text:
Lord Lieutenant of Shropshire

This is a list of people who have served as Lord Lieutenant of Shropshire. Before the English Civil War, the lieutenancy of Shropshire was always held by the Lord Lieutenant of Wales, but after the Restoration, its lieutenants were appointed separately. Since 1708, all the Lord Lieutenants have also been Custos Rotulorum of Shropshire.

Lord Lieutenants of Shropshire

 * see Lord Lieutenant of Wales for pre-English Civil War lieutenants
 * Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex (appointed by Parliament) 1642 - 14 September 1646
 * Francis Newport, 1st Earl of Bradford 26 July 1660 – 11 August 1687
 * George Jeffreys, 1st Baron Jeffreys 11 August 1687 – 18 April 1689
 * Francis Newport, 1st Earl of Bradford 11 June 1689 – 29 November 1704
 * Richard Newport, 2nd Earl of Bradford 29 November 1704 – 10 May 1712
 * Charles Talbot, 1st Duke of Shrewsbury 10 May 1712 – 12 November 1714
 * Richard Newport, 2nd Earl of Bradford 12 November 1714 – 14 June 1723
 * Henry Newport, 3rd Earl of Bradford 20 May 1724 – 23 December 1734
 * Henry Herbert, 1st Earl of Powis 22 May 1735 – 13 March 1761
 * William Pulteney, 1st Earl of Bath 13 March 1761 – 7 July 1764
 * Henry Herbert, 1st Earl of Powis 16 August 1764 – 10 September 1772
 * Robert Clive, 1st Baron Clive 4 November 1772 – 22 November 1774
 * Edward Clive, 2nd Baron Clive 12 April 1775 – 30 March 1798
 * George Herbert, 2nd Earl of Powis 30 March 1798 – 16 January 1801
 * vacant
 * Edward Clive, 1st Earl of Powis 18 May 1804 – 16 May 1839
 * George Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, 2nd Duke of Sutherland 13 July 1839 – 14 November 1845
 * Rowland Hill, 2nd Viscount Hill 14 November 1845 – 3 January 1875
 * Orlando Bridgeman, 3rd Earl of Bradford 30 January 1875 – 25 July 1896
 * George Herbert, 4th Earl of Powis 25 July 1896 – 3 August 1951
 * Robert Bridgeman, 2nd Viscount Bridgeman 3 August 1951 – 20 March 1970
 * Lt.-Col. Arthur Heywood-Lonsdale 20 March 1970 – 3 March 1975
 * Sir John Dugdale 3 March 1975 – 1994
 * Gustavus Hamilton-Russell, 10th Viscount Boyne 19 June 1994 – 14 December 1995
 * Sir Algernon Heber-Percy 11 March 1996 – 2 January 2019
 * Anna Turner 3 January 2019 – Present

Deputy lieutenants
A deputy lieutenant of Shropshire is commissioned by the Lord Lieutenant of Shropshire. Deputy lieutenants support the work of the lord-lieutenant. There can be several deputy lieutenants at any time, depending on the population of the county. Their appointment does not terminate with the changing of the lord-lieutenant, but they usually retire at age 75.

19th Century

 * 2 April 1839: George Austin Moultri
 * 10 March 1846: Henry Pinson Tozer Aubrey
 * 10 March 1846: John Charles Burton Borough
 * 10 March 1846: Peter Broughton
 * 10 March 1846: George Brooke
 * 10 March 1846: Robert Burton
 * 10 March 1846: Robert Henry Cliency
 * 10 March 1846: Saint John Chiverton Charlton
 * 10 March 1846: Edward Corbett
 * 10 March 1846: Edward Herbert, 3rd Earl of Powis
 * 10 March 1846: John Whitehall Dod
 * 10 March 1846: Thomas Campbell Eyton
 * 10 March 1846: Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville,
 * 10 March 1846: William Ormsby-Gore, 2nd Baron Harlech
 * 10 March 1846: Robert Gardner
 * 10 March 1846: Richard Frederick Hill
 * 10 March 1846: The Hon. Gustavus Frederick Hamilton
 * 10 March 1846: Richard Henry Kinchant
 * 10 March 1846: Sir Baldwin Leighton, 7th Baronet,
 * 10 March 1846: Ralph Merrick Leeke
 * 10 March 1846: Joseph Venables Lovett
 * 10 March 1846: Thomas Lovett
 * 10 March 1846: Charles Kynaston Mainwaring
 * 10 March 1846: Edward William Smythe Owen
 * 10 March 1846: John Owen
 * 10 March 1846: William Oakeley
 * 10 March 1846: William Halsted Poole
 * 10 March 1846: John Rocke
 * 10 March 1846: Robert Aglionby Slaney
 * 10 March 1846: Henry Cavendish Taylor
 * 10 March 1846: Thomas Twemlow

title: Lord Lieutenant of Shropshire


text: Template:Starbox character

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Template:Starbox character


text:
Talk:Epistles of Clement

Untitled
Shouldn't this be referred to as the "Epistles of Clement" vice "1 Clement"? With no information on 2 Clement at present, it is probably best to wrap the pair up together for the moment. Mitsukai 19:54, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I totally agree. Compare the Pastoral epistles I recently collected together. Context counts! --Wetman 19:59, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I've moved the page, and reaimed all the links to 1 Clement and 2 Clement here. Hope no one minds my being bold. Jwrosenzweig 16:40, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

No, these ought to be split. There shouldn't be one article on two different works, unless that article compares the two and two seperate articles exist for the subset works. Thanatosimii 21:41, 26 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree that two separate articles seems appropriate. I'll try to expanding the text substantially and create two the two articles. --Alecmconroy 22:55, 17 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Your stubs are prepared. We don't usually cannibalize existing articles to make new ones. --Wetman 23:46, 17 January 2007 (UTC)

The two epistles should definitely be separated, for several reasons. First, there is no logical connection between them. It is debatable whether both are even by the same author. More important still, we can tie 1 Clement precisely into first-century Roman history, as George Edmundson did in 1913, in his book The Church in Rome in the First Century.

Since all the scholarship I've read suggests pretty strongly that they are both spurious to some extent, I've consolidated the two pages into this one but, for those who feel that they deserve their own pages, have not deleted the originals. I've also cleaned up a few of the syntax and spelling errors. The original individual pages exist but I see no real reason for them to continue to do so. Silvanus42 21:50, 16 October 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree with Silvanus42. German, Italian and Spanish Wikipedia have separated articles.--Egaida 12:38, 31 October 2007 (UTC)

deleted information restored
Defenders of POV routinely delete information that they don't like. In this case, I've restored it. If there are issues with the material, let's discuss it on the talk page. Leadwind (talk) 16:45, 22 February 2008 (UTC)
 * I'm going to go through the article and add "citation needed" tags for the parts that need it. I'm also going to make some changes to the structure of the lead section being careful to not remove any text. Dgf32 (talk) 17:29, 23 February 2008 (UTC)

The following section of the text needs refining to achieve NPOV: "The spiritual authority wielded in this epistle comes not from a Pope claiming authority by virtue of office like that envisioned in the eighth century forgeries "The Donation of Constantine" and the Pseudo-Isidorean Decretals, but rather from a Church claiming authority by virtue of the inspiration of the Holy Spirit as this church reasons with a sister church, quoting the words of God found in scripture and appealing to the apostolic tradition shared by both churches." Dgf32 (talk) 18:02, 23 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Just as some use 1 Clement to argue against Roman Primacy, many use 1 Clement as an example of the early Roman Church asserting it's primacy. The text above offers one interpretation of the epistle, which while held by some scholars, is also objected to by many scholars. If you want to include a discussion of interpretation in the article, then the full arguements from both sides must be presented in neutral tone, citing sources on both sides, and avoiding individual interpretation and original research. If you're willing to put in the time to doing it correctly, it could stay in the article. Dgf32 (talk) 18:02, 23 February 2008 (UTC)
 * I've gone through several different English translations of the epistle, and none of them use terminology "sister church" or other terminology which might have a similar meaning. Since that section of the text is both factually incorrect and not verifiable, I'm going to remove just that one particular part now. Hopefully in the next few days you can work out a more neutral version of the text I included above. Thank you! Dgf32 (talk) 18:06, 23 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Again, I still didn't get a response on this issue. The paragraph starting with "No where in the epistle itself..." has very strong POV. Unless we can balance that interpretation of the epistle out with other interpretations and good, solid citations, I think that entire paragraph can be deleted without affecting the quality of the article. Wikipedia is an encyclopedia. If people want religious interpretations of the epistle, either Roman Catholic or Eastern Orthodox, they wouldn't be looking in an encyclopedia. If we can't improve this section soon and present a more balanced arguement, I think it needs to be removed from the article. Dgf32 (talk) 15:50, 25 February 2008 (UTC)
 * There still were no citations provided, nor was there any attempt to provide a NPOV. Instead of trying to advance both Roman and Orthodox interpreations of the document, I think it's better to leave the article as it was before the uncited information was added. If you can provide citations and reformulate the text with NPOV, please do edit the article accordingly. Dgf32 (talk) 23:41, 29 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Dgf32, thanks for deleting that uncited material, and thanks for having the patience to see if the other editor would provide the citations. Leadwind (talk) 02:24, 1 March 2008 (UTC)

The editor previous introduced into the article that the epistled was sent from "the Church of God which sojourns in Rome" to "the Church of God which sojourns in Corinth", and he used these quotations form the epistle to suggest that Clement was not its author since he did not sign his name to it. This obviously has POV issues, but more importantly, its original research. While I always try to give editors the benefit of the doubt, if you look through the editor in question's contributions history, it's obvious he came to Wikipedia with a particular POV to push. Dgf32 (talk) 20:28, 19 March 2008 (UTC)

Suggested EL
Over on Clement of Rome, the author of this webpage, http://www.mortalresurrection.com/2008/12/25/63/#more-63, added it to the ELs. I removed it as COI, but I do think it is a good site. Footnoted and everything. I'm suggesting it be added to this page, as it is about 1 Clement, not Clement himself. For a short discussion on the issue, you can refer to the bottom of my talk page. Carl.bunderson (talk) 06:26, 14 January 2009 (UTC)

The referenced article is a short study on the use of material deriving from the Synoptic Gospels in I Clement. Since the 'apostolic fathers' are a primary source for understanding the organization of the early church, and more specifically the development of the Christian Canon, it seemed appropriate to include the article here. Mortalresurrection (talk) 15:35, 14 January 2009 (UTC)

Done. Carl.bunderson (talk) 08:53, 17 January 2009 (UTC)

Epistle of Clement to the Corinthians, suggested revision
Much of the material currently residing in the Section concerning I Clement appears to come from Bruce Metzger's Canon of the New Testament. While we could argue whether influence from the works of Lightfoot, Westcott, or even F.F. Bruce might also be employed, my concern right now is that of assuring that we properly represent the conclusions of the scholarly work of Metzger. Specifically, I am concerned that the last sentence of Paragraph 3, although an apparent paraphrase of Metzger's conclusion, is quite misleading in its current form.

Metzger's concluding paragraph runs as follows: "By way of summary, we see that Clement’s Bible is the Old Testament, to which he refers repeatedly as Scripture (γραφή), quoting it with more or less exactness. Clement also makes occasional reference to certain words of Jesus; though they are authoritative for him, he does not appear to enquire how their authenticity is ensured. In two of the three instances that he speaks of remembering ‘the words’ of Jesus, it seems that he has a written record in mind, but he does not call it a ‘gospel’. He knows several of Paul’s epistles, and values them highly for their content; the same can be said of the epistle to the Hebrews, with which he is well acquainted. Although these writings obviously possess for Clement considerable significance, he never refers to them as authoritative ‘Scripture’." (emphasis mine)

The last sentence of section three reads: "Though he quotes some of the letters of Paul and the Epistle to the Hebrews and remembers some sayings of Jesus, he never refers to these as authoritative Scripture.

Doesn't this convey a significantly different meaning than that of Metzger? My proposed emendation would run as follows; replacing ONLY the last sentence of Paragraph 3, and possibly commencing a new Paragraph between what is now Para 3 and Para 4: "New Testament references include Clement’s admonition to “Take up the epistle of the blessed Paul the Apostle” which was written to this Corinthian audience; a reference which seems to imply written documents available at both Rome and Corinth (Metzger, p.42). Clement also alludes to the epistles from Paul to the Romans, Galatians, Ephesians, and Philippians; numerous phrases from Hebrews, and possible material from Acts, James, and I Peter (Metzger, p.42-43). On several instances, he asks his readers to “remember” the words of Jesus, although it is unclear from the text whether these sayings emanate from written gospels (Metzger, p. 43). Although these New Testament allusions are employed to strengthen Clement’s arguments to the Corinthians, Clement never explicitly refers to them as “Scripture”. "

I am open to discussion on this. Mortalresurrection (talk) 18:12, 17 January 2009 (UTC)

 * On its face, I don't think the last sentence of section three conveys a significantly different meaning than that of Metzger. But I also think your emendation would be good. Be bold, and add it. Just make sure that when you actually put it in the article itself, that you use the ??ref?? kinda looking button above the edit button to add the refs, rather than using parenthetical refs. Cheers. Carl.bunderson

Splitting into Two Articles
As mentioned at the top, this Article refers to two separate entities, and should thus be split into two. Please voice your objections before I go ahead. -- Schewek (talk) 16:34, 5 March 2009 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Schewek (talk • contribs) 20:48, 4 March 2009 (UTC)

 * The article that enfolds both is Pope Clement I. Up-to-date summaries of both articles should be available there.--Wetman (talk) 17:38, 5 March 2009 (UTC)

 * Ok, I will try to split this, trying to follow directions in WP:SPLIT. I will first try to move this to First Epistle of Clement, and then split out the 2 Clement part. /Pieter Kuiper (talk) 20:01, 8 August 2010 (UTC)
 * Ah well, that does not work, because there is prior history there. Someone merged these two articles in October 2007. That was unfortunate. I propose to resurrect those two articles first, and to butcher this one. /Pieter Kuiper (talk) 20:07, 8 August 2010 (UTC)

Authenticity
Article seems to slur together 2 different senses:

 * 1) when was it written?
 * 2) who wrote it?

As far as I know, scholarly opinion is that the answers are

 * 1) c 96
 * 2) anon

Peter jackson (talk) 10:31, 23 April 2009 (UTC)

Sorry, should have specified I Clement. Peter jackson (talk) 10:31, 23 April 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Epistles of Clement


text:
User:Seancdaug/CVG Infobox Test

Just something I've been fooling around with: a modification of the Multiple platforms infobox over at the CVG WikiProject, designed to blend in a little better with the new infobox template. I'm planning on debuting it on the Final Fantasy I and Castlevania articles, as a way to trim down the absurdly large current infoboxes.

title: User:Seancdaug/CVG Infobox Test


text:
Melissia

Melissia (Μελίσσια) is a town and a suburb in the northeastern part of the Athens agglomeration, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Penteli, of which it is the seat and a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 3.956 km2. Melissia is situated at the southwestern foot of the Penteli mountains, 12 km northeast of Athens city centre. It is a green residential town.

It was part of the municipality of Marousi until 1946, when it became a separate community. It became a municipality in 1990. The population of Melissia was more than 22,000 at the 2011 census. It has six primary schools, two high schools (Greek "Gymnasium"), one lyceum and a modern municipal swimming-pool.

title: Melissia


text:
User:Northvue

Wake up & smell the coffe

title: User:Northvue


text:
Talk:Magnuson Act

Untitled
if the magnuson act made it possible for 105 Chinese to come to America, where is the difference to the Chinese Exclusion Act?

I'm quoting from wikis Chinese Exclusion Act now "The Chinese Exclusion Act, signed into law May 6, 1882, followed revisions made in 1880 to the Burlingame Treaty of 1868. The revisions to the treaty allowed the US to suspend immigration and Congress acted quickly to implement the suspension.

The act excluded all but 105 Chinese immigrants per year to the United States for 10 years."

Somebody please checks it? Kinda fishy to me.

 * I've added a source to the article. Immigration levels in those days were set based on the national heritage of those in the country in 1880s, and there were few Chinese in the U.S. then. -Will Beback 07:10, 2 May 2006 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Magnuson Act. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140126021457/http://immigrants.harpweek.com/ChineseAmericans/1Introduction/BillWeiIntro.htm to http://immigrants.harpweek.com/chineseamericans/1Introduction/BillWeiIntro.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 07:37, 30 May 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Magnuson Act


text:
Category:Doctor Who audio characters

This category contains articles on characters in audio plays based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who. This includes characters created in the television and other spin-off series who have also made appearances in the audio plays.

title: Category:Doctor Who audio characters


text:
Innocence Canada

Innocence Canada (formerly known as the Association in Defence of the Wrongly Convicted, AIDWYC), is a Canadian, non-profit legal organization. Based in Toronto, Innocence Canada identifies, advocates for, and helps exonerate individuals who have been convicted of a serious crime which they did not commit and to preventing future wrongful convictions through education and justice system reform.

Founded in 1993 out of the volunteer network that helped exonerate Guy Paul Morin, Innocence Canada has been involved in twenty-one of twenty-six exonerations in Canadian history, including other high-profile cases such as those involving David Milgaard, Steven Truscott, Roméo Phillion, and several victims of disgraced pathologist Charles Smith.

History
Innocence Canada was founded in February 1993 as the Association in Defence of the Wrongly Convicted (AIDWYC) by a group of volunteers who organized the Justice for Guy Paul Morin Committee after Morin's 1992 wrongful conviction. Founded the same month that Morin was released on bail pending appeal, the AIDWYC decided to broaden its mandate.

Rubin "Hurricane" Carter, who was wrongly convicted in the United States, served as executive director of AIDWYC for over a decade until resigning in 2005.

In 2009, the Association in Defence of the Wrongly Convicted received a one million dollar donation from Ian Cartwright, a retired judge from the Ontario Superior Court of Justice. It also set up the Association in Defence of the Wrongly Convicted Foundation, a registered charity, in July 2010. The grant led to AIDWYC establishing a legal education program on wrongful convictions for groups such as police, law school students, and prisoners.

By Fall 2016, the funding from the Cartwright grant began to dry up. In September 2016, the Association in Defence of the Wrongly Convicted was denied $250,000 a year funding from the federal government. In the same month, it announced that due to lack of funds, it would have to stop taking on new cases, lay off staff, and move out of its downtown Toronto office. At the time, it had a backlog of 85 cases, 16 of which were deemed likely wrongful convictions by Innocence Canada's staff, including three convicted using expert testimony of disgraced pathologist Charles Smith.

In October 2016, the Association in Defence of the Wrongly Convicted rebranded as Innocence Canada, and adopted a new logo consisting of 21 tally marks, one for each of the exonerations they were involved in.

In December 2016, Ontario Attorney General Yasir Naqvi announced that the Ontario government would provide $825,000 in funding over three years, while the Law Society of Ontario would add another $75,000 over the same time period. Despite this funding, Innocence Canada still projected a $150,000 per year shortfall which it hoped to make up through charitable donations. Other funding includes a decade of $230,000 annual donations from the Law Foundation of Ontario, which pledged to continue this funding and add funds for future legal education programs by Innocence Canada.

Notable cases
Cases that Innocence Canada has been involved in include those of David Milgaard, Guy Paul Morin, Robert Baltovich, Steven Truscott, Nerissa and Odelia Quewezance, seven victims of the disgraced pediatric forensic pathologist Charles Smith, Roméo Phillion, and Thomas Sophonow. In the 1990s, the group was very much involved in the Port Hope 8 case, especially the convictions of Gary Comeau and Richard Sauvé. It also worked on the case of Anthony Hanemaayer, who had been convicted for a crime actually committed by serial rapist and killer Paul Bernardo, whose confession had not been passed on to Hanemaayer. It has been involved in twenty-one exonerations in Canadian history. Many other people in Canada have by themselves or with the help of a lawyer put substantial evidence on the record on appeal of through the conviction review process that resulted in a new trial being ordered that many would consider to have been "exonerated".

Work
Applications to Innocence Canada can be made by the convicted person or another interested party and/or through the recommendation of a lawyer. In addition, Innocence Canada has been invited to provide expertise to several public inquiries related to cases or causes of wrongful convictions in Canada. Finally, Innocence Canada offers accredited Continuing Professional Development (CPD) educational seminars for Canadian lawyers in an effort to prevent future wrongful convictions. Innocence Canada is also working to increase the number of educational opportunities for the public, members of police services and the judiciary on issues related to the prevention of wrongful convictions.

Innocence Canada is a member of the Innocence Network, a collective of organizations dedicated to providing pro bono legal and investigative services to individuals who have been wrongly convicted and to preventing wrongful convictions. The Network is composed of innocence organizations across the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, France, The Netherlands, New Zealand and Ireland.

Innocence Canada estimates that it receives 3.5 million dollars worth of pro bono legal work from Canadian lawyers each year. It has an annual budget of $500,000 to $600,000, much of which is used to pay for expert witnesses and lab tests. Each case roughly takes eight to nine years to see to completion.

Of the Spectrum of cases where wrongful conviction is alleged; the classic who done it cases, or where the accused says they were there but death was accidental or natural causes, she said he said or cases where the conviction was based on a witness who claimed to be there and witness the alleged crime, cases where innocence is claimed because of self defense it is currently unclear from their web site if any type are excluded from consideration from Innocence Canada as of May 2022

Other innocence project organizations such as Centurion Ministries in the United States make it clear they will not take on some of these types of cases where wrongful conviction is alleged; "We do not take on accidental death, self defense cases, or cases where the defendant had any involvement whatsoever in the crime for which he/she was convicted." The University of British Columbia Innocence Project makes it clear they will not take on so called he said she said cases where the accuser is not currently recanting; "Please note that the UBC Innocence Project will NOT consider convictions of sexual assault where the issue at trial was credibility and there is no new and significant evidence to rebut the credibility finding made at trial (i.e. a known, reliable recantation by the complainant)." It remains to be seen if Innocence Canada will represent people claiming wrongful conviction in the entire spectrum of types of cases. However, as of May 2022 due to resource limitations the organization is only currently accepting applications for homicide review.

title: Innocence Canada


text:
User talk:Eightwest

Re: Ward Churchill, please note Three revert rule. -- Curps 19:59, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Eightwest


text:
Rollerskate Skinny

Rollerskate Skinny were an Irish band formed in 1992 by singer and guitarist Ken Griffin, guitarist Ger Griffin and bassist Stephen Murray, and were later joined by Jimmy Shields. They released two critically acclaimed albums, Shoulder Voices (1993) and Horsedrawn Wishes (1996).

History
Ken Griffin, Ger Griffin (no relation) and Steve Murray had been in The Hippyshakes in the 1980s. Later the band became "Shake" and was characterized by a strawberry logo. In 1991, Jimi Shields (younger brother of My Bloody Valentine's Kevin Shields) joined the band and suggested a name change to Rollerskate Skinny, chosen from a line in The Catcher in the Rye, by J. D. Salinger: "She's quite skinny, like me, but nice skinny, rollerskate skinny."

The band relocated to London and released their debut EP Novice in September 1992. They were named in the NME's "Top Ten New Bands of the Year" in 1992. They were signed to Beggars Banquet offshoot label Placebo, who released their Trophy EP in April 1993: awarded single of the week in the NME. The following month, the band recorded a session for John Peel's BBC Radio 1 show, and their debut album Shoulder Voices (awarded CMJ Magazine's album of the month), was released in October that year. Another EP, Threshold, was issued in early 1994. The band toured with bands such as Mercury Rev, Smashing Pumpkins, Mazzy Star, Hole and Pavement. They were also invited by Perry Farrell to join the 1994 Lollapalooza tour. The increased media coverage as a result of the tour saw the band sign a major-label deal with WEA.

Shields was asked to leave the band and moved to Chicago. The band's first release on WEA was their second album, 1996's Horse Drawn Wishes. This was followed by the "Speed to My Side" single, but the band split up before any further releases.

Legacy
All of the members of Rollerskate Skinny have gone on to other musical projects. Ken Griffin moved to New York City and formed the band Kid Silver, releasing the album Dead City Sunbeams in 1999. In 2004 Ken, along with former members of Philadelphia band Aspera, formed Favourite Sons who signed to Vice Records. Ken's latest project is the New York-based band August Wells Since the demise of Rollerskate Skinny, Ger and Steve worked on the project Walker. Stevie since started the band Empire, now known as The Radio, which released its debut album in 2005. Jimi Shields went on to form Lotus Crown, and then later Wounded Knees with Suzanne Thorpe, formerly of Mercury Rev.

Ger Griffin begun recording again under the name Super Electric, and in a 2011 interview admitted that there is a third, unreleased Rollerskate Skinny album that may yet see the light of day, and stated that although the members have all put their past differences behind them and remain friends, that a reunion isn't on the cards. This 'third album' eventually saw the light of day in 2019 via a post on the Facebook group 'Rollerskate Skinny Are Criminally Underrated', (with the blessing of the band members). Group member Ken Griffin gave the eight songs their titles and entitled the album 'Throwing Stars'.

Rollerskate Skinny remains influential on the Irish music scene. In 2004, Hot Press magazine readers voted Horsedrawn Wishes No. 14 on a list of the 100 greatest Irish albums, and The Irish Times named it No. 7 in a similar list in 2008 (with My Bloody Valentine's Loveless taking the No. 1 spot).

Members

 * Last line-up
 * Ken Griffin – lead vocals, guitars, keyboards
 * Ger Griffin – guitars, keyboards, drum programming, backing vocals
 * Steve Murray – bass, guitars, keyboards

 * Former members
 * Jimi Shields – drums, percussion, guitars, keyboards, backing vocals
 * Kevin Bass – drums

 * Touring and session members
 * Max Corradi – drums
 * Clive Caroll – drums

Albums

 * Shoulder Voices (1993, Placebo)
 * Horsedrawn Wishes (1996, WEA)

Singles and EPs

 * Novice 10" (1992, Showbiz)
 * Trophy 10" (1993, Placebo)
 * Threshold 10" (1994, Placebo)
 * Speed to My Side 10"/CD (1996, WEA)

title: Rollerskate Skinny


text:
Abd al-Rahman ibn Rabi'a

ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Rabīʿa al-Bāhilī (عبد الرحمن بن ربيعة الباهلي) was an Arab general of the Rashidun Caliphate, who led the Arab forces during the First Arab–Khazar War, until his death in battle in 652.

Life
A member of the Bahila tribe, Abd al-Rahman ibn Rabi'a was also known as Dhu'l-Nur or Dhu'l-Nun after his sword. He was the older brother of Salman ibn Rabi'a. He served with Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas at the Battle of Qadisiyya against the Sassanid Persians, and then as a qadi at the Arab garrison town of Kufa until 641.

From 642 until his death in 652, Abd al-Rahman was active in the Muslim advances into the Caucasus region. In the sources, his activities there are often confused with those of Salman, who also served in the area. In 642, he led the vanguard of Suraqa ibn Amr, who was charged with the conquest of the strategically located Persian fortress of Derbent. According to the History of the Prophets and Kings of al-Tabari, the Persian governor of Derbent, Shahrbaraz, offered to surrender the fortress to the Arabs and even to aid them against the unruly native Caucasian peoples, if he and his followers were relieved of the obligation to pay the jizya tax. The proposal was accepted and ratified by Caliph Umar ((r. 634 – 644)).

Suraqa died soon after, and Abd al-Rahman remained in command at Derbent, which became an Arab base of operations against the powerful Khazar Khaganate to the north. Against the advice of Shahrbaraz, over the following years, he led raids north of Derbent, into the vicinity of the Khazar town of Balanjar and against various tribes of the North Caucasus, of which few details are recorded. Al-Tabari reports that in 643, Abd al-Rahman advanced as far as al-Bayda on the Volga, which in later times was the Khazar capital. Both this dating and the improbable claim that the Arabs suffered no casualties have been disputed by modern scholars.

In 652, he led a major assault on Balanjar, and besieged the city. Abd al-Rahman and his army were met by a large Khazar force and were annihilated. Abd al-Rahman and 4,000 of his men died, the rest fleeing to Derbent under the command of his brother, Salman. This defeat marked the end of the First Arab–Khazar War.

After his death, the Khazars reportedly kept his body in a cauldron and venerated it, claiming that it could be used to bring rain or drought, and ensured victory in war. In later local tradition, Abd al-Rahman and Salman became known as Ibrahim and Salman Bahili, who in 661/2 fought against the "Emperor of China".

title: Abd al-Rahman ibn Rabi'a


text:
Women's Professional Rodeo Association

The Women's Professional Rodeo Association (WPRA) is one of the largest rodeo sanctioning bodies in the world and is open exclusively to women eighteen years of age and older. Headquartered in Colorado Springs, Colorado, the Association currently has over 3,000 members from all over the contiguous United States, Canada, and Australia.

In 2004, WPRA members competed for nearly $5 million in total prize money at rodeos in the United States and co-sanctioned Canadian Professional Rodeo Association (CPRA) events in Canada.

History
Formed as the Girls Rodeo Association (GRA) in 1948, several of the original members were female ranchers who had been forced to take over family operations as husbands, fathers, and brothers were called to service in World War II.

Though women had played an important role in rodeo's formative years in the mid-to-late nineteenth century, competing and winning against their male counterparts, by the time of the GRA's formation women's role in rodeo had been reduced to beauty pageants, with prizes (instead of prize money) such as cigarette cases. These women were exceptionally competent riders and ropers, whose skills had been honed working the open ranges of the American west, and they found it demeaning to be pushed to the extreme edges of rodeo.

On February 28, 1948, determined to stake their own special place in rodeo, 38 women met in San Angelo, Texas, to form the GRA, with the primary purpose of advancing the position of women in rodeo everywhere. They drafted rules and created a point system for determining year-end champions. Then they went to work, persuading rodeo committees and producers to hold women's contests according to GRA rules. Committees were given the option of choosing which event they would hold, and most picked barrel racing. In its inaugural year, the GRA had 74 members and held 60 events.

In its first year, it paid out $29,000 to contestants. In the beginning, the women were performers in the events of calf roping, bronc riding, and barrel riding. The events and membership grew, and in 1981, the name of the Association was officially changed from the GRA to the WPRA. Their next major goal was to promote equality between the women's barrel race and the other events held at PRCA rodeos by demanding prize money equal to the other men's events. They achieved their goals in 1985, becoming the first professional women's sports organizations to have fiscal equality with their male counterparts. The WPRA is now the "oldest women's sports association in the country and the only one governed entirely by women".

Current events and structure
The WPRA's primary sanctioned event is barrel racing. Contestants on horseback run a cloverleaf pattern around three barrels set in a triangle in the arena. The quickest time determines the winner, with five second penalties assessed for each tipped barrel.

The majority of the WPRA's barrel racing events are held in conjunction with Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association (PRCA) events. Contestants are ranked nationally, based on how much money they earned in competition. The top fifteen contestants at the end of the regular rodeo season are invited to compete at the PRCA's National Finals Rodeo (NFR), held in December each year to determine the world champion in each event. Barrel racing has been a part of the NFR since 1967.

The WPRA also has an All Women's Division which sanctions rodeos exclusively for women. These All Women's rodeos feature four events - breakaway calf roping, tie-down calf roping, team roping, and barrel racing. Contestants count points earned in competition to qualify for the WPRA World Finals formerly held each autumn at the Cowtown Coliseum in Fort Worth, Texas. Since 2014, the event has taken place at the Extraco Events Center in Waco, Texas.

Since 2019, breakaway roping has been part of some PRCA events, making it along with barrel racing the two women's rodeo events. The WPRA breakaway roping world championship used to be determined at the WPRA World Finals. However, since 2020, the National Finals Breakaway Roping (NFBR) has been held to determine the WPRA's world champion breakaway roper. The event is held in conjunction with the PRCA's National Finals Rodeo.

title: Women's Professional Rodeo Association


text:
File:Monobook example 1.png

for use on talk page

title: File:Monobook example 1.png


text:
Tripoli Rocketry Association

The Tripoli Rocketry Association (TRA) is an international organization and one of the two major organizing bodies for high power rocketry in the United States.

History
Tripoli Rocketry Association was founded in 1964 in the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, region as a high school science club, integrating both rocketry and space science. The name "Tripoli" was chosen because the founding members came from three different towns, and one of them helped fund the club's early projects using gold coins that his father had brought back from Tripoli (whose name approximately means "three towns") Lebanon after World War II. By the late-1980s, it transitioned from a regional club into formal, incorporated, USA-national organization, with a focus on self-regulating advanced, High-Power Rocketry (HPR). The deregulation of the aviation industry by the Reagan Administration also facilitated the growth of HPR activities.

The founder was Francis G. Graham. Early members who helped expand the club were Curtis W. Hughes, Kenneth J. Good, and Arthur R. Bower, with Thomas J. (Tom) Blazanin leading its formalization as an incorporated national organization in 1987 with the assistance of Alaska lawyer Darrel J. Gardner.

Tripoli organizes many rocket launches, both regional events hosted by local prefectures and larger international launches like LDRS ("Large Dangerous Rocket Ships") and BALLS. They also provide insurance for organized launches, administer a member certification program for flying high power rockets, and perform testing and certification of commercial hobby rocket motors.

Tripoli has expanded internationally over the years, and currently has clubs in many different countries including Argentina, Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Mexico, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Additionally, it formerly was active in Israel.

Tripoli was involved as a plaintiff in a nine-year lawsuit (in conjunction with the National Association of Rocketry as a co-plaintiff) against the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) as the defendant, regarding its claims of jurisdiction over and legal classifications regarding permitting, storage, and use of ammonium perchlorate composite propellant (APCP) in rocket motors. On March 16, 2009, the United States district court for the District of Columbia found in favor of TRA/NAR, and ordered the ATF to vacate APCP from its list of regulated explosives.

title: Tripoli Rocketry Association


text:
File:Monobook example 2.png

for use on talk page

title: File:Monobook example 2.png


text:
File:Monobook example 4.png

for use on talk page

title: File:Monobook example 4.png


text:
File:Monobook example 3.png

for use on talk page

title: File:Monobook example 3.png


text:
University of Erlangen–Nuremberg

The University of Erlangen–Nuremberg (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, FAU) is a public research university in the cities of Erlangen and Nuremberg in Bavaria, Germany. The name Friedrich–Alexander is derived the university's first founder Friedrich, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, and its benefactor Alexander, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach.

FAU is a member of the German Research Foundation DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft).

History
The university was founded in 1742 in Bayreuth by Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, and moved to Erlangen in 1743. Christian Frederick Charles Alexander, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (one of the two namesakes of the institution) provided significant support to the early university. From the beginning, the university was a Protestant institution, but over time it slowly secularized. In 1961, the business college in Nuremberg was merged with the university in Erlangen, therefore, the combined institution currently has a physical presence in the two cities. An engineering school was inaugurated in 1966. In 1972, the school of education (normal school) in Nuremberg became part of the university.

Timeline
Below is a short timeline of FAU from its inception to its present form:
 * 1700–1704: The Schloss of the Margraves at Erlangen is built.
 * 1743: Friedrich, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, issues an edict whereby the university recently founded in Bayreuth is transferred to Erlangen. It has the four faculties of Protestant Theology, Jurisprudence, Medicine and Philosophy.
 * 1769: The University at Erlangen is given the new name of Friedrich-Alexander-Universität in honour of Alexander, Margrave of Ansbach and Bayreuth.
 * 1818: The library of the University of Altdorf, dissolved in 1809, is moved to Erlangen.
 * 1824: The first hospital is built.
 * 1825: The university moves into the Schloss.
 * 1920: The WiSo Faculty (Business Administration, Economics & Social Sciences) is established.
 * 1927: Science is taken out of the Faculty of Arts thus creating the new Faculty of Science.
 * 1961: The FAU acquires a further faculty through merger with the Nuremberg College of Economics and Social Sciences (founded in 1919). The university's name is now Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg.
 * 1966: The Faculty of Engineering is established. (FAU is thus the first of the traditional universities of the old federal republic to incorporate engineering as an independent faculty.)
 * 1972: The Teacher Training College in Nuremberg is incorporated into the Faculty of Education.
 * 1993: The FAU celebrates its 250th anniversary.
 * 1994: The Free State of Bavaria purchases for the university 4.4 hectares of land in Erlangen previously owned by the US military. The area is now called Röthelheim Campus.
 * 2000: The Bavaria-California Technology Centre opens its headquarters at the University of Erlangen-Nürnberg.
 * 2000: Inauguration of the Research Centre in Clinical Molecular Biology in Erlangen.
 * 2001: Opening of the Röthelheim Campus on the site of the old artillery barracks.
 * 2004: Inauguration of the new building at the WiSo Faculty of Business Administration, Economics & Social Sciences in Nuremberg.

Campuses
A major part of FAU’s campuses is in the city of Erlangen, the minor part in the neighbouring city of Nuremberg. Several minor facilities are located in Hof, Fürth, Bamberg, Pleinfeld or Ingolstadt. In sum, there are several hundred FAU properties in the Nuremberg metropolitan area.

Erlangen
In Erlangen, the University has two main sites: one in the city centre (North site) and the other in city's south (South site). To the east of the city is the so-called “Röthelheim Campus” with minor engineering and medical facilities. In addition, the FAU currently has a large number of larger and smaller properties spread over the entire Erlangen city area. Besides the Erlangen Schloss, the university’s Schlossgarten in the city centre is a main sight in Erlangen and very popular among students especially during summer term.

The university’s administration (in the Erlangen Schloss), the Faculty of Humanities, Social Sciences and Theology and the Department of Law (as part of the Faculty of Law and Economics) are located at the North Site (both at Bismarckstraße/Schillerstraße) as well as the Faculty of Medicine and the University Hospital. Also in the city centre is the University Library Erlangen-Nürnberg. The Erlangen University Hospital is one of the biggest university hospitals in Germany.

The Faculty of Science (Erwin-Rommel-Straße/Staudtstraße) and the Faculty of Engineering form the FAU’s South site.

Library
The University Library Erlangen-Nürnberg is the library system of the Friedrich Alexander University and is a regional library for the region of Middle Franconia. As an academic universal library, it offers its users a wide range of specialist literature from all faculties and a variety of services. With approximately 5.4 million volumes, it is Bavaria's largest library outside the state capital Munich. Large parts of the media stock are also accessible in interregional lending. The University Library is a member of the Bavarian Library Network (Bibliotheksverbund Bayern).

The Erlangen-Nuremberg library system is structured as a two-tier system, comprising four central libraries and 15 branch libraries. These libraries collectively manage a vast collection of resources distributed across approximately 200 locations. Among these central libraries, the Main Library and the Technical and Natural Sciences Branch Library (TNZB) are situated in Erlangen, while the Economic and Social Sciences Library (WSZB) and the Educational Science Branch Library (EZB) are based in Nuremberg.

Within this collaborative library system, most branch libraries take on the responsibility of acquiring and maintaining their own collections. However, all these resources are consolidated and accessible through the University Library's online catalogue, known as OPACplus.

Nuremberg
The Department of Economics (as part of the Faculty of Law and Economics) and the Department of Education (as part of the Faculty of Humanities) are in Nuremberg.

The Department of Economics is located northeast of the historic Old Town (Lange Gasse/Maxtormauer). The Department of Education (“Campus Regensburger Straße”) is in the southeast of the city near the Dutzendteich and the former Nazi party rally grounds of Nuremberg.

Busan campus
FAU is the first German university to establish a branch campus in Busan in the Republic of Korea. In November 2009, its campus project received approval from the Korean Ministry of Education, Science and Technology. The FAU Busan Branch Campus offers a Graduate School with a master's degree program in Chemical and Bioengineering and a research center.

In 2014, the university announced its intention of working toward making the Busan-Jinhae Free Economic Zone an educational hub. To this end, FAU Busan works internationally with various companies and universities.

Faculties
In February 2007, the senate of the university decided upon a restructuring into five faculties. Since October 2007, the FAU consists of:
 * Faculty of Humanities, Social Sciences, and Theology
 * Faculty of Business, Economics, and Law
 * Faculty of Medicine
 * Faculty of Sciences
 * Faculty of Engineering

The following faculties were part of the university (sorted in the order in which they were founded):
 * Theological faculty
 * Law faculty
 * Medical faculty
 * Philosophical faculty I (philosophy, history, and social sciences)
 * Philosophical faculty II (languages and literature)
 * Science faculty I (mathematics and physics)
 * Science faculty II (biology, chemistry, and pharmaceutics)
 * Science faculty III (geography, geology/mineralogy/paleontology)
 * Business- and social sciences faculty (1961) in Nuremberg
 * Technical Faculty (1966)
 * Pedagogical faculty (1972) in Nuremberg

Inception
In 1962, after lengthy debate, the Bavarian parliament decided to establish a Faculty of Engineering in Erlangen. The University of Erlangen thus won against the city of Nuremberg, which, for decades, had been demanding the establishment of a college of engineering in Nuremberg. Since the expansive areas of building land required for this project were not available in the center of Erlangen, the foundations for a new university campus were laid in the south east of the town in 1964. The formal establishment of the Faculty of Engineering, then the seventh faculty at the university, took place in 1966. What was unique at the time was that the various engineering departments were subsumed, as a faculty, into the main university rather than constituting an independent university.

Present status
The Faculty of Engineering at FAU is a young educational and research institution. Since its foundation in 1966, the faculty has five departments and are as follows:
 * Electrical, Electronic and Communication Engineering
 * Chemical and Biological Engineering
 * Materials Science and Engineering, which is according to the Quantitative Ranking of Engineering Disciplines, the 10th best worldwide.
 * Mechanical Engineering
 * Computer Science

The Faculty has close connections both with other natural sciences and with traditional subjects at the university. The Faculty of Engineering currently concentrates on the following research fields:
 * New Materials and Processes
 * Life Science Engineering and Medicine Technology
 * Energy Technology and Mobility
 * Modeling and Simulation
 * Optics and Optical Technologies
 * Information- and Communication Technologies
 * Micro-/Nano-electronics

Major research areas
FAU claims leadership in a number of research topics. The current eight such major research areas are:
 * New Materials and Processes
 * Optics and Optical Technologies
 * Molecular Life Science and Medicine
 * Health Technology
 * Electronics, Information and Communication
 * Energy, Environment and Climate
 * Language – Culture – Religion
 * Cohesion – Transformation – Innovation in Law and Economics

Excellence initiative
The Excellence Initiative by the German federal and state governments to promote science and research at German universities aims to promote cutting-edge research and to strengthen the higher education and research in Germany to improve its international competitiveness and to make top performers in academia and science visible. As part of this initiative, FAU was awarded the contract for the Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), which received 1.9 million euros of annual funding for the next five years. The Cluster of Excellence 'Engineering of Advanced Materials and Processes' (EAM) was also established at FAU as part of the initiative and has been approved in the second round. EAM is funded with 40 million euros.

Cluster of Excellence 'Engineering of Advanced Materials
The Cluster of Excellence 'Engineering of Advanced Materials – Hierarchical Structure Formation for Functional Devices' (EAM) is the only interdisciplinary research collaboration of its type in Germany to focus on the investigation of functional materials and their processing at all length scales. The main research focus is on the fundamental and applied aspects of designing and creating novel high-performance materials. It is part of the Excellence Initiative of the German Research Foundation.

Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies
The Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT) was founded in 2006. SAOT's scientific focus lies on optics and optical technology, two fields which are considered key technologies of the 21st century. SAOT is currently funded with seven million euros.

National High Performance Computing Center
in 2020 the FAU joined the National High-Performance Computing (NHR) alliance in Germany. This program is designed to provide researchers with access to state-of-the-art computing resources exceeding the limits of local HPC resources, including supercomputers. By joining the NHR program, the FAU has expanded its computing infrastructure, enabling its researchers to conduct more advanced simulations and analyses in various fields of study.

Partnerships
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) is the first German university to establish a branch campus in Busan in the Republic of Korea. FAU has contacts with approximately 500 universities all over the world, including many of the world's top universities like the University of Cambridge, Duke University, UCL, Imperial College London and many more.

Academic ranking
According to the QS World University Rankings of 2024,the university is ranked 229th in the world and 12th nationally. The Times Higher Education World University Rankings for 2024 places the university at the 193rd position globally, while it is 19th in the national context. As per the ARWU 2023 edition, its rank falls within the 201–300 bracket worldwide, and between 10th and 19th at the national level.

Measured by the number of top managers in the German economy, FAU ranked 25th in 2019.

In 2017, ARWU ranked FAU 4th in Germany in Engineering/Technology and Computer Sciences, 6th in Germany in Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy and 7th in Germany in Natural Sciences and Mathematics.

QS World University Rankings 2018 ranked FAU as the academic institution that has produced the most widely cited publications in Germany (global 21st). 2017, Reuters ranked FAU as the 50th most innovative university globally (2nd Germany, 6th in Europe). In the Reuters ranking report published in 2019, FAU has been rated as the most innovative university in Germany and as the 2nd in Europe.

In Academic Ranking of World Universities for year 2014, FAU ranked second among German universities in Engineering/Technology and Computer Sciences group for all four ranking parameters TOP, FUN, HiCi and PUB.

Alexander von Humboldt Professorships
In 2010, the newly announced professor of physics and co-director of the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Prof. Vahid Sandoghdar was awarded an Alexander von Humboldt Professorship, Germany's highest-endowed international research award, endowed with €3.5 million. In the year 2011, the second in a row, FAU communications engineer and researcher Prof. Dr.-Ing Robert Schober (born 1971) was awarded an Alexander von Humboldt Professorship, entailed with €3.5 million,  for an algorithm developed by him which is found in many modern phones today. In 2013, Prof. Oskar Painter received an Alexander von Humboldt Professorship as well. Prof. Painter is another new co-director of the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light.

German Excellence Initiative
The University of Erlangen-Nürnberg was successful within the German Universities Excellence Initiative in competing for a "cluster of excellence" and a graduate school. The Cluster of Excellence 'Engineering of Advanced Materials' (EAM)" focuses on interdisciplinary developing new materials, joining engineering and natural sciences. The Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies emphasizes a strong focus in optical and photonics technology in the natural sciences, in engineering and the medical sciences and aims for a concise doctoral education. It is supplemented with a Master's degree program in the same topics.

After an in-depth evaluation, both programs were extended for the third phase of the German Excellence Initiative in 2012 until 2017. They contribute significantly to the research funding of the University, including five new research buildings, permanent new technical facilities and research and teaching staff. They also aim to increase the international perception of the contributing fields of research in Erlangen.

Notable alumni and professors

 * Louis Agassiz, biologist and geologist
 * Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber (1739–1810), naturalist, studied mammals.
 * Robley Dunglison (1798–1869), personal physician to Thomas Jefferson, considered the "Father of American Physiology"
 * Samuel Hahnemann (1755–1843), founder of homeopathy
 * Alexander von Humboldt (1769–1859), Geographer and Explorer, attended lectures in Chemistry and Physics.
 * Friedrich Rückert (1788–1866), orientalist and poet.
 * Georg Simon Ohm (1789–1854), physicist, Ohm's law, named after him.
 * Justus von Liebig (1803–1873), chemist, "father of the fertilizer industry".
 * Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach (1804–1872), philosopher, associated with the Young Hegelians, an atheist.
 * Karl von Hegel (1813–1901), historian, father-in-law to Felix Klein and son of the philosopher Hegel
 * Felix Klein (1849–1925), Mathematician
 * Hermann Emil Fischer (1852–1919), chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1902
 * Eduard Buchner (1860–1917), chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1907
 * Emanuel Lasker (1868–1941), world chess champion, mathematician, philosopher.
 * Emmy Noether (1882–1935), mathematician, Noether's theorem, named after her.
 * Hans Geiger (1882–1945), physicist, Geiger counter
 * Ludwig Erhard (1897–1977), Chancellor of Germany 1963–1966
 * Otto Friedrich Ranke (1899–1959), physiologist
 * Ethelbert Stauffer (1902–1979), Professor of New Testament Studies
 * Wolf-Dieter Montag (1924–2018), German physician, and international sports administrator
 * Alma Adamkienė (1927–), First Lady of Lithuania 1998–2009
 * Johanna Narten (1930–2019), historical linguist and first woman member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities
 * Harald zur Hausen (1936–), virologist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2008
 * Heinrich von Pierer (1941–), former CEO of Siemens AG (1992–2005).
 * Karlheinz Brandenburg (1954–), audio engineer, developer of the MP3 audio codec.
 * Burkard Polster (1965–), mathematician, host of YouTube channel Mathologer.
 * Anatole Romaniuk (1924–2018), demographer
 * Naser Sahiti (*1966), mechanical engineer and elected Rector of the University of Prishtina
 * Philipp Plein (born 1978), founder in the Philipp Plein brand
 * Julia Lang (entrepreneur) (born 1989), serial entrepreneur and founder of VEERT
 * Michael A. Pirson (born 1973), the James A.F. Stoner Endowed Chair in Global Sustainability and a professor of Global Sustainability and Social Entrepreneurship at Fordham University
 * Eberhard Wagner, German linguist and author

Points of interest

 * Botanischer Garten Erlangen, the university's botanical garden

title: University of Erlangen–Nuremberg


text:
A. W. F. Edwards

Anthony William Fairbank Edwards, FRS (born 1935) is a British statistician, geneticist and evolutionary biologist. Edwards is regarded as one of Britain's most distinguished geneticists, and as one of the most influential mathematical geneticists in the history. He is the son of the surgeon Harold C. Edwards, and brother of medical geneticist John H. Edwards. Edwards has sometimes been called "Fisher's Edwards" to distinguish him from his brother, because he was mentored by Ronald Fisher. He has always had a high regard for Fisher's scientific contributions and has written extensively on them. To mark the Fisher centenary in 1990, Edwards proposed a commemorative Sir Ronald Fisher window be installed in the Dining Hall of Gonville & Caius College. When the window was removed in 2020, he vigorously opposed the move.

In 1963 and 1964, Edwards, along with Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza, introduced novel methods for computing evolutionary trees from genetical data.

Career and research
Edwards is a Life Fellow of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge and retired Professor of Biometry at the University of Cambridge, and holds both the ScD and LittD degrees. He has written several books and numerous scientific papers. With Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza, he carried out pioneering work on quantitative methods of phylogenetic analysis, and he has strongly advocated Fisher's concept of likelihood as the proper basis for statistical and scientific inference. He has also written extensively on the history of genetics and statistics, including an analysis of whether Gregor Mendel's results were "too good" to be unmanipulated, and also on purely mathematical subjects, such as Venn diagrams.

After one postdoctoral research year he was invited by Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza to the University of Pavia, where, in 1961–1964, they initiated the statistical approach to the construction of evolutionary trees from genetical data, using the first modern computers. A year at Stanford University was followed by three years as a senior lecturer in Statistics at the University of Aberdeen supervised by D. J. Finney and then two years as a Bye-Fellow in Science at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, during which he wrote his book Likelihood.

The remainder of Edwards's career has been spent at Cambridge, ultimately as Professor of Biometry, during which he has published widely, including books on Venn diagrams, mathematical genetics, and Pascal's triangle. In a 2003 paper, Edwards criticised Richard Lewontin's argument in a 1972 paper that race is an invalid taxonomic construct, terming it Lewontin's fallacy.

Books

 * Edwards, A. W. F. 1972. Likelihood. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (expanded edition, 1992, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore). ISBN 0-8018-4443-6
 * Edwards, A. W. F. 1977. Foundations of Mathematical Genetics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2nd ed., 2000). ISBN 0-521-77544-2
 * Edwards, A. W. F. 1987. Pascal's Arithmetical Triangle: The Story of a Mathematical Idea. Charles Griffin, London (paperback edition, 2002, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore). ISBN 0-8018-6946-3
 * David, H. A.; Edwards, A. W. F. 2001. Annotated Readings in the History of Statistics. Springer, New York. ISBN 0-387-98844-0
 * Keynes, M.; Edwards, A. W. F.; Peel, R. eds. 2004. A Century of Mendelism in Human Genetics. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida. ISBN 0-415-32960-4
 * Franklin, A.; Edwards, A. W. F.; Fairbanks, D. J.; Hartl, D. L.; Seidenfeld, T. 2008. Ending the Mendel-Fisher Controversy. University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh. ISBN 0-8229-4319-0
 * Franklin, A.; Edwards, A. W. F.; Fairbanks, D. J.; Hartl, D. L.; Seidenfeld, T. 2008. Ending the Mendel-Fisher Controversy. University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh. ISBN 0-8229-4319-0

Anthology

(Contains: selected papers, including all the papers below; short commentaries by expert biologists, historians, and philosophers; interview with Edwards; appendices; a full list of publications up to 2016.)

Papers

 * Cavalli-Sforza, L. L.; Edwards, A.  W.  F.  1964. Analysis of human evolution. Genetics Today 3:923–933.
 * Edwards, A. W. F.; Cavalli-Sforza, L.  L. 1964. Reconstruction of evolutionary trees. pp. 67–76 in Phenetic and Phylogenetic Classification, ed. Heywood, V.  H. and McNeill, J. Systematics Association pub. no. 6, London.
 * Cavalli-Sforza, L. L.; Edwards, A.  W.  F. 1967. Phylogenetic analysis: models and estimation procedures. American Journal of Human Genetics 19:233–257.
 * Edwards, A. W.  F. 1969. Statistical methods in scientific inference. Nature 222:1233–1237.
 * Edwards, A. W.  F. 1974. The history of likelihood. International Statistical Review 42:9–15.
 * Edwards, A. W.  F. 1986. Are Mendel's results really too close? Biological Reviews 61:295–312.
 * Edwards, A. W.  F. 1996. The origin and early development of the method of minimum evolution for the reconstruction of phylogenetic trees. Systematic Biology 45:79–91.
 * Edwards, A. W.  F. 2000. The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection. Genetics 154:1419–1426.
 * Edwards, A. W.  F. 2003. Human Genetic Diversity: Lewontin's Fallacy. BioEssays 25:798–801.

Awards and honours
Edwards was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2015.

Personal life
His elder brother John H. Edwards (1928–2007) was also a geneticist and also an FRS; their father, Harold C. Edwards, was a surgeon. He was awarded the Telesio-Galilei Academy Award in 2011 for Biology.

Edwards is involved in gliding, particularly within the Cambridge University Gliding Club and has written on the subject in Sailplane and Gliding magazine as "The Armchair Pilot".

title: A. W. F. Edwards


text:
Transformers: Armada

Transformers: Armada, known in Japan as Super Robot Life-Form Transformers: Legends of the Microns (超ロボット生命体トランスフォーマー マイクロン伝説), is a Japanese anime series which debuted on August 23, 2002. As the first series co-produced between the American toy company Hasbro and their Japanese partner Takara, Armada begins a new continuity/universe for Transformers, with no ties to any of the previous series, including its direct predecessor Transformers: Robots in Disguise in 2001. It inspired two sequels, Transformers: Energon and Transformers: Cybertron.

Hasbro handled the production of the English dub of the series, which was outsourced over to SD Entertainment. Hasbro themselves handled North American rights, with Entertainment Rights securing international rights, while Takara handled the distribution of the Japanese license. Transformers: Armada and both of its following series are all part of a saga known as the "Unicron Trilogy".

Plot
On the planet of Cybertron, war rages between the two factions known as the Autobots and the Decepticons over the race of smaller, power-enhancing Transformers called Mini-Cons. Seeking to flee the conflict that surrounds them, the Mini-Cons escape Cybertron with the aid of the Autobots, but an attack by the Decepticons cripples the ship as it flees through a space bridge. The ship materializes in the Solar System and impacts with the Moon, breaking in two. One portion of the ship stays embedded on the Moon, while the other plummets to the planet below. The Mini-Cons, all locked in pentagonal stasis panels, are scattered across the globe. The ship crashes to Earth and 4 million years pass.

When two boys Bradley "Rad" White and Carlos Lopez investigate the caves outside their hometown, one of the small towns in an area known as the "High Desert" they accidentally uncover the wreckage of the Mini-Con ship and activate it, causing it to send a signal that alerts both the Autobots and Decepticons as to the Mini-Cons' presence on Earth. Megatron and Optimus Prime's forces teleport to Earth from Cybertron as a result. Rad, Carlos, and their friend Alexis Thi Dang befriend the Autobots, along with the Mini-Cons High Wire, Grindor, and Sureshock (known commonly as the Street Action Mini-Con Team in the toyline). The Transformers assume earth vehicle alternate modes and the hunt begins to locate the scattered Mini-Cons.

After a series of battles, each of the Transformers successfully acquires a partner Mini-Con. Smokescreen arrives to join the Autobots' team. Hologram recordings in a sunken city reveal the existence of the mighty Mini-Con weapon, the Star Saber sword. The Decepticons possess one component of the weapon and invade the Autobot base to steal the remaining two pieces, only for the Autobots to seize possession of the sword.

A mysterious mercenary named Scavenger arrives on Earth and sides with the Decepticons, urging them to locate the components of the Skyboom Shield, another Mini-Con weapon that can counter the power of the Star Saber. At the same time, an Autobot drifter named Sideways enters the fray but soon reveals his allegiance to the Decepticons after he betrays Hot Shot, allowing the Star Saber to fall into the Decepticons' hands.

Concurrently Scavenger reveals himself to be an undercover Autobot, and rejoins his fellows, soon followed by Blurr, the latest arrival from Cybertron. When the Decepticons complete the Skyboom Shield, a mighty battle ensues that ends with the Autobots gaining possession of the shield. The two weapons unleash a powerful energy flare, drawing the Decepticons, Thrust, a master tactician, and Tidal Wave, a large and powerful warrior, to Earth.

Meanwhile, Sideways surreptitiously stirs trouble in the Decepticon camp by playing on their contradictions. While luring the Autobots' human allies into cyberspace in an attempt to capture their Mini-Cons, Sideways reveals that he serves a mysterious higher power. Thrust arrives and puts his tactical prowess into play, only for his schemes to be foiled by the arrival of the second-in-command Autobot, Jetfire, whose power to combine with Optimus defeats Thrust's schemes.

Eventually, Sideways' deception is discovered and Megatron destroys him with the Star Saber, only for Sideways to escape by reforming his body. Tidal Wave arrives on Earth, and the Autobots prove vastly outmatched. Rad, Carlos, and Alexis are alerted to the existence of the Requiem Blaster, the third Mini-Con weapon by Sideways, and locate Skyblast, one of its components. Skyblast sings an eerie harmony that summons the other two Mini-Cons from their stasis, and they form the Blaster, allowing Optimus to defeat Tidal Wave.

Both sides soon gain new members in Sideswipe, an eager new Autobot, and Wheeljack, a former Autobot who has joined the Decepticons, believing that Hot Shot betrayed him on Cybertron. Thrust formulates a new scheme that allows the Decepticons to steal the Requiem Blaster, which involves mortally wounding Smokescreen in the process, causing Red Alert to re-format him into the more powerful form of Hoist. Starscream is his patsy, leading the already-alienated Decepticon to turn on Megatron and side with the Autobots. Starscream forms a friendship with the kids, particularly Alexis, and allows the Autobots access to the Decepticons' base.

A raid allows the Autobots to free the Mini-Cons. Still, Starscream discreetly catches Thrust scheming with Sideways and makes a tough choice to steal the Skyboom Shield and Star Saber and rejoin the Decepticons as a double agent. With all three Mini-Con weapons now in their possession, the Decepticons create the Hydra Cannon, a weapon that combines all their power and plans to destroy Earth from orbit. Optimus uses his Matrix to absorb the blast but sacrifices himself in the process.

The Decepticons head for Cybertron in their craft, and the Autobots, now with Hot Shot in command, hastily construct a craft named the Axalon to pursue them. The Mini-Cons, now unleashing their true powers, accompany them into space, immediately leading into a battle that sees them use their full power to resurrect Optimus.

A black hole transports a small number of Autobots and Decepticons to a barren world where they are ravaged by Nemesis Prime, a twisted clone of Optimus, and have their power and armor enhanced by the Mini-Cons and with Megatron renaming himself Galvatron. Subsequently, the Decepticons return to Cybertron and quickly overthrow most of the planet through the powers of the Mini-Con weapons. Hot Shot assaults the Decepticon base solo, resulting in the revelation of Thrust's treachery. Thrust escapes with the Skyboom Shield and Requiem Blaster, delivering them to Sideways, who uses them to awaken the great and terrible Unicron, an underlying enemy whose coming the Mini-Cons had foretold.

Rad and his friends are sent drifting through time, where it is revealed that via this, they played a part in the development of the Mini-Cons revealed to be the cells of Unicron. Rad convinces High Wire which eventually leads the Mini-Cons to leave Cybertron setting the whole events. Galvatron refuses to believe in the threat of Unicron and Starscream forces him into a duel - a duel Starscream purposefully loses, sacrificing himself to prove to Galvatron the threat of Unicron exists. Sideways steals the Star Saber, fully awakening Unicron, as the Autobots and Decepticons unite into one armada to attack the colossal Transformer who had been disguised as Cybertron's moon. During the battle, Galvatron confronts Thrust over his betrayal and leaves him to perish after the latter inadvertently gets himself crushed in Unicron's shoulder.

While Unicron attacks Cybertron, Galvatron, and Optimus enter Unicron's body, where Sideways reveals himself to be created by Unicron as an emissary to bring the Mini-Cons back under his master's control only to have Rad re-awaken their minds, allowing the Mini-Con weapons to free themselves, de-powering Unicron. With Sideways eliminated and the threat of Unicron apparently gone, Galvatron challenges Optimus to a final battle, only for the energy released from their conflict to reactivate Unicron. Upon realizing his mistake in continuing their hatred, Galvatron decides to sacrifice himself to end the cycle of hatred that allows Unicron to exist. With Galvatron's death, Unicron mysteriously disappears, and peace returns to Cybertron. Despite justice being given to all Transformers, Optimus feels dishonored, stating that he doesn't deserve the Matrix anymore, and goes into exile. The Autobots then sent the kids back to Earth.

Development
Transformers: Armada was written and produced in Japan, with creative input from America (the Japanese originally envisioned the series as set in the G1 continuity, but this idea was discarded by Hasbro, who also mandated the inclusion of Unicron, who had not been in the original story treatment for the series). However, the show premiered on Cartoon Network's Toonami in America before its original Japanese counterpart had aired - the result of a demanding production schedule set by the network, which caused the series to be fast-tracked out of production. Consequently, Armada features a lot of unfinished animation (which would go on to be perfected for the completed Japanese episodes), and a hastily produced dub which features many errors in naming such as Sureshock being repeatedly called "Grindor" in multiple episodes, Hot Shot being called "Hot Rod", and Optimus's Mini-Con partner Sparkplug being called "Leader-1" (the same name as Megatron's Mini-Con), as well as transliteration and nonsensical dialogue which does not match the action onscreen.

Veteran Transformers voice actors Garry Chalk and David Kaye appear in the English dub of series as Optimus Prime and Megatron respectively. Chalk previously voiced the equivalent character Optimus Primal in Beast Wars: Transformers and Beast Machines: Transformers, while Kaye voiced a different version of Megatron in the same shows.

When Armada was released on DVD in Japan, each of the thirteen volumes came with a four-page mini-manga and an exclusive repainted Mini-Con figure. The manga, titled Tales of the Microns: Linkage, feature these repaints in an original story which served to fill in many of the blank spots and plot holes in the animated series.

Airing
Despite Transformers: Armada being made by a Japanese studio, it premiered first in the United States. The series premiered on Cartoon Network on August 23, 2002 at 4 P.M. with a 90-minute movie special, consisting of the first three episodes. Following its premiere, new episodes started coming out on August 30, airing every Friday at 6:30 P.M.

In the December issue of Japanese magazine Animage, it was announced that the anime would start airing in Japan on January 10, 2003 on TV Tokyo, with new episodes coming out every Friday at 6 P.M.

Home media
Entertainment Rights owned worldwide home video rights to the series.

North America
In 2003, Entertainment Rights signed a North American home video deal with Rhino Entertainment Company to release the series on DVD in North America. These sets are now discontinued and out-of-print.

In August 2013, it was announced that Shout! Factory had partnered with Hasbro Studios to release numerous Transformers series in the United States, including Transformers: Armada.

International
In the United Kingdom, Right Entertainment and Universal Pictures Video released several VHS and DVD volumes of the series.

Video game
Developed by Atari Melbourne House and released for PlayStation 2 by Atari on May 11, 2004 in North America and May 7, 2004 in Europe, the Transformers video game (originally called Transformers Armada: Prelude to Energon, but simply titled again as Transformers.) is loosely based on the Armada series. In the game you play as three Autobots: Optimus Prime, Hot Shot, and Red Alert. The general story is the same as the TV show, you must find and collect the Mini-Cons and fight off Megatron and his Decepticons. In the game, you travel through various large environments on Earth (such as the Amazon Jungle and Antarctica) while fighting off Megatron's "Decepticlone" army and finding Mini-Cons that give the player's character different abilities in order to get further into the game. The player will also fight a number of familiar Decepticons from the Armada show, such as Starscream, Cyclonus, and Tidal Wave. The plot is similar to Armada, right down to the final battle with Unicron at the end. A few of the voice actors from the show (notably Garry Chalk as Prime and David Kaye as Megatron) voiced for the game. There are also subtle references to The Transformers: The Movie. The game is rated T on the ESRB ratings scale.

Merchandise
Built to Rule was a building blocks toyline from Hasbro that is compatible with such leading brands as Lego. Each Transformers kit is centered around a "Trans-Skeleton", a very simple humanoid body that folds up for vehicle mode without dis-assembly. From there, extra parts are added to the Trans-Skeleton for either mode. For Armada, the Trans-Skeleton was a very broad, flat solid plate with thin, stick-like limbs attached to it, which led to very awkward-looking robot modes.

title: Transformers: Armada


text: User talk:67.95.199.114

title: User talk:67.95.199.114


text:
The Joy

The Joy may refer to:

 * The Joy (album), a 2015 album by The Neverclaim
 * "The Joy" (song), a song by Jay-Z and Kanye West from the 2011 album Watch the Throne
 * "The Joy" (The Amazing World of Gumball), a television episode
 * Mountjoy Prison, a prison in Ireland nicknamed The Joy
 * Alias of Metal Gear character The Boss
 * The Joy, a South African vocal group
 * The Joy, the 2024 debut album by South African vocal group The Joy

title: The Joy


text:
Ricardo Carballo

Ricardo Carballo Calero       (Ferrol, 1910 – Santiago de Compostela, 1990), self-styled as Ricardo Carvalho Calero from 1981 onward,    was a Spanish philologist, academic and writer. He was the first Professor of Galician Language and Literature at the University of Santiago de Compostela. He was a member of the Royal Galician Academy, the Lisbon Academy of Sciences, and also an honorary member of the Galician Language Association. He was one of the main theorists of contemporary Galician reintegrationism and his works on this field are considered a primary reference. Many consider Carballo Calero as one of the most prominent figures of the twentieth century Galician intelligentsia.

Youth and first involvement in politics
In his student years, Carballo Calero participated in the Spanish left-wing republican movements opposing the dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera. In 1926, he moved to Santiago de Compostela to study for degrees in Law and Philosophy and to do his compulsory military service. While there, he became acquainted with the ideas of Galicianism, and his political activism become an integral part of his life.

In the late 1920s, he became friends with Soviet spy Ignace Reiss through mutual artist friends, while Reiss was stationed in Amsterdam.

In 1931, he joined the Partido Galeguista ("Galicianist Party") and contributed to the draft of the first Galician Statute of Autonomy alongside intellectuals such as Alfonso Daniel Rodríguez Castelao. He also collaborated with left-wing nationalist organizations such as Esquerda Galeguista ("Galician Left") and with political publications such as Claridad ("Clarity") and Ser ("To Be"). He completed his college studies in 1936.

Ostracism and eventual incorporation to the University
Following the Francoist revolt and the start of the Spanish Civil War in 1936, Carballo Calero became a volunteer combatant for the Spanish Republic, achieving the rank of lieutenant in the Spanish Republican Army. He was captured by the Francoists and convicted on the grounds of "secessionism" and sentenced to sixteen years in the jail of Jaén (Spain). Yet, he was released in 1941. He returned to his natal city of Ferrol, where he worked as a private tutor as he was banned from holding any public position, including teaching. He re-established contact with the Galicianists and began his doctoral studies, eventually getting his PhD in 1955. His thesis was published in 1963 with the title Historia da literatura galega contemporánea ("History of contemporary Galician literature"). In 1958, he was invited to join the Real Academia Galega ("Royal Galician Academy"). In 1965, he was allowed to hold public positions again, and moved to the Galician capital Compostela where he taught Galician language and literature at the Rosalia de Castro high school, while he started to also teach at the University of Santiago de Compostela. Finally, in 1972, he became the first ever university professor in the field of Galician Linguistics and Literature.

At that stage, Carballo Calero can be considered the world expert in the work of poet Rosalia de Castro. He also became an editor and publisher, promoting classic Galician writers.

Reintegrationism
Through his university research on Galician language, he became interested in etymology and the works of Manuel Rodrigues Lapa. This research, combined with his vast knowledge of the history of the Galician-Portuguese language led him re-interpret Galician classics and to develop the theory of what would become contemporary reintegrationism: in short, the idea that had been stated in the past but never scientifically systematised that Galician and Portuguese languages were not just the same language in the past, sharing a common origin, but still are the same language today. Carballo Calero became the chief supporter of that view.

With the end of Francoist Spain in 1977, Galicia became an autonomous community with Galician as its official language along with Spanish. It was then urgently required to establish a fixed standard form. As professor of Galician language and literature, Carballo Calero was appointed to lead the group of experts that should prepare the new norms for Galician. The first draft was produced in 1979 with the title Normas ortográficas do idioma galego ("Orthographic norms of the Galician language"). These norms recommended a gradual approach to Portuguese, using Portuguese as the most suitable orthographic reference for spoken Galician while allowing for a number of different solutions in case of doubt. However, this approximation to Portuguese was perceived by some pro-Spanish conservative groups as a possible political stance. Consequently, the norms were revoked without Carballo's consent by means of a special law (the Decreto Filgueira). In light of those events, Carballo Calero resigned his position in 1980. A new set of norms was passed in 1982 by the newly created Instituto da Lingua Galega ("Institute for the Galician Language") and the Royal Galician Academy, of which he was still a member. Carballo Calero had by then helped to create the Galician Association for the Language (1981) to counteract what he thought to be an attempt to "damage" the language.

He became an open critic of the new decisions on Galician language which he considered to be merely "political and not scientific". He even stated that the new norms and linguistic laws provoked a situation which "is anti-hygienic and goes against the economy" (in Uma voz na Galiza, 1984). In 1984, he was awarded the Medalla Castelao – the greatest civil award in Galicia. Also, he was invited to join the Consello da Cultura Galega ("Council for the Galician Culture"), but he declined the invitation.

Carballo Calero died in Santiago de Compostela in 1990.

Poetry

 * Trinitarias, 1928 (in Spanish)
 * Vieiros, 1931
 * La soledad confusa, 1932 (in Spanish)
 * O silencio axionllado, 1934
 * Anxo da terra, 1950
 * Poemas pendurados dun cabelo, 1952
 * Calteiro de Fingoi, 1961
 * Pretérito Imperfeito, 1980
 * Futuro condicional, 1982
 * Cantigas de amigo e outros poemas, 1986
 * Reticências, 1990

Theatre

 * O fillo, 1982
 * Isabel, 1982
 * A sombra de Orfeo, 1971
 * Farsa das zocas, 1963
 * A arbre, 1965
 * O redondel, 1979
 * Auto do prisioneiro, 1970
 * Os xefes, 1982
 * Catro pezas, 1971, Galaxia.
 * Teatro completo, 1982, Ediciós do Castro.

Narrative

 * Xente da Barreira, 1951
 * Narrativa completa (1984, Ediciós do Castro; Colectánea).
 * Scórpio, 1987

Essay

 * Sete poemas galegos, 1955
 * História da Literatura Galega Contemporánea, 1963 (re-edited in 1975 and 1976)
 * Versos iñorados e ou esquecidos de Eduardo Pondal, 1961
 * Gramática elemental del gallego común, 1966
 * Brevario antológico de la literatura gallega contemporánea, 1966
 * Edición de "Cantares gallegos" de Rosalía de Castro, 1969
 * Libros e autores galegos: dos trovadores a Valle Inclán, 1970
 * Sobre lingua e literatura galega, 1971
 * Particularidades morfológicas del lenguaje de Rosalía de Castro, 1972
 * Poesías de Rosalía de Castro, with L. Fontoira Surís, 1972
 * Estudos rosalianos, 1977
 * Problemas da Língua Galega, 1981
 * Da Fala e da Escrita, 1983
 * Letras Galegas, 1984
 * Escritos sobre Castelao, 1989
 * Do Galego e da Galiza, 1990 (posthumous)
 * Umha voz na Galiza, 1992 (posthumous)

title: Ricardo Carballo


text:
Chuck Cissel

Charles Cissel (born October 3, 1948) is an American singer, dancer, director, choreographer and producer. He was born in Tulsa, Oklahoma and graduated from Booker T. Washington High School. He received his Bachelor of Fine Arts from the University of Oklahoma, and was one of the first African Americans to graduate from the university's fine arts school. He was the CEO of the Oklahoma Jazz Hall of Fame from 2000–2009 and is now the Artistic Director of the Oklahoma Jazz Hall of Fame, which is located in Tulsa, Oklahoma.

In his early 20s Chuck performed on Broadway in Hello Dolly with Pearl Bailey and Cab Calloway, Purlie, Lost in the Stars, Via Galactica, Don't Bother Me I Can't Cope and as an original member of the Broadway musical A Chorus Line, back when Broadway was starting to open up its doors to African American performers. While in A Chorus Line, Chuck recorded his first record, Swept Away, produced by Michael Bennett, producer, director, and choreographer of A Chorus Line. Chuck then went on to record solo albums with Arista Records which were called Just for You, featuring the hard-hitting international dance hit, Cisselin' Hot and If I Had The Chance. Chuck Cissel is also the brother of former Oklahoma State Senator Maxine Horner who along with Oklahoma State Senator Penny Williams is a co-founder of the Oklahoma Jazz Hall of Fame. He met Austin Dylan in 2019 in a small town in Alabama.

title: Chuck Cissel


text: User talk:65.42.87.248

title: User talk:65.42.87.248


text:
Talk:Westvleteren Brewery

Untitled
This is by far the most amazing and unique beer you can ever taste.
 * Its a lovely beer. If anyone is going to Brussels but cant go to the abbey I will tell you where you can try it if you can show good edits to Belgian beer articles first. Justinc 23:25, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Do I qualify? :) Riflemann 12:46, 9 January 2006 (UTC)

 * And I would tell you if you show bad edits to those articles :)Julien Tuerlinckx 18:13, 9 January 2006 (UTC)

Can we destub this? It's fairly in depth already. Riflemann 12:46, 9 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Done.Julien Tuerlinckx 18:13, 9 January 2006 (UTC)

Name of article
I'm going to also propose we rename the article completely. Instead of Westvleteren, the article title should be Abbey of St Sixtus of Westvleteren, as that is the official name of the place. The brewery itself is just known as the Brewery of the Abbey of... as it's not a separate entity. This also goes inline with the defacto article title convention of the other trappist brewery articles. I'll also be making gfdl pictures of the beers soon - I was in Belgium on the weekend and managed to acquire two 6's, an 8, a glass and entire crate of the 12! Riflemann 22:23, 13 February 2006 (UTC)

 * It was on my 'to do' list :) Julien Tuerlinckx 22:42, 13 February 2006 (UTC)

 * The name of the brewery is somewhat unclear, as there is no separate name for it. Perhaps it should be Brouwerij Sint Sixtus Abdij van Westvleteren, which would accurately reflect the monastery's own web site? The title should at least be Flemish though as that's what's used for the other breweries. If we can get a consensus on the name, then we can move it. Riflemann 20:49, 14 February 2006 (UTC)

 * The name of the article should be consistent with other brewery articles. It should also, following Wiki convention, be in English (Brewery not Brouwerij) and be in the form by which most people would know it (Westvleteren Brewery). Alternative titles by which people may search for the article should be created then redirected here. There are a variety of alternatives - St Sixtus being one of the most popular. SilkTork 12:15, 29 June 2006 (UTC)

Content Question
I have some pictures from my visit there. One is of the outside of Saint Sixtus and one is of the interior and exterior of the cafe across the street that sells Westvleteren, the Cafe "in de Vrede". Anyone interested in me adding this stuff? If so, I'm going to need a little instruction on how to add pictures. Thanks. Oh, and as for the naming, I also agree that "Westvleteren Brewery" is inaccurate and especially clunky, and I agree with something more along the lines of Riflemann. mwochner

In De Vrede
I have changed In De Vrede being referenced to as an inn to a visitor's centre. The old Inn was unfortunately demolished quite some time ago and replaced by a big brick building. There is still a bar and shop plus an exhibition on monastic life. Also capitalized all three words as it is written like that on their website. Bigar 09:46, 30 September 2007 (UTC)
 * I've looked at their web page and it clearly says "In de Vrede" both in the text and in their logo. With a small d is also correct Dutch usage.Patto1ro 07:08, 1 October 2007 (UTC)

WikiProject Food and drink Tagging
This article talk page was automatically added with WikiProject Food and drink banner as it falls under Category:Food or one of its subcategories. If you find this addition an error, Kindly undo the changes and update the inappropriate categories if needed. The bot was instructed to tagg these articles upon consenus from WikiProject Food and drink. You can find the related request for tagging here. Maximum caution and careful attention was done to avoid any wrongly tagging any categories, but mistakes may happen... If you have concerns, please inform the project members on the project talk page -- TinucherianBot (talk) 07:53, 4 July 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Westvleteren Brewery. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20121217062638/http://www.wptv.com/dpp/money/consumer/westvleteren-xii-worlds-best-beer-from-saint-sixtus-belgium-now-available-in-the-united-states to http://www.wptv.com/dpp/money/consumer/westvleteren-xii-worlds-best-beer-from-saint-sixtus-belgium-now-available-in-the-united-states
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130703084129/http://www.sintsixtus.be/eng/brouwen.htm to http://www.sintsixtus.be/eng/brouwen.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 11:04, 15 December 2017 (UTC)

Labels
The beer bottles now have labels with the Trappist logo. 2A02:1811:8C21:7300:1C77:84AC:80AC:CDD6 (talk) 03:33, 5 October 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Westvleteren Brewery