi reaction
 * Asinger reaction
 * A3 coupling reaction

The exact nature of this type of reaction is often difficult to assess, in collision theory a simultaneous interaction of 3 or more different molecules is less likely resulting in a low reaction rate. These reactions are more likely to involve a series of bimolecular reactions.

New MCR's are found by building a chemical library from combinatorial chemistry or by combining existing MCR's. For example, a 7-component MCR results from combining the Ugi reaction with the Asinger reaction. MCR's are an important tool in new drug discovery. MCR's can often be extended into combinatorial, solid phase or flow syntheses for developing new lead structures of active agents.

title: Multi-component reaction


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Sidelobes

In antenna engineering, sidelobes are the lobes (local maxima) of the far field radiation pattern of an antenna or other radiation source, that are not the main lobe.

The radiation pattern of most antennas shows a pattern of "lobes" at various angles, directions where the radiated signal strength reaches a maximum, separated by "nulls", angles at which the radiated signal strength falls to zero. This can be viewed as the diffraction pattern of the antenna. In a directional antenna in which the objective is to emit the radio waves in one direction, the lobe in that direction is designed to have a larger field strength than the others; this is the "main lobe". The other lobes are called "sidelobes", and usually represent unwanted radiation in undesired directions. The sidelobe directly behind the main lobe is called the back lobe. The longer the antenna relative to the radio wavelength, the more lobes its radiation pattern has. In transmitting antennas, excessive sidelobe radiation wastes energy and may cause interference to other equipment. Another disadvantage is that confidential information may be picked up by unintended receivers. In receiving antennas, sidelobes may pick up interfering signals, and increase the noise level in the receiver.

The power density in the sidelobes is generally much less than that in the main beam. It is generally desirable to minimize the sidelobe level (SLL), which is measured in decibels relative to the peak of the main beam. The main lobe and sidelobes occur for both transmitting and receiving. The concepts of main and sidelobes, radiation pattern, aperture shapes, and aperture weighting, apply to optics (another branch of electromagnetics) and in acoustics fields such as loudspeaker and sonar design, as well as antenna design.

Because an antenna's far field radiation pattern is a Fourier Transform of its aperture distribution, most antennas will generally have sidelobes, unless the aperture distribution is a Gaussian, or if the antenna is so small as to have no sidelobes in the visible space. Larger antennas have narrower main beams, as well as narrower sidelobes. Hence, larger antennas have more sidelobes in the visible space (as the antenna size is increased, sidelobes move from the evanescent space to the visible space).

Sidelobes for case of uniformly-illuminated aperture
For a rectangular aperture antenna having a uniform amplitude distribution (or uniform weighting), the first sidelobe is $-13.26 dB$ relative to the peak of the main beam. For such antennas the radiation pattern has a canonical form of

Simple substitutions of various values of $$ into the canonical equation yield the following results:

! $X$ ! Radiation pattern ! Explanation
 * 0
 * style="text-align:right;" | $X$
 * peak of main beam
 * $$\displaystyle 3.14=\pi$$
 * style="text-align:right;" | −∞ dB
 * first null
 * $$\displaystyle 4.49\approx\frac{3\pi}{2}$$
 * style="text-align:right;" | $0 dB$
 * peak of first sidelobe
 * $$\displaystyle 6.28=2\pi$$
 * style="text-align:right;" | −∞ dB
 * second null
 * $$\displaystyle 7.72\approx\frac{5\pi}{2}$$
 * style="text-align:right;" | $-13.26 dB$
 * peak of second sidelobe
 * }
 * $$\displaystyle 7.72\approx\frac{5\pi}{2}$$
 * style="text-align:right;" | $-17.83 dB$
 * peak of second sidelobe
 * }
 * }
 * }

For a circular aperture antenna, also having a uniform amplitude distribution, the first sidelobe level is $-17.57 dB$ relative to the peak of the main beam. In this case, the radiation pattern has a canonical form of

where $$\displaystyle J_1(x)$$ is the Bessel function of the first kind of order 1. This is known as the Airy pattern. Simple substitutions of various values of $$ into the canonical equation yield the following results:

! $X$ ! Radiation pattern ! Explanation
 * 0
 * style="text-align:right;" | $X$
 * peak of main beam
 * 3.83
 * style="text-align:right;" | −∞ dB
 * first null
 * 5.14
 * style="text-align:right;" | $0 dB$
 * peak of first sidelobe
 * 7.02
 * style="text-align:right;" | −∞ dB
 * second null
 * 8.42
 * style="text-align:right;" | $-17.57 dB$
 * peak of second sidelobe
 * }
 * 8.42
 * style="text-align:right;" | $-23.81 dB$
 * peak of second sidelobe
 * }
 * }
 * }

A uniform aperture distribution, as provided in the two examples above, gives the maximum possible directivity for a given aperture size, but it also produces the maximum sidelobe level. Sidelobe levels can be reduced by tapering the edges of the aperture distribution (changing from uniformity) at the expense of reduced directivity.

The nulls between sidelobes occur when the radiation patterns passes through the origin in the complex plane. Hence, adjacent sidelobes are generally 180° out of phase to each other.

Grating lobes

For discrete aperture antennas (such as phased arrays) in which the element spacing is greater than a half wavelength, the spatial aliasing effect causes some sidelobes to become substantially larger in amplitude, and approaching the level of the main lobe; these are called grating lobes, and they are either identical, or nearly identical as shown in the figure, copies of the main beams.

Grating lobes are a special case of a sidelobe. In such a case, the sidelobes should be considered all the lobes lying between the main lobe and the first grating lobe, or between grating lobes. It is conceptually useful to distinguish between sidelobes and grating lobes because grating lobes have larger amplitudes than most, if not all, of the other sidelobes. The mathematics of grating lobes is the same as that of X-ray diffraction.

title: Sidelobes


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Talk:The Way of the World

The Aunt...
"fortunately, she is a bitter lady who hates Mirabell and wants her own nephew, Sir Wilful, to marry Millamant."

"fortunately" or "Unfortunately" ?? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.215.118.178 (talk) 19:12, 2 June 2009 (UTC)

Characters section of the article
"The play is based around the two lovers Mirabell and Millamant (originally famously played by John Verbruggen and Anne Bracegirdle). In order for the two to get married and receive Millamant's full dowry, Mirabell must receive the blessing of Millamant's aunt, Lady Wishfort. Unfortunately, she is a very bitter lady, who despises Mirabell and wants her own nephew, Sir Wilful, to wed Millamant."

This seems to be taken almost verbatim of the back of a printed edition of the play (ISBN 10: 161720-624-5): "The play is based around the two lovers Mirabell and Millamant. In order for the two to get married and receive Millamant's full dowry, Mirabell must receive the blessing of MIllamant's aunt, Lady Wishfort. Unfortunately, she is a very bitter lady, who despises Mirabell and wants her own nephew, Sir Wilful, to wed Millamant."

Shouldn't there at least be a source given if it is taken verbatim? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 96.239.62.129 (talk) 01:01, 28 February 2012 (UTC)

Plot summary
Act I makes no mention of 6000 pounds. That Waitwood and Foible were married is not revealed until Act II. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.144.164.45 (talk) 01:38, 13 December 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Way of the World


text:
Category:Misa asteroids

See parent category for proper sortkey usage instructions.

title: Category:Misa asteroids


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Radford, Nottingham

Radford is an inner-city area of Nottingham and former civil parish in the Nottingham district, in the ceremonial county of Nottinghamshire, England, located just outside the city centre. The appropriate ward of the City of Nottingham Council is Radford and Park which, in 2011, had a population of 21,414. It is bounded to the south by Lenton and to the east by Nottingham city centre, and comprises around 600 acre of land.

History
St Peter's Church, Radford was given by William Peveril to Lenton Priory. The church was rebuilt in 1812 at a cost of £2,000. A Wesleyan chapel was built in 1805 and enlarged in 1828. In September 1878 a chapel was built on St Peter's Street by the United Methodist Free Churches at a cost of £1,900. It was closed owing to declining membership and income in June 1947 and purchased by the Evangelical Free Church. Bentinck Road School opened on 19 November 1880, and was formerly called the Alfreton Road Board School.

Radford Registration District (RD) was created on 1 July 1837 on the introduction of Statutory Registration of Births, Marriages and Deaths (BMD) – and was abolished, and absorbed into Nottingham RD, on 1 July 1880.

In 1891 the parish had a population of 38,718. On 1 April 1897 the parish was abolished and merged with Nottingham.

Background
The area has a large ethnic minority population (mainly European, West Indian, African, Arab, Asian, South American, Polish and increasingly Kurdish), and accordingly there are a large number of specialist food and retail shops catering to specific cultures, owing to the relatively cheap nature of housing in the area (and the large number of old Victorian properties converted into flats and bedsits).

In 2021 residents reported that the crime rate was high, although Amy English, neighbourhood policing inspector for the Radford area, said "As a result of this work we have seen a reduction in recorded crime, including robbery and burglary, in the Radford and Park neighbourhood."

Radford has a large student population, most of whom attend the nearby Nottingham Trent University and University of Nottingham.

Industry
Radford was the home of
 * Raleigh Industries, once the world's largest bicycle producer
 * Player's cigarettes, with a range of buildings housing factories, offices and warehouses
 * Manlove, Alliott & Co. Ltd., inventors of incinerators for waste disposal.

Culture
Radford provides the backdrop for much of Alan Sillitoe's book 1958 Saturday Night and Sunday Morning. Numerous scenes from the 1960 film of the book which starred Albert Finney, playing Raleigh worker Arthur Seaton, were shot in Radford. In 2009 a 1982 recording of Finney, talking about the making of the film, was released on DVD.

2023 Nottingham attacks
At 4:00 am on 13 June 2023, two 19-year-olds were found stabbed to death in Ilkeston Road. The victims were first-year students at the University of Nottingham. The suspect is a 31-year-old dual Guinea-Bissau/Portuguese national. He has settled status through his Portuguese citizenship and was previously a student at the University of Nottingham in 2022. At about 5:30 am, Nottinghamshire Police tasered the man outside a convenience store in Bentinck Road, Forest Fields and arrested him on suspicion of murder. He had no criminal record and was not known to the security services, but had a history of mental health issues. On 16 June 2023 the suspect was charged with three counts of murder and three counts of attempted murder.

Bus services
28: Nottingham → Radford (Ilkeston Road) → Jubilee Campus → Beechdale → Bilborough
 * Nottingham City Transport

30: Nottingham → Radford (Ilkeston Road) → Jubilee Campus → Wollaton Park → Bramcote → Wollaton Vale

77: Nottingham → Radford (Alfreton Road) → Aspley Lane → Strelley

77C: Nottingham → Radford (Alfreton Road) → Aspley Lane → Strelley → Cinderhill

78: Nottingham → Radford (Alfreton Road) → Nuthall Road → Broxtowe → Strelley

79: Nottingham → Radford (Alfreton Road) → Nuthall Road → Cinderhill → Bulwell → Rise Park → Warren Hill → Bestwood Park → Arnold

79A: Nottingham → Radford (Alfreton Road) → Nuthall Road → Cinderhill → Bulwell → Rise Park → Top Valley → Bestwood Park → Arnold

79B: Nottingham → Radford (Alfreton Road) → Nuthall Road → Cinderhill → Bulwell / Rise Park

rainbow one: Nottingham → Radford (Alfreton Road) → Nuthall → Kimberley → Eastwood → Heanor / Ripley / Alfreton
 * Trentbarton

two: Nottingham → Radford (Ilkeston Road) → Wollaton → Trowell → Ilkeston → Cotmanhay

L4: Nottingham → Radford → Ainsley Estate → Beechdale → Aspley
 * CT4N

L14: Nottingham → Radford → Hyson Green → Bulwell

title: Radford, Nottingham


text:
Girls! Girls! Girls!

'Girls! Girls! Girls!' is a 1962 American musical comedy film starring Elvis Presley as a penniless Hawaii-based fisherman who loves his life on the sea and dreams of owning his own boat. "Return to Sender", which reached No. 2 on the Billboard pop singles chart, is featured in the film. The film peaked at #6 on the Variety box office chart and finished the year at #19 on the year-end list of the top-grossing films of 1962, having earned $2.6 million at the box office. It was also nominated for the Golden Globe award for Best Motion Picture - Musical in 1963.

The film was the second of three films Presley shot on location in Hawaii.

Plot
Ross Carpenter is a Hawaii-based fishing guide and sailor who enjoys boating and sailing out on the sea. When he finds out his boss is retiring to Arizona, he seeks to find a way to buy the Westwind, a boat that he built with his father.

Ross is caught in a love triangle with two women: childish, insensitive club singer Robin, and sweet Laurel. When Wesley Johnson makes advances on Laurel, Ross punches him out. Wesley owns the boat, so Ross thereby loses it. Laurel, however, is not who she pretends to be. She is an heiress getting over a bad breakup, and searching for someone who doesn't love her for her money. She secretly buys the Westwind for him, but Ross' male pride won't allow him to take it. Ross has to choose between her and Robin.

Cast

 * Elvis Presley as Ross Carpenter
 * Stella Stevens as Robin Gantner
 * Laurel Goodwin as Laurel Dodge
 * Jeremy Slate as Wesley Johnson
 * Benson Fong as Kin Yung
 * Beulah Quo as Madam Yung
 * Guy Lee as Chen Yung
 * Ginny Tiu as Mai Ling
 * Elizabeth Tiu as Tai Ling
 * Alexander Tiu as Mai and Tai Ling's Brother
 * Robert Strauss as Sam Anderson
 * Ann McCrea as Mrs. Arthur Morgan (uncredited)
 * Jack Nitzsche as Piano Player in Lounge Band (uncredited)
 * Hal Blaine as Drummer in Lounge Band (uncredited)
 * Nestor Paiva as Arthur Morgan (uncredited)
 * Linda Rand as Village Woman (uncredited)
 * Edward Sheehan as Ed-Man on Dock (uncredited)
 * Red West as Bongo-Playing Crewman on Tuna Boat (uncredited)
 * Gavin Gordon as Hat Shop Manager (uncredited)
 * Mary Treen as Hat Shop Customer (uncredited)
 * Marjorie Bennett as Hat Shop Customer (uncredited)
 * The Jordanaires as Backup Singers

Reception
A review in Variety wrote that the film put Presley "back into the non-dramatic, purely escapist light musical vein," adding, "Essentially, Presley plays himself in the breezy sea session. He handles the role capably, though one would hardly expect a hardened fisherman to be as soft, smooth and white as the one Presley depicts. The character has little depth, but he is pleasant." The Monthly Film Bulletin wrote that the songs were "strung very pleasantly on a story-line of disarming simplicity and bedded comfortably in a stretch of gently fizzing repartee." Margaret Harford of the Los Angeles Times called it "no better or worse than previous Elvis epics."

Awards and nominations

 * Golden Globes: Nominated for Best Motion Picture - Musical at the 1963 ceremony. The winner that year was The Music Man. Elvis Presley received a 2nd place Laurel Award for the best male performance in a musical for his acting role in this movie.

Box office
''Girls! Girls! Girls!'' earned $2,600,000 at the box office in the United States.

Movie reviews

 * Review by Jamie Gillies at Apollo Movie Guide

DVD reviews

 * Review of the movie collection "Lights! Camera! Elvis! Collection (King Creole, Blue Hawaii, G.I. Blues, Fun in Acapulco, Roustabout, Girls! Girls! Girls!, Paradise, Hawaiian Style, Easy Come, Easy Go) by Paul Mavis at DVD Talk, August 6, 2007.
 * Review by Jon Danziger at digitallyOBSESSED!, February 3, 2003.

title: Girls! Girls! Girls!


text: Category:Areas of Edinburgh

title: Category:Areas of Edinburgh


text:
Talk:Presidential Palace, Helsinki

Copyvio
A lot of the article is basically a copy-paste from with some changes here and there. At least those parts should be removed (I'll do it later when I have time, in case no-one else will), although a complete rewrite might be better. --Jonik 20:49, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Presidential Palace, Helsinki


text: User talk:82.40.76.166

title: User talk:82.40.76.166


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Oliver Battrick

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Postdlf 22:39, 1 May 2005 (UTC)

Oliver Battrick
Unknown rock musician wannabe. Only a couple hits, none directly related to his music career. Niteowlneils 20:49, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Awww, bless him. Delete The JPS 22:05, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, vanity. Megan1967 07:27, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text: User talk:65.34.152.189

title: User talk:65.34.152.189


text:
Wikipedia:Peer review/The Way of the World/archive1

The Way of the World
Considered one of the most important restoration comedies, but nobody has done any work on it other than me. I'd appreciate some suggestions. Robinoke 20:50, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * There are some apparently incorrect spellings in the introduction: sparodicly & renound. Or are these the Queen's English versions? The page could use a category or two. Try using the gutenberg template for the link to the PG e-text. There are some interesting points mentioned on the Daily Info review. — RJH 16:31, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Try and turn the character list into a paragraph describing the characters--nixie 08:26, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * What nixie said, it's a bit boring to start with a list. How about starting with a short background section? The "Historical influence" section has some material for that, but it should come higher up, IMO. The article Restoration comedy has a section on the comedy in the 1690s that might be useful, and some material specifically on the Lincoln's Inn Fields' company and actors. If you'd like to do a section on the original cast, there are, ahem, pretty up-to-date and reliable articles on Mirabell and Millamant, John Verbruggen and Anne Bracegirdle (in fact I created the Verbruggen article only yesterday). That's a little recondite and not at all a requirement, but it can be a cool way of adding concrete detail and color, something articles on literary works can often do with. A section on the play's stage history from 1700 would be good, you could cannibalize any modern edition of the play for the lowdown there. A section on the play's critical reputation, also from 1700 on? And, well, I'm trying not to say this, since I wrote it myself, but you could see a few further possible angles if you take a look at recently featured article The Country Wife. I'm delighted to see somebody taking on The Way of the World! --Bishonen | talk 08:50, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the input guys. I've tried to implement some of the suggestions and will tackle some of the larger things Bishonen recommended when I get some time. Robinoke 22:22, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm coming to the party late, as I just saw that the article exists, but I'm pretty much of a context man, myself, and one of the things I'd like to see much more of is a context of Congreve's career and, if you can find it, the history of the writing. Congreve was notorious for being a slow writer, and Way of the World, arguably the perfect Restoration Comedy, didn't premiere until after Restoration Comedy was over.  (I've always regarded Way of the World as being like Aristotle's Poetics: it can be the perfect play because it is written after the fact and has learned the rules others established.)  I know that you're not writing the William Congreve article, but placing this work in his life helps somewhat.  Also, by all means, kill the spoiler template.  I know there are people who insert it everywhere as a meaningful edit, but folks ought not be reading Wikipedia to learn the plot or worrying that they won't enjoy the play for knowing the plot.  This isn't a detective story, and a plot summary only helps folks enjoy the humor by allowing them to duck some of the confusion audiences usually have.  Geogre 19:17, 1 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I've changed the heading from "Historical influence" to "Historical context," and I've contextualized the play with other Restoration comedies. In particular, I try to explicate the tensions between City and Court and how they reversed between 1670 and 1700 with the change from Charles II to William III.  However, I would very much like to know where the idea of Fainall as old rake and Millamant as new comes from.  It may be the case, although I've never read the play that way, but I think that's a singular enough interpretive point to need a reference. Geogre 02:26, 2 May 2005 (UTC)


text:
Dortmund–Ems Canal

The Dortmund–Ems Canal is a 269 km long canal in Germany between the inland port of the city of Dortmund (51.525°N, 7.44444°W) and the seaport of Emden. The artificial southern part of the canal ends after 215 km at Herbrum lock near Meppen. The route then takes the river Ems for 45 km to Oldersum lock. From there, the canal continues along a second artificial segment of 9 km. This latter section was built because inland ships at the time of the construction of the canal were not built for the open sea, which they would have faced at the Dollart and the entry to the sea port of Emden. It is connected to the Ems-Jade Canal from Emden to Wilhelmshaven.

History
The canal was opened in 1899 to reduce demand on the railway network, which could not cope with the transport of products from the Ruhr area. Also, the canal was supposed to make coal from the Ruhr area more competitive compared to imported English coal. Furthermore, the steel industry in the eastern Ruhr area needed to import ore from abroad.

The canal was attacked numerous times during World War II due to its strategic importance. During June through August 12th 1940 a series of raids culminating in a raid by 49 and 83 Squadrons damaged the aqueducts that crossed the River Elbe - putting the canal out of commission for short periods. Operation Garlic, an attack in September 1943 by 617 Squadron RAF (the "Dambusters") was unsuccessful and costly. The squadron attacked it again in September 1944 using Tallboy "earthquake" bombs breaching it and causing considerable damage. In August of 1944, 571 squadron attacked it with de Havilland Mosquitos, dropping mines into the canal. It was repaired after the conflict.

Description
The best known building of the Dortmund-Ems canal is the Henrichenburg boat lift in Waltrop, which enabled a ship to bridge a difference in height of 14 m. It operated until 1962, and was then replaced by a new elevator and a lock. Today it houses the Westfälisches Industriemuseum.

Some kilometres to the north, the canal reaches the city of Datteln, which lies at the crossroads of four canals:
 * Datteln-Hamm Canal
 * Wesel-Datteln Canal
 * Dortmund–Ems Canal
 * Rhein-Herne Canal

The old route of the canal crosses the rivers Lippe, Stever and Ems on bridges. These bridges are built with large arches, and the bridge over the Lippe lies 15 m above the river.

After the Second World War, the canal had to be widened. Those parts that were above ground level could not easily be widened, and therefore a new route was constructed between Olfen and Münster. It lies parallel to the old route, and new river crossings were also built. The old route was closed for shipping.

Dortmund-Ems-Kanal-Route is a 350 km long official long-distance cycling route next to the canal.

Towns along the canal
Dortmund - Waltrop - Datteln - Olfen - Lüdinghausen - Senden - Hiltrup - Münster - Dörenthe - Hörstel - Bevergern - Rheine - Hesselte - Lingen - Geeste - Meppen - Haren - Papenburg - Düthe - Heede - Lehe - Aschendorf - Oldersum - Emden -

title: Dortmund–Ems Canal


text: Category:Transport in Edinburgh

title: Category:Transport in Edinburgh


text:
Fernanda Torres

Fernanda Pinheiro Monteiro Torres (born 15 September 1965) is a Brazilian film, stage and television actress and writer. She was born in Rio de Janeiro, the daughter of the actress Fernanda Montenegro and the actor Fernando Torres.

In May 1986, at the age of 20, she received the Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress for Love Me Forever or Never (Eu Sei Que Vou Te Amar) directed by Arnaldo Jabor.

Personal Life
She is married to movie producer and director Andrucha Waddington, who directed her and her mother in the 2005 film The House of Sand. They have two sons together, Joaquim (b. 2000) and Antônio (born on April 10, 2008). She is also the stepmother of João (b. 1993) and Pedro (b. 1995).

Career
In 2003, she wrote her first script (O Redentor, 2004), with the assistance of her brother, cinematographer Cláudio Torres.

Books

 * 2013 – Fim (The End)
 * 2017 – A Glória e seu Cortejo de Horrores

title: Fernanda Torres


text:
The English Hymnal

The English Hymnal is a hymn book which was published in 1906 for the Church of England by Oxford University Press. It was edited by the clergyman and writer Percy Dearmer and the composer and music historian Ralph Vaughan Williams, and was a significant publication in the history of Anglican church music.

Methodology
The preface to the hymnal describes itself as "a collection of the best hymns in the English language." Much of the contents was used for the first time at St Mary's, Primrose Hill, in north London, and the hymnbook could be considered a musical companion to The Parson's Handbook, Dearmer's 1899 manifesto on English church ceremonial, vestments and furnishings.

The high quality of the music is due largely to the work of Vaughan Williams as musical editor. The standard of the arrangements and original compositions made it a landmark in English hymnody and one of the most influential hymnals of the 20th century. The hymnal included the first printing of several arrangements and hymn settings by Vaughan Williams. Among the most famous are Sine Nomine, a new tune to For All the Saints; and Ye Watchers and Ye Holy Ones, a new text for the hymn tune Lasst uns erfreuen. The hymnal also includes many plainsong melodies (in both plainsong and modernised notation).

Reception
After its publication, use of the hymnal had been banned for a time by the Archbishop of Canterbury. Ultimately, The English Hymnal, along with the Church Hymnal for the Christian Year, "undermined the uniformity of the Church of England and successfully challenged [the] hegemony" of Hymns Ancient and Modern, of which a new and revised edition had been published two years previous.

The book is a characteristic green colour and is sometimes associated with the high-church or Anglo-Catholic movement within Anglicanism. When the book was published, high and broad churches used Hymns Ancient and Modern and evangelical churches normally used the Hymnal Companion to the Book of Common Prayer. The hymnal has, however, been adopted not only in various movements of Anglicanism but also in several other denominations in Britain, such as some Roman Catholic churches.

Revisions
A new edition of The English Hymnal was issued in 1933, which principally had better accompaniments by J. H. Arnold to the plainsong melodies, and over 100 new tunes. This was achieved without renumbering hymns or extending the book excessively. Instead many formerly duplicated tunes were changed to new tunes. Where unique tunes were changed the old tunes were moved into an appendix, which is often referred to as "the chamber of horrors", a description attributed to Vaughan-Williams himself.

A supplement to the hymnal, English Praise, was published in 1975.

The New English Hymnal appeared in 1986, and its supplement, New English Praise in 2006, both under the imprint of the Canterbury Press, now SCM Canterbury Press. The Revised English Hymnal was published on 29 November 2023.

title: The English Hymnal


text:
Silverdale railway station

Silverdale is a railway station on the Furness Line, which runs between Barrow-in-Furness and Lancaster. The station, situated 9+1/2 mi north-west of Lancaster, serves the village of Silverdale in Lancashire. It is owned by Network Rail and managed by Northern Trains.

Facilities
There is no footbridge or underpass; passengers cross the line at track level via a barrow crossing (so disabled travellers are not recommended to use the southbound platform without assistance). The station buildings have been converted for residential use, but there are shelters on each side. There is a small car park. A ticket machine is available, so travellers can purchase tickets (or a permit to travel if not in possession of a credit or debit card) here prior to boarding. Train running information is provided via digital information displays and timetable posters.

The station is about 1.3 miles from the centre of the village by road, somewhat less by footpaths across the golf course and fields.

The station is conveniently situated for visitors to Leighton Moss RSPB reserve, a few minutes' walk away, and Silverdale Golf Club, just across the road from the station. In June 2018, volunteers helped to set up a community-provided broadband link using the wifi from the nearby golf club and equipment supplied by Broadband for the Rural North (B4RN).

Services
Silverdale is generally served by the hourly Furness Line services from to  operated by Northern who also manage the station. Several longer-distance trains to (via Millom) and  via Preston and Manchester Piccadilly call at the station throughout the day.

Friends of Silverdale Station
In 2015, the Friends of Silverdale Station (FOSS) was founded, with the intention of improving and enhancing the station. The group has held working parties to tidy the platforms and plant flowerbeds, and hopes to restore the 1850s Furness Railway waiting room for community use.

title: Silverdale railway station


text:
Kultaranta

Kultaranta (Gullranda; lit. 'Golden Shore') is the summer residence of the president of Finland. It is in the district of Kultaranta on the island of Luonnonmaa, in Naantali. The granite manor house is surrounded by 560000 m2 of park, belonging to the property.

The President of the Republic's summer residence, Kultaranta, stands in 54-hectare grounds in Naantali on the southwest coast. As well as the granite-built house, the complex includes numerous outbuildings and greenhouses, and a park.

Kultaranta's original owner was the businessman Alfred Kordelin, who had a manor house built for himself in 1914. It was designed by the architect Lars Sonck. When Kordelin died in 1917 the manor's ownership shifted to the University of Turku and, in 1922, the Finnish Parliament voted to acquire it for use as the president's summer residence.

The ground floor contains the reception rooms and private apartments. Upstairs are the bedrooms and guestrooms. Marble steps lead from the ground floor to the tower, from which there are views of Naantali and the inshore islands.

The parks around the manor, containing approximately a thousand square metres of greenhouse and a garden with 3,500 roses called Medaljonki ('medallion'), are open to the public. The scent and colour of these roses are at their peak in the middle of the summer, when the President and family and their guests come to Naantali for the holidays. Tours in the garden are organised by the City of Naantali's tourist service.

Kultaranta's Park has been described as a "mini-Versailles". The parkland to the north of Kultaranta is in practically a natural state, though a few sandy pathways have been built there, and the woodland is kept in good condition.

Kultaranta has about 1000 m2 of greenhouses. The garden supplies the President's household with both flowers and vegetables all year round.

title: Kultaranta


text:
Joseph Esherick (architect)

Joseph Esherick (December 28, 1914 – December 17, 1998) was an American architect. He is known for his work in Sea Ranch, California and in the San Francisco Bay Area.

Architectural career
Joseph Esherick was born on December 28, 1914, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1937 with a bachelor's degree in architecture.

Esherick worked for San Francisco Bay Area architect Gardner Dailey, and, about 1950, began his own practice in the San Francisco Bay Area. He taught at the University of California, Berkeley for many years. Esherick was awarded the AIA Gold Medal in 1989. Following in the tradition of Bay Area architects such as Bernard Maybeck and William Wurster, Esherick designed hundreds of houses, emphasizing regional traditions, site requirements, and user needs.

In 1938, Esherick married architect Rebecca Wood, whom he knew from Pennsylvania. About ten years later Rebecca designed their own home in Kent Woodlands with Joe consulting. The style of the house with a huge gabled roof and large glass walls is stunningly modern. In 1946, Rebecca earned her architectural license and worked for her husband on a variety of projects while raising their three children. By 1951, the couple divorced.

In 1959, Esherick was the co-founder, along with William Wurster and Vernon DeMars, of Berkeley's influential College of Environmental Design (CED). The CED encompassed disciplines of architecture, landscape architecture, environmental planning and city planning, and served as a nexus for figures like Christopher Alexander, Catherine Bauer, Galen Cranz, Donlyn Lyndon, Roger Montgomery, Charles Moore, and William Wilson Wurster.

In 1972, Esherick reorganized his office, turning away from houses to more commercial and academic work, with three longtime associates George Homsey, Peter Dodge and Chuck Davis to form Esherick Homsey Dodge & Davis, the winner of the 1986 Architecture Firm Award. The firm continues today as EHDD Architecture. In 1976, Esherick was elected into the National Academy of Design as an Associate member, and became a full Academician in 1990.

Esherick was the nephew of American sculptor Wharton Esherick.

Work

 * Hubbard House, Dover, Massachusetts, 1957
 * House at Kentwoodlands, Kent Woodlands, California, 1957
 * Hubbard at end of Spring Road, Ross, California, April 5, 1959
 * Cary House, Mill Valley, California, 1960
 * Harold E. Jones Child Study Center, at University of California, Berkeley, 1960
 * Bermak House, Oakland, California, 1963, with architect Peter Dodge
 * Six Sea Ranch Demonstration Houses (now called The Hedgerow Homes) (in collaboration with landscape architect Lawrence Halprin, three small scale Demonstration houses called "Mini-Mods", as well as other private residences at The Sea Ranch Sonoma County, California, 1967
 * The Cannery, San Francisco, California, 1968
 * Mountain House (aka. Roscoe House) Alamo, California, 1972
 * Garfield School, San Francisco, California, 1981
 * Flora Lamson Hewlett Library, Graduate Theological Union, Berkeley, California, 1981
 * Silver Lake Lodge, Deer Valley, Utah, 1982
 * Monterey Bay Aquarium, Monterey, California, 1984
 * Hermitage Condominiums, San Francisco, California, 1984
 * McGuire house, 268 Seadrift Road, Stinson Beach, California, 1987
 * Henry's Fork Lodge, Island Park, Idaho, 1991
 * Aquarium of the Pacific, Long Beach, California, 1998
 * Tenderloin Community School, San Francisco, California, 1999

title: Joseph Esherick (architect)


text:
Lego Star Wars (disambiguation)

Lego Star Wars is a Lego theme based around models of vehicles and sets from the Star Wars franchise.

It can also refer to:
 * Lego Star Wars: The Video Game, a video game that provides a humorous and child-oriented retelling of the Star Wars prequel trilogy
 * Lego Star Wars II: The Original Trilogy, the sequel to Lego Star Wars: The Video Game that retells the original trilogy
 * Lego Star Wars: The Complete Saga, a compilation of the first two games
 * Lego Star Wars III: The Clone Wars, the third in the series of games
 * Lego Star Wars: The Force Awakens
 *  Lego Star Wars: The Skywalker Saga, an updated version following the story of all 9 feature films
 * Several animated shorts and specials airing on Cartoon Network
 * Lego Star Wars: Revenge of the Brick, a 2005 mini-movie based on Revenge of the Sith
 * Lego Star Wars: The Quest for R2-D2, a 2009 animated mini-movie and online game based loosely on CN's series Star Wars: The Clone Wars TV series
 * Lego Star Wars: Bombad Bounty, a 2010 mini-movie following Jar Jar Binks and Boba Fett in a story "behind the scenes" of the original trilogy
 * Lego Star Wars: The Padawan Menace, a 2011 30-minute TV special about a Jedi Academy field trip
 * Lego Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Out, a 2012 30-minute TV Special focusing on humorous activities of Luke Skywalker and Darth Vader following Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope
 * Lego Star Wars: The Yoda Chronicles, a 2013 trilogy of 30-minute TV Specials
 * List of Lego Star Wars, a list of all sets, from the theme, so far released

title: Lego Star Wars (disambiguation)


text:
Talk:Towy

Move to River Towy
Already a redirect there. Please delete this and update references from 'Towy' to 'River Towy'.
 * Page now redirects to River Tywi, removing move template --Lox (t,c) 14:54, 15 January 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Towy


text:
May 13 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

May 12 - Eastern Orthodox Church calendar - May 14

All fixed commemorations below celebrated on May 26 by Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For May 13th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on April 30.

Saints

 * Saint-Righteous Gamaliel the Elder, Pharisee, Teacher of The Law (mid-1st century)
 * Virgin-martyr Glyceria at Heraclea, Propontis (c. 138-161)
 * Martyr Laodicius, jailer of Saint Glyceria (c. 138-161)
 * Saint Theoctistus, monk from Tekoa, Palestine
 * Saint Pausicacus, Bishop of Synnada (606)
 * Saint Nicephoros, Presbyter of the monastery of Ephapsios
 * Saint Sergius (George) the Confessor of Constantinople, with his wife Irene and children (c. 829-842)
 * Saint Euthymius the New (the Illuminator) (1028), founder of Iveron Monastery, and his fellow Georgian saints of Mount Athos:
 * His father monk-martyr John of Iveron (998); his cousin monk-martyr George of Iveron (1065); and monk-martyr Gabriel of Iveron (10th century)

Pre-Schism Western saints

 * Saint Abban of Ireland, baptized in 165 AD, missionary in Abingdon, Oxfordshire (2nd century)
 * Martyr Alexander of Rome (284-305)
 * Saint Valerian of Auxerre, third Bishop of Auxerre in France, and defender of Orthodoxy against Arianism. (350)
 * Saint Onesimus of Gaul, fifth Bishop of Soissons in France (361)
 * Saint Servatius, Bishop of Tongres, defender against Arianism in the Netherlands (384)
 * Saint Agnes of Poitiers, chosen by St. Radegund to be Abbess of Holy Cross at Poitiers in France (588)
 * Saint Mael (Mahel), Ascetic on the Isle of Bardsey (6th century)
 * Saint Natalis (Natale), Bishop of Milan in Italy (751)
 * Saint Anno (Hanno, Annon), Bishop of Verona in Italy (780)
 * Saint Merwenna of Rumsey (Merwinna, Merewenna), first Abbess of Rumsey convent, in Hampshire (c. 970)
 * Blessed Fortis Gabrielli, Ascetic (1040)

Post-Schism Orthodox saints

 * Venerable monk-martyrs of Iveron Monastery, martyred by the Latins (c. 1259-1280)
 * Repose of Saint Macarius, Abbot of Glushitsa Monastery, Vologda (1480)
 * Righteous Virgin Glyceria of Novgorod (1522)

New martyrs and confessors

 * Hieromartyrs Basil Sokolov, Alexander Zaozersky, and Christopher Nadezhdin (1922)
 * Hieromartyr Macarius Telegin, and Martyr Sergius Tikhomirov (1922)
 * 103 New Hieromartyrs of Cherkasy (20th century)

Other commemorations

 * Consecration of the Monastery of Panagia Pantanassa (Most-Holy Queen of All), on the small island of Hagia Glykeria (Incirli Adasi) in the Bay of Tuzla (12th century)
 * Translation of the relics (1688) of Hieromartyr Saint Macarius, Archimandrite of Ovruch and Pinsk, from Kaniv to Pereyaslavl (1678)
 * Birth of righteous Priest Alexis of Bortsurmany, disciple of St. Seraphim of Sarov (1762; †1848).
 * Repose of Rassophore Monk John, of St. Nilus of Sora Monastery (1863)
 * Repose of Eldress Sepfora of Klykovo (1997)

title: May 13 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)


text: Talk:MeadWestvaco

title: Talk:MeadWestvaco


text: Category:Buildings and structures in Edinburgh


text:
User talk:PeterWoodman

Welcome to the Wikipedia
I noticed you were new, and wanted to share some links I thought useful:

 * Tutorial
 * Help desk
 * Foundation issues
 * Policy Library

For more information click  here . You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

Sam Spade 20:57, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:PeterWoodman


text:
Santa Maria Maior (Funchal)

Santa Maria Maior (Portuguese meaning Saint Mary the Great) is a civil parish in the eastern part of the municipality of Funchal on the island of Madeira. The population in 2011 was 13,352, in an area of 4.86 km2.

History
From the initial founding of Funchal, the island of Madeira was peppered with small settlements along the coasts near access to the sea. The settlement that would later take on the name of Santa Maria Maior developed spontaneously from the first homes constructed in 1425. This agglomeration extended from Ribeira do João Gomes until Corpo Santo, along the beachfront, and concentrated around a small temple constructed to the invocation of Santa Maria, or Santa Maria do Calhau as it was briefly known. Santa Maria do Calhau, constructed in 1430, served the congregations east of the bay of Funchal, and was also known as Nossa Senhora da Conceição de Baixo (Our Lady of the Conception), or simply Santa Maria Maior. The chapel was the seat of the parish of Santa Maria Maior until 1508, when the Church of the Sé Catedral was completed, and the parishioners were obligated to transfer there for services. Santa Maria Maior was the first parish to be instituted in Funchal. Its name was given, as some historians believe, because it was constructed in larger proportions than the chapel consecrated in the name of Nossa Senhora da Conceição ordered built by João Gonçalves Zarco (on the present site of the Church of Santa Clara). Zarco's chapel was known as Nossa Senhora da Conceição de Cima (meaning, geographically, top for its location), in opposition to Nossa Senhora da Conceição de Baixo (which means "bottom"), but referred to as Nossa Senhora do Calhau, because it was built on the coast (calhau is Portuguese for rock-covered beaches, typical of the Azores and Madeira).

The Church of Nossa Senhora do Calhau was destroyed, various times, by storm surges that battered the southern coast, eventually forcing many to concentrate in central Funchal, forming the central agglomeration of that municipality. Meanwhile, the construction of the Sé Catedral resulted in a dramatic population growth, and Santa Maria Maior lost its role as the parish seat to Sé. In 1557, Santa Maria Maior is divided into two individual parishes: Sé, seat in the Sé Cathedral and Santa Maria Maior, whose seat remained at the Church of Nossa Senhora do Calhau. On 18 November 1557, in accord with ecclesiastical authorities, the parish of Santa Maria Maior was established: its head was the vicar António Mourão.

Socially, the population was dominated by artisans and "men of office", although subsistence agriculture was important.

After an alluvial flood in 1803, that destroyed a great part of the Church of Nossa Senhora do Calhau, the parish seat moved to the Church of São Tiago (who had become the patron saint of Funchal). Finally, the ruins of the chapel were demolished in 1835, so that in its place (at the beginning of the Rua de Santa Maria Maior) was possible the construction of the Mercado da União (Union Market), which too was later removed in 1911.

In 1851 the Jewish Cemetery of Funchal was built in Rua do Lazareto, which still exists today.

In 1940 the Mercado dos Lavradores was opened.

Santa Maria Maior too was influenced by the evolution of the economic cycles, primarily wheat, sugar and wine, which developed the island in successive decades.

The administration of the parish remained under the ecclesiastical administration of the church, and through parish commissioners, who were later substituted by magistrates who were proposed by the municipal council.

Geography
It is located about 3 km east of the urban centre of Funchal, 4.5 km southwest Camacha and only 3 km west Caniço. The area is an urbanized section of the municipality of Funchal linked by ancillary roads to other sections of the island, as well as roadway that extends across the island. Until the mid-20th century, much of the interior of this parish was pasture and agricultural lands (central and western section), with denser forest in the northeast and northwest. The encroachment of urban housing, especially after the Carnation Revolution resulted in a transformation of this area into an ancillary bedroom community of Funchal.

title: Santa Maria Maior (Funchal)


text:
Category:Sport in Edinburgh

 * Sport in Edinburgh, Scotland.

title: Category:Sport in Edinburgh


text:
Talk:Nólsoy

Untitled
I grew up on Nólsoy and I know that all sources say that Eggjaklettur is the only mountain in Nólsoy. But Eggjaklettur is only the name of the highest point. Walk some metres and you are not on Eggjaklettur anymore. The only mountain name that can be used is Høgoyggj, which means High Island. It is the name for the highest part of the island. Any other name for any mountain would simply be wrong.

--JJ-Hammer 20:59, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Hey Jógvan! This sounds very reasonable. I have been on Høgoyggj twice, and ofcourse no one (of us tourists) cares so much about, which point has which certain name there. It is just the "Nólsoy mountain" in my mind. By the way, it looks impressive in the morning, when you arrive the Faroes for your first time - something like "wow, how high are the cliffs here! Great - oh look - a puffin!". Well, well, one learns quickly, that Nólsoy is quite "flat" and a cliff is something completely different here (not just an ordinary mountain rising out of the sea). But however, Nólsoy is one of the most interesting places in the Faroes to me. Hope, you write a little bit more one day... ;-) -- Arne List 21:39, 21 September 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Nólsoy


text:
User talk:Andoceo

Welcome to the Wikipedia
I noticed you were new, and wanted to share some links I thought useful:

 * Tutorial
 * Help desk
 * Foundation issues
 * Policy Library

For more information click  here . You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

Sam Spade 21:00, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Please do not add commercial links (or links to your own private websites) to Wikipedia. Wikipedia is not a vehicle for advertising or a mere collection of external links. You are, however, encouraged to add content instead of links to the encyclopedia. See the welcome page to learn more. Thanks. --Pavel Vozenilek 22:12, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Andoceo


text: Template:User th

title: Template:User th


text: User talk:82.157.221.93

title: User talk:82.157.221.93


text:
Talk:Mark Clayton (American football, born 1961)

Date of birth
The help mailing list received an e-mail from a user as follows.

I was reading your article on Mark Clayton, former Miami Dolphins wide receiver and noticed a mistake. Mark Clayton was born on April 8,1961, not October 13,1961. Therefore he does not share a birthday with Jerry Rice, unless Jerry's b-day is in April.

A reference check of Who's Who confirmed this claim and the date has been changed. Capitalistroadster 03:12, 17 November 2005 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Samsung SPH-i550

04/12/2005 - The Samsung SCH-i539 Palm OS phone was just released in China while the US version of this phone, the SPH-i550, was cancelled by Sprint just a few weeks earlier. The i539 has a high-res 320x352 internal screen and an external OLED display. The camera takes 1MP stills and can record video. A built-in MP3 player is controlled by external buttons without having to open the phone. More specifications and pretty pictures can be found here. Also on that page is a link to a petition to have the US version of the phone, the SPH-i550, released, along with an "article" describing what statement the petition is trying to make and why, given that it takes only a few keystrokes and a mouse click, it may be worthwhile for you to sign it.

title: Talk:Samsung SPH-i550


text:
Ruth Bancroft Garden

The Ruth Bancroft Garden is a 2.5 acre public dry garden established by Ruth Bancroft. It contains more than 2,000 cactus, succulents, trees, and shrubs native to California, Mexico, Chile, South Africa, and Australia. It is located at 1552 Bancroft Road in Walnut Creek, California, USA.

History
The Garden began in the early 1950s as Ruth Bancroft's private collection of potted plants within Bancroft Farm, a 400 acre property bought by publisher Hubert Howe Bancroft (grandfather of Ruth's husband Philip) in the 1880s as an orchard for pears and walnuts. In the 1950s, Bancroft brought home a single succulent, an Aeonium grown by plant breeder Glenn Davidson. By 1972, the collection was moved to its current site, when the orchard was cut down and the land was rezoned.

In 1989, it became the first garden in the United States to be preserved by The Garden Conservancy, and has been open to the public since 1992. Today the Garden is an outstanding landscape of xerophytes (dry-growing plants). It is open to the public for an admission fee of $8–10.

Collection
Garden collections include the following plants:
 * Aeoniums
 * Aloes
 * Agavoideae
 * Brachychiton trees including Brachychiton rupestris
 * Brahea palms including Brahea armata
 * Bromeliaceae-Bromeliads including Dyckias, Hechtias, and Puyas (including Puya chilensis)
 * Butia palms
 * Dasylirions including Dasylirion longissimum and Dasylirion wheeleri
 * Dudleyas
 * Echeverias
 * Echinocacti
 * Furcraeas including Furcraea cabuya
 * Hesperaloes including Hesperaloe parviflora
 * Hesperoyuccas including Hesperoyucca whipplei
 * Jubaea chilenensis palms
 * Nolinas; Xanthorrhoeas including Xanthorrhoea preissii
 * Yuccas including Yucca filamentosa, Yucca gloriosa, and Yucca rostrata

title: Ruth Bancroft Garden


text:
Binder

Binder may refer to:

Businesses

 * Binder FBM, a former German jewelry manufactory
 * Binder Dijker Otte & Co., the expansion of "BDO" in BDO International

Computing

 * Binder Project, package and share interactive, reproducible environments
 * File binder, software that binds files into one executable
 * Microsoft Binder, a discontinued Microsoft Office application
 * OpenBinder, a system for inter-process communication

Geography

 * Binder, Khentii, a district of Khentii Province in eastern Mongolia
 * Binder, an abandoned village in Germany at the site of Hunnesrück

Stationery

 * Binder (rubber band)
 * Binder clip, a small device for holding together sheets of paper
 * Ring binder, a device to hold together multiple sheets of paper with punched-in holes

Other uses

 * Binder (material), any material or substance that holds or draws other materials together
 * Binder (surname), a surname
 * Binder Twine Festival, an annual festival in Kleinburg, Ontario
 * Phosphate binder, a medication used to reduce the absorption of phosphate
 * Reaper-binder, a type of farm equipment
 * A garment or bandage used for breast binding
 * A base class in the role-playing game Dungeons & Dragons
 * Insurance Binder, a contract of a temporary insurance policy
 * The film-forming component of paint

title: Binder


text:
Talk:Jim Henson Pictures

Untitled
Films released before the formation of Jim Henson Pictures should not be listed here. —tregoweth 21:04, Apr 17, 2005 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 11:14, 18 March 2021 (UTC)
 * Jim Henson Pictures logo.svg

title: Talk:Jim Henson Pictures


text:
Buster Rhymes

George "Buster" Rhymes (born January 27, 1962) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL) and Canadian Football League (CFL).

Biography
Rhymes grew up in Liberty City, an inner city neighborhood of Miami, Florida. He graduated from Miami Northwestern and committed to the University of Oklahoma under coach Barry Switzer in 1980. He was named Dade County's Athlete of the Year for 1979–80.

Buster achieved All-American recognition at Oklahoma as a wide receiver.

Standing 6 ft tall and weighing 218 lb, Rhymes was selected by the Minnesota Vikings in the fourth round of the 1985 NFL draft. Rhymes played in two NFL seasons for the Vikings in 1985 and 1986, and in 1985 set an NFL single-season record for kick return yardage with 1,345 yards; the league record has since been broken, but the total stood as a Vikings franchise record until broken by Cordarrelle Patterson in the final game of the 2013 season. Following his NFL stint, Rhymes went to Canada and played for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the CFL. He spent two seasons there (1988 and 1989), winning a Grey Cup championship ring in 1988.

In popular culture
Rhymes was the inspiration behind American rapper Busta Rhymes' stage name, which was given to him by Chuck D.

title: Buster Rhymes


text: User talk:68.85.51.251

title: User talk:68.85.51.251


text:
Arnside railway station

Arnside is a railway station on the Furness Line, which runs between Barrow-in-Furness and Lancaster. The station, situated 12+1/4 mi north-west of Lancaster, serves the village of Arnside in Cumbria. It is owned by Network Rail and managed by Northern Trains.

A short distance west of the station, the railway crosses the River Kent on an impressive 50-span viaduct that is some 475 m long. The historic structure underwent major repairs and refurbishment, including the complete replacement of the rail deck in 2011. Similar work was carried out on the nearby Leven Estuary viaduct in the spring of 2006.

History
Opened on 1 August 1858 by the Ulverstone and Lancaster Railway (a company backed by, and later taken over by the Furness Railway) (FR), the station became part of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway during the Grouping of 1923. The station then passed on to the London Midland Region of British Railways on nationalisation in 1948.

When Sectorisation was introduced in the 1980s, the station was served by Regional Railways until the privatisation of British Rail.

A short branch line to Sandside and Hincaster Junction on the West Coast Main Line once diverged from the main line here, which carried a Grange-over-Sands to Kendal local service from its opening in 1876 until 1942. In July 1922, this FR service ran five times per day in each direction on weekdays. The branch was also used by mineral trains from County Durham to the Barrow-in-Furness area, allowing them to avoid having to reverse direction at the busy junction at Carnforth. Local freight traffic continued as far as Sandside until final closure of the line in 1972. The disused platform face and trackbed is still visible behind the southbound platform.

Facilities
Whilst one building remains at the station, it is not in railway use. Shelters are provided for passengers on both platforms, but the only link between them is via a footbridge with stairs (no step-free access). Digital information screens, customer help points, timetable posters and automated announcements provide train running details. As the station is unstaffed, tickets can only be bought from the ticket machine or on the train.

Services
It is served by stopping trains between Lancaster and Barrow, with some continuing to Sellafield or Carlisle via the Cumbrian Coast Line in the northbound direction and by some through services southbound to Preston and Manchester Airport. There is one train per hour in each direction on weekdays, although the varying nature of the stopping patterns of each service means the timetable is irregular. On Sundays there is a train every hour each way (up from a two-hourly frequency since May 2018).

title: Arnside railway station


text:
Santa Maria Maior

Santa Maria Maior may refer:

Places

 * Santa Maria Maior (Chaves), a parish in the municipality of Chaves
 * Santa Maria Maior (Lisbon), a parish in the municipality of Lisbon
 * Santa Maria Maior (Viana do Castelo), a parish in the municipality of Viana do Castelo
 * Santa Maria Maior (Funchal), a parish in the municipality of Funchal, Madeira

Churches

 * Santa Maria Maior de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; a Roman Catholic cathedral
 * Church of Santa Maria Maior, Chaves, Portugal

title: Santa Maria Maior


text:
Category:Vibilia asteroids

See parent category for proper sortkey usage instructions.

title: Category:Vibilia asteroids


text:
Talk:Guerrilla gig

Bands
This article probably include something about the band Friends Forever, Lightning Bolt's Load labelmates who tour and play in their VW van and are notorious for this sort of gig style!

I just moved this article to one with more appropriate capitalization. Please lodge any complaints with the proper authorities. :) —  Stevie is the man!  Talk 21:05, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Im not sue about the White Stripes being guerilla giggers. Have they ever done one?

So, I guess Avril Lavigne's "Sk8er Boi" video could be used as an example of a guerilla gig? --Enigmatick 16:36, 25 October 2005 (UTC)
 * uggh, I knew someone would mention that. Don't mention it, it just encourages her.

might this page be a bit biased? guerilla gig succeeding where punk failed isn't exactly a statement you can make with absolute objectivity.

Rewrite
I re-wrote the article to provide a clearer and more concise description of the phenomenon and its core features, provide concrete examples, and remove some of the idealistic hyperbole. I also added geographical sections for future development. I took out this massive, rambling, and self-promoting quote:

The earliest precedent for a guerrilla gig were gigs by the heavy metal band Hawkwind and their sister band, The Pink Fairies. As Twink explains:

''"In 1969 my world collided with the likes of Paul Rudolph, Duncan Sanderson and Russell Hunter, and for the next two years we felt like we could inherit the earth. Pretty large aspirations for four hippies from Ladbroke Grove. Remember, this was the dawn of stadium rock, with bands like Led Zeppelin rearing it's ugly head. The era of rock gods, inflated ticket prices, and total inaccessibility for fans. We wanted to tear it all down. Pick by pick. The thought of our fans PAYING to see us was incomprehensible. We played only for free, after all money was the root of all evil, right? We waved two fingers at corporate rock by setting up and playing OUTSIDE of huge rock events. Why pay? We'll give it to you for free. We bewitched people from the entry gates at the Isle of Wight and Bath. We got naked at Phun City, played benefits for the underground press, rocked a gay pride rally, and helped organize the very first Glastonbury Festival. We shamelessly promoted ourselves by spray painting our name on the sides of express coaches that crossed country. We influenced everyone, from Hawkwind to the Sex Pistols. We were the peoples' band. Long live rocknroll." -Twink'' I didn't make any other reference to Hawkwind because, other than this quote, I couldn't find any real information about their role, besides a brief reference to free festivals in their article, and that is a very different phenomenon from a guerrilla gig. Instead, I added a reference in the second paragraph to bands playing outside of proper events.  It would be useful to have a Precursors section, but this particular quote is inadequate to function as a source (and is itself unsourced) and doesn't present specific examples which could be referred to.  OneVeryBadMan 11:22, 7 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm not completely sure you did take it out, as when I came to copyedit the article it was still there. Unless our edits crossed over. The quote is too long, though it would be good to find sourced material on these precursors. Things like playing outside commercial festivals do sound relevant. Notinasnaid 11:25, 7 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes, indeed, we did cross edit paths. It would be a good section to develop, which is why I moved the quote over here first so that I or someone else can come back later and research it.  It didn't think it seemed appropriate for the article as it stood.  OneVeryBadMan 11:32, 7 August 2006 (UTC)

Added a word!
I've changed the sentence: The earliest example of a guerrilla gig was on January 30 To: The earliest known example of a guerrilla gig was on January 30

Because there may have been lots of those kinds of performances earlier, just none that were as famous. Gumdropster 15:27, 25 August 2007 (UTC)

NPOV removed
The article has been changed since 2007, I've removed the NPOV template, please use or better yet  for sentences, then detail issues here. This will help address them in a timely manner. - RoyBoy 19:06, 31 December 2011 (UTC)

Aerosmith
Would the 1325 Commonwealth Avenue Aerosmith Concert count? If so, someone needs to add it, as I will be very busy for the next few months. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Drlf (talk • contribs) 01:20, 19 November 2012 (UTC)

in popular culture section
thought it might be fun if someone (not me, im not a vandal ) added this lyric from half man half biscuits song ...

Asparagus Next Left

We’ve just been performing a guerrilla gig In the middle of another group’s guerrilla gig Well surely that’s the ultimate guerrilla gig But still they cried like girls — Preceding unsigned comment added by 109.155.145.143 (talk) 14:44, 11 July 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Guerrilla gig


text:
Charles George Drake

Charles George Drake (July 21, 1920 – September 15, 1998) was a Canadian neurosurgeon known for his work on treating aneurysms.

Born in Windsor, Ontario, he received his BSc and MD degrees from The University of Western Ontario.

From 1974 until 1984 he was Chairman of the Department of Surgery at the University of Western Ontario. In 1986, he co-founded the Robarts Research Institute, which was Canada's only independent medical research centre until its recent merger with the university. While he practiced, he was a member of The Harvey Club of London, the oldest medical club in Canada.

He was the president of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada (1971–1973), the American Association of Neurological Surgeons (1977), the American College of Surgeons (1984–1985), the World Federation of Neurological Societies (1977–1981), the Society of Neurological Surgeons (1980), and the American Surgical Association (1986–1987).

In 1982 he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada and was promoted to Companion in 1998. In 1994 he was inducted in the Canadian Medical Hall of Fame. There is also a metal bust of his head outside the main entrance of London's University Hospital, where Drake practised. The bust was unveiled in 2003 by his wife Ruth and Della Reese, one of his former patients.

He married Ruth Pitts.

Honours
CAN Order of Canada Companion ribbon.svg Order Ontario ribbon bar.svg CAN 125th Anniversary of the Confederation of Canada Medal ribbon.svg

Honorary Degrees

 * Honorary degrees

title: Charles George Drake


text:
Champaran

Champaran is a region of Bihar in India. It is now divided into an East Champaran district and a West Champaran district.

History
In 1917, Mahatma Gandhi led a satyagraha movement in Champaran district against the policies enforced by European landowners and the colonial government. These policies coerced local farmers into cultivating indigo at low prices. In response to Gandhi's leadership, the British authorities initially arrested him but later released him, subsequently amending the laws to alleviate the plight of the peasants. This marked Gandhi's inaugural campaign in India and a significant triumph for the principles of Civil Disobedience.

Notable people

 * Manoj Bajpai – Indian film actor
 * Dinesh Bhramar – poet and noted figure in Hindi and Bhojpuri literature
 * Anuranjan Jha – Indian journalist
 * Abdur Rahman (IPS), Former Indian police officer.
 * Prakash Jha – Indian filmmaker
 * Ramesh Chandra Jha – Indian poet, novelist and freedom fighter
 * Abdullah Khan – novelist and screenwriter
 * Ravish Kumar – Indian journalist
 * Gopal Singh Nepali – Indian poet of Hindi literature, Bollywood lyricist
 * George Orwell – English novelist, essayist, journalist and critic
 * Kedar Pandey – Congress leader and ex-Chief Minister of Bihar
 * Afroz Alam Sahil – Indian journalist
 * Raj Kumar Shukla – indigo cultivator, activist
 * Radha Mohan Singh – Indian politician
 * Sanjeev K Jha – Indian script writer, filmmaker

title: Champaran


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Persikka Interactive

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE, which will be implemented pending resolution of block compression errors. Postdlf 22:38, 1 May 2005 (UTC)

Persikka Interactive
Non-notable. TigerShark 21:06, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Comment, i don't intend to vote, but their homepage says (in Finnish) that the company is now defunct. bbx 01:36, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * If it's defunct, then delete.   — J I P | Talk 06:56, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
User talk:Bernard van der Wees

Welcome to the Wikipedia
I noticed you were new, and wanted to share some links I thought useful:

 * Tutorial
 * Help desk
 * Foundation issues
 * Policy Library

For more information click  here . You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

Sam Spade 21:06, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Bernard van der Wees


text:
Category:Theobalda asteroids

See parent category for proper sortkey usage instructions.

title: Category:Theobalda asteroids


text:
User talk:Ruckc

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --JYolkowski 21:07, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

title: User talk:Ruckc