text:
List of diamond mines

There are a limited number of commercially available diamond mines currently operating in the world, with the 50 largest mines accounting for approximately 90% of global supply. Diamonds are also mined alluvially over disperse areas, where diamonds have been eroded out of the ground, deposited, and concentrated by water or weather action. There is also at least one example of a heritage diamond mine (Crater of Diamonds State Park).

Angola

 * Catoca diamond mine
 * Fucauma diamond mine
 * Luarica diamond mine

Botswana

 * Damtshaa diamond mine
 * Jwaneng diamond mine
 * Letlhakane diamond mine
 * Orapa diamond mine
 * Karowe diamond mine
 * Lerala diamond mine

South Africa

 * Baken diamond mine
 * Cullinan diamond mine (previously "Premier mine")
 * Finsch diamond mine
 * Kimberley, Northern Cape
 * Koffiefontein mine
 * Venetia diamond mine
 * Royal Thulare Mine

Others
Kao diamond mine, Lesotho
 * Baba Diamond Fields, Zimbabwe
 * Marange diamond fields, Zimbabwe
 * Murowa diamond mine, Zimbabwe
 * Williamson diamond mine, Tanzania
 * Letseng diamond mine, Lesotho
 * Miba, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Russia

 * Mirny GOK
 * Udachny GOK
 * Jubilee
 * Grib
 * Aykhal
 * Komsomolskaya diamond mine
 * International
 * Zarnitsa mine
 * Zarnitsa mine

India

 * Kollur Mine
 * Panna

Indonesia

 * Martapura

Australia

 * Argyle diamond mine
 * Merlin diamond mine
 * Ellendale diamond mine

Canada

 * Diavik Diamond Mine, Northwest Territories
 * Ekati Diamond Mine, Northwest Territories
 * Jericho Diamond Mine, Nunavut
 * Snap Lake Diamond Mine, Northwest Territories
 * Victor Diamond Mine, Ontario
 * Gahcho Kue Diamond Mine Project, Northwest Territories
 * Renard Diamond Mine, Quebec

United States

 * Crater of Diamonds State Park, Arkansas (Former mine now a state park)
 * Kelsey Lake Diamond Mine, Colorado (Former mine no longer in operation)

title: List of diamond mines


text:
Bahamas Democratic Movement

The Bahamas Democratic Movement (BDM) is a liberal-populist political party in the Bahamas representing the interests of young people.

Party formation of Bahamas Democratic Movement
The party was formed in late 1998 in Nassau, Bahamas and was officially launched in February 2000. The party's founders included: Cassius Stuart, Howard R. Johnson, Dario Roberts, George Carey and a number of then-students of the College of the Bahamas. The party was formed due to a shared belief held by the founding group that many Caribbean governments, specifically successive Bahamian governments, failed to incorporate young persons (under the age of 30) in the decision-making processes of government at any level. This particular view stemmed from the fact that, at the time, over 60% of the country's population was under the age of 30 years. Stuart and his followers believed that it was incumbent upon the government to have young persons play a more significant role in the governance of the country as opposed to merely "using them for their votes" in the period leading up to general elections. Immediately following victory at the polls, however, Stuart and his followers contended that young persons were given no official governmental roles with any real political power. The current leader of the BDM is Cassius Stuart. Omar Smith serves as Deputy Leader of the party.

Party split
Within a year of the party's formation, Johnson, Carey, Roberts and others left the BDM, citing methodological differences with Stuart as the primary reason for their departure. Soon after their departure, Johnson, Carey, Roberts and others joined the Coalition for Democratic Reform (CDR), a different party.

The Mace incident
On 3 December 2001, Stuart and Smith dominated the national news when they intentionally disrupted the Sitting of the House of Assembly. Both men charged from the Public Gallery onto the House floor and handcuffed themselves to the Mace – a symbol of the House Speaker's authority – in protest against the "unfair gerrymandering of the constituency boundaries by the FNM Administration". The Mace was unable to be separated from the men and, thus, the Sitting had to be suspended. The pair were jailed for almost two days but no charges were brought against them. Ironically, the BDM's Mace Incident was strikingly similar to an event of important political significance in Bahamian history known as Black Tuesday. On that particular day, 15 April 1965, then-leader of the opposition and former Prime Minister, Sir Lynden Pindling threw the Mace out of the House of Assembly window in protest against the unfair gerrymandering of constituency boundaries of the then United Bahamian Party (UBP) government.

2002 general elections
The BDM contested 12 of the 40 parliamentary seats in the general elections of 2002, winning no seats and less than 1% of the total votes cast. Despite its poor performance at the polls, the BDM enjoys widespread admiration as well as criticism from the Bahamian public. Their support comes mainly from individuals under the age of 30. To date, the BDM has been unable to effectively mobilize and organize the under 30 group to show up at the polls and support the party. Critics of the BDM claim that Stuart and Smith often engage in radical political action to 'grandstand' and claim that this behavior ultimately precludes the organization from fading into obscurity.

Prime Minister blocked from entering Parliament
On 24 March 2005, Stuart and Smith again dominated the national news when they briefly prevented Prime Minister Perry Christie from accessing the House of Assembly. It was a dramatic end to a protest taking place in the immediate vicinity of the Parliament against the government's move to bring a resolution to Parliament, giving a government Member of Parliament (MP) more time to appeal a bankruptcy order against them. The BDM claimed that the government would be abusing its constitutional authority in passing the resolution. This argument had its basis on a requirement, in the Constitution of The Bahamas, that any MP who is declared bankrupt by the Courts must vacate his or her seat in the Parliament. Stuart and Smith were again arrested in the wake of the incident but the pair has yet to be charged before the Bahamian courts.

Party dissolved
On 13 April 2011, the party dissolved its constitution to join forces with the then-governing Free National Movement led by Rt. Hon Hubert Ingraham. Stuart contested the Bamboo town Seat for the Free National Movement but fell short by 340 votes of a win over Renward Wells. Six months after joining the Free National Movement, Stuart left the party because he didn't believe in the new leadership of the party under Hubert Minnis.

Party revived
On 6 July 2020, after nine years outside of the political arena, Cassius Stuart expressed the need for the party to return to the political scene. Much like before, the party claims that there is no clear direction for the country on the part of the government and has been critical of Hubert Minnis, claiming he shows weak national leadership.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Bahamas Democratic Movement


text:
Interconnection

In telecommunications, interconnection is the physical linking of a carrier's network with equipment or facilities not belonging to that network. The term may refer to a connection between a carrier's facilities and the equipment belonging to its customer, or to a connection between two or more carriers.

In United States regulatory law, interconnection is specifically defined (47 C.F.R. 51.5) as "the linking of two or more networks for the mutual exchange of traffic."

One of the primary tools used by regulators to introduce competition in telecommunications markets has been to impose interconnection requirements on dominant carriers.

United States
Under the Bell System monopoly (post Communications Act of 1934), the Bell System owned the phones and did not allow interconnection, either of separate phones (or other terminal equipment) or of other networks; a popular saying was "Ma Bell has you by the calls".

This began to change in the landmark case Hush-A-Phone v. United States [1956], which allowed some non-Bell owned equipment to be connected to the network, and was followed by a number of other cases, regulatory decisions, and legislation that led to the transformation of the American long distance telephone industry from a monopoly to a competitive business.

This further changed in FCC's Carterfone decision in 1968, which required the Bell System companies to permit interconnection by radio-telephone operators.

Today the standard electrical connector for interconnection in the US, and much of the world, is the registered jack family of standards, especially RJ11. This was introduced by the Bell System in the 1970s, following a 1976 FCC order. Since then, it has gained popularity worldwide, and is a de facto international standard.

Europe
Outside of the U.S., Interconnection or "Interconnect regimes" also take into account the associated commercial arrangements. As an example of the use of commercial arrangements, the focus by the EU has been on "encouraging" incumbents to offer bundles of network features that will enable competitors to provide services that compete directly with the incumbent. Further the interconnect regime decided upon by the regulator has a major impact on the development/rate of growth of market segments. According to Source8 (an EU based consultancy) two examples from the UK of this are:
 * The decision about revenue sharing on local rate numbers was a contributory factor in the explosive growth in dial internet.
 * The asynchronous reciprocity that exists between fixed and mobile termination rates.

US regulation

 * Category:United States federal communications legislation

title: Interconnection


text:
Divergent synthesis

In chemistry a divergent synthesis is a strategy with the aim to improve the efficiency of chemical synthesis. It is often an alternative to convergent synthesis or linear synthesis.

In one strategy divergent synthesis aims to generate a library of chemical compounds by first reacting a molecule with a set of reactants. The next generation of compounds is generated by further reactions with each compound in generation 1. This methodology quickly diverges to large numbers of new compounds

 * A generates A1, A2, A3, A4, A5 in generation 1
 * A1 generates A11, A12, A13 in generation 2 and so on.

An entire library of new chemical compounds, for instance saccharides, can be screened for desirable properties. In another strategy divergent synthesis starts from a molecule as a central core from which successive generations of building blocks are added. A good example is the divergent synthesis of dendrimers, for example, where in each generation a new monomer reacts to the growing surface of the sphere.

Diversity oriented synthesis
Diversity oriented synthesis or DOS is a strategy for quick access to molecule libraries with an emphasis on skeletal diversity. In one such application a Petasis reaction product (1) is functionalized with propargyl bromide leading to a starting compound (2) having 5 functional groups. This molecule can be subjected to a range of reagents yielding unique molecular skeletons in one generation.

DOS Drugs

 * 1) Dosabulin
 * 2) Gemmacin B
 * 3) ML238
 * 4) Robotnikinin

title: Divergent synthesis


text:
Toxocaridae

The Toxocaridae are a zoonotic family of parasitic nematodes that infect canids and felids and which cause toxocariasis in humans (visceral larva migrans and ocular larva migrans). The worms are unable to reproduce in humans.

Notable species include:
 * Toxocara canis, which infects dogs.
 * Toxocara cati, which infects cats and lacks intermediate hosts.
 * Toxascaris leonina, which infects mostly cats, but also dogs.
 * Toxocara malayasiensis, which infects cats.
 * Toxocara vitulorum, which infects buffalo and cattle.

Infection
Infection by T. canis or T. cati can cause various clinical manifestations. One of these is visceral larva migrans, wherein the larvae are unable to develop in humans as they do in cats and dogs, their natural hosts. Arrested development leaves the larvae to wander aimlessly in the body, causing inflammation, most commonly in the liver and lungs.

Eggs are introduced into the body through ingestion. This can occur when eggs are deposited on the hands or face, after handling infected dogs or cats. In some cases, they can also get them from undercooked meat. In children without exposure to animals, eggs can be introduced by directly ingesting egg-contaminated soil while playing in a yard or on a playground. Usually, the scenario involves a young child with a new puppy. Unfortunately, many young children who have been infected with these larvae, causing ocular larva migrans in the eye, have been misdiagnosed to have retinoblastoma and have had their eyes erroneously removed.

Diagnosis
Direct identification of larvae in human disease is not feasible, so the diagnosis relies on history supported by serologic ELISA assay. The most sensitive assay, called excretory/secretory (E/S), contains 96 immunogenic antigens isolated from cultured T. canis larvae.

Prevention
A number of products supplied by veterinarians can prevent or treat infections with this parasite. A great deal of information on this subject can be found on the computer sites maintained by the Companion Animal Parasite Council.

Treatment
Visceral toxocariasis in humans (or dogs) can be treated with antiparasitic drugs such as albendazole or mebendazole, usually in combination with anti-inflammatory medications. Treatment for ocular larva migrans is to kill the larvae with a laser to prevent further damage, although some loss of vision in the affected eye is irreversible.

Association with asthma
Infection with Toxocara has been shown to stimulate atopic disease, specifically asthma. Infection with this parasite causes asthma-like symptoms such as accumulation of eosinophils, an inflammatory response, and production of IgE, the immunoglobulins associated with allergic responses. People with asthma are shown to have a higher prevalence of Toxocara seropositivity. Research suggests that the IgE production stimulated by infection with Toxocara may contribute to the onsets of allergic asthma in children. The effects of how parasite load, frequency of exposure, and influence of genetics affect this relationship between Toxocara infection and allergic asthma are still unknown, yet important in understanding how to prevent asthma and other atopic diseases around the globe.

title: Toxocaridae


text:
User:Pythagoras1~enwiki

My Profile is located on the german-language Gentoo-Wiki.

→ http://de.gentoo-wiki.com/Benutzer:Pythagoras1

title: User:Pythagoras1~enwiki


text:
727

727 may refer to:
 * Boeing 727, an airliner
 * AD 727, a year
 * 727 BC, a year
 * 727 (number), a number
 * "727", a song by The Box Tops from the album Cry Like a Baby
 * 7/27, a 2016 album by Fifth Harmony
 * Area code 727, for telephones in Pinellas County, Florida
 * USS Michigan (SSBN-727), a U.S. ballistic missile submarine
 * Jet 727, a bus service in Aberdeen, Scotland

title: 727


text:
North Atlantic Council

The North Atlantic Council (NAC) is the principal political decision-making body of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), consisting of permanent representatives of its member countries. It was established by Article 9 of the North Atlantic Treaty, and it is the only body in NATO that derives its authority explicitly from the treaty.

Powers and duties
The North Atlantic Treaty gave the NAC the power to set up subsidiary bodies for various policy functions, including a defense committee to implement other parts of the treaty. Since 1952, the NAC has been in permanent session. The NAC can be held at the Permanent Representative Level (PermReps), or can be composed of member states' Ministers of State, Defense, or Heads of Government. The NAC has the same powers regardless of the formation under which it meets. The NAC meets twice a week: every Tuesday, for an informal lunch discussion; and every Wednesday for a decision-taking session. Usually, meetings occur amongst the permanent representatives who are the senior permanent member of each delegation and is generally a senior civil servant or an experienced ambassador (and holding that diplomatic rank). The list of permanent representatives may be found on the NATO website.

The 32 members of NATO have diplomatic missions to the organization through embassies in Belgium. The meetings of the NAC are chaired by the Secretary General and, when decisions have to be made, action is agreed upon on the basis of unanimity and common accord. There is no voting or decision by majority. Each nation represented at the NAC table or on any of its subordinate committees retains complete sovereignty and responsibility for its own decisions.

Composition
Each member nation is normally represented on the North Atlantic Council by an Ambassador or Permanent Representative supported by a national delegation composed of advisers and officials who represent their country on different NATO committees.

title: North Atlantic Council


text:
User:Truckmen

This word, as far I am familiar with it, came from a term used to address those men of earlier 20th century who drove the trucks. And this term seems to be almost completely devoid of use.

Only once and early in my 30+-year, over-the-road, (long distance, irregular route non-union) trucking career, I came across this term while waiting to load or unload freight in New Jersey. The man in charge of the location where I was waiting addressed me as a truckmen and in fact offering me a cup of coffee (almost as rare an occurrence also, by the way) letting me know of what was to be a short delay. It sounded really good to be called a truckmen (at the time). So it stuck. I took it on as my nickname and web handle whenever and where ever possible. After a 10 year hiatus, I am (at this writing) back to "jamming gears" and I decided to keep the "handle" as a reminder of where I've been as well as keeping it alive out of tradition.

title: User:Truckmen


text:
717 (disambiguation)

717 may refer to:
 * 717 BC: a year.
 * 717: a year.
 * Boeing 717
 * Boeing 717, an airliner, the former MD-95
 * Boeing 720, an airliner designated as the 717 during development
 * Boeing C-135 Stratolifter, internal Boeing product code of 717
 * 717 (number): a number.
 * Area code 717, for telephones in southern Pennsylvania under the North American Numbering Plan
 * British Rail Class 717, a train for services from London's Moorgate station

title: 717 (disambiguation)


text:
Dick Stockton

Richard Edward Stokvis (born November 22, 1942), known professionally as Dick Stockton, is an American retired sportscaster. Stockton began his career in Philadelphia, then moved to Pittsburgh, where he worked as the sports director for KDKA-TV. In Boston, he called Celtics games for WBZ-TV and Red Sox games for WSBK-TV before transitioning to national broadcasting, which included calling the 1975 World Series for NBC and later, the NBA Finals for CBS. In a career that spanned over five decades, Stockton worked for several different networks, most prominently CBS Sports, Fox Sports, and Turner Sports.

Early life and career
Stockton was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Joseph and Beatrice Stokvis. He has one older sister, Irene. He attended Forest Hills High School in Queens, New York, graduating in 1960. He went on to college at Syracuse University, where he received his degree in political science in 1964. At Syracuse, he was sports director at WAER. He was inducted into the WAER Hall of Fame on October 12, 2016. In 1965, he began his sportscasting career at local radio and television stations in Philadelphia. He became sports director at KDKA-TV in Pittsburgh in 1967, and moved to WBZ-TV and WBZ radio in Boston in 1971. Three years later, he began calling Boston Celtics telecasts for WBZ, and the following year he became the lead announcer for Boston Red Sox games on WSBK-TV. Stockton was part of the broadcast crew for NBC Sports' coverage of the 1975 World Series, and on television called Carlton Fisk's famous, game-winning home run in Game 6 of that series as follows: There it goes! A long drive. . . . if it stays fair. . . . home run!

Stockton stayed silent as Fisk rounded the bases, waiting until he made his way into the Red Sox dugout before proclaiming: "We will have a seventh game in this 1975 World Series."

CBS Sports
Stockton started freelancing for CBS Sports in the late 1960s, while still doing local television at KDKA-TV in Pittsburgh. In 1978 (following a two-year stint calling NFL games for NBC), he joined CBS full-time, and from then until 1994 covered a variety of sports for that network, including the NFL, the NBA (for which Stockton was the lead play-by-play man from 1981 to 1990), Major League Baseball and NCAA Basketball, including ten years as a play-by-play broadcaster of the NCAA Regional finals. Stockton also was the host at the famous upset of Villanova over Georgetown in 1985.

On January 23, 1972, he filled-in for Jim Gordon who was not in Boston for the Buffalo-Boston NHL game on CBS, working the game with Dan Kelly. As previously mentioned, although Stockton was doing some work for The NFL on CBS, was also at the time a sports anchor for WBZ-TV in Boston.

Also while at CBS Sports, he called nine NBA Finals, including the 1984, 1985 and 1987 finals between the Los Angeles Lakers and Boston Celtics. Stockton partnered with Bill Russell to call the finals from 1982 to 1983, Tom Heinsohn for the finals from 1984 to 1987, Billy Cunningham for the 1988 finals, and Hubie Brown for the 1989 and 1990 finals.

On May 7, 1989, Stockton and Hubie Brown, were behind the microphone for the fifth and decisive game for the NBA's Eastern Conference First round playoff series between the Chicago Bulls and Cleveland Cavaliers. The game was highlighted by a buzzer-beater shot by Michael Jordan to give the Bulls a 101–100 win and clinch a series victory.

"Sellers has Jordan. Jordan with 2 seconds to go, puts it up and scores! At the buzzer! Michael Jordan has won it for Chicago! Michael Jordan hit the basket at the buzzer as a disconsolate Lenny Wilkens leaves the floor. And for the second time today, the visiting team has won a deciding game in an opening round series. And the Chicago Bulls will move on to play the New York Knicks in a best-of-7."

CBS would lose their broadcasting rights to the NBA to NBC following the 1989–90 season. At the end of CBS' coverage of Game 5 of the 1990 NBA Finals, Stockton signed off with the following message: Well, I guess now the time has come. This is our last game as many of you may know. And it's really the end of a 17-year love affair between CBS and the NBA. For every member of our broadcast team and I mean technicians, and cameramen, production people, the terrifically talented folks in the truck, where it all happens, and of course...the commentators, this has been an extraordinary experience. We've witnessed the careers of Julius Erving and Larry Bird and Magic Johnson. We've seen Michael Jordan take flight. All the players actually...fired the imagination not only for an entire generation of NBA fans but for all of us at CBS. We know we leave the NBA in good hands. But to Isiah and Akeem and Patrick and David Robinson, to all the players, coaches...and you the viewers, we're going to miss all of you. So long!

In 2001, Stockton was inducted as a broadcaster into the Naismith Basketball Hall of Fame.

As previously mentioned, Stockton called Major League Baseball for CBS from 1990 to 1992. Working alongside Jim Kaat, Stockton was the number #2 play-by-play man behind Jack Buck and subsequently Sean McDonough. He and Kaat also called the American League Championship Series during that time period. It was initially speculated that Stockton would not have been available to contribute as the secondary play-by-play announcer due to his football and basketball commitments for CBS. Stockton would, however, be replaced by Greg Gumbel in 1993.

For the Game 5 of the 1991 ALCS between the Minnesota Twins and Toronto Blue Jays, Stockton called the final out by saying "And the Minnesota Twins have gone from the cellar to the penthouse in the American League." The following year in Game 4 of the ALCS between Toronto and the Oakland Athletics, Stockton described Roberto Alomar's game-tying home run off of Oakland closer Dennis Eckersley by saying “A drive to right field, Sierra going back, looking up and this game is tied! Roberto Alomar!”

In addition, he was the host of the Pan American Games in San Juan in 1979, and covered swimming and diving at the Pan American Games in Edmonton and Caracas. Stockton also broadcast the World Swimming and Diving Championships in Guayaquil, Ecuador, the World Basketball Championships in Cali, Colombia, and the World Figure Skating Championships in Helsinki in the first year that CBS acquired the rights. When CBS began covering the Winter Olympics, Stockton was assigned to cover skiing in France in 1992 and two years later, he called the speed skating events in the 1994 Norway Games including Dan Jansen's record-breaking triumph of the 1000 meter gold medal as well as the gold medal victories of Bonnie Blair.

Fox Sports
Stockton left CBS in 1994 for the newly formed Fox Sports, who continued to employ him on NFL broadcasts up until Stockton announced his retirement in March 2021.

Stockton called Major League Baseball telecasts for the Fox broadcast network/FX in some shape or form from 1997 through 2013.

From the time he was hired until 2006, he was Fox's second-team announcer for NFL games (behind Pat Summerall and later, Joe Buck), working alongside Matt Millen and then Troy Aikman, Daryl Johnston, and Tony Siragusa. For Fox's MLB coverage, he has partnered with Eric Karros, Joe Girardi, Mark Grace and Tim McCarver and others. He most recently worked with Mark Schlereth for football.

Additionally, he called a limited slate of college basketball games on FS1 for 3 seasons from 2013-2016.

Turner Sports
From 1995 to 2015, Stockton called NBA telecasts for Turner's TNT channel. From to 2013, Stockton called postseason Major League Baseball games on TBS. In 2007, he partnered with Ron Darling to call the National League Division Series between the Arizona Diamondbacks and Chicago Cubs for the network. In, he called the AL Central tiebreaker game between the Minnesota Twins and Chicago White Sox with Darling and Harold Reynolds, followed by the NLDS between the Chicago Cubs and Los Angeles Dodgers with Darling and Tony Gwynn. In, he teamed with Bob Brenly to call the NLDS between the Los Angeles Dodgers and St. Louis Cardinals for TBS, and the two worked the NLDS every year until 2014. Stockton split play-by-play duties during the regular season on TBS with NBA on TNT studio host Ernie Johnson Jr. and Milwaukee Brewers announcer Brian Anderson. In, he partnered with Ron Darling and John Smoltz to call Game 5 of the National League Division Series between the Philadelphia Phillies and St. Louis Cardinals when his regular partner Brenly was away.

Dick Stockton's performance on TBS' baseball telecasts hasn't been without criticism. For instance, during the 2013 NLDS (St. Louis vs. Pittsburgh), he was cited as often misidentifying players, generally appearing confused at times, and never having hosting chemistry with his analyst Bob Brenly.

Other
From 1993 to 1995, Stockton also called local TV broadcasts of the Oakland Athletics. In 2004, he began doing part-time local television work for the San Antonio Spurs, this role lasted three seasons until 2007. Stockton called Super Bowl XXXVIII alongside Daryl Johnston and Super Bowl XLII alongside Sterling Sharpe on the international feed, provided by the NFL Network. This is the feed used by the BBC and certain other English-language broadcasters outside North America. Starting in 2010, Dick assumed play-by-play duties for Miami Dolphins preseason games on WFOR; he substituted for Jimmy Cefalo as play-by-play on the Dolphins' radio call of the team's Monday Night Football game against the New England Patriots on October 4, 2010.

Stockton did the play-by-play commentary for NFL Fever 2000 alongside Matt Millen.

In 2017, Stockton launched his own podcast entitled Stockton!, where he interviewed famous athletes.

On March 25, 2021, Stockton announced his retirement from broadcasting.

Personal life
Stockton is wed to Jamie Drinkwater. The couple were married on July 31, 2014, at her family's home in New York on the St. Lawrence River. They divide their time between homes in Boca Raton, Florida and Carefree, Arizona. Stockton's previous marriage to sportscaster Lesley Visser ended in divorce in 2010.

Career timeline

 * 1974–1975: Boston Celtics TV play-by-play (WBZ-TV)
 * 1975–1976: New York Knicks TV play-by-play (WOR-TV)
 * 1975–1978: Boston Red Sox TV play-by-play (WSBK-TV)
 * 1976–1977: NFL on NBC play-by-play
 * 1978–1993: NFL on CBS play-by-play
 * 1981–1990: NBA on CBS lead play-by-play
 * 1983–1995: College Basketball on CBS Sports
 * 1990–1992: Major League Baseball on CBS #2 play-by-play
 * 1992–1994: Olympics on CBS announcer
 * 1993–1995: Oakland Athletics TV play-by-play (KRON-TV)
 * 1994–2020: Fox NFL play-by-play (1994–2006: #2, 2007–2010: #3, 2011–2012: #4, 2013–2019: #6, 2020: #7)
 * 1995–2015: NBA on TNT play-by-play
 * 1995: NHL on Fox play-by-play
 * 1997–2013: Fox Major League Baseball play-by-play
 * 2004–2007: San Antonio Spurs TV play-by-play (part-time)
 * 2007–2015: Major League Baseball on TBS Division Series play-by-play (2007–2013), lead play-by-play (2007–2013), part-time play-by-play (2014–2015)
 * 2010–2020: Miami Dolphins Preseason TV play-by-play
 * 2010: BCS on Fox Orange Bowl play-by-play
 * 2013–2014: College Football on Fox fill-in play-by-play
 * 2013–2016: Fox College Hoops play-by-play

title: Dick Stockton


text: Category:Brazilian geologists

title: Category:Brazilian geologists


text:
Antonio Sant'Elia

Antonio Sant'Elia (30 April 1888 – 10 October 1916) was an Italian architect and a key member of the Futurist movement in architecture. He left behind almost no completed works of architecture and is primarily remembered for his bold sketches and influence on modern architecture.

Early years
Antonio Sant'Elia was born in Como, Lombardy. A builder by training, he studied at the Brera Academy in Milan with Giuseppe Mentessi, and then at the University of Bologna, where he graduated in architecture in 1912. The same year, he opened a design office in Milan and became involved with the Futurist movement after meeting with Filippo Tommaso Marinetti.

Writing
The Manifesto of Futurist Architecture was published in Lacerba in August 1914. It has been attributed to Sant'Elia, though some historians dispute this. In it, the author states that "The decorative value of Futurist architecture depends solely on the use and original arrangement of raw or bare or violently colored materials". Sant'Elia's vision consisted in an industrialized and mechanized city of the future, which he saw not as a conglomerate of individual buildings but a vast, multi-level, interconnected and integrated urban conurbation designed around the "life" of the city.

Work
Between 1912 and 1914, influenced by the United States urban landscape as well as by architects such as Otto Wagner, Adolf Loos, and Renzo Picasso, Sant'Elia started working on a series of sketches for a futurist "Città Nuova" ("New City") designed to symbolize a new age. Many of his drawings were exhibited at the only show of the Nuove Tendenze group (of which he was a member) in May-June 1914 at the Famiglia Artistica gallery in Milan. Today, about 170 of his works on paper are on permanent display as part of the collection of Pinacoteca Civica di Palazzo Volpi, Como. Sant'Elia's work featured vast monolithic skyscraper buildings with terraces, bridges and aerial walkways that embodied the sheer excitement of modern architecture and technology. His monumentalism, however, was also influenced by Art Nouveau architect Giuseppe Sommaruga.

A nationalist as well as an irredentist, Sant'Elia, together with other futurists such as Mario Sironi, Umberto Boccioni and Marinetti, joined the Italian army as Italy entered World War I in 1915. Sant'Elia was killed during the Eighth Battle of the Isonzo, near Gorizia, in 1916.

Legacy
Sant'Elia left behind very few examples of his architecture work. Among those are Villa Elisi in San Maurizio (nowadays a subdivision of Brunate), and a War Memorial in Como. The latter was completed by Giuseppe Terragni in 1933. Though most of Sant'Elia's designs were never realized, his utopian vision turned out to be quite influential for generations to come. Sant'Elia is often cited as a precursor to architects such as John Portman and Helmut Jahn. The production design of dystopian films like Fritz Lang's 1927 Metropolis and Ridley Scott's 1982 Hollywood movie Blade Runner is also indebted to Sant'Elia's ideas.

Works

 * La Città Nuova, 1914

title: Antonio Sant'Elia


text:
Jeffrey Ullman

Jeffrey David Ullman (born November 22, 1942) is an American computer scientist and the Stanford W. Ascherman Professor of Engineering, Emeritus, at Stanford University. His textbooks on compilers (various editions are popularly known as the dragon book), theory of computation (also known as the Cinderella book), data structures, and databases are regarded as standards in their fields. He and his long-time collaborator Alfred Aho are the recipients of the 2020 Turing Award, generally recognized as the highest distinction in computer science.

Career
Ullman received a Bachelor of Science degree in engineering mathematics from Columbia University in 1963 and his PhD in electrical engineering from Princeton University in 1966. He then worked for three years at Bell Labs. In 1969, he returned to Princeton as an associate professor, and was promoted to full professor in 1974. Ullman moved to Stanford University in 1979, and served as the department chair from 1990 to 1994. He was named the Stanford W. Ascherman Professor of Computer Science in 1994, and became an Emeritus in 2003.

In 1994 Ullman was inducted as a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery; in 2000 he was awarded the Knuth Prize. Ullman is the co-recipient (with John Hopcroft) of the 2010 IEEE John von Neumann Medal "For laying the foundations for the fields of automata and language theory and many seminal contributions to theoretical computer science." Ullman, Hopcroft, and Alfred Aho were co-recipients of the 2017 C&C Prize awarded by NEC Corporation.

Ullman's research interests include database theory, data integration, data mining, and education using online infrastructure. He is one of the founders of the field of database theory: many of his Ph.D. students became influential in the field as well. He was the Ph.D. advisor of Sergey Brin, one of the co-founders of Google, and served on Google's technical advisory board. He is a founder of Gradiance Corporation, which provides homework grading support for college courses. He teaches courses on automata and mining massive datasets on the Stanford Online learning platform.

Ullman was elected as a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 2020. He also sits on the advisory board of TheOpenCode Foundation. On March 31, 2021, he and Aho were named recipients of 2020 Turing Award.

Controversies
In 2011, Ullman stated his opposition to assisting Iranians in becoming graduate students at Stanford, because of the anti-Israel position of the Iranian government. In response to a call by the National Iranian American Council for disciplinary action against Ullman for what they described as his "racially discriminatory and inflammatory" comments, a Stanford spokesperson stated that Ullman was expressing his own personal views and not the views of the university, and that he was uninvolved in admissions.

In April 2021, an open letter by CSForInclusion criticized the ACM and the ACM A.M. Turing Award Committee for nominating and selecting Ullman as recipient of the ACM A.M. Turing award. ACM reconfirmed its commitments to inclusion and diversity in a response to the letter.

Books

 * Mining of massive datasets (with Jure Leskovec and Anand Rajaraman), Prentice-Hall, Second edition 2014. ISBN 978-1-1070-7723-2
 * Database Systems: The Complete Book (with H. Garcia-Molina and J. Widom), Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 2002. ISBN 978-0-1303-1995-1
 * Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages, and Computation, (with J. E. Hopcroft and R. Motwani), Addison-Wesley, Reading MA, 1969, 1979 (ISBN 978-0-2010-2988-8), 2000.
 * Elements of ML Programming, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1993, 1998. ISBN 978-0-13-790387-0
 * A First Course in Database Systems (with J. Widom), Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1997, 2002.ISBN 978-0-13-861337-2
 * Foundations of Computer Science (with A. V. Aho), Computer Science Press, New York, 1992 (ISBN 978-0-7167-8233-9). C edition, 1995 (ISBN 978-0-7167-8284-1).
 * Principles of Database and Knowledge-Base Systems (two volumes), Computer Science Press, New York, 1988, 1989.
 * Volume 1: Classical Database Systems ISBN 978-0-7167-8158-5
 * Volume 2: The New Technologies ISBN 978-0-7167-8162-2
 * Compilers: Principles, Techniques, and Tools (with A. V. Aho and R. Sethi), Addison-Wesley, Reading MA, 1977, 1986.
 * Computational Aspects of VLSI, Computer Science Press, 1984 ISBN 978-0-914894-95-7
 * Data Structures and Algorithms (with A. V. Aho and J. E. Hopcroft), Addison-Wesley, Reading MA, 1983. ISBN 978-0-2010-0023-8
 * Principles of Compiler Design (with A. V. Aho), Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1977.
 * Fundamental Concepts of Programming Systems, Addison-Wesley, Reading MA, 1976. ISBN 0-201-07654-3
 * The Design and Analysis of Computer Algorithms (with A. V. Aho and J. E. Hopcroft), Addison-Wesley, Reading MA, 1974. ISBN 978-0-2010-0029-0
 * Formal Languages and Their Relation to Automata (with J. E. Hopcroft), Addison-Wesley, Reading MA, 1969. ISBN 978-0-2010-2983-3

title: Jeffrey Ullman


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Performance Equation

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep (two votes are not enough to determine consensus) ugen 64 06:50, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Performance Equation
Tagged as {unencyclopedic} since 22:59, 28 Feb 2005. Zzyzx11 22:22, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with Optimization (computer science) and redirect —Wahoofive | Talk 22:28, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Dingfelder

Dingfelder (1903) was an automobile brand produced by the Dingfelder Motor Company, which was located at 958 Jefferson Street in Detroit, and had an auto garage at 41–43 Washington Street.

History
In 1903 they produced a number of two-passenger runabouts. In 1904 they manufactured boats.

Specification
The Dingfelder weighed 500 lb

It had custom designed engine known as the Maximotor. The early model was a 3.5 hp one-cylinder motor.

Reviews
One magazine reported that "Mr (Max) Dingfelder is held in high esteem for his honorable business methods and sterling integrity," and "the machine has been very well received by the local trade and a nice business is anticipated."

Engines
Around 1911 to 1913 the range expanded, models included four- and six-cylinder in-line and V-8 water-cooled engines.

 * Type: In-line, 4 cylinders, liquid-cooled
 * Power rating: 52 KW (70 hp) at 1,500 rpm
 * Displacement: 7.0 L (430 cu in)
 * Bore and Stroke: 12.7 cm (5.0 in) x 14.0 cm (5.5 in)
 * Weight (wet): 118 kg (260 lb) (3.71 lb/hp)
 * Date: 1912
 * Dimensions:
 * Length 104 .1 (41.0 in.),
 * Width 40.6 cm (16.0 in.),
 * Height 273.7 cm (9.0 in.)
 * Inventory Number: A19500094005

In addition to their present staff, the Maxlmotor makers, Detroit, have engaged the services of a celebrated Detroit automobile designer whose cars are being turned out at the rate of over 800 weekly. This engineer has worked a number of years in Europe at the plants where the foremost light engines of the world are built. He is co-operating with the Maximotor designer, Mr. Dingfelder. Among the recent purchasers of Maximotor engines is Mr. Lewis Matthews, official and part owner of the Malleable Stove Works of South Bend, Ind., who has now resigned to invest in an aviation enterprise.

Boats
While the car business did not survive into 1904, Max Dingfelder did better with boats, and won a big race that was sponsored by the Detroit Yacht Club in 1906 with his auto boat "999".

The Dingfelder Motor Co exhibited a six-cylinder 60 horsepower, a four-cylinder, 30-40 and a two-cylinder 15-20 at the 1908 Detroit motor show.

Flying machines and airplanes
Max Dingfelder patented a flying machine The Maximotor 52 kW (70 hp) Model B-4 was the last of several that powered Thomas S. Baldwin's Red Devil III aircraft. Maximotors were used on aircraft such as those built by Wright, Curtiss, Bleriot, and Farman and Antoinette. He also got a patent (991,770) in 1911 for Stability and steering rudders

title: Dingfelder


text: Category:South African geologists

title: Category:South African geologists


text: Talk:Highbrow

title: Talk:Highbrow


text:
The Moving Finger

The Moving Finger is a detective novel by British writer Agatha Christie, first published in the USA by Dodd, Mead and Company in July 1942 and in the UK by the Collins Crime Club in June 1943. The US edition retailed at $2.00 and the UK edition at seven shillings and sixpence.

The Burtons, brother and sister, arrive in the village of Lymstock in Devon, and soon receive an anonymous letter accusing them of being lovers, not siblings. They are not the only ones in the village to receive such letters. A prominent resident is found dead with one such letter found next to her. This novel features the elderly detective Miss Marple in a relatively minor role, "a little old lady sleuth who doesn't seem to do much". She enters the story in the final quarter of the book, in a handful of scenes, after the police have failed to solve the crime.

The novel was well received when it was published: "Agatha Christie is at it again, lifting the lid off delphiniums and weaving the scarlet warp all over the pastel pouffe." One reviewer noted that Miss Marple "sets the stage for the final exposure of the murderer." Another said this was "One of the few times Christie gives short measure, and none the worse for that." The male narrator was both praised and panned.

Title
The book takes its name from quatrain 51 of Edward FitzGerald's translation of the Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám:

 * The Moving Finger writes; and, having writ,
 * Moves on: not all thy Piety nor Wit
 * Shall lure it back to cancel half a Line,
 * Nor all thy Tears wash out a Word of it.

The poem, in turn, refers to Belshazzar's feast as related in the Book of Daniel, where the expression the writing on the wall originated.

The title shows in the story figuratively and literally. The anonymous letters point blame from one town resident to another. The police detective determines that the envelopes were all "typed by someone using one finger" to avoid a recognisable 'touch'.

Plot summary
Jerry and Joanna Burton, a brother and sister from London, take up residence in a house owned by Miss Emily Barton near the quiet town of Lymstock for the last phase of Jerry's recovery from injuries suffered in a crash landing. Shortly after moving in and meeting their neighbours, they receive an anonymous letter which makes the false accusation that the pair are lovers, not siblings.

The Burtons quickly learn that such poison pen letters have been received by many in the town. Despite the letters containing false accusations, many recipients are upset by them and fear something worse may happen. Mrs Symmington, the local solicitor's wife, is found dead after receiving a letter stating that her husband Richard was not the father of her second son. Her body is discovered with the letter, a glass containing potassium cyanide, and a torn scrap of paper that reads, "I can't go on".

While the inquest rules that Mrs. Symmington's death was suicide, the police begin a hunt for the anonymous letter writer. An inspector arrives from Scotland Yard to help with the investigation. He concludes that the letter writer is a middle-aged woman among the prominent citizens of Lymstock. Mrs Symmington's daughter by a previous marriage, Megan Hunter, an awkward, frumpy 20-year-old, stays with the Burtons for a few days after losing her mother.

The Burtons' housekeeper, Partridge, receives a call from Agnes, the Symmingtons' maidservant, who is distraught and seeks advice. Agnes fails to arrive for their planned meeting; nor is she found at the Symmingtons' when Jerry calls in the evening to check on her. The following day, her body is discovered by Megan in the under-stairs cupboard at the Symmington house.

Progress in the murder investigation is slow until the Reverend's wife, Mrs. Dane Calthrop, invites Miss Marple to investigate. Jerry conveys many facts about the case to her from his observations, and tells her some of his ideas on why Agnes was killed. Meanwhile, Elsie Holland, the governess for the Symmington boys, receives an anonymous letter. The police observe Aimée Griffith, sister of the local doctor Owen Griffith, typing the address on the same typewriter used for all the previous letters, and arrest her for writing the letter.

Heading to London to see his doctor, Jerry impulsively takes Megan along with him and takes her to Joanna's dressmaker for a complete makeover. He realises he has fallen in love with Megan. When they return to Lymstock, Jerry asks Megan to marry him; she turns him down. He asks Mr Symmington for his permission to pursue Megan. Miss Marple advises Jerry to leave Megan alone for a day, as she has a task for her.

Megan blackmails her stepfather later that evening, implying that she has proof that he killed Mrs. Symmington. Mr. Symmington coolly pays her an initial instalment of money while not admitting his guilt. Later in the night, after giving Megan a sleeping drug, he attempts to murder her by putting her head in the gas oven. Jerry and the police are lying in wait for him. Jerry rescues Megan, and Symmington confesses. The police arrest him for murdering his wife and Agnes.

Miss Marple, knowing human nature, reveals that she knew all along that the letters were a diversion, and not written by a local woman, because none contained true accusations - something locals would be sure to gossip about. Only one person benefited from Mrs Symmington's death: her husband. He is in love with the beautiful Elsie Holland. Planning his wife's murder, he modelled the letters on those in a past case known to him from his legal practice. The police theory about who wrote them was completely wrong. The one letter that Symmington did not write was the one to Elsie; Aimée Griffith, who had been in love with Symmington for years, wrote that. Knowing it would be hard to prove Symmington's guilt, Miss Marple devised the scheme to expose him, enlisting Megan to provoke him to attempt to kill her.

Following the successful conclusion of the investigation, Megan realises that she does love Jerry. Jerry buys Miss Barton's house for them. His sister Joanna marries Owen Griffith and also stays in Lymstock. Meanwhile, Emily Barton and Aimée Griffith go on a cruise together.

Characters

 * Jerry Burton: pilot who was injured in a crash. After a long stint in hospital, he seeks a quiet place for the last stage of healing. Wealthy. He narrates the story.
 * Joanna Burton: Jerry's sister, younger and very attractive, who accompanies her brother to Lymstock from their usual home in London.
 * Miss Emily Barton: youngest daughter of a large and prim family of sisters, now in her sixties. She owns a house named 'Little Furze', which she rents to the Burtons. Like many in Lymstock, she has received a poison pen letter, but she is unwilling to admit it.
 * Florence Elford: the Barton family's former maid, now married, who invites Emily Barton to live with her while she rents 'Little Furze' to the Burtons.
 * Partridge: maid at 'Little Furze', who agrees to stay on for the Burtons. She trained Agnes.
 * Beatrice Baker: maid at 'Little Furze', who leaves service after she receives an anonymous letter.
 * Mrs Baker: mother of Beatrice, who seeks the aid of Jerry when Beatrice's young man receives a letter accusing Beatrice of seeing another man, which is not true.
 * Inspector Graves: a detective from Scotland Yard.
 * Superintendent Nash: County Detective Superintendent.
 * Mr Richard Symmington: solicitor in Lymstock, second husband to Mona, father of two young sons, and stepfather of Megan Hunter.
 * Mrs Mona Symmington: mother of Megan Hunter, and of two young sons with Richard Symington. She is the first murder victim, though her murder was made to appear a suicide, fooling the police for a long while.
 * Miss Megan Hunter: woman of 20, back home for one year from boarding school, coltish, usually shy, but more comfortable with Jerry and Joanna Burton. She blossoms under their attention. She bravely undertakes a risky ploy at the direction of Miss Marple, exposing the murderer.
 * Elsie Holland: beautiful nanny of the two young Symmington sons. Jerry Burton, initially attracted, is turned off by the quality of her voice, but Mr Symmington sees only her beauty.
 * Dr Owen Griffith: local doctor in Lymstock, who falls in love with Joanna Burton.
 * Aimée Griffith: sister of Owen, who lives with him in Lymstock, is active in the town and for years has been in love with Richard Symmington.
 * Miss Jane Marple: a shrewd judge of human nature, resident of the village of St. Mary Mead and a friend of Mrs. Dane Calthrop, who asks her to help in the investigation.
 * Agnes Woddell: house parlourmaid at Symmington home, who is the second murder victim.
 * Rose: the Symmingtons' cook; talks too much and is given to dramatics.
 * Miss Ginch: Symmington's clerk, who quits her post after receiving a poison pen letter, Jerry Burton observes that she seems to be enjoying getting the poison pen letter.
 * Reverend Caleb Dane Calthrop: local vicar, academic in his style, given to Latin quotes, understood by no one around him.
 * Mrs Maud Dane Calthrop: the vicar's wife who tries to keep an eye on people. She calls her friend Miss Marple for help when the situation in town worsens with murders and poison pen letters.
 * Mr Pye: resident of Lymstock who enjoys the scandal raised by the poison pen letters. He collects antiques, and is described by his neighbours as effeminate.
 * Colonel Appleton: resident of Combeacre, a village about 7 miles from Lymstock. He is intrigued by Joanna Burton and admires the beautiful Elsie Holland.
 * Mrs Cleat: woman who lives in Lymstock, described as the local witch. She is the first person assumed by townspeople to be the writer of the poison pen letters, but she turns out to have no involvement.

Literary significance and reception
Maurice Willson Disher in The Times Literary Supplement of 19 June 1943 was mostly positive, starting, "Beyond all doubt the puzzle in The Moving Finger is fit for experts" and continued "The author is generous with her clues. Anyone ought to be able to read her secret with half an eye – if the other one-and-a-half did not get in the way. There has rarely been a detective story so likely to create an epidemic of self indulgent kicks." However, some reservations were expressed: "Having expended so much energy on her riddle, the author cannot altogether be blamed for neglecting the other side of her story. It would grip more if Jerry Burton, who tells it, was more credible. He is an airman who has crashed and walks with the aid of two sticks. That he should make a lightning recovery is all to the good, but why, in between dashing downstairs two at a time and lugging a girl into a railway carriage by main force, should he complain that it hurts to drive a car? And why, since he is as masculine in sex as the sons of King Gama does he think in this style, "The tea was china and delicious and there were plates of sandwiches and thin bread and butter and a quantity of little cakes"? Nor does it help verisimilitude that a bawling young female gawk should become an elegant beauty in less than a day."

Maurice Richardson in The Observer wrote: "An atmosphere of perpetual, after-breakfast well-being; sherry parties in a country town where nobody is quite what he seems; difficult slouching daughters with carefully concealed coltish charm; crazy spinsters, of course; and adulterous solicitors. Agatha Christie is at it again, lifting the lid off delphiniums and weaving the scarlet warp all over the pastel pouffe." And he concluded, "Probably you will call Mrs Christie's double bluff, but this will only increase your pleasure."

An unnamed reviewer in the Toronto Daily Star of 7 November 1942 said, "The Moving Finger has for a jacket design a picture of a finger pointing out one suspect after another and that's the way it is with the reader as chapter after chapter of the mystery story unfolds. It is not one of [Christie's] stories about her famous French [sic] detective, Hercule Poirot, having instead Miss Marple, a little old lady sleuth who doesn't seem to do much but who sets the stage for the final exposure of the murderer."

The writer and critic Robert Barnard wrote "Poison pen in Mayhem Parva, inevitably leading to murder. A good and varied cast list, some humour, and stronger than usual romantic interest of an ugly-duckling-into-swan type. One of the few times Christie gives short measure, and none the worse for that."

In the "Binge!" article of Entertainment Weekly of December 2014 – January 2015, the writers picked The Moving Finger as a Christie favourite on the list of the "Nine Great Christie Novels".

Television
The Moving Finger was first adapted for television by the BBC in two episodes with Joan Hickson in the series Miss Marple. It first aired on 21 and 22 February 1985. The adaptation is generally faithful to the novel, apart from making changes to names: the village of Lymstock became Lymston, Mona and Richard Symmington were renamed Angela and Edward Symmington and their sons Colin and Brian were renamed Robert and Jamie, Aimee Griffith became Eryl Griffith and had a much meeker personality, the characters of Agnes and Beatrice were combined and Miss Marple was brought into the story sooner than the novel does.

A second television adaptation was made with Geraldine McEwan as Miss Marple in the TV series, Agatha Christie's Marple and was filmed in Chilham, Kent. It first aired on 12 February 2006. This adaptation changes the personality of Jerry. The story is set a little later than in the novel, as mentioned in a review of the episode: "Miss Marple, observing the tragic effects of these missives on relationships and reputations, is practically in the background in this story, watching closely as a nihilistic young man (James D'Arcy) comes out of his cynical, alcohol-laced haze to investigate the source of so much misery." and is "set shortly after World War II."

A third adaptation came as part of the French television series Les Petits Meurtres d'Agatha Christie. The episode aired in 2009.

A fourth adaptation was developed in Korea as part of the 2018 television series Ms. Ma, Nemesis.

Radio
A radio adaptation was broadcast on BBC Radio 4 in May 2001 in the Saturday Play slot, starring June Whitfield as Miss Marple.

Publication history

The work is dedicated to Christie's friends, the artist Mary Winifrid Smith and her husband Sidney Smith, an Assyriologist:

"To my Friends Sydney and Mary Smith"

Editions include:

 * 1942, Dodd Mead and Company (New York), July 1942, Hardcover, 229 pp
 * 1943, Collins Crime Club (London), June 1943, Hardcover, 160 pp
 * 1948, Avon Books, Paperback, 158 pp (Avon number 164)
 * 1948, Pan Books, Paperback, 190 pp (Pan number 55)
 * 1953, Penguin Books, Paperback, 189 pp (Penguin number 930)
 * 1961, Fontana Books (Imprint of HarperCollins), Paperback, 160 pp
 * 1964, Dell Books, Paperback, 189 pp
 * 1968, Greenway edition of collected works (William Collins), Hardcover, 255 pp
 * 1968, Greenway edition of collected works (Dodd Mead), Hardcover, 255 pp
 * 1970, Ulverscroft Large-print Edition, Hardcover, 331 pp; ISBN 0-85456-670-8
 * 2005, Marple Facsimile edition (Facsimile of 1943 UK first edition), 12 September 2005, Hardcover; ISBN 0-00-720845-6

The novel's first true publication was the US serialisation in Collier's Weekly in eight instalments from 28 March (Volume 109, Number 13) to 16 May 1942 (Volume 109, Number 20) with illustrations by Mario Cooper.

The UK serialisation was as an abridged version in six parts in Woman's Pictorial from 17 October (Volume 44, Number 1136) to 21 November 1942 (Volume 44, Number 1141) under the slightly shorter title of Moving Finger. All six instalments were illustrated by Alfred Sindall.

This novel is one of two to differ significantly in American editions (the other being Three Act Tragedy), both hardcover and paperback. Most American editions of The Moving Finger have been abridged by about 9000 words to remove sections of chapters, and strongly resemble the Collier's serialisation which, mindful of the need to bring the magazine reader into the story quickly, begins without the leisurely introduction to the narrator's back-story that is present in the British edition, and lacks much of the characterisation throughout.

Christie admitted that this book was one of her favourites, stating, "I find that another [book] I am really pleased with is The Moving Finger. It is a great test to re-read what one has written some seventeen or eighteen years before. One's view changes. Some do not stand the test of time, others do."

title: The Moving Finger


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Student number

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 01:23, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Student number
Tagged as {unencyclopedic} since 12:37, 18 Mar 2005 UTC. Zzyzx11 22:27, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Identity document. Gazpacho 22:39, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure identity document is the best place for this. After all, a student number is not a document.  I'd suggest redirecting to university, perhaps?  Or do we have an article entitled transcript (or similar)?  I'd support a reasonable redirect, otherwise, keep at least temporarily.  Exploding Boy 23:24, Apr 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * Transcript exists, but it's not about this. In addition, I'm not sure about elsewhere, but in the U.S., the student number is separate from the transcript--it simply serves as an identifier for the school. Do we have an article on identification number or something of that nature? Redirect there, or to identity document if nothing better is found. Meelar (talk) 01:13, Apr 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * I think, while this is a stub, it's a reasonable one. I vote keep unless a suitable merge place can be found, in which case it should be merged and redirected. Mgm|(talk) 08:11, Apr 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge per Meelar. Radiant_* 08:45, Apr 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as potentially encyclopedic. See the page's equivalent in the German Wikipedia at de:Matrikelnummer. Martg76 09:02, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. There is no information as to which university or even which country this is about. I am sure there are many systems, but what is the big deal anyway? People get various kinds of registration numbers everywhere in modern society - it's a consequence of handling large numbers of people or any other items in databases, and it's trivial. / Uppland 09:11, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * In that case, perhaps we need an article called Registration number. Exploding Boy 16:42, Apr 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Universities assign student identification numbers to students and I do believe it is possible to write an article about how this is done. Q0 20:51, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Speaks to the commodification of people in our society. My university used to use Social Security numbers, but too many people complained that the numbers were too readily acquired by potential identity thieves, so they changed to a different student number format. Apparently, this is happening throughout the state. -- 8^D gab 02:53, 2005 Apr 11 (UTC)
 * Keep due to lack of good merge targets. Burgundavia 07:11, Apr 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: What is the significant difference between a "student number" and, say, a "public library user number" or an "employee number"? This article either has to be more generic and speak of registration of people in general, or more specific and limit itself to one specific university (system). At the moment it only contains stuff on the Matrikelnummer used at Austrian universities, so why not change the title to Matrikelnummer (Austrian universities)? / Uppland 07:18, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep now as a useful example of student numbers in use. Hopefully will grow to include other examples. Kappa 09:55, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep Seems a good idea to me... Have examped with some uk info --Spankthecrumpet 22:52, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Talk:Hur

Requested move from Hur (Bible)

 * Disambiguation is unnecessary, because the only conflict is HUR, which is differentiated by capitalization.
 * ''Add *Support or *Oppose followed by an optional one sentence explanation and sign your vote with ~

This article has been renamed as the result of a move request. violet/riga (t) 12:54, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Support I requested this move. —Michael Z. 2005-04-6 22:28 Z

title: Talk:Hur


text: Category:South African engineers

title: Category:South African engineers


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Usenet free

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. – ABCD 02:42, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Usenet free
Tagged as {unencyclopedic} since 08:33, 13 Mar 2005 UTC. Zzyzx11 22:31, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not an internet guide. Gazpacho 22:40, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
User talk:More~enwiki

Where is the place called Bandolier, Sante Fe?

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called More. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name More~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 01:57, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 16:34, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:More~enwiki


text:
Category:Mining engineers

Mining engineers specialise in mining engineering.

title: Category:Mining engineers


text:
Doris Stokes

Doris May Fisher Stokes (6 January 1920 – 8 May 1987), born Doris Sutton, was a British spiritualist, professional medium, and author. Her professed ability to communicate with the dead, public performances, television appearances, and memoirs made her a household name in Britain. During her lifetime she was a controversial figure, with some believing her to possess psychic abilities, but investigations published after her death demonstrated that she used techniques including cold reading, hot reading, and planting accomplices in her audience, giving the appearance of having paranormal abilities.

Early life
Stokes was born in Grantham, Lincolnshire, England in January 1920. In her memoirs she claimed that she started seeing spirits and hearing disembodied voices in childhood, and that she developed these abilities further once she joined a local spiritualist church after her son died in infancy. She was recognized as a practising clairaudient medium by the Spiritualists' National Union in 1949.

During a crisis of confidence in 1962, she gave up her work as a medium and retrained as a psychiatric nurse, but had to retire five years later following an attack by a patient. She returned to her psychic work, and in 1975 became the resident medium at the Spiritualist Association of Great Britain.

Career
Stokes first came to public attention in 1978 during a visit to Australia, when she appeared on The Don Lane Show. In the wave of interest that followed her appearance, she played to three capacity audiences at the Sydney Opera House. She was also the first medium to appear at the London Palladium; the tickets sold out in two hours. She was especially believable because of her smiling, down-to-earth manner, which avoided the traditional trappings of the séance and gave her performances almost "the ordinariness of a transatlantic telephone call". In 1980, her first autobiographical volume, Voices in My Ear: The Autobiography of a Medium was published, pulling her further into the public eye in the UK. More than two million copies of her books were sold. Positive testimonials continued to come forward into the 2000s, from celebrities including Eamonn Holmes and Dale Winton.

Stokes was condemned by the Church of England and other Christian denominations, which objected to spirit communication as an offence to God. She countered that her work was done for God, and in accordance with the Bible's injunction to "test the spirits to see whether they are from God, because many false prophets have gone out into the world" (1 John 4.:1).

Stokes's health was poor throughout her life. Her thirteen or so cancer operations included a mastectomy, and the April 1987 removal of a brain tumour, after which she did not regain consciousness. She died in Lewisham, London on 8 May 1987. Described variously as "an individual of great personal warmth", "the Gracie Fields of the psychic world" and "a ruthless moneymaking confidence artist", she continued to give free consultations or "sittings" until a month before her death, when she left only £15,291.

Criticism, debunking and accusations of fraud
Stokes was accused of using various forms of deception to achieve the effect of communicating with the dead. These included cold reading, eavesdropping, and planting accomplices in the audience.

Evidence of audience plants
Stokes's death coincided with the publication of Catholic author Ian Wilson's 1987 book, The After Death Experience, in which he presented a detailed exposé of her methods. He described her as providing "slick, sure-fire answers" to the questions of life after death.

He attended one of Stokes's Palladium performances in November 1986, when she claimed to contact the dead relatives of four consecutive audience members, with a sequence of convincing and poignant details. However, when the participants were questioned after the performance, it turned out that each of them had been invited by Stokes. The manager of the Palladium explained that Stokes routinely booked the front three rows of the theatre for her own use.

Those "contacted" included a young woman called Dawn. She was given a message supposedly from her husband, who had died less than a month earlier, telling her that he supported her decision to turn off his life support machine. However, when hospital nurses had asked her whether she would like to speak to anybody about this decision, she had asked to speak to Doris Stokes. Stokes had spoken to Dawn by telephone, offering commiseration and asking to be updated with the results of the tests that would determine whether Dawn's husband lived or died.

In 1987, Dawn described a number of personal details which Stokes had given unprompted to her mother on the phone. While Dawn found these convincing, Wilson suggests that Stokes obtained them from Dawn's aunt, a prominent local spiritualist.

Another participant was Marilyn Stenning, whose daughter Kerry had recently died in a car accident. She received a personal phone call from Stokes, offering her front-row seats for the Palladium performance. Other participants included "camp followers", who regularly attended the shows and repeatedly received messages from the same people. During the second half of the performance, members of the audience were chosen apparently at random. Wilson described this post-interval performance as "much less convincing ... [relying] on intelligent guesswork and 'fishing.

Disputed memoirs and testimony
Stokes co-wrote seven volumes of autobiography, but some of the events she describes in them have been questioned.

In her book, Voices in my Ear, Stokes claimed that she had solved two murder cases in England. However, Detective Chief Superintendent Wilfrid Brooks of the Lancashire Constabulary stated that Stokes made no contribution whatsoever to the detection of either murderer.

Whilst in Beverly Hills, Los Angeles, she also claimed that local murder victim Vic Weiss had contacted her with details of his murder. Former magician and high-profile sceptic, James Randi, contacted the Los Angeles Police Department, who informed him that all of the information supplied by Stokes had been available to the media at the time. Stokes was unable to provide any new information to the police and the case remains unsolved.

title: Doris Stokes


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Sudetendeutsche Landsmannschaft

The Sudetendeutsche Landsmannschaft (Sudeten German Homeland Association; Sudetoněmecké krajanské sdružení) is an organization representing Sudeten German expellees and refugees from the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia. Most of them were forcibly expelled and deported to western Allied occupation zones of Germany, which would later form West Germany, from their homelands inside Czechoslovakia during the expulsion of Germans after World War II. The charter was signed in Stuttgart in 1950 and committed the organization to the renouncing of revenge and retaliation and promoting European accord. The organization tried to slow down the membership of today's Czech Republic in the European Union by demanding a complete revocation of the Beneš decrees which established the expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia after the war and declared them unlawful.

The Landsmannschaft is currently based in Munich, Bavaria. Its chairman is Bernd Posselt. It is a member of the Federation of Expellees (Bund der Vertriebenen, BdV). Since Pentecost of 1950, the Landsmannschaft has organized a traditional convention, the Sudetendeutscher Tag, which mostly takes place in southern Germany, in Augsburg or Nuremberg. In 1950 the Homeland Association already vowed to reject any form of violence and revenge.

title: Sudetendeutsche Landsmannschaft


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Julius Africanus (orator)

Julius Africanus was a celebrated orator in the reign of Nero, and seems to have been the son of the Julius Africanus, of the Gallic state of the Santoni (in present-day France), who was condemned by Tiberius in 32 AD. Quintilian, who had heard Julius Africanus, spoke of him and Domitius Afer as the best orators of their time. The eloquence of Africanus was chiefly characterized by vehemence and energy. Pliny the Younger mentions a grandson of this Julius Africanus, who was also an advocate and was opposed to him upon one occasion.

There is a persistent belief in some quarters that Africanus was actually an African. However, being the son of a Gallic chief he was a member of a Celtic tribe. This confusion probably arises from an incorrect belief that the Roman cognomen Africanus means from Africa (i.e. born in Africa) rather than the correct meaning of having some relation to Africa. The cognomen Africanus originated with Scipio Africanus, who defeated Carthage (in North Africa) during the Second Punic War.

title: Julius Africanus (orator)


text:
User talk:Cjpuffin

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:01, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Cjpuffin


text:
Talk:Solubility

Initial text

 * A substance is soluble if it dissolves in a fluid.

I had never thought about gases being solvents but this implies that they can. Can the evaporation of water in air be described as solvation?

 * There are solid solutions, too. -- Heron

I found the following comment in the article. Maybe those who worked on this article like to see their work being helpful. andy 20:11, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Your good, im taking honers physical science this year and this sight is a big help
 * thanks

The inorganic compound sodium hydroxide is at least partially soluble in alcohols. H Padleckas 23:07, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Merge notice dispute
I have removed the merge notice for solution and solvent and have modified the merge notice for soluble to reflect the consensus. Ancheta Wis 15:05, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

Accuracy disputed tag added
Hi, I know that there should not be Hg22+ in this article, but what I don't know is whether it should be + or 2+, or if it matters. I thought I'd put up one of those annoying dispute notices and let someone else more knowledgable fix it... Thanks! -postglock 14:19, 27 November 2005 (UTC)
 * No, that's correct, at least according to what I've been taught in school. I'd offer a quote if I could find it in my damn textbook, but no luck. I took the liberty of removing the notice--hopefully it won't offend. EvilStorm 18:12, 8 December 2005 (UTC)

Oh ok... No, not offended at all. My chemistry is perhaps a little lacking, I didn't realise that you could get diatomic metal ions? I always thought they were monatomic (with the same element) or compound ions (with other elements)? -postglock 22:28, 8 December 2005 (UTC)

Improvements
I have improved the Soluble article to discuss solubility. That article also contains links to solute, solvent, and solution. H Padleckas 22:34, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)

What is the MOST soluble substance?
From the chart in the article, one could argue that NaCl (Common Table Salt) would be more soluble than Sucrose (Table Sugar) because of the fact that NaCl is ionically bonded and above the polar covalent bonds found in sucrose. However, many people seem to believe that the solubility of sucrose is greater than that of Sodium Chloride. Who is right? Is Sucrose more soluble, or is Sodium Chloride? 24.11.91.3 15:33, 3 April 2006 (UTC)

 * I don't think that the chart is necessarily meant to imply that ionic compounds are always more soluble than polar covalent compounds, especially becasue the "metallic" bonding type is listed above polar covalent; most polar covalently bonded compounds are more soluble than metals. Natsirtguy 19:54, 4 October 2006 (UTC)

Just an added note...your iron example is kind of confusing since iron can be soluble through siderophores, I don't know if that would matter too much since that is an exception

Solubility
why the solubility increase when the temperature increase

 * Sometimes it does; sometimes it doesn't. --Smack (talk) 19:28, 29 December 2006 (UTC)

why the solubility sometimes decrease when the temperature increase? according to my grade 9 science knowledge, it should be always increase, since molecules of water have higher chance to dissociate the ions ( or easier to form hydrogen bonds with polar covalent compounds). what makes that change? thanks Lichunhon (talk) 06:15, 27 June 2010 (UTC)
 * Semi-hand-waving explanation here: At higher temperature, molecular mixtures tend to become more disordered (increasing T increases the importance of entropy term in the Gibbs free energy equation). The solvation you mention (water molecules forming hydrogen bonds or polar interactions with solvated molecules) is a form or order (those solvent molecules are specifically organized around specific solute positions). So at high temperature, it might be advantageous to disrupt that ordering, moving towards greater entropy. Less solvation->less solubility? The Real Truth is that it's all a balancing act: better to have ordered solid (not-dissolved/crystal) and disordered solvent, or have some solvent ordered around solvated stuff (dissolved)? The real answer obviously depends on the exact nature of a given solvent and solute, because the exact energetics of the solid and solvated forms. That graph in the Solubility section is kinda neat! DMacks (talk) 06:34, 27 June 2010 (UTC)

Physical or chemical property?
I'm not sure, but couldn't solubility also be considered a physical property? -tcwd 23:23, 1 October 2006 (UTC)
 * What are you refering to? Why is this relevant? JKW 21:42, 2 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I think he's talking about the categories down the bottom, and feels that it should be added to the physical properties category also. Aquain (Non member) 06:05, 25 November 2006 (UTC)
 * He does have a point. Solubility is how much solute can dissolve in a solvent. Dissolvation is a physical property, so why not solubility? 17:08, 9 December 2006 (UTC)

Merge
okay, this page needs to be edited for sure, someone wrote " a solution at equilibrium that can kiss my butt" ^^^ LOL well..its changed for a while now...right?[BR] Well...are we gonna amerge Solid Solubility to this article? I'm not sure we should...we should just have a link to link to that article Invader05 00:34, 29 December 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure either. Does the term "solubility" usually include solid solutions? --Smack (talk) 19:28, 29 December 2006 (UTC)

I noticed the absense of gas/gas solutions too. Maybe a mention of the atmosphere? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 208.201.160.2 (talk • contribs)

 * The situation of gases could be explained similarly using the words already written. It's just a matter of examples. --Deryck C. 06:47, 27 January 2007 (UTC)

Chemistry Collaboration of the Month
Moved from Wikipedia_talk:Chemistry_Collaboration_of_the_Month I tried to wade in to improve this article as the CCotM. It's quite a staggering task to perfect this article. I'd like to talk about it here before I do any damage, though. IMHO, a lot of the information simply doesn't belong in this article. Rather, they should be in the relevant related articles, such as solution, solvent, etc. Solubility should not attempt to encompass everything to do with this. Perhaps it should limit itself to

 * 1) Definition (do we refer to the property of simply being able to dissolve, or the stricter definition (IUPAC) of the maximum amount of stuff which will dissolve?)
 * 2) What determines a substance's solubility (briefly, main article being solution), including a passing mention of factors such as temperature and/or pressure (for the case of gases)
 * 3) Applications of solubility in chemical processes, and everyday life e.g. making milk from powdered milk

Comments please! --Rifleman 82 16:52, 2 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Yes, it's a challenging article, but a very important one. I think we need to address all of the above, and more.  IMHO, we should address both definitions of the term, as given here.  By the way, you might be interested to know the history of this page - it used to be called Soluble and was only changed a year ago.  I suspect a lot remains to be cleaned up from that, though solubility is a much better title IMHO.  I'd also like to reiterate my comments on the main page - we need to consider the related articles solvent and solution - that means not duplicating (or triplicating) a lot of information.  As for other topics, I'd like to see a discussion of factors that make something soluble (or not), such as polarity and lattice energy. Should we move this discussion to Talk:Solubility to bring in a broader set of opinions? Walkerma 06:37, 3 January 2007 (UTC)

 * I did a rewrite of much of the text, and added a more general chart showing solubility curves for a variety of salts - not just Na2SO4. I had trouble getting Excel to draw these curves, so I had to fill in the gaps with coloured pencil!  Excel also won't let you have subscripts in the chemical formulae (even though my table had them). My poor artistic skills aren't too obvious unless you click on the image or look quite closely, but if anyone has better graphing software than Excel (or knows how to use Excel more effectively?), perhaps you could let me know and we could improve it.  Another thing, I wanted to cover polarity under the "factors affecting solubility" since I thought it relevant, but then I found a section on organic compounds later on that sort-of covered much of the same topic.  I tried to rewrite both to limit any duplication, but I'd appreciate a second pair of eyes on this.  Maybe it's OK, but if not, feel free to consolidate if you think there is too much duplication.  Thanks, Walkerma 07:14, 28 January 2007 (UTC)
 * I managed to find out how to do this, so I cleaned it up. I may try to improve it more later. Walkerma 02:35, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

Solubility chart
The chart seems to put soluble and insoluble substances side by side. Not being a comparison chart, imo that's not a good presentation. An alternative chart puts the group of substances on either the soluble or insoluble side, and lists the exception on the other side. --Deryck C. 13:49, 17 January 2007 (UTC)

Solubility chart add
Added hydroxide entry to table (see reference: Chemistry, Concepts and Problems). Otherwise the book reflects the same info but author(s) note the table is partial table and for use with the book material. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.177.172.35 (talk) 17:52, 3 June 2012 (UTC)

Wrong Information
hydroxides and oxides (except Group I, NH4+, Ba2+, Sr2+, Ca2+ and Tl+) Where CaO will react with water to form CaOH2 Solubility: 0.185g/100 cm³ Ksp = 4.68 × 10−6 That is misleading people that CaOH2 is soluble. I think we should change that. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Snoopy11hk (talk • contribs) 09:18, 30 March 2007 (UTC).

2007-09-23T11:21:59 -- Undid revision 159465454
I undid this revision because it added rather extensive information that is essentially identical to that already contained in another section. The new information was added under section "Quantification of solubility" and it duplicates the content of "Solubility of ionic compounds in water". I apologize to the original contributor who obviously put a lot of work compiling the info independently. Stan J. Klimas 11:37, 23 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Could we probably turn that excess information into another article so as to preserve it? --Deryck C. 21:14, 20 April 2008 (UTC)

Add Picture to "Solubility of Ionic Compounds" Section
Hi. Could someone draw a picture for this section. I think it would be VERY helpful for people to visually see how the different ions are attracted to each other. I WOULD draw it myself, but I don't have the software to make the chem-pictures. Anyone know if there's a free version somewhere?? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Armadillo1985 (talk • contribs) 01:50, 31 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Hello. This seem to be more related to the article solvation. For free (open source) software, I would start with Category:Free_science_software. XDrawChem is perhaps the easiest to start with. Additional resources at http://www.redbrick.dcu.ie/~noel/linux4chemistry/ Stan J. Klimas (talk) 16:10, 31 May 2008 (UTC)

Copyedit

 * Is there a better title for the Molecular view section? I can't think of one but the title just doesn't seem that encyclopaedic. This section also needs 2-4 refs, preferably one for each separate paragraph.
 * In general, I've tagged sections as opposed to statements with, but ideally each statement should be referenced.
 * The term "ith" in the explanation of the Pressure equation is probably not well known to non-science/maths people, and may need an explanation in itself.
 * I've removed the comment in the benzoic acid cynthesis: "On a practical note, the benzoic acid obtained after evaporating the organic solvent should ideally be purified by recrystallizing from hot water". Although it's correct it may be a bit confusing- perhaps there's a better (but still simple) example out there?

Cheers Freestyle-69 (talk) 23:02, 26 June 2008 (UTC)

hjgfk —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.232.157.129 (talk) 01:28, 23 October 2008 (UTC)

Graphs need improvement
The graphs relating Solubility and temperature are helpful, however they are lacking the temperature scale. (K, C, F) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 198.188.6.56 (talk) 21:21, 3 November 2009 (UTC)
 * Seems to have been fixed at some point. DMacks (talk) 20:32, 22 July 2017 (UTC)

Solubility of Gases in water
Are gases most soluble at the top of a glass of water or at the bottom? In other words, is there a higher concentration of gas molecules at the top of an aqueous solution, or is there a higher concentration of gas molecules at the bottom? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 174.18.19.205 (talk) 17:38, 8 May 2010 (UTC)

Redirects
I actually got to the article via a redirect from slightly soluble - but the article doesn't discuss the various grades of solubility at all. I appreciate that increased traffic looks good for the page, but using a redirect that's mentioned nowhere on the page, and about which no information can be found, comes off very badly. It's akin to finding a search result purportedly about iguana breeding habits when it's actually a porn site ad. 76.22.25.102 (talk) 00:29, 30 May 2010 (UTC)

Introductory Sentence redundant?
The introductory sentence is: Solubility is the property of a solid, liquid, or gaseous chemical substance called solute to dissolve in a liquid solvent to form a homogeneous solution of the solute in the solvent. Isn't the phrase homogeneous solution redundant? If it isn't homegeneous doesn't it become a heterogeneous mixture and not a solution?--PedroDaGr8 (talk) 23:37, 2 March 2011 (UTC)

How do nonpolar solvents "work"?
It's been a long time since frosh chem. I have a sense of how water dissolves polar molecules--the charge polarity of the molecule acts a little like a magnet, grabbing on to an exposed pole on the surface of the to-be-solute and pulls it off. (Let me know if that's off-base.) Then with nonpolar molecules, I can see why water wouldn't want to dissolve them--there'd be a surface energy at the interface because the water molecules like "dissolving" each other. But what about solubility. If I put individual molecules of ABS plastic in benzene, I can imagine that they would be happy together since the "outsides" of both molecules "look" like a bunch of covalently-bonded hydrogens, but how do nonpolar solvents pull their to-be-solutes apart? Obviously there's an energy gradient, but what is lower-energy about a plastic molecule in benzene versus one hanging out with its other plastic-molecule friends? Wouldn't there be an energy hump to get over to untangle the polymers? —Ben FrantzDale (talk) 14:08, 5 October 2011 (UTC)

Dissolution
Hi. Hope I am doing this right. I am considered a bit of an expert in this field (I've published in it) - so I guess I shouldn't edit the actual page. This statement "The speed at which a solid dissolves may depend on its crystallinity or lack thereof in the case of amorphous solids and the surface area (crystallite size) and the presence of polymorphism.", is not strictly true. This is one of those cases where the lay term is used differently than the scientific term.

Baseline dissolution rates (the rate that a material dissolves) are already normalized to surface area. Therefore, all things considered equal, the rate of dissolution doesn't change depending on the surface area. Diss. Rates are in units of mol/m^2s. I think what is being talked about here is the rate of solubilization (sp?). Here's an example. A mass of a sugar with a surface area of one meter may go into solution in 1 unit of time. The same mass of a sugar with two meters of surface area will go into solution in 1/2 unit of time. I guess in lay terms you might say that one dissolves faster than the other. However, I think a more proper term is solubilizing because the dissolution rate is normalized to surface area and therefore (all things considered equal) doesn't change based on surface area. That said, changing the surface area can cause (or mitigate) reaction interface problems that can slow (or speed up) the effective dissolution rate. Large surface areas in unagitated solutions can effectively lock down the dissolution process because of saturation at the reaction interface - so even the lay use of the term isn't true. Also, there is a list of likely 50 different factors that impact effective dissolution rates - not simply xtalography

I'm not really sure how to word it to properly communicate it to a lay audience without running afoul of kinetics - or if that is even important to wikipedia. Prop Prospero66 (talk) 22:29, 14 December 2011 (UTC)

 * To my understanding, experts are very much welcome in Wikipedia. So welcome to Wikipedia :)

 * It seems to me that the literature also defines the term "intrinsic dissolution rate", e.g., the U.S. Pharmacopeia] to avoid ambiguities.

 * Dissolution and solubilization have their own articles that can surely use expansion/improvements. The treatment of "dissolution" in the solubility article would best be focused on distinction between solubility and dissolution so that the two are not mixed up, in my opinion.

 * Best regards, Stan J. Klimas (talk) 00:11, 15 December 2011 (UTC)

Wrong Information ??
But it is not insoluable? A metal (M) and OH (hydroxide) MO will react with water to form a metal hydroxide M[(OH)2]. The metal oxide is a base, the metal hydroxide a new solute (the water is "consumed"). So a reaction does occur, so MO is certainly not "insoluable" but soluable and reacting.

(i see what you meant (when and how), but if it's included every subatomic fact in every label we cannot say anything without everything, making learning chemistry diffucult in deed)

— Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.177.172.35 (talk) 01:54, 4 June 2012 (UTC)

Correction
I corrected the below (unfortunately lengthening it). Please talk if you think it needs help. What it should do is say that an application of solubility is equations and titration plus introduce terms, but very briefly, so that this is in mind for the reader who reads sections following Applications.

Solubility and insolubility together indicate whether solubility reactions will take place. This can be read from a correctly written balanced chemical equation (complete ionic notation) by noting whether any products are formed from the soluble reactants. If reactants in solvent form a precipitate, covalent compound, water, a weak electrolyte, a gas or water (aq) then a reaction takes place, otherwise not (they are all spectator ions). An example: if bubbles are seen a gas was produced, a re-bonding reaction occured. [16]
 * I removed this paragraph from the article again because it has multiple inaccuracies. The sentence "Solubility and insolubility together indicate whether solubility reactions will take place" is vague and its meaning is not clear at all.  The second sentence "This can be read from a correctly written balanced chemical equation (complete ionic notation) by noting whether any products are formed from the soluble reactants" doesn't make any sense to me because in any balanced chemical equation there are reaction products.  Also, the phrase "This can be read" is simply ambiguous. It is not true as a general rule that "If reactants in solvent form a precipitate, covalent compound, water, a weak electrolyte, a gas or water (aq) then a reaction takes place" because it there are many exceptions - it ignores activation energy, rates of reaction, and the dependence on factors such as temperature.  The claim that "if bubbles are seen a gas was produced, a re-bonding reaction occured", in additional to being grammatically incorrect, is also not true as a general statement because there can be other reasons for the production of gas such as boiling of the solvent, to name one.  -- Ed (Edgar181) 12:56, 4 June 2012 (UTC)

Terminology
It would be wonderful to have someone write a cogent explanation of the standard reporting terms for solubility and the variants that exist in the literature. Thus, one might consider practical preparations (35g sodium chloride added to 100 g water), measured amounts (100 g of a sample is evaporated to produce 3 g sodium chloride, thus is a 3 wt% solution of sodium chlroride). What about PPM - does this constitute the first case or the second?? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 131.167.254.100 (talk) 16:15, 14 November 2012 (UTC)

 * I agree. It would be nice with either g/100 ml or wt% as a standard. In the formaldehyde article the solubility is given in g/dm-3... that is just more confusing to the reader than useful. One could at least write g/l, it's not like we need to glorify the SI-units by entangling our data. OxygenBlue (talk) 09:05, 21 January 2013 (UTC)

 * The terminology is very confusing.  Sometimes,  it seems to be the amount of solute in the amount of solvent before the solute is added to it.   Other times,  it seems to be the amount of solute in a fixed quantity of the final solution.    For example,  the solubility of sodium chloride is claimed to be 359 grams per litre.  Is that 359 grams of sodium chloride into one litre of pure water ?   Or 359 grams of sodium chloride in one litre of the resulting solution ?   But if you go on and read about mixtures of alcohol and water,  it seems to be quite different. Lathamibird (talk) 05:36, 20 February 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Solubility. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20090819071542/http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk:80/cgi-bin/omd?metastable to http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/cgi-bin/omd?metastable

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How solubility is determined
I came to this article to find out how solubility is determined empirically, but I'm none the wiser.Ttocserp 16:02, 6 March 2017 (UTC)

Inaccessible source
The source for a definition of "insoluble" as < 0.1 g per 100 ml - Rogers, Elizabeth; Stovall, Iris (2000). "Fundamentals of Chemistry: Solubility". Department of Chemistry. University of Wisconsin. Retrieved 22 April 2015 - leads to a 403 Forbidden error. Either an equivalent source should be found or the claim should be removed. Gsurfer04 (talk) 13:55, 11 May 2017 (UTC)

Salt link
change ((salt))s to ((Salt (chemistry)|salts)) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 73.154.31.58 (talk • contribs) 12 May 2017 (UTC)
 * Yes check.svg Done. I did not change the wikilink in the "Solubility of ionic compounds in water" section since salts is a redirect to Salt (chemistry). — KuyaBriBri Talk 21:24, 12 May 2017 (UTC)

Very Soluble
I can't believe I didn't find this information in Wikipedia article.

https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/united-kingdom/technical-services/solubility.html

Approx Volume (ml) of Solvent Needed to Dissolve 1g of Solute

 * Very Soluble, Less than 1
 * Freely Soluble, 1 to 10
 * Soluble, 10 to 30
 * Sparingly Soluble, 30 to 100
 * Slightly Soluble, 100 to 1000
 * Very Slightly Soluble, 1000 to 10,000
 * Practically Insoluble, Greater than 10,000

ee1518 (talk) 16:09, 18 January 2018 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 27 October 2019
I wish to add that mass and volume also help to determine the solubility of a substance. The higher the level of solute, different solutions such as unsaturated, saturated, and supersaturated can be formed by utilizing different techniques to achieve this. Treeman183 (talk) 15:30, 27 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Mass & Volume already appear in some places within the article. If you would like to request a specific change, you'll need to be specific: "the request must be of the form "please change X to Y"." - ChrisWar666 (talk) 19:26, 27 October 2019 (UTC)

Mixed solvents systems
This article should include info re the solubility of substances in mixed solvents.--109.166.137.83 (talk) 23:30, 19 July 2020 (UTC)

Link to Flexible SPC Water Model?
This seems way too specific to link in "See Also" and there is no explanation as to why it's there. Should we not be linking to more general subjects related to solubility prediction such as Molecular modelling? Gsurfer04 (talk) 16:35, 25 January 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Solubility


text: User talk:66.203.184.90

title: User talk:66.203.184.90