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User:Bky1701/Crosssword Empire

The Crossword Empire is a fictional nation in William Kappler (BKY)'s stories.

Lead by emperor BKY the Crosssword Empire slowly took power over the world.

The Empire is headed by Azuka City, the nation that’s only purposes is to make sure the empire still fallows it's ideals.

The nation is built upon the fact that many government types can be worked into one nation using proper control.

The Crosssword Empire is made up of the USC (Former USA), USSR, UPC (Utopianist People of Crossswordea) and many other small nations.

In the empire all ideas are at lest given a chance and all ideals are tried (given they have the supporters to make a sub-nation)

The Empire's internet is called X.A.N.A. (Experimental Azuka Networking Automation), a form of process/data sharing network that was first used in Azuka.

The Empire's capital city is called Crossswordea (sometimes called "The City of Crossswordea" to avoid the mistake that it may be referring to the empire itself). Crossswordea is split just as the Empire into many small cities that represent the nations of the empire. In the center of Crossswordea is Azuka; the most high-tech city in the world.

Azuka City
Azuka (a-zoo-ca or a-zook-a) translates literally into "City of Water" in ancient Crosswordea and Azukan.

Azuak city heads the Crosssword Empire by balancing it's sub-nations and putting them all in a state of fear. Azuka City controls both an arsenal of atomic weapons and orbital ion cannons.

Crosssword Policies
The Crossword Empire is officially "anti-nothing"; meaning nothing is taboo, everything is normal some place in the Empire.

In 2203 all remaining nuclear weapons were confiscated by Azuka and an official ban was put on nuclear weapons in all sub-nations but Azuka.

Sub-Nations
Name - government

The City of Azuka - Totalitarian Socialism/Despotism

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics - Intense Socialism

The Utopianist People of Crossswordea - "Utopianism" (Communism/Socialism)

The Anarchist Land of Crossswordea (no official name) - None Anarchy

X.A.N.A.
X.A.N.A. is the biggest computer ever made, built of Octagonal processor cards, it has more power then all computers before it put together.

Octagonal over view
Octagonal processor cards do not use CPUs, they are CPUs; the entire computer can process commands, making for nearly instant data computation. Octagonal computers are similar to bio-neural circuitry; at lest in the fact it can change it's "cells" purposes and expand as needed (to a point). Unlike bio-neural circuitry; Octagonal Processors can not die, catch (physical) viruses or burn up as easily.

Octagonal processor cards use cells, not CPUs, RAM, or any such designated purpose items. Every cell can be configured to do a wide rang of jobs, in a very shot time.

X.A.N.A. Kernel
Unlike all other computers (even Octagonal) X.A.N.A. runs in a way that no one program is responsible for it’s functions, making it unhackble using normal methods.

Core Code Encryption (CCE)

To keep anyone out of its core, X.A.N.A. uses Fractal Encryption on its one core code. This one code is unknown due to the inability to hash it into a Fractal using X.A.N.A. Fractal Encryption. Only 2 things on earth know the core code: X.A.N.A. itself, and BKY.

X.A.N.A. Fractal Encryption
Fractal Encryption is to make data unreadable, even by the person that made it, normal Fractal Encryption at lest. Fractal Encryption is to encrypt data using itself as the key; in other words you can only get the data if you have the data. Even at that it is near impossible to undo Fractal Encryption, X.A.N.A. uses a from of Fractal Encryption that hashes the data into an unreadable from, then binds that data with itself to make the key.

To give you an idea of how uncrackible X.A.N.A. Fractal Encryption is, you can look at this math formula:

D = data.

D X D X D^D

For just the number 6 the key is 1,679,616.

If you just take 12345678910, the key is just like pi (incomputable). Try to put it into a calculator, or bettor a computer. You will get one of 2 things; a crash or an "invalid for input". If you put just 123 (computable by google), you will get 1.73036981 × 10^261.

Now think of making a hexadecimal word in it. If the password was "hi" the computer would be uncrackible.

There are many possible ways of hashing the key, XANA uses this one:

Assign a number to every letter based on it's place in the alphabet. A21 B22 C23 D24 E25 F26 G27 H28 I29 J210 K211 L212 M213 N214 O215 P216 Q217 R218 S219 T220 U221 V222 W223 X224 Y225 Z226

Or if you are not using numbers: a1 b2 c3 d4 e5 f6 g7 h8 i9 j10 k11 l12 m13 n14 o15 p16 q17 r18 s19 t20 u21 v22 w23 x24 y25 z26

XANA does not use numbers.

Turn the word into it's key: word x word^word.

X.A.N.A. History
Before it was X.A.N.A., Azuka was run off the ACDAI (pronounced "Ackidei"), or as it was known to OPS, the Azuka Core Data Access Interface. ACDAI ran the COFS (Crosssword Octal File Structure) file system.

Once BKY returned to power, the computers in Azuka surpassed the old ACDAI's capabilities by much, this led BKY to one of his oddest moves in his time as emperor; releasing a virus called "XANA" onto the Azuka computers. He did this, of course, without the knowledge of must OPS officers (except for the ones that made XANA). The name "Azuka X.A.N.A." quickly filled the screens of all computers in Azuka. The OPS department unknowingly tried to delete XANA, resulting in damage to the core.

X.A.N.A. File System
Azuka still (at lest in the eyes of the public) uses COFS.

COFS is very different from other file systems in many ways.

Instead of using binary 0's and 1's ("is it there or is it not?), COFS uses a octal base data structure, this means in one cell on the data storage (whatever it may be) it can store up to 8 different digits. Think of it as a multiple choice question as apposed to a yes or no question; there are a lot more possibilities beyond the fact you can map 4x the data to one bit. COFS can only run on Octagonal multiple-state RAM and processor cells.

COFS is compatible with binary-to-octal base data translation, but only when truly needed is it used.

title: User:Bky1701/Crosssword Empire


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Paul Dempsey

Paul Anthony Dempsey (born 25 May 1976) is an Australian musician. He is best known as the lead singer, guitarist and principal lyricist of rock group Something for Kate. Dempsey released his debut solo album, Everything Is True, on 20 August 2009, which peaked at No. 5 on the ARIA Albums Chart. He has also produced and co-written albums for other artists, including Mosman Alder.

Dempsey has experienced bouts of clinical depression and periods of writer's block, both of which have been publicised. Australian musicologist Ian McFarlane noted that he "has the capacity to lay his soul bare through his music, there is little pretence or adherence to fashionable measures in the band's delivery". In 2006, Dempsey married Something for Kate's bass guitarist Stephanie Ashworth (formerly of Sandpit).

Early years
Dempsey was born on 25 May 1976 and grew up in Melbourne. His father, Charlie Dempsey (born 7 November 1937), and mother, Gillian (née Barrington, born 25 May 1944), were recent Irish immigrants. Charlie died in a car accident when Dempsey was one year old and "too young to remember". He and his three older sisters, including Gillian "Jill" (born 1964) and Moira (born 1967), were raised by his mother and grandmother.

After initially learning piano from his grandmother, Dempsey switched to guitar when he was eight, and later taught himself to play drums. For his final years of secondary schooling he attended Padua College on the Mornington Peninsula, where he was interested in playing basketball.

1994–2007: Something for Kate
In mid-1994, six months after leaving Padua College, Dempsey, on lead guitar and lead vocals, formed Something for Kate in Melbourne, Australia, with school friend Clint Hyndman on drums. They soon recruited Julian Carroll to play bass guitar by advertising in local record stores.

Initially named Fish of the Day, the group were renamed after a gig at the Punter's Club, with Dempsey's Jack Russell dog, Kate, serving as the key inspiration. They played two shows before they released a demo tape in 1995. In early 1996, they were signed to the Sony subsidiary label Murmur Records by A&R representative Chris Dunn—all of the members were 19 years old at the time. From 1996 to 2007, the band released five studio albums, four of which peaked within the ARIA top 10. In 2007, the band announced they were on a hiatus.

2008–2011: Solo Career and Everything Is True
In 2007, Dempsey began writing material for his debut solo album. By 2009, he had commenced recording an album titled Everything Is True in Los Angeles with mix engineer-producer Doug Boehm—in April 2009, the process was complete. The first single, "Out the Airlock", was briefly offered as a free download on his website before being officially released on 15 May 2009. The album was released on 14 August 2009 and peaked at No. 5 on the ARIA Album Chart. At the ARIA Music Awards of 2009, Dempsey and the album were nominated for three ARIA Awards: ARIA Award for Best Male Artist, ARIA Award for Best Adult Contemporary Album and ARIA Award for Producer of the Year.

Following the release of his solo album, Dempsey and Ashworth relocated to New York, US, for two years in 2010. While in the US, Dempsey formed a backing band but also performed solo shows; in a June 2013 interview, Dempsey explained: "In our two years in New York I think I played more shows in that two years than I had in the previous 10. I felt like I was being what I regard as a working musician, actually going out and playing music every night or several nights a week. As someone who's been doing it for nearly 20 years, I think it is important to put yourself in situations where you feel like you're doing it for the first time and you still have something to prove to an audience and—most importantly—to yourself."

Dempsey released a solo album of cover versions called Shotgun Karaoke, which was released on 4 October 2013 and peaked at No. 17 on the ARIA Album Chart.

2012–present: Something for Kate and solo work
In September 2012, the sixth Something for Kate studio album, Leave Your Soul to Science, was released and debuted at No. 5 on the ARIA Album Chart. The band commenced a national Australian tour in support of the album in June 2013. Dempsey revealed his ongoing enthusiasm for live performance prior to the tour: "I enjoy getting out and playing more than ever. I get more impatient and frustrated that I can't do it more often."

Dempsey released a second solo album called Shotgun Karaoke, which was released on 4 October 2013 and peaked at No. 17 on the ARIA Album Chart.

In regard to the changes that the internet has had on the music industry, Dempsey said in November 2014: "A ton of things have changed and a ton of things haven't changed. I think the only brand new hurdle is that most music is now simply there for the taking and a large proportion of the population seem disinclined to assign any value at all to the hard work and resources that went into creating it. Other than that, the only thing that matters is the only thing that's ever mattered (in my opinion) and that is getting out there and playing your arse off in front of people anywhere you can, anytime you can. It's better than radio, it's better than the internet, it's better than a review and it's better for you and your band. If you want to be a musician, go be a musician. Be prepared to lose money and play to no one [but] hopefully it'll get better as you get better."

Other projects
In late 1997, Dempsey filled in as a guitarist for Brisbane band Fur, and Perth-based band Ammonia. He also played drums for two Bluebottle Kiss shows and for his sister's band, John Smith.

In 1998, he recorded an album of songs that he had written for a side project with other musicians (including Glenn Richards of Augie March) called Scared of Horses.

In 2003, he produced and played drums, bass, guitar and keyboards on The Givegoods' 2003 album, I Want to Kill a Rich Man. The Givegoods was the project of Tom Morgan (Smudge) and Andy Calvert, with assistance from Evan Dando (The Lemonheads) and Juanita Stein (Waikiki and Howling Bells).

Between 2006 and 2010, Dempsey produced the album The Gleaner for Melbourne singer-songwriter Brendan Welch.

In October 2009 at the Melbourne International Arts Festival, Dempsey performed in the world premiere of the musical theatre production of Dirtsong, created by Black Arm Band. The songs were written by Alexis Wright, with some sung in Indigenous languages. The show was reprised as the closing show at the 2014 Adelaide Festival. Other performers included Trevor Jamieson (2014 only), Archie Roach, Lou Bennett, Jimmy Barnes, and Emma Donovan.

In 2010, Dempsey played a variety of instruments on several of Melbourne dance artist T-Rek's albums, and contributed keyboards on Melbourne band The Nation Blue's album Protest Songs. In April 2010, Dempsey produced and mixed the third studio EP, Heavy Harm, by Sydney rock band, Papa VS Pretty.

In October 2011, Dempsey performed with the Black Arm Band, Archie Roach, Mavis Staples, Ricki Lee Jones, and Joss Stone in "Notes From the Hard Road and Beyond", which was part of the Melbourne Festival and was held at The Sidney Myer Music Bowl. Dempsey played guitar and performed a duet with Stone, sang with Staples, and performed a rendition of "A Hard Rain's A-Gonna Fall" with Australian singer-songwriter Shane Howard.

In January 2014, Dempsey produced the debut album, Humdrum Star, for six-piece Brisbane band Mosman Alder. The album was released on Dew Process Records.

In late 2014, Dempsey commenced production work on a new album for Mike Noga, former drummer of The Drones. Based on the experiences of fellow musicians like Davey Lane (You Am I), Noga launched a Pozible campaign to pay for the anticipated recording costs of A$16,000. Noga explained seven days prior to the close of the campaign in late November 2014 that he asked Dempsey to produce the album:"'Paul and I have been friends for many years now and we've discovered that we work pretty damn well together. I'm somewhat 'loose' when it comes to songwriting and he is the exact opposite, so put us together in a room and it all evens out quite nicely. He also knows a hell of a lot about recording equipment which I profess to know absolutely nothing about ... He hears things others don't.'"

Television
Dempsey appeared as a panellist on RocKwiz on 24 February 2007, performing a solo version of "Monsters" and George Michael's "Careless Whisper" with Kate Miller-Heidke. He also appeared on Good News Week on 26 October 2009, performing the song "Fire" by Bruce Springsteen as part of the "Strange But True" segment. Dempsey appeared on RocKwiz again on 8 June. He performed a solo version of "Survival Expert" from Something for Kate's album Leave Your Soul to Science as well as Hall & Oates "Out of Touch" with Emily Lubitz.

Personal life
Dempsey has suffered bouts of clinical depression and has also complained about periods of writer's block. In a 2010 interview he explained:

"I think a lot of people who suffer from depression feel guilty. They feel like being selfish, they feel like they shouldn't talk about it because they sound like they are whining. I think it is important to not be like that and talk about it, so that people think that it is OK to talk about it. If anybody sees me talking about it and therefore thinks that it is alright for them to talk to their friends about it, than that is a good thing. I get a lot of emails and a lot of letters from people who tell me that they are going through the same thing or that they had battles with depression as well and that it gave them some sort of strength or consolation to know that someone else that they respect goes through that as well. It is a lot of people! It is one in five people in Australia."

In 2005, Dempsey married bandmate and long-term domestic partner Stephanie Ashworth in Las Vegas, Nevada. They are parents to a son, Miller, who was born in May 2011. In 2010, the couple had relocated to New York City, for two years, and Dempsey revealed his intention to return to the American city in a June 2013 interview.

In a November 2014 interview conducted by Mosman Alder, Dempsey replied to a question about whether he believes in the possibility of a soul or an afterlife by saying: "No more than I believe in the 'possibility' of a tooth fairy"; the interviewer described him as "a man of science and a sinful heathen-atheist". Later in the interview, Dempsey said that he is a fan of the astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson, whose writings he has read, and whom he has seen in a live discussion with Brian Greene that was held in New York City.

In November 2014, Dempsey said that his all-time favourite band is Fugazi.

APRA Awards
The APRA Awards are presented annually from 1982 by the Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA), "honouring composers and songwriters".

! Ref.
 * 2002
 * "Monsters" by Something for Kate (Paul Dempsey, Stephanie Ashworth, Clint Hyndman)
 * Song of the Year
 * Nominated
 * 2020
 * "Fear Of Missing Out" by Ainslie Wills (Ainslie Wills, Paul Dempsey, Lawrence Folvig, Arron Light)
 * Song of the Year
 * 2021
 * "Situation Room by Something for Kate (Paul Dempsey, Stephanie Ashworth, Clint Hyndman)
 * Song of the Year
 * 2021
 * "Situation Room by Something for Kate (Paul Dempsey, Stephanie Ashworth, Clint Hyndman)
 * Song of the Year
 * 2021
 * "Situation Room by Something for Kate (Paul Dempsey, Stephanie Ashworth, Clint Hyndman)
 * Song of the Year

National Live Music Awards
The National Live Music Awards (NLMAs) are a broad recognition of Australia's diverse live industry, celebrating the success of the Australian live scene. The awards commenced in 2016.

 * rowspan="2" | 2016
 * rowspan="2" | himself
 * Live Voice of the Year
 * Nominated
 * Victorian Live Voice of the Year
 * Won
 * Victorian Live Voice of the Year
 * Won

EG Awards/Music Victoria Awards
The Music Victoria Awards (previously known as The Age EG Awards and The Age Music Victoria Awards) are an annual awards night celebrating Victorian music.

 * rowspan="2" | 2009
 * himself
 * Best Male Artist
 * unknown
 * Everything Is True
 * Best Album
 * unknown
 * Best Album
 * unknown

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Paul Dempsey


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Anna Creek Station

Anna Creek Station is the world's largest working cattle station. It is located in the Australian state of South Australia.

Description
Anna Creek Station has an area of 23,677 km2. It is 8000 km2 larger than its nearest rival, Alexandria Station in the country's Northern Territory. It is over seven times the size of the United States' biggest ranch, King Ranch in Texas, which is 3340 km2.

The station is arid pastoral country. As of 16 December 2016, the station is owned by the Williams Cattle Company, a family business that bought Anna Creek from S. Kidman & Co, doubling their total area held under pastoral leases. The nearest township is William Creek (which is surrounded by the Anna Creek station), but the nearest town for freight is Coober Pedy.

History
The property was originally established in 1863 but moved to its current location in 1872. It was originally used for sheep, but due to losses from dingo attacks, they switched to cattle.

The land occupying the extent of the Anna Creek Station pastoral lease was gazetted as a locality by the Government of South Australia on 26 April 2013  with the name 'Anna Creek'.

Anna Creek in the 2000s
Despite its size, in 2007 Anna Creek Station was carrying only 1,500 head of cattle due to the 2000s drought. In 2008, when the station was owned by S. Kidman and Co Ltd, there were eight full-time staff and they were destocking all their cattle. Following floods in 2010, conditions improved and the station restocked. It had 10,000 head of cattle in May 2011 and is capable of carrying up to 16,500 head of cattle during a good season. They raise Santa Gertrudis cattle as they are suitable for hot, dry climates.

In mid April 2016, it was announced that the South Australian cattle company Williams Cattle Company was to acquire Anna Creek from S Kidman & Co, subject to approval by the Foreign Investment Review Board of the sale of the remainder of the Kidman holding to a consortium led by the Chinese group Dakang Australia Holdings. Federal Treasurer Scott Morrison blocked the sale later that month, in the national interest. Anna Creek is located in a weapons testing range. Morrison had previously blocked the sale of Kidman to related Chinese company, Pengxin Group. In December, Anna Creek was finally sold to the South Australian family business Williams Cattle Company, at an estimated $16 million, while the rest of the Kidman empire was sold to a consortium comprising mining magnate Gina Rinehart's Hancock Prospecting, owning 67%, and the Chinese company Shanghai CRED, owning 33%. The Williams family planned to invest heavily in new waters and trucking yards in order to facilitate an increase in the number of stock carried on the station.

Life at Anna Creek
There is a main homestead at Anna Creek and an outstation at The Peake. Although the homesteads are very isolated, they have satellite telecommunications including television and internet. The Coober Pedy Oodnadatta One Day Mail Run delivers mail twice a week and can bring a small amount of freight. The Peake Ruins, including those of a former telegraph office, cemetery, mine site and lime kilns at the outstation, are listed on the South Australian Heritage Register. The Strangways Springs Telegraph Station Ruins on the station are also listed on the Heritage Register.

Once there was a large workforce of stockmen at Anna Creek, who mustered the cattle on horses. Today light aircraft are used for spotting animals which are rounded up by stockmen riding motorbikes, requiring a much smaller workforce.

title: Anna Creek Station


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Sarojini Nagar

Sarojini Nagar is a neighbourhood in South West Delhi district of Delhi, India. It is close to Safdarjung Airport, starting 2010, it is serviced by the Sarojini Nagar on the newly constructed underground station on the Pink Line of Delhi Metro.

Overview
Sarojini Nagar was earlier known as Vinay Nagar. In the 1970s, the government changed the name of the locality to Sarojini Nagar, after the name of the famous female freedom fighter, Sarojini Naidu. It was opined that the term Vinay Nagar creates a class divide This colony is encircled by Safdarjung Enclave, South Extension, Laxmibai Nagar, Nauroji Nagar, Chanakyapuri and Netaji Nagar. It is in the vicinity of Chanakyapuri which is home to various embassies and consulates, including those of the United States and Russia.

Essentially located in the South West Delhi locality of the city, Sarojini Nagar (or SN as it is sometimes called) is one of the places in the city to buy clothes and fabrics. Apart from a large number of large-sized showrooms for various international and local brands, the crux of the market is formed by street-side shops that sell garments of all sizes, designs and colours. It becomes extremely crowded on weekends.

Sarojini Nagar was in the international news when a small shop was destroyed (and has since been rebuilt) in the Diwali Delhi blasts on 29/10/05 Delhi bombings.

The market which is surrounded by government housing has the following sections, as locals call them. 90% of the shops in SN are family-owned.

Babu Market is located at the north-west corner of Sarojini Nagar Market. It has four rows of enclosed shops facing each other. Most of the shops are garment and clothes shops. The first shop on the corner of Sarojini Nagar which faces the north-east of Babu Market is Mahindra Sweets. This shop is outside the enclosed area of Babu Market. More famously known as Mucchal Halwayi ki Dukaan. A name was given to this shop because its owner had big moustaches. After his demise, his children have taken over the business. On rainy days or during evenings crowds line up in front of this shop to buy hot Samosas and Jalebi. This shop is followed by steel utensil shops which draw large crowds during Dhanteras.

On the north-west corner of the market, the first shop is a shoe shop. This used to be a bakery and general store till the early 1990s. Most of the shops that are enclosed in rows facing each other are garment shops. Shopping here becomes a challenge during the summers when temperatures get to 45 to 48 °C (116 °F). G, H, and I are the nearest Residential block to Babu Market. During evenings, the section of the market that faces the central market lights up with hundreds of street vendors, popcorn vendors, and other small street sellers who usually carry a small kerosene gas lamp on their carts. There is also a CGHS dispensary just opposite to Babpu Market where government employees can get a free checkup from a 24-hour available doctor. Like any other section of the market, parking is a big problem in Babu Market, especially during the evenings.

The far south end of the Sarojini Nagar market is Subzi Market. Subzi is the common Hindi word for vegetables in North India. This Subzi market is known for its fresh vegetables in South West Delhi. The vegetable vendors shout at the top of their voice to attract customers to their stalls. Some of these vendors get creative with the calls and rhyme them in a comic way.

Subzi market is also the best place to get the freshest fruits in South West Delhi at a reasonable price. Customers can bargain with vendors when buying large quantities of fruits or vegetables. There is a parking lot right behind the market facing the Government Girls Senior Secondary School No. 1.

Facing Subzi market is a section of Central Market. Till the early 1990s the corner-most shop of the western end of this market used to be a Sweets Shop. After the father’s demise, the younger generation converted this into a garment shop. Right outside this shop, however, a traditional Tikki and Kulfi vendor continues to sell Tikki and Kulfi. The large central market is shaped like a horizontally extended "I" or "][". The layout of the market is unique wherein visitors move around in a circle without realizing so. People who get lost sometimes find it hard to believe that by keeping going on they will reach the starting point of their trip. Shops are lined up in rows and there is a newly constructed open-air path-way in front of the shops for customers to move through the crowds to get into each shop. These pathways are also largely occupied by illegal street vendors. Shops have a front opening and a back opening. The back-streets (galiyan) of SN market are just as crowded and busy as the path-ways in front of the shops. On one side of the central market, there are bakery shops.

The export lane compromises of great bags store that keeps all kinds of leather and non-leather bags.

The North side of the central SN market mostly has footwear shops. There are also a few leather belt vendors who occupy the space near the large arches where you may still see the decades-old sign "SAROJINI NAGAR". Some of the letters in this sign were already missing and maybe as it stands today, these letters may not even be there.

Sarojini Nagar was also a hotbed of BJP, RSS and VHP activities. The annual Dussehra festival is still celebrated with the nine days of Ram-Lila followed by Ravan Dahan. In the early 1980s and 1990s RSS Svayam Sevaks (activists) could be seen holding Shakhas (daily gatherings) in their uniquely recognizable short-pants and white shirts. Some of the parks in the surrounding area are named after freedom fighters and religious leaders such as Swami Vivekanand Park. In the late 1970s or 1980s, this park was also called the Fountain Garden or (Hindi: Fuarey wala park), since it had water fountains and lights that would attract local visitors and kids during evening hours. The park was renovated and landscaped around 2007 and provides respite to tired shopaholics/joggers/residents.

The Sarojini Market remains closed on Mondays. Sarojini Nagar Market opens up around 11 A.M. and shut down around 8 or 9 P.M.

Sarojini Nagar is a place that is located in the south-west district of Delhi state in India.

Known for its Delhi Development Authority (DDA) flats and also, as a shopping paradise for many, Sarojini Nagar will soon be known for a revamped look, too. The locality is among the few old localities of South Delhi that are undergoing redevelopment plans set by the National Building Construction Company (NBCC) and the Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD).

title: Sarojini Nagar


text:
Lead(IV) hydroxide

Lead(IV) hydroxide, Pb(OH)4, also called ortho-plumbic acid, is the notional conjugate acid of the ortho-plumbate(IV) ion, PbO4(4−), found in compounds such as calcium orthoplumbate, Ca2PbO4. Like its tin analog Sn(OH)4, Pb(OH)4 has not been isolated.

title: Lead(IV) hydroxide


text:
G.992.5

G.992.5 (also referred to as ADSL2+, G.dmt.bis+, and G.adslplus) is an ITU-T standard for asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) broadband Internet access. The standard has a maximum theoretical downstream sync speed of 24 megabits per second (Mbit/s). Utilizing G.992.5 Annex M upstream sync speeds of 3.3 Mbit/s can be achieved.

Technical information
ADSL2+ extends the capability of basic ADSL by doubling the number of downstream channels. The data rates can be as high as 24 Mbit/s downstream and up to 1.4 Mbit/s upstream depending on the distance from the DSLAM to the customer's premises.

ADSL2+ is capable of doubling the frequency band of typical ADSL connections from 1.1 MHz to 2.2 MHz. This doubles the downstream data rates of the previous ADSL2 standard (which was up to 12 Mbit/s), and like the previous standards will degrade from its peak bitrate after a certain distance.

ADSL2+ also allows port bonding. This is where multiple ports are physically provisioned to the end user and the total bandwidth is equal to the sum of all provisioned ports. So if 2 lines capable of 24 Mbit/s were bonded the result would be a connection capable of 48 Mbit/s download and twice the original upload speed. Not all DSLAM vendors have implemented this functionality. ADSL2+ port bonding is also known as G.998.x or G.Bond.

title: G.992.5


text:
Urban rail transit

Urban rail transit is a wide term for various types of local rail systems providing passenger service within and around urban or suburban areas. The set of urban rail systems can be roughly subdivided into the following categories, which sometimes overlap because some systems or lines have aspects of multiple types.

Tram
A tram, streetcar, or trolley system is a rail-based transit system that runs mainly or completely along streets (with street running), with a relatively-low capacity and frequent stops; however, modern trams have a greater passenger capacity than traditional trams. Passengers usually board at the street or curb level, but low-floor trams may allow level boarding. Longer-distance lines are called interurbans or radial railways. Modern trams also operate as self-propelled trains coupled through a multiple unit instead of individual trams and are often included within the broader term light rail; however, they differ in that trams frequently share the platform with vehicular traffic and do not have signal priority.

The term "tram" is used in most parts of the world. In North America, such systems are referred to as "streetcar" or "trolley" systems. In Germany, such systems are called Straßenbahn, which literally translates as "street train" or "street railway".

Light rail
A light rail system is a rail-based transit system that has higher capacity and speed than a tram, usually by operating in an exclusive right-of-way separated from automobile traffic, but it is not, unlike rapid transit, fully grade-separated from other traffic. Light rail also generally operates with multiple-unit trains, rather than single tramcars. It emerged as an evolution of trams/streetcars. Light rail systems vary significantly in terms of speed and capacity and range from slightly improved tram systems to systems that are essentially rapid transit but with some level crossings.

The term "light rail" is the most common term especially in Americas, but German systems are called Stadtbahn, which translates to "city railway".

Rapid transit
A rapid transit system is a railway, usually in an urban area, with high passenger capacities and frequency of service and (usually) full grade separation from other traffic, including other rail traffic.

In most parts of the world, such systems are known as a "metro", short for "metropolitan", which is itself short for "Metropolitan Railway", the first such system in the world. The term "subway" is used in many American systems, as well as in Glasgow and in Toronto. The system in London is named the "Underground" and is commonly nicknamed the "tube". Systems in Germany are called "U-Bahn", which stands for Untergrundbahn ("underground rail"). Many systems in East, Southeast and South Asia like Taipei, Chennai and Singapore, are called "MRT", which stands for "mass rapid transit". Systems that are predominantly elevated may be referred to as "L", as in Chicago, or "Skytrain", as in Bangkok and Vancouver. Other less common names include "T-bane", which stands for "tunnelbana" (in Scandinavia, literally tunnel track) and "MTR" (mass transit railway).

Monorail
A monorail is a railway in which the track consists of a single rail, as opposed to the traditional track with two parallel rails.

The term possibly comes from 1897, from German engineer Eugen Langen, who called an elevated railway system with wagons suspended the Eugen Langen One-railed Suspension Tramway (Einschieniges Hängebahnsystem Eugen Langen).

Commuter rail
A commuter rail, regional rail or suburban rail system operates on mainline trackage, which may be shared with intercity rail and freight trains. Systems tend to operate at lower frequencies than rapid transit or light rail systems but tend to travel at higher speeds, have more widely spaced stations and cover longer overall distances. They have high passenger capacities per single train.

Though many European and East Asian commuter rail systems operate with frequencies and rolling stock similar to that of rapid transit, they do not qualify as such because they share tracks with intercity/freight trains, or they have at grade crossings. For example, S-trains are hybrid systems combining the characteristics of both rapid transit and commuter rail systems. Generally, S-trains share tracks with mainline passenger and freight trains, but the distances between stations and the service headway resemble metro systems.

Automated guideway transit
Automated guideway transit systems tend to operate with medium passenger capacities.

Larger systems span a variety of conceptual designs, from subway-like advanced rapid transit (ART) systems to smaller (typically two to six passengers) vehicles known as personal rapid transit (PRT) which offer direct point-to-point travel along a switched network.

Funicular
A funicular is a cable-driven inclined railway that uses the weight of descending cars to help pull the ascending cars up the slope.

The term funicular derives from the Latin word, the diminutive of , meaning 'rope'.

Cable car
A cable car, in the context of mass transit, is a system using rail cars that are hauled by a continuously moving cable that runs at a constant speed. Individual cars stop and start by releasing and gripping the cable as required. Cable cars are distinct from funiculars (whose cars are permanently attached to the cable) and cable railways (which are similar to funiculars but have rail vehicles that are attached and detached manually).

Classification issues
Transit agencies' names for lines do not necessarily reflect their technical categorization. For example, the Green Line in Boston is referred to as a subway although it is mostly made up of above-ground portions. Conversely, the Docklands Light Railway in London, C Line in Los Angeles, and some metro lines in China are referred to as "Light Rail" but qualify as rapid transit because they are fully grade-separated and provide a high frequency of service.

Many cities use names such as subway and elevated railway to describe their entire systems, even if they combine both methods of operation. Slightly less than half of the London Underground's tracks, for example, are actually underground. The New York City Subway also combines elevated and subterranean stations, and the Chicago "L" and the Vancouver SkyTrain use tunnels to run through central areas.

Guided bus
A bus shares many characteristics with light rail and trams but does not run on rails. Trolleybuses are buses that are powered from overhead wires. Vehicles that can travel both on rails and on roads have been tried experimentally but are not in common use. The term bus rapid transit is used to refer to various methods of providing faster bus services and the systems that use it have similar characteristics to light rail. Guided buses are buses capable of being steered by external means, usually on a dedicated track or roll way that excludes other traffic. Some cities experimenting with guided bus technologies, such as Nancy, have chosen to refer to them as 'trams on tires' (rubber-tired trams) and given them tram-like appearances.

Economics

In a 2006 article, the political scientist Ted Balaker and the urban planner Cecilia Juong Kim stated that public rail transit provides certain benefits for a community but also that the goals of policymakers are not often met. They also note some American economists claim that contrary to popular belief, rail transit has failed to improve the environment, serve the poor, or reduce highway congestion in the United States. They also claim economists are somewhat more optimistic about rail transit's impact on economic development.

title: Urban rail transit


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Constitution Day

Constitution Day is a holiday to honour the constitution of a country. Constitution Day is often celebrated on the anniversary of the signing, promulgation or adoption of the constitution, or in some cases, to commemorate the change to constitutional monarchy.

Other

 * Day of the Flemish Community, 11 July (Flemish community only). Known locally as Feestdag van Vlaanderen.
 * Day of the German-speaking Community, 15 November (German-speaking community only). Known locally as Feiertag der Deutschsprachigen Gemeinschaft.
 * French Community Holiday, 27 September (French-speaking community only). Known locally as Fête de la Communauté française.
 * Wallonia Day, third Sunday of September (Walloon Region only).

title: Constitution Day


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Victor Appleton

Victor Appleton was a house pseudonym used by the Stratemeyer Syndicate and its successors, most famous for being associated with the Tom Swift series of books.

The following series have been published under the Victor Appleton and Victor Appleton II names:

 * Tom Swift, 1910–1941
 * Motion Picture Chums, 1913–1916
 * Moving Picture Boys, 1913–1922
 * Movie Boys, 1926–1927
 * Don Sturdy, 1925–1935
 * Tom Swift, Jr., 1954–1971 (technically, "Victor Appleton II")
 * Tom Swift (Third Series), 1981–1984
 * Tom Swift (Fourth Series)'', 1991–1993

Howard R. Garis contributed to the original Tom Swift series. James Duncan Lawrence wrote 23 of the Tom Swift, Jr. novels.

title: Victor Appleton


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Take It Easy (2005)

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was Delete. --Spinboy 19:00, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Take It Easy (2005)
Non notable student film that no one has ever heard of. Fails pokemon test. Delete. --Spinboy 06:47, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Delete. Take It Easy + "Calum Marsh" gets 0 google hits. Even Brian Schwor gets more than that. Xezbeth  06:49, Apr 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable. Megan1967 12:08, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. CalumMarshcruft.  RickK 20:01, Apr 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. "Take It Easy" + Calum Marsh also gets 0 relevant google hits. An article that cannot be google-verified should probably include references so it can be otherwise verified. Otherwise, it's likely going to be presumed to be non-notable (as in this case). GrantNeufeld 20:59, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable. —UTSRelativity 23:40, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)


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User:Bky1701/Crosssword Empire RP

This is the RP database for the Crosssword Empire RP, if you are not/do not plan to be a member this will be of no use to you, it is non-cannon as far as the Empire itself.

Also, if anyone has any objections to this being hosted on the Wiki, PLEASE tell me before deleting/blanking it, I will want to save the work on here, so just tell me.

Database:

Nation List Leader List Party List

RP info:

Contact/links/etc:

title: User:Bky1701/Crosssword Empire RP


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Geon

Geon may refer to:

 * Geon (geology), a time interval
 * Geon (Korean name), a Korean masculine given name
 * Geon (physics), a hypothetical gravitational wave packet
 * Geon (psychology), a geometrical primitive out of which everyday objects can be represented
 * Geon, short for geonim, rabbis in the medieval era
 * Geon, a character from the King of the Monsters series of video games
 * Geon: Emotions, a video game for Xbox 360's Xbox Live Arcade service
 * Geon (video game), for PlayStation 3's PlayStation Network and Nintendo Wii

title: Geon


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Template talk:Peer review

How to use this template
Place at the top of the article's talk page (not the article itself) to let other editors of the article know that the article is being peer reviewed.

from Peer review

Planned changes
I am planning to make some changes to this template to reduce its complexity, please see the discussion at Wikipedia talk:Peer review if you're interested. --Tom (LT) (talk) 00:33, 31 October 2020 (UTC)

Bot task
A bot maintenance task related to this template is open at Bots/Requests for approval/GreenC bot 20 -- Green  C  03:30, 15 April 2021 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Peer review


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User:Bky1701/Crosssword Empire RP/Nation List

If you are the head of your nation you my edit/revert your nation pages, please format it the same.

Nations: In use
The City of Azuka

The Anasazi

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics


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Dhoby Ghaut

Dhoby Ghaut is a place in Singapore that often refers to the MRT station of the same name, which is a major interchange station on Singapore's Mass Rapid Transit network connecting the North-South Line, North East Line, and the Circle Line. As a place, Dhoby Ghaut lies along the eastern end of Orchard Road. There is a shopping mall above the MRT station called Plaza Singapura.

Etymology
Dhoby Ghaut was influenced from Dhobi Ghat, which literally means washerman's place in Hindi, from dhobi, "washerman" or one that does laundry, and ghat, referring to a series of steps leading down to a body of water, as in the case of the Varanasi ghats by the Ganges. The Hindi term ghat passed into English usage during the British occupation of India, and was later anglicised to ghaut.

Around this time, the British had also ruled Singapore, which influenced the naming of this area.

Early history
Until the early 1900s, the dhobis used water from a clear stream that flowed into Sungai Bras Basah, now Stamford Canal. This stream now exists as a large drain beside Handy Road. The ghats, or steps leading down to the stream, were demolished when Sungai Bras Basah was canalised. The dhobis would then dry the laundry at Dhoby Green, the open park bounded by Stamford Road, Handy Road, Bras Basah Road and Prinsep Street.

title: Dhoby Ghaut


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User:Frelke

NPOV - MoS - Edit - WQ

Frelke is an old Dungeons and Dragons character name which I have used as login name on many open websites.

Dislikes

 * When bots mess with my talkpage
 * When wikipedians pretend their opinions are facts

WIP

 * Irish Shipping

Links

 * Naming conventions (capitalization)
 * Naming conventions (technical restrictions)
 * Edit counter
 * Template:Unsigned
 * Sigs
 * Delete log
 * WP:IWNB
 * WP:ANI
 * MPOV
 * The Wrong Version
 * WannabeKate
 * SpellMaster

title: User:Frelke


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sam and Max: Freelance Police (computer game)

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was merge and redirect. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 22:05, 5 May 2005 (UTC)

Sam and Max: Freelance Police (computer game)
The article is for a sequel to Sam & Max Hit the Road that was cancelled last year, I suggest a merging of any relevant information that doesn't already exist there, into the original games' article. -- Quoth 06:57, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Concur with that, merge. Radiant_* 07:39, Apr 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * merge and redirect sadly, will never have enough for a good article on its own. --InShaneee 19:07, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge, as above. A Man In Black 11:10, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Chandra Wickramasinghe

Nalin Chandra Wickramasinghe (born 20 January 1939) is a Sri Lankan-born British mathematician, astronomer and astrobiologist of Sinhalese ethnicity. His research interests include the interstellar medium, infrared astronomy, light scattering theory, applications of solid-state physics to astronomy, the early Solar System, comets, astrochemistry, the origin of life and astrobiology. A student and collaborator of Fred Hoyle, the pair worked jointly for over 40 years as influential proponents of panspermia. In 1974 they proposed the hypothesis that some dust in interstellar space was largely organic, later proven to be correct.

Wickramasinghe has advanced numerous fringe claims, including the argument that various outbreaks of illnesses on Earth are of extraterrestrial origins, including the 1918 flu pandemic and certain outbreaks of polio and mad cow disease. For the 1918 flu pandemic they hypothesised that cometary dust brought the virus to Earth simultaneously at multiple locations—a view almost universally dismissed by experts on this pandemic. Claims connecting terrestrial disease and extraterrestrial pathogens have been rejected by the scientific community.

Wickramasinghe has written more than 40 books about astrophysics and related topics; he has made appearances on radio, television and film, and he writes online blogs and articles. He has appeared on BBC Horizon, UK Channel 5 and the History Channel. He appeared on the 2013 Discovery Channel program "Red Rain". He has an association with Daisaku Ikeda, president of the Buddhist sect Soka Gakkai International, that led to the publication of a dialogue with him, first in Japanese and later in English, on the topic of Space and Eternal Life.

Education and career
Wickramasinghe studied at Royal College, Colombo, the University of Ceylon (where he graduated in 1960 with a BSc First Class Honours in mathematics), and at Trinity College and Jesus College, Cambridge, where he obtained his PhD and ScD degrees. Following his education, Wickramasinghe was a Fellow of Jesus College, Cambridge from 1963 to 1973, until he became professor of applied mathematics and astronomy at University College Cardiff. Wickramasinghe was a consultant and advisor to the President of Sri Lanka from 1982 to 1984, and played a key role in founding the Institute of Fundamental Studies in Sri Lanka.

After fifteen years at University College Cardiff, Wickramasinghe took an equivalent position in the University of Cardiff, a post he held from 1990 until 2006. After retirement in 2006, he incubated the Cardiff Center for Astrobiology as a special project reporting to the president of the university. In 2011 the project closed down, losing its funding in a series of UK educational cut backs. After this event, Wickramasinghe was offered the opportunity to move to the University of Buckingham as Director of the Buckingham Centre for Astrobiology, University of Buckingham where he has been since 2011. He maintains his part-time position as a UK Professor at Cardiff University. In 2015 he was elected Visiting scholar, Churchill College, Cambridge, England 2015/16.

He is a co-founder and board member of the Institute for the Study of Panspermia and Astroeconomics, set up in Japan in 2014, and the Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Astrobiology & Outreach. He was a Visiting By-Fellow, Churchill College, Cambridge, England 2015/16; Professor and Director of the Buckingham Centre for Astrobiology at the University of Buckingham, a post he has held since 2011; Affiliated Visiting Professor, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka; and a board member and research director at the Institute for the Study of Panspermia and Astroeconomics, Ogaki-City, Gifu, Japan.

In 2017, Professor Chandra Wickramasinghe was appointed adjunct professor in the Department of Physics, at the University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka.

Research
In 1960 he commenced work in Cambridge on his PhD degree under the supervision of Fred Hoyle, and published his first scientific paper "On Graphite Particles as Interstellar Grains" in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1962. He was awarded a PhD degree in mathematics in 1963 and was elected a Fellow of Jesus College Cambridge in the same year. In the following year he was appointed a Staff Member of the Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge. Here he continued to work on the nature of interstellar dust, publishing many papers in this field, that led to a consideration of carbon-containing grains as well as the older silicate models.

Wickramasinghe published the first definitive book on Interstellar Grains in 1967. He has made many contributions to this field, publishing over 350 papers in peer-reviewed journals, over 75 of which are in Nature. Hoyle and Wickramasinghe further proposed a radical kind of panspermia that included the claim that extraterrestrial life forms enter the Earth's atmosphere and were possibly responsible for epidemic outbreaks, new diseases, and genetic novelty that Hoyle and Wickramasinghe contended was necessary for macroevolution.

Chandra Wickramasinghe had the longest-running collaboration with Fred Hoyle. Their publications on books and papers arguing for panspermia and a cosmic hypothesis of life are controversial and, in particular detail, essentially contra the scientific consensus in both astrophysics and biology. Several claims made by Hoyle and Wickramasinghe between 1977 and 1981, such as a report of having detected interstellar cellulose, were criticised by one author as pseudoscience. Phil Plait has described Wickramasinghe as a "fringe scientist" who "jumps on everything, with little or no evidence, and says it's from outer space".

Organic molecules in space
In 1974 Wickramasinghe first proposed the hypothesis that some dust in interstellar space was largely organic, and followed this up with other research confirming the hypothesis. Wickramasinghe also proposed and confirmed the existence of polymeric compounds based on the molecule formaldehyde (H2CO). Fred Hoyle and Wickramasinghe later proposed the identification of bicyclic aromatic compounds from an analysis of the ultraviolet extinction absorption at 2175A., thus demonstrating the existence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules in space.

Hoyle–Wickramasinghe model of panspermia
Throughout his career, Wickramasinghe, along with his collaborator Fred Hoyle, has advanced the panspermia hypothesis, that proposes that life on Earth is, at least in part, of extraterrestrial origin. The Hoyle–Wickramasinghe model of panspermia include the assumptions that dormant viruses and desiccated DNA and RNA can survive unprotected in space; that small bodies such as asteroids and comets can protect the "seeds of life", including DNA and RNA,  living, fossilized, or dormant life, cellular or non-cellular;     and that the collisions of asteroids, comets, and moons have the potential to spread these "seeds of life" throughout an individual star system and then onward to others. The most contentious issue around the Hoyle–Wickramasinghe model of the panspermia hypothesis is the corollary of their first two propositions that viruses and bacteria continue to enter the Earth's atmosphere from space, and are hence responsible for many major epidemics throughout history.

Towards the end of their collaboration, Wickramasinghe and Hoyle hypothesised that abiogenesis occurred close to the Galactic Center before panspermia carried life throughout the Milky Way, and stated a belief that such a process could occur in many galaxies throughout the Universe.

Detection of living cells in the stratosphere
On 20 January 2001 the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) conducted a balloon flight from Hyderabad, India to collect stratospheric dust from a height of 41 km (135,000 ft) with a view to testing for the presence of living cells. The collaborators on this project included a team of UK scientists led by Wickramasinghe. In a paper presented at a SPIE conference in San Diego in 2002 the detection of evidence for viable microorganisms from 41 km above the Earth's surface was presented. However, the experiment did not present evidence as to whether the findings are incoming microbes from space rather than microbes carried up to 41 km from the surface of the Earth.

In 2005 the ISRO group carried out a second stratospheric sampling experiment from 41 km altitude and reported the isolation of three new species of bacteria including one that they named Janibacter hoylei sp.nov. in honour of Fred Hoyle. However, these facts do not prove that bacteria on Earth originated in the cosmic environment. Samplings of the stratosphere have also been carried out by Yang et al. (2005, 2009 ). During the experiment strains of highly radiation-resistant Deinococcus bacterium were detected at heights up to 35 km. Nevertheless, these authors have abstained from linking these discoveries to panspermia. Wickramasinghe was also involved in coordinating analyses of the red rain in Kerala in collaborations with Godfrey Louis.

Extraterrestrial pathogens
Hoyle and Wickramasinghe have advanced the argument that various outbreaks of illnesses on Earth are of extraterrestrial origins, including the 1918 flu pandemic and certain outbreaks of polio and mad cow disease. For the 1918 flu pandemic they hypothesised that cometary dust brought the virus to Earth simultaneously at multiple locations—a view almost universally dismissed by external experts on this pandemic.

On 24 May 2003 The Lancet published a letter from Wickramasinghe, jointly signed by Milton Wainwright and Jayant Narlikar, in which they hypothesised that the virus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) could be extraterrestrial in origin instead of originating from chickens. The Lancet subsequently published three responses to this letter, showing that the hypothesis was not evidence-based, and casting doubts on the quality of the experiments referenced by Wickramasinghe in his letter. Claims connecting terrestrial disease and extraterrestrial pathogens have been rejected by the scientific community.

In 2020, Wickramasinghe and colleagues published a paper claiming that Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic was also of extraterrestrial origin, the claim was criticised for lacking evidence.

Polonnaruwa
On 29 December 2012 a green fireball was observed in Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka. It disintegrated into fragments that fell to the Earth near the villages of Aralaganwila and Dimbulagala and in a rice field near Dalukkane. Rock samples were submitted to the Medical Research Institute of the Ministry of Health in Colombo.

The rocks were sent to the University of Cardiff in Wales for analysis, where Chandra Wickramasinghe's team analyzed them and claimed that they contained extraterrestrial diatoms. From January to March 2013, five papers were published in the fringe Journal of Cosmology outlining various results from teams in the United Kingdom, United States and Germany. However, independent experts in meteoritics stated that the object analyzed by Wickramasinghe's team was of terrestrial origin, a fulgurite created by lightning strikes on Earth. Experts in diatoms complemented the statement, saying that the organisms found in the rock represented a wide range of extant terrestrial taxa, confirming their earthly origin. Wickramasinghe and collaborators responded, using X-ray diffraction, oxygen isotope analysis, and scanning electron microscope observations, in a March 2013 paper asserting that the rocks they found were indeed meteorites, instead of being created by lightning strikes on Earth as stated by scientists from the University of Peradeniya. However, these claims were also criticised for not providing evidence that the rocks were actually meteorites.

Cephalopod alien origin
In 2018, Wickramasinghe and over 30 other authors published a paper in Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology entitled "Cause of Cambrian Explosion - Terrestrial or Cosmic?" which argued in favour of panspermia as the origin of the Cambrian explosion, and posited that cephalopods are alien lifeforms that originated from frozen eggs that were transported to earth via meteor. The claims gained widespread press coverage. Virologist Karin Mölling, in a companion commentary published in the same journal, stated that the claims "cannot be taken seriously".

Participation in the creation-evolution debate
Wickramasinghe and his mentor Fred Hoyle have also used their data to argue in favor of cosmic ancestry,    and against the idea of life emerging from inanimate objects by abiogenesis.

Once again the Universe gives the appearance of being biologically constructed, and on this occasion on a truly vast scale. Once again those who consider such thoughts to be too outlandish to be taken seriously will continue to do so. While we ourselves shall continue to take the view that those who believe they can match the complexities of the Universe by simple experiments in their laboratories will continue to be disappointed. Wickramasinghe attempts to present scientific evidence to support the notion of cosmic ancestry and "the possibility of high intelligence in the Universe and of many increasing levels of intelligence converging toward a God as an ideal limit."

During the 1981 scientific creationist trial in Arkansas, Wickramasinghe was the only scientist testifying for the defense, which in turn was supporting creationism. In addition, he wrote that the Archaeopteryx fossil finding is a forgery, a charge that the scientific community considers an "absurd" and "ignorant" statement.

Honours and awards

 * Commonwealth Scholar at Trinity College, Cambridge, 1960-1963
 * Powell Prize for English Verse, Trinity College, 1961
 * Vidya Jyothi from the President of Sri Lanka, 1992
 * Honorary DLitt, Sōka University (Japan), 1996
 * Doctor of Science (honoris causa), University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka, 2004
 * Visiting By-Fellowship, visiting scholar, Churchill College, Cambridge, England 2015/16
 * Ada Derana Sri Lankan of the Year 2017 - Global Scientist

Wickramasinghe was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2022 New Year Honours for services to science, astronomy and astrobiology.

Books

 * Interstellar Grains (Chapman & Hall, London, 1967)
 * Light Scattering Functions for Small Particles with Applications in Astronomy (Wiley, New York, 1973)
 * Solid-State Astrophysics (ed. with D.J. Morgan) (D. Reidel, Boston, 1975)
 * Interstellar Matter (with F.D. Khan & P.G. Mezger) (Swiss Society of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 1974)
 * The Cosmic Laboratory (University College of Cardiff, 1975)
 * Lifecloud: The Origin of Life in the Universe (with Fred Hoyle) (J.M. Dent, London, 1978)
 * Diseases from Space (with Fred Hoyle) (J.M. Dent, London, 1979)
 * Origin of Life (with Fred Hoyle) (University College Cardiff Press, 1979)
 * Space Travellers: The Bringers of Life (with Fred Hoyle) (University College Cardiff Press, 1981)
 * Evolution from Space (with Fred Hoyle) (J.M. Dent, London, 1981) ISBN 978-0-460-04535-3
 * Is Life an Astronomical Phenomenon? (University College Cardiff Press, 1982) ISBN 9780906449493
 * Why Neo-Darwinism Does Not Work (with Fred Hoyle) (University College Cardiff Press, 1982) ISBN 9780906449509
 * Proofs that Life is Cosmic (with Fred Hoyle) (Institute of Fundamental Studies, Sri Lanka, Memoirs no.1, 1982)
 * From Grains to Bacteria (with Fred Hoyle) (University College Cardiff Press, 1984) ISBN 9780906449646
 * Fundamental Studies and the Future of Science (ed.) (University College Cardiff Press, 1984) ISBN 9780906449578
 * Living Comets (with Fred Hoyle) (University College Cardiff Press, 1985) ISBN 9780906449790
 * Archaeopteryx, the Primordial Bird: A Case of Fossil Forgery (with Fred Hoyle) (Christopher Davies, Swansea, 1986) ISBN 9780715406656
 * The Theory of Cosmic Grains (with Fred Hoyle) (Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1991) ISBN 9780792311898
 * Life on Mars? The Case for a Cosmic Heritage (with Fred Hoyle) (Clinical Press, Bristol, 1997) ISBN 9781854570413
 * Astronomical Origins of Life: Steps towards Panspermia (with Fred Hoyle) (Kluwer, Dordrecht, 2000) ISBN 9780792360810
 * Cosmic Dragons: Life and Death on Our Planet (Souvenir Press, London, 2001) ISBN 9780285636064
 * Fred Hoyle's Universe (ed. with G. Burbidge and J. Narlikar) (Kluwer, Dordrecht, 2003) ISBN 9781402014154
 * A Journey with Fred Hoyle (World Scientific, Singapore, 2005) ISBN 9789812565792
 * Comets and the Origin of Life (with J. Wickramasinghe and W. Napier) (World Scientific, Hackensack NJ, 2010) ISBN 9789812814005
 * A Journey with Fred Hoyle, Second Edition (World Scientific, Singapore, April 2013) ISBN 9789814436120
 * The search for our cosmic ancestry, World Scientific, New Jersey 2015, ISBN 978-981-461696-6.

Articles

 * Hoyle, F. and Wickramasinghe, N.C., 1962. On graphite particles as interstellar grains, Mon.Not.Roy.Astr.Soc. 124, 417-433
 * Wickramasinghe, N.C., 1974. Formaldehyde polymers in interstellar space, Nature 252, 462-463
 * Hoyle, F. and Wickramasinghe, N.C., 1977. Identification of the λ2,200A interstellar absorption feature, Nature 270, 323-324
 * Hoyle, F. and Wickramasinghe, N.C., 1977. Polysaccharides and infrared spectra of galactic sources, Nature 268, 610-612
 * Hoyle, F. and Wickramasinghe, N.C., 1986. The case for life as a cosmic phenomenon, Nature 322, 509-511
 * Hoyle, F. and Wickramasinghe, N.C., 1990. Influenza – evidence against contagion, Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine  83. 258-261
 * Chandra Wickramasinghe, A Journey with Fred Hoyle: The Search for Cosmic Life, World Scientific Publishing, 2005, ISBN 981-238-912-1
 * Janaki Wickramasinghe, Chandra Wickramasinghe and William Napier, Comets and the Origin of Life, World Scientific Publishing, 2009, ISBN 981-256-635-X
 * Chandra Wickramasinghe and Daisaku Ikeda, Space and Eternal Life, Journeyman Press, 1998, ISBN 1-85172-060-X
 * Hoyle, F. and Wickramasinghe, N.C., 1986. The case for life as a cosmic phenomenon, Nature 322, 509-511
 * Hoyle, F. and Wickramasinghe, N.C., 1990. Influenza – evidence against contagion, Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine  83. 258-261
 * Chandra Wickramasinghe, A Journey with Fred Hoyle: The Search for Cosmic Life, World Scientific Publishing, 2005, ISBN 981-238-912-1
 * Janaki Wickramasinghe, Chandra Wickramasinghe and William Napier, Comets and the Origin of Life, World Scientific Publishing, 2009, ISBN 981-256-635-X
 * Chandra Wickramasinghe and Daisaku Ikeda, Space and Eternal Life, Journeyman Press, 1998, ISBN 1-85172-060-X
 * Chandra Wickramasinghe, A Journey with Fred Hoyle: The Search for Cosmic Life, World Scientific Publishing, 2005, ISBN 981-238-912-1
 * Janaki Wickramasinghe, Chandra Wickramasinghe and William Napier, Comets and the Origin of Life, World Scientific Publishing, 2009, ISBN 981-256-635-X
 * Chandra Wickramasinghe and Daisaku Ikeda, Space and Eternal Life, Journeyman Press, 1998, ISBN 1-85172-060-X
 * Chandra Wickramasinghe, A Journey with Fred Hoyle: The Search for Cosmic Life, World Scientific Publishing, 2005, ISBN 981-238-912-1
 * Janaki Wickramasinghe, Chandra Wickramasinghe and William Napier, Comets and the Origin of Life, World Scientific Publishing, 2009, ISBN 981-256-635-X
 * Chandra Wickramasinghe and Daisaku Ikeda, Space and Eternal Life, Journeyman Press, 1998, ISBN 1-85172-060-X
 * Chandra Wickramasinghe and Daisaku Ikeda, Space and Eternal Life, Journeyman Press, 1998, ISBN 1-85172-060-X

title: Chandra Wickramasinghe


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Rushworth, Victoria

Rushworth is a township in Victoria, Australia. It is located 157 km north of Melbourne and, at the 2021 Census, had a population of 1,411.

History
Rushworth was established during the Victorian gold rush in 1853. It was named by poet and later local Goldfields Commissioner Richard Henry Horne in 1854. Its post office opened on 16 September 1857.

The goldfields became no longer viable due to the underground water table and were closed during the gold rush.

The Rushworth Magistrates' Court closed on 1 January 1990.

Athletics
The town has an Australian rules football team competing in the Kyabram & District Football League.

Golfers play at the course of the Rushworth Golf Club on Tatura Road.

title: Rushworth, Victoria


text:
Heartbreak Station

Heartbreak Station is the third studio album by American rock band Cinderella, released in 1990 through Mercury Records. It reached No.19 in the Billboard 200 US chart on December 21, 1990, and went platinum for shipping a million albums on February 26, 1991.

Three singles were released, two of which charted on the Billboard's Hot 100 in 1991. "Shelter Me" peaked at No. 36 and the title track climbed to No. 44. "The More Things Change" did not chart.

Background and production
Heartbreak Station marked a shift in the band's sound, wherein they moved further away from the glam metal style they had in Night Songs and Long Cold Winter and took a bluesier, stripped-down approach. In an interview with the Los Angeles Daily News a month before the album's release, when asked about the band's stylistic shift from their prior albums, lead vocalist Tom Keifer stated, "The sound has progressed from the last album. We produced it from a rawer, simpler approach. We stripped it down from a production standpoint, so there's not a lot of reverb or overdubs." Keifer also cited blues as a large influence on his songwriting in the album.

John Paul Jones, the former bassist of Led Zeppelin, arranged the strings for two songs on Heartbreak Station; the band requested Jones's help after they were impressed with orchestral arrangements Jones had contributed to songs by The Rolling Stones and Donovan.

In a retrospective interview with Classic Rock Revisited in 2013, Keifer reflected on his songwriting approach and his feelings towards the band's sound in Heartbreak Station, stating that, "We grew out of those '80s' processed slick things. That is the thing that was most intentional. Your writing and playing grows and grows, and it is organic, and it just happens." Keifer discussed his disillusionment with the polished sound of 80s rock that had been present on the band's prior records and that he instructed the album's mixing engineer, Michael Barbiero, to give the songs a rawer feel because "everybody was caught up in that whole '80s' sound. I told him it was time to do something different."

In 2017, Keifer gave an interview with a radio host working for the Detroit-based rock radio station WRIF wherein he stated, "In terms of production, which is something that is a learning experience as you go, of the Cinderella stuff, I think Heartbreak Station [is] my favorite because I just love how dry and how raw that record is. And we evolved into that sound, whereas the first two records were a little more 'flavor of the day' in the processing – you know, things were a little slicker and kind of processed in the '80s – and we evolved into this more organic, kind of dry, raw, real sound on Heartbreak Station." Keifer stated that the raw sound made it easier to feel "the emotion. . . . of the music and the players."

Critical reception
In a positive review, Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic wrote, "Cinderella reached back into the Stones and Aerosmith songbooks and created a sneering, raunchy hard rock album that was artistically their finest moment, even if it didn't reach the same commercial heights as its predecessors."

The Chicago Tribune wrote a review that stated, "The band's new PolyGram Records album, Heartbreak Station, features more rootsy blues rock... . Yet despite Cinderella's blues leanings, critics often lump the group in with party bands like Poison and Warrant."

In a more negative review, the LA Times wrote, "Any band that can achieve a good approximation of the Stones' raw, cranking classic period--as Cinderella does here-- at least has the validity of a solid bar band. But Cinderella fails to justify and redeem its stylistic thefts by infusing a borrowed sound with a personal perspective."

People began their negative review with sarcasm, "The first thing that strikes you about this new album by Poison...er, uh, this new album by Cinderella...is how utterly original it is." They continue this theme throughout: "So as I was saying, you can't go wrong if you buy this new Mötley Crüe record. Ask for it by name."

Personnel
Track information and credits adapted from Discogs and AllMusic, then verified from the album's liner notes.

Cinderella

 * Tom Keifer – vocals, electric guitar, 12 & 6 string acoustic guitar, mandolin, piano, lap steel guitar, mandocello, dobro, acoustic & electric slide guitar, producer
 * Jeff LaBar – guitar, slide guitar
 * Eric Brittingham – bass
 * Fred Coury – drums, percussion, background vocals

Additional musicians
 * Bashiri Johnson – percussion
 * Jay Davidson – saxophone (tracks 1, 3, 10), piano (track 10)
 * Rod Roddy – clavinet (track 2), piano (tracks 3, 4)
 * Dennis Ruello – baritone saxophone (track 2)
 * The Memphis Horns
 * Andrew Love – saxophone (track 2)
 * Wayne Jackson – trumpet (track 2)
 * Jay Levin – pedal steel guitar (track 6)
 * Ken Hensley – organ (tracks 5, 8, 10)
 * Brian O'Neal – piano, organ (tracks 5, 8)
 * Rick Criniti – keyboards (tracks 6, 7)
 * John Avarese – synthesizer programming (track 9)
 * Roy McDonald – synthesizer programming (track 11)
 * John Paul Jones – string arrangements (tracks 4, 11)
 * Elaine Foster, Sharon Foster, Tara Pellerin – background vocals (tracks 3, 4)
 * Brenda King, Carla Benson, Curtis King, Evette Benton, Tawatha Agee – background vocals (tracks 5, 8)
 * Eric Troyer – background vocals (track 10)

Production
 * John Jansen – producer
 * Gary Lyons – engineer
 * Brian Stover, Nelson Ayres – assistant engineers (tracks 1 to 5, 8 to 11)
 * Chris Laidlaw – assistant engineer (tracks 1, 5 to 7)
 * Gene Foster, Jim Odom – assistant engineers (tracks 2 to 4, 11)
 * Matthew "Boomer" Lamonica – assistant engineer (tracks 4, 9 to 11)
 * Steve Thompson, Michael Barbiero – mixing
 * George Cowan, Mike Reiter – mixing assistants
 * Mitchell Kanner – art direction, design
 * Scott Townsend – design
 * Andrew Clatworthy, Mark "Weissguy" Weiss, Neil Zlozower, Robert John, William Hames, Ross Halfin – photography

title: Heartbreak Station


text:
Institute in Basic Life Principles

The Institute in Basic Life Principles (IBLP) is a nondenominational Christian fundamentalist organization that serves as an umbrella organization for several ministries established by American Christian minister Bill Gothard in 1961. The stated purpose of the organization is to provide instruction on how to find success in life by following biblical principles. This involves programs that include seminars for ministry, community outreach, troubled youth mentoring, and an international ministry. The IBLP has been described as a cult.

History
IBLP was originally organized in 1961 under the name Campus Teams. The organization changed its name to Institute in Basic Youth Conflicts (IBYC) in 1974 (consistent with the title of its founder's seminar) and adopted its current name in 1989 (to reflect its expansion beyond the seminars). From its inception until around 2015, IBLP was headquartered in the Chicago area, after which, according to Chicago Magazine, it relocated its headquarters to a facility east of the small East Texas town of Big Sandy.

IBLP started promoting Basic Youth Conflicts seminars in areas around the United States and other nations, which according to its own history, during the 1970s had attendances of up to 20,000 persons.

In 1979 IBLP bought a Learjet. In 2006, In These Times reported the IBLP earned US$63 million (equivalent to about $ million in ). IBLP does not post its financial information on its website and its IRS Form 990 information is not public.

In 2008 the rise to celebrity status of one group of IBLP followers, the Duggar family, through the TLC series 17 Kids and Counting, brought a new wave of interest in the organization and its teachings.

From 2009 to 2012, the Institute in Basic Life Principles began a steady decline, losing money, assets, and greatly decreasing the number of annual seminars it conducted, while the public became increasingly aware of controversy (more specifically, allegations of sexual misconduct) associated with Gothard and IBLP. The controversy led to Gothard resigning in 2014, though not admitting to anything more than "a violation of trust"; IBLP's Board would accept his resignation, but after their own investigation concluded that Gothard had "acted in an inappropriate manner" and therefore was "not permitted to serve in any counseling, leadership, or Board role within the IBLP ministry". Since that time, Gothard has not been involved in any manner within IBLP, and the organization's website only mentions him in its historical section.

Programs and teachings
In addition to adherence to the Bible and their idea of Christian ideals, the IBLP considers men, in particular the patriarch of a family, to be superior, whereas women are expected to obey men in every way. This includes in the home, school, workplace, and marriage. Women are raised to learn how to become good wives and mothers, and to birth and raise children for the IBLP men chosen by the women's fathers to be their husbands; couples are matched after a complex courtship overseen by both sets of parents. Women are not allowed to date or flirt. Women are also discouraged from attaining higher education. Some of Gothard's personal secretaries were allowed to wear red nail polish and heels.

The consumption of media, such as television, movies, most music and the internet, is not allowed, though non-contemporary Christian music is accepted. All music which features syncopation is banned. Dancing is not allowed, and the consumption of alcohol is also banned.

Women are expected to wear dresses and to have long hair; the presence of text printed onto dresses is not allowed, as it is thought to bring attention to the body. Men are expected to wear dark suits and white shirts, and blue jeans are seen as ungodly. Men are also expected to be circumcised, as being uncircumcised is seen as being unpure.

Children are homeschooled,. Certain toys such as Cabbage patch dolls are forbidden. Sexual education is not part of IBLP teachings, leading some children and teens to not understand what sexual assault is, and the practice of not teaching sexual education has been criticized by adults who have since left the IBLP and struggle with relationships. The Bible is read daily, and everyone is expected to spend time meditating on its messages.

Children are taught to obey God's message and the rules of their fathers, and that violation of this leads to bad consequences, such as contracting a cold. According to Chicago Magazine "Real-world consequences at IBLP included scoldings, intense counseling, demotions, and even being kicked out altogether."

IBLP endorsed the teachings of Michael and Debi Pearl on physical discipline.

Teaching on Marriage
IBLP's curriculum focuses heavily on the roles and responsibilities of men and women within a marriage covenant. A husband's authority over his wife is God-given, as is his wife's non-negotiable duty to submit to him; she must respect his position regardless of his "deficiencies". Within marriage, IBLP teaches that God "grants spouses full access to each other’s bodies for sexual gratification" and warns against "resistance or indifference to a husband’s need for physical intimacy". Wives and children are occasionally referenced as "goods" belonging to the husband, which may be subjected to torment by Satan himself should the husband remove the home's spiritual protection by harboring unconfessed sins. A married woman should not seek financial independence, take "matters into her own hands", resist her husband's physical affection, or ask for outside counsel without her husband's permission. Inwardly, married women are admonished to nurture a meek and quiet spirit, while outwardly maintaining beauty, remaining "well-groomed", and striving to dress to "please their husbands".

Seminars
The Basic Seminar is the organization's introductory program, and in 2020 the organization claimed that more than 2.5 million people had taken the Basic Seminar. Originally, once a person attended a Basic Seminar, s/he could attend it free of charge for life in the following years. The Basic Seminar was endorsed by Mike Huckabee.

The Advanced Seminar built upon the teachings in the Basic Seminar; unlike the Basic Seminar, it was not free of charge after first attendance.

Other seminars offered include one on Anger Resolution, and the "Financial Freedom Seminar" (taught by Jim Sammons, a Fort Worth-based businessman), which mainly taught that families should have absolutely no debt, not even a mortgage.

All materials are available for purchase through IBLP's online store; the organization no longer hosts in-person seminars.

Advanced Training Institute
The Advanced Training Institute (ATI) is the IBLP's homeschool curriculum; it began operations in 1984.

The curriculum was originally composed of 54 pamphlets called "wisdom booklets", and was based on the Sermon on the Mount.

In order to enroll in ATI, a family had to have attended both the Basic and Advanced Seminars and meet other requirements (ATI curriculum was, at the time, not available to the general public for use by other homeschool families).

According to their website, ATI ceased to be an "enrollment program" in 2021. Of the original 54 booklets, 15 are now available for purchase by the general public from IBLP's online store.

ALERT
The Air Land Emergency Rescue Team (ALERT) is a training program for young men. It consists of two components (one does not have to be involved in both to complete the program):
 * ALERT Cadet, a program for nuclear family fathers and sons (though boys with no father can participate through other relatives or family friends) structured similarly to Cub Scouts and Boy Scouts (there is no similar structured program within IBLP for young ladies similar to Girl Scouts)
 * International ALERT Academy, a program for young men structured similar to military boot camp, consisting of Basic Training, Intermediate Training, and Advanced Training (during which the young man can choose from several disciplines such as Aviation, Construction, or EMT)

Former Programs
IBLP previously provided "medical advice" through the Medical Training Institute of America (MTIA). MTIA issued numerous pamphlets, called "Basic Care Bulletins" (similar to ATI's Wisdom Booklets) which were heavy on spiritual advice but virtually non-existent on actual medical advice. In his very first pamphlet, Gothard actually suggested that a patient be allowed to speak with former patients of their doctor having similar conditions (even though such would likely violate HIPAA) and suggested that doctors use prior x-rays ("to avoid unnecessary rads", even though the physical condition likely changed in the interim).

One of the more interesting aspects of MTIA was Gothard's heavy emphasis on the issue of "constipation", leading Don Veniot (leader of Midwest Christian Outreach) to ask "[w]ill God's judgment be thwarted by a regular helping of shredded wheat every morning?"

Sometime subsequent to 2002 (when Veniot's book was published), IBLP discontinued MTIA and it is no longer shown on their website, nor are the "Basic Care Bulletins" offered for sale.

Leadership

 * Tim Levendusky, President
 * Gil Bates, Board Member
 * David York, Board Member
 * John Bechtle, Board Member

Notable prior leaders
James R. Leininger was a member of the organization's advisory board. Sam Johnson was a member of the organization's board of directors.

Though not a member of the Board, Mike Huckabee has been actively involved and has openly supported IBLP, as has Rick Perry.

Facilities
IBLP once maintained a number of facilities around the United States. However, as of August 2023, the only United States facilities shown are the organization's headquarters in Texas, a retreat center on 3,000 acres near Watersmeet, Michigan, and a post office box in Conway, Arkansas for its prison ministry. IBLP also lists several locations (some of which are mailing facilities only) in various countries worldwide.

Their former headquarters was a 223-acre compound in Hinsdale, the hometown of Gothard (though it would prominently feature its "Box One, Oak Brook, Illinois" mailing address on its promotional materials). At its peak the Hinsdale headquarters had 200 to 300 staffers. Staffers were housed in nearby buildings owned by the organization. In the 1980s and 1990s IBLP repeatedly proposed expansions of their presence in Hinsdale with office buildings, dozens of houses, and a hotel but was unable to do so due to community opposition.

In 2000 David Green, President of Hobby Lobby, purchased the former Texas campus of Ambassador College located east of Big Sandy, Texas, and subsequently leased the facility to IBLP. The facility would initially house the ALERT program due to its size and location away from heavily populated areas. However, after Gothard's resignation in 2014, due in large part to declining financial support resulting from the numerous scandals surrounding IBLP, the organization would relocate its headquarters and the majority of its remaining operations to the Texas facility, and no longer has any operations in the Chicago area.

Allegations and investigations
A number of former adherents of IBLP programmes have described the organization and/or associated circles as a cult. Don Veinot, president of Midwest Christian Outreach, says that the charismatic leader, authoritarian control, isolation of members, severe punishments, and demand for absolute and blind loyalty add up to IBLP being "cult-like".

In the 1980s, the organization faced "a major sex scandal" when Gothard's brother, Steve Gothard, resigned as administrative director after having affairs with several secretaries of the institute. According to accounts reported by Midwest Christian Outreach founders Ron and Joy Veinot (in their book A Matter of Basic Principles), the board recommended that Bill (who also admitted to sexual misconduct) resign from the board, which he did, only to take advantage of an ensuing power struggle to regain his position and control of IBLP, thereafter filling board positions with people absolutely loyal to him.

In 2014, Gothard resigned as President of IBLP after reports that he had once again sexually harassed multiple women and failed to report allegations of child abuse in the organization. Gothard allegedly selected young women for administrative positions within the organization, then manipulated and harassed them while in his employment. Several of those accounts were featured on the website of Recovering Grace, a website and Christian ministry that functions as a support group for former students and members of IBLP. An investigation into the allegations by the IBLP board concluded he did not act "criminally" but did act "inappropriately", and (notwithstanding their loyalty to Gothard) notified him that he was permanently disqualified from returning to the organization in any capacity.

On October 20, 2015, a civil lawsuit alleging a sex-abuse cover-up involving several minors was filed in DuPage County, Illinois against IBLP and its board of directors. Gretchen Wilkinson et al. vs. Institute in Basic Life Principles and William W. Gothard Jr. was brought on behalf of five female plaintiffs in order to "seek redress and damages for personal injuries based on the negligent and willful and wanton acts and omissions of the defendants with regard to sexual abuse and sexual harassment and similar allegations of malfeasance suffered by the plaintiffs." "Besides monetary damages, they have asked a DuPage County judge to bar IBLP leaders from alleged plans to liquidate resources estimated at more than $100 million while they close the institute's headquarters near Oak Brook and relocate to Texas, the lawsuit states." Five additional accusers joined the suit in January 2016, and even more in February 2016, bringing the grand total of complainants to sixteen women and two men. The case was voluntarily dismissed on February 26, 2018, due to statute of limitations.

In the media
Amazon Prime Video debuted the limited series Shiny Happy People: Duggar Family Secrets in June 2023. The series centers on the Duggar family's connections with the IBLP.

title: Institute in Basic Life Principles


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Matthew Jackson

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was Delete. --Spinboy 19:00, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Matthew Jackson
Non notable student actor. Vanity article. Fails pokemon test. Delete. --Spinboy 06:58, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC) This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * KEEP* Specifically pertaining to Spinboy in terms of Jackson's notability and references: Jackson is established actor in his hometown (credits include "A Midsummer Nights Dream" and "Dudley the Lonely Dragon"). The fact that Spinboy actually wrote 'fails pokemon test' proves that Jackson is far superior than those who vote for his deletion. User: Simmer
 * Above is really User:69.158.142.129. RickK 23:04, Apr 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, reads like a puff piece. Matthew Jackson + "Calum Marsh" gets no google hits that pertain to him. Delete Image:Wikipedia.JPG as well. Xezbeth  07:01, Apr 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, possible vanity. Megan1967 12:09, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * DO NOT DELETE. i know him personally and this is not a vanity article. Every fact in here is 100% true. Calum Marsh and Matthew Jackson are real, just because there are no google entries, does not mean they "do not exisit". Google doesnt have everything. DO NOT DELETE. this is factual.
 * Just because it's factual doesn't make it notable. Above 'vote' from User:Sades1313. --Spinboy 16:48, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Why would it not be notable? People can be notable in their own rights. just because u dont know who he is, doesnt mean others dont and it doesnt make him "not notable"--sades1313 16:51, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * He needs to have done something outside of Carleton to be notable. Like being in a film at the Cannes Film Festival or Sundance Film Festival, or a major motion picture, and a role besides an extra. Appearing in a student film doesn't make him notable. --Spinboy 16:53, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * DO NOT DELETE. keep. i searched them. and i got info. it made my day.
 * The above vote is from User:216.249.53.163 and looks shockingly a lot like that of User:Sades1313. Good thing we don't count votes from anonymous users. --Spinboy 18:40, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Maybe he'll be a notable actor a few years from now. --TenOfAllTrades | Talk 18:38, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, no one is denying that the subject of the article is a real person, but not everyone is notable. Firebug 18:47, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non-notable, vanity. --InShaneee 19:08, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, nn, no more notable than Calum Marsh. RickK 19:53, Apr 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * "The above vote is from User:216.249.53.163 and looks shockingly a lot like that of User:Sades1313. " WRONG. not me. nice try though. Why dont you prove that he isnt notable. just because you cant find information on him from google, doesnt mean he isnt notable. Google isnt god, it doesnt know about everything. it has to have been put there in order for google to find it. Whats the big deal, why not leave it there. what does it hurt and he might just be note worthy in the books of many, just because you dont think he is, doesnt mean he isnt.and another thing, Calum Marsh has had his movies played in film festivals and theatres, isnt that notable?! --sades1313 20:11, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * It's not up to us to prove he is notable. It's up to the people working on the article to provide back up references, etc. --Spinboy 20:47, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Sock-puppetry never helps one's cause. The subject of the article is decidedly non-notable, however, so my vote would be the same in the absence of puppets. Feco 21:09, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity/promo. Wile E. Heresiarch 05:04, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity, sockpuppet supported. Jayjg (talk) 06:19, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as nonnotable and probable vanity. If User:Mattjackson is, by any chance, Matthew Jackson, another acceptable possibility would be to "userfy" it, i.e. move it to his currently blank personal user page, where it would be perfectly appropriate. If User:Mattjackson wants this done, he should say so here. (Anyone know what the GFDL issues are in userfying a page that has more than one contributor?) Dpbsmith (talk) 14:36, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I couldn't forsee an issue in this. But I doubt that user is here to do anything but promote his own page. --Spinboy 16:57, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)


text:
Vatican Nitez

Vatican Nitez is an album by Global Goon released on Rephlex Records.

Track listing

 * 1) "Business Man"  – 3:28
 * 2) "Jerky Dharma"  – 3:47
 * 3) "On The 73"  – 4:54
 * 4) "Kreem Ballet"  – 5:35
 * 5) "Ray Krebs Drives A Car"  – 1:28
 * 6) "Stan's Slaves"  – 3:30
 * 7) "!"  – 3:09
 * 8) "Crudulus"  – 1:17
 * 9) "Drugula"  – 2:29
 * 10) "Scott Cronce Is The CEO"  – 4:22
 * 11) "Globy Dubes, Champeen Of All Americky"  – 5:13

title: Vatican Nitez


text:
Arthur T. Hannett

Arthur Thomas Hannett (February 17, 1884 – March 18, 1966) was an American lawyer and politician who rose to become the seventh governor of New Mexico.

Biography
He was born on February 17, 1884, in Lyons, New York, the son of William Hannett and Mary McCarthy. After completing high school he entered Syracuse University, where he graduated in 1910. Hannett came to Gallup, New Mexico, in 1911, where he began to practice law. His first public office was City Attorney and he also served as Mayor of Gallup for four years. Hannett married Louise Westfall, daughter of William and Estella Westfall, at Clyde, New York, on August 13, 1913. He was an alternate delegate from New Mexico to the Democratic National Convention at Baltimore in 1912, and chairman of the New Mexico delegation at the Democratic National Convention at San Francisco in 1920.

After serving as a member of the State Highway Commission from March 1923, until December 1924, Hannett was elected governor of New Mexico and served from January 1, 1925, until January 1, 1927.

During his tenure U.S. Route 66 was rerouted to avoid Santa Fe and instead passed through Albuquerque, New Mexico. The rerouting saves drivers traveling across the state nearly four hours. Legend says Hannett did the rerouting to punish the Republican Santa Fe Ring which had controlled New Mexico politics in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

He died on March 18, 1966, in Albuquerque, New Mexico.

title: Arthur T. Hannett


text:
DeQuincy Scott

DeQuincy Scott (born March 5, 1978) is a former American football defensive tackle in the National Football League (NFL). He was originally signed as an undrafted free agent in 2001 out of The University of Southern Mississippi by the San Diego Chargers. He has also played for the Tennessee Titans.

High school
Scott attended East St. John High School in Reserve and was a letterman in baseball and football.

title: DeQuincy Scott


text: User talk:4.27.189.196

title: User talk:4.27.189.196