text:
Talk:Wedding of Prince Charles and Camilla Parker Bowles

Guests
Royalty from European countries, no doubt, but not from Commonwealth countries. The Windsors are all we have apart from perhaps the nominal king of Malaysia, who is simply one of the sultans of the Malay states on a rotating basis. Or did the king of Swaziland attend? Or Tonga? They would seem rather few in number and lacking in subjects to merit a generalisation "royalty from the Commonwealth," surely. Masalai 03:28, 13 December 2005 (UTC)

I'm puzzled by the fact that the Queen and Prince Phillip are on the "Wedding Guest List", although the article makes it clear that they didn't attend the civil ceremony. What am I missing? Terry Thorgaard (talk) 15:45, 9 April 2015 (UTC)

legal and procedural issues
Doesn't discuss the legal and procedural issues: —iFaqeer (Talk to me!) 23:57, Apr 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Why she won't be called Queen?
 * Will she still be Queen?
 * Why not just go for a Morganatic Marriage?
 * ... and so on.

 * I believe most of this is covered at Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall. This article is just about the wedding itself.  --Azkar 01:06, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Hmmm. But isn't that whole discussion more about the marriage than the person?

Why didn't they just marry in the Church of Scotland like Princess Anne? Carolynparrishfan 17:19, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Charles felt that as the heir to the throne he should marry in England. (Alphaboi867 05:18, 13 December 2005 (UTC))

The Parliamentary statement, and the legal opinions, contain a lot of spurious arguments. The only question is whether the 1949 Act authorises civil wedding for member of the royal family. Section 79 of that Act (Repeals and Savings) says, “(5) Nothing in this Act shall affect any law or custom relating to the marriage of members of the Royal Family.” It takes a lot of contorted thinking to come to any conclusion other than that if the Act does not affect any law relating to royal weddings, it cannot be a law creating civil marriage for royals. This may well be a breach of Charles and Camilla’s right to marry, but section 3(1) of the Human Rights Act deals with “interpretation” of legislation and does not allow judges to ignore the clear provisions of an Act - section 4(2) explains that, where an Act is clearly in breach of human rights, judges can only make a declaration of incompatibility; that would not turn an invalid marriage into a valid one. The former Attorney General, Sir Nicholas Lyell expressed just these reservations. All text books and legal opinions up to Lord Falconer’s statement of 2005 say that a civil royal marriage would not be valid. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Bethyoung1729 (talk • contribs) 22:43, 7 September 2021 (UTC)
 * This is irrelevant without reliable sources that support this argument. Do you have any, ? P.S. try to make sure you don't stray into WP:OR, which several other editors to this page have. SSSB (talk) 09:13, 8 September 2021 (UTC)
 * I referenced the text of the relevant statute which anyone can check - what better reference can one have on the law? But if that is insufficient, consider paragraph 4.2 on page 11 of the House of Commons note on this subject https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/SN03417/SN03417.pdf
 * which confirms what I said about other people’s interpretation of the law. The fact that the marriage is invalid is surely relevant. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Bethyoung1729 (talk) 10:54, 8 September 2021 (UTC)
 * Interpretaions of the law are only suitable for inclusion on Wikipedia if a reliable source makes that interpretaion. An interpretation of the law that you make is original research of the kind not permitted on wikipedia. Your above paragrapgh is an intepretation of the law, that's why I asked for a reliable source. The link you provided is sufficent, please feel free to sumarise that and make an Edit requests (as I notice you do not have the user rights to edit the page, which was protected due to Sockpuppetry). SSSB (talk) 11:11, 8 September 2021 (UTC)

Marriage Certificate, Titles, etc.
Is this image of the marriage certificate of interest?

James F. (talk) 01:11, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Intersting, Charles didn't use any surname and Camilla signed her name with Parker Bowles. Wallis Simpson had to resume her maiden name briefly.  Any particular reason why it asks for their fathers' names and occupations but not their mothers? (Alphaboi867 03:44, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC))

 * Sexism - women didn't have jobs when these forms were designed. Mother's occupations never used to be on birth certificates, either.  Am amused by the idea that "Prince of the United Kingdom" is a "rank or profession" though.  I guess "unemployed" would have been more appropriate.  Morwen - Talk 07:02, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Hmmm. As for surnames, well, he's royalty; they don't need no steenkin' surnames! Or seriously, what is written there is his full legal name. This just highlights the inappropriate nature "Name and Surname" column and other such things that are vestiges of a system that works to keep people "in their place".

As for his job, well, for better or for worse, that is written there is exactly what he does. If we think that for a person to be just that is inappropriate, it is even more reason to show exactly what the current situation is, so people can see clearly what we have. —iFaqeer (Talk to me!) 23:34, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC

The Prince of Wales with the style of Royal highness IS a profession! He represents our country as an ambassador to the Queen and undertakes various constitutional engagements as a result. This is reflected in the way that Diana, Princess of Wales seized to undertake Royal duties after her divorce from Prince Charles and all revenue given to her from the civil list were withdrawn as a result. Unfortunately, some inbred and those with lack of intelligence do not recognize this and all because of their dislike for an individual. I happen to work as an accountant and the fact that somebody out there may not like me, makes me no less an accountant.

Atkinson
I know I have to 'be bold' in updating pages, but since I'm not 200% sure, I'll just ask here:

It should be 'Rowan Atkinson' instead of 'Akinson', right?

If you can confirm that it was indeed the Mr.Bean/Blackadder actor who was there, please correct it... Thanks! Michaël 00:33, Apr 13, 2005 (UTC)

 * I saw Rowan Atkinson in that church. I also remember that Russian woman who sang a tune like the one in the "Hunt for the Red October". The daughters of the Duke of York said something to each-other. Maybe they were trying to find handsome men that they were not related to? The next thing on TV was the Royal Ascot. One would think that was the real topic that everyone (including these two girls) were thinking of. To make the wedding seem interesting, yes he was.--82.134.28.194 (talk) 11:55, 17 January 2011 (UTC)

What??
"As a result of the wedding, Camilla replaced HRH The Countess of Wessex as the highest-ranked female member of the Royal Family after Queen Elizabeth II" I thought it would be Princess Beatrice or Princess Anne, however you want to rank. --Kvasir 02:36, 21 September 2005 (UTC)

Because even if camilla become at least a princess consort it still a higher rank being the spouse of a heir and future king — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:40:C001:8713:491D:9A57:90D9:F453 (talk) 02:29, 30 August 2015 (UTC)

Title of this article
Shouldn't there be a comma after the word Wales? Shouldn't the title of the article be Wedding of Charles, Prince of Wales, and Camilla Parker Bowles? Surtsicna (talk) 20:56, 25 January 2010 (UTC)

 * Charles, Prince of Wales should be read and considered to be one self-contained unit. Seven Letters 16:57, 21 June 2010 (UTC)

 * That is not the case with Wedding of Charles, Prince of Wales, and Lady Diana Spencer. It also contradicts what is said in WP:COPYEDIT, Common edits, bullet point 7. 95.209.28.198 (talk) 20:02, 29 July 2010 (UTC)
 * Surtsicna is quite right. I've moved the page accordingly. -- Ħ   MIESIANIACAL  17:04, 16 November 2010 (UTC)

King Constantine II & Queen Anne Marie of the Hellenes?
I might be wrong, but didn't Greece abolish their monarchy in 1973? GoodDay (talk) 04:57, 14 January 2011 (UTC)

Well consider how much of a fuck up that was for greece yes but it could be restore later on it a tradition for greece lol but yea that dont mean you cant invite family plus the greek goverment are always piss of it funny call him the king the greeks goverment is piss (2601:40:C001:8713:491D:9A57:90D9:F453 (talk) 02:28, 30 August 2015 (UTC)). and it was 1074 the 19 73 wasnt conisder legal (2601:40:C001:8713:491D:9A57:90D9:F453 (talk) 02:28, 30 August 2015 (UTC))

1936 Abdication
I have deleted references to the 1936 abdication of Edward VIII; the relevance is questionable due to the fact that a church remarriage was impossible in 1936 but became possible in 2002; also the significant groundswell of negative public opinion against the marriage experienced in 1936 was largely absent in 2005 Clivemacd (talk) 19:02, 4 April 2015 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Wedding of Charles, Prince of Wales, and Lady Diana Spencer which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 15:02, 3 July 2018 (UTC)
 * Note: Related discussion is taking place at Talk:Wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton. —capmo (talk) 20:41, 3 July 2018 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Wedding of Prince Albert, Duke of York, and Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 22:32, 13 July 2018 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 8 September 2021
In the section headed “Questioning a civil royal wedding”, insert, after the paragraph ending “beyond doubt”, and before the paragraph beginning “eleven objections”, the following paragraph:

House of Commons Library Standard note SN/PC/03417, “Royal Marriages - Constitutional Issues” paragraph 4.2 describes Lord Falconer’s arguments as “breezy” and details widespread criticism: the former Attorney General (Sir Nicholas Lyell) and the then Shadow Attorney General (Dominic Grieve) were unconvinced by Lord Falconer’s arguments and called for legislation; Lord Falconer’s senior officials admitted that Lord Falconer’s opinion might not hold up in court; and David Pannick QC (now Baron Pannick) gave legal arguments refuting Lord Falconer’s claims. Robert Blackburn QC, Professor of Constitutional law at Kings College, says that Lord Falconer’s opinion flew in the face of any conventional reading of the statute book, and flew in the face of standard legal text books.

https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/SN03417/SN03417.pdf Bethyoung1729 (talk) 14:10, 8 September 2021 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done for now: This is a prime example of a WP:PRIMARY source. Unless this House of Commons debate was reported in secondary sources such as newspapers, or if there are articles about the topic in academic publication, it doesn't go in. RandomCanadian (talk / contribs) 23:27, 8 September 2021 (UTC)

 * All House of Commons debates are fully reported in the Official Report (Hansard).  Please explain why you consider this less reliable than newspaper reports, often penned by the "Parliamentary sketchwriter" whose job is to satirise the proceedings.   Bethyoung1729's source is not a primary source because it links to articles about the topic in academic publication:

 * Robert Blackburn's book King and Country
 * Papers by Stephen Cretney (note that the Registrar General's powers are limited to authorising the issue of a superintendent registrar's certificate - the question of whether an alleged marriage is valid is a matter for the court)
 * The 1956 advice to the Lord Chancellor
 * The 1964 advice by the Home Office

you are free to insert your proposed text as the protection has expired. 89.240.113.133 (talk) 13:16, 11 October 2021 (UTC)

(Lack of) public holiday
I know there was no extra bank holiday for this wedding but was the possibility ever mentioned? --Jameboy (talk) 16:39, 8 May 2023 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Donald E. Graham

Untitled
Current revision by 129.24.212.176 is blatantly in violation of NPOV. The controversy surrounding the Pulitzer should not be the center of the article, rather one point among many. GreetingsEarthling 23:58, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

"The Company owns the newspaper, as well as the educational services provider Kaplan, Inc., Post-Newsweek Stations, Cable One, Slate magazine, and other smaller companies. Donald Graham became CEO in 1991 and chairman of the company in May 1993, while Katharine Graham assumed the position of chairman of the executive committee of the Washington Post Company." Is outdated, as Bezos bought the newspaper and the other holdings were spun into Graham Holdings. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 107.181.108.170 (talk) 21:10, 11 December 2015 (UTC)

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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Donald E. Graham


text:
Rikuu East Line

The Rikuu East Line (陸羽東線) is a railway line in Japan, operated by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East). It connects Kogota Station in Misato, Miyagi Prefecture to Shinjō Station in Shinjō, Yamagata Prefecture, acting as a connector between the Tōhoku Main Line, Ōu Main Line, and Tōhoku Shinkansen in the southern Tōhoku region, and provides access to north-western Miyagi Prefecture and north-eastern Yamagata Prefecture.

Its name refers to the ancient provinces of Mutsu (陸奥) and Dewa (出羽) (or alternatively, the Meiji period provinces of Rikuzen (陸前) and Uzen (羽前)), which the line connects.

History
The Kogota - Naruko-Onsen section was opened in stages between 1913 and 1915, with the Shinjo - Naruko-Onsen section opened in stages between 1915 and 1917.

CTC signalling was commissioned in 1983, and freight services ceased in 1987.

The line celebrated its 100th anniversary on November 3, 2017, with a special train hauled by JNR Class DE10 locomotives.

Former connecting lines

 * Nishi-Furukawa station - A narrow gauge line ultimately extending 44 km to Tori-Machi, and connecting to the Senzan Line at Toshogu station, was opened by the Sendai City Council between 1922 and 1929. It closed in sections between 1937 and 1960.

Station list
Symbols:
 * ｜ - Single-track
 * ◇ - Single-track; station where trains can pass
 * ∨ - Single-track section starts from this point

Rolling stock

 * KiHa 110 series DMUs

Past

 * Resort Minori

title: Rikuu East Line


text:
Kálmán Széll

Kálmán Széll de Duka et Szentgyörgyvölgy (8 June 1843 – 16 August 1915) was a Hungarian politician who served as Prime Minister of Hungary from 1899 to 1903.

Early career
He was born in the ancient Hungarian noble family Széll de Duka et Szentgyörgyvölgy, that originally hailed from Vas County, in the western region of the Kingdom of Hungary. His father was József Széll (1801–1871), ispán-regent of Vas County, and his mother was a noblewoman, Júlia Bertha de Felsőőr (1817–1873).

Among his Hungarian noble ancestors were his maternal grandfather, Ignác Bertha de Felsőeőr (1780–1847), vice-ispán of Vas County, jurist, landowner, and his maternal great-grandfather, József Sümeghy de Lovász et Szentmargitha (1757–1832), royal counselor, jurist, landowner, and vice-ispán of Zala County.

He studied in Pest and Vienna, and in 1867 became deputy for the district of Szentgotthárd. He quickly garnered the reputation of being remarkably well informed on economic and financial questions. Széll was one of Ferenc Deák's confidants, whose ward, the daughter of the Hungarian poet Mihály Vörösmarty, he married.

In 1875, he was finance minister in the cabinet of Kálmán Tisza, and as such imposed on himself the task of restoring the shattered credit of Hungary. In 1878, he concluded with Austria the first economic "balancing" (Ausgleich).

At that time, the Austrian National Bank was changed, in conformity with this arrangement, into the Austro-Hungarian Bank, and Széll consolidated the Hungarian Rentes, and nearly succeeded in balancing the state finances. As he feared that this balance would again be upset by the occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, he resigned from the cabinet, incurring thereby the displeasure of the crown. He still kept his seat in parliament, and as deputy constantly criticized the financial policy of the Tisza cabinet.

At the beginning of the 1880s Széll founded the Hungarian Mortgage Credit Bank, of which he was governor until the end of his life. He opened entirely new sources of credit for Hungarian agriculture. He declined repeated offers of the portfolio of finance.

Prime Minister
When Dezső Bánffy's ministry suffered a serious crisis at the end of 1898 and was compelled to resign in February 1899, Széll was entrusted with the formation of a new cabinet. By means of the Pact of 23 February 1899, he restored parliamentary peace. On the basis of the so-called Széll formula, a new Ausgleich with Austria until the year 1907 was concluded after long negotiations. The most important result of this was that Hungary attained the status of an independent customs area, but, under the arrangement for reciprocity, still maintained intact the existing conditions of the Customs Union with Austria.

In 1901, under Széll's Ministry, the new elections resulted in a Liberal victory, and Prime Minister Széll formed a government. A year later began the struggle for the reform of the national defense, and Széll introduced in 1902 a law for increasing the number of recruits, in exchange for which the Independent Party — under the slogan of "no more soldiers without the introduction of Hungarian as the language service and command" — wanted concessions to the principle of nationality.

The obstruction against the provision for defense lasted from the end of January to 4 April 1903, and resulted in the suspension of the constitution ("Ex lex" condition). Széll sought to wear down the opposition by delay. As part of the majority would not agree to this, he resigned on 16 June 1903.

Party leader
When his successor, István Tisza, on 18 November 1904, brought about a split in the Liberal party by forcing through parliament new rules of procedure, Széll joined Gyula Andrássy in the secession from the party. Under the coalition cabinet of Sándor Wekerle, Széll was chosen chairman of the Constitution Party. He tried continually, but in vain, to bridge the opposition between Tisza and Andrássy.

Family
Széll married Ilona Vörösmarty, daughter of poet Mihály Vörösmarty on 16 September 1867. They had a daughter, named Ilona. His niece Marianne Csáky-Széll married Czech violinist Jan Kubelík.

title: Kálmán Széll


text:
Gersau

Gersau is a municipality and district in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland, sitting on the shores of Lake Lucerne. Gersau was for many centuries an independent micro-state in permanent alliance with the Swiss Confederation.

History
Gersau is first mentioned in 1064 as Gersouwe. The estates of Gersau gradually came into the hands of the Habsburgs, but in 1333, under dukes Albert II and Otto IV the Merry of Austria, the jurisdiction and rights over Gersau fell into the hands of Lucerne nobility. On 1359, Gersau allied with the Old Swiss Confederacy as a protectorate of the Confederacy, for its protection and to gain arms from the confederates. On 9 July 1386, the citizens of Gersau fought with the Swiss for the first time, on the battlefield of Sempach, where the banner of Count Rudolf of Hohenzollern was captured.

Republic of Gersau

The Republic of Gersau (called "altfrye Republik Gersau", literal "old-free Republik Gersau", in early modern times) was an independent small state in the area of today's Canton of Schwyz in Switzerland. It was created in 1390 when the residents of the village of Gersau bought themselves free from the rule by bailiffs from Lucerne and from then on exercised their rights themselves. In 1433 they were officially granted the status of a direct imperial free state in the Holy Roman Empire by Emperor Sigismund. After that, Gersau took care of its internal affairs for over three and a half centuries. Within the Confederation, the republic was a place that turned towards it and was under the protection and patronage of the four forest sites (Luzern, Schwyz, Uri and Unterwalden).

With the French invasion of 1798, the republic fell and was assigned to the canton of Waldstätten during the time of the Helvetic Republic. The mediation constitution decreed by Napoleon Bonaparte attached the village to the canton of Schwyz. After the end of Napoleon's rule, the inhabitants again proclaimed the Republic of Gersau in 1814, which was recognized by the old umbrella towns. Based on the provisions of the Congress of Vienna and the Federal Treaty of 1815, the canton of Schwyz strove to incorporate the 23.7 square kilometer republic located between the southern slope of the Rigi and the northern shore of Lake Lucerne. This was achieved in 1817 with the approval of the Diet. On January 1, 1818, the republic was dissolved; their area today forms the Gersau district.

Gersau purchased its liberty from the counts of Habsburg in 1390 for the sum of 690 Pfunds in pfennigs. The fate of the Vogtei and whether or not the municipality pledged to the Confederacy was then in the hands of Lucerners John, Peter and Agnes von Moos; as a result, the jurisdiction, Vogtei and tax rights went to the courtiers of Gersau, allowing a free municipality without being mortgaged to some other power. In Basel, in 1433, Gersau received original confirmation of the ancient freedoms, rights and privileges from Emperor Sigismund, thus becoming a Reichsunmittelbar municipality under the direct protection of the Holy Roman Emperor, with its own courts, covering an area of 24 km2.

During the French Revolutionary Wars Gersau was annexed into the Helvetic Republic, becoming a district of the canton of Waldstätten. After the Act of Mediation and the collapse of the Helvetic Republic, Gersau became a district of the canton of Schwyz until 1814, when it regained its independence, with Schwyzer approval, centred on the 1745 Rathaus, containing council chambers and a courtroom (now a museum).

In 1817, the Tagsatzung decided, on the basis of the Congress of Vienna and the first article of the Federal Treaty that Gersau should be united with the canton of Schwyz, which took effect the following year, against its wishes, becoming the sixth and last district of the canton of Schwyz.

Geography
Gersau is in a self-contained location, nestled in a sunny recess in the lee of the south face of Rigi. Gersau is protected from cool winds by the Rigi-Hochfluh and Gersauerstock peaks to the north, and the winds are further moderated by Lake Lucerne to the south. This produces a mild climate in which Sweet Chestnut trees thrive, and as a result of which Gersau is known in the region as the Riviera of Lake Lucerne.

Gersau has an area,, of 14.4 km2. Of this area, 40.3% is used for agricultural purposes, while 52.4% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 5.7% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (1.7%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains).

Until the mid 19th Century Gersau could only be reached by water or over the Gätterli pass from Lauerz. Since 1817 it has been the only municipality in the District of Gersau.

The Beckenried–Gersau car ferry links Gersau with Beckenried, on the opposite bank of Lake Lucerne.

Demographics
Gersau has a population (as of ) of. , 17.7% of the population was made up of foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years the population has decreased at a rate of −0.1%. Most of the population speaks German (90.6%), with Serbo-Croatian being second most common ( 2.0%) and Italian being third ( 1.7%).

the gender distribution of the population was 50.5% male and 49.5% female. The age distribution,, in Gersau is; 464 people or 24.0% of the population is between 0 and 19. 481 people or 24.9% are 20 to 39, and 657 people or 34.0% are 40 to 64. The senior population distribution is 180 people or 9.3% are 65 to 74. There are 105 people or 5.4% who are 70 to 79 and 47 people or 2.43% of the population who are over 80.

there are 799 households, of which 258 households (or about 32.3%) contain only a single individual. 41 or about 5.1% are large households, with at least five members.

In the 2007 election the most popular party was the SVP which received 39.5% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the CVP (28.9%), the FDP (14.9%) and the SPS (12.5%).

The entire Swiss population is generally well educated. In Gersau about 66.8% of the population (between age 25–64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule).

From the, 1,494 or 77.2% are Roman Catholic, while 132 or 6.8% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there are 69 individuals (or about 3.57% of the population) who belong to the Orthodox Church, and there are less than 5 individuals who belong to another Christian church. There are less than 5 individuals who are Jewish, and 60 (or about 3.10% of the population) who are Islamic. There are 18 individuals (or about 0.93% of the population) who belong to another church (not listed on the census), 90 (or about 4.65% of the population) belong to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 67 individuals (or about 3.46% of the population) did not answer the question.

Heritage sites of national significance
The Parish Church of St. Marzellus is listed as a Swiss heritage site of national significance. The entire village of Gersau is part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.

Economy
Historically, silk weaving and woodworking were the predominant industries. Today, however, tourism has become the main economic sector. Gersau has been a well-known health and vacation resort since 1860, with a significant number of hotels and guest houses.

Gersau has an unemployment rate of 1.62%. , there were 105 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 43 businesses involved in this sector. 129 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 25 businesses in this sector. 350 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 71 businesses in this sector.

Cuisine
Culinary specialties of Gersau include salty cheesecake and a dessert called Rahmschinken.

Born in Gersau

 * Walter Nigg (1903–1988), Theologian
 * Josef Maria Camenzind (1904–1984), Catholic priest and writer
 * Benno Ammann (1904–1986), conductor and composer
 * Oskar Camenzind (1971– ), former professional road racing cyclist, 1998 road cycling world champion

title: Gersau


text: Category:Vinaya Pitaka

title: Category:Vinaya Pitaka


text:
Business directory

A business directory is a website or printed listing of information which lists businesses within niche based categories. Businesses can be categorized by niche, location, activity, or size. Business may be compiled either manually or through an automated online search software. Online yellow pages are a type of business directory, as is the traditional phone book.

The details provided in a business directory may vary. They may include the business name, addresses, telephone numbers, location, contact information, type of service or products the business provides, the number of employees, the served region and any professional associations.

Some directories include a section for user reviews, comments, and feedback. Business directories in the past would take a printed format but have recently been upgraded to websites due to the advent of the internet.

Many business directories offer complimentary listings in addition to the premium options. There are many business directories and some of these have moved over to the internet and away from printed format. Whilst not being search engines, business directories often have a search function, enabling users to search businesses by Zip Code, country, state, area or city.

History
Previous business directories may have been called 'dictionaries', guides or handbooks.

Historians have linked the development of trade directories such as Kelly's trade directory, Bradshaw's railway timetables and guides and Mitchell's Press Directories to the growth of 'rational, scientific inquiry' and statistics in the nineteenth century.

Formats
Business directories can be in either hard copy or in digital format. Ease of use and distribution means that many trade directories have a digital version.

title: Business directory


text:
Marc Newson

Marc Andrew Newson (born 20 October 1963) is an Australian industrial designer, creative director, and artist who, in a career spanning nearly four decades, has worked in many industry sectors including furniture, product, and transportation design, luxury goods, fashion, and fine art. His work is primarily characterized by smooth geometric lines, organic shapes, an absence of sharp edges, and the use of transparency and translucency.

Newson's Lockheed Lounge chair holds the record for the highest price paid at auction for the work of a living designer. Design critic Alice Rawsthorn called Newson "one of the most influential designers of his generation", and fellow designer Jony Ive has described him as "fairly peerless now".

Early life and education
Newson was born in Sydney, Australia on 20 October 1963 to Carol and Paul Newson, an electrician. Carol was 19 years old when she was pregnant with Marc, and married Paul during the pregnancy. However, Paul left the family soon after Marc was born, and Carol moved back into her parents’ house to raise Marc.

Newson is of Greek origin on his mother's side.

He studied jewelry design and sculpture the Sydney College of the Arts, and graduated in 1984.

Career
In 1986 Newson was awarded a grant from the Australian Crafts Council and staged his first exhibition at Roslyn Oxley9 gallery, which featured the LC1, the first iteration of an idea that was later developed by Newson into the Lockheed Lounge in 1988. The following year he moved to Tokyo, where he mostly worked with the design company Idée, and where he created works such as the Super Guppy lamp (1987) and the Embryo Chair (1988). He describes his 1988 Embryo Chair as "one of the first pieces where I hit upon a discernible style".

He moved to Paris in 1991, where he set up a studio. He co-founded the Ikepod watch company in 1994, leaving the company in 2012. In 1997 he moved to London, where he and business partner Benjamin de Haan set up Marc Newson Ltd. He has served as an adjunct professor of design at Sydney College of the Arts (where he first studied sculpture and jewellery) and as creative director for Qantas.

He was hired by Jony Ive and joined Apple as a senior vice president of design in September 2014. In June 2019, Newson joined LoveFrom, a design consultancy founded by Ive upon his departure from Apple.

Marc Newson has been represented by Galerie kreo, in Paris, since the year 2000. He is also the only industrial designer represented by the Larry Gagosian gallery.

Speaking about his work and methodology in Domus magazine, Newson states that “You can draw a curve on the paper and know immediately that it is the right one, but you can not do the same to the computer; the curve is not realized with a function or using a digital guide, it is a form that is drawn freehand.”

Awards and recognition
1999: commemorative postage stamp series celebrating Australian design featured an image of Newson's Embryo Chair on a 90c stamp.

2005: selected as one of Time magazine's 100 most influential people of the year.

2011: winner of the Lucky Strike Designer Award

2012: appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2012 New Year Honours for services to design.

2013: the Philadelphia Museum of Art staged a retrospective of his work titled Marc Newson: At Home. He also received the museum's Collab Design Excellence Award on the same occasion.

2022: awarded an Honorary Doctorate by the Royal College of Art in London

2023: winner of Australian Design Prize in the Australian Good Design Awards.

His work has become amongst the highest selling in auctions. An example of his Lockheed Lounge chair sold for $968,000 at Sotheby's in 2006, and £1,100,000 at a 2009 auction at Phillips de Pury & Company. At the 2006 Design Miami fair he produced 12 Chop Top tables, all of which sold out in 20 minutes at an estimated $170,000. In April 2015 his Lockheed Lounge chair sold at auction for £UK2.4 million ($AU4.69 million), making it the most expensive object ever sold by a living designer.

Personal life
Newson married Charlotte Stockdale, a fashion stylist, in 2008. They have two children and live in Bibury Court, a mansion in the Cotswolds that was converted from its previous use as a hotel. They also have homes in London, Paris, and Greece.

Every year he races one of his four vintage sports cars – an Aston Martin, a Lamborghini, a Ferrari and a Cisitalia – in the Italian Mille Miglia, while wearing bespoke tweed driving suits by H. Huntsman & Sons, and was quoted as saying: "I'm not a motor head, I don't like the new versions of any of those cars."

One of Newson's best friends is Sir Jonathan Ive of Apple Inc., whom he met in Japan. In a 2012 article in The New York Times, Ive described Newson's work: "I think Marc is fairly peerless now. Marc's forms are often imitated, but what other designers seldom imitate is his preoccupation with materials and processes. You have to start with an understanding of the material. Often your innovation is just coming up with a new way to use material."

In 2013, Ive and Newson collaborated on an auction at Sotheby's for Bono's Product Red charity. Over forty objects – "each of which we both like ... functional and capable of being made in volume", per Ive; "deeply personal" per Newson – were curated, modified or designed over a two year period for the auction and show to benefit The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. The auction raised $13 million which was subsequently matched by The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, bringing the total raised to approximately $26 million.

Works
Newson’s work has been exhibited in both group exhibitions and in solo shows, with the most recent one being At Home, at the Philadelphia Museum of Art (2013). Objects he has designed include:

Furniture and products

 * "LC1 Chaise Lounge" (1985 precursor to the Lockheed Lounge, with Eckhard Reissig)
 * "Peanut chair" (designed in 1988 with Eckhard Reissig)
 * "LC2 Lockheed Lounge" (designed in 1988–90 shortly after he graduated from school and one of the items that established Newson as a designer)
 * Embryo Chair (1988)
 * Pod of drawers
 * "Chop Top" table
 * New range for Smeg (appliances) in 2009–2010
 * Furniture for Cappellini
 * Helice Floor Lamp for Flos S.p.A. (company)
 * Ikepod watches
 * A collection of fittings and a sink for Ideal Standard in 2003
 * The "Zvezdochka" shoe for Nike in 2004
 * A Magnum Presentation Set for Dom Pérignon in 2006 and 2010 Black Box
 * The "Dish Doctor" for Magis (company) in 1997
 * The "Scope" series of luggage for Samsonite
 * The "Atmos 561" and "Atoms 566" clocks for Jaeger-LeCoultre
 * Cookware for Tefal
 * Items for Alessi
 * Drinking glasses for Iittala
 * Clothes for the clothing company G-Star Raw
 * Timepieces for freelance companies
 * "Kelvin 40" concept jet for the Fondation Cartier pour l'Art Contemporain
 * Pentax K-01 mirrorless interchangeable lens camera (2012)
 * Louis Vuitton Celebrating Monogram Backpack (2014)
 * Caroma range of plumbing fixtures
 * Apple Watch Sport, Apple Watch, Apple Watch Edition (2015)
 * Decanter design for Hennessy's new Cognac, James Hennessy (2015)
 * Montblanc M pen (2015)
 * Sunbeam Toaster (2015)
 * Louis Vuitton luggage (2016)
 * Hourglass (2015)
 * Newson Aluminium Chair for Knoll (2018)
 * Swarovski Optik CL Curio 7x21 Binoculars (2021)
 * Newson Task Chair for Knoll (2022)
 * Swarovski Optik Ax Visio 10x32 Binoculars with built-in AI bird recognition technology (2024)
 * Sukeban wrestling championship belt (2024)

Transportation

 * MN bicycles for Biomega (1999–2008)
 * Trek Art Bike for Lance Armstrong LiveStrong (2009)
 * Ford 021C concept car for the Ford Motor Company (1999)
 * Qantas International Skybed I (angled flat bed) and II (fully lie-flat bed) business class seat and Airbus A380 economy class seat, winner of the 2009 Australian International Design Award of the Year
 * Cabin design for the Sky Jet (2007), an airline/rocket ship (by EADS Astrium) planning to take passengers into space from 2012.
 * Riva Aquariva speedboat (announced in 2010, limited edition of 22 units)
 * Qantas A330 business class suite in 2013
 * Qantas premium economy seat

Weapons

 * 486 shotgun, Beretta, ducks foot (2014)
 * "Aikuchi" Samurai sword
 * Sintered bronze and Damascus steel knife

Interiors, installations, and events

 * Newson designed the Qantas first class lounges in Melbourne and Sydney, as well as the invitation-only Chairman's Lounges.
 * In 1995 Newson designed Coast restaurant in London (in collaboration with architect Robert Grace).
 * He designed the Canteen restaurant in the early 2000s and the Lever House Restaurant & Bar in 2003 (in collaboration with the architect Sebastien Segers), both in New York.
 * In 2005 he designed the bar and the 6th floor of the Hotel Puerta America in Madrid, where each floor was designed by a world-renowned architect or designer.
 * He was selected as the artistic director for the 2011 Sydney New Year's Eve fireworks display.
 * He has also designed homes for himself in Paris, London, the Cotswolds, and Greece.
 * In 2023 he unveiled his design for a "trustworthy and honest" public toilet in Tokyo.

title: Marc Newson


text:
Dezső Bánffy

Baron Dezső Bánffy de Losonc (Desiderius Bánffy; 28 October 1843 – 24 May 1911) was a Hungarian politician who served as Prime Minister of Hungary from 1895 to 1899.

Biography
The son of Baron Dániel Bánffy and Anna Gyárfás, Dezső Bánffy was born in Kolozsvár, Hungary (now Cluj-Napoca, Romania) on 28 October 1843, and educated at the Berlin and Leipzig universities.

As lord lieutenant of the county of Belső-Szolnok, chief captain of Kővár and curator of the Reformed Church of Transylvania, Bánffy exercised considerable political influence outside parliament from 1875 onwards, but his public career may be said to have begun in 1892, when he became speaker of the house of deputies. As speaker he continued, however, to be a party-man (he had always been a member of the left-centre or government party) and materially assisted the government by his rulings. He was a stringent adversary of the radicals, and caused some sensation by absenting himself from the capital on the occasion of Lajos Kossuth's funeral on 1 April 1894.

On 14 January 1895, the king, after the fall of the Kálmán Széll ministry, entrusted him with the formation of a cabinet. His programme, in brief, was the carrying through of the church reform laws with all due regard to clerical susceptibilities, and the maintenance of the Composition of 1867, whilst fully guaranteeing the predominance of Hungary. He succeeded in carrying the remaining ecclesiastical bills through the Upper House, despite the vehement opposition of the papal nuncio Antonio Agliardi, a triumph which brought about the fall of Gustav Kálnoky, the minister for foreign affairs, but greatly strengthened the ministry in Hungary. In the ensuing elections of 1896 the government won a gigantic majority. The drastic electoral methods of Bánffy had, however, contributed somewhat to this result, and the corrupt practices were the pretext for the fierce opposition in the House which he henceforth had to encounter, though the measures which he now introduced (the Honvéd Officers' Schools Bill) would, in normal circumstances, have been received with general enthusiasm.

Bánffy's resoluteness enabled him to weather all these storms, and his subsequent negotiations with Austria as to the quota and commercial treaties, to the considerable political advantage of Hungary, even enabled him for a time to live at peace with the opposition. But in 1898 the opposition, now animated by personal hatred, took advantage of the ever-increasing difficulties of the government in the negotiations with Austria, and refused to pass the budget till a definite understanding had been arrived at. They refused to be satisfied with anything short of the dismissal of Bánffy, and passion ran so high that on 3 January 1899 Bánffy fought a duel with his most bitter opponent, Horánszky.

On 26 February Bánffy resigned, to save the country from its "ex-lex," or unconstitutional situation; he was decorated by the king and received the freedom of the city of Buda. Subsequently, he contributed to overthrow the István Tisza administration, and in May 1905 joined the Ferenc Kossuth ministry.

In 1906 Bánffy broke with the coalition on the military questions at issue with the king, which he wished to eliminate, and in 1908 he became leader of the progressive elements and, as president of the Franchise League, began an agitation for universal, secret, and equal suffrage. In 1910 he became president of the Reform Club.

title: Dezső Bánffy


text:
Old Deuteronomy

Old Deuteronomy is a character in T. S. Eliot's 1939 Old Possum's Book of Practical Cats and its 1981 musical adaptation, Cats. He is a wise and beloved elderly cat, further serving as the Jellicle patriarch in the musical. The role of Old Deuteronomy originated by Brian Blessed in the West End in 1981, and by Ken Page on Broadway in 1982. Judi Dench plays Old Deuteronomy in the 2019 film adaptation.

Poem
In Eliot's original poem, Old Deuteronomy is described as an ancient, wise cat who has "lived many lives in succession" and is respected by the other cats and humans (and perhaps even dogs) around him. His name derives from the biblical Book of Deuteronomy, which shares the central element of law with the character (who is a magistrate).

Musical
Cats expands on the theme of wisdom by depicting Old Deuteronomy as the leader of the show's Jellicle tribe, providing comfort and guidance to the other characters. He also has the task of making the "Jellicle Choice" and choosing the cat who will ascend to the Heaviside Layer. Much of the plot of Cats is fueled by this premise; several characters perform and try to convince Old Deuteronomy to choose them. Towards the end of the show, Old Deuteronomy is kidnapped by Macavity and eventually rescued by Mr. Mistoffelees. He then persuades the other cats to listen to Grizabella, selects her to be reborn, and escorts her to the Heaviside Layer.

More has been revealed about Old Deuteronomy's past than most of the other Jellicle cats, although how much of it is true is debatable. He is alleged to have been alive long before Queen Victoria was crowned and has been mated numerous times (supposedly, anywhere between nine and ninety-nine). Though Old Deuteronomy has outlived his partners, he has had numerous progeny.

Old Deuteronomy has three songs in Cats, including the final number, "The Ad-dressing of Cats." He is traditionally played by a high baritone or tenor who can hit G♯.

Appearance
Old Deuteronomy has a full beard and, unlike the unitard that the other characters don, his costume consists of a loose-fitting shaggy coat.

Notable casting
The role of Old Deuteronomy was originated by Brian Blessed in the West End in 1981, and by Ken Page on Broadway in 1982. Quentin Earl Darrington played the character in the 2016 Broadway revival. West End star Dave Willetts portrayed the role in the 20th anniversary cast of the West End production.

On screen, Page reprised the role for the 1998 filmed version, being the only cast member from the original Broadway cast to appear in the film. Judi Dench portrayed a female Old Deuteronomy in the 2019 film adaptation.

General references

 * Old Possum's Book of Practical Cats, T.S. Eliot, Harcourt, 1982, ISBN 0-15-168656-4
 * A Cat's Diary: How the Broadway Production of Cats was born, Stephen Hanan, Smith & Kraus, 2002, ISBN 1-57525-281-3

title: Old Deuteronomy


text:
Thompson-Lundmark Mine

The Thompson-Lundmark Mine was a gold producer in the periods 1941–1943 and 1947–1949, near Yellowknife, Northwest Territories. Gold was discovered here in 1938 by Fred W. Thompson and Roy Lundmark, who staked 46 claims which were incorporated into the mine. Underground and shaft work began in 1939. The mine processed 133,989 tons of ore to produce 70,339 ozt of gold and 13,782 ozt of silver. The abandoned site was destroyed by forest fires during 1998.

title: Thompson-Lundmark Mine


text: Category:Abhidhamma Pitaka

title: Category:Abhidhamma Pitaka


text:
Colebatch

Colebatch may refer to:
 * Colebatch, Shropshire, a village in England
 * Colebatch, South Australia, a locality
 * Hal Colebatch, former Premier of Western Australia
 * his son Hal Gibson Pateshall Colebatch, Australian author and journalist
 * Hundred of Colebatch, a cadastral unit in South Australia
 * John Colebatch

title: Colebatch


text:
Talk:Paikea

Untitled
How can you prove or tell that paikea is a child to paptuanuku and Ranginui
 * The early version of this page was incorrect. Mohi Ruatapu gives a genealogy of Paikea in which he is about 15 or 16 generations after Hine-manuhiri, a daughter of Tane (who was a son of Papatuanuku and Ranginui) - see Reedy 1993:146-147, and note 115, p. 232.Kahuroa 20:38, 1 April 2006 (UTC)

 * why is this religious story repeated as verifiable fact? --Charlesknight 13:41, 11 November 2006 (UTC)
 * It isn't. The article begins, "According to Māori tradition,...". Nor has the story got any religious content; but the article suggests the influence of biblical narrative on some of the details. Koro Neil (talk) 01:46, 21 December 2008 (UTC)

Gender
In the entry Ruatapu it states that Ruatapu is male, but in this entry s/he is female. Can anyone help? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Si1965 (talk • contribs) 23:11, 5 July 2008 (UTC)

 * In the original article, Ruatapu was male. User 76.104.168.23 feminised him in a series of edits on Feb 14, 2008. A few edits on other articles by the same user don't appear vandalistic in intent. This is the only female Ruatapu I have encountered. Possibly the editor concerned knows a variant of the story where Ruatapu is a woman. If that is the case, it would be better (I think) to have Ruatapu as male, with a comment added (if anyone knows this for sure) that in some variants Ruatapu is Kahutia-te-rangi's sister. Koro Neil (talk) 01:29, 21 December 2008 (UTC)

I just started remasculinising Ruatapu, but there are citations of Reedy with feminine pronouns, which may be the the editor's source for a female Ruatapu. I can't alter a direct quote without seeing the actual source, so I am leaving it in the meantime. Koro Neil (talk) 01:39, 21 December 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Paikea


text:
Gyula Szapáry

Count Gyula Szapáry de Szapár, Muraszombat et Széchy-Sziget, Arhaically English: Julius Szapáry, French: Jules Szapáry  (1 November 1832 – 20 January 1905) was a Hungarian politician who served as Prime Minister of Hungary from 1890 to 1892.

Biography
Born into a prominent Hungarian noble family and large estate owners. His parents were Count József Szapáry, a royal counselor and Baroness Anna Orczy de Orczi. He was a cousin of Count Frigyes Szapáry, who served as ambassador at St. Petersburg at the outbreak of World War I.

Szapáry married Countess Karolina Festetics de Tolna (1838–1919). They had seven children (including Lőrinc Szapáry). His great-grandchild is György Szapáry economist, former deputy governor of the Hungarian National Bank and ambassador to the United States from January 2011 to January 2015.

Political career
He studied law, entered the government service and became Viscount (vicecomes) of Heves County. He spent nine legislative sessions for the Liberal Party as a representative in the Diet of Hungary. He was elected Count (comes) of Heves in 1867. In 1870 he became Secretary to the Transport Ministry, Interior Minister in 1873, finance minister from 1878 to 1887 in the cabinet of Kálmán Tisza, then also Minister for Transport and Minister of Agriculture from 1889. During his tenure as prime minister of Hungary from 13 March 1890 to 17 November 1892 were laws to promote the industrial, social reform and currency reform, switching silver-based Forint to the gold-based Korona, to be carried out by Finance Minister Sándor Wekerle.

Szapáry was a cautious and moderate liberal politician, technocratic, or bureaucrat described, but he was able to rely on experienced ministers, which he had largely taken from the Tisza government. Therefore, his government was essentially also the policy of his predecessor. An administrative and ecclesiastical reform but without success and after the national opposition won the parliamentary elections 1892. Sándor Wekerle succeeded him.

Wekerle, Dezső Szilágyi, Gábor Baross and Albin Csáky were all members of his cabinet. The relative success of his government was possible due to the high ministers. Szapáry was appointed Master of the Treasury in 1900. He served as president of the Credit Bank since 1904.

Personal life
He married Karolina Festetics de Tolna on 30 May 1864 with whom he had 7 children including Lőrinc Szapáry.

title: Gyula Szapáry


text:
Mary Colter

Mary Elizabeth Jane Colter (April 4, 1869 – January 8, 1958) was an American architect and designer. She was one of the very few female American architects in her day. She was the designer of many landmark buildings and spaces for the Fred Harvey Company and the Santa Fe Railroad, notably in Grand Canyon National Park. Her work had enormous influence as she helped to create a style, blending Spanish Colonial Revival and Mission Revival architecture with Native American motifs and Rustic elements, that became popular throughout the Southwest. Colter was a perfectionist, who spent a lifetime advocating and defending her aesthetic vision in a largely male-dominated field.

Early life and education
Mary Colter was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania to Irish immigrants William and Rebecca Crozier Colter. Her family moved to Colorado and Texas before settling down in St. Paul, Minnesota, the town she considered to be her home, when Mary was eleven.

In 1880, the town of St. Paul was boasting a population of 40,000 people and a large minority population of Sioux Indians. As a child, a family friend, John Graham, presented the Colter family with Sioux drawings, made by prisoners at Fort Keogh. This is the point where her fascination with the Native American cultures began. When the Indian community was ravaged by a smallpox outbreak, Colter's mother tried to burn all of the Native American things they had for fear that it would get her family sick. Mary, however, hid those drawings from her mother and so prevented them from being burned. Mary also kept these same Sioux drawings for much of her life, bequeathing them to the Custer Battlefield National Monument in 1956.

Colter graduated high school in 1883 at the age of 14. After her father died in 1886, Colter attended the California School of Design (now the San Francisco Art Institute) until 1890, where she studied art and design. She promised that, when she graduated, she would return to St. Paul to financially support her mother and older sister, who was chronically ill. While in San Francisco, she apprenticed in an architect's office to gain experience and support herself. She was taught by teachers including Arthur Frank Mathews, who painted the earliest known portrait of Colter.

After teaching at the Stout Manual Training School in Menomonie, Wisconsin for a year, Colter moved back to St. Paul and taught art, drafting, and architecture for some years. Colter taught at the Mechanic Arts High School for fifteen years and lectured at the University Extension School. At this time, she was involved in the Arts and Crafts movement. She was also a clubwoman, and gave several lectures and classes related to art.

Career
By one account, in 1902, Minnie Harvey Huckel helped Colter obtain a summer job with her family's Fred Harvey Company (operator of the famous railstop Harvey House restaurants), decorating the Indian Building at the Alvarado Hotel in Albuquerque (since demolished). The Indian Buildings, one of Minnie's ideas executed by her husband, were meant to entertain passengers as trains made stops to replenish water and fuel. Colter was given the challenge of arranging salesrooms so tourists could imagine displaying goods in their homes. She also worked with Charles Whittlesey on the El Tovar Hotel and began designing a curio shop. Upon returning to St. Paul to teach in the fall, Colter continued her work on the curio shop, which became the Hopi House.

For the next seven years, Colter continued working for Harvey from St. Paul. She continued teaching and her involvement in art and clubs in the city. In 1908, Colter moved with her mother and sister to Seattle to take a position developing the Decoration Department for the Frederick and Nelson department store in Seattle. Colter left the position in 1909, when her mother became ill and died. The Colter sisters returned to St. Paul to bury their mother in the family plot.

Colter began working full-time for the company in 1910, moving from interior designer to architect in a position based in Kansas City. For the next 38 years, Colter served as chief architect and decorator for the Fred Harvey Company. As one of the country's few female architects – and arguably the most outstanding – Colter worked in often rugged conditions to complete 21 landmark hotels, commercial lodges, and public spaces for the Fred Harvey Company, by then being run by the founder's sons.

Fred Harvey developed the West along the Santa Fe's main route through strategic use of restaurant efficiency, clean-cut and pretty young women, high-end tourism, and quality souvenirs. Anthropologists on his staff located the most appealing Native American art and artifacts like pottery, jewelry, and leatherwork. His merchandisers designed goods based on those artifacts. And in strategic locations, Colter produced commercial architecture with striking decor, based on some concern for authenticity, floorplans calculated for good user experience and commercial function, and a playful sense of the dramatic inside and out.

The Santa Fe railroad bought the La Fonda hotel on the plaza of the old city of Santa Fe, New Mexico, in 1925 and leased it to the Harvey Company to operate. For a major expansion, Colter was assigned to do the interior design and decorating. She hired artists and artisans from the nearby pueblos to make the furniture. Native American styles were employed in hand-crafted chandeliers, copper and tin lighting fixtures, tiles and textiles, and other ornamentation. La Fonda became the most successful of the Harvey House hotels. Its striking blend of Pueblo people and Spanish artistic influences, today known locally as the Santa Fe Style, became very popular across the region.

Grand Canyon buildings

Colter created a series of remarkable works in the Grand Canyon National Park, mostly on the South Rim: the 1905 Hopi House, the 1914 Hermit's Rest and observatory Lookout Studio, and the 1932 Desert View Watchtower, a 70 ft rock tower with a hidden steel structure, as well as the 1935 Bright Angel Lodge complex, and the 1922 Phantom Ranch buildings at the bottom of the canyon. Colter also decorated, but did not design, the park's El Tovar Hotel. In 1987, the Mary Jane Colter Buildings, as a group, were listed as a National Historic Landmark. (She also designed the 1936 Victor Hall for men, and the 1937 Colter Hall, a dormitory for Fred Harvey's women employees.)

Colter worked with Pueblo Revival architecture, Spanish Colonial Revival architecture, Mission Revival architecture, Streamline Moderne, American Craftsman, and Arts and Crafts Movement styles, often synthesizing several together evocatively. Colter's work is credited with inspiring the Pueblo Deco style.

The Harvey Company got the concession in 1922 to operate a camp at the bottom of the Grand Canyon. Considering the Phantom Ranch's location, Colter's use of on-site fieldstone and rough-hewn wood was deemed the only practical thing for the permanent buildings that replaced tents. In the following years this innovative work became a de facto model for subsequent National Park Service and Civilian Conservation Corps structures, influencing the look and feel of an entire genre of parkitecture, often called National Park Service Rustic. Her structures at the Grand Canyon set the precedent for using on-site materials and bold, large-scale design elements.

For her Bright Angel Lodge on the South Rim, she used a 6 ft scale model to ensure that the lodge and cabins fit into the landscape. The lodge features a remarkable "geological fireplace" in the History Room, with rocks arranged ceiling to floor in the same order as the geologic strata along the Bright Angel Trail down the canyon wall.

A chain-smoking perfectionist, Colter cared about backstory and attractive features. She conceived Hermit's Rest as a sort of folly, as if it had been wired together by a reclusive mountain man. The Hopi House was a market for Native American crafts, made by Hopi artisans on the site, and designed in sandstone to resemble a Hopi pueblo. (Unfortunately, a recent cleaning eliminated the artificial age-effects.) The Watchtower was the product of travel and research, and she cared enough to herself prepare a Manual for Drivers and Guides Descriptive of the Indian Watchtower at Desert View and its Relation, Architecturally, to the Prehistoric Ruins of the Southwest. The original paintings inside the tower were by Hopi artist Fred Kabotie. She also insisted on her proposed name "Phantom Ranch" (over "Roosevelt Ranch") to capitalize on better mental images.

Other works
Colter's pioneering masterwork may have been the 1923 El Navajo in Gallup, New Mexico, remarkable for its forward-looking fusion of a Native American-inspired design on the severe Art Deco building by Santa Fe Railway architect A. E. Harrison. Her breakthrough creation incorporated Navajo sand paintings and rugs with hand-carved and hand-painted furniture. The original plans sketched about 100 bedrooms and 15 shared baths, making the structure physically obsolete before it was razed to make way for widening Route 77 in 1957, shortly before Colter's death. (She saw demolitions of a few other projects before she died, causing her to despair, "It's possible to live too long.")

Mary Colter herself declared the 1930 La Posada Hotel to be her masterpiece. The sprawling, hacienda-style Spanish Colonial Revival building in Winslow, Arizona, has been called "the last great railroad hotel built in America". She was architect and designer for the entire resort, from the buildings to the acres of gardens, the furniture, china – even the maids' uniforms. Closed in 1957, in a long decline it was first a drab 1960s office building for the Santa Fe, and then was empty when the National Trust for Historic Preservation placed the hotel on its annual "Most Endangered" list. Allen Affeldt heard about the endangered masterpiece, and in 1996 he and his wife Tina Mion, an artist, purchased it, and soon reopened parts of the hotel for business. However, the hotel was without many of the design elements, which had been auctioned off. Today, a museum of Mion's paintings is on the second floor; works by Dan Lutzick line the sculpture court; a museum of Route 66 is going into the former depot. The compound and gardens, being restored to the original and intended grandeur, are the core elements of the La Posada Historic District on the National Register.

Late in her career, Colter designed the exuberant Harvey House restaurant at the 1939 Los Angeles Union Station. Under a spectacular arched ceiling, a dazzling floor appears to be random zigzags and geometrics; from another angle the pattern turns out to be a block-long Navajo blanket made of linoleum tiles. The fabulous dining room and her sleek, Streamline Moderne cocktail lounge were padlocked except for occasional movie shoots and Los Angeles Conservancy tours until 2018. On 4 October 2018, the restaurant was reopened as Imperial Western Beer Company.

Not long before her retirement, Colter took on the 1947 renovation of the Painted Desert Inn in Arizona's Petrified Forest National Park. During the Depression, a 1922 inn had been overhauled by Civilian Conservation Corps workers to the Mission Revival style, using local materials and Native American motifs. Then Colter supervised the refreshening, provided a new color scheme, and commissioned Hopi artist Fred Kabotie to put murals in the dining areas. Showing that she was unafraid of the modern when the situation called for it, Colter installed plate glass windows to open up views of the splendid scenery. Closed in 1963, the inn survived a threatened demolition, and was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987. It reopened in 2006, restored to the way it looked circa 1949 after Colter's redesign.

Colter was the creator of Mimbreño china and flatware for the glamorous Super Chief Chicago–Los Angeles rail service, begun in 1936 by the Santa Fe Railroad. Colter, herself by then an Indian art expert, based her designs on 1100 CE Mimbres patterns excavated by her friends Harriet and Cornelius Cosgrove at the Swarts Ruin in New Mexico from 1924 to 1927. Mimbreño china was produced by the Onondaga Pottery Co. of Syracuse, New York under its better-known trade name, Syracuse China, until 1970. The luxury Super Chief and business class dining services were discontinued after the train was turned over to Amtrak in May 1971 (today the Southwest Chief covers the route). Later that year Mimbreño plates and pieces became available to ordinary individuals for the first time, disposed of in two large public offerings. Mimbreño railroad china remains avidly and competitively collected, with single plates selling for many hundreds of dollars. A line of authorized reproductions has been sold since 1989.

Legacy
Colter retired to Santa Fe, New Mexico, in 1948. She donated her collection of Native American pottery and Indian relics to Mesa Verde National Park. She had to watch as many of her famous works were destroyed during her lifetime as automobile travel replaced train travel.

Colter died on January 8, 1958.

Four of her Grand Canyon National Park buildings are protected within the Mary Jane Colter National Historic Landmark District.

Awards and honors

 * 1986: Arizona Women's Hall of Fame
 * 2009: National Cowgirl Museum and Hall of Fame

Architectural

 * Hopi House, Grand Canyon Village, 1905
 * Hermit's Rest, Grand Canyon Village, 1914
 * Lookout Studio, Grand Canyon Village, 1914
 * Phantom Ranch, Grand Canyon Village, 1922
 * El Navajo, Gallup, New Mexico, 1923
 * La Posada Hotel, Winslow, Arizona, 1930
 * Desert View Watchtower, Grand Canyon Village, 1932
 * Bright Angel Lodge, Grand Canyon Village, 1935
 * Painted Desert Inn, Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona, 1947

Interior design

 * Indian Building at the Alvarado Hotel, Albuquerque, New Mexico, c. 1902 (Demolished)
 * El Tovar Hotel, Grand Canyon Village
 * El Ortiz, Lamy, New Mexico (Demolished)
 * La Fonda, Santa Fe, New Mexico, 1925,
 * Harvey House Restaurant, Union Station, Los Angeles, 1939

Industrial design

 * Mimbreño China, Santa Fe Railroad Super Chief, 1936

title: Mary Colter


text:
Discovery Mine

The Discovery Mine was a gold mine 84 kilometers northeast (approx bearing of 15 degrees) of Yellowknife, Northwest Territories that operated between 1950 and 1969. Gold was discovered here by Alfred Giauque in 1944. A complete townsite, on Giauque Lake, was established by the company to house workers and their families. The mine produced one million troy ounces (31,000 kg) of gold from one million tons of ore. The abandoned townsite, not accessible by road, was demolished in 2005.

Discovery Mine was serviced by air and had an unpaved airstrip to fly people and supplies in and out. After the mine was abandoned, the airstrip was often used by flying instructors from Yellowknife to teach their students emergency landing procedures on abandoned airstrips. As late as the early 1980s, the airstrip was in sufficiently good shape to use, with only a few potholes even after more than ten years. An aerial view of the lake at that time showed it to be crystal clear, with an unobstructed view to the rocky bottom and a beautiful blue colour. A tailings spill in the early 1960s deposited contaminated waste into the Lake. The short-life cyanide was undetectable within a few years, but the residual mercury remained in the sediment and entered the food chain. Declining concentrations of mercury in the fish since 1975 has occurred as the contaminated wastes are naturally buried. Clean-up of the townsite and tailings concluded in 2005 with no detectable contaminants in Giauque Lake water. Continuous monitoring since then continues to report no detectable contamination of the waters.

Additional mineralization discovered in 1994 led to renewed development of the area. Tyhee Development Corp of Vancouver, B.C. planned to exploit the over 1 million ounces of gold identified on site. In 2010 Tyhee (renamed Tyhee Gold Corp) completed a Preliminary Feasibility Study reporting 2.2 million ounces of gold in five zones, two of which are contiguous with the Discovery Mine. In 2011 Tyhee advanced their permitting of a new mine to the Developers Assessment Report stage of the Mackenzie Valley Environmental Impact Review process. A Feasibility Study completed in 2012 reported positive economics from a combined mining operation exploiting Reserves identified on the Discovery Mine Property, and two other satellite zones. A central milling site at the Discovery Mine was proposed. Tyhee became insolvent and in 2017 they voluntarily entered receivership and all of its assets were purchased by GoldMining Inc. of Vancouver.

title: Discovery Mine


text:
Bruce Eric Kaplan

Bruce Eric Kaplan (born 1965 (age 31)) is an American cartoonist whose single-panel cartoons frequently appear in The New Yorker. His cartoons are known for their signature simple style and often dark humor. Kaplan is also a screenwriter and has worked on Seinfeld and on Six Feet Under. Kaplan wove his New Yorker cartooning into Seinfeld with the episode, "The Cartoon." He graduated from Wesleyan University and studied there with Professor Jeanine Basinger.

Kaplan joined the crew of Six Feet Under during the first season in 2001, as a supervising producer. He scripted two episodes of the first season, "The Foot" and "The New Person." He was promoted to co-executive producer for the second season in 2002 and wrote another two episodes, "The Invisible Woman" and "The Secret." He remained a co-executive producer for the third season, in 2003, and wrote an episode entitled "The Trap". He was promoted to executive producer for the fourth season, in 2004, and wrote another episode, "The Dare." He served as executive producer during the fifth and final season and wrote his last episode "The Silence." Kaplan wrote seven episodes for the series. In 2012, he became a co-executive producer on, and wrote for, the HBO series Girls.

Books

 * No One You Know: A Collection of Cartoons (1999) Simon & Schuster ISBN 0-684-85919-X
 * The Cat That Changed My Life: 50 Cats Talk Candidly About How They Became Who They Are (2002) Simon & Schuster ISBN 0-7432-1944-9
 * This Is A Bad Time: A Collection of Cartoons (2004) Simon & Schuster ISBN 0-7432-5218-7
 * Every Person on the Planet: An Only Somewhat Anxiety-Filled Tale for the Holidays (2005) Simon & Schuster ISBN 0-7432-7470-9
 * Someone Farted (2007)
 * Edmund and Rosemary Go to Hell: A Story We All Really Need Now More Than Ever (2007) Simon & Schuster ISBN 1-4165-4549-2
 * Monsters Eat Whiny Children (2010)
 * Everything Is Going to Be Okay: A Book for You or Someone Like You (2011) Simon & Schuster ISBN 978-1-4165-5692-3
 * I Was a Child: A Memoir (2015) Blue Rider Press ISBN 978-0-3991-6951-9
 * I Was a Child: A Memoir (2015) Blue Rider Press ISBN 978-0-3991-6951-9

Six Feet Under episodes

 * The Foot (2001)
 * The New Person (2001)
 * The Invisible Woman (2002)
 * The Secret (2002)
 * The Trap (2003)
 * The Dare (2004)
 * The Silence (2005)

Seinfeld episodes

 * "The Merv Griffin Show" (1997)
 * "The Cartoon" (1998)
 * "The Puerto Rican Day" (1998) (with Alec Berg, Jeff Schaffer, Jennifer Crittenden, Spike Feresten, Steve Koren, David Mandel, Dan O'Keefe, Gregg Kavet & Andy Robin)

title: Bruce Eric Kaplan


text:
Rainier Valley, Seattle

The Rainier Valley is a district in southeast Seattle. It is located east of Beacon Hill; west of Mount Baker, Seward Park, and Leschi; south of the Central District and north of Rainier Beach. It is part of Seattle's South End.

History
White explorers and settlers first arrived in the area in the 1850s, and an explorer named Issac Ebey surveyed the area in 1850, with Ebey's assessment printed in an Oregon newspaper to entice other settlers. Native Americans had several encampments in the area prior to the settlers, and a permanent village at the south end of the valley.

Italians were prominent in the north Valley in the early 20th century, the Central Valley was mostly settled by the same settlers and northern-European immigrants (primarily British and Scandinavian) who settled most of Seattle. Japanese farmers lived in the Valley since its inception and established two historic Japanese-American nurseries in the Valley - Mizukis and Holly Park, with Holly Park Nursery. Two housing projects were completed in the Valley during World War II named; Holly Park and Rainier Vista. The housing projects were completed by the Seattle Housing Authority to house Boeing and shipyard workers during the war. Following the war through the Boeing crash of 1971, the Valley boomed with middle-class residential construction and with all of this construction, the Valley continued its historic diversity. Interracial couples in the 1950s found the Valley more accepting than the northern half of the city because of the relative lack of "deed covenants" found in the South End (covenants ruled unconstitutional by the United States Supreme Court in the 1960s).

The Civil Rights Act precipitated a "white flight" from the valley despite its historic diversity. The general exodus of whites from the valley, Beacon Hill, and Seward Park, which began in the mid-60s, was primarily over by the mid-80s, when some historic "children of the Valley" began to return to it, as well as other new residents. With the end of the Vietnam War in 1975, a wave of Vietnamese immigrants opened businesses along abandoned areas of Martin Luther King Jr. Way South, extending four miles south of the official Little Saigon neighborhood on South Jackson Street. Additional population growth was seen with the arrival of Filipinos throughout the Valley, though their businesses are fewer. St. Edward Roman Catholic Church is the cultural heart of the Filipino community in the Valley.

The Valley neighborhoods lying along Rainier Avenue South rival any other part of Seattle for age, since they are near the historic streetcar (removed in 1937) that in 1892 connected downtown Seattle to Columbia City and then later to Renton, known as the "Rainier Valley and Renton Railroad." The railroad, the reorientation of the Duwamish River and the lowering of Lake Washington, which caused the lake to drain west through Lake Union and the Ship Canal rather than south, made the valley dry enough to allow building, where it boomed along with the rest of Seattle on and after the Alaskan Gold rush right up to the Depression of the 1930s. Because Seattle was a hamlet before the 1889 Alaskan Gold Rush, there is little to distinguish the historic parts of Rainier Valley from other historic neighborhoods in Seattle. Away from Rainier Avenue South, a fair amount of the development is postwar, when the Valley was filled out as part of the "Boeing boom," but historic pre-World War II housing can be found in every part of the Valley, where these often imposing homes once commanded large spreads that were later subdivided and sold off. One such estate was owned from 1902 to 1916 by a certain up-and-coming dry-goods purveyor by the name of J. Walter Nordstrom, who brought up his young family of three children there, as documented by the Rainier Valley Historical Society in 2017 (the estate was at the 3700 block of South Juneau Street). Unlike most of Seattle, then, the Valley has an interesting mix of pre- and post-war houses cheek-to-jowl (in Seattle residential style), with only the neighborhood immediately surrounding Columbia City almost exclusively pre-World War II.

Geography
There are several identifiable neighborhoods within Rainier Valley, including (from north to south) "Garlic Gulch" (or the north Valley, from Dearborn to the junction of MLK and Rainier), "Genesee" (from the junction to Alaska), Columbia City (Alaska to Dawson), Hillman City (Dawson to Graham), Brighton (Graham to Kenyon), Dunlap (Kenyon to Cloverdale), and Rainier Beach, which is the only neighborhood in the city where Black Americans make up the majority, at 55%.

The Valley is centered on Rainier Avenue South and Martin Luther King Jr. Way South, its main (northwest- and southeast-bound) thoroughfares. Both Rainier Avenue South and the Valley were named after Mount Rainier, towards which "[t]hrough a fortunate geographic circumstance" the Valley (and hence the street) is oriented. Rainier Avenue South goes through several distinct phases as it winds southeasterly toward Renton, with the north portion being mainly commercial, the central (Columbia City) portion a densely populated historic district, and the southern portion a less dense collection of businesses, apartments, and houses.

Martin Luther King Jr. Way South (usually shortened to "MLK Way"), formerly known as Empire Way (renamed in the 1980s), now carries Seattle's light rail line for the length of the valley until it veers west to serve the North Beacon Hill neighborhood, SoDo industrial area, and downtown Seattle. Light rail and its attendant improvements (most notably underground wiring) have breathed new life into Martin Luther King Jr. Way South, considered at least since the 1970s beset by "social, physical, and economic blight", tracing difficulties to the Boeing bust – hitting hard in Rainier Valley with its high density of factory workers – and exacerbated by the later construction of a freeway interchange that disrupted a once vital commercial district. The construction of light rail brought new residential and commercial development to stations at Columbia City and Othello.

Demographics
It is among the most culturally and economically diverse neighborhoods in the Pacific Northwest. The neighborhood's population is 34,241, with Asians making up the largest group (with Filipinos the largest within the Asian population of the Valley). However, there remains a large African American population, as well as European Americans. Its zip code is 98118, which also includes the neighborhood directly east of Rainier Valley of Seward Park. Beacon Hill to the west is largely 98108. "Greater Rainier Valley" can be thought of as including the western slope of Lakewood/Seward Park, and the eastern rise of Beacon Hill.

Rainier Valley's racial breakdown is 20.9% Caucasian, 32% African American, 34.1% Asian, 1% Native American, 1.6% Pacific Islander, 6.5% Mixed Race, and 3.4% from other races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.2% of the population. 11.1% of families and 13.9% of the population were below the poverty line. Nearly one quarter of the cities' African-American population resides in Rainier Valley.

Public safety
Beginning in the 1960s, Rainier Valley began to be viewed as "unsafe," with this view peaking in the 1980s and the Valley did include two housing projects; Rainier Vista and Holly Park. The area is the home of organized gangs with rivalries against each other and groups in other neighborhoods. Of the 28 homicides in Seattle in 2008, six occurred in Rainier Valley.

In 2006, the Seattle Police Department announced that the South Precinct, which includes Rainier Valley had dropped in crime rate by 8% for the first ten months of 2006. Auto thefts and thefts in general had decreased with robbery and gang activity still highly reported.

Economy
There are many different areas to purchase food within the neighborhood, with many small delis, bakeries and restaurants.

title: Rainier Valley, Seattle


text:
Biberstein

Biberstein is a municipality in the district of Aarau of the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

Geography
Biberstein is located on the north bank of the Aar River near Aarau. The town is a 17-minute bus ride from downtown Aarau. The neighboring communities are Auenstein to the east, Küttigen to the west, Rohr to the south, Rupperswil to the south-east and Thalheim to the north-east. The community of Biberstein occupies 4.1 km2 of which 1.81 km2 is wooded.

Biberstein has an area,, of 4.1 km2. Of this area, 34.8% is used for agricultural purposes, while 50.6% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 10% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (4.6%) is non-productive (rivers or lakes).

History
Based on archaeologic evidence, the Biberstein area has been inhabited since at least the 6th century. The discoveries have included a grave cut into the surrounding tuff stone, Alamanni graves and a Spatha that was found.

In 2005, the community celebrated the 725 years of Biberstein. In the 13th century the Count of Habsburg-Laufenburg built a castle, Schloss Biberstein, and the surrounding village to limit the territorial expansion of the Counts of Kyburg. The castle's position on the banks of the Aar River allowed them to collect tolls on the Aar ship traffic. Near the castle there was also a ferry that operated between Biberstein and Rohr until the beginning of the Second World War when it was replaced with a bridge.

The village is first mentioned in 1280. Then, the village and castle were mentioned as a city in 1315 as a holding of the Habsburg-Laufenburg family. In 1335 the Knights Hospitaller order in Klingnau became the owners of Biberstein. By 1399 the city had a wall around it. In 1499, during the Swabian War the city was besieged by Bern. In 1527 the city-state of Bern took the castle and appointed a vogt or bailiff to occupy it. A few years later, in 1535, the Knights were forced to sell the city to Bern. This is the last time that Biberstein is mentioned as a city. Following the Napoleonic invasion and collapse of the Swiss Ancien Régime in 1798 Biberstein became part of the District of Aarau in the new Canton Aargau.

Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Gules a Beaver Argent sitting on a mount of the same gnawing a piece of wood Or. This is an example of canting with a beaver (Biber) sitting on a stone (stein).

Demographics
Biberstein has a population (as of ) of. , 10.2% of the population was made up of foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years the population has grown at a rate of 24.1%. Most of the population speaks German (94.7%), with English being second most common ( 1.0%) and Albanian being third ( 0.8%).

The age distribution,, in Biberstein is; 130 children or 9.6% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 111 teenagers or 8.2% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 123 people or 9.1% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 159 people or 11.8% are between 30 and 39, 226 people or 16.7% are between 40 and 49, and 251 people or 18.6% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 197 people or 14.6% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 123 people or 9.1% are between 70 and 79, there are 30 people or 2.2% who are between 80 and 89,and there are 3 people or 0.2% who are 90 and older.

, there were 28 homes with 1 or 2 persons in the household, 168 homes with 3 or 4 persons in the household, and 230 homes with 5 or more persons in the household. The average number of people per household was 2.42 individuals. there were 367 single family homes (or 60.7% of the total) out of a total of 605 homes and apartments.

In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 30.4% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SP (25.7%), the FDP (16.2%) and the Green Party (9.8%).

The entire Swiss population is generally well educated. In Biberstein about 81% of the population (between age 25–64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the school age population, there are 86 students attending primary school in the municipality.

The historical population is given in the following table:

Sights
The village of Biberstein is designated as part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.

Economy
, Biberstein had an unemployment rate of 0.72%. , there were 24 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 8 businesses involved in this sector. 9 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 5 businesses in this sector. 162 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 25 businesses in this sector.

there were 641 total workers who lived in the municipality. Of these, 518 or about 80.8% of the residents worked outside Biberstein while 112 people commuted into the municipality for work. There were a total of 235 jobs (of at least 6 hours per week) in the municipality.

Religion
From the, 236 or 21.4% are Roman Catholic, while 678 or 61.6% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there are 2 individuals (or about 0.18% of the population) who belong to the Christian Catholic faith.

title: Biberstein


text:
Ray Lankford

Raymond Lewis Lankford (born June 5, 1967) is an American former professional baseball center fielder. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the St. Louis Cardinals and San Diego Padres. He was known for his combination of power, speed, and defensive prowess.

Early years
Lankford was born in Los Angeles and grew up in Modesto, California, where he attended Grace M. Davis High School and played baseball and football. He later played baseball and football at Modesto Junior College. Lankford's uncle, Carl Nichols, was a professional baseball player and spent parts of six seasons in the major leagues.

Career
Lankford made his major league debut with St. Louis in August 1990, and soon after took over the center field position previously occupied by former National League MVP Willie McGee. He started his career as primarily a leadoff man, where his speed and plate discipline made him a potent force. In his first full season in 1991, he led the league with 15 triples, stole 44 bases, and scored 83 runs, earning him a third-place finish in NL Rookie of the Year voting. On September 15, 1991, he accomplished the rare feat of hitting for the cycle, becoming the first Cardinal rookie ever to do so. In 1992, he began to hit for more power, and posted a breakout season with a .293 batting average, 20 home runs, and 42 stolen bases. This season established Lankford as one of the best all-around outfielders in the game. He eventually moved down in the batting order to take further advantage of his power hitting ability.

Lankford posted five seasons of 20 home runs and 20 stolen bases with the Cardinals (1992, 1995–1998), making him the only player in franchise history to accomplish the feat more than once. He also was an impressive fielder, posting a 2.90 range factor in 1992 and committing only one error in 1996. In the latter season, he led the league with a fielding percentage of .997 but was still not awarded a Gold Glove.

On April 3, 1994, Lankford achieved an unusual distinction: he hit a home run as the first batter of the season (it was the first day of the season, and only one game was played that day).

He was selected as the starting center fielder for the National League in the 1997 All-Star Game after a dominating hitting performance in the first half of the season, and posted an offensive career year the following season. In 1998, he hit .293 with 31 home runs, 105 runs batted in and 26 stolen bases. It was his late season surge batting cleanup that helped Mark McGwire, hitting in front of Lankford in the Cardinal order, to set the single season home run record with 70. Following the 1998 season, Lankford had knee surgery and was moved to left field. In his first year at the position, he posted a career high .306 batting average and 15 home runs in an injury-shortened season. He also compiled impressive defensive statistics at his new position.

Lankford was traded from St. Louis to San Diego during the 2001 season for pitcher Woody Williams. Criticism of his always high strikeout totals helped prompt the trade, even though he had continued to be more productive statistically than many of the other outfielders receiving playing time in St. Louis, including journeyman utility player Craig Paquette and rookie Kerry Robinson. At the time of the trade, Lankford was slugging an impressive .496 and maintaining a .345 on-base percentage despite a disappointing batting mark of .235. His numbers, though, had declined as he increasingly found himself in a bench role as the season progressed. He responded to the trade well, however, batting .288 in the balance of the season for San Diego under the tutelage of eight-time batting champion Tony Gwynn.

He returned to the Padres for 2002, but his lone full season in San Diego was marred by injury and inconsistency, as he appeared in only 81 games and batted a career low .221. He took the 2003 season off to continue his recovery process before returning to St. Louis, where he finished his career in 2004. Once again he saw his playing time dip late in the season after the Cardinals acquired Larry Walker from the Colorado Rockies in late August. He was not placed on the postseason roster in 2004, but did earn a National League championship ring for his role in the Cardinals' first pennant-winning season since 1987.

Lankford finished his career among the Cardinal Top 10 in numerous statistical categories, including home runs (third), stolen bases (fifth), runs scored (eighth), runs batted in (eighth), and bases on balls (fourth). Lankford hit more home runs at Busch Stadium (123) than any other player, and finished his career in his home ballpark with a pinch hit home run in his final major league at bat on October 3, 2004. He is the only player to have 200 home runs and 200 stolen bases as a Cardinal. He participated in festivities commemorating the final season at Busch Stadium in 2005, including taking down his signature jersey number 16 from a banner counting down the remaining games at the ballpark and accepting a nomination for the All-Time Busch Stadium Team. He also indicated he is interested in making a return to baseball in the future.

On January 31, 2018, the St. Louis Cardinals nominated Lankford, alongside Vince Coleman, Keith Hernandez, Jason Isringhausen, Scott Rolen, Lee Smith, and John Tudor as the seven players for possible induction into the St. Louis Cardinals Hall of Fame. On May 4, once the fan votes were tallied, Ray Lankford and Vince Coleman were enshrined into the St. Louis Cardinals 2018 class.

title: Ray Lankford


text:
Westwood, East Kilbride

Westwood is an area of the Scottish new town East Kilbride. It was name-checked by one of its former inhabitants, Roddy Frame of Aztec Camera, in the song "Somewhere In My Heart". Part of the song's lyrics proclaim "From Westwood to Hollywood, The one thing that's understood, Is that you can't buy time, But you can sell your soul, And the closest thing to heaven is rock and roll".

Westwood is home to one secondary School, which under South Lanarkshire Council's Schools modernisation programme, was the first of the new schools in the town to be built, near to the site of the original school building. It also boasts two primary schools, East Milton Primary School based in Vancouver Drive and Canberra Primary School which is located on Belmont Drive.

Westwood like its other neighbourhoods has a parade of shops, being based in Westwood Square.

Westwood is home to Westwood Amateur Football Club who play in the Strathclyde Saturday Morning Amateur Football League.

title: Westwood, East Kilbride


text:
Millville, Kentucky

Millville is an unincorporated community located in Woodford County, Kentucky, United States. It is situated about 5 miles (8 km) southeast of Frankfort, Kentucky. Glenns Creek runs through the town, and it is near the Kentucky River.

Millville took its name from the many flour mills and water-powered grist mills in the area. A post office was established in 1854, and closed in 1907. Samuel Miles was the first postmaster.

title: Millville, Kentucky


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Intercounty Baseball League

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 12:21, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Intercounty Baseball League
A local amateur league. The language is trying to make it look as if this is a minor league at the same level as the Canadian Baseball League or the Northern League, but it's just a bunch of guys who like to get together and play baseball. RickK 00:08, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete definitely a small thing, either 528 or 682 Google hits (only time ever that I got more hits with quotes than without, what's up with that?). Article seems to be written to make it seem bigger than it is. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  00:30, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * RickK and I have clarified some of the issues involved. Anyway, I created the article so the links to the league in the articles about the cities in it would have an article to link to, not to make the league sound like anything it isn't. The league is not, though, just "a bunch of guys who like to get together and play baseball." It is a commercial enterprise whose results are covered by major media outlets in southern Ontario. I'll be happy with whatever decision is reached here, because even if the article is deleted, the deletion will set a standard for other articles. Which I intend to see exercised. John FitzGerald 12:30, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, sportscruft. Megan1967 10:48, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, a serious sports league, it's been going for 86 years and has 9 teams. Sheldrake 19:29, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Their own website calls them amateurs. Do you know how many amateur baseball leagues there are in the United States?  Should we have articles on all of them?  RickK 19:45, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Why not? Wikipedia aint paper. Organized amateur baseball leagues, that pass a notability test, are an important part of american culture. I see great things in baseball. Klonimus 20:21, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Are the leagues of which you speak covered in national newspapers, as the Intercounty is? John FitzGerald 20:23, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per Megan1967 —Wahoofive | Talk 19:50, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, concur with Rick. Radiant_* 08:55, Apr 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete --Spinboy 17:25, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * But you know what? Even if they are a minor semi-commercial, semi-rec league now, they are 86 years old and notable historically. For a historically important period of time, all baseball in North America was minor semi-commercial, semi-rec league stuff, and this was the highest level of baseball play around, and it was popular, and while most players would not be encyclopedic, the longstanding large regional leagues absolutely would be. 3270 Google hits, none double-counted, discussing either of eight of the nine teams (you can imagine the trouble with Toronto Maple Leafs.) Still prominently covered on local TV news I watch and in daily newspapers I read. I'm not a baseball fan. Keep. Samaritan 19:33, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Important part of the culture of Soviet Canuckistan. Agree with Samaritan above about the relevance and notability of established amature baseball leagues. Klonimus 20:21, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Yet again another nonsense vote from this troll. RickK 19:46, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * RickK: What is the wikipedia policy on personal attacks again? Klonimus 20:21, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * So when someone adduces the importance of the league to Canadian culture you call that nonsense. Now why might you say that? Is it because you're a devoted student of Canadian culture, or because you think Canadian culture is nonsense? John FitzGerald 20:23, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I voted keep because I think this baseball league is notable and worthy of being included in a truly great encyclopedia. Anyone who has hung around VfD, knows that I am almost as inclusionist as Kappa is; especially when it comes to topics that might not be included in a paper encyclopedia, such as this baseball league. I'm just trying to add a little humor to the VfD process which is often filled with sourpusses, and people who make 1-3 word votes. Klonimus 06:17, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Sorry, John, that wasn't aimed at you or the article in question, and solely at Klonimus and the pattern and nature of his/her VfD edits. RickK 23:00, Apr 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * RickK: Inclusionism is not a crime. If you have a beef with me, air it on my user talk page. I personally don't appreciate it when you attack my credibility in VfD. My opinion, even though you may disagree with it, is worth every bit as much as yours, even though I may disagree with it. Klonimus 06:17, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * And BTW, I listed this at Canadian wikipedians' notice board, hoping that more pairs of Canadian eyes could give us a perspective. I figured if it really is an "Important part of the Canadian Culture", then my objections will be overwhelmed.  I am trying to be fair.  RickK 23:04, Apr 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * I didn't really think you were being anti-Canadian. I was just making a couple of points about a standard problem on Wikipedia. To avoid biassing the vote, though, I'll tell you about them elsewhere. John FitzGerald 00:07, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep I think a league that has been around for 85 years, covered in the local press and has teams across southern Ontario is notable enough, regardless of whether the players are paid or not. Webgeer 22:50, Apr 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, though admittedly through local bias (hey, if I can watch the London Majors on TV at home, they must be relatively important). Adam Bishop 23:30, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, "covered by major media outlets" sounds like a good reason. Kappa 08:15, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, more notable than schools. Grue 18:54, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Passes my notability bar by dint of longevity. -- 8^D gab 02:49, 2005 Apr 17 (UTC)
 * Keep.  Media coverage and history easily establish notability.  ElBenevolente 16:23, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep but, please, expand! Sarg 18:02, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep per Sheldrake et al. Early baseball played outside of the USA is notable.  Sarg's point is good, too. GeeZee 23:22, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
User:Merv

I am a biology graduate student at Berkeley, and a member of Dabney House.

I was born in Calgary, Canada, then spent a few years in San Diego, CA, but mostly I grew up in Bothell, WA. I went to Inglemoor High School.

I'm a fan of the Seattle Supersonics.

Oh, I suppose I might as well give a link to my webpage: Stop the Madness

Sometimes, my girlfriend edits articles using my account. She is a math graduate student at UC San Diego, and a graduate of  UNR.

She was born in Fort Collins, CO, spent a few months in Rochester Hills, MI, but mostly she grew up in Reno, NV. She went to Robert McQueen High School.

She's a fan of the Arsenal Football Club.

Oh, she supposes she might as well give a link to her webp - wait, she doesn't have a webpage.

title: User:Merv


text:
User talk:Rinard

the rinard's are the hottest people in the world..just ask my sister..she agrees

we are smart, cute, funny, and so many more people think so TO see our softball/sports page goto... http://www.eteamz.com/screamerssoftball

Love you- remember our quote, "Git `er dun!" and "thats hot"

title: User talk:Rinard