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Securities Investor Protection Corporation

The Securities Investor Protection Corporation (SIPC ) is a federally mandated, non-profit, member-funded, United States government corporation created under the Securities Investor Protection Act (SIPA) of 1970 that mandates membership of most US-registered broker-dealers. Although created by federal legislation and overseen by the Securities and Exchange Commission, the SIPC is neither a government agency nor a regulator of broker-dealers. The purpose of the SIPC is to expedite the recovery and return of missing customer cash and assets during the liquidation of a failed investment firm.

Enactment
In response to the near collapse of the financial markets in 1970, Congress chose to enact legislation that could prevent an escalation of brokerage firm insolvencies and help stabilize the financial markets. In December 1970, Senator Edmund Muskie pushed forward a bill to create a Federal Broker Dealer Insurance Corporation. A compromise with the House resulted in the SIPA, which President Richard Nixon signed into law at the end of the month. Excerpts from the President's statement made clear the goals of the legislation:

"I AM SIGNING today the Securities Investor Protection Act of 1970. This legislation establishes the Securities Investor Protection Corporation (SIPC), a private nonprofit corporation, which will insure the securities and cash left with brokerage firms by investors against loss from financial difficulties or failure of such firms. ... I urged the formation of a corporation to afford protection to small investors. ... Just as the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation protects the user of banking services from the danger of bank failure, so will the Securities Investor Protection Corporation protect the user of investment services from the danger of brokerage firm failure.

This act protects the customer, not the broker, since only the customer is paid in the event of firm failure. It does not cover the equity risk that is always present in stock market investment, but it will assure the investor that the solvency of the individual firm with which he deals will not be cause for concern. It protects the small investor, not the large investor, since there is a limit on reimbursable losses. And it assures that the widow, the retired couple, the small investor who have invested their life savings in securities will not suffer loss because of an operating failure in the mechanisms of the marketplace."

The Paperwork Crunch and financial crisis
The SIPC was born in the shadow of the "Paperwork Crunch" of 1968–70 as a means to restore confidence in the U.S. securities market. During this period,

"An explosion in the volume of trading had occurred. A system designed to handle an average three million share trading day was incapable of dealing with the thirteen million share trading day common in the late 1960s. The resultant breakdown in the securities processing mechanism caused chaos as the number of errors in recording transactions multiplied. ... In December 1968, member firms of the New York Stock Exchange had $4.4 billion in 'fails to deliver' and $4.7 billion in 'fails to receive.' Brokers and dealers were finding it difficult, if not impossible, to ascertain their own financial condition. ... This operational and financial crisis forced more than one hundred brokerage firms into liquidation causing thousands of customers to be seriously disadvantaged."

In response, the Securities Investor Protection Act of 1970 was enacted as a way to quell investor insecurity and save the securities market from a financial crisis. In his introduction of the Securities Investor Protection Act to the floor of the Senate, Senator Edmund Muskie stated:

"The economic function of the securities markets is to channel individual institutional savings to private industry and thereby contribute to the growth of capital investment. Without strong capital markets it would be difficult for our national economy to sustain continued growth. ... Securities brokers support the proper functioning of these markets by maintaining a constant flow of debt and equity instruments. The continued financial wellbeing of the economy thus depends, in part, on public willingness to entrust assets to the securities industry."

Functions
The SIPC serves two primary roles in the event that a broker-dealer fails. First, the SIPC acts to organize the distribution of customer cash and securities to investors. Second, to the extent a customer's cash and/or securities are unavailable, the SIPC can pay the customer (via its trustee) up to $500,000 for missing equity, including up to $250,000 for missing cash. In most cases where a brokerage firm has failed or is on the brink of failure, SIPC first seeks to transfer customer accounts to another brokerage firm. Should that process fail, the insolvent firm will be liquidated. In order to state a claim, the investor is required to show that their economic loss arose because of the insolvency of their broker-dealer and not because of fraud, misrepresentation, or bad investment decisions. In certain circumstances, securities or cash may not exist in full based upon a customer's statement. In this case, protection is also extended to investors whose "securities may have been lost, improperly hypothecated, misappropriated, never purchased, or even stolen".

While customers' cash and most types of securities - such as notes, stocks, bonds and certificates of deposit - are protected, other items such as commodity or futures contracts are not covered. Investment contracts, certificates of interest, participations in profit-sharing agreements, and oil, gas, or mineral royalties or leases are not covered unless registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Coverage Limits
The SIPC coverage limit is $500,000 (net equity) per cash/securities account; and $250,000 for cash-only accounts, as of 2023.

If an investor has multiple accounts at a failing brokerage, the $500,000 limit is not strictly applied per account, instead, the notion of "capacity" is used by the SIPC, and the $500,000 (or $250,000) limit is applied per capacity. Multiple accounts are aggregated into capacities. The list of capacities is: For example, if an investor had two Roth IRAS of $400,000 each, and an individual (non-IRA) account with $500,000, the two Roth IRAs would be considered a single "capacity" and the $800,000 sum would only be covered to the $500,000 limit (so $300,000 would be lost). The individual account is a distinct capacity and would be covered for its full $500,000 value.
 * Individual account
 * Joint account
 * Corporate account
 * Trust created under state law
 * IRAs
 * Roth IRAs
 * Executor of an estate
 * Guardian of a ward

Annuities are not protected by SIPC insurance.

Does not cover loss in value
Although modeled loosely on the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) which protects bank customers, the SIPC has wider discretion in satisfying customer claims. When securities are missing, it can arrange to provide either replacement securities of the same kind, or their cash value on the date that its trustee was appointed to the case. The SIPC does not protect investors against any loss in the value of their securities, nor does it assume responsibility for any promises about investment performance. Unregistered securities and commodity contracts are not covered by the SIPC, even when brokered by a member firm. Account disputes with a brokerage that remains in business are not handled by the SIPC, but typically by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC).

Inasmuch as SIPC does not insure the underlying value of the financial asset it protects, investors bear the risk of the market. In addition, investors also bear any losses of account value that exceed the current amount of SIPC protection, namely $500,000 for securities. For example, if an investor buys 100 shares of XYZ company from a brokerage firm and the firm declares bankruptcy or merges with another, the 100 shares of XYZ still belong to the investor and should be recoverable. However, if the value of XYZ declines, SIPC does not insure the difference. In other words, the $500,000 limit is to protect against broker malfeasance, not poor investment decisions and changes in the market value of securities. In addition, SIPC may protect investors against unauthorized trades in their account, while the failure to execute a trade is not covered. Again, this only pertains to an insolvent broker or dealer.

SIPC application in unusual situations
The limitations of SIPC protection caused significant confusion among a number of investors following the collapse of Bear Stearns and Lehman Brothers and perhaps, most prominently, following the exposure of Bernard Madoff's and Allen Stanford's and the Stanford Financial Group's ponzi scheme frauds.

In the Madoff fraud, where securities had allegedly not actually been purchased, SIPC and the SIPC Trustee challenged and disposed of the claims of approximately one-half of customers of the Madoff firm, arguing that over the course of time those investors had withdrawn more funds than had been invested, resulting in a negative "net equity", and, therefore, not eligible for SIPC protection.

If the brokerage becomes insolvent, there are some situations where the investors assets may be recovered beyond the $500,000 insurance limit, for example, if the investor's specific assets can be identified and recovered. Under rules of the regulatory SRO governing brokers and dealers—the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA), the investors' and the brokerage firms' assets must be segregated; they may not be commingled. It could be a civil or criminal violation if an investor's assets were inappropriately commingled. If the firm files for bankruptcy, provided the assets have been appropriately segregated, the investor's assets may be recoverable beyond SIPC's protection limit if the assets are recoverable.


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Liselotte Neumann

Liselotte Maria "Lotta" Neumann (born 20 May 1966) is a Swedish professional golfer. When she recorded her first LPGA Tour win, by claiming the 1988 U.S. Women's Open title, Neumann also became the first Swedish golfer, male or female, to win a major championship.

Early years
Neumann was born and grew up in Finspång, Sweden. Her father Rune was a former football player and coach of a local girls football team. After practicing different sports and supported by her father, her mother Ingegerd and her brother Mats, Neumann began playing golf at the local 9-hole course at Finspång Golf Club. She showed early promise and won the unofficial national youth championships, Colgate Cup, at three different levels, as a 12, 14, and 16-year-old. Neumann has later given a lot of credit, for her successful career, to her local coach since her early years, Pierre Karlström. Neumann also has showed her loyalty to her first golf club by, three times during the peak of her career in the 1990s, inviting some of the female golf stars of the world, Laura Davies, Karrie Webb, Kelly Robbins and Jane Geddes among others, for exhibition matches in Finspång.

Amateur career
In 1981, only 15 years of age, she sensationally won the Swedish International Amateur Stroke-Play Championship, one of three major amateur tournaments in Sweden at the time, at Jönköping Golf Club, with a record aggregate of 282 and a 9-stroke margin. She bettered her personal 72-hole best with 30 strokes and beat the whole Swedish amateur national team, some of whom had not even heard of Neumann before the tournament. At the time of her triumph, she wasn't even qualified for the Swedish national junior team, which, the same summer, won the European Lady Junior's Team Championship.

The year after, she successfully defended her stroke-play title and, at 16 years old, was a member of the national team at the Espirito Santo Trophy in Geneva, Switzerland. In 1983, she finished second in Orange Bowl International Junior Championship in Coral Gables, Florida. In 1984, she was the Swedish Match Play champion (tournament for first time open for professionals), member of the winning Swedish team at the European Lady Junior's Team Championship at Campo de Golf El Saler, Valencia, Spain, and medalist at the 36-hole qualifying competition in the European Ladies Team Championship, in Waterloo, Belgium. After another appearance at the Espirito Santo Trophy in Hong Kong in late 1984, she turned professional at the beginning of 1985, not yet 19 years old.

Professional career
She collected her first professional win at the Pierre Robert Cup, over 54 holes at Falsterbo Golf Club, in Sweden in May 1985 and played on the Ladies European Tour (at the time named the WPGA Tour) the second half of the year, where she won twice. At the Höganäs Ladies Open at Mölle Golf Club in Sweden, she became the youngest ever winner on the WPGA Tour.

She led the 1986 Ladies European Tour Order of Merit for most of the season, with eight straight top three finishes, but lost the lead to Laura Davies at the last tournament, the Spanish Open. While Davies won the tournament, Neumann finished 27th, her worst of the season. In the rankings, Neumann finished second, earning £494 less than Davies. The same year the ladies' Swedish Golf Tour get started with seven tournaments and Neumann was its first Order of Merit winner.

Neumann became a member of the LPGA Tour in 1988, after tying fourth at the LPGA Tour Final Qualifying Tournament in late 1987.

At the 1988 U.S. Women's Open at Baltimore Country Club, Five Farms, Baltimore, Maryland, July 21-24, at 22 years of age, Neumann led wire-to-wire in just her 16th LPGA Tour tournament, setting a new tournament first-round record 67 and 72-hole record 277, becoming the first Swedish major winner, male or female, as well as the first Swedish tournament winner on the LPGA Tour or the PGA Tour. She became the fifth non-U.S.-winner and the second youngest (by two months to Catherine Lacoste in 1967) in the 43-year history of the championship. She was voted 1988 LPGA Tour Rookie of the Year and earned her second Swedish Golfer of the Year award. She was also appointed 1988 Swedish Sportswomen of the Year by Aftonbladet and the Swedish Sports Confederation.

In total she won thirteen times on the LPGA Tour. The 1988 U.S. Women's Open remains her only LPGA major, but she won the Women's British Open in 1994, when it was recognised as a major championship by the Ladies European Tour, but not by the LPGA Tour. She also finished second five times in three other major championships.

Her best finish on the LPGA Tour money list is third in 1994. She also finished top ten in 1996, 1997 and 1998.

Throughout her career on the LPGA Tour, she continued to play on the Ladies European Tour, as well as in Asia and Australia. She won five times in Japan and the 1995 Women's Australian Open. Her victory in the 1994 Women's British Open made her the fifth player to win both British and U.S. Open titles, joining Laura Davies, Jane Geddes, Betsy King and Patty Sheehan. This accomplishment was later also achieved by Alison Nicholas, Pak Se-ri, Karrie Webb, Inbee Park and Ariya Jutanugarn. In 1994 Neumann topped the LET Order of Merit, was voted Golf World's Most Improved Golfer and awarded Swedish Golfer of the Year for the third time.

Neumann played in the European Solheim Cup team against United States, six times in a row, 1990, 1992, 1994, 1996, 1998, and 2000. She captained the team to victory in August, 2013 at Colorado Golf Club in Parker, Colorado, the first time team Europe won the cup on foreign soil, and the first time Europe won consecutive cups. Neumann won the Women's World Cup of Golf for Sweden in 2006 with Annika Sörenstam.

Awards and honors
Besides being awarded Swedish Golfer of the Year three times, Neumann received the Golden Club by the Swedish Golf Federation in 1998, as the tenth person, for great contributions to Swedish golf.

In 1998, she also became an honorary member of the PGA of Sweden.

She was recognized during the LPGA's 50th Anniversary in 2000 as one of the LPGA's top 50 players and teachers.

On June 7, 2006, the Ladies European Tour announced that Neumann has earned Lifetime Membership of the LET, at the time a feat achieved by six other golfers, Helen Alfredsson, Laura Davies, Marie-Laure de Lorenzi, Alison Nicholas, Dale Reid and Annika Sorenstam.

Amateur wins

 * 1981 Swedish International Stroke-play Championship
 * 1982 Swedish Junior Stroke-play Championship, Swedish International Stroke-play Championship, Scandinavian Foursome (with Signe Lindfeldt), Dunlop Open (Täby GC)

LPGA Tour wins (13)
LPGA Tour playoff record (2–2) Major championships is shown in bold.

Ladies European Tour wins (11)
Ladies European Tour playoff record (1–1) Note: Neumann won the Women's British Open once after it was co-sanctioned by the LPGA Tour in 1994, but before it was recognized as a major championship on the LPGA Tour in 2001.

LPGA of Japan Tour wins (5)
LPGA of Japan Tour playoff record (1–1)

ALPG Tour wins (1)
ALPG Tour playoff record (1–0)

Ladies Asian Golf Circuit wins (1)

 * 1987 (1) Singapore Ladies Open

Other wins (4)

 * 1984 (1) Swedish Match-play Championship (as an amateur)
 * 1985 (1) Pierre Robert Cup (Sweden)
 * 1992 (1) Sunrise Cup World Team Championship (team with Helen Alfredsson) (individual, shared with Trish Johnson, England)
 * 2006 (1) Women's World Cup of Golf (team event with Annika Sörenstam; recognised by all the main women's tours, but not an official money event)

Notes
 * 1Co-sanctioned by the LPGA Tour and the Japan LPGA Tour
 * 2Co-sanctioned by the LPGA Tour and the Ladies European Tour

Results timeline
^ The Women's British Open replaced the du Maurier Classic as an LPGA major in 2001. {{legend|lime|Win}} {{legend|yellow|Top 10}} {{legend|#eeeeee|Did not play}} CUT = missed the half-way cut. WD = withdrew "T" tied.

Summary

 * Starts – 85
 * Wins – 1
 * 2nd-place finishes – 5
 * 3rd-place finishes – 4
 * Top 3 finishes – 10
 * Top 5 finishes – 13
 * Top 10 finishes – 17
 * Top 25 finishes – 34
 * Missed cuts – 21
 * Most consecutive cuts made – 14
 * Longest streak of top-10s – 3

Team appearances
Amateur
 * European Lady Junior's Team Championship (representing Sweden): 1982, 1983, 1984 (winners)
 * Espirito Santo Trophy (representing Sweden): 1982, 1984
 * European Ladies' Team Championship (representing Sweden): 1983
 * Vagliano Trophy (representing Continent of Europe): 1983

Professional
 * Solheim Cup (representing Europe): 1990, 1992 (winners), 1994, 1996, 1998, 2000 (winners), 2013 (winners, non-playing captain)
 * World Cup (representing Sweden): 2006 (winners)
 * Handa Cup (representing World team): 2011, 2013 (winners), 2014, 2015

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Liselotte Neumann


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Velika Kladuša

Velika Kladuša (Велика Кладуша, ; lit. "Great Kladuša") is a town and municipality located in the Una-Sana Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is situated in the far northwest of Bosnia and Herzegovina, located near the border with Croatia. As of 2013, it has a population of 40,419 inhabitants.

History
Velika Kladuša was first mentioned by name on October 30, 1280 (date on its shield) by the name Cladosa under the rule of King Ladislaus IV of Hungary. During the era of the Byzantine Empire it is assumed that the population of the town started to slowly grow. Towards the end of the 13th century up to 1464, Velika Kladuša was controlled by the Croatian noble families of Babonić, Frankopan, Šubić and Tuz de Lak.

Around 1464 the Ottoman Empire was expanding towards this region. The town was raided in 1558, then captured in 1633 by the Ottoman Empire. After the Ottoman conquest, Islamization of the hitherto Christian region began and much of the local population converted to Islam. Velika Kladuša would later become the center of Ottoman expansion into neighboring Croatia as well as the rest of Europe. At the start of the occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina by the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1878, Velika Kladuša along with others in the region, put up the biggest resistance in the region. Nevertheless, it developed with the opening of schools, the introduction of land register books, and the construction of a mosque and a catholic church.

World War II and Socialist Yugoslavia
During World War II the region of Velika Kladuša fought on the side of the Yugoslav Partisans. At one point the town switched alliances and allowed the Nazis to occupy it, but this was planned out with the Partisans, because they then surprised the Nazis by jointly attacking them. The people in this region were always strong supporters of Yugoslav President Josip Broz Tito and communism. In late July 1941, Velika Kladuša and its surroundings became the site of a massacre of around 4,000 Serb civilians by the Croatian Ustaše, under the Ičungar Hill where anti-tank trenches were situated.

In May 1950, Velika Kladuša was the scene of a major peasant revolt when the Cazin uprising, an armed anti-state rebellion, occurred. The event mostly affected neighboring Cazin, as well as Slunj, which were all part of Communist Yugoslavia at the time. The peasants revolted against the forced collectivization and collective farms by the Yugoslav government. Following a drought in 1949, the peasants of Yugoslavia were unable to meet unrealistic quotas set by their government and were punished. The revolt that followed the drought resulted in the killings and persecution of those who organized the uprising, but also many innocent civilians. It was the only peasant rebellion in the history of Cold War Europe.

Agrokomerc
In the era of Yugoslav socialism the town became the headquarters of Agrokomerc, one of the biggest food companies in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The company started as a single food producing farm and grew to an estimated 13,000 employees at its peak of production. Agrokomerc turned Velika Kladuša and the surrounding areas into one of the richest municipalities.

Yugoslav Wars and the post-war years
During the war in Yugoslavia, Agrokomerc still continued to operate as it produced all types of food bound for Zagreb, Belgrade and other places. During the Bosnian War (1992–1995), the town was the capital of the self-declared Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia. The seat of the government was at the Stari Grad Castle, which had defense forces guarding it throughout the day and night. The city itself did not suffer much damage as it was mostly spared of major fighting. Following the end of the Bosnian War, the town was the home of a Czech helicopter unit and Canadian Forces NATO camp supporting the IFOR and SFOR peacemaking missions from 1995 to 2004.

2013
According to the 2013 census the municipality of Velika Kladuša had 40,419 residents, including:
 * 32,561 Bosniaks (80.56%)
 * 4,781 Bosnians (11.83%)
 * 1,366 Muslims (3.38%)
 * 636 Croats (1.57%)
 * 146 Serbs (0.36%)

Religion
According to the 2013 census, the religious makeup of Velika Kladuša includes:
 * 36,643 Muslims (90.66%)
 * 305 Catholics (0.75%)
 * 160 Orthodox (0.40%)
 * 3,491 others (8.64%)

Sports
Local football club Krajišnik have spent a few seasons in the second tier of Bosnia and Herzegovina's football pyramid.

Notable people

 * Baggio Husidić, footballer
 * Husein Miljković, military commander
 * Fikret Abdić, former president, mayor

title: Velika Kladuša


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Koropi

Koropi (Κορωπί, ) is a suburban town in East Attica, Greece. It is the seat of the municipality Kropia. It has been home to the new training facilities of Panathinaikos football club since the summer of 2013.

Geography
Koropi is situated east of the Hymettus mountain, and 16 km southeast of central Athens. It is 8 km southwest of the Eleftherios Venizelos International Airport. The Koropi station is served by Line 3 of the Athens Metro, and the Athens Suburban Railway. Motorway 6 connects Koropi with Athens.

Koropi is the largest settlement in the municipality Kropia. Other settlements within Kropia are Karellas to the north, Kitsi to the southwest, and Agia Marina and Agios Dimitrios further south, on the Saronic Gulf coast. It is part of Athens metropolitan area.

Historical monuments
The church (old cathedral) of the Assumption. A wall painting monument of Georgios Markou the Argus, the great and prolific post-Byzantine ecclesiastic iconographer of the 18th century ("....La Dormizione della Madona, (1732), che si trova a Coropi dell 'Attica...." Evangelos Andreou http://ketlib.lib.unipi.gr/xmlui/handle/ket/849)

Economy
Olympic Air, has its head office in Koropi. When Athens Airways existed, its head office was in Koropi.

Sports
Koropi hosts the sport teams Koropi F.C. (A.O. Koropi), one of the oldest Greek club, founded in 1903 and Koropi B.C. (Gymnastikos Syllogos Koropi) founded in 1980.

Notable people

 * Georgios Papasideris, athlete, competed at the 1896 Summer Olympics

title: Koropi


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title: User talk:62.162.247.17


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St Roch's F.C.

St Roch's Football Club is a Scottish football club, based in Royston Road, Glasgow. Nicknamed "the Candy Rock", they were formed in 1920 and play at James McGrory Park. They currently compete in the. They wear green and white strips.

St Roch's was the first club of Jimmy McGrory, the British record goalscorer with 550 goals. McGrory, who grew up in the Garngad area where the club originated, began playing for them aged just 11. After helping the club win the Scottish Junior Cup in 1922, scoring in the final, he joined Celtic the following season.

Honours

 * Scottish Junior Cup
 * Winners: 1921–22

Other honours

 * Glasgow Junior League winners: 1924–25, 1925–26
 * Central League champions: 1943–44
 * Central League B Division winners: 1972–73
 * Central League C Division winners: 1971–72
 * Central Division One winners: 1983–84
 * Central Division Two winners: 1994–95
 * Glasgow Dryburgh Cup: 1924–25, 1936–37, 1943–44, 1959–60, 1961–62

Stadium
St Roch's play at James McGrory Park on Royston Road. Originally called Provanmill Park, the ground was renamed in honour of Jimmy McGrory in 2013.

title: St Roch's F.C.


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Talk:Welcome to Fabulous Las Vegas sign

More extensive section on copyright
This is a good piece that does a lot more deep dive into the copyright issue, and probably merits an entire section.
 * Learning from ‘Fabulous’ Las Vegas: Professor Marketa Trimble uses an unlikely example – the ‘Welcome to Fabulous Las Vegas’ sign – to teach the importance of intellectual property rights.

- Fuzheado | Talk 08:01, 21 July 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Welcome to Fabulous Las Vegas sign


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Kropia

Kropia (Κρωπία) is a municipality in East Attica, Greece and has a land area of 102.0 km2. The soil is very fertile (something common in the Mediterranean) and many crops are grown on it, most importantly vineyards, olives, figs, pistachios, honey and vegetables. Its population was 30,817 at the 2021 census. The seat of the municipality is in the town of Koropi (pop. 19,164 in 2011). In descending order of population, its other villages are Kítsi (pop. 4,788), Agía Marína (3,765), Karellás (1,579), and Ágios Dimítrios (1,011).

Olympic Air has its head office in Kropia.

title: Kropia


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Jane Geddes

Jane Geddes (born February 5, 1960) is a retired American professional golfer. She joined the LPGA Tour in 1983 and won two major championships and 11 LPGA Tour events overall. Geddes was the Vice President of Talent Relations of WWE.

Career
Geddes was born in Huntington, New York. She played college golf at Florida State University and was a member of the school's national championship team in 1981. She joined the LPGA Tour in 1983, posting runner-up finishes three times from 1984 to 1985.

Geddes broke through for her first professional victory when she won the 1986 U.S. Women's Open by defeating Sally Little in an 18-hole playoff. Then she won again the very next week. The year 1987 was her best, as she posted five victories, including the Mazda LPGA Championship, and four second-place finishes, finishing third on the money list. In all, seven of Geddes' 11 career wins came from 1986 to 1987.

Geddes won twice in 1991 and her last win was at the 1994 Chicago Challenge. Geddes finished in the Top 20 on the money list nine times, and posted 14 Top 10 finishes in majors in addition to her two major championship wins. In 2000, she was recognized during the LPGA's 50th Anniversary in 2000 as one of the LPGA's top-50 players and teachers. She retired from the LPGA Tour following the 2003 season.

Geddes co-founded an Internet e-commerce company named Planesia, which she sold in 2001. She received a degree in criminology from the University of South Florida in 2003, and later received a law degree from Stetson University College of Law in Florida. She also served as assistant captain of the U.S. Solheim Cup team in 2002 and 2003. In January 2007, she joined the LPGA Tour as Senior Director of Tournament Business Affairs. She was later promoted to Vice-President of Competition. In 2009, she was promoted again to Senior Vice President of Tournament Operations and Players Services.

In September 2011, Geddes left the LPGA to become VP of Talent Relations for World Wrestling Entertainment. On March 4, 2015, it was reported that Geddes had parted ways with the WWE.

In April 2017, Geddes was named CEO of Executive Women's Golf Association (EWGA), a Florida not-for-profit corporation whose mission is to connect women to learn, play and enjoy golf for business and for fun. The EWGA was acquired by the LPGA and she became the Executive Director of the LPGA Amateur Golf Association.

From 2016 to 2019 she served as the Executive Director of the International Association of Golf Administrators.

In 2019 she left both positions in the LPGA Amateur Golf Association and International Association of Golf Administrators.

Personal life
She currently resides near Stamford, Connecticut, with her partner, former professional tennis player Gigi Fernández, and their twins, Karson Xavier and Madison Jane.

LPGA Tour (11)
LPGA Tour playoff record (3–2)

Ladies European Tour (1)

 * 1989 Weetabix Women's British Open

LPGA of Japan Tour (1)

 * 1987 Treasure Invitational

ALPG Tour (2)

 * 1990 Daikyo Australian Ladies Masters
 * 1991 Daikyo Australian Ladies Masters

Wins (2)
1 In an 18-hole playoff, Geddes 71, Little 73.

Team appearances
Professional
 * Solheim Cup (representing the United States): 1996 (winners)
 * Handa Cup (representing the United States): 2006 (winners)

title: Jane Geddes


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Stonehouse Violet F.C.

Stonehouse Violet Football Club was a Scottish football club, based in Stonehouse, South Lanarkshire (situated between Larkhall and Strathaven). The last incarnation of the club formed in 1966 as Stonehouse Thistle, changing their name to Violet in 1969. A previous Stonehouse Violet club had played at Loch Park in the town from 1924 until 1961. Members of the Scottish Junior Football Association, they competed in the Lanarkshire League, the Central Regional League and latterly in the SJFA West Region. The club were based at Tilework Park and wore blue, orange and white strips (uniforms). Violet were runners-up in the 1977–78 Scottish Junior Cup.

They were forced to withdraw from league competition in December 2008 due to financial difficulties, but retained non-playing membership of the SJFA and rejoined the Central Second Division for the start of season 2010–11. The club, however, folded again on 11 January 2012, citing lack of local support.

Honours
Scottish Junior Cup: Runners-up: 1977–78

Central League Second Division: Winners: 1982–83

 * Lanarkshire League winners: 1938–39
 * Lanarkshire Hozier Cup: 1937–38, 1938–39

Notable player links

 * Tom Forsyth - Rangers, Motherwell & Scottish International
 * Brian Martin - St. Mirren, Motherwell & Scottish International

title: Stonehouse Violet F.C.


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Dry media reaction

A dry media reaction or solid-state reaction or solventless reaction is a chemical reaction performed in the absence of a solvent. Dry media reactions have been developed in the wake of developments in microwave chemistry, and are a part of green chemistry.

The drive for the development of dry media reactions in chemistry is:
 * economics (save money on solvents)
 * ease of purification (no solvent removal post-synthesis)
 * high reaction rate (due to high concentration of reactants)
 * environmentally friendly (solvent is not required), see green chemistry

Drawbacks to overcome:
 * reactants should mix to a homogeneous system
 * high viscosity in reactant system
 * unsuitable for solvent assisted chemical reactions
 * problems with dissipating heat safely; risk of thermal runaway
 * side reactions accelerated
 * if reagents are solids, very high energy consumption from milling

In one type of solventless reaction a liquid reactant is used neat, for instance the reaction of 1-bromonaphthalene with Lawesson's reagent is done with no added liquid solvent, but the 1-bromonaphthalene acts as a solvent.

A reaction which is closer to a true solventless reaction is a Knoevenagel condensation of ketones with (malononitrile) where a 1:1 mixture of the two reactants (and ammonium acetate) is irradiated in a microwave oven.

Colin Raston's research group have been responsible for a number of new solvent free reactions. In some of these reactions all the starting materials are solids, they are ground together with some sodium hydroxide to form a liquid, which turns into a paste which then hardens to a solid.

In another development the two components of an aldol reaction are combined with the asymmetric catalyst S-proline in a ball mill in a mechanosynthesis. The reaction product has 97% enantiomeric excess.

A reaction rate acceleration is observed in several systems when a homogeneous solvent system is rapidly evaporated in a rotavap in a vacuum, one of them a Wittig reaction. The reaction goes to completion in 5 minutes with immediate evaporation whereas the same reaction in solution after the same 5 minutes (dichloromethane) has only 70% conversion and even after 24 hours some of the aldehyde remains.

title: Dry media reaction


text:
La Force Prison

La Force Prison was a French prison located in the Rue du Roi de Sicile, in what is now the 4th arrondissement of Paris. Originally known as the Hôtel de la Force, the buildings formed the private residence of Henri-Jacques Nompar de Caumont, duc de la Force. Towards the end of the reign of Louis XIV, the Hôtel de la Force was divided into two parts, one of which took the name of the Hôtel de Brienne, and had its entrance in the Rue Pavée; the other retained its former name and had its entrance in the Rue du Roi de Sicile.

La Grande Force
After passing through several hands, the buildings were acquired, in 1754, by the war ministry, and were transformed, in 1780, into a prison.

The Hôtel de la Force was renamed La Grande Force and was intended for debtors and those charged with civil offences. The prison consisted of several buildings, each of which had a separate yard. The most airy building was situated in the centre between two yards planted with trees. It was there that such prisoners were detained who could incur some expense. On the left was the infirmary.

La Petite Force
At the same time as the Hôtel de la Force was being converted into a prison, the Hôtel de Brienne was demolished, and a new prison for prostitutes was erected on its site, which was called La Petite Force. The front presented a somber aspect. It was ornamented with vermiculated rustics and the entrance was formed by an elliptical arch. It was three stories high and was surmounted by a Doric cornice. In its construction, neither wood nor plaster were employed, the whole being built of stone bound together by iron bars. It was located adjacent to the Hôtel de Lamoignon.

During the French Revolution, this prison was used for political prisoners, and it was here that the close friend of Marie Antoinette, the Princesse de Lamballe was taken. La Force came under attack by violent mobs on 3 September 1792, and the four following days: one hundred and sixty prisoners, among whom were three priests and the Princesse de Lamballe, were massacred there.

The Grande Force had housed only male prisoners and the Petite Force had been used exclusively for women, however, in 1830 the two prisons were united, and placed under one management. The whole prison was then converted to house males committed for trial. These prisoners were divided into two separate groups: the old offenders into one ward, the young and comparatively innocent into another.

The prisoners slept in large and well ventilated chambers, and the boys each had a small apartment which contained a single bed. The prisoners had the privilege of working if they wished, but they were not obliged to do so, inasmuch as they were on remand and not yet convicted of crime. There was a department for the sick, a bathing-room, a parlor, and an advocate's room, where the prisoners could hold conversations with their legal defenders.

The two prisons of La Force were demolished in 1845, and the only remaining part is a section of wall adjoining the City of Paris Historical Library.

Notable prisoners

Detainees included:
 * Benjamin Nicolas Marie Appert
 * Jean Sylvain Bailly
 * Pierre-Jean de Béranger
 * Aimé Picquet du Boisguy
 * Edme Castaing
 * George Henry Caunter
 * Constantin-François Chassebœuf
 * Clotworthy Skeffington, 2nd Earl of Massereene, Irish nobleman
 * Claude Fournier
 * Évariste Galois
 * Pierre Choderlos de Laclos
 * Victor Claude Alexandre Fanneau de Lahorie
 * Claude Ledoux
 * Simon-Nicolas-Henri Linguet
 * Gregor MacGregor
 * Marie Angélique de Mackau
 * Francisco de Miranda
 * Anne de Noailles
 * Princess Marie Louise of Savoy
 * Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud and 12 other Girondist deputies

Fictional detainees included:
 * Charles Darnay (fictional character in Charles Dickens' A Tale of Two Cities)
 * Lucien de Rubempré and Jacques Collins (fictional characters in Honoré de Balzac's Illusions perdues and Splendeurs et misères des courtisanes"
 * Thénardier (fictional character in Victor Hugo's Les Misérables)
 * Benedetto (fictional character in Alexander Dumas' The Count of Monte-Cristo)
 * James Dillon (fictional character in John Hobart Caunter's The Fellow Commoner (1836))

title: La Force Prison


text:
Talk:Dialectical behavior therapy

critiques
The following two criticism should be removed as wp:NOR unless the can be sourced.

 * Certain aspects of DBT are subject to debate, including the rule that states, "Any individual who misses four consecutive DBT meetings can no longer work with their preassigned DBT therapist, no matter how long they have been working together." Although this rule is intended to encourage participation, Peer Counselors and Disability Advocates like Raquel Santiago, a certified peer counselor and first responder in San Francisco, argue that this rule tends to penalize patients unfairly, since even hospitalizations for medical purposes are not exempt.[citation needed]
 * Additionally, learning and remembering the counter-intuitive acronyms used to label the modules can pose a challenge to people who suffer from cognitive processing delays caused by either medication, the symptoms of their diagnosis, or other organic functioning issues.[citation needed]

-- Cdw ♥'s ♪ ♫ ( talk  ) 01:51, 18 January 2012 (UTC)

 * Nice job on the article. I have only one complaint. You removed the underlines from the characters making up the acronyms. I think they were useful and would like to restore them. -- Cdw ♥'s ♪ ♫ ( talk  ) 02:45, 25 February 2012 (UTC)

Actus Reas personality issues with mens rea, identified by sadomasochistic modus operandi immunities (tort reform) and the secondary element "materialism" solution; Theft by proxy, Theft of service, no duty to warn. Insurance and other law coercion crime, post therapy negligence automatism substantiate, patient has to love Modus vivendi. Personal being a head injury, attacked on the job for a month, I suffer from advancing nerve damage from the coercion ( group therapy, re-educate, edification) therapy, to commit. I personally was expect to, and still expected to inchoate suicidal terror as an American dialectical solution. Medical malpractice where care immunities are supreme, I was attack and place again on the 911 terror Atta path in houston. The risk of estoppel "make to", of national social, legal, political, religion catastrophe, in other word promotes free for all in a world context. The theism theory of making occult and world satin church (making abortions complete ) immune, lose on earth is a prophecy fulfilled. All philosophies said to kill pure thought (Christ) for dialectical materialism. An the endocannibalism effective problem of the therapy does not include Folie A Deux imposee worship, death religion, Class need of a people source, commercial tortfeasing, malfeasance, malpractice, drug use to become disordered, getting off to "it" is along term effect of experience, damage to self and public (endocannibalism insatiable need), see patient every where, The occult practice of loving persons "IT" (genius) for accessible evil genius, act the role you are the act, going after 6 degree of separation, family, friends...I have seen more negative of the practice. And the problem started as negative frequency dependent selection and dependent on illegal immigration aphasia automatic psychological defenses, the evil genius working in the innocent, biblical antiquity NOS personalities named demon, devil, satin. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 184.5.68.81 (talk) 18:36, 19 August 2016 (UTC)

 * I do DBT, and the "4 misses in a row" is a real rule, but it's oversimplified here. I don't think it happens as much as the critic makes it sound. DBT therapists don't just drop people as clients, there's interventions in place to prevent 4 misses in a row like using phone coaching and addressing commitment to the program. Clients start knowing the rule before starting phase 1 and agree to it, and if there's concerns, the therapist is trained to address it. I think I have too much COI to make any edits myself on this page. In Marsha Linehan's memoir, she addresses critiques herself as it was challenging to establish the treatment, so that could be a good place to start and then find independent sources that explain it.
 * Jennarachel107 (talk) 18:57, 23 February 2024 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: EDT 251 - Research Skills and Strategies
— Assignment last updated by Tgentile (talk) 20:43, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dialectical behavior therapy


text:
Hollis Stacy

Hollis Stacy (born March 16, 1954) is an American professional golfer. She became a member of the LPGA Tour in 1974, winning four major championships and 18 LPGA Tour events. She was inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame in the veterans category in 2012.

Amateur career
Born and raised in Savannah, Georgia, Stacy won the U.S. Girls' Junior three consecutive times, the only player to accomplish this feat, in 1969, 1970, and 1971. In 1970, she won the North and South Women's Amateur at Pinehurst, and played for the 1972 United States Curtis Cup team. She attended Rollins College in Winter Park, Florida and became a member of the LPGA Tour in 1974.

Professional career
Stacy won four major championships during her career: the U.S. Women's Open in 1977, 1978, and 1984, and the 1983 Peter Jackson Classic (later known as the du Maurier Classic). She had 18 LPGA wins; the last win came in 1991 at the Crestar-Farm Fresh Classic. She played on the LPGA Tour through 2000, then became eligible to join the newly founded Women's Senior Golf Tour (now Legends Tour) in 2001. She won the Shopko Great Lakes Classic in 2001.

Amateur wins

 * 1969 U.S. Girls' Junior
 * 1970 U.S. Girls' Junior, North and South Women's Amateur
 * 1971 U.S. Girls' Junior

LPGA Tour wins (18)
LPGA Tour playoff record (6–4)

LPGA of Japan Tour wins (1)
1984 Nichirei Cup Japan-US Women's Professional Golf Team Championship

Legends Tour wins (1)

 * 2001 Shopko Great Lakes Classic

Other wins

 * 1977 Pepsi-Cola Mixed Team Championship (with Jerry Pate)

Results timeline
{{legend|lime|Win}} {{legend|yellow|Top 10}} {{legend|#eeeeee|Did not play}} CUT = missed the half-way cut "T" = tied

Summary

 * Starts – 96
 * Wins – 4
 * 2nd-place finishes – 1
 * 3rd-place finishes – 0
 * Top 3 finishes – 5
 * Top 5 finishes – 7
 * Top 10 finishes – 16
 * Top 25 finishes – 37
 * Missed cuts – 28
 * Most consecutive cuts made – 25
 * Longest streak of top-10s – 3 (twice)

Team appearances
Amateur
 * Curtis Cup (representing the United States): 1972 (winners)

title: Hollis Stacy


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Shropshire Anarcho-Leninst Organisation of the People

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. CDC  (talk)  05:07, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Shropshire Anarcho-Leninst Organisation of the People
No vote, need advice on articles like these. I plead to You my comrades. I guess democratic or communist, both are important, but one from Shropshire...? Feydey 20:45, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * In Soviet Russia, articles on non-notable communist parties Delete YOU!
 * I've waitied so long to use that joke. Feco 20:49, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * It's a shame that you used it in a case where it isn't actually a real communist party at all. ☺    For those who don't see the joke: "Shropshire Anarcho-Leninst Organisation of the People" abbreviates to "SALOP", which is, of course the old name for Shropshire.  The "Craven Arms" is undoubtedly a pub.  And so forth. Uncle G 01:05, 2005 Apr 9 (UTC)
 * well...mutter, mutter.... in Soviet Russia, my parade rains on Uncle G! Feco
 * chuckle Uncle G 12:45, 2005 Apr 9 (UTC)
 * Actually, Craven Arms is a town in Shropshire, with a fairly important railway station. However, this is still a patent hoax.  Delete Chris 00:25, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete it, so. None of usefull or serious... José San Martin 00:03, Apr 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * A joke article. Delete. Uncle G 01:05, 2005 Apr 9 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, hoax. Megan1967 01:10, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Lightner Museum

The Lightner Museum is a museum of antiques, mostly American Gilded Age pieces, housed within the historic Hotel Alcazar building in downtown St. Augustine. This 1887 Spanish Renaissance Revival style building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Hotel Alcazar
The hotel was commissioned by Henry Flagler, to appeal to wealthy tourists who traveled south for the winter on his railroad, the Florida East Coast Railway. It was designed by New York City architects Carrère and Hastings, in the Spanish Renaissance Revival style. The firm also designed the Ponce de León Hotel across the street, now part of the campus of Flagler College. Both structures are notable for being among the earliest examples of poured concrete buildings in the world. These architects later designed the New York Public Library in New York City and the Russell Senate Office Building in Washington, D.C.

The hotel had a steam room, massage parlor, sulfur baths, gymnasium, a three-story ballroom, and the world's largest indoor swimming pool; however, after years as an elegant winter resort for wealthy patrons, the hotel closed in 1932.

On August 20, 1947 Chicago publisher Otto C. Lightner purchased the building to convert the old hotel into a hobbies museum. He used the space to house several collections, including his own extensive collection of Victorian era art. He then turned it over to the city of St. Augustine and the museum opened to the public in 1948.

The building is an attraction in itself, centering on an open courtyard with palm trees and a stone arch bridge over a koi pond.

Museum
The museum occupies three floors of the former Hotel Alcazar and is housed in the former health facilities of the hotel, including the spa and the Victorian Turkish bath, in addition to its three-story ballroom.

The first floor of the museum houses a Victorian Science and Industry Room displays shells, rocks, minerals, and Native American artifacts in beautiful Gilded Age cases, as well as stuffed birds, a small Egyptian mummy, a model steam engine, elaborate examples of Victorian glassblowing, a golden elephant bearing the world on its back, and a shrunken head. Moreover, the first floor contains a music room, filled with mechanized musical instruments—including player pianos, reproducing pianos, orchestrions, and others—dating from the 1870s through the 1920s. It formerly featured a Victorian village, with shop fronts representing emporia selling period wares; this area is now the gift shop.

The second floor contains examples of cut glass, Victorian art glass and stained-glass work from Louis Comfort Tiffany's studio. The third floor, in the ballroom's upper balcony, exhibits paintings, sculptures, and furniture, including a grande escritoire created for Louis Bonaparte, Napoleon's brother and King of Holland between 1806 and 1810. The Ballroom Gallery has oil paintings by Paul Trouillebert (Cleopatra & the Dying Messenger), Léon Comerre (Maid of Honor), and Albert Bierstadt (In the Yosemite). It also has sculptures by Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux and Randolph Rogers.

On view from the ballroom's upper balcony is the now drained swimming pool. The pool now hosts the Cafe Alcazar.

The Lightner Museum partners with local tourism initiatives such as Visit Florida and Florida Attractions Association. In 2021, the museum developed a local artists initiative called Lightner Local, with support from the Benjamin and Jean Troemel Arts Foundation, awarding exhibition space for artists who lived in Northeast and Central Florida. The Lightner is a member of Culture Builds Florida, the Division of Arts and Culture for the state of Florida, as well as the St Johns Cultural Council. In 2021, the museum completed improvements to its storage facilities using a $162,000 grant award from the Institute of Museum and Library Services.

title: Lightner Museum


text: User talk:83.71.40.41

title: User talk:83.71.40.41


text:
Sandra Palmer (golfer)

Sandra Palmer (born March 10, 1943) is an American professional golfer. She became a member of the LPGA Tour in 1964 and won 19 LPGA Tour events, including two major championships, during her career. She was elected to the World Golf Hall of Fame in 2023 and will be inducted in 2024.

Amateur career
Palmer was born in Fort Worth, Texas, but grew up (and first played golf) in Bangor, Maine. She attended North Texas State University where she was a cheerleader and Homecoming Queen. Palmer attended North Texas State University, where she was runner-up in the 1961 National Collegiate Championship. While at North Texas State, Palmer joined Alpha Delta Pi sorority. She was a four-time winner of the West Texas Amateur and won the Texas State Amateur in 1963.

Professional career
Palmer turned professional and became a member of the LPGA Tour in 1964. She won 19 events on the Tour, and also several other professional events, including some as a senior. Her two wins in major championships came at the 1972 Titleholders Championship and the 1975 U.S. Women's Open. She topped the money list for 1975 and was awarded the LPGA Player of the Year title. Her ten top-10 finishes on the money list came in ten straight years from 1968 to 1977. She played her last event on the Tour in 1997.

LPGA Tour wins (19)
LPGA Tour playoff record (4–5)

LPGA majors are shown in bold. Note: Palmer won the Colgate-Dinah Shore Winner's Circle (now known as the Kraft Nabisco Championship) before it became a major championship.

LPGA of Japan Tour wins (2)

 * 1970 Tokai Classic
 * 1973 TV Shizuoka Central Ladies

Other wins (7)

 * 1972 Angelo's Four-Ball Championship (with Jane Blalock)
 * 1973 Angelo's Four-Ball Championship (with Jane Blalock)
 * 1991 Centel Senior Challenge
 * 1992 Centel Senior Challenge
 * 1993 Sprint Senior Challenge
 * 1994 Sprint Senior Challenge
 * 1995 Sprint Senior Challenge

title: Sandra Palmer (golfer)


text:
Eleazar Albin

Eleazar Albin (fl. 1690 – c. 1742) was an English naturalist and watercolourist illustrator who wrote and illustrated a number of books including A Natural History of English Insects (1720), A Natural History of Birds (1731–38) and A Natural History of Spiders and other Curious Insects (1736). He has been described as one of the "great entomological book illustrators of the 18th century".

Biography
Nothing is known of Albin's early life, though he may have been German-born; he claimed to have been in Jamaica in 1701. In 1708 he is known to have been married and living in Piccadilly, London. According to autobiographical details in A Natural History of English Insects, Albin taught watercolour painting before being instructed in natural history by silk weaver and naturalist Joseph Dandridge. A Natural History of Birds has coloured engravings by Albin and his daughter Elizabeth Albin. In that book Albin writes "As for the paintings, they are all done from life, with all the exactness I could either with my own hand, or my daughters, whom I have taught to draw and paint after the life".

In his work on birds he describes the wood-crow (northern bald ibis) from a stuffed specimen, being probably the last description of this bird made while the species was still extant in Europe.

Works

 * E. Albin. A natural history of English insects. Illustrated with a hundred copper plates, curiously engraven from the life: and (for those who desire it) exactly coloured by the author (London, William Innys, 1720).
 * E. Albin. A natural history of spiders, and other curious insects (London, Tilly, 1736).
 * E. Albin. A Natural History of English Songbirds (1737). With coloured plates.
 * R. North & E. Albin. ''The History of Esculent Fish" (1794).
 * R. North & E. Albin. ''The History of Esculent Fish" (1794).

title: Eleazar Albin


text:
Talk:David MacKay

See also Talk:David MacKay (soldier)

title: Talk:David MacKay


text:
User talk:Dark-Shadow

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has now been reverted or removed. Please use Sandbox for any other tests you want to do, since testing in articles will be reverted quickly. Please see the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. P Ingerson 20:49, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Please stop adding nonsense to Wikipedia. It is considered vandalism. If you want to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. FreplySpang (talk) 20:51, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

You have been temporarily blocked from editing for vandalism of Wikipedia. If you wish to make useful contributions, you are welcome to come back after the block expires. James F. (talk) 20:56, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dark-Shadow


text:
User talk:Akiepas12

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Thank you for your good intentions in adding a warning at the top of Seven Wonders of the World. However, I have removed it because it is distracting from the article itself. The people who are putting bad information in the article will get bored and go away soon! FreplySpang (talk) 20:50, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

You have been temporarily blocked from editing for vandalism of Wikipedia. If you wish to make useful contributions, you are welcome to come back after the block expires. James F. (talk) 20:58, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * On reviewing your edits, I've noticed that I was wrong to block you, and have lifted the block. It was wholly my mistake, and I hope that I haven't "scared you off" from Wikipedia. My deepest apologies.
 * 21:32, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Akiepas12


text:
Susie Berning

Susie Maxwell Berning (born July 22, 1941) is a retired American professional golfer. She became a member of the LPGA Tour in 1964 and won four major championships and eleven LPGA Tour victories in all. She also competed under her maiden name Susie Maxwell from 1964 to 1968. She was inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame in 2022.

Amateur career
Maxwell was born in Pasadena, California. Her family moved to Oklahoma City, Oklahoma when she was 13. After taking up golf at the age of 15, she immediately won three-straight Oklahoma State High School Championships. She also won the Oklahoma City Women's Amateur from 1959 to 1961. In 1963, she won the Oklahoma Women's Amateur. She was the first woman to receive a golf scholarship from Oklahoma City University, where she competed on the men's team and she was a member of the Alpha Phi sorority.

Professional career
She turned pro and joined the LPGA Tour in 1964, and earned LPGA Rookie of the Year honors. She won her first tournament in 1965 at the Muskogee Civitan Open. She was named Most Improved Player for 1967. She won 11 times on the Tour, a high proportion of her wins coming in major championships, the 1965 Women's Western Open and the U.S. Women's Open in 1968, 1972 and 1973. However her form was inconsistent from her late twenties on, with the last of her three top-10 finishes on the money list coming in 1969. She stayed on the Tour for many years, though she did not always play full-time, and played 13 events as late as 1995. She made her final appearance on the Tour in 1996.

Since retiring from tour play, Berning has become a well-respected teaching professional spending time at the Nicholas-Flick Golf Academy, and now dividing her time between The Reserve Club in Palm Springs, California and Maroon Creek Country Club in Aspen, Colorado. She has two daughters, Robin Doctor and Cindy Molchany.

LPGA Tour wins (11)
LPGA Tour playoff record (1–1)

Other wins (2)

 * 1975 Lady Keystone Open
 * 1997 Sprint Senior Challenge

title: Susie Berning


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Arlo Rose

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. (IP votes not counted) - Mailer Diablo 17:11, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Arlo Rose
Seems to be a vanity page. Even if Arlo Rose didn't write this, I don't believe he is noteworthy enough to warrant an article here. Oliver Keenan 20:53, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete for reasons above. Oliver Keenan 20:53, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete softwaredeveloper-cruft. Heard of Konfabulator due to last year's announcement of Mac OS X Tiger's feature Dashboard. The person is just not notable, enough. --Anonymous Cow 20:57, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, though I've heard of Konfabulator, which could alternatively be "merged" with this article. --Asriel86 23:22, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete not notable Dsmdgold 01:29, Apr 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep I get an email or so a week asking why my link in the Eazel entry is a dead link, so I added one. Delete if you want, but then someone should edit the Edit the Eazel page (where someone felt I was notable). --69.238.246.117 22:00, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Another quick note... I asked some folks that were more familiar with the Wikipedia etiquette, and they suggest how to rewrite the entry to be more like Darin's or Andy's. I've now fixed it so that you all will find it more acceptable. --69.238.246.117 01:57, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Sorry, but still agree with the Delete votes above. If asked why your link is red, you might consider unlinking it. Radiant_* 09:31, Apr 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * I guess I'm not clear on how Darin Adler, Bud Tribble, Dave Hyatt, or any of the other software developers I see on here are okay, but I'm not.--69.238.246.117 18:39, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and rework This man is probably significant enough to deserve a least a small biography. Nothing radical. The current article does suck, though. --huwr 14:14, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep He is a valid contributor to the Eazel project. More information is better than less.

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
HVDC Troll

The HVDC Troll is a bipolar high-voltage direct current (HVDC) electric power transmission line for the supply of the gas compressor station on the offshore construction work Troll A platform. It consists of dual set of a 68 km long bipolar submarine cable designed for ±60 kV between the inverter at the Troll A platform and the static rectifier station at Kollsnes in Norway. The HVDC Troll has a maximum transmission rate of 84 megawatt.

In 2013 work started on a new rectifier station at Kollsnes for supplying the two new compressors being installed on Troll A.

title: HVDC Troll


text:
Betty Jameson

Elizabeth May Jameson (May 9, 1919 – February 7, 2009) was an American professional golfer. She was one of the thirteen founders of the Ladies Professional Golf Association (LPGA) in 1950. She won three major championships and a total of thirteen events during her career, one as amateur and twelve as a professional. She is a member of the World Golf Hall of Fame.

Amateur career
Jameson was born in Norman, Oklahoma and graduated from Dallas' Sunset High School in 1939. She started playing golf at age 11. According to her obituary in the New York Times, her mother gave her 50 cents for a greens fee and another 50 cents to rent a set of clubs at a public golf course in Dallas when she was 11 years old. She won the 1932 Texas Publinx title at the age of 13 and the Southern Championship when she was 15. She won the U.S. Women's Amateur in 1939 and 1940. She won the Women's Western Amateur in 1940 and 1942. In 1942, she also won the Women's Western Open, a major at the time, while still an amateur. She was selected to the DISD Athletics Hall of Fame and is a Member of the Sunset High School Hall of Fame.

Professional career
Jameson turned professional in 1945. She was one of the thirteen women who founded the LPGA in 1950. She won a total of thirteen events, including three major championships. In 1947, she won the U.S. Women's Open with a 295 total at the Starmount Forest Country Club in Greensboro, North Carolina, marking the first time a female golfer scored lower than 300 in a 72-hole tournament. She won the 1954 Women's Western Open again. In 1967, when the LPGA Tour Hall of Fame was created, Jameson was one of the six inaugural inductees. The LPGA recognized her induction year into the Hall of Fame of Women's Golf, 1951, as her official induction year into the LPGA Tour Hall of Fame and the World Golf Hall of Fame. She competed in her final LPGA event, the Burdine's Invitational, in 1970.

Jameson conceived the idea of annually honoring the golfer with the lowest scoring average on the LPGA Tour and, in 1952, donated a trophy for that in the name of Glenna Collett Vare. She was inducted into the Women's Sports Foundation's Hall of Fame in 1999, and was listed as "...as one of the (LPGA) association’s top 50 players and teachers." In 2004, August 14 was proclaimed "Betty Jameson Day" in Delray Beach, Florida, to commemorate her career accomplishments.

Jameson had to stop playing golf, other than doing some occasional chipping and putting, because of pain in her wrists caused by carpal tunnel syndrome. She took up painting for her own enjoyment and sold a few works to friends. However, according to her obituary in the New York Times, she was reportedly destitute when she died at her home, which was then in Boynton Beach, Florida.

LPGA Tour wins (13)

 * 1942 (1) Women's Western Open (as an amateur)
 * 1947 (2) U.S. Women's Open, Women's Texas Open
 * 1948 (1) Tampa Open
 * 1952 (3) Corpus Christi Tournament, Bakersfield Open (tie with Marlene Hagge, Betsy Rawls, and Babe Zaharias), World Championship
 * 1953 (1) Serbin Miami Beach Open
 * 1954 (1) Women's Western Open
 * 1955 (4) Sarasota Open, Babe Zaharias Open, White Mountain Open, Richmond Open

Other wins (5)

 * 1938 Women's Texas Open (as an amateur)
 * 1946 Hardscrabble Open
 * 1952 Hardscrabble Open
 * 1955 Virginia Hot Springs 4-Ball (with Mary Lena Faulk)
 * 1958 Homestead 4-Ball (with Mary Lena Faulk)

title: Betty Jameson


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Aerodynamic heating

Aerodynamic heating is the heating of a solid body produced by its high-speed passage through air. In science and engineering, an understanding of aerodynamic heating is necessary for predicting the behaviour of meteoroids which enter the Earth's atmosphere, to ensure spacecraft safely survive atmospheric reentry, and for the design of high-speed aircraft and missiles.

Aircraft
The effects of aerodynamic heating on the temperature of the skin, and subsequent heat transfer into the structure, the cabin, the equipment bays and the electrical, hydraulic and fuel systems, have to be incorporated in the design of supersonic and hypersonic aircraft and missiles.

One of the main concerns caused by aerodynamic heating arises in the design of the wing. For subsonic speeds, two main goals of wing design are minimizing weight and maximizing strength. Aerodynamic heating, which occurs at supersonic and hypersonic speeds, adds an additional consideration in wing structure analysis. An idealized wing structure is made up of spars, stringers, and skin segments. In a wing that normally experiences subsonic speeds, there must be a sufficient number of stringers to withstand the axial and bending stresses induced by the lift force acting on the wing. In addition, the distance between the stringers must be small enough that the skin panels do not buckle, and the panels must be thick enough to withstand the shear stress and shear flow present in the panels due to the lifting force on the wing. However, the weight of the wing must be made as small as possible, so the choice of material for the stringers and the skin is an important factor.

At supersonic speeds, aerodynamic heating adds another element to this structural analysis. At normal speeds, spars and stringers experience a load called Delta P, which is a function of the lift force, first and second moments of inertia, and length of the spar. When there are more spars and stringers, the Delta P in each member is reduced, and the area of the stringer can be reduced to meet critical stress requirements. However, the increase in temperature caused by energy flowing from the air (heated by skin friction at these high speeds) adds another load factor, called a thermal load, to the spars. This thermal load increases the net force felt by the stringers, and thus the area of the stringers must be increased in order for the critical stress requirement to be met.

Another issue that aerodynamic heating causes for aircraft design is the effect of high temperatures on common material properties. Common materials used in aircraft wing design, such as aluminum and steel, experience a decrease in strength as temperatures get extremely high. The Young's Modulus of the material, defined as the ratio between stress and strain experienced by the material, decreases as the temperature increases. Young's Modulus is critical in the selection of materials for wing, as a higher value lets the material resist the yield and shear stress caused by the lift and thermal loads. This is because Young's Modulus is an important factor in the equations for calculating the critical buckling load for axial members and the critical buckling shear stress for skin panels. If the Young's Modulus of the material decreases at high temperatures caused by aerodynamic heating, then the wing design will call for larger spars and thicker skin segments in order to account for this decrease in strength as the aircraft goes supersonic. There are some materials that retain their strength at the high temperatures that aerodynamic heating induces. For example, Inconel X-750 was used on parts of the airframe of the X-15, a North American aircraft that flew at hypersonic speeds in 1958. Titanium is another high-strength material, even at high temperatures, and is often used for wing frames of supersonic aircraft. The SR-71 used titanium skin panels painted black to reduce the temperature and corrugated to accommodate expansion. Another important design concept for early supersonic aircraft wings was using a small thickness-to-chord ratio, so that the speed of the flow over the airfoil does not increase too much from the free stream speed. As the flow is already supersonic, increasing the speed even more would not be beneficial for the wing structure. Reducing the thickness of the wing brings the top and bottom stringers closer together, reducing the total moment of inertia of the structure. This increases axial load in the stringers, and thus the area, and weight, of the stringers must be increased. Some designs for hypersonic missiles have used liquid cooling of the leading edges (usually the fuel en route to the engine). The Sprint missile's heat shield needed several design iterations for Mach 10 temperatures.

Reentry vehicles
Heating caused by the very high reentry speeds (greater than Mach 20) is sufficient to destroy the vehicle unless special techniques are used. The early space capsules such as used on Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo were given blunt shapes to produce a stand-off bow shock, allowing most of the heat to dissipate into the surrounding air. Additionally, these vehicles had ablative material that sublimates into a gas at high temperature. The act of sublimation absorbs the thermal energy from the aerodynamic heating and erodes the material rather than heating the capsule. The surface of the heat shield for the Mercury spacecraft had a coating of aluminium with glassfiber in many layers. As the temperature rose to 1100 C the layers would evaporate and take the heat with it. The spacecraft would become hot but not harmfully so. The Space Shuttle used insulating tiles on its lower surface to absorb and radiate heat while preventing conduction to the aluminium airframe. Damage to the heat shield during liftoff of Space Shuttle Columbia contributed to its destruction upon reentry.

title: Aerodynamic heating


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Helen Schelle

Helen M. Schelle (1893 in Piqua, Ohio – 12 April 1984 in Piqua, Ohio) was co-founder of the toy manufacturing company Fisher-Price. Schelle was born in Piqua, Ohio and moved to New York as an adult, where by the middle of the 1920s, she had become owner and manager of the Penny Walker Toy Shop in Binghamton. This role saw Schelle established as a prominent and connected figure within the toy industry and in 1930, she was asked by financier Irving Price to join him as a partner in a new toy company he was starting. Alongside businessman Herman Fisher and Price's wife, Illustrator Margaret Evans Price, the Fisher-Price Company was formally established later that year in East Aurora, New York. Schelle undertook the role of secretary and treasurer. She resided in a cottage just outside the town, and also owned a farm.

Many of the company's early toys were the result of a collaboration between Schelle and Margaret Price, who together worked on their designs. Sixteen wooden toys were brought to the 1931 American International Toy Fair in New York City before later being introduced to the public through Macy's Department store. The toys' first year on the American market saw their placement on shelves in hundreds of stores throughout the country— an achievement partially attributed to Schelle's established contacts within the toy industry.

Schelle retired from Fisher-Price in 1957 and moved from New York back to her hometown of Piqua, Ohio. She died there on April 12, 1984, at the age of 91 and is buried at the Forest Hill Union Cemetery.

title: Helen Schelle


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Paul MacLean

Paul MacLean or Paul McLean may refer to:

 * Paul D. MacLean (1913–2007), doctor and scientist who did extensive research on the human brain
 * Paul McLean (politician) (born 1937), Australian advocate of banking reform and senator for New South Wales, 1987–1991
 * Paul McLean (rugby union) (born 1953), Australian rugby union player and administrator
 * Paul MacLean (ice hockey) (born 1958), former professional ice hockey player and former head coach of the Ottawa Senators
 * Paul McLean (footballer, born 1964), Scottish footballer
 * Paul McLean (footballer, born 1990), Scottish footballer who plays for Brechin City
 * Paul McLean (Australian footballer) (born 1965), Australian footballer for Fitzroy
 * Paul Maclean, younger brother to Norman Maclean

title: Paul MacLean


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User:Kralizec!

Feel free to leave a message on my talk page .

About
My first Wikipedia edit as a registered user was on 1 March 2005. After a unanimous RfA, I became an administrator on 11 December 2007. If you want to know more about me, you must be either lost or bored. Either way, this page is me in a nutshell. — Kralizec! (talk) 18:05, 6 October 2009 (UTC)

Ancient history
Born in rural Ohio in 1973, I am of Scotch-Irish descent and am the only child of a working-class father and white-collar mother. I was raised on a steady diet of PBS and attended the same public school district all 13 years. During my teen years I was a very active hospital volunteer, and I attended weekly Presbyterian church services with my grandparents from the time I was in seventh grade until I graduated from high school and moved away to college.

One of the best parts of my childhood was my family's love of travel. Of the 17 years I lived with my parents, we took multi-day, out-of-state vacations during fifteen of those years. Virtually every summer we would pack up the camper and enjoy a 5 - 15 day, 1500+ km long road-trip to somewhere interesting (four of our vacations saw us travel over 3000 km!). (see Travel below)

My Bachelor of Science degree was earned from Bowling Green State University where I initially majored in Health Care Administration, but eventually changed to Management information systems. Along the way, I also picked up a minor in Interpersonal communications. In college I was involved in student government and the Honors Student Association (despite not being an honors student). During four of my college years, I worked in the university's network services department. I also did a three month internship with a software developer in New England.

Recent history
In 1998 I married my college sweetheart. Our son was born in 2003; he is named after his great great great great great grandfather who emigrated from County Down, Ireland to the Colony of Pennsylvania in the mid-1700's. Our (fraternal) twin daughters were born in 2005; they are named after their various grand and great grandmothers. Our family also includes a dog, cat, and three tanks of tropical fish. The username 'Kralizec!' has been my handle (or .nic as we used to call it back in ye olde unix days) since 1993.

My employer from 1998 to 2008 was a midwestern bank, where I held a variety of information technology jobs. From 2003 to 2008 I served as a team leader in the company's network monitoring department, which because I worked four ten-hour days each week, I was able to keep our kids home with me three days every week (enabling me to enjoy being a semi-stay-at-home dad). After my employer was eaten by a competitor and I was subsequently downsized, in April 2008 I began doing IT contract work in the banking industry. Once my kids got old enough to join Scouting, I rekindled my love of the great outdoors, and stayed on as an adult helper even after my eldest Eagled-out.

Beliefs
Personally, I self-identify as being an agnostic secular humanist. On the American political spectrum I am a Moderate Republican with mostly conservative fiscal views (including being an advocate for fiscal responsibility) and moderate social views (including strong support for same-sex marriage, the environment, and the Lincoln Project) ... however some of my more conservative friends accuse me of being a Republican In Name Only. Despite being agnostic and a devout believer in Evolutionism, I semi-regularly attend services at our local Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.).

Interests
My interests and hobbies include spending quality time with my wife and three kids; travel (see below; by age 29, I had already been to 30 U.S. states and territories, 2 Canadian provinces, and 6 Australian states and territories); reading books (science and science fiction) and magazines (The Economist, National Geographic, Newsweek); amateur photography (primarily digital these days, via my Canon PowerShot SX200 IS); tropical fish (Mickey Mouse Platys); and strategy games, both on the computer (RTS, turn-based, and the historic city building genres, with Ikariam being my current top "time waster") as well as more traditional board games (such as Axis & Allies, Shogun, A Game of Thrones, Power Grid, etc.). Despite having never played any of the previous Pokemon card or console games, I am an avid Pokémon Go player on my smartphone. Additionally I often say that gluttony is my favourite sin, with Japanese cuisine (specifically sushi) and Chinese cuisine (especially Mandarin and Szechuan style) being my most favourite.

In my free time I moderate an email list on Palladium RPG's and often frequent the message boards at RPGnet.

Travel
Here are the places I have been to. Concept and general layout stolen from User:Calton who got it from User:Guettarda who borrowed it from User:White Cat.

By nation
The countries I have been to:

Spent years: 🇺🇸 United States

Months to weeks: 🇦🇺 Australia 🇨🇦 Canada

Weeks to days: 🇦🇹 Austria People's Republic of China 🇩🇪 Germany 🇨🇭 Switzerland

Less than a day: 🇫🇷 France 🇯🇵 Japan 🇱🇮 Liechtenstein

Detailed by region
The provinces, states, and territories I have been to:

Spent years:

🇺🇸 United States
 * Ohio

Months to weeks:

🇺🇸 United States
 * Florida
 * Illinois
 * Pennsylvania
 * South Carolina
 * Vermont
 * Wyoming

Weeks to days:

🇦🇺 Australia
 * New South Wales
 * Northern Territory
 * Queensland
 * Victoria

🇨🇦 Canada
 * Ontario

🇩🇪 Germany
 * Bavaria

🇺🇸 United States
 * Alabama
 * Arizona
 * Colorado
 * Kentucky
 * Maine
 * Michigan
 * Montana
 * Nevada
 * New Hampshire
 * New Mexico
 * New York
 * North Carolina
 * Oklahoma
 * Virginia
 * Washington

Days to hours:

🇦🇺 Australia
 * South Australia

🇦🇹 Austria
 * Lower Austria
 * Salzburg
 * Tyrol
 * Vienna

🇨🇦 Canada
 * New Brunswick
 * Nova Scotia

People's Republic of China
 * China Beijing.svg Beijing
 * China Chongqing.svg Chongqing
 * China Hubei.svg Hubei
 * China Shaanxi.svg Shaanxi
 * China Shanghai.svg Shanghai
 * China Tibet.svg Tibet Autonomous Region

🇩🇪 Germany
 * North Rhine-Westphalia
 * Rhineland-Palatinate

🇨🇭 Switzerland
 * Lucerne
 * Uri

🇺🇸 United States
 * California
 * Georgia (U.S. state)
 * Indiana
 * Maryland
 * Massachusetts
 * South Dakota
 * Washington, D.C.
 * Wisconsin

Less than a day (including airports and train stations):

🇦🇺 Australia
 * Australian Capital Territory

🇨🇦 Canada
 * Quebec

🇫🇷 France
 * Drapeau Haut-Rhin.svg Haut-Rhin

🇩🇪 Germany
 * Baden-Württemberg
 * Hesse

🇯🇵 Japan
 * Map of Japan with highlight on 12 Chiba prefecture.svg Chiba Prefecture

🇱🇮 Liechtenstein
 * LIE_Vaduz_COA.svg Vaduz

🇺🇸 United States
 * Connecticut
 * Iowa
 * Kansas
 * Rhode Island
 * Tennessee
 * West Virginia

Philosophy
Initially an adherent of Inclusionism, a few years ago I became a subscriber of Eventualism as a response to the large amount of non-notable, in-universe cruft seeping into the project. I also feel that process is important to the smooth operation of the project, however the natural prevalence of Instruction creep gives me pause.

Edit history
My first (anonymous) Wikipedia edits were in 2003. It was not until early 2005 that I finally broke down and became a registered user.

Pet peeve: Articles that link to disambiguation pages instead of the correct article are the bane of my existence. My personal nightmare must be the Oil disambiguation page with its 1000+ links. Arg!

Milestones:

 * 1st edit - RPGnet - 1 March 2005
 * 5th edit - Lorne, Victoria - 22 March 2005
 * 10th edit - Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario - 23 March 2005
 * 50th edit - David M. Walker (astronaut) - 10 April 2005
 * 100th edit - USS Canberra (CA-70) - 17 April 2005
 * 500th edit - File:USS Prince William (CVE-19).jpg - 5 September 2005
 * 1000th edit - Saparmurat Niyazov - 29 November 2005
 * 2500th edit - Category:Oslo class frigates - 2 June 2006
 * 5,000th edit - USS Chicago (SSN-721) - 14 March 2007
 * 10,000th edit - Administrators' noticeboard/Incidents - 17 October 2007
 * 15,000th edit - blocked  - 15 May 2008
 * 25,000th edit - pinged  - 26 February 2009

Administrivia
As a Wikipedia administrator, I am involved in several "back office" areas of the project. On a daily basis I process requests at Administrator intervention against vandalism as well as Requests for page protection. Additionally I often participate in administrative discussions at the Administrators' noticeboard and Administrators' noticeboard/Incidents. I also frequent Village pump (policy) for the discussion of existing and proposed policies and guidelines.

When it comes to blocking editors, I take the official Blocking policy very seriously. Sometimes this causes frustration for vandal fighters, as I will not make punitive blocks, and as per WP:IPB I do not hardblock IPs for long periods of time. Additionally as the blocking policy states that editors should be warned when their behaviour conflicts with our policies and guidelines, the length of time that I am willing to block an unregistered editor is directly proportional to the number of times that members of the Wikipedia community have tried to educate the IP. If an IP has only received one or two warnings, unless it is an especially egregious case of vandalism, I will rarely block the IP address for longer than six or twelve hours. Conversely, IPs that have received at least four warnings are rarely blocked for less than 31 hours.

Regarding other administrators, I feel that wheel warring is incredibly harmful to the project and as such I personally follow a zero-revert-rule (0RR) for the actions of other admins. If you disagree with another admin's administrative action, either take it up with that individual or bring it up for a community review at WP:AN/I. That said, if another administrator notices that I have made a mistake, they should feel free to correct it without any need to contact me first (however a courtesy note on my talk page would be appreciated so that I may learn from my mistakes).

Community recognition
On occasion my efforts have been recognized by members of the Wikipedia community.

Current
To date, I have had varying degrees of involvement with the following projects:

 * Australia - concentrating on the nation's maritime and military history
 * Maritime warfare task force - emphasis on world navies and naval battles
 * Oklahoma - mainly related to tourism areas in the state
 * Photography - amateur photography with a focus on architecture, landmarks, landscapes, and nature
 * Ships - primarily ships from the pre-Dreadnought era through the Cold War, with emphasis on WWI, WWII, and Cold War ship classes
 * Templates - focus on navigational templates
 * User warnings - keeping up with the latest discussions and developments, especially relating to new vandal warnings

Former
Projects from which I have retired:

 * History of Poland - mostly World War II-era naval ships of Poland and the historic Polish states
 * Ohio State Highways - mostly photography of various state routes

Recent changes patrol
While not a member of the recent changes patrol per se, there are several articles I watch very closely in order to prevent vandalism. They include:

 * Arab World
 * New Seven Wonders of the World
 * North American currency union
 * North American Union
 * Oklahoma City bombing
 * Pensacola Christian College
 * Seven Wonders of the Ancient World
 * Shia Islam
 * Twin
 * Wonders of the World

Contributions
This section is pretty long and boring ... but a lot shorter since I forked the category, disambiguation, photography, and template sections to their own pages. This area serves primarily as my own reference, especially when I need a template for starting a new article, category, template, or disambiguation page.

Articles
Listed below are the articles I created, de-stubbed, heavily contributed to, or are just generally proud of my contributions to:

 * 5-inch/54-caliber Mark 16 gun, a World War II-era naval artillery gun
 * Agawa Canyon in Ontario
 * Associated Banc-Corp, a bank holding company headquartered in Green Bay, Wisconsin
 * BancorpSouth, a bank holding company headquartered in Tupelo, Mississippi
 * HMAS Benalla (A 04), a Paluma class survey motor launch of the Royal Australian Navy
 * Blue Rock State Park in south-eastern Ohio
 * Boston-class cruiser in the United States Navy
 * HMAS Canberra (D33), a County class heavy cruiser of the Royal Australian Navy
 * Charles Moss Duke, Jr., an astronaut from the Apollo space program
 * Culture Shock (TV series) on the Travel Channel
 * David M. Walker, an astronaut from the Space Shuttle program
 * Ed Galloway's Totem Pole Park in Foyil, Oklahoma
 * First Citizens BancShares, a bank holding company headquartered in Raleigh, North Carolina
 * Galveston-class cruiser in the United States Navy
 * Gul Agha Sherzai of Afghanistan
 * Hwanggang Dam in North Korea
 * Krupp armour, a type of naval armour
 * List of Canadian islands by area, including population
 * List of islands of the United States by area, including population
 * List of Italian destroyers, primarily ships since World War I
 * List of ships of the Royal Moroccan Navy for the Kingdom of Morocco
 * List of ships of the United Arab Emirates, in reference to the UAE navy
 * List of United States Naval reactors, including builder, generation, and ship type
 * Lorne, Victoria in Australia
 * Major non-NATO ally of the United States
 * Mark VI monorail was the pre-1989 core of the Walt Disney World Monorail System
 * HMAS Mermaid (A 02), a Paluma class survey motor launch of the Royal Australian Navy
 * USS New Haven (1776), a ship of the Continental Navy that operated on on Lake Champlain during the Revolutionary War
 * New York Private Bank & Trust, a bank holding company headquartered in New York City
 * NGC 1600, an elliptical galaxy with an unusually large supermassive black hole
 * North American currency union, a theorized economic and monetary union of Canada, Mexico, and United States that is a popular conspiracy theory target
 * North American Union, the theoretical union of Canada, Mexico, and United States that is a popular target for conspiracy theories
 * Ohio History Connection in Columbus, Ohio
 * Oklahoma City bombing - I helped bring the article up to Good Article status
 * OLG Casino Sault Ste. Marie in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario
 * Oral Roberts University in Tulsa, Oklahoma
 * SMS Novara, a Rapidkreuzer-class light cruiser in the Austro-Hungarian Navy
 * HMAS Paluma (A 01), lead ship of her class of survey motor launches in the Royal Australian Navy
 * Pensacola Christian College in Pensacola, Florida
 * Portage River in northwest Ohio
 * Prayer Tower on the campus of ORU
 * PSR J0523−7125 an unusually bright pulsar in the Large Magellanic Cloud
 * Providence-class cruiser in the United States Navy
 * Ramona Valley AVA a wine region in Southern California
 * Raspberry Island in Alaska, the 64th largest island in the country
 * Rollersville, Ohio, an unincorporated community in Sandusky County, Ohio
 * Royal Moroccan Navy, the naval branch of the military of Morocco
 * S6W reactor, used by the United States Navy
 * Shenaz Treasurywala the Bollywood actress and model
 * South Financial Group, a bank holding company headquartered in Greenville, South Carolina
 * Southern Beekeeper's Nature Reserve a nature reserve in Western Australia
 * SPACEWAY-1, the DirecTV satellite
 * Super Tuesday, 2008, the date of the first multi-state primary elections held during the U.S. presidential election cycle
 * Super Tuesday II, 2008, the date of the second largest simultaneous number of state presidential primary elections
 * Vermilion Lighthouse in Vermilion, Ohio
 * The Web Planet, a 1965 episode from Doctor Who
 * Western Alliance Bancorporation, a bank holding company headquartered in Phoenix, Arizona
 * Wicher-class destroyer in the Polish navy

Photographs and images
To date, I have uploaded more than sixty of my own images to Wikipedia. They include photos taken in Australia (Northern Territory, Victoria), Canada (Ontario), the United States (primarily Ohio and Oklahoma, but also including Illinois, Michigan, and West Virginia), and a couple of map illustrations.

Disambiguation pages
Despite my disdain for them, disambiguation pages do serve a purpose. I have even created a few.

Categories
So far I have created over fifty categories. A large number of them have a naval theme and stem from my participation in WikiProject Ships.

Redirects
For ease of navigation, I have created heaps of redirects during my time here at Wikipedia. However, when I create a redirect, I am always sure to use one of the tags specified in Redirect.

Templates
Templates can be a powerful navigational tool for browsing closely related topics. Currently I have started or heavily edited around twenty-five templates, many of them in conjunction with my participation in the Ships WikiProject.

Contact info

 * Email me

title: User:Kralizec!


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Jan Stephenson

Jan Lynn Stephenson (born 22 December 1951) is an Australian professional golfer. She became a member of the LPGA Tour in 1974 and won three major championships and 16 LPGA Tour events. She has 41 worldwide victories including (10) LPGA Legends Tour wins and 8 worldwide major championships. She has 15 holes-in-one with (9) in competition. She was elected to the World Golf Hall of Fame, class of 2019.

Early life and amateur career
Stephenson was born on 22 December 1951 in Sydney. While a teenager, she won five consecutive New South Wales Schoolgirl Championships in Australia, beginning in 1964, and followed that up with three straight wins in the New South Wales Junior Championship.

Professional career
Stephenson turned professional in 1973 and won the Wills Australian Ladies Open that year. She joined the LPGA Tour in 1974 and was named LPGA Rookie of the Year.

Stephenson's first LPGA victory was the 1976 Sarah Coventry Naples Classic. Her most productive period was the early 1980s, when she won all of her majors in consecutive years: 1981 Peter Jackson Classic, the 1982 LPGA Championship and the 1983 U.S. Women's Open.

Stephenson was one of the first LPGA stars to openly embrace and champion a sex-sells approach to marketing. Stephenson became as famous for her sex appeal as her golf during the early to mid-1980s, when she posed in a bathtub – covered up only by the golf balls filling the tub – and later in a pinup calendar. She urged the LPGA Tour to fully embrace her approach to marketing.

On the golf course, Stephenson won three times each in 1981, 1983 and 1987, those wins in 1987 being her final ones on the LPGA. Stephenson continued playing LPGA events throughout the 1990s, but was hampered by an injury incurred during a mugging in Miami in 1990. Her left ring finger was broken in two places, an injury that still bothers her play in cold or wet weather.

Stephenson went on to win on the Women's Senior Golf Tour, a tour she helped found. In 2003, she became the first woman to play on the Champions Tour at the Turtle Bay Championship, where she finished in last place. Stephenson is among the few women in the course design business, and produced an exercise video for people with arthritis. Her many charitable efforts include being an honorary chairman of the National Multiple Sclerosis Society.

Stephenson was inducted into the Sport Australia Hall of Fame in 1985. She was a contestant in the 2011 season of Dancing with the Stars on Channel Seven.

Stephenson is an Ambassador for blind and disabled golf through ISPS Handa and has acquired Tarpon Woods Golf Club in Palm Harbor through her Foundation (Jan Stephenson's Crossroads Foundation) www.jscrossroads.com. The golf course provides initiatives for blind/disabled and wounded veterans and first responders. Her mission is, "Giving to Those that have Given so Much". She has been recognised for her philanthropic work by the Government of Australia and other charitable organisations. She was awarded recognition by the Military Order of the Purple Heart in October 2017 for her service to combat wounded/disabled/blind veterans and first responders. Her Foundation was awarded the Charity of the Year by the Palm Harbor Chamber of Commerce in September 2018.

In the 2018 Australia Day Honours, Stephenson was awarded a Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM) ‘for service to golf, and to not-for-profit organisations’.

Controversy
Stephenson made a controversial remark in 2003 when she said "Asians are killing the (LPGA) Tour", referring to the large number of Korean-born players who were winning on tour, and calling for quotas on international players – although she was also an international player she believed that the LPGA should focus on American players. She later apologised, saying that she "did not intend to make it a racial issue."

LPGA Tour (16)
LPGA Tour playoff record (0–4)

ALPG Tour (2)

 * 1973 (1) Wills Australian Ladies Open
 * 1977 (1) Wills Qantas Australian Ladies Open

Ladies European Tour (1)

 * 1985 (1) Hennessy Cognac Ladies Cup

LPGA of Japan Tour (2)

 * 1981 (1) World Ladies
 * 1985 (1) Nichirei Ladies Cup

Legends Tour (4)

 * 2000 HyVee Classic
 * 2005 BJ's Charity Championship	(with Cindy Rarick; tie with Pat Bradley and Patty Sheehan)
 * 2007 Handa Australia Cup
 * 2021 BJ's Charity Championship (with Laura Diaz)

Other (2)

 * 1983 JCPenney Mixed Team Classic (with Fred Couples)
 * 1990 JCPenney/LPGA Skins Game

Team appearances
Amateur
 * Tasman Cup (representing Australia): 1970 (winners)

Professional
 * Handa Cup (representing World team): 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2012 (tie), 2013 (winners), 2015

title: Jan Stephenson


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Particle acceleration

In acoustics, particle acceleration is the acceleration (rate of change in speed and direction) of particles in a sound transmission medium. When sound passes through a medium it causes particle displacement and as such causes changes in their acceleration.

The acceleration of the air particles of a plane sound wave is given by: $$ a = \delta \cdot \omega^2 = v \cdot \omega = \frac{p \cdot \omega}{Z} = \omega \sqrt \frac{J}{Z} = \omega \sqrt \frac{E}{\rho} = \omega \sqrt \frac{P_\text{ac}}{Z \cdot A} $$

title: Particle acceleration