text:
Talk:Rebecca Clarke (composer)

Score at University library
Since my university library (the University of Oklahoma) has a score for Morpheus, I can only assume it's been published. A search of the library's database shows the publisher as Oxford University Press, 2002. I have edited the article accordingly. This is a great piece by the way, for those who haven't heard it. -- Bobhobbit 05:50, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)

POV
This article demonstrates a quiet, steady POV. It seems to presume that it knows what was going on inside Clarke's head without quoting her for reference, suggests that she was only interesting when she was composing music, and ignores her family life (which was clearly important to her) to such an extent that one cannot discover when her husband died (answer: 1967).

A strong claim such as "Clarke's views on the social role of women were incompatible with any ambition to compose music in the larger forms" needs references, not to mention clarification. +sj +  06:09, 10 May 2005 (UTC)

Where is the evidence that her view of sex roles stopped her composing? There are hundreds of possible reasons? Without references, the assigning of this as the reason without reference seems to be polemical. Avalon 21:46, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * There are several papers on the Rebecca Clarke Society page that substantiate this, if you look at the refs; I guess I didn't footnote that particular statement, but I'll try to dig it up. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 22:05, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

Works in print
As many works have gone out of print and are now coming back in, it makes sense to list their [re]performance dates too. Also, claims such as "the Society has pushed forward recording and scholarship of her work, including several world premiere performances and recordings of unpublished material as well as numerous journal publications" need to be heavily referenced. +sj +  06:09, 10 May 2005 (UTC)

FA
I was annoyed that this had become featured without reaching consensus, or responding to objections such as those noted above, and was about to list it on WP:FARC, but I respect mindspillage a great deal, and spent half an hour browsing other Clarke resources online. There's some *great* material out there! No reason that this article shouldn't be brilliant and detailed. A complete discography, more information about her family and Foundation, etc. are all available... +sj +
 * Addressed partially on the FAC page—I wouldn't have featured it yet myself without consensus, but it wasn't my call—and still chipping away at the objections. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 19:03, 11 May 2005 (UTC)
 * I was annoyed, but it looks great now. Thanks for all your hard work.  I separated her life into early and later life, to clarify the break between her bouts of musical productivity and her married life.  It might also be helpful to describe more of her touring and performance work in the 'life' section, since it isn't until one gets down to the Music section that one discovers her prolific output during her performing years.  Also changed a bunch of wording; if you were partial to the previous flow of the article, check the latest diff.  +sj  +  18:48, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

Copyediting
It was a little embarrassing to see a featured article where the subject was referred to about half the time as "Clark" and the other half as "Clarke". I'm going to go fix this, but it seems to me that those who nominate/select/etc. FA's ought to maybe take a quick run-through of proofreading before it goes up. MCB 06:05, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * It was properly proofread when it was featured, and, indeed, until a few hours ago; someone introduced these as a test edit or vandalism, and whoever reverted didn't go back far enough. The drawbacks of attracting attention on the front page. :-/ Mindspillage (spill yours?) 06:15, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Aha. My usual rule is "never ascribe to vandalism what can adequately explained by negligence", but I guess in this case it's the opposite! Thanks. MCB 06:19, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

Viola Sonata as part of repertoire
The article mentions that "The Sonata remains a part of standard repertoire for the viola to this day", but I'm not so sure it has been, as the word "remains" implies, ever since its composition, part of the viola repertoire. From what I can gather, only recently has it been performed more often as a standard viola piece. Is that right? 201.41.195.174 (talk) 10:26, 16 July 2009 (UTC)

Piano Trio
Is the Piano Trio for violin, viola and piano, which is mentioned in the list of compositions, the piece called Dumka? Or is it the Piano Trio mentioned under "Early Life"? It seems so, but over the course of the article, the name "Piano Trio" gives the impression of a violin-cello-piano trio, rather than a trio with a viola, and the videos in YouTube claiming to be Clarke's Piano Trio include the cello rather than the viola. What is the original setting then? It seems confusing to me. 201.41.195.174 (talk) 10:21, 16 July 2009 (UTC)

RCS formation?
The latest RCS newsletter states that the society was founded in 1999 rather than Sept. 2000 (before the Brandeis event) -- Mindspillage, do you have details or further info on this? Otherwise I can call Liane and ask. (I bought her Renaissance facsimiles last year...) Thanks! -- Myke Cuthbert (talk) 22:40, 19 July 2009 (UTC)

editing the title Rebecca Helferich Clarke
How one could get "Helferich" out of the title? The title doesn't come up in the edit frame. Clarke signed a few early pieces of music "Rebecca Helferich Clarke" but she also signed a few "Rebecca Thacher Clarke"  --  Helferich was not a name she really used and it's quite misleading to have it there so prominently. It is not used this way in any other published source. Thank you, Liane Curtis Clarkesociety (talk) 00:50, 14 September 2009 (UTC)
 * You can't edit the title, but you can move it to a new title. Changing it to Rebecca Clarke (composer) as you suggested on my talk page sounds reasonable. Can you explain the origins of 'Helferich' and 'Thacher'?  –SJ +  22:28, 5 February 2011 (UTC)
 * I have trouble imagining what would make this move controversial, so on the basis of Liane Curtis's comments I think I am going to be bold and do it. Anyone who objects can yell at me later (and bring the smelling salts, because I will pass out from shock).Kat Walsh (spill your mind?) 04:18, 16 February 2011 (UTC)

Referencing improvement needed
This article could use some referencing improvements. There are places that would be helped by having additions of cites, to satisfy verifiability for the reader. If not objected to by significant contributors to the article, I would be willing to identify some of these deficient locations in the article with fact tags. However, it might be best to address in the form of WP:FAR, and give the article a more thorough overall review. -- Cirt (talk) 18:50, 17 October 2010 (UTC)

Indeed re Rebecca Helferich Clarke?
In regards the above, re Helferich and Thacher: have been cc'd correspondence from (claiming to be from, I should say, but I have no reason to doubt) a descendent (niece) of the composer correcting her name (and genealogy) and giving the composer's name as Rebecca Thacher Clarke (after her paternal grandmother who was a Thacher before she married a Clarke; her mother was Agnes Helferich before marrying Joseph Clarke. She was not however middle-named after her mother.) Schissel | Sound the Note! 20:09, 20 June 2012 (UTC)

One of the most important British interwar composers?
I was puzzled by the claim that a composer who wrote little and published less, in an era that boasted Vaughan Williams, Bliss, Bax, Walton, Howells and Ireland (can we include Boughton, Bowen, Moeran, Alwyn etc?), was "described by Curtis as one of the most important British composers in the period between World War I and World War II". I checked the reference, and she wasn't. Curtis said that "she has been identified as among the most important British composers of the interwar years." Identified by whom? The reference to Curtis is not a reference to either a verifiable fact or an authoritative opinion, including an opinion offered by Curtis as her own (that it is Curtis's view is implied but not stated). The reference is to a piece of hearsay that is itself unreferenced, and the the reference here is misleadingly misrepresented as a reference to something more definite.

If the assertion of Clarke's importance is to stand, at least some piece of evidence, even if it is only an attribution of an opinion, is needed. Wyresider (talk) 22:33, 7 October 2015 (UTC)

 * I agree that that claim sounds a little overblown and needs to be attributed better. MacDonald, in a very sympathetic article, called her "...another significant British figure from the inter-war years who wrote with impressive technical command, individual expression, and a refreshingly international outlook." which is a much weaker claim. I'll look a little more when I have time; if nothing better is forthcoming, the claim should be toned down. FourViolas (talk) 22:57, 7 October 2015 (UTC)

The claim seems more plausible if restricted to women, so I plan to do that. Marlindale (talk) 00:36, 7 May 2016 (UTC)

Cremation
I'm puzzled that this topic is mentioned. (About Ethel Smyth it's even in the Lead.) Can someone explain why it's notable? Marlindale (talk) 00:48, 7 May 2016 (UTC)
 * Its inclusion in the lead of the Smyth article I would suggest bringing up at that talk page. But as for mentioning the topic at all, why not? Nikkimaria (talk) 04:05, 7 May 2016 (UTC)
 * Thank you, I already had brought it up on the Ethel Smyth Talk page. I'm sorry, but how is "why not" an answer? Why not include any detail about a person or topic? The WP article Cremation indicates that since 1908 it was required for remains to be interred in Westminster Abbey, and so, I suppose, not unusual elsewhere. Marlindale (talk) 17:09, 7 May 2016 (UTC)
 * The disposition of the body (whether by burial or cremation) is mentioned in hundreds of biographical articles on Wikipedia, so if you think that shouldn't happen, I'd suggest raising the issue in a broader forum like the Village Pump. Nikkimaria (talk) 17:18, 7 May 2016 (UTC)
 * Hundreds of bio articles? Not in any of the bios of composers or music performers that I recall until the two I mentioned. Well, if you say so. Maybe this is more likely to be mentioned for UK women than for men or non-UK women? Anyhow I won't edit this article on the topic. Marlindale (talk) 22:39, 7 May 2016 (UTC)
 * I don't have statistical breakdowns, but the disposition of the body is mentioned in the articles on Mozart, Bach, Beethoven, Handel, Holst, Elgar, Vaughan Williams, Britten, Nadia and Lili Boulanger, Alma and Gustav Mahler... Nikkimaria (talk) 02:01, 8 May 2016 (UTC)
 * I looked at a few of those articles. Giving the place such as a cemetery or church of interment doesn't determine whether there was cremation or not? Before a certain date, one would assume there was not? I wrote/edited parts of the Death section of the Bach article. His remains were moved once or twice after burial, and my impression was that he was not cremated. It wasn't an issue that would have occurred to me for him. Marlindale (talk) 03:08, 8 May 2016 (UTC)
 * I see that Holst and Vaughan Williams were cremated. That's good enough, I won't pursue the topic further, except maybe for Smyth having it in the Lead. Marlindale (talk) 03:34, 8 May 2016 (UTC)

"Subscription required" problems
A bot recently brought to light that the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, cited ten times, and Grove Music Online, cited six times, each require subscriptions. So they won't be accessible to the many readers who don't have subscriptions. At least some of the cites can be replaced by cites of the 1996 Liane Curtis article in the Musical Times which is already cited and quite accessible, and there are other possible accessible sources. I'll be working from time to time on finding accessible citations. Marlindale (talk) 23:04, 7 May 2016 (UTC)
 * Per WP:PAYWALL, accessibility of sources is not a reason for their removal. ODNB and Grove are high-quality reliable sources for musician/composer biographies. Sources requiring subscriptions aren't "problems". Nikkimaria (talk) 01:42, 8 May 2016 (UTC)
 * For the same information, it seems clear to me a reliable source without a paywall is preferable to one with a paywall. I don't propose to remove any paywall source, still less the information found from it, unless it can be so replaced. Or maybe I would just add the non-paywall source along with the paywall source. Marlindale (talk) 03:22, 8 May 2016 (UTC)

Hidden comments
The problem with hidden comments along the lines of "Don't add an infobox because a WikiProject doesn't like them" is that it has a chilling effect on editors who don't understand that Wikiprojects have no standing to demand that an infobox may not be added. The decision on having an infobox or not is a matter for consensus on each article, and that is policy. If there has already been a discussion on a particular article, and a consensus reached not to have an infobox, then it is helpful to have an html comment drawing the editor's attention to that (possibly archived) discussion, and I'd be very much in favour of maintaining such notes. That is, however, not the situation here, as I can find no previous discussion of an infobox on this article. It is not acceptable to have a note which effectively prevents any consensus from being discussed, as if the matter were already settled by fiat of a single editor or Wikiproject. We build this encyclopedia by allowing people to edit, not forbidding it for no good reason. --RexxS (talk) 19:30, 30 July 2016 (UTC)

 * First we were told that failure to have a hidden comment made it hard for editors to know not to add an infobox. Now you say that the hidden comment has a "chilling effect."  The fact is that you just want to have a pile of code at the top of every article containing redundant infobox information, even in these arts biographies, usually riddled with errors and always emphasizing unimportant factoids at the expense key information. -- Ssilvers (talk) 19:51, 30 July 2016 (UTC)

Article issues
I notice this article underwent a Featured article review in 2011. I had a quick look at it today, which uncovered some issues. It is not a bad article by any means, but it feels a bit short (though there may not be that much information on Clarke available) and the prose isn't anywhere near that of other featured articles on composers of classical music, such as Gustav Mahler, Edward Elgar or Arthur Sullivan. I probably won't take this article to FAR (at least not before I've taken a more thorough look at it and fixed what I can), but it might need some editorial attention. Toccata quarta (talk) 15:18, 23 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Toccata quarta, can you be more specific about what issues you see, other than length? Nikkimaria (talk) 20:53, 23 July 2020 (UTC)

edit warring without arguments
So we have a wikilawyering editor who wants us to discuss whether interesting, important, and well-sourced information should be removed though they have not provided any argument for removing it. The edit summary "previous was sufficient" is not a sufficient or even logical argument and thus citing WP:ONUS "The onus to achieve consensus for inclusion is on those seeking to include disputed content" is a rude way of forcing others to guess why they're disputing the content. --Espoo (talk) 18:51, 17 April 2021 (UTC)
 * I did: I feel the previous version was sufficient, as the significance of the addition is unclear. What supports the claim that it is "important"? Is there any independent sourcing available discussing the matter? Nikkimaria (talk) 18:56, 17 April 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Rebecca Clarke (composer)


text:
Sahra Wagenknecht

Sahra Wagenknecht (born Sarah Wagenknecht; ; 16 July 1969) is a German politician, economist, author, and publicist. Since 2009 she has been a member of the Bundestag, where until 2023 she represented The Left. From 2015 to 2019, she served as that party's parliamentary co-chair. With a small team of allies, she left the party on 23 October 2023 to found her own party in 2024, Bündnis Sahra Wagenknecht, to contest elections onwards.

Wagenknecht became a prominent member of the Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS) from the early 1990s. After the foundation of The Left, she became a leading member of one of the party's most left-wing factions as leader of the Communist Platform. She has been a controversial figure throughout her career due to her hardline and populist stances, statements about East Germany, immigration and refugees (which moved away from traditional antiracism), and her political movement Aufstehen. From 2020 onward Wagenknecht was less active in parliament, but often interviewed by German media. She is not a member of any parliamentary committee.

Since 2021 she had openly considered forming her own party, due to growing and enduring conflicts within the Left Party and at the end of September 2023 she formed the Sahra Wagenknecht Alliance political party, better known as BSW (Bündnis Sahra Wagenknecht), in the start of 2024.

Early life
Wagenknecht was born on 16 July 1969 in the East German city of Jena. Her father is Iranian and her mother, who worked for a state-run art distributor, is German. Her father disappeared in Iran when she was a child. She was cared for primarily by her grandparents until 1976, when she and her mother moved to East Berlin. While in Berlin, she became a member of the Free German Youth (FDJ). She completed her Abitur exams in 1988 and joined the (then ruling) Socialist Unity Party (SED) in early 1989.

From 1990, Wagenknecht studied philosophy and New German Literature as an undergraduate in Jena and Berlin, completing mandatory coursework, but did not write a thesis as she "could not find support for her research aims at the East Berlin Humboldt University". She then enrolled as a philosophy student at the University of Groningen, completing her studies and earning an MA in 1996 for a thesis on the young Karl Marx's interpretation of Hegel, supervised by Hans Heinz Holz and published as a book in 1997. From 2005 until 2012 she completed a PhD dissertation at the chair of Microeconomics at TU Chemnitz, on "The Limits of Choice: Saving Decisions and Basic Needs in Developed Countries", awarded with the grade magna cum laude in the German system and subsequently published by the Campus Verlag.

Political career
After the fall of the Berlin Wall and the transformation of the SED into the Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS), Wagenknecht was elected to the new party's National Committee in 1991. She also joined the PDS's Communist Platform, a Marxist-Leninist faction.

In the 1998 German federal election, Wagenknecht ran as the PDS candidate in a district of Dortmund, garnering 3.25% of the vote. Following the 2004 European elections, she was elected as a PDS representative to the European Parliament. Among her duties in the parliament were serving on the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs and Delegation, as well as the Euro-Latin American Parliamentary Assembly.

Following the merger of the PDS and the WASG that formed the Left Party (Die Linke), Wagenknecht considered campaigning for the position of party vice-chair. However, party leaders such as Lothar Bisky and Gregor Gysi objected to the idea primarily because of her perceived sympathies for the former German Democratic Republic (GDR or East Germany). Following the controversy, she announced that she would not run for the post. Wagenknecht successfully contested a seat in the 2009 federal election in North Rhine-Westphalia. She became the Left Party's spokesperson for economic politics in the Bundestag. On 15 May 2010, she was at last elected vice president of the Left Party with 75.3% of the vote.

Early in 2012, the German press reported that Wagenknecht was one of 27 Left Party Bundestag members whose writings and speeches were being collected and analyzed by the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution.

She has been one of the main driving forces in the formation of Aufstehen, a left-wing political movement established in 2018, which exists outside of traditional political party structures and has been compared to the French movement La France Insoumise. In March 2019, Wagenknecht announced her withdrawal from her leadership role within Aufstehen, citing personal workload pressures and insisting that after a successful start-up phase, for which political experience was necessary, the time had come for the movement's own grass roots to assume control. She complained that the involvement of political parties at its heart had "walled in" the movement. She would nonetheless continue to make public appearances on its behalf.

Wagenknecht was elected co-leader of the Left's Bundestag group in 2015 alongside Dietmar Bartsch succeeding long-time leader Gregor Gysi. Wagenknecht won 78.4% of votes cast. As the Left was at the time the largest opposition party in the Bundestag, she became a prominent leader of the opposition for the remainder of the parliamentary term. Bartsch and Wagenknecht were the Left's lead candidates for the 2017 federal election.

The biography Sahra Wagenknecht. Die Biografie by Christian Schneider (cultural studies scholar) was published in 2019 and focuses on Wagenknecht as a person, including her family background and interest in Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. In November 2019, she announced her resignation as parliamentary leader, citing burnout. Her activities from 2017 to 2019, culminating with her resignation, are covered in the 2020 documentary film Wagenknecht (film), directed by Sandra Kaudelka.

Wagenknecht was again nominated as the lead candidate on the party's North Rhine-Westphalia list in the 2021 federal election. She was re-elected, but described the results as a "bitter defeat" for her party.

Secession from Die Linke
Due to the growing conflicts within Die Linke, Wagenknecht has been considering forming her own party. There was speculation since 2021 that her faction and other like-minded groups within Die Linke, such as the Socialist Left or the Karl Liebknecht circles, will break off to form a separate party. Policy-wise, the new party was expected to follow a left-nationalist strategy.

At the end of September, people from Wagenknecht's circle founded the association "BSW – For Reason and Justice e. V.". According to the news magazine Der Spiegel, the abbreviation in the club's name stands for "Bündnis Sahra Wagenknecht" ("Sahra Wagenknecht Alliance"). The association is intended to serve as a precursor to a future party.

In mid-October, over 50 members of Die Linke submitted an application for Wagenknecht's exclusion from the party. The initiators said they wanted to prevent Sahra Wagenknecht from building a new party with the resources of Die Linke. "This is no longer acceptable," said Sofia Leonidakis, leader of Die Linke in the Bremen parliament. The ongoing speculation about the founding of a new party and the resulting breakup of Die Linke also put a strain on the election campaigns in Bavaria and Hesse. Die Linke failed to enter both state parliaments.

In January 2024, her new party was officially launched.

Economic policy
Wagenknecht has argued that the Left Party must pursue radical and anti-capitalist goals, thereby remaining distinct from the more moderate Social Democratic Party (SPD) and Green Party. She has criticized the Left Party's participation in coalition governments, especially the Berlin state government, which has made cuts to social spending and privatized some services.

On 14 February 2014, the German business and economics newspaper Handelsblatt put her on the cover of its weekend edition, wondering: "Are the Left the better at understanding economics?" (Sind die Linken die besseren Wirtschaftsversteher?) The ambiguous headline made it unclear whether the question referred to left-wingers in general or to Wagenknecht's party, The Left, in particular. The newspaper had earlier interviewed her about her ideas about liberalism and socialism.

Ahead of the launch of BSW in October 2023, Tagesschau noted that Wagenknecht's modern positions emphasise "economic reason" and place economic fundamentals before social welfare, comparing her stance to that of the conservative CDU and FDP. In an interview, she described her goals as combating inflation, encouraging small and medium enterprise and domestic technology development, and establishing stable trade with a wide range of partners. She previously rejected accusations that she sought to establish control bodies for various industries, and cited as inspiration the ideas of economist Mariana Mazzucato, who is also considered a source for economics minister Robert Habeck, whom Wagenknecht frequently criticises.

Foreign policy
In 2017, Wagenknecht called for the dissolution of NATO and for a new security agreement that links Germany and Russia. Throughout her career, Wagenknecht has argued in favor of a closer relationship with Russia. In 1992, she had published an essay praising Stalinist Russia, a view she said in 2017 she no longer espoused.

Wagenknecht has expressed strong support for the rise of left-wing leaders in Latin America, such as Hugo Chávez, and for SYRIZA's 2015 electoral victory in Greece. She serves as a spokesperson for the Venezuela Avanza solidarity network, and as an alternate on the European Parliament's delegation for relations with Mercosur.

In 2010, she refused to join a standing ovation when former Israeli Prime Minister and Nobel Laureate Shimon Peres gave a speech in the Bundestag on Holocaust Remembrance Day.

Russian invasion of Ukraine
Before Russia's invasion of Ukraine, Wagenknecht was a prominent defender of Russia and its President Vladimir Putin, arguing that while the United States were trying to "conjure up" an invasion of Ukraine, "Russia has in fact no interest in marching into Ukraine". After Russia launched a large-scale invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022, Wagenknecht said that her judgment had been wrong. Wagenknecht opposed sanctions against Russia over the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, and, in a speech in September 2022, accused the German government of "launching an unprecedented economic war against our most important energy supplier". Before the war, over half of Germany's gas was supplied by Russia. In May, The Left had voted in favor of economic sanctions against Russia. Her speech was applauded by The Left party leadership and by the far-right Alternative for Germany. Her speech prompted the resignation of two high-profile party members.

On February 10, 2023, Wagenknecht and Alice Schwarzer started collecting signatures for their Manifest für Frieden (lit. 'Manifesto for peace') on Change.org. It called for negotiations with Russia and a halt to arms deliveries to Ukraine. By the end of the month it had received 700,000 signatures. A rally for peace with Wagenknecht and Schwarzer on February 25 was also attended by far-right groups, and was said to have appealed to the Querfront.

Refugee policy
In response to the 2015 Cologne sexual attacks, Wagenknecht stated "Whoever abuses his right to hospitality has forfeited his right to hospitality". This statement was almost unanimously criticized in her party and parliamentary group colleagues, but did receive praise from some in the AfD.

On May 28 2016, an activist from the anti-fascist group Torten für Menschenfeinde ("Cakes for Enemies of Humanity") pushed a chocolate cake in Wagenknecht's face at a Left Party meeting in Magdeburg in response to Wagenknecht's calls for limits on the number of refugees. Wagenknecht has criticized Angela Merkel's refugee policies, arguing that her government has not provided the levels of financial and infrastructural support required to avoid increasing pressure on local authorities and the labor market, thereby exacerbating tensions in society. She has also claimed that Merkel's policies were partly to blame for the 2016 Berlin truck attack.

Partly in response to these experiences, in 2021, she published the book Die Selbstgerechten ("The Self-Righteous") in which she criticizes so-called "left-liberals" ("Linksliberale") for being neither left nor liberal but rather supporting the ruling classes, and, to some extent, their own interests. The book features, among several other topics, a discussion on immigration's alleged negative impacts on the domestic working class. It reached number one in the German non-fiction bestseller list as published by Der Spiegel.

Family policy
At the beginning of June 2015, Wagenknecht, together with 150 other celebrities from culture and politics, signed an open letter to the Chancellor calling for same-sex civil partnerships to be given equal treatment to opposite-sex marriage. In 2017, Wagenknecht advocated for legalization of same-sex marriage.

COVID-19
Regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, Wagenknecht has opined that only the elderly and vulnerable groups need to be vaccinated against the disease, and agitated against the German government response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Wagenknecht has opposed proposals for COVID-19 vaccine mandates, arguing they should be a personal choice.

Wagenknecht's positions have been compared to those of the far-right Alternative for Germany. In November 2021, party colleagues such as Maximilian Becker, Martina Renner, and Niema Movassat suggested that Wagenknecht leave the party.

Personal life
Wagenknecht married businessman Ralph-Thomas Niemeyer in May 1997. On 12 November 2011, politician Oskar Lafontaine stated publicly that he and Wagenknecht had become "close friends". At the time, Wagenknecht and Lafontaine had already separated from their respective spouses. Wagenknecht married Lafontaine, 26 years her senior, on 22 December 2014. She is an atheist.

In 2023, the media estimated Wagenknecht's assets at three million euros. In addition to her parliamentary remuneration, Sahra Wagenknecht earned around 750,000 euros in book and speaking fees in 2023. She is one of the German politicians with the highest earnings in the Bundestag and a millionaire.

Books

 * Kapitalismus im Koma: Eine sozialistische Diagnose. ("Capitalism in a coma: A socialist diagnosis.") Edition Ost, Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-360-01050-7.
 * Die Mythen der Modernisierer. ("The myths of the modernizers.") Dingsda, Querfurt 2001, ISBN 3-928498-84-3.
 * Kapital, Crash, Krise… Kein Ausweg in Sicht? Fragen an Sahra Wagenknecht. ("Capital, crash, crisis… No way out in sight? Questions to Sahra Wagenknecht.") Pahl-Rugenstein, Bonn 1998, ISBN 3-89144-250-5.
 * The Limits of Choice. Saving Decisions and Basic Needs in Developed Countries. Campus, Frankfurt am Main 2013, ISBN 978-3-593-39916-4. (Also doctoral dissertation at the Technische Universität Chemnitz in 2012.)
 * Kapitalismus, was tun? Schriften zur Krise. ("Capitalism, what to do? Writings about the crisis.") Das Neue Berlin, Berlin 2013, ISBN 978-3-360-02159-5.
 * Freiheit statt Kapitalismus: Wie wir zu mehr Arbeit, Innovation und Gerechtigkeit kommen. ("Freedom instead of capitalism: How we will achieve more work, innovation, and justice.") Eichborn, Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-8218-6546-1.
 * Freiheit statt Kapitalismus: Über vergessene Ideale, die Eurokrise und unsere Zukunft. ("Freedom instead of capitalism: About forgotten ideals, the Euro crisis, and our future.") 2nd expanded edition, Campus, Frankfurt am Main 2012, ISBN 978-3-593-39731-3; ungekürzte Taschenbuchausgabe: dtv, München 2013, ISBN 978-3-423-34783-9.
 * Wahnsinn mit Methode: Finanzkrise und Weltwirtschaft. ("Methodical madness: Financial crisis and global economy.") Das Neue Berlin, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-360-01956-1.
 * Reichtum ohne Gier. Wie wir uns vor dem Kapitalismus retten. (Prosperity Without Greed: How to Save Ourselves from Capitalism).
 * Die Selbstgerechten: Mein Gegenprogramm – für Gemeinsinn und Zusammenhalt. ("The self-righteous: my counter-scheme – for public spirit and social cohesion.") Campus-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2021, ISBN 978-3-593-51390-4.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Sahra Wagenknecht


text:
Chonan languages

The Chonan languages are a family of indigenous American languages which were spoken in Tierra del Fuego and Patagonia. Two Chon languages are well attested: Selk'nam (or Ona), spoken by the people of the same name who occupied territory in the northeast of Tierra del Fuego; and Tehuelche spoken by the people of the same name who occupied territory north of Tierra del Fuego. The name 'Chon', or Tshon, is a blend of 'Tehuelche' and 'Ona'.

Previous studies
The Selk'nam people were widely studied by anthropologists such as Martin Gusinde and Anne Chapman throughout the 20th century. However, their language went extinct in the 1970s.

History and demographics
The northern Tehuelche were conquered and later assimilated by the Mapuche during the Araucanization of Patagonia. Some 1.7 million Mapuche continue to live in Chile and southwest Argentina. Further south they traded peacefully with y Wladfa, the colony of Welsh settlers. Some Tehuelche learnt Welsh and left their children with the settlers for their education. A solid photographic record was made of this people. However, they were later nearly exterminated in the late 19th-century government-sponsored genocides of Patagonia. Of some 5000 speakers in 1900, there were about 20 speakers left. Tehuelche language is now extinct as of 2019.

Classification
The Haush spoke a language similar to Ona. Some scholars also add to the family the Teushen language —once spoken by the Teushen, located between the Tehuelche and Puelche —though it is poorly attested.

Viegas Barros (2005) attempts to demonstrate that Puelche to the north is related to the Chon languages and would constitute one branch of an extended Chonan family. This proposal has been picked up by Lyle Campbell. Based on the scanty evidence that is available, the Het peoples (or at least the Didiuhet) might be speakers of languages within the proposed Puelche branch.

If this is correct, the Chon family would be as follows:

Vocabulary
Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items for the Patagon (Chonan) languages.

 * {| class="wikitable sortable"

! gloss !! Selknam !! Mánekenkn !! Téuesh !! Péeneken !! Áoniken ! one ! two ! ear ! tooth ! hand ! foot ! sun ! moon ! dog
 * shórsh || setaul || xáuken || háuke || chochä
 * shóki || aim || xaukáya || xoxieg || xánkä
 * shün || shunó || shán || shaʔa || shán
 * orx || ánktn || korr || urr || hor
 * chen || shakut || chan || kʔchen || chen
 * yul || halié || kel || kel || kel
 * kren || anián || sheuen || sheuen || sheuen
 * kre || anim || teruch || kenginkon || kängünkon
 * uéshn || ishna || xelxénoe || shamehuen || xälänuü
 * }

title: Chonan languages


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Darth Trayus

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was REDIRECT to Darth Traya. Postdlf 04:14, 10 May 2005 (UTC)

Darth Trayus
Superfluous article, misspelling of the pre-existing Darth Traya. Delete. - Jon Hart
 * Redirect as below, it's an exact copy. --Dmcdevit 02:15, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Don't bother redirecting this one, not a likely misspelling. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 02:27, Apr 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect --Fuzzball! (talk) 02:38, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect. Megan1967 08:10, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, as Andrew suggests. I really can't see someone failing to spell so spectacularly.-LtNOWIS 02:15, 1 May 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Peer review/Rebecca Clarke/archive1

Rebecca Clarke
This isn't a novel-length article, but I think it's a good size relative to her importance. I'd like general suggestions for improvement and an idea of what the general reader would want to know that isn't covered. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 01:42, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * It really needs a photo, preferably more than one. Since http://www.rebeccaclarke.org/ is licenced under Creative Commons, they'd probably be happy to provide us with photos if we asked them.-gadfium 05:18, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Duly noted; I'll make a request. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 17:31, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * You could probably peruse the text and find a few more words to link, such as sonata. Also is there anything about the Rebecca Clarke Society that would be worth adding to this page in a separate section? But overall it looks good. Thanks. — RJH 16:01, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Ah, good idea; I hadn't thought of giving the Society a section but without it I'd've had a hard time finding material for the article! Mindspillage (spill yours?) 17:31, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography has a decent entry for her, you might find it useful to flesh out the life setion a little bit more, if you don't have access leave a msg on my talk page. --nixie 11:35, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Thank you for the tip; I don't have electronic access but I'm across the street from a library, so I've no excuse. :-) Mindspillage (spill yours?) 18:20, 1 May 2005 (UTC)

I've also since corresponded with Liane Curtis of the Rebecca Clarke Society (thank you, RJH; she appreciated the coverage), who has suggested several helpful updates and corrections and asserted that the images now included are free to use. I am pulling this PR request and listing the article on FAC; thank you for your comments! Mindspillage (spill yours?) 18:20, 1 May 2005 (UTC)


text:
User:Cat-oh

Please stop adding nonsense to Wikipedia. It is considered vandalism. If you would like to experiment, use the sandbox. Thank you. ```

title: User:Cat-oh


text:
Liquid (disambiguation)

Liquid is a phase of matter.

Liquid or liquidity may also refer to:

Business

 * Accounting liquidity, the ability of a debtor to pay their debts as and when they fall due
 * Liquid capital, the amount of money that a firm holds
 * Market liquidity, the ability to buy or sell a particular commodity quickly without causing a significant price fluctuation

Music and dance

 * Liquid funk, a subgenre of drum and bass
 * Liquid dancing, a form of dance in which a dancer's gesticulations flow fluidly
 * Liquid (musician), a British dance act
 * Liquid (EP), an EP by Le1f & Boody
 * Liquid (Recoil album), a 2000 music album by Recoil
 * Liquid, a 2009 music album by Urlaub in Polen
 * "Liquid", a song by Jars of Clay from their eponymous album
 * "Liquid" (The Rasmus song), a 1998 song by The Rasmus
 * "Liquid", a song by Brockhampton from Saturation III
 * "Liquid", a song by Joe Morris from Singularity

Science and technology

 * Liquid, a template engine from the e-commerce system Shopify
 * Liquid crystal, substances that exhibit a phase of matter that has properties between those of a conventional liquid and those of a solid crystal
 * Liquid layout, a web design that does not rely upon fixed widths
 * Liquid nitrogen vehicle, a vehicle powered by liquid nitrogen, which is stored in a tank
 * Liquidambar, or liquid amber, a genus of four species of flowering plants in the family Altingiaceae

Other uses

 * Liquid consonant, an approximate consonant (like /l/, /r/) that does not correspond phonetically to a specific vowel
 * Liquid Snake, a character in the Metal Gear video game franchise
 * Liquid Entertainment, a computer game development company
 * Team Liquid, an electronic sports team and community website

title: Liquid (disambiguation)


text:
Talk:The Creation (Haydn)

Page Title
Oh FFS please move this and put "the creation" here, and I don't mean "the creation according to the old testament of the book we call in english the bible (which is simply an old work for "the book".

All societies have "creation" stories, and that collection is what belongs here, not some trite mid-18th century opera. Sorry, I can't move the page myself not having special priviledges which come with age. -- Coasterror (talk) 16:47, 5 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Trite mid-18th century opera? Its a grand turn of the 19th century oratorio!  :-)  Those creation stories are at Creation and not The Creation.  I agree its very odd to use an article to disambiguation like that.  I wouldn't mind moving the page to The Creation (Haydn).  Does anyone else have an opinion?  DavidRF (talk) 18:31, 5 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Yes! My opinion is that (1) User:Coasterror needs to work on his Wikicourtesy; (2) This page should be moved to The Creation (Haydn) as David suggests.  Opus33 (talk)  —Preceding comment was added at 18:50, 5 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Done. I switched all the incoming links to the oratorio, leaving the rest for creation-myth and rock-band editors to deal with.  Opus33 (talk) 16:27, 7 February 2008 (UTC)

The overture as sonata form
Who can help add a section on this? It's a controversial interpretation that I think deserves mention. I'll do what I can with it when I can get to my notes on it—we did a structural analysis in a class of mine in college.—The Realms of Gold (talk) 08:53, 12 November 2009 (UTC)

Low D on "wurm" in animal-recitative
Currently, the article says that "basses who have strong low D" are often tempted to sing "wurm" an octave lower than written. In my experience, the basses who do this are the ones with WEAK low D! The ones who think they have to prove something. Gottlob Frick, for example, was always dry and pressed when he sang below low-G, and he tried to drop the D consistently. (He also dropped the Commendatore's last note in DON GIOVANNI, "A tempo piu non v'e!", singing "v'e" an octave lower. It must have sounded very big and full, TO HIM.)  In contrast, Josef Greindl and Kurt Moll, two of the most comfortable Osmins on record, capable of big sound and full relaxed vibrato on their low Ds, sang as written. Those are just the most obvious examples. Because there's no source for this other than a personal survey, I'm not putting anything about it in the article, but if any basses are reading, PLEASE sing Haydn's D. If the low D doesn't embarrass you, it'll make you look arrogant and insecure.

Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau got an honorary PhD from my alma mater, and his acceptance speech was one sentence: "Remember, the composer is always right!" SingingZombie (talk) 03:36, 8 December 2009 (UTC)

 * You're quite right to keep to the talk page.  Thomas Quasthoff tells a funny story in his memoir about being asked for the low note by Simon Rattle: in rehearsals he kept forgetting and singing as written, but finally sang the low D in the concert.   Rattle grinned and whispered "asshole". Sparafucil (talk) 09:24, 8 December 2009 (UTC)

 * Six years later: I have responded by removing any implication that the low D has to be "strong" for a bass singer to be tempted to use it.  Thanks for pointing this out.  Opus33 (talk) 02:54, 17 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Actually Kurt Moll did sing both low D's in the 1986 Bernstein recording (both the one in Rollend in schäumended Wellen and the one in Gleich öffnet sich der Erde Schoß). Double sharp (talk) 06:33, 10 April 2017 (UTC)

English text
The libretto section currently ends with "for the full versions of both texts see the links at the end of this article." However I cannot find a link to the English text there. KHarbaugh (talk) 00:27, 17 March 2011 (UTC)

Request for clarification
I've been looking for a good reference on this but haven't found one (my library on Haydn is not large sadly and I wouldn't know where to start searching). What translation of the bible were Haydn and Swieten using? It's clearly some Catholic knock-off of Luther's but I can't seem to find details of this online. Blythwood (talk) 00:33, 8 June 2015 (UTC)

 * An interesting problem; thanks for pointing it out. I found the answer in Nicholas Temperley's book and put it in.  Opus33 (talk)

 * Thank you! I assumed as it seemed similar to Luther's but not quite the same it was some modification to fit Catholic sensibilities of the time - but that's a really interesting answer. I've always found it fascinating to listen to and compare the German and English versions, and it's a really useful fact to have on here. Blythwood (talk) 20:17, 9 June 2015 (UTC)

 * Agreed. Thanks again.  Opus33 (talk) 20:49, 9 June 2015 (UTC)

Improve
Classical music discussion fostered the idea to improve this vital article. I will improve myself what I imported, the tables on the movements. Other questions as they arise:

Images

 * Please no text squeezed between images.
 * Image size: normally default. If a larger size is wanted, it should be specified as an upright multiple, not fixed, for different user settings.

Organization

 * Move para "Instrumentation" to Music, call it "Scoring"?

Discography

 * I volunteer to organize the discography as a sortable table. If the tables seem too much for the article, I think discography might be the first to go separately.
 * I made it a table. Some questions:
 * Some choirs and orchestras are missing.
 * Some details about a concert performance might be better in prose, same for the Wunderlich last.
 * Soloists: some have 3 - all clear. Some have 5 - I assume often three archangels, Adam and Eve. Some have 4: probably the alto listed who sings only in the finale. Some stay unexplained. Could someone who knows the recordings help? --Gerda Arendt (talk) 17:43, 6 July 2015 (UTC)

Happy editing, until we can say "Vollendet ist das große Werk". This should be a GA, --Gerda Arendt (talk) 08:24, 6 July 2015 (UTC)

 * I'm fine with all of this but suggest that Discography become a satellite article. Thanks, Opus33 (talk) 20:15, 6 July 2015 (UTC)

 * Could you - before splitting - first flesh out the disco a bit by a few words about history - first period instruments - the last Wunderlich recording - to make it a stand-alone article worth reading? I will slowly deal with the above if nobody else does, want to write a GA first. --Gerda Arendt (talk) 13:51, 7 July 2015 (UTC)

Lead image
I noticed that the beautiful current lead image unfortunately doesn't actually portray God. The figure depicted is Urizen. Some other image from historical art of God creating the universe might be more appropriate. Opus33 (talk) 00:25, 17 June 2016 (UTC)
 * It was replaced in 2022 by a 14th-century depiction of the Genesis narration which seems also little related to Haydn's time and inspiration, so I restored it for now. The best image would be an autograph page but that is lost. Next best a page from an early publication. --Gerda Arendt (talk) 08:56, 3 October 2023 (UTC)

About the instruments
Information about orchestra is not fully right. 1) There are 3 flutes in "The creation", not 2; 2) Clarinets are in B-flat and C, horns are in E-flat, A, D, B-flat, C, F, E; 3) Trumpets are forgotten :) There are 2 trumpets in C, D, B-flat. Mivaleria (talk) 11:16, 22 May 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Creation (Haydn)


text:
Altrincham and Sale West (UK Parliament constituency)

Altrincham and Sale West is a constituency in the House of Commons.

The seat has been represented by Connor Rand of the Labour Party since the 2024 general election.

History
The 1995 Boundary Commission review led to the constituency's creation for the 1997 election, largely from the old seat of Altrincham and Sale; from that time until the dissolution of parliament in advance of the 2024 United Kingdom general election it was held by Graham Brady, long elected by his colleagues the chairman of the Conservative Party's backbench 1922 Committee (2010 to present; he stood down in May 2019, returning that September). In March 2023 Brady announced he would not seek reelection.

From 2001 to 2010, it was the only Conservative seat in Greater Manchester; its predecessor seats were always Conservative. In 1997, local grammar school–educated Brady was elected on a small majority of 1,500. His majority peaked at over 13,000 in 2015, being reduced in 2017 to just under 7,000. In 2019, it fell further to 6,139, a swing of 0.5% from Conservative to Labour, bucking the trend of large swings in the opposite direction.

Trafford was one of three areas in Greater Manchester to vote Remain in the EU referendum. However, Brady campaigned for Leave.

Boundaries
The constituency is one of three covering the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford. It covers the south of the borough, covering the town of Altrincham and the west of Sale. It is bordered by the constituencies of Stretford and Urmston, Tatton, Warrington North, Warrington South, and Wythenshawe and Sale East.

1997–2010: The Borough of Trafford wards of Altrincham, Bowdon, Broadheath, Hale, Mersey St Mary's, St Martin's, Timperley, and Village.

2010–2023: The Borough of Trafford wards of Altrincham, Ashton upon Mersey, Bowdon, Broadheath, Hale Barns, Hale Central, St Mary's, Timperley, and Village.

2023–present: Further to a local government boundary review which came into effect in May 2023, the constituency now comprises the following wards of Metropolitan Borough of Trafford:

 * Altrincham; Ashton upon Mersey; Bowdon; Broadheath; Hale Barns & Timperley South; Hale; Manor; Timperley Central; Timplerley North.

Following the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, which came into effect for the 2024 general election, the composition of the constituency (based on the ward structure which existed on 1 December 2020) is unchanged.

Constituency profile
The economy of the area is diverse and closely linked to the success of private business in the North West.

A highly affluent area, workless claimants who were registered jobseekers, based on a statistical compilation by The Guardian in November 2012, were a lower proportion of Altrincham and Sale West's population, at 2.3%, compared to the national average of 3.8%, and the slightly higher regional average of 4.2%. The constituency includes some of the most expensive residential streets in North-West England, typified by areas like Bowdon and Hale Barns, which are safely Conservative. Several Black British premiership footballers and millionaire British Asian businessmen and women also live in the constituency.

In the 2023 local council elections, the Conservatives won in three of the nine wards making up the constituency, with Labour, the Liberal Democrats and the Green Party each winning two wards.


text:
User talk:Eflore7

Snake on fire bittten by an scorpion

title: User talk:Eflore7


text:
Talk:Mark Fidrych

Birthplace?
This article says he was born in Worcester, Massachusetts, then ends by saying he lives "near his Northboro, Massachusetts birthplace". Most of the online references I found put his birthplace in Worcester. One writer referred to Fid as a "Northborough native"; perhaps he was born in Worcester, but moved to Northborough at such a young age that he's considered a native there, and that reference led others to think he was born in Northborough. (This reference says he played at Algonquin RHS in Northboro.) On the basis of what I've found, I'm going with Worcester as his (sole) birthplace. JamesMLane 01:45, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Northborough has no hospitals and is close enough to Worcester that his parents could have been living in Northborough when he was born in Worcester. But I don't know whether that's true. -Rjyanco 12:42, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Good point. Under that scenario, he was born in Worcester but was indeed a "Northborough native".  He wouldn't have a "Northboro birthplace" but perhaps "childhood home in Northborough" would be correct.  Anyway, I inserted the fact that he played high school ball at Algonquin RHS, so the reader can see that he's now living near where he grew up. JamesMLane 21:37, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Chronology of 1976 season
I'll start a thread off. First I think this was a WP:BOLD good faith edit by User:Over The Desk. Not vandalism but turning into a content dispute. On the content my opinion is that the section as is is sub-optimal. What I think should happen is that section be trimed to highlights and writen as prose as opposed to a full timeline. Just my opinion.--Cube lurker (talk) 20:10, 15 April 2009 (UTC)

 * I mostly agree with this. However, I do believe that Over The Desk was becoming contentious and a discussion needed to be opened before it became a full-blown edit war. Thanks for getting it started
 * In support of OtD, I think a lot of that info is duplicated at 1976 Detroit Tigers season anyway. -Dewelar (talk) 20:16, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Please stop will all of the sly comments. You said that my edit was "darn near" vandalism. Was it vandalism or good faith? It is one or the other, because the difference is intent. Now because I reverted ClueBot and another editor I was "becoming contentious"? Please explain yourself. Accuse me of something or retract your sly little innuendos. Over The Desk (talk) 20:25, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
 * "Darn near vandalism" and "good faith" are not mutually exclusive. I accuse you of seeking conflict rather than seeking harmony. The above comment does not help your case.
 * Now, I have explained myself to the extent I feel is necessary. Any more than that gives this whole issue more attention than it deserves. Good day. -Dewelar (talk) 22:43, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Even though we have discussed it elsewhere, I need to respond to this. Good faith and vandalism are completely different. "Darn near vandalism" is meaningless expect to suggest bad faith without being able to justify it. It is sneaky. My edit was clearly good faith and I do not see how I sought conflict. Accusing somebody of vandalism is, in my opinion, seeking conflict. Reverting a bot and a user who has categorised a good faith edit (including a fairly detailed explanation in the edit summary) as vandalism, is not seeking conflict. Neither is defending myself from sneaky innuendos. Over The Desk (talk) 10:48, 18 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Response on your talk page, but if I had read this first my response there would likely have been quite different.
 * You are completely wrong about the two things being "totally different". Good faith edits quite often can look like vandalism. That qualifies as "darn near vandalism". Even something that is technically vandalism can be done in good faith. Thus, what you did was exactly what I said it was -- if not vandalism, then darn close.
 * No, you are wrong. Sure, good faith edits can look like vandalism, but an edit is either vandalism/bad faith or it is good faith. Motive is what is important. Over The Desk (talk) 20:55, 18 April 2009 (UTC)
 * I would like to further point out that ascribing negative motives to me, as you do above, is a personal attack, and definitely is a violation of Wikipedia guidelines. There is a big difference between accusing someone of vandalism and accusing something someone did of being vandalism, just as, for instance, someone can do something stupid without actually being stupid. If I believe your assertions, both of good faith and of not seeking conflict, then I would conclude that you are taking this far too personally, and that you need to step back and take a few deep breaths. Let. It. Go. -Dewelar (talk) 14:52, 18 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Fine, point it out, but at least take responsibility for the fact that you ascribed negative motives to me (i.e. saying that my edits were darn near vandalism) and in fact you continue to do so. You want to tar my good faith edits with the brush of bad faith edits, without being able to justify it. If you accidentally killed somebody, and there was no reason to think that it was anything other than an accident, yet I said that it was "darn near murder", you would probably feel that I was using innuendo to unfairly tarnish your reputation. Don't tell me to let it go, just stop using sly terms (weasel words I understand it is called around here) to tarnish people's motives unless you can actually show they were in bad faith. Over The Desk (talk) 20:55, 18 April 2009 (UTC)

 * These situations are not analagous. As I have pointed out on your page, I did have reason to believe that your edits may have been done in bad faith. I am not a mind reader, and therefore cannot know they were done in bad faith. I preferred to hedge my statement, and not outright say your edits were vandalism. Because you are continuing to malign my character without reason, you are continuing to give me reason to doubt your good faith. It's unfortunate that you seem not to understand the difference between cowardice and caution. That is the kind of thing that leads one to be unnecessarily contentious, as I believe you are being here.
 * To put things more succinctly, your anger is misplaced. Please stop hounding me and take your frustration out elsewhere. This discussion is over. I apologize to the other good folks trying to edit this page in peace, and will now withdraw from the discussion. Feel free to interpret that as a victory for yourself if you wish. -Dewelar (talk) 21:20, 18 April 2009 (UTC)
 * If you had reasons to interpret my edits as vandalism then provide them here, otherwise stop trying to tarnish me with your weasel words. In future if you are sure something is vandalism, call it vandalism, if you are not sure don't call it "darn near vandalism", call it a good faith edit that concerns you or which you don't agree with. That is the correct way to do things when dealing with other people, otherwisw you will continue to attract pointless disputes both on and off Wikipedia. Here endeth the lesson. Over The Desk (talk) 23:04, 18 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Considering how important the 1976 season was to Fidrych, the team and the city, I would like to see a more concise version of the previous chronology remain on Fidrych's page. I do not have the Wiki-Fu to edit said chronology, mostly since I (a Detroiter) lived through that season and it's impossible for me to have an NPOV. Over the Desk moved a bit fast and overreaching for our usual work here, but did so with good intent.  Vandals don't have good intent.  Portia327 (talk) 21:54, 15 April 2009 (UTC)

 * I think everybody can calm down and trim the section a bit, rather than spend the time arguing over who meant what. Just suck it up and edit, with maybe a short apology or 2 added in the space below.  Smallbones (talk) 21:05, 18 April 2009 (UTC)

 * I do apologize for one thing above - having reread WP:VANDALISM, good faith and vandalism are mutually exclusive after all. My original edit summary was correct -- vandalism if bad faith, "darn near" vandalism if in good faith. Sorry again for the trouble. -Dewelar (talk) 21:43, 18 April 2009 (UTC)
 * You see, that is the problem. Vandalism is bad faith, so "darn near vandalism" is "darn near bad faith". My edits weren't in bad faith at all and I would be interested to see any justification for saying they were. This is why I am saying that, in future, please either classify edits as bad faith (buit only if they clearly are) or good faith. "Darn near bad faith" is, in my opinion, an unfair, and unjustifiable, smear whether intended or not. Over The Desk (talk) 10:36, 19 April 2009 (UTC)

 * I created the 1976 season chronlogy a while back when I was a Wikipedia newbie. I think Smallbones did a good job of editing the section.  I agree with Portia327 that the season chronology should remain given the importance of the Fidrych's 1976 season and "Bird-mania" in Detroit and baseball.  I was a young kid growing up in Detroit that year, and so my original season chronology lacked neutrality and encyclopedic style.  I think it has been much-improved by Smallbones' scalpel, and I've trimmed more myself. Cbl62 (talk) 02:58, 19 April 2009 (UTC)

Rolling Stone Cover
I've deleted the assertion that Fidrych was the first athlete to grace the cover of Rolling Stone. Both Muhammad Ali (1971) and Mark Spitz (1973) appeared earlier.

Rolling Stone Covers #50-99

Vonbontee (talk) 09:12, 16 May 2011 (UTC)

Sad story
I am thinking Wiki could actually have a section devoted to passed away personalities where those who knew them could say a nice word. There could be a designated agent who could clear the comments, such as close friend or family member.184.100.7.220 (talk) 02:05, 24 December 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 10:28, 13 November 2018 (UTC)
 * FIDRYCH76ROADJERSEY.jpg

title: Talk:Mark Fidrych


text:
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a rare congenital heart defect in which the left side of the heart is severely underdeveloped and incapable of supporting the systemic circulation. It is estimated to account for 2-3% of all congenital heart disease. Early signs and symptoms include poor feeding, cyanosis, and diminished pulse in the extremities. The etiology is believed to be multifactorial resulting from a combination of genetic mutations and defects resulting in altered blood flow in the heart. Several structures can be affected including the left ventricle, aorta, aortic valve, or mitral valve all resulting in decreased systemic blood flow.

Diagnosis can occur prenatally via ultrasound or shortly after birth via echocardiography. Initial management is geared to maintaining patency of the ductus arteriosus - a connection between the pulmonary artery and the aorta that closes shortly after birth. Thereafter, a patient subsequently undergoes a three-stage palliative repair over the next few years of life. The Norwood procedure is typically done within a few days of birth. The Glenn procedure is typically performed at three to six months of age. Finally the Fontan procedure is done sometime between the age of two and five years of age.

If left untreated, patients with HLHS die within the first weeks of life while 70% of those that undergo three-staged palliative surgery reach adulthood. After surgery, children with HLHS typically experience neurodevelopmental as well as motor delay and are at an increased risk of heart failure as adults.

Epidemiology
HLHS occurs in an estimated 1 out of 3,841 live births in the United States, or an estimated total of 1,025 live births per year in the US. Overall, it is estimated to make up 2-3% of all cases of congenital heart disease, and is the most common single-ventricle defect. It is thought to be more common in male infants, 1.5 times as common as in female infants. A recent systematic review found a slight decrease in prevalence of HLHS from 0.689/1000 in 1995 -1999, to 0.475/1000 in 2010 - 2017. This is thought to be due to improvements in prenatal detection and prenatal counseling and subsequent pregnancy.

Signs and symptoms
Closing of the ductus arteriosus in a heart that is severely underdeveloped on the left results in cyanosis and respiratory distress which can progress to cardiogenic shock and death. Early symptoms might include poor feeding or cyanosis that does not respond to oxygen administration. Peripheral pulses may be weak and extremities cool to the touch.

HLHS often co-occurs with low birth weight and premature birth.

In neonates with a small atrial septal defect, termed "restrictive", there is inadequate mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. These neonates quickly decompensate and develop acidosis and cyanosis.

On EKG, right axis deviation and right ventricular hypertrophy are common, but not indicative of HLHS. Chest x-ray may show a large heart (cardiomegaly) or increased pulmonary vasculature. Neonates with HLHS do not typically have a heart murmur, but in some cases, a pulmonary flow murmur or tricuspid regurgitation murmur may be audible.

Co-occurring tricuspid regurgitation or right ventricular dysfunction can cause hepatomegaly to develop.

Pathogenesis
The majority of HLHS cases are sporadic meaning they arise in patients with no family history of HLHS. Some cases may have a genetic component, as HLHS has been shown to be heritable and associated with specific gene mutations. Possible contributing factors may include intrauterine infarction, infectious changes, and a selective left ventricular cardiomyopathy.

Genetics
Genetic loci associated with HLHS include GJA1 (connexin 43), HAND1, NKX2.5, 10q22, and 6q23. There is a slight risk of recurrence in future pregnancies, estimated to be 2-4%, which increases to 25% in families with two affected children. This is thought to be mediated by genetic mutations with incomplete penetrance.

HLHS is also associated with several genetic syndromes, including trisomy 13 (Patau syndrome), trisomy 18 (Edwards syndrome), partial trisomy 9, Turner's syndrome (XO), Jacobsen syndrome (11q deletion syndrome), Holt-Oram syndrome, and Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome.

Altered Blood Flow
A popular theory termed the "no flow, no grow" hypothesis suggest that primary anatomic defects of the aortic and mitral valves lead to malformations of the left ventricle and its outflow tract. These primary defects can be divided into those that lead to outflow tract obstruction or reduced left ventricular filling. Outflow tract obstruction leads to left ventricular hypertrophy and reduction in the left ventricular lumen. One example of this would be in the case of aortic stenosis. Aortic stenosis that occurs during fetal development results in added stress on the left ventricle in utero. This can eventually lead to decreased perfusion through the left ventricle which is believed to inhibit ventricular growth.

Pathophysiology
At birth, the ductus arteriosus is still open, and there is higher than normal resistance to blood flow in the lungs. This allows for adequate oxygenation via mixing between the atria and a normal appearance at birth. When the ductus begins to close and pulmonary vascular resistance decreases, blood flow through the ductus is restricted and flow to the lungs is increased.

In typical anatomy, the left side of the heart receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and pumps it to the rest of the body. Patients with HLHS can have a number of cardiac malformations that ultimately lead to a diminutive left ventricle that is unable to supply sufficient blood flow to the rest of the body. There are three main anatomic variants of the disease differentiated by either stenosis or atresia of the aortic and mitral valve.

Mitral atresia and aortic atresia (MA-AA) subtype is the most severe form of HLHS resulting in no blood flow entering the left ventricle at all resulting in no possibility of left ventricular output. In the mitral stenosis and aortic atresia (MS-AA) subtype blood is able to fill the left ventricle, however it is unable to be supplied to the systemic circulation via the hypoplastic ascending aorta. Lastly, the mildest form is the mitral stenosis and aortic stenosis (MS-AS) subtype. In these patients although the left ventricle is able to supply some blood flow to the rest of the body the overall left ventricular systemic output remains inadequate.

In all of these cases blood is unable to be pumped to the rest of the body by the left ventricle. The neonate is reliant on blood flowing through an atrial septal defect to mix oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, and on a patent ductus arteriosus to allow blood to reach the aorta and the systemic circulation via the right ventricle. This is what defines HLHS as a "single ventricle" defect.

Due to the underdevelopment of the left side of the heart in utero, the increased afterload causes hypertension of the left atrium, pulmonary edema, and therefore lung damage to the fetus before birth.

Diagnosis
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome can be diagnosed prenatally or after birth via echocardiography. Typical findings include a small left ventricle and aorta, abnormalities of the mitral and aortic valves, retrograde flow in the transverse arch of the aorta, and left-to-right flow between the atria. It is often recognized during the second trimester of pregnancy, between 18 and 24 weeks' gestation.

Medical
Without life-prolonging interventions, HLHS is fatal, but with intervention, an infant may survive. A cardiothoracic surgeon may perform a series of operations or a full heart transplant. While surgical intervention has emerged as the standard of care in the United States, other national health systems, notably in France, approach diagnosis of HLHS in a more conservative manner, with an emphasis on termination of pregnancy or compassionate care after delivery.

Before surgery, the ductus must be kept open to allow blood-flow using medication containing prostaglandin. Air with less oxygen than normal is used for infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome. These low oxygen levels increases the pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and thus improve blood flow to the rest of the body due to the greater pressure difference between the lungs and body. Achieving oxygen levels below atmosphere requires the use of inhaled nitrogen. Nitric oxide is a potent pulmonary vasodilator, and thus reduces PVR and improves venous return. Any factor that increases PVR will impede right sided flow.

Surgical
Surgical operations to assist with hypoplastic left heart are complex and need to be individualized for each patient. A cardiologist must assess all medical and surgical options on a case-by-case basis.

Currently, infants undergo either the staged reconstructive surgery (Norwood or Sano procedure within a few days of birth, Glenn or Hemi-Fontan procedure at 3 to 6 months of age, and the Fontan procedure at 1 1/2 to 5 years of age) or cardiac transplantation. Current expectations are that 70% of those with HLHS may reach adulthood. Many studies show that the higher the volume (number of surgeries performed) at a hospital, the lower the mortality (death) rate. Factors that increase an infant's risk include lower birth weight, additional congenital anomalies, a genetic syndrome or those with a highly restrictive atrial septum. For patients without these additional risk factors, 5 year survival now approaches 80%. Studies show that about 75% of those children who survive surgery show developmental delays in one or more areas, such as motor, cognitive, or language impairments, with about a third of single-ventricle children without a genetic syndrome having significant impairments. Current research focuses on charting the connections between neurodevelopment injuries, surgical and intensive care procedures, and genetic susceptibility with the goal of modifying interventions that impair neurodevelopmental and psychosocial outcomes. An alternative to the traditional Norwood is the Hybrid procedure.

Some physicians offer compassionate care, instead of the surgeries, which results in the child's death, usually within 2 weeks of birth. Compassionate care is overseen by a physician, and may be carried out either in the hospital or at home. However, due to the vast improvement of surgical intervention, with many hospitals achieving over 90% survival, there is debate on whether or not compassionate care should still be offered to families. A study in 2003 concluded that a selection of physicians who are experts in the care of children with HLHS were evenly split when asked what they would do if their own children were born with HLHS, with 1/3 stating that they would choose surgery, 1/3 stating that they would choose palliative (compassionate) treatment without surgery, and 1/3 stating that they are uncertain which choice they would make.

The three-stage procedure is a palliative procedure (not a cure), as the child's circulation is made to work with only two of the heart's four chambers.

Norwood procedure
The first step is the Norwood procedure. In this procedure, the right ventricle is used to pump blood into the systemic circulation. Since the right ventricle is no longer directly pumping blood to the lungs, a shunt is required in order to pass deoxygenated blood through the lungs. Either the subclavian artery can be connected to the pulmonary circulation (Blalock-Taussig shunt), or a shunt is made directly from the right ventricle to the pulmonary circulation (Sano shunt). The narrow aorta is enlarged using a patch to improve blood flow to the body.

During this time the baby may be medically fragile and have feeding problems because the heart is working very hard. There is a considerable degree of venous mixing in the right ventricle, leading to lower oxygenation saturation. In addition, both the Blalock-Taussig and the Sano shunts expose the lungs to systemic arterial pressures, leading to long-term pulmonary hypertension and eventually heart failure.

Hybrid procedure
The Hybrid procedure may be used in place of the Norwood. The Hybrid procedure does not necessitate the use of heart-lung bypass or performing a sternotomy. Instead of a six-hour surgery, the Hybrid typically takes one to two hours. In this procedure, a stent is placed in the ductus arteriosus to maintain its patency, and bands are placed over both the left and right pulmonary artery branches to limit pressure and over-circulation to the lungs. Outcomes with the Hybrid approach are comparable to those with the Norwood.

Glenn procedure
The second stage—the bidirectional Glenn or Hemi-Fontan (see also Kawashima procedure)—relieves some of the problems introduced by Stage I palliation. In this operation, the superior vena cava is ligated from the heart and connected to the pulmonary circulation. At this time, the Blalock-Taussig or Sano shunt is taken down. The lungs are no longer exposed to systemic arterial pressures, but much lower venous pressures. Although venous blood from the upper half of the body is no longer mixing with oxygenated blood in the right ventricle, there is still venous mixing from the lower half of the body, leading to some degree of oxygen desaturation.

Fontan procedure
The final procedure, the Fontan procedure, completes the repair of the hypoplastic left heart. Although there are several variations, the functional effect is to redirect venous blood from the lower body (through the inferior vena cava) away from the right atrium to the pulmonary artery. This should eliminate any mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in the right ventricle. The right ventricle performs the traditional job of the left, supplying the body with oxygenated blood, while the passive systemic venous pressure performs the traditional job of the right, passing deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

Fetal surgery
Interventions performed during fetal development are under investigation. When signs of HLHS are detected prenatally via ultrasound, a percutaneous procedure involving the insertion of a balloon catheter can open the atrial septal defect to prevent left atrial hypertension and promote improved heart development.

Prognosis
95% of untreated infants with HLHS die in the first weeks of life.

Early survival has improved since the introduction of the Norwood procedure. Since there are no long-term studies of HLHS adults, statistics are usually derived from post-Fontan patients; it is estimated that 70% of HLHS patients may reach adulthood.

Prognosis is dependent upon the health of the child, as there is an increased demand on respiratory and heart rate in infants during common childhood illnesses. This fragile population has little cardiac reserve to accommodate these demands and provide hemodynamic stability during illnesses.

Children with HLHS and other comparable single-ventricle conditions, as a group, have poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes than their healthy peers. Deficits in language, executive functioning, and higher rates of anxiety and depression disorders have been demonstrated. Some of these outcomes may be a consequence of genetic factors associated with HLHS, and others may be modifiable through changes to procedures and to the healthcare environment. There is an emerging clinical consensus around the importance of continuous neurodevelopmental surveillance from the earliest years into adulthood. Additionally, a recent meta-analysis comparing twenty-two studies showed that 64.7% of the studies reported delayed motor development in children with single ventricle physiologies, such as hypoplastic left heart syndrome.

As is true for patients with other types of heart defects involving malformed valves, HLHS patients run a high risk of endocarditis, and must be monitored by a cardiologist for the rest of their lives to check on their heart function.

Heart transplantation may be indicated, typically after Fontan completion. One multi-center study (of patients undergoing the Fontan from 1993 to 2001) reported a 76% 1-year survival rate in patients who survived to transplant.

Future of stem cell therapies
A systematic review found 23 articles, published since 2010, as well as nine relevant clinical trials related to congenital heart disease and recent advances in stem cell therapies. Pre-clinical research has focused on several types of stem cells including: mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), autologous umbilical cord blood cells, c-kit+ cardiac stem cells, and neonatal thymus mesenchymal stem cells. These cell types have shown the ability to differentiate into cardiac tissue making them ideal for cardiac regenerative therapy. The first use of autologous umbilical cord blood cells was done at the Mayo Clinic in 2015 and was found to increase right ventricular function in the patient after their procedure. The first use of cardiac progenitor cells occurred in the Transcoronary Infusion of Cardiac Progenitor Cells in Patients with Single-Ventricle Physiology (TICAP) Trail of 2011.

Ongoing trials
There are several ongoing studies testing the feasibility and efficacy of stem cell therapies for single ventricle diseases such as HLHS. These trials focus on what are the most effective stem cells, what is the best timing in the 3-stage repair, and what is the optimal delivery method.
 * Phase IIb trial testing the efficacy of intramyocardial injections umbilical cord blood cells during Stage II (Glenn) repair.
 * Phase I trial testing the efficacy of autologous cord blood cell infusion during Stage 1 (Norwood) repair within two-to-three days of birth.
 * The ELPIS trial is a phase I/IIb open pilot testing the efficacy and safety of intramyocardial donor human mesenchymal stem cell injections in patients during Stage 2 (Glenn) and Stage 3 (Fontan) repairs.
 * Phase I trial testing the efficacy of umbilical cord blood intramyocardial injections during Stage 2 (Glenn) repair.
 * The PERSEUS study is a phase II trial testing the efficacy of intracoronary infusions of cardiac progenitor cells and evaluating function 3-months post-treatment.
 * APOLLON study is a phase III clinical trial testing the efficacy and safety of intracoronary injections of autologous cardiac stem cells during Stage 2 (Glenn) or Stage 3 (Fontan) repair.
 * CHILD Study is a phase I clinical trial testing the feasibility and safety of intramyocardial injections of c-kit+ cells during Stage 2 (Glenn) repair.

It is important to keep in mind that patients with HLHS are at increased risk of developing heart failure as adults. It remains unknown if these potential therapies would reduce the future risk of heart failure in these patients.

title: Hypoplastic left heart syndrome


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Natalia Vodianova

Natalia Mikhailovna Vodianova (Наталья Михайловна Водянова; born 28 February 1982), nicknamed Supernova, is a Russian model and United Nations Goodwill Ambassador. Vodianova has appeared on the cover of Vogue 86 times, which makes her one of the models with the most Vogue cover appearances.

In 2012, she came in third on Forbes top-earning models list, estimated to have earned $8.6 million in one year. Vodianova was ranked in 2015 by models.com as one of the New Supers in the fashion industry.

In 2010, Vodianova was awarded Inspiration of the Year by Harper's Bazaar. In 2014, Glamour recognized her as Woman of the Year and awarded her its The Voice for Children award.

Vodianova is a mother of 5, and also a member of the Special Olympics International Board of Directors. In 2021, the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) appointed her as a Goodwill Ambassador for the sexual and reproductive health agency.

Early life
Vodianova was born in Gorky, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union (now Nizhny Novgorod, Russia). She grew up in a district of the city (Avtozavod, GAZ car factory) with her mother, Larisa, and two younger half-sisters, Oksana and Kristina Kusakina. Oksana has autism. Vodianova has another younger half-sister, Jennifer "Jenna" Burns (born Maria Mashinka in 1999), who was placed for adoption as a baby and raised in North Carolina, United States. One of Vodianova's grandmothers is Mordovian (Erzya). Vodianova was raised in a poor neighbourhood and has stated that she was often bullied for being too skinny and badly dressed.

At the age of 11 Vodianova started helping her mother by selling fruit on the street. Vodianova's mother's experience with abusive boyfriends caused Vodianova to move out at the age of 15.

Vodianova revealed that she found her sister Jenna Burns, who had been given up for adoption, through a DNA test.

Modelling
At the age of 16, Vodianova enrolled in a modeling school. A few months later she attended a casting held by an international scout and was accepted to a modeling agency. By the age of 17, she had moved to Paris and signed with Viva Models. Vodianova has achieved success as a runway, editorial, and advertising campaign model. She has appeared in more than 200 runway shows for American and European-based designers' ready-to-wear and haute couture collections and has been featured in advertising campaigns for various fashion houses.

She has worked with top fashion photographers such as Mario Testino, Annie Leibovitz., and also appeared on the covers of major international magazines including Vanity Fair; Vogue, and Interview.

Photographed by Steven Meisel, Vodianova made her first appearance on the cover of American Vogue in the September 2004 edition alongside Gisele Bündchen and Daria Werbowy as one of the "Models of the Moment". She then appeared as the solo cover subject of the July 2007 edition of the magazine. During this period, other covers of American Vogue all featured non-model celebrities with only three other exceptions—Linda Evangelista, Liya Kebede, and Bündchen. In May 2009, Vodianova was again featured on the cover of American Vogue as one of the "Model Faces of the Moment". By 2014, Vodianova had appeared on the cover of British Vogue ten times; the first being the September 2003 issue.

In Spring 2009, Vodianova entered a three-year agreement to be a brand ambassador for the French lingerie company Etam and designed a lingerie collection each season during the term of the agreement. The collections were marketed under the brand Natalia pour Etam. Vodianova has a contract with Guerlain, a French perfume house and cosmetics line, which was acquired in 1994 by the LVMH group, a multinational investment corporation specializing in luxury brands. She is also a regular campaign and poster model for Stella McCartney. In addition, she has been featured as a 'Face of the Moment' in May 2009's US Vogue.

In 2014, Vodianova appeared on the cover of the September issue of Vanity Fair, shot by photographer Mario Testino. She was one of 50 models on the September 2014 cover of Italian Vogue, the magazine's fiftieth-anniversary issue. She also appeared on a solo cover for French Vogue in the September issue, her sixth cover for the magazine. In the November issue, Vodianova graced the cover of American Vogue shot by Annie Leibovitz; this was her fourth American Vogue cover and second solo American Vogue cover since her appearance in July 2007.

In 2015, Vodianova was photographed by Steven Meisel for the 2015 Pirelli Calendar; this was her fourth appearance in Pirelli since 2003. She returned as the face of Calvin Klein's Euphoria fragrance shot by Inez and Vinoodh, ten years since her first exclusive contract with Calvin Klein. Vice President of Calvin Klein Fragrances, Coty, Friedemann Schmid, commenting on her return to the brand, said "Natalia Vodianova truly embodies the sensual glamour and sophistication of the Euphoria woman". Vodianova returned for the Stella McCartney campaign for the spring/summer 2015 and fall/winter 2015 collections. She ranked No. 5 on the 2015 Forbes list of highest earning models, earning an estimated $7 million.

In 2016, Vodianova was selected and photographed by Annie Leibovitz as part of the 43rd Pirelli Calendar, which celebrated some of the world's most inspiring women, such as Tavi Gevinson, Serena Williams, Amy Schumer, Yoko Ono, Fran Lebowitz, Patti Smith, Kathleen Kennedy, Yao Chen, Mellody Hobson, Ava DuVernay, Agnes Gund, and Shirin Neshat. This was her fifth appearance in Pirelli. She also fronted Riccardo Tisci's Givenchy 2016 Spring/Summer campaign along with Tisci's longtime muse Mariacarla Boscono. Other veteran models in the campaign included Lara Stone, Joan Smalls, Miranda Kerr, Gemma Ward, Iselin Steiro, Candice Swanepoel. This was Vodianova's fourth appearance in Tisci's Givenchy campaigns. Shot by Steven Meisel, she became the campaign model for Prada's spring/summer 2016 collection along with their comeback muse Sasha Pivovarova and Dutch newcomer Yasmin Wijnaldum. Vodianova appeared in her ninth ad campaign for Stella McCartney in their spring/summer 2016 collection together with Boscono. She also returned as the campaign model for Italian denim wear brand Miss Sixty. In October 2016, she appeared in her second campaign ad for David Yurman, which was shot by Bruce Weber for the fall/winter 2016 campaign.

In 2017, Vodianova was again in the Campaign Ad for David Yurman along with model Taylor Marie Hill for the spring/summer collection. Vodianova was also hired by H&M for their Conscious Exclusive collection, a sustainable line using recycled and organic materials. Vodianova appeared in her 5th cover for W magazine in their June/July 2017 edition, which was dedicated to Vodianova and photographed by Steven Meisel.

Vodianova was ranked 14th in British television channel Five's 2005 television programme World's Greatest Supermodel. Forbes magazine estimates she earned US$4.5 million between August 2006 and July 2007, US$4.8 million between May 2007 and April 2008 and US$5.5 million between June 2008 and June 2009, making her the seventh highest earning model worldwide during all three time periods.

Acting
Vodianova was cast as Medusa in the 2010 film Clash of the Titans. In addition, she appeared in major roles in the films CQ (2001), Probka (2009), and a 2012 film adaptation of Belle du Seigneur. She also served as the narrator in a major broadcast of Swan Lake from the Mariinsky Theatre (2013).

Other work
In May 2009, Vodianova co-hosted the semi-finals of the Eurovision Song Contest in Moscow. On 12 December 2009, she was designated an ambassador of the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi. In 2010, she appeared at the 2010 Winter Olympics closing ceremony in Vancouver.

Philanthropy
Vodianova is a founder of the Naked Heart Foundation, a philanthropic organisation that strives to provide a safe and inspiring environment in which to play for every child living in urban Russia and to help support families raising children with disabilities. Natalia's sister Oksana lives with autism. Vodianova drew attention to the problem of the rights of disabled people in Russia when her sister was asked to leave a cafe in Nizhny Novgorod because "she scares customers".

She was inspired to found the charity by the Beslan tragedy. Vodianova's idea was to support children who survived the event by enjoying playing as a distraction from their psychological trauma. The organisation built its first playground park in 2006 in Nizhny Novgorod. Several more have since been set up by the charity, including one in Beslan itself.

Vodianova also lends her support to a number of other philanthropic causes, such as the (Bugaboo)RED campaign, an initiative to help eliminate AIDS in Africa. That same year, Vodianova became an ambassador for Hear the World, a global campaign that seeks to raise awareness of the topic of hearing and hearing loss and to promote the issue of good hearing all over the world.

She is a spokesperson for the Tiger Trade Campaign, an alliance of 38 organisations "to bring back wild tigers by stopping trade in tiger parts and products from all sources." In an interview supporting the campaign, Vodianova said: "I'm proud that Russia, my country, is home to the most magnificent of animals, the wild Siberian tiger. Today, it is up to us to protect the tiger and its home. Fewer than 350 Siberian tigers remain in the wild, and no more than 3,400 tigers survive anywhere in the world. Unless we act now, we will see the extinction of the wild tiger within our lifetime."

In 2015, together with Timon Afinsky, Vodianova co-founded the digital app Elbi, which allows people to donate money with a "Love Button", create content, send messages, and vote for charitable purposes. The app was promoted by the Clinton Global Initiative Commitment in 2016 and supported by Joanna Shields, Bebo co-founder Michael Birch, Wikipedia founder Jimmy Wales, Huffington Post co-founder Arianna Huffington, Mind Candy founder Acton Smith, designer Diane von Furstenberg, co-founder of Lastminute.com and Made.com Brent Hoberman, as well as the founder and CEO of Illumination Entertainment, Chris Meledandri.

Special Olympics
Vodianova is a member of the international board of directors for the Special Olympics and supported the 2014 European Games and the 2015 World Games.

United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) Goodwill Ambassador
In February 2021, the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) appointed Vodianova as a goodwill ambassador. Referencing her prior work with UNFPA's "Let's Talk" series, fighting shame, exclusion and discrimination, faced routinely by millions of women and girls, the agency said it hoped their partnerships would bridge the divide between the fashion and technology industries.

Awards
In November 2010, Harper's Bazaar awarded Vodianova with the Inspiration of the Year Award, given in recognition of her philanthropic efforts.

In April 2013, she was honoured with the Inspiration Award at the fourth annual DVF Awards. The award is given to women "who have demonstrated leadership, strength and courage in the face of adversity, and who use their influence to effect positive change." The same year, she was also the recipient of Harper's Bazaar's Philanthropist of the Year Award.

On 10 November 2014, Vodianova was one of the honored 2014 Glamour Woman of the Year for her contribution and philanthropy as The Voice for Children. The ceremony was held at Carnegie Hall, with Arianna Huffington presenting the award to Vodianova.

Personal life
Vodianova met Justin Portman (b. 1969), half-brother of the 10th Viscount Portman and son of Edward Portman, 9th Viscount Portman, a British property heir, at a Paris dinner in 2001. They married in November 2001 when she was 8 months pregnant. In September 2002, over nine months after registering the marriage in the UK, they had a wedding ceremony in St. Petersburg, where Vodianova wore a dress designed by Tom Ford. They have three children: two sons born in 2001 and 2007, and a daughter born in 2006. Vodianova and Portman announced their separation in June 2011 and they divorced that year.

Following her separation from Portman, Vodianova began a relationship with Antoine Arnault, son of LVMH founder Bernard Arnault and the CEO of luxury brand Berluti. The couple have two sons, born in 2014 and 2016. Vodianova announced their engagement on 31 December 2019. The COVID-19 pandemic forced the cancellation of their 27 June 2020 wedding at Saint-Pierre d'Hautvillers Abbey, and the couple officially married on 21 June 2020 at a Paris city council. The couple have an apartment in Paris.

title: Natalia Vodianova


text:
TSC (TV channel)

TSC (formerly The Shopping Channel) is a Canadian discretionary service channel owned by the Rogers Sports & Media subsidiary of Rogers Communications. The channel showcases various products which viewers can purchase either by telephone or internet.

As with most home shopping channels, the products are mainly aimed at a female audience, though some products target males as well. Products include those from such categories as fashion, beauty, home and garden, and electronics.

History
Founded by Canadian entrepreneur John Goldberg, the channel went on the air on January 15, 1987 as the Canadian Home Shopping Network (CHSN), under the umbrella of the Canadian Home Shopping Club (CHSC), and was affiliated with the U.S. Home Shopping Network (HSN). The channel was exempted from licensing by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC), but for several years this was on the condition the channel not use live motion video to demonstrate its products. Animated graphics could be used, but otherwise CHSN was limited to a slide-show format with voice-overs. This restriction was lifted in 1995.

The first on-air host was Sandi Hall. Hosts from the first year included "Bargain" Bill Allison (husband to Betty-Jean Allison, also a former host), Mike Banks, Craig Hamilton (Stash Cairo), Alexandra Elliot (Martha Zidel) and Rosemary Frasier, Hugh Wilson, and Steve Oatway. In January 1988, Rogers Communications acquired the organization from John Goldberg. Rogers then installed Simon Dean as the new president.

The Canadian Home Shopping Network was renamed to The Shopping Channel (TSC) in 2000.

After adopting its current name, the channel commonly used the acronym "TSC", which had a stylized askew-square logo. Its use was cut back significantly after complaints from the hardware store chain Tractor Supply Company, which used a vaguely similar logo.

In July 2011, TSC launched a high definition feed simulcasting the standard definition feed.

In July 2015, it was reported that Rogers was planning to sell The Shopping Channel, and had received bids from foreign broadcasters, such as Liberty Interactive (owner of QVC). Interest had also reportedly been shown by HSN and Evine Live. The network could fetch at least $300 million, although due to CRTC policies, a foreign company would not be able to serve as majority-owner.

In May 2017, the channel introduced a new logo and tagline, "Today's Shopping Choice".

Products
TSC also has several businesses and products associated with and integrated with the television channel.

 * E-commerce website - the channel operates tsc.ca, its online store which sells products that are currently featured on the channel in addition to exclusive products and products that have previously been advertised on the channel.
 * Credit card - a branded TSC Credit Card
 * Outlet store - previously, the channel owned an off-air outlet store in Toronto, Ontario; however, it has since been closed.

Christmas programming
The only time that TSC does not broadcast live or tape-delayed product demonstrations is on Christmas Eve and Christmas Day. Sale broadcasts were replaced by Christmas scenes with holiday music in the background until 2008, but have been replaced since with TSC on-air personalities and celebrity guests sharing their Christmas memories. TSC usually ends live broadcasting for the Christmas holiday at about 4:00pm EST Christmas Eve, with taped sales segments airing from 4:00pm – 10:00pm EST. They go back to regular broadcasting at 10:00pm EST Christmas Day, with taped sales segments, and return to live broadcasting at 7:00am EST Boxing Day.

title: TSC (TV channel)


text:
Evansville (disambiguation)

Evansville is the third largest city in the U.S. state of Indiana.

Evansville may refer to:

Places

 * United States
 * Evansville, Alaska
 * Evansville, Arkansas
 * Evansville, Indiana
 * Evansville, Illinois
 * Evansville Precinct, Randolph County, Illinois
 * Evansville, Minnesota
 * Evansville Township, Douglas County, Minnesota
 * Evansville, Missouri
 * Evansville, Wisconsin
 * Evansville, Wyoming

 * Canada
 * Evansville, Ontario (disambiguation), multiple places

 * Sports teams:
 * Evansville BlueCats, professional indoor football team
 * Evansville Crimson Giants, one of several defunct NFL teams
 * Evansville Otters, minor league baseball team

 * Other uses
 * Evansville Regional Airport, near Evansville, Indiana
 * University of Evansville

title: Evansville (disambiguation)