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Russell Mittermeier

Russell Alan Mittermeier (born November 8, 1949) is a primatologist and herpetologist. He has written several books for both popular and scientist audiences, and has authored more than 300 scientific papers.

Biography
Russell A. Mittermeier is Chief Conservation Officer of Re:wild (formerly Global Wildlife Conservation). He served as President of Conservation International from 1989 to 2014, then Executive Vice-Chair from 2014 to 2017. He specialises in the fields of primatology, herpetology, biodiversity and conservation of tropical forests. He has undertaken research in more than 30 countries, including Amazonia (particularly Brazil and Suriname) and Madagascar.

Since 1977, Mittermeier has served as Chairman of the IUCN-World Conservation Union Species Survival Commission Primate Specialist Group, and he has been a member of the Steering Committee of the Species Survival Commission since 1982. Before working for Conservation International, he spent 11 years at the World Wildlife Fund in the United States, starting as Director of their Primate Program and ending up as Vice-President for Science. He also served as an IUCN-World Conservation Union Regional Councillor for the period 2004–2012, was elected as one of IUCN-World Conservation Union's four Vice-Presidents for the period 2009–2012, and then was elected a lifetime Honorary IUCN-World Conservation Union Member in 2012. He also chaired the first World Bank Task Force on Biodiversity in 1988, which was instrumental in introducing the term "biodiversity" to that institution.

He became an adjunct professor at the Stony Brook University in 1978, a research associate at the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University for more than two decades, and has been President of the Margot Marsh Biodiversity Foundation since 1996. More recently, he was instrumental in the creation of the 25 million Euro Mohamed bin Zayed Species Conservation Fund, a new species-focused fund based in Abu Dhabi, and serves as a member of its Advisory Committee.

In the late 1970s, Mittermeier undertook one of the first studies of the critically endangered northern muriqui woolly spider monkeys in what would become the Caratinga Biological Station. Mittermeier has been particularly interested in the discovery and description of species new to science. He has described a total of 14 new species (three turtles, four lemurs, an African monkey, and six Amazonian monkeys) and has eight species named in his honor (three frogs, a lizard, two lemurs, a monkey, and an ant). The most recent (2014) of these is Mittermeier's saki, Pithecia mittermeieri, a monkey from the Brazilian Amazon. The lizard, Anolis williamsmittermeierorum, is named in honor of Mittermeier and American herpetologist Ernest E. Williams.

Mittermeier has also been a leader in promoting species-focused ecotourism, particularly primate-watching and primate life-listing, and more recently turtle-watching and turtle life-listing, following the very successful model of the bird-watching community. To facilitate this, he launched a Tropical Field Guide Series and a Pocket Guide Series focused heavily on primates, but including a number of other species groups as well. More recent publications include The Tropical Field Guide Series are Lemurs of Madagascar, Third Edition (2010) and Primates of West Africa (2011) with a French edition of the Lemurs of Madagascar released in 2014. His own primate life-list, now totaling more than 350 species, is among the largest in the world.

Mittermeier was born in New York City. He received his B.A.(summa cum laude, Phi Beta Kappa) from Dartmouth college and Ph.D. from Harvard University in biological anthropology for a thesis entitled, "Distribution, Synecology, and Conservation of Suriname Monkeys" in 1977.

Awards and honors
Mittermeier's awards and honors include:

 * The Order of the Golden Ark from His Royal Highness Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands (1995)
 * The Grand Order of the Southern Cross from the President of Brazil (1997)
 * The Cincinnati Zoo Wildlife Conservation Award (1997)
 * The Brazilian Muriqui Prize (1997)
 * The Grand Sash and Order of the Yellow Star from the President of Suriname Jules Wijdenbosch(1998)
 * The Order of the Southern Cross of President Fernando Henrique Cardoso of Brazil (1998)
 * The second annual Aldo Leopold Award from the American Society of Mammalogists (ASM), 2004.
 * Sigma Xi's John P. McGovern Science and Society Award (2007)
 * The Sir Peter Scott Award of IUCN's Species Survival Commission (2008)
 * The Association of Tropical Biology's Special Recognition Award for Conservation (2008)
 * The twelfth annual Roger Tory Peterson Memorial Award from the Harvard Museum of Natural History (2009)
 * Honorary Degree from Eckerd College (St. Petersburg, Florida) in recognition of his conservation work.
 * The Indianapolis Prize for Conservation (2018)

Selected bibliography
Russell Mittermeier's writing includes 36 books and more than 700 scientific and popular articles. Among his books are The Trilogy Megadiversity (1997), Hotspots (2000) and Wilderness Areas (2002), Wildlife Spectacles (2003), Hotspots Revisited (2004), Transboundary Conservation (2005), Lemurs of Madagascar (1994; 2006; 2010), Pantanal: South America's Wetland Jewel (2005), A Climate for Life (2008), The Wealth of Nature: Ecosystems, Biodiversity and Human Well-Being (2009), Freshwater: The Essence of Life (2010), Oceans: Heart of our Blue Planet (2011) and The Handbook of the Mammals of the World (Vol. 3 Primates) (2013).
 * Paint It Wild: Paint & See Activity Book (Discover The Rainforest, Vol. 1) (1991), introduction by Mike Roberts and Russell Mittermeier, written by Gad Meiron and Randall Stone, illustrated by Donna Reynolds and Tim Racer
 * Sticker Safari: Sticker And Activity Book (Discover The Rainforest, Vol. 2) (1991), introduction by Mike Roberts and Russell Mittermeier, written by Gad Meiron and Randall Stone, illustrated by Donna Reynolds and Tim Racer
 * Wonders In The Wild: Activity Book (Discover The Rainforest, Vol. 3) (1991), introduction by Mike Roberts and Russell Mittermeier, written by Gad Meiron and Randall Stone, illustrated by Donna Reynolds and Tim Racer
 * Ronald McDonald and the Jewel of the Amazon Kingdom: Storybook (Discover The Rainforest, Vol. 4) (1991), introduction by Mike Roberts and Russell Mittermeier, written by Gad Meiron and Randall Stone, illustrated by Donna Reynolds and Tim Racer

title: Russell Mittermeier


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Noah Beery Jr.

Noah Lindsey Beery (August 10, 1913 – November 1, 1994) was an American actor often specializing in warm, friendly character roles similar to many portrayed by his Oscar-winning uncle, Wallace Beery. Unlike his more famous uncle, however, Beery Jr. seldom broke away from playing supporting roles. Active as an actor in films or television for well over half a century, he was best known for playing James Garner's character's father, Joseph "Rocky" Rockford, in the NBC television series The Rockford Files (1974–1980). His father, Noah Nicholas Beery (known professionally as Noah Beery or Noah Beery Sr.) enjoyed a similarly lengthy film career as an extremely prominent supporting actor in major films, although the elder Beery was also frequently a leading man during the silent film era.

Life and career
Beery was born in New York City, New York, where his father was working as a stage actor. He was given his nickname "Pidge" by George M. Cohan's sister Josie.

The family moved to California in 1915 when his father began acting in motion pictures. After attending school in Los Angeles, they moved to a ranch in the San Fernando Valley, a style of living he would maintain for the rest of his life.

At the age of seven, he appeared with his father in The Mark of Zorro and like his father, who immediately began billing himself as "Noah Beery Sr.", he went on to become a respected character actor. His paternal uncle, Oscar-winning actor Wallace Beery, became the world's highest-paid actor by 1932. Although neither Beery Jr. nor his father ever approached that level, both had long and memorable acting careers. The three acting Beerys physically closely resembled each other, but Noah Beery Jr. lacked the powerful voice his father and uncle possessed.

Beery appeared in dozens of films, including a large early role as John Wayne's action partner in The Trail Beyond (1934; Wayne was 27 years old and Beery was 21), Only Angels Have Wings (1939) with Cary Grant, 20 Mule Team (1940) with his uncle Wallace Beery, and Red River (1948), again with John Wayne as well as Montgomery Clift.

Beery's early television work included a weekly stint as Joey the Clown in Circus Boy with Micky Dolenz in the mid-1950s. In 1960, Beery replaced Burt Reynolds as the co-starring sidekick on Riverboat, an NBC Western series starring Darren McGavin.

He appeared once on the religion anthology series Crossroads and on Walter Brennan's ABC sitcom, The Real McCoys. He guest-starred three times on the long-running NBC Western series The Virginian in the 1960s, and twice during the same era on Wagon Train. In 1965, he made two guest appearances on Perry Mason (murderer Tony Claus in "The Case of the Golden Venom", nine months later he played as defendant Lucas Tolliver in "The Case of the Hasty Honeymooner").

Beery portrayed the buckskin-clad recurring sidekick character "Buffalo Baker" in the 17-episode 1967 television series Hondo starring Ralph Taeger, a role played by Ward Bond in the original 3D John Wayne film. In 1970 Beery appeared as Will Baxter on the TV western The Virginian. But Beery remains best known for his role as Joseph "Rocky" Rockford, the amiable but occasionally cantankerous father of Jim Rockford, James Garner's character on The Rockford Files (1974–1980).

Personal life
Beery Jr.'s first wife until 1966 was Maxine Jones, the only child of Western star Buck Jones. His second wife from 1968 until his death was Lisa Thorman. He had two daughters, Muffett and Melissa; a son, actor Bucklind Beery; and three step-children, Page and Sean Slattery and Lerena Barbe.

On February 8, 1960, he received a star located at 7047 Hollywood Blvd. on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contributions to the television industry.

Beery died on November 1, 1994, in Tehachapi, California of a cerebral thrombosis, aged 81. He was interred in Forest Lawn Memorial Park.

Filmography

 * The Mutiny of the Elsinore (1920) as Boy (uncredited)
 * The Mark of Zorro (1920) (with Douglas Fairbanks Sr. and Noah Beery Sr.) as Boy (uncredited)
 * Penrod (1922) (uncredited)
 * Gold Diggers of Broadway (1929) as Stage Boy (uncredited)
 * Showgirl in Hollywood (1930) as Himself – Cameo Appearance at Premiere (uncredited)
 * Renegades (1930) as Young Legionnaire (uncredited)
 * Heroes of the West (1932) as Noah Blaine
 * Jungle Mystery (1932) as Fred Oakes
 * Rustlers' Roundup (1933) as Danny Brand
 * The Three Musketeers (1933, Serial) (with John Wayne) as Stubbs [Chs. 1–2, 10]
 * Fighting with Kit Carson (1933) (with Noah Beery Sr.) as Nakomas
 * Viva Villa! (1934) (scenes deleted)
 * The Trail Beyond (1934) (with John Wayne and Noah Beery Sr.) as Wabi
 * Tailspin Tommy (1934, Serial) as Skeeter Milligan
 * Five Bad Men (1935) as Gene Taggart
 * Devil's Canyon (1935)
 * The Call of the Savage (1935, Serial) as Jan Trevor
 * Stormy (1935) as Stormy
 * Tailspin Tommy in the Great Air Mystery (1935, Serial) as Skeeter Milligan
 * Parole! (1936) as Bobby Freeman
 * Ace Drummond (1936, Serial) as Jerry
 * The Mighty Treve (1937) as Bud McClelland
 * The Road Back (1937) as Wessling
 * Trouble at Midnight (1937) as Kirk Cameron
 * Some Blondes Are Dangerous (1937) as Bud Mason
 * Forbidden Valley (1938) as Ring Hazzard
 * Girls' School (1938) as George
 * The Strange Case of Dr. Meade (1938) as Mart
 * Only Angels Have Wings (1939) (with Cary Grant and Jean Arthur) as Joe Souther
 * Bad Lands (1939) as Chick Lyman
 * Flight at Midnight (1939) as 'Torpy' McDonald
 * Parents on Trial (1939) as Jerry Kearns
 * Of Mice and Men (1939) (with Burgess Meredith and Lon Chaney Jr.) as Whit
 * The Light of Western Stars (1940) as Poco
 * 20 Mule Team (1940) (with Wallace Beery and Anne Baxter) as Mitch
 * Passport to Alcatraz (1940) as Ray Nolan
 * The Carson City Kid (1940) as Scott 'Arizona' Warren
 * Riders of Death Valley (1941, Serial) as Smokey
 * Sergeant York (1941) (with Gary Cooper, Walter Brennan, and Joan Leslie) as Buck Lipscomb
 * Two in a Taxi (1941) (with Anita Louise) as Sandy Connors
 * Tanks a Million (1941) as Charlie Cobb
 * All-American Co-Ed (1941) as Slinky
 * Hay Foot (1942) as Sgt. Charlie Cobb
 * Dudes Are Pretty People (1942, Short) as Pidge Crosby
 * Overland Mail (1942, Serial) (with Lon Chaney Jr. and Noah Beery Sr.) as Sierra Pete
 * 'Neath Brooklyn Bridge (1942) as Butch
 * Calaboose (1943) (with Mary Brian) as Pidge Crosby
 * Prairie Chickens (1943) (with Raymond Hatton) as Pidge Crosby
 * We've Never Been Licked (1943) (with Richard Quine, William Frawley and Robert Mitchum) as Cyanide Jenkins
 * Frontier Badmen (1943) (with Robert Paige, Anne Gwynne, Diana Barrymore and Lon Chaney Jr.) as Jim Cardwell
 * Top Man (1943) as Ed Thompson
 * Corvette K-225 (1943) as Stone
 * Gung Ho!: The Story of Carlson's Makin Island Raiders (1943) (with Randolph Scott and Robert Mitchum) as Kurt Richter
 * Week-End Pass (1944) as Johnny Adams
 * Follow the Boys (1944) (with George Raft, Orson Welles, and Marlene Dietrich) as Himself (uncredited)
 * Allergic to Love (1944) as Kip Henderson
 * Hi, Beautiful (1944) as Jeff Peters
 * Under Western Skies (1945) as Tod Howell
 * Her Lucky Night (1945) (with The Andrew Sisters) as Larry
 * See My Lawyer (1945) as Arthur Lane
 * The Beautiful Cheat (1945) as Prof. Alexander Haven
 * The Crimson Canary (1945) as Danny Brooks
 * The Daltons Ride Again (1945) (with Lon Chaney Jr.) as Ben Dalton
 * The Cat Creeps (1946) as Pidge 'Flash' Laurie
 * Red River (1948) (with John Wayne and Montgomery Clift) as Buster McGee
 * Indian Agent (1948) as Chief Red Fox
 * The Doolins of Oklahoma (1949) as Little Bill
 * Davy Crockett, Indian Scout (1950) as Tex McGee
 * The Savage Horde (1950) as Glenn Larrabee
 * Rocketship X-M (1950) (with Lloyd Bridges) as Maj. William Corrigan
 * Two Flags West (1950) as Cy Davis
 * The Last Outpost (1951, aka Cavalry Charge) (with Ronald Reagan) as Sgt. Calhoun
 * The Texas Rangers (1951) as Buff Smith
 * The Cimarron Kid (1952) (with Audie Murphy) as Bob Dalton
 * Wagons West (1952) (with Rod Cameron) as Arch Lawrence
 * The Story of Will Rogers (1952) (with Will Rogers Jr. and Jane Wyman) as Wiley Post
 * Tropic Zone (1953) (with Ronald Reagan and Rhonda Fleming) as Tapachula Sam
 * Wings of the Hawk (1953) as Pascual Orozco
 * War Arrow (1953) (with Maureen O'Hara and Jeff Chandler) as Sgt. Augustus Wilks
 * The Yellow Tomahawk (1954) as Tonio Perez
 * The Black Dakotas (1954) as Gimpy Joe Woods
 * White Feather (1955) (with Robert Wagner and Jeffrey Hunter) as Lt. Ferguson
 * Jubal (1956) (with Ernest Borgnine and Glenn Ford) as Sam – Horgan Rider
 * The Fastest Gun Alive (1956) as Dink Wells, Bank Robber
 * Decision at Sundown (1957) (with Randolph Scott) as Sam
 * Escort West (1959) as Lt. Jamison
 * Guns of the Timberland (1960) as Blackie
 * Inherit the Wind (1960) (with Spencer Tracy and Fredric March) as John Stebbins
 * 7 Faces of Dr. Lao (1964) as Tim Mitchell
 * Incident at Phantom Hill (1966) (with Robert Fuller and Dan Duryea) as O'Rourke
 * Journey to Shiloh (1968) as Sgt. Mercer Barnes
 * Heaven with a Gun (1969) (with Glenn Ford) as Garvey
 * The Cockeyed Cowboys of Calico County (1970) as Eddie
 * Little Fauss and Big Halsy (1970) (with Robert Redford, Michael J. Pollard, and Lauren Hutton) as Seally Fauss
 * 43: The Richard Petty Story (1972) as Julie
 * Walking Tall (1973) (with Joe Don Baker and Elizabeth Hartman) as Grandpa
 * The Spikes Gang (1974) (with Lee Marvin and Gary Grimes) as Basset
 * Walking Tall Part II (1975) as Carl Pusser
 * The Bastard (1978, TV movie) (with Andrew Stevens and Kim Cattrall) as Dan O'Brien
 * The Great American Traffic Jam (1980, TV movie) as Barney
 * The Big Stuffed Dog (1981, TV movie) as Petey's Grandfather
 * The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas (1982) (with Burt Reynolds and Dolly Parton) as Edsel
 * Waltz Across Texas (1982) (with Anne Archer) as Joe Locker

Television

 * Rin Tin Tin (TV series) - (1954)
 * Circus Boy (TV series) – series – Joey (1956–1957)
 * Rawhide – episode: "Incident of the Chubasco" – Arkansas (1959)
 * The Real McCoys – episode: "The Investors" – Claude McCoy (1961)
 * Wagon Train – episode: "The Jonas Murdock Story" – Jonas Murdock (1960)
 * Wagon Train – episode: "Path of the Serpent" – Ruddy Blaine (1961)
 * Wanted: Dead or Alive – episode: "El Gato" – El Gato (1961)
 * Wanted: Dead or Alive – episode: "Barney's Bounty" – Barney Durant (1961)
 * Route 66 – episode: "1800 Days to Justice" – Emlyn Job (1962)
 * Gunsmoke – episode: S9E18 "Prairie Wolfer" (1964)
 * Wagon Train – episode: "The Kate Crawley Story" – Stump Beasley (1964)
 * Bonanza – episode: "Lotherio Larkin – Lotherio Larkin (1965)
 * Perry Mason – episode: "The Case of the Hasty Honeymooner" - Lucas Tolliver (1965)
 * Lassie – episode: "Danger Mountain" (Season 13) - Carl Bryan (1966)
 * Laredo – episode: "A Taste of Money" – Ezekiel Fry (1966)
 * Combat! – episode: "A Little Jazz" – Hank (1967)
 * Hondo – 17 episodes - Buffalo Baker (1967)
 * Bonanza – episode: "The Crime of Johnny Mule" – Johnny Mule (1968)
 * Alias Smith and Jones – episode: "Something to Get Hung About" – Sheriff (1971)
 * Police Story – episode: "The Big Walk" – Hecker (1973)
 * The Six Million Dollar Man – episode: "Run, Steve, Run" – Tom Molson (1974)
 * The Waltons – episode: "The Heritage" – Charlie Harmon (1974)
 * The Rockford Files – 121 episodes – Joseph "Rocky" Rockford (1974–1980)
 * The Six Million Dollar Man – episode: "The Bionic Badge" – Officer Banner (1976)
 * Ellery Queen – episode: "The Adventure of the Sinister Scenario" – Lionel Briggs (1976)
 * Greatest Heroes of the Bible – episode: "The Story of Esther" – Mordechai (1979)
 * Eight Is Enough – episode: "Marriage and other Flights of Fancy" (1979)
 * The Love Boat – episodes: "Celebration; Captain Papa"; "Honeymoon Pressure" (1980)
 * Vega$ – episode: "Sourdough Suite" – Josiah Sparks (1981)
 * Magnum, P.I. – episode: "All Roads Lead to Floyd" – Floyd Lewellen (1981)
 * Fantasy Island – episode: "High Off the Hog/Reprisal" – Otis T. Boggs (1981)
 * Beyond Witch Mountain (with Eddie Albert) – Uncle Ben (1982)
 * The Yellow Rose – 22 episodes – Luther Dillard (1983–1984)
 * Cover Up – episode: "Nothing to Lose" – Graham (1984)
 * Murder, She Wrote – episode: "Funeral at Fifty-Mile" – Doc Wallace (1985)
 * Trapper John, M.D. – episode: "Buckaroo Bob Rides Again" – Buckaroo Bob Morgan (1985)
 * The Love Boat – episode: "Hello, Emily/The Tour Guide/The Winning Number" – Daryl Wilcox (1986)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Noah Beery Jr.


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Simon Hollingsworth

Simon Hollingsworth (born 9 May 1972) is an Australian former track and field athlete. He is currently the CEO of Athletics Australia.

Athletic career
Hollingsworth competed nationally and internationally for Australia in the 400 metres hurdles. He participated in the 1992 and 1996 Olympic Games, the Commonwealth Games and World Athletics Championships.

Hollingsworth holds the record in the 400m hurdles at under 18 level with a time of 50.45 seconds.

Education
He studied at St Patrick's College, Launceston, and St Virgil's College, Hobart, before graduating from the University of Tasmania in 1996 with a combined degree of Bachelor of Commerce and Bachelor of Laws, achieving Honours in Law.

He was a Rhodes Scholar at Exeter College, Oxford where he studied Philosophy, Politics, and Economics.

Business career
Hollingsworth is a member of the Athletes commission and has acted as chairperson of the Commission since 2000.

Hollingsworth was an Executive Director in the Victorian Department of Premier and Cabinet before being appointed the CEO of the Australian Sports Commission on 27 September 2011. He resigned as CEO in August 2016 to take up a senior finance position in the Victorian Government. He later served as CEO of the Magistrates' Court of Victoria.

In May 2024, Hollingsworth was appointed CEO of Athletics Australia.

National podiums

 * 400 m hurdles
 * 1993–94: third (49.68)
 * 1994–95: runner-up (49.73)
 * 1995–96: runner-up (50.12)

title: Simon Hollingsworth


text: Category:Compositions by Arnold Schoenberg


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Brian Sewell

Brian Alfred Christopher Bushell Sewell (15 July 1931 – 19 September 2015) was an English art critic. He wrote for the Evening Standard and had an acerbic view of conceptual art and the Turner Prize. The Guardian described him as "Britain's most famous and controversial art critic", while the Standard called him the "nation’s best art critic".

Early life
Sewell was born on 15 July 1931, in Hammersmith, London, taking his mother's surname, Perkins. The man who in later life he claimed was his father, composer Philip Heseltine, better known as Peter Warlock, died of coal gas poisoning seven months before Sewell was born. Brian was brought up in Kensington, west London, and elsewhere by his mother, Mary Jessica Perkins, who married Robert Sewell in 1936.

He was educated at the private Haberdashers' Aske's Boys' School in Hertfordshire. Offered a place to read history at Oxford, Sewell instead chose to enter the Courtauld Institute of Art, University of London, where his tutors included Anthony Blunt, who became his close friend.

Sewell graduated in 1957 and worked at Christie's auction house, specialising in Old Master paintings and drawings. After leaving Christie's he became an art dealer. He completed his National Service as a commissioned officer in the Royal Army Service Corps. He took LSD as a young man, describing it in 2007 as a drug "for people of my age. It's wonderful. The one thing you could not do, however, was drip it into your eyeballs. It sent you absolutely bonkers."

In 1979, after Blunt's exposure as the fourth man in the Cambridge spy ring, gaining much media attention, Sewell assisted in sheltering him in Chiswick.

Art criticism
Following the Blunt affair, Sewell was hired as art critic for Tina Brown's revitalised Tatler magazine. In 1984, he replaced the avant-garde critic Richard Cork as art critic for the Evening Standard. He won press awards including Critic of the Year (1988), Arts Journalist of the Year (1994), the Hawthornden Prize for Art Criticism (1995) and the Foreign Press Award (Arts) in 2000. In April 2003, he was awarded the Orwell Prize for his Evening Standard column. In criticisms of the Tate Gallery's art, he coined the term "Serota tendency" after its director Nicholas Serota.

Although Sewell appeared on BBC Radio 4 in the early 1990s, it was not until the late 1990s that he became a household figure through his appearances on television. He was known for his formal, old-fashioned RP diction and for his anti-populist sentiments. He offended people in Gateshead by claiming an exhibition was too important to be held at the town's Baltic Centre for Contemporary Art and should instead be shown to "more sophisticated" audiences in London. He also disparaged Liverpool as a cultural city.

Controversy
In 1994 thirty-five figures from the art world signed a letter to the Evening Standard attacking Sewell for "homophobia", "misogyny", "demagogy", "hypocrisy", "artistic prejudice", "formulaic insults" and "predictable scurrility". Signatories included Karsten Schubert, Maureen Paley, Michael Craig-Martin, Christopher Frayling, John Hoyland, Sarah Kent, Nicholas Logsdail, George Melly, Sandy Nairne, Eduardo Paolozzi, Bridget Riley, Richard Shone, Marina Warner, Natalie Wheen and Rachel Whiteread.

Sewell responded with comments about many of the signatories, describing Paley as being "the curatrix of innumerable silly little Arts Council exhibitions" and describing Whiteread as being "mortified by my dismissal of her work for the Turner Prize". A letter supporting Sewell from twenty other art-world signatories accused the writers of attempted censorship to promote "a relentless programme of neo-conceptual art in all the main London venues". Sewell suggested that art world insiders had felt embarrassed by a recent TV stunt in which he, a dealer and another critic had been shown a painting without being told that it had been painted by an elephant. Sewell described the painting as having no merit, while the other participants praised it.

Sewell's attitude toward female artists was controversial. In July 2008, he was quoted in The Independent as saying:"The art market is not sexist. The likes of Bridget Riley and Louise Bourgeois are of the second and third rank. There has never been a first-rank woman artist. Only men are capable of aesthetic greatness. Women make up 50 per cent or more of classes at art school. Yet they fade away in their late 20s or 30s. Maybe it's something to do with bearing children."

Despite being attacked in his 2013 memoirs, Veronica Wadley, the editor of the Standard between 2002 and 2009, defended Sewell and said she had defended him from management and arts' lobbyists who wanted him sacked.

Sewell was strongly opinionated and was known to insult the general public for their views on art. With regard to public praise for the work of Banksy in Bristol, he was quoted as saying:"The public doesn't know good from bad. For this city to be guided by the opinion of people who don't know anything about art is lunacy. It doesn't matter if they [the public] like it."

He went on to assert that Banksy himself "should have been put down at birth." Media personality Clive Anderson described him as "a man intent on keeping his Christmas card list nice and short." In an Evening Standard review, Sewell summed up his view of the David Hockney: A Bigger Picture exhibition at the Royal Academy, as concluding that Hockney had made a mistake focusing on painting in his later career:

"There was a time in the 1970s when I thought him one of the best draughtsmen of the 20th century, wonderfully skilful, observant, subtle, sympathetic, spare, every touch of pencil, pen or crayon essential to the evocation of the subject, whether it be a portrait or light flooding a sparse room; nothing has made me change that view, but Hockney has tried very hard...Hockney is not another Turner expressing, in high seriousness, his debt to the old master; Hockney is not another Picasso teasing Velázquez and Delacroix with not quite enough wit; here Hockney is a vulgar prankster, trivialising not only a painting that he is incapable of understanding and could never execute but in involving him in the various parodies, demeaning Picasso too."

Sewell was also known for his disdain for Damien Hirst, describing him as "fucking dreadful". In his review of Hirst's 2012 show at Tate Modern, Sewell said "To own a Hirst is to tell the world that your bathroom taps are gilded and your Rolls-Royce is pink" adding, "Put bluntly, this man’s imagination is quite as dead as all the dead creatures here suspended in formaldehyde."

Television
In 2003, Sewell made a pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela in a documentary called The Naked Pilgrim, produced by Wag TV for Channel 5. Although he had not practised for decades, Sewell considered himself a Roman Catholic, prompting an emotional response to the faith of pilgrims at Lourdes. The series attracted large audiences and won the Sandford St Martin Trust award for Best Religious Programme. Following The Naked Pilgrim Sewell presented on two more series for Channel 5: Brian Sewell's Phantoms & Shadows: 100 Years of Rolls-Royce in 2004 and Brian Sewell's Grand Tour in 2006. Sewell also appeared as a guest film reviewer on Channel 5's Movie Lounge, where he frequently savaged films.

In Dirty Dalí: A Private View on Channel 4 on 3 June 2007, Sewell described his acquaintance with Salvador Dalí in the late 1960s, which included lying in the foetal position without trousers in the armpit of a figure of Christ and masturbating for Dalí, who pretended to take photos while fumbling in his trousers. Sewell appeared twice as panellist on the BBC's panel quiz programme Have I Got News for You and tried to teach cricketer Phil Tufnell about art (and learn about cricket) in ITV's Don't Call Me Stupid.

Sewell was the voice of Sir Kiftsgate in an episode of the children's cartoon The Big Knights. He also presented a programme on Voom HD Networks' Art Channel: Gallery HD called Brian Sewell's Grand Tour, in which he toured beautiful cities (primarily in Italy) visiting museums, towns, churches, historic sites, public squares, monuments and notable architectural spots whilst meeting local residents to discuss culture and art. Sewell reflected upon the 18th century, giving the perspective of what it would have been like as a Grand Tourist. Then he elaborated on what has become of these sites and those which have become lost over the course of history. In a 2009 BBC documentary about the UK's so-called North-South divide, presented by ex-Deputy Prime Minister John Prescott, Sewell caused controversy by declaring that the solution to the divide was to send a pox or a plague upon the North so that the people there could all just die quietly.

Brian Badonde, one of the characters from the comedy show Facejacker, played by Kayvan Novak, was said by journalist Jimi Famurewa to be a parody of Sewell. His distinctive voice, described by one journalist as "posher than the queen", was popular with impersonators and added to his public image.

Other activities
Sewell was a museum adviser in South Africa, Germany and the United States. He provided voice-overs for a variety of television commercials including for the Victoria and Albert Museum and feta cheese. Sewell was also an aficionado of classic cars, a fan of stock car racing and over several decades wrote extensively about cars, classic and contemporary, in the Evening Standard and elsewhere. In both his TV series, on the pilgrimage to Santiago and the Grand Tour (see above), he drove his Mercedes-Benz 560 SEC coupé, that was previously owned by Formula One world champion Nigel Mansell. Sewell expressed a preference for driving his Mercedes barefoot.

Personal life
In a television programme broadcast on Channel 4 on 24 July 2007, marking the 40th anniversary of the passing of the Sexual Offences Act 1967 which partially decriminalised homosexuality in England and Wales, Sewell said, "I never came out... but I have slowly emerged". Sewell was described as bisexual but also described himself as gay, saying he knew he probably was homosexual at the age of six. Later, Sewell would state that he was more comfortable with the term queer than gay to describe himself, and expressed opposition to same-sex marriage.

He had chastised himself for his attraction to men, describing it as an "affliction" and a "disability" and told readers, "no homosexual has ever chosen this sexual compulsion". In the first episode of The Naked Pilgrim, Sewell alluded to the loss of his virginity at the hands of a 60-year-old French woman "who knew what she was doing and was determined"; Sewell was 20 at the time. In his autobiography, Sewell indicates that he lost his virginity at the age of 15 to a fellow pupil at Haberdashers' Aske's School. He claimed to have slept with over 1,000 men.

In 2011 Sewell exposed the identity of his father, as revealed by his mother on her deathbed. He also revealed that his stepfather Robert Sewell and his mother, Mary Jessica (née Perkins), a publican's daughter from Camden, had admitted that Robert was not his father when he was 11, although he had already known it to be the case (they did not marry until 1936).

Death and legacy
Sewell died of cancer on 19 September 2015 at the age of 84 at his home in London. The Sewell-Hohler Syndicate (named after Brian Sewell and E.C. Hohler) was launched at Sewell's alma mater, the Courtauld Institute of Art, on 19 September 2016, one year after his death. The society served to promote, in the spirit of Brian Sewell, interest in the arts and art criticism through conferences, interviews and debates. The Brian Sewell Archive is held at the Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art in London. It contains papers collected and created by Sewell over the course of his life which includes personal items such as correspondence, photographs, passports, and programmes for cultural events, as well as material relating to his work as an art historian, critic, journalist, author, collector, dealer and media figure. The collection reflects Sewell's diverse interests and includes material on the arts, and also to the other loves of his life: dogs, cars and travel.

title: Brian Sewell


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Neidhart von Reuental

Neidhart (Middle High German Nîthart) c. 1190 (later often called Neidhart von Reuental) was one of the most famous Minnesänger. With around 1500 documented strophes of his songs surviving, Neidhart has the largest corpus of surviving lyrics of any Minnesänger, suggesting the great popularity of the songs. In addition, and quite unlike any of his contemporaries, many melodies to his songs have been preserved: manuscripts have almost 70 melodies to 55 of his songs.

Neidhart's lyrics are highly innovative: into the courtly genre of Minnesang, he introduced peasant characters, who are often shown in conflict with the knightly class. Both classes are sometimes treated as objects of satire. His songs are traditionally divided into summer and winter songs (Sommerlieder, Winterlieder), each group opening with a piece of seasonal description of nature. But there are also songs which fall outside these categories and which in the past were often regarded as the work of later imitators.

Neidhart's works continued to enjoy great popularity long after his death. He was transformed into the legendary, peasant-hating "Neidhart Fuchs" in late 15th century comical stories (German Schwänke), and he also had a legacy in the visual arts, with woodcuts, frescos and carved reliefs portraying scenes from his songs.

Life
In spite of the enduring popularity of his songs, there are no documentary sources for Neidhart's life. While the songs seem to offer a great deal of biographical, geographical, and historical information, this material relates to a poetic persona — a biographical basis cannot be assumed.

The song collections consistently give his name as Nîthart or, in its later Early New High German form, Neidhart. While the songs mention a knight von Riuwental, the identification of the poet with this knight is not found until the 15th century, and then in texts geographically remote from Neidhart's sphere of activity in Bavaria and Austria. However, this identification of the poet as "Neidhart von Reuental" was adopted by Moriz Haupt in his first critical edition of the songs in 1858 and was widely taken up until recently.

Attempts to locate a geographically plausible Reuental have not succeeded, and the name has in any case an emblematic quality — it means literally "Vale of Regret" — which supports the conclusion that it is a fictional location appropriate for songs of the unsuccessful pursuit of love. Indeed, the name Neidhart might be a pen name, as it was also used as a general term for an envious person and as a name for the devil.

There are only the most approximate dates for Neidhart's life. He is mentioned in Wolfram von Eschenbach's Willehalm, which would indicate that he was active in the 1210s, and born, therefore, perhaps in the 1190s. He is mentioned as deceased by Wernher der Gartenaere in Meier Helmbrecht, (c. 1250). Neidhart names Frederick II, Duke of Austria as his patron — since Frederick died in 1246 and there is no lament for him in Neidhart's surviving songs, it is assumed that Neidhart must already have died by that date.

While there is no certainty that apparently biographical details in the songs are correct, the evidence suggests that Neidhart spent the early part of his career in Bavaria and, possibly as a result of loss of patronage or political events surrounding the murder of Ludwig I of Bavaria, moved in the 1230s to the court of Duke Frederick II in Vienna. The songs mention not only Bavaria and Austria, but many individual places, including Landshut (the seat of the Bavarian dukes), Vienna, and locations in the vicinity of Vienna, which indicate detailed local knowledge. His tomb, probably erected at the behest of Duke Rudolf IV of Austria (1339–1365), is preserved on the south side of St. Stephen's Cathedral.

The Songs
Neidhart's songs fall, both lyrically and musically, into two main categories, Summer Songs (Sommerlieder) and Winter Songs (Winterlieder). Although the terms themselves were first proposed in 1848 by Rochus von Liliencron, the distinction is already apparent in the way the songs are grouped in the 15th-century MS c., and the two types of song contrast both thematically and in structure.

Lyrics
In their lyrics, Neidhart's songs represent a break with the tradition of Minnesang. While his protagonist in the songs is a knight unable to attain the reward from his beloved that he believes he merits for his service to her — a standard Minnesang theme — instead of the court, the setting is that of the medieval village. The impoverished knight, often named as "von Riuewental", is enamored of a village maiden whose love he is unable to attain, but the reason is either the interference of the girl's mother or the competition from the upstart village males, who ape courtly dress and manners to impress the girl. The effect is essentially humorous, even satirical, contrasting court and village, and mocking both the courtly conventions and the social pretentions of the villagers.

Summer songs
The Summer Songs use a simple strophic form, the "dance strophe" (German Reienstrophe, from MHG reie, "circle dance", "carole") characterised by simple couplet and triple rhymes, e.g. AAABBB. Such forms are not common in Minnesang and are probably based on a native tradition of dance songs.

The Summer Songs all start with one or more strophes of natural description (German Natureingang) welcoming the coming of summer, sometimes contrasting it with the winter that has gone. A village girl is then introduced and she announces her intention to attend the country dance in amorous pursuit of the knight of her affections. This gives rise to a dialogue with her mother, who warns against seeking a partner of a higher station, or a girlfriend, who shares the girl's aims.

Winter songs
The Winter Songs use the three-part canzone form common in earlier Minnesang and generally have longer stanzas. The opening natural description is often a lament for the passing of summer. This is often followed by a lover's complaint about how the love of his "lady", herself in fact a village maiden, has been alienated by the pretentions of the villagers at the dance.

Music
Melodies to 57 of Neidhart's songs are preserved, with several recorded in more than one manuscript. This is more than survive for all the other 12th- and 13th-century Minnesänger combined, a clear indication of their popularity. There are five melodies in the Frankfurt Fragment (MS O) from c. 1300, but otherwise the bulk of the melodies are in 15th-century MSS, the largest collection being in MS c. While many scholars have regarded the songs in MS c as being by Neidhart's imitators (and therefore reduce the number of "authentic" melodies to 17), musicologists have found no basis for differentiating between "authentic" and "inauthentic" songs. The melodic similarities between songs in MS O and their equivalents in MS c, roughly 160 years later, suggest that 15th-century melodies cannot simply be dismissed as later compositions.

All the songs are monodic and the notation rarely indicates rhythm. However, many of Neidhart's lyrics describe dances or call on listeners to dance, and the melodies show features associated with dance songs. These include limited vocal range (an octave or a ninth), rapid movement between high and low notes, and a syllabic structure (i.e. one note per syllable). Hatto and Taylor note a contrast between the Summer and Winter songs, the former being more "exuberant and carefree" in their melodies. Lewon remarks that the melodies in the Frankfurt manuscript demand considerable virtuosity from the singer.

The main modes are the Dorian mode and the major mode.

The Manuscript tradition
The earliest recorded lyric of Neidhart's is a single strophe "Nu gruonet aber diu heide" (R 12),in the Carmina Burana manuscript, c. 1230. But the main manuscripts are:
 * R — Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, mgf. 1062 (also called the "Riedegg MS", from its previous location in Schloss Riedegg in Upper Austria). Compiled in the late 13th century, probably in Lower Austria, it contains 58 song texts (383 strophes).
 * C — Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg cpg 848 (Manesse Codex) contains 209 strophes under Neidhart's name and, under various names, a further 48 which are attributed to Neidhart in other sources. It was probably compiled in Zürich in the first half of the 14th century. It contains a full-page illustration of Neidhart surrounded by peasants.
 * c — Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, mgf 779 (also called the "Ried MS" after an 18th-century owner), compiled probably in Nürnberg in the second half of the 15th century. It is the largest Neidhart collection, containing 131 songs (1098 strophes), along with 45 melodies (and space left for others), and is the largest single-author collection for any Minnesänger. In contrast to earlier manuscripts, each song here has a heading (a title or a genre description). Uniquely, the songs are grouped into Summer and Winter Songs.

All but a handful of Neidhart's songs are found in one or more of these three manuscripts. In addition, there are a further 28 manuscripts and fragments with song lyrics, including both the Kleine Heidelberger Liederhandschrift (Minnesang MS A, 14 songs) and the Weingarten MS (Minnesang MS B, 13 songs).

Reception
Neidhart's songs had a significant influence on later Minnesang. In particular the simple rhyming scheme of the Reienstrophe and the motif of the dialogue between two villagers (dörper), mother and daughter or two girlfriends, are taken up by later Minnesänger.

The conflict between court and village found in Neidhart's comic tales (Schwänke) finds its way into narrative verse works, as in, for example, Wernher der Gartenære's Meier Helmbrecht.

Neidhartspiele
In the 14th and 15th centuries the comic tales, particularly "The Tale of the Violet" (Veilchenschwank), formed the basis of five plays (Neidhartspiele). The earliest known performance of such a play is recorded in Arnhem on 23 February 1395 with a cast of apprentices.

Neithart Fuchs
The Neidhart persona of the songs was taken up by later generations and perpetuated as the figure of Neithart Fuchs (Fuchs= "fox"), the fictional knightly hero of a comic tale surviving in three printed editions, 1491–1566. The tale begins with the Veilchenschwank ("The Tale of the Violet"), after which the hero repeatedly bests the peasants with pranks and combat.

Frescoes
In about 1407, Viennese cloth merchant Michel Menschein commissioned a series of four murals for his private dance-hall based on songs by Neidhart. Each fresco depicts scenes from one of the four seasons of the year. The frescoes are remarkable as one of the few surviving works of the kind on a secular subject from so early a date. They were discovered during redevelopment in 1979 and are exhibited in situ by the City of Vienna Museum, which undertook an extensive restoration.

Editions

 * (21 songs with German translation and commentary.)
 * (Salzburger Neidhart-Edition)
 * (21 songs with German translation and commentary.)
 * (Salzburger Neidhart-Edition)
 * (21 songs with German translation and commentary.)
 * (Salzburger Neidhart-Edition)

English

 * (Nine songs with notes in English.)
 * With English translation and commentary.
 * With English translation and commentary.

Texts
The first strophe of a Summer and a Winter Song.

Sommerlied

Rhyme scheme: AABBB

Winterlied

Rhyme scheme: AABBC DDEEC FGGF

Recordings
Among the many recordings of Neidhart's songs, the following have his work as their main focus:

Manuscripts

 * M: München, Staatsbibliothek, Clm 4660, fol 68r (Carmina Burana) Description — Digital facsimile (Bavarian State Library, Munich).
 * R: Berlin, Staatsbibliothek, mgf 1062 (Riedegg MS) Description — Digital facsimile (Berlin State Library).
 * C: Große Heidelberger Liederhandschrift (Manesse Codex): Description — Digital facsimile (Heidelberg University Library).
 * c: Berlin, Staatsbibliothek, mgf 779 (Ried MS) Description — Digital facsimile (Berlin State Library).

title: Neidhart von Reuental


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Spin-Off (American game show)

Spin-Off is an American game show created and produced by Nick Nicholson and E. Roger Muir for CBS in 1975 that was based on the dice game Yahtzee. The series was hosted by Jim Lange and announced by Johnny Jacobs. The show replaced The Joker's Wild on CBS' daytime schedule and debuted on June 16, 1975, but was cancelled after 12 weeks on September 5, 1975. Spin-Off originated in Studios 31, 33 and 41 at Television City Studios in Hollywood, California.

The theme song was remixed in another Nicholson-Muir game show Super Pay Cards.

Gameplay
Two couples, one pair being the returning champions, competed. Behind each couple was a set of five "spinners" — rapidly changing eggcrate displays that flashed numbers from 1 to 6 at the rate of 17 digits per second. The couples competed for control of the spinners in order to build the best possible hand of five numbers, similar to the dice game Yahtzee.

The host asked a toss-up question open to all four players. A correct buzz-in answer by a couple awarded them control of their spinners, while a miss gave control to the opponents. The couple in control pressed one button to start their spinners, then stopped one at a time by pressing a separate button for that spinner. The couple could either keep the hand they had spun or try to win control on a new toss-up. If they succeeded, they could re-spin some or all of the previous digits in the hope of improving their hand.

After one couple either took a total of three spins or chose to keep their hand, the opponents were given one more spin to form a better hand. The couple with the higher hand won money as shown below.

If both couples formed hands of equal ranks, the one using higher numbers won, similar to poker. For example, 5-5-5-4-3 (three 5's) would beat 3-3-3-2-1 (three 3's). Straights had to contain five consecutive numbers in any order.

The first couple to amass at least $250 (later $200 ) won the championship and advanced to the Super Spin-Off bonus round. Both couples kept their money. Champions remained on the show until they were defeated or reached $25,000 in total winnings.

Super Spin-Off
In the Super Spin-Off, the champions could win up to $10,000 more by building the best hand possible. They operated one spinner at a time, with a maximum of three spins per digit. Once they either used all three spins or chose to move on, the displayed digit was automatically added to their hand.

In order to win the top prize, the couple had to spin a five-number straight with all the numbers reading in either ascending or descending order from left to right. No money was awarded for straights with the numbers in any other order during the Super Spin-Off.

title: Spin-Off (American game show)


text: File:Complete b sides.jpg

title: File:Complete b sides.jpg


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Johan Palmstruch

Johan Palmstruch (June 13, 1611 – March 8, 1671) was a Latvian-born German/Dutch/Swedish entrepreneur, financier, and financial innovator. He is credited with the introduction of paper money to Europe.

Biography
Johan (Hans) Wittmacher was born in Riga where his father Reinholt was a  merchant. His ancestor probably came from the county of Holstein. Around 1634, he moved to Amsterdam. Johan married Margrieta van der Bosch (1617-1677) in February 1644. In the same year a daughter was baptized in Oude Kerk, Amsterdam.

He became a commissioner in the National Board of Trade after his arrival in Sweden in 1647. He began submitting proposals for banking institutions to King Charles X Gustav after 1654. The first two such proposals were rejected but the third, which promised half the bank's profits to the crown, was accepted. He was made a Swedish nobleman under the surname Palmstruch and become a commissioner at the National College of Commerce.

Stockholms Banco was thus founded in Stockholm during 1657 with Palmstruch appointed as bank director and general manager. The bank itself was nothing new as it was simply an imitation of the successful public deposit banks of Amsterdam and Hamburg, however Palmstruch himself added two important innovations.

The first of these was to use money deposited into accounts at the bank to finance loans, however this soon became a problem as the deposits were usually short-term and the loans long-term, meaning that deposited money was unavailable to be withdrawn by account holders.

Palmstruch's second innovation, and his solution to this problem, was the introduction in 1661 of credit paper (Kreditivsedlar), the first European banknotes, which would be exchangeable at any time for the gold and silver coins they were replacing. These were very successful, but the bank began lending more than it could afford and printed too many banknotes without the necessary collateral, leading to the bank's collapse in 1668. This led to the founding of the Sveriges Riksbank.

Palmstruch was charged with irresponsible book-keeping and with not having the cash to repay these credit notes due to miscalculation and omissions in his book-keeping. He was unable to make up this shortage and in 1668 was sentenced to loss of his title, loss of his banking privilege, and eternal exile or death. The government reprieved the death penalty and Palmstruch was instead imprisoned. He remained in prison until 1670 and died the following year at the age of 60.

title: Johan Palmstruch


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Palmstruch

Palmstruch is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Johan Palmstruch (1611–1671), entrepreneur, financier and financial innovator
 * Johan Wilhelm Palmstruch (1770–1811), Swedish botanist

title: Palmstruch


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Stockholms Banco

Stockholms Banco (also known as the Palmstruch's Bank, Palmstruchska banken) was the first European bank to print banknotes. It was founded in 1657 by Johan Palmstruch in Stockholm, began printing banknotes in 1661, but ran into financial difficulties and was liquidated in 1667. Stockholms Banco was the immediate precursor to the central bank of Sweden, founded in 1668 as Riksens Ständers Bank and renamed in 1866 as Sveriges Riksbank, which is the world's oldest surviving central bank.

The founding of Stockholms Banco
Johan Palmstruch had made two failed proposals for the creation of a banking institution in the 1650s before his third proposal, with the addition of a promise to pay half of the bank's profits to the crown, was accepted. King Charles X Gustav thus signed two charters on November 30, 1656 to create an exchange bank and a loans bank. The first of these (which opened in July 1657) took deposits for a fee (and accruing no interest) with the account owner later able to withdraw the money as cash or to write cheques. The second (which opened at the beginning of 1659) provided loans, financed by the bank owners and secured against property. These two departments were combined into Stockholms Banko with Palmstruch as general manager.

The bank itself was no great innovation, as it was a botched imitation of the large and successful banks in Amsterdam and Hamburg that had been founded earlier in the 17th century, but it was hoped that the bank would help to stabilise Sweden's currency. Sweden at that time did not have a single currency, rather there was one daler minted in copper (kopparmynt) and another minted in silver (silvermynt). As the metal content of a copper daler had to be worth as much as that of a silver one, this meant that copper daler were large and heavy plate-sized coins. In practice, however, the silver daler was worth more and these were often hoarded, so generally only these large kopparmynt daler were commonly available.

Palmstruch's first major innovation in combining these two banks was to use the money deposited by account holders to finance the loans rather than requiring capital to be provided by himself or the other bank owners. This soon became a problem, however, as deposits were usually short-term and the loans long-term, meaning that deposited money was unavailable to be withdrawn by account holders. This problem was rendered more acute when the copper content of the coins was lowered 17% in 1660 as account holders demanded the return of the copper daler they had deposited since they were now worth more as metal than as coins. It was impossible for the bank to fulfil these requests as the money had been paid out as loans.

Kreditivsedlar – Europe's first modern banknotes
Palmstruch's second major innovation was the introduction of paper banknotes as a solution to the bank's problems balancing deposits and loans. To cover the amounts requested by the account holders, in 1661 he began to make out credit notes (Kreditivsedlar) in round denominations which were freely transferable and backed by the promise of future payment in metal. These were the first European banknotes.

These banknotes became very popular very quickly simply because they were much easier to carry than the large copper daler, especially for making large payments (a note could be sent in an envelope – previously the large coins had to be transported by horse and cart). A further reason was that when the amount of copper in the coins was reduced the old coins were taken out of circulation faster than new ones could be minted, meaning that there was a shortage of money which could only be solved by replacing the coins with banknotes.

The first banknotes, issued in 1661, were all signed by Palmstruch himself as well as by the other clerks of the bank. These were issued in denominations of 5, 25, 100 and 1000 copper daler (kopparmynt).

A second series of these banknotes, known as Palmstruchare, was issued in 1666 in denominations of 10, 25, 50 and 100 silver daler (silvermynt).

Failure and legacy
The invention of banknotes by Palmstruch eventually caused more problems than it solved. The bank was able to print banknotes on a seemingly unlimited scale and as lending rose rapidly in 1663, the bank's loans ceased to be dependent on the deposits of other account holders. By autumn of that year loans and note issues had reached such levels that the value of the banknotes began to fall.

When people returned to the bank to have their credit notes honoured, the bank did not have enough metal reserved to fulfil all these requests and from October onwards the bank was increasingly obliged to refuse, with operations ceasing entirely in 1664. The government and Riksdag (Swedish Parliament) were forced to take over, reducing the outstanding loans and exchanging the notes for coins. The liquidation of the bank was completed in 1667 and Palmstruch was imprisoned, blamed with the bank's losses.

On September 17, 1668, Palmstruch's privilege to operate a bank was transferred to the Riksens Ständers Bank, operated by the parliament. Due to the failure of Stockholms Banco, this new bank was not permitted to issue banknotes until the 18th century. The Riksens Ständers Bank was later renamed Sveriges Riksbank and remains the central bank of Sweden to this day.

title: Stockholms Banco


text:
Template:Cleanup user

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title: Template:Cleanup user


text: User talk:210.0.201.213

title: User talk:210.0.201.213


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North Sydney, Nova Scotia

North Sydney (Mi'kmawi'simk: Kweso'mkiaq, Scottish Gaelic: Suidni A Tuath or Am Bàr ) is a former town and current community in Nova Scotia's Cape Breton Regional Municipality.

Located on the north side of Sydney Harbour, along the eastern coast of Cape Breton Island, North Sydney is an important port in Atlantic Canada, serving as the western terminus of the Marine Atlantic ferry service. It acts as the marine link for the Trans-Canada Highway to Newfoundland and is often termed "The Gateway To Newfoundland" for that reason.

Marine Atlantic ferries currently operate from North Sydney's terminal to the ports of Channel-Port aux Basques and Argentia. The Crown Corporation is one of the largest employers in the area.

History
North Sydney was settled around 1785 by European and Loyalist settlers. The original Mi'kmaq name for the area, Kweso'mkiaq, means "sandy point."

It emerged as a major shipbuilding centre in the early 19th century, building many brigs and brigantines for the English market, later moving on to larger barques, and in 1851 to the full-rigged Lord Clarendon, the largest wooden ship ever built in Cape Breton. Wooden shipbuilding declined in the 1860s, but the same decade saw the arrival of increasing numbers of steamships, drawn to North Sydney for bunker coal. By 1870 it was the fourth largest port in Canada dealing in ocean-going vessels, in part because the Western Union cable office had been established here in 1875. The community was incorporated on 24 April 1885 as a town within Cape Breton County. The railway came to Cape Breton Island in 1891. At this time there were 2,513 people in North Sydney, as compared to 2,417 in Sydney.

In 1898 North Sydney was chosen by the Reid-Newfoundland Company as the Canadian mainland terminal for a ferry service to Newfoundland; in June of that year the SS Bruce sailed from Port Aux Basques as the first ship to make that run.

World wars
During the First and Second World Wars, North Sydney played an important role in the relay of information from Europe to both Ottawa and Washington, D.C. Its Western Union Cable office was where coded messages arrived from overseas, and were then relayed on to the rest of North America.

On the morning of November 10, 1918, the office received a top-secret coded message from Europe stating that effective at 11 am on the next day (November 11, 1918), all fighting would cease on land, sea and in the air. This meant that the people of North Sydney, in particular Mrs. Annie Butler Smith, were the first to know of the end of the Great War. It is reported that on the night on November 10, 1918, over 200 servicemen marched through the streets of the town to celebrate the end of the war, one day before the rest of the world knew.

United States Navy
During the Great War, the United States Navy operated an air base in North Sydney. The base was primarily used as a landing/launching area for seaplanes. Known as NAS North Sydney the base was originally located at Indian Beach while more permanent facilities were built at nearby Kelly's Beach (now called Munro Park). The base was given the Naval postal address of "139 FPO New York" and the signal code "ALML". In command was Lt. Robert Donahue of the U.S. Coast Guard who operated under the direction of U.S. Navy Lt. Richard E. Byrd who was based in Halifax. The Kelly's Beach base closed in early 1919 but was reactivated by the Royal Canadian Air Force during World War II.

German U Boats
During the Second World War, on the night of October 13, 1942, the SS Caribou (a passenger ferry) left North Sydney harbour for Port aux Basques with 237 on board. At 3:40 am on the morning of October 14, the Caribou was hit by a single torpedo on her starboard side; 136 people perished.

Filmography
Although North Sydney does not have a very developed arts community, it has served as the backdrop for at least five movies.

In 1995, scenes for Margaret's Museum were filmed in the town. Most were shot on King Street, where a house was used as a mine manager's house. In 1999, two films were shot in North Sydney. First, was New Waterford Girl. Downtown North Sydney was used to represent downtown New Waterford in the 1970s.

The other film from this year was a CBC made-for-TV movie named Win Again, starring Gordon Pinsent. This time, North Sydney posed as a small town in Newfoundland. The closing scene of the movie has a nice shot of the whole town, taken from a large crane from the downtown area.

Northside General Hospital
Northside General Hospital, in North Sydney, is the only public hospital to cover health care on the entire north side area of Cape Breton. It has five floors, not including the ground floor. The hospital does not perform any major surgery. Although it does have an emergency room, this has scheduled closures, during which residents must go to the Cape Breton Regional Hospital in Sydney. The Harbourview Veterans Hospital located in nearby Sydney Mines is a continuing-care rehabilitation facility. It has a ward for physio and hearing and speech, but no outpatients or emergency wards.

Schools
There is one elementary school: Ferrisview Elementary. There was a complex of Saint Joseph's Elementary and Saint Mary's Elementary, but this complex was demolished in March 2008 to make way for a new multimillion-dollar school, Ferrisview Elementary. Seton Elementary was shut down in 2019 and given to the local food bank. Thompson Middle School was the only middle school in North Sydney before its demolition in 2018, after the school's closing, students started attending Sydney Mines Middle School. There is no high school in North Sydney and as a result, all students attend Memorial Composite High School, in the neighbouring town of Sydney Mines, which is the only high school for the entire Northside area.

Cape Breton County Farmers
North Sydney is home to the Cape Breton County Farmer's Exhibition. Held every August by the Cape Breton Federation of Agriculture, it is possibly the largest tourist attraction in the town. People from all over Industrial Cape Breton attend the event, and exhibitors come from all over the Atlantic Provinces. The main attraction is the agricultural and cultural displays. The Exhibition also includes a circus midway and horse riding presentations such as barrel racing, skills competitions, and draft horse competitions as well as two competitions that have made a comeback after many years of not being featured, the oxen pull revived in 2012 and the cattle (beef and dairy) being revived in 2011.

Started in 1916, the exhibition was originally based in Sydney and a few years later relocated to its present location at the top of Regent Street.

Notable people

 * Paul Andrea, retired NHL hockey player
 * Norm Batherson, retired hockey player
 * Flash Hollett, retired NHL hockey player
 * Flora MacDonald, former federal cabinet minister
 * Arthur B. McDonald, Nobel laureate in the field of physics
 * Cat Power (aka Haley Rogers), professional wrestler
 * Harold Russell, Academy Award–winning actor
 * Bobby Smith, retired NHL hockey player
 * Clifford Shaw Thompson, 15th Canadian Surgeon General

Notable connections

 * Academy Award winning actors and siblings Warren Beatty and Shirley MacLaine were born to drama teacher Kathlyn Corinne who was born in North Sydney.

title: North Sydney, Nova Scotia


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ginsu

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was merge and redirect. ugen 64 20:35, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Ginsu
Advert. As it says its "from the Press Release." Delete. Mwanner 17:17, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC). (note: copyvio version deleted.--Duk 06:39, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC))
 * I've tagged and bagged it as a copyvio. Delete one way or another.  Notable subject, though. - Lucky 6.9 18:17, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and make encyclopedic. Ginsu Knives are notable. Klonimus 18:41, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Yeah, what Klonimus said. They slice! They dice! They even julienne! FreplySpang (talk) 19:47, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC) I agree that the copyvio should be dealt with. But you can't fry a copyvio on a diamond ring! Oops, wrong infomercial. FreplySpang (talk) 20:22, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment Watch as these amazing knives cut through an aluminum soda can !!! Klonimus 00:55, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Agreed, but this has to be deleted first to get it out of the edit history. I may tackle this one myself at the temp page but if someone else gets the urge, dig in.  NOW how much would you pay? - Lucky 6.9 19:48, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment An incredible bargain for only four easy payments of 19.95!!! Operators are standing by! Klonimus 00:55, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete copyvio, but keep any redlinks. Chris talk back 22:08, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep but rewrite as needed. BTW if it is indeed copied from a press release, to my knowledge that does not constitute a copyvio as such material is intended (in theory) to be reprinted verbatim pretty much anywhere. If it comes from an actual copyrighted source, then that's a different matter.23skidoo 22:16, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Don't answer, because if you call in the next ten minutes, we'll throw in the amazing Ronco Yak Milker absolutely free! I sense a BJAODN coming on... - Lucky 6.9 00:59, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Why don't you tell the VfD audience more about your amazing new invention Klonimus 04:20, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Indeed! You'll wonder how you ever lived without it!  Yes, it's a new article at Ginsu/Temp.  AMAZING LOW PRICE! - Lucky 6.9 04:23, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * It's the Quick & Easy way to eliminate copyright violations! Full GFDL warranty included.  Tell me: Is it available in the shops, or can our audience get it by using the number hyperlink on their screens?  (Don't forget to fix the redlink at infomercial.)  What's that number, again? Uncle G 17:44, 2005 Apr 13 (UTC)
 * Delete, copyright violation, advert. Megan1967 07:28, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment (if you can call it that): That number again is "Delete, copyright violation, advert."  Call now for this amazing television offer!  If you're not satisfied, return the delete for a full refund but keep the Ronco Yak Milker as our gift! (Love ya, Meg.  Really.  I genuinely respect your voting record.) - Lucky 6.9 20:57, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete the copyvio. Keep the nice new article at Ginsu/Temp. Dpbsmith (talk) 01:14, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete the copyvio. Merge Ginsu/Temp with Ginsu knife. Zzyzx11 | Talk 23:45, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ginsu


text:
Daris Swindler

Daris Ray Swindler (August 13, 1925 – December 6, 2007) was an American anthropologist.

Biography
Born in Morgantown, West Virginia, Swindler later served in the U.S. Navy in World War II, working on tankers in the North Atlantic and Pacific oceans. He went on to study anthropology at West Virginia University and the University of Pennsylvania. A long-time professor at the University of Washington, Dr Swindler also taught human anatomy at Cornell University Medical College (now known as Weill Medical College of Cornell University), at the University of South Carolina and Michigan State University.

Swindler assisted police in many criminal cases, notably the searches for serial killers Gary Ridgway (a.k.a. the Green River Killer) and Ted Bundy.

Swindler was generally acknowledged as a leading primate expert, having specialized in the study of fossilized teeth; his book An Atlas of Primate Gross Anatomy is a standard work in the field. According to Stein, His collection of primate tooth castings has been donated to New York University and is being digitally recorded in 3D for web use giving students all over the world access to the collection.

Swindler published several books. He traveled the world from an archaeological dig in the Valley of the Kings to Easter Island. Just prior to Swindler's death in December 2007 the University of Washington established a graduate fellowship in his name.

Cold case investigations of Swindler's archives
A number of cold case investigations are under review after a search of Swindler's archives revealed eight sets of skeletal human remains. Samples were collected for DNA profiling by Dr. Katherine Taylor, who is with the King County, Washington Medical Examiner Office and also is a UW forensic anthropologist faculty affiliate, and sent as forensic evidence with the remains to law enforcement agencies in Washington state and Michigan.

In 2008, police in Yakima, Washington looking for the skull of a 1977 crime victim led them to a search of Swindler's archives. Among remains found in Swindler's archives was the partial skull of a child mailed in a box labeled "Books" from Bay Center in Pacific County, Washington to the UW Department of Anthropology in 1980. It was found to not be the Yakima case victim's skull, so was turned over to Grays Harbor County investigating yet another case of 1974 of a missing 5-year-old boy. Another skull was found in a box containing a letter from 1981 identifying it as having come from the Bellingham, Washington area, and was turned over to the Bellingham Police Department. A third group of bones contained a tag from 1958 that is possibly from a police department in Michigan. In all, eight sets of human skeletal remains were found in the archive:

 * 1) Partial skull, child from Bay Center;
 * 2) Skull, young to middle-aged adult female of mixed African-American and Caucasian ancestry;
 * 3) Skull missing lower jaw, 45- to 55-year-old white male. Bullet hole.  Dental work just after World War II.  Possibly connected to discovery on April 27, 1981, estimated to have died 10 to 30 years before found and likely sent to the UW by Bellingham police in 1981;
 * 4) A skull, without a lower jaw, of an adult with trauma to the skull;
 * 5) An adult lower jaw with dental work;
 * 6) Dental remains of a burn victim;
 * 7) Arm and leg bones from an adult, possibly related to a 1958 case from Michigan;
 * 8) Leg and pelvic bones of a young woman.

Bigfoot research
Though a longtime skeptic of Bigfoot (the giant, bipedal ape-like creature said to live in North America's Pacific Coast), Swindler was one of the few experts willing to examine evidence cited in support of the creature's existence. As quoted by Stein, Swindler's opinion regarding Bigfoot changed after the discovery of the so-called Skookum Body Cast (an impression left in a mud pit by a purported Bigfoot). After making a detailed examination of the cast, Swindler stated, "Whatever made this was very well adapted to walking on two feet ... It's not conclusive, but it's consistent with what you'd expect to see if a giant biped sat down in the mud."

title: Daris Swindler


text:
Talk:Willis Carrier

The following text deleted

 * He is considered to be at least partially responsible for the economic boom of the American Southwest as his invention meant that people were able to move into areas previously considered uninhabitable in the summer months.

Because:
 * This is just a vague claim with no substantiation.
 * It implies a racial bias because we all know now that the real inventor was Frederick McKinley Jones a black man, but like almost everything in the USA it was an invention claimed by a white man. Wat? Frederick McKinley Jones invented refrigeration you racist

 * You can't be serious. Racial bias????? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 50.32.34.88 (talk) 16:19, 12 March 2012 (UTC)

shayla tincher — Preceding unsigned comment added by 168.216.26.206 (talk) 18:02, 15 October 2012 (UTC)

History
In his time, Willis was the young engineer who ws called upon by the government to provide cooling to the White House when President Garfield was shot and had a bullet lodged inside mortally for weeks before he would pass away. At the same time, Alexander Graham Bell, inventor of the telephone, was also asked to tried to help find the bullet with an induction-balance electrical device which he had designed. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.196.138.75 (talk • contribs) 03:10, 23 April 2006

Early life and education
Notice another thing in this article. The section that says 'early life and education' has almost nothing on Carrier himself, only his parents and ancestors. This really needs cleanup. TrekkieSpeller (talk) 17:11, 28 April 2014 (UTC)

12:28, 28 May 2015 (UTC) I agree. in addition, from his mother's biography, it doesn't seem he was jewish (as written above), was he or was he not?? (yishay121 5/2015)

I would say the whole article says little about Carrier the man. It seems to say more about Carrier the corporation. In its present form, it could quite easily be merged with the article on Carrier Corporation, as it actually adds some facts about Carrier Corp. that are not in the Carrier Corp article (e.g. financial difficulties and merger after the Wall Street Crash).

Marchino61 (talk) 23:05, 15 October 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Willis Carrier


text:
File:Lurking Horror box art.jpg

The Lurking Horror box art. Source: http://gallery.guetech.org, used with permission.

title: File:Lurking Horror box art.jpg


text:
Talk:Simon Hollingsworth

Untitled
pure hoax

 * Why? Lupo 13:12, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * What is currently here appears entirely true... at least, it checks with what is said in the sources listed... --Jonathan Christensen 13:16, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Yup. The above hoax comment applied to a previous article Simon hollingsworth (which indeed originally had been a hoax) created by the same IP (134.226.1.136 before this article was created after the hoax article had been deleted. Oh well. Lupo 13:36, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one article was rated and this bot brought all the other ratings up to at least that level. BetacommandBot 04:28, 28 August 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20050716120430/http://www.athletics.org.au/history/athletes/athlete677.htm to http://www.athletics.org.au/history/athletes/athlete677.htm

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title: Talk:Simon Hollingsworth


text:
User talk:Viccism

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! — Instantnood 17:21, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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 * How to write a great article
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HKWNB, HKCOTW, Current events
Hi. I noticed you have edited some Hong Kong-related articles. You might be interested to take a look at HK wikipedians' notice board, HK Collaboration of the Week and Current events in Hong Kong and Macao. Happy editing! — Instantnood 17:21, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Viccism


text:
User talk:Leafwood

Welcome to the Wikipedia
I noticed you were new, and wanted to share some links I thought useful:

 * Tutorial
 * Help desk
 * Foundation issues
 * Policy Library

For more information click  here . You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

Sam Spade Apply now, exciting opportunities available at Spade & Archer! 17:22, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Leafwood


text:
Talk:Thomas Burnett Swann

Untitled
It is written here that he died of cancer. I certainly remember seeing it somewhere on the Web that he perished in a car accident, I think on his old employer's website, a university in Florida. I tried Googling for it, but didn't come up with a whole lot. Peter1968 17:22, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * All of the biographical information I've seen says that Swann died of cancer. I've certainly never heard anything about a car crash. I suppose it's conceivable that illness could make someone pass out at the wheel, but then the cause wouldn't be given as cancer. Lee M 22:34, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Nonfiction
His non-fiction work should be given more attention, I think, otherwise we get a view of only half the man. He was also a film historian. Although that aspect was a minor one, it did result in one publication (The Heroine or the Horse: Leading Ladies in Republic's Films, 1976). I am personally unfamiliar with his literary criticism, but if no one else gets around to adding this part of his life to this entry, at some later date I will do so. Glacierman 19:04, 22 December 2006 (UTC)

 * I looked into this, somewhat, and was able to find a few sources. Here's a list of his works, nonfiction and poetry included. His nonfiction works seem to be:
 * - Wonder and Whimsy (1960)
 * - Ernest Dowson (1964)
 * - A. A. Milne (1971)
 * - The Heroine or the Horse (1977)
 * TypistMonkey (talk) 14:40, 21 September 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Thomas Burnett Swann


text: User talk:147.8.70.61

title: User talk:147.8.70.61


text:
Give-n-Take

Give-n-Take is an American television game show which ran on CBS from September 8 to November 28, 1975. Jim Lange hosted, with Johnny Jacobs announcing. The series, which replaced Spin-Off (also hosted by Lange and announced by Jacobs), ended after 60 episodes.

Gameplay
Four female contestants competed to accumulate prizes with a total value as close to $5,000 as possible without going over. The returning champion and three challengers each sat in one portion of an eight-spaced board, shaped like a daisy, with a neutral "advantage space" separating each contestant from her neighbors to either side. Values of individual prizes were not revealed at any time during the game.

Each contestant was spotted one prize to start the game. A prize was then described to the contestants, and Lange asked a toss-up question. The contestant who buzzed in and gave the correct answer took control of all four advantage spaces for that turn in addition to her own, giving her a total of five spaces. Each of the other three contestants controlled only the space in which she sat. The contestant in control pressed her buzzer to stop a large spinning arrow at the center of the board. The contestant on whose space the arrow stopped won control of the prize and could choose to either add it to her bank, pass it to an opponent, or add it to her bank and pass a different prize.

After a prize was assigned, a bell or buzzer sounded to indicate whether or not that contestant's bank value was over $5,000, respectively. The actual value of the bank was never revealed; only whether or not it was below the $5,000 target. Play then repeated in the same manner, with a new prize described.

A contestant could freeze after any turn if she thought she was close to $5,000, and any contestant whose bank exceeded this total was automatically frozen. A frozen contestant was still eligible to answer toss-ups, but could not have any prizes passed to her. If the arrow stopped on her during a spin, the prize at stake for that turn was carried over to the bonus round and she had to pass one of her own prizes in order to reduce her bank. Once her bank total fell below $5,000, the freeze was lifted.

After seven spins, the bank totals were announced and the contestant closest to $5,000 without going over won the game and the championship, kept her banked prizes, and advanced to the bonus round. If three of the four contestants became frozen, the unfrozen one automatically won the game. Defeated contestants received parting gifts.

Bonus round
The champion selected one of the four contestants' seats and had one chance to stop the arrow on it. Doing so awarded all prizes described in that day's main game, in addition to everything she had already won.

Champions stayed on the show for a maximum of five days, or until they reached the $25,000 winnings limit that was in effect for CBS game shows at the time.

Broadcast history
Give-n-Take debuted on September 8, 1975, at 10:00 am Eastern (9:00 am Central/Mountain/Pacific), replacing the Nicholson-Muir series Spin-Off and facing NBC's popular Celebrity Sweepstakes (ABC did not program at 10:00 and had returned the 10:30 slot to its affiliates in 1969).

The series moved to 4:00 pm (3:00 Central) on November 3, replacing Musical Chairs, where it struggled in the ratings for its last four weeks against the ailing soap Somerset on NBC and the short-lived revival of You Don't Say! on ABC. Give-n-Take was replaced by Tattletales on December 1 in a scheduling shuffle.

title: Give-n-Take


text:
Red Light District (disambiguation)

A red-light district is a neighborhood where prostitution is common.

Red Light District may refer to:
 * The Red Light District, the title of the 2004 album by rapper Ludacris
 * The Red Light District (theatre company), a Toronto, Ontario-based theatre collective
 * Red Light District Video, a pornography studio based in Los Angeles, California
 * Red-Light District, Montreal
 * "Red Light District", A Lost 2015 Extended Play by rapper XXXTentacion

title: Red Light District (disambiguation)


text:
A. Jean de Grandpré

Albert Jean de Grandpré (14 September 1921 – 31 July 2022) was a Canadian lawyer and businessman who served as the president and chief executive officer of Bell Canada Enterprises Inc.

Life and career
Born in Montreal, Quebec, he was educated at Collège Jean-de-Brébeuf and received a BCL from McGill University in 1943. He joined Bell Canada as a general counsel in 1966 and was made president in 1973. He became chairman and CEO in 1976 and was the first chairman and CEO when the BCE holding company was created in 1983. He retired from the company in 1989.

From 1984 until 1991, he was the fifteenth Chancellor of McGill University. Since 1996, he has been chairman of the board of Theratechnologies, a Canadian biopharmaceutical company.

Grandpré turned 100 in September 2021, and died on 31 July 2022.

Honours and awards
In 1981, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada. He was promoted to Companion in 1987.

Grandpré has received honorary doctorates from the University of Quebec (1979), McGill University (1981), Université de Montréal (1989), the University of Ottawa (1982), and Bishop's University (1983).

title: A. Jean de Grandpré


text:
Frontiers (magazine)

Frontiers was Southern California's oldest and largest lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT) magazine. Founded in 1981, it was distributed freely at gay bars, clubs and businesses throughout Southern California. The biweekly publication focused on local, national and international news related to the LGBT community, entertainment, as well as coverage of HIV/AIDS-related topics and other important issues, in addition to its popular escort listings section, Frontiers4Men. As of February 2014, it had a staff of 19 and claimed a readership of 270,000.

The publication documented and reported on news events including coming out stories of proximally close celebrities and is archived in many LGBT collections including National Transgender Library collection.

The paper was purchased in 2007 by Mark Hundahl and David Stern. Hundahl died in December 2012. The publication filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in March 2013. At the time it reported circulation of 30,000 copies on a semi-monthly basis. In February 2014, businessman Michael Turner bought the paper and announced plans to expand its readership base, and to make efforts to attract larger local and national advertisers in lieu of the classified ads and advertising focused on escort services and similar sexual content. The magazine began to be published on a weekly basis.

On September 23, 2016, Frontier 's parent, Multimedia Platforms Worldwide, suspended operations due to financial difficulties, effectively shutting Frontiers down.

title: Frontiers (magazine)


text: Talk:Frontiers (magazine)

title: Talk:Frontiers (magazine)


text:
Template:Declaration of financial interests of the 6th term

Declaration (PDF) of financial interests This template is used to cite a declaration of financial interests of the 6th term.


text:
Velcra

Velcra was a Finnish rock band, established 2000. Their music features female vocals (both clean and distorted) on a background of heavily distorted guitars and marching beats with heavy use of sample loops.

History
They soon signed to Virgin Records to release an album. In 2002, Velcra released their debut CD, Consequences of Disobedience. The singles "Can't Stop Fighting" and "My Law" helped the band rise to No. 5 on the Finnish charts. Velcra also released the singles, "Big Brother" and "Test Animals". In 2005, the band released their second album, Between Force and Fate, and the single "Our Will Against Their Will" hit No. 3 on the Finnish chart. Since then, the band has made two more music videos, one for "Memory Loss" and one for "The Bong Song". For Between Force and Fate, the band dropped the catchy pop choruses from their music presented in their debut Consequences of Disobedience. This gives the album a much heavier sound, which is evident in songs such as "For My Loneliness I Pay". In June 2006, drummer Mikko Herranen left the band to focus on his other band RUST. On 30 May 2007, Velcra released their third album, Hadal. Videos of "Quick and Dirty" and "Dusk Becomes a Dawn" were released in 2007. The latter song has also been released as a single. In early 2008 Tomi Koivusaari left and Timo Hänninen joined the band.

Members

 * Jessi Frey - vocals
 * Ramonius - bass guitar
 * O.D. - guitar, programming
 * DJ Freak - keyboards, sampling
 * Timo Hänninen - guitar

Former members

 * Teppo Hudson - bass guitar - 2001-2005 (moved to London to study Arts Management and to pursue a solo career)
 * Mikko Herranen - drums - 2001-2006 (left for his other band RUST)
 * Wille Hartonen - bass guitar
 * Tomi Koivusaari - guitar (concentrated on his other band Amorphis)

Discography

 * Consequences of Disobedience (2002)
 * Between Force and Fate (2005)
 * Hadal (2007)

title: Velcra


text:
The Man in the Maze (novel)

The Man in the Maze is a science fiction novel by American writer Robert Silverberg, originally serialized in the magazine Worlds of If in April and May 1968, and published in bookstores the following year. It tells the tale of a man rendered incapable of interacting normally with other human beings by his uncontrollable psychic abilities. The novel is inspired by Sophocles' play Philoctetes, with the roles of Odysseus, Neoptolemus and Philoctetes played by Boardman, Rawlins, and Muller, respectively.

The novel deals with themes of isolation and social alienation, using psychic powers as an allegory for human interaction. In 1968, the United States adopted the Architectural Barriers Act, which mandated that public buildings be accessible to people with disabilities. In the same year, Silverberg published The Man in the Maze, in serial form, with it being novelized in 1969.

In a typical literary reversal of the New Wave, in the story, a disabled man uses an alien labyrinthine city to reject abled society. Silverberg reframed the ancient notions of disability discussed in Philoctetes in order to highlight contemporary debates of disability and project them into a utopian future that had apparently eliminated the notion. In doing so Silverberg stressed how "process, ability and disability come to construct and problematize both individual and collective human identity for the past, present, and future". :143

Silverberg employed similar techniques in Dying Inside.

Plot summary
The action takes place in the future. The main character is Richard Muller, a retired diplomat, who finds himself forced to hide from the human race on the uninhabited planet of Lemnos. He lives there in the center of an ancient city-maze, built by a vanished race. The outer zones of the maze are filled with lethal traps to discourage entrance into the central zone.

In his earlier life he had honestly served humanity, traveled to hundreds of worlds, endured hardship and danger. The career diplomat Charles Boardman invited him to make contact with the inhabitants of the planet Beta Hydri IV—the only intelligent alien race thus far discovered in the galaxy. When Muller returned after spending five months on Hydra without seeming to establish any meaningful communication with the natives at all, he discovered that other human beings could not bear to be close to him as he emanated an intolerable mental repulsion field. His own inner emotions were so fully exposed to anyone near him that they were intolerably painful. Earth science could not understand or trace the origin of these emanations from Muller's brain and he went into voluntary exile.

After nine years, however, Boardman invades his self-imposed isolation. The lethal snares of the maze are penetrated, firstly with robot drones and later with human volunteers, many of whom perish. Ned Rawlins, son of a now-dead friend of Muller's, establishes contact with him and, under the instruction of Boardman, promises him a cure as a means of luring him out of the maze. Muller agrees to go, but Rawlins' conscience compels him to tell Muller the whole truth as far as he knows it: that only Muller has the ability to make contact with aliens from another galaxy who are on their way to extinguishing human civilization.

Already six human worlds have been overrun, the people turned into zombie slaves. The aliens do not seem to realize that the humans are rational beings. The aliens are huge in physical size, communicate with each other telepathically, are physically very limited but are able to enslave the inhabitants of entire planets. Only one person—Muller, who can radiate telepathically—might beable to communicate with them; yet his experiences have made him potentially furiously hostile to any further contact with aliens, indeed with the human race itself.

After a dramatic meeting with Boardman, Muller agrees to meet the aliens. He flies to the edge of the galaxy, is taken inside an alien ship, and there seems to have his whole psyche read by the aliens. When he returns, Muller meets Rawlins and discovers that his repulsion field has now vanished. To Rawlins' disappointment, however, instead of returning to Earth and its comforts and pleasures, Muller decides to return to the maze. The worldly-wise Boardman is sure he will come back out in a few years, but Rawlins does not think so. At the end of the story we are left without knowing what resulted from this contact with the alien civilization, or what ultimately happened to Muller. Rawlins is meanwhile following in Muller's footsteps, and those of the innumerable reckless adventurers before him, from the seamen of old to the space-farers of the remote future century of the novel. The last sentences read: "He held the girl tightly. But he left before dawn".

title: The Man in the Maze (novel)


text:
University of Texas at Tyler

The University of Texas at Tyler (UT Tyler) is a public research university in Tyler, Texas. Founded in 1971, it is a part of the University of Texas System.

UT Tyler consists of six professional colleges and one traditional college of arts and sciences, offering over 90 academic degree programs at the bachelor, master, and doctoral levels. The University of Texas at Tyler is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. The university had a fall 2020 student body enrollment of 9,927 and a 19:1 student to faculty ratio. It has a park-like campus.

History
The University of Texas at Tyler was founded in 1971 as Tyler State College. The school was renamed Texas Eastern University in 1975 and then joined the University of Texas System in 1979 as a result of action by the 66th Texas Legislature. Initially, UT Tyler was a "senior" level institution ("senior" as compared to community or junior colleges), teaching only upper division undergraduate courses for juniors & seniors, as well as graduate level courses, and granting bachelor's and master's degrees. Thus, until 1998, all U.T. Tyler students were transfer students from other institutions. In 1997, the 75th Texas Legislature passed House Bill 1795, signed into law by Governor George W. Bush, authorizing the school to add classes for freshmen and sophomore students. As of the Fall semester 1998, UT Tyler became a 4-year and graduate institution.

In late 2019, the UT System Board of Regents unanimously agreed to merge the University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler (UTHSCT) under the University of Texas at Tyler (UTT), creating a single unified institution. Two months later, the UT system formally announced its intention to establish a new medical school that will be added under the new unified UT Tyler administration. It will be the first medical school in the East Texas region. The plan was approved by the university's accreditor, the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Schools, in 2020. UTHSCT retains its status as a health-related institution but came under the administration of UT Tyler.

The merger officially began in January 2021. The board of regents installed Kirk A. Calhoun as president of the newly aligned UT Tyler and UTHSCT. The medical school is expected to open in 2023.

University Academy
UT Tyler's College of Education and Psychology has operated the UT Tyler University Academy since its founding in 2012. The University Academy has campuses on UT Tyler's Campus, on UT Tyler's Longview University Center, and on UT Tyler's Palestine Campus.

University Academy offers grades K-12, with a focus on STEM and most students graduating with 30 credit hours from UT Tyler. The Schools also serve as labs for students of the UTeach program and for faculty of the College of Education and Psychology.

Academics
The university supports seven undergraduate colleges and two professional schools:

Colleges

 * College of Arts and Sciences
 * Soules College of Business
 * College of Education and Psychology
 * College of Engineering
 * School of Health Professions
 * School of Nursing
 * Honors College

Professional Schools

 * The Ben and Maytee Fisch College of Pharmacy
 * School of Medicine

Rankings
In addition to its undergraduate programs, UT Tyler offers doctoral studies in nursing, pharmacy, psychology, and human resource development. It also offers a selective four-year honors program for high-achieving undergraduate students of all majors. For the Fall 2020 semester, UT Tyler had a 92% acceptance rate. The U. S. News & World Report rankings released in 2023 placed UT Tyler #331-#440 in National Universities, tied for #282 in Top Performers on Social Mobility, #169-#227 in Top Public Schools, and tied for #42 in Best Undergraduate Engineering Programs at schools where doctorates are not offered.

Campus
UT Tyler's main campus is located on 204 acre, just inside the eastern city limits of Tyler, Texas. Many buildings and sports facilities have been constructed at the main campus since 1996.

One of the most prominent features of the UT Tyler campus is the Riter Tower, an 88 ft instrument featuring 57 bells. There is a fitness center on campus, as well as the R. Don Cowan Fine and Performing Arts Center.

There are several on-campus housing options. There is a green space called Patriot Plaza for recreation and events, and there is an Alumni House.

Research
With over $28 million in annual research expenditures, UT Tyler is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".

Funding
UT Tyler has access to the State of Texas's Permanent University Fund (PUF), with over $32 billion in assets. These funds are primarily used for infrastructure improvements and expansion, as well as the repayment of debts.

The university also has its own endowment worth $154.96 million as of 2021. Furthermore, UT Tyler is part of the University of Texas System, which has an endowment of $42.9 billion as of 2021, the most of any public university system in the world and second only to Harvard.

Debate
UT Tyler competes in the National Parliamentary Debate Association. The team has competed in the national finals several times.

Athletics

UT Tyler competes in the Lone Star Conference of the NCAA's Division II. It completed its three-year transition from Division III in 2021. Both the men's and women's sports teams are referred to as the Patriots.

The school does not have a football program.

UT Tyler participates in the following fifteen sports: Men's sports include baseball, basketball, cross country, golf, soccer, tennis and track & field, while women's sports include basketball, cross country, golf, soccer, softball, tennis, track & field and volleyball.

Since 2005, UT Tyler student-athletes have won 29 American Southwest Conference Championships, 29 ASC East Division championships, made 32 team appearances in the NCAA postseason and had 26 students earn All-America or Academic All-America Honors.

Media
Besides its newspaper, the Patriot Talon, UT Tyler has its own NPR-affiliated campus radio station, KVUT.

Notable alumni

 * Glenn Canfield Jr. (deceased) – former president of Thermo-Tech Co., Chairperson of the Republican Party of Gregg County, Texas
 * Bryan Hughes – Republican member of the Texas House of Representatives from Wood County since 2003
 * Brittany Mahomes – co-owner of Kansas City NWSL and wife of NFL quarterback Patrick Mahomes, played soccer at UT Tyler before a brief professional career
 * Brandon Rhyder – Texas Country/Red Dirt singer
 * Craig Tiley – CEO of Tennis Australia and Director of the Australian Open

title: University of Texas at Tyler