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User talk:GregRobson/archive1

Archived messages from 30 May 2003 to 6 April 2005 in date order.

Hello
Hello there Greg, welcome to wikipedia. I see you live in Southam, small world isn't it, I live just up the road in Rugby.

If you have any questions about anything about the wikipedia or need help with anything, see village pump.

By-the-way, where did you get the information that the population of Southam is 12,000, according to my sources its about 4,500?. User:G-Man 30th may 03.

Hi there G-Man, I had noticed you on the UK lists of users and that you had worked on the Southam article. I think I've got the hang of Wikipedia (studying Computer Science helps!)

My info on Southam is based upon a book on the history of Southam that I have at home (written by a distant cousin), this is going back some 5 or more years, but it said then that the population was 10,000 or so. I'm heading home later this week, so I'll pop into the library and check with them, they're sure to know. It's definitely more than 4,500 as several new estates have been added in recent years. Southam had a population of around 1,250 a hundred years ago - then it was a few streets.

If you need any help with articles of Southam and the area, I'm quite keen on local history, my grandparents have lived here all their adult lives, and my mother's side of the family can be traced back to the 1700s and further!

I also notice that you have an interest in the railways, I do as well. I have the belief that the government should be expanding (not shrinking) the railway, and that it should come under the control of one company (both tracks and rail).

Nice to here from a fellow Wikipedian :) Greg Robson June 2nd 2003

I got my information from a book called "A History of Warwickshire" written in 1981, which says that Southam has a population of 4,435. It has probably grown by a few thousand since then, but 12,000 sounds a bit much to me.

Maybe 10,000 is the population of the borough, including all the surrounding villages, and not the population of the town itself.

The official statistics say that Rugby borough (including all the surrounding villages) has a population of something like 87,000 even though the town itself has a population of about 62,000. It's an easy mistake to make. G-Man 2/6/03.

When I find out, I'll ask whether it includes the borough or not. I'll probably rewrite it as "Southam has a population of X, but serves around Y people when the nearby villages are included".

btw If that book is the one I think it is (landscape with a green and white picture on the front and written by a Griffin), then that's the distant cousin of mine. I think it's that one which has a picture of my Gramp (David Duckett), when he was serving in the fire service. (It's a small world)

Boo.com
Hello there, I have expanded upon your Boo.com article, a decent picture of the storefront webpage is needed, the one in the Internet Archive is not pleasing to say the least with a missing jpeg. Foriskak August 7, 2004

Greg Robson June 3rd 2003

WikiProject Categories
I think you should move User:GregRobson/Categories/Draft Project Page to Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Categories and list it on WikiProject.

Once it gets listed people will become aware of it and start to join. Don't worry if the project details aren't perfect yet; they will evolve as people join the project.

You can list the project as "in development" if you want. - Pioneer-12 23:12, 31 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for jogging my memory — it is now visible at WikiProject Categories — Greg Robson 23:14, 1 Apr 2005 (UTC)

RE: Spelling tip
Thank you for the spelling tip. I spell-checked with micro. word and didn't recognize the UK-English. — LeaMaimone 22:36, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Data Management Wiki Committee
Thank you for your contribution to one, or more, articles that are now organized under Data management.

Because of your previous intrest, you are recieving an invitation to become a founding member of the Data Management Wiki Committee.

The members, of course, will form and solidify the purpose, rules, officers, etc. but my idea (to kick things off) is to establish a group of us who will take responsiblity to see that the ideas of Data management are promoted and well represented in Wikipedia articles.

If you are willing to join the committee, please go to Category_talk:Data_management and indicate your acceptance of this invitation by placing your three tilde characters in the list.

KeyStroke 01:16, 2004 Sep 25 (UTC)

Purge of "Public School" to "public school"
I see that you have quite comprehensively, and no doubt with rather a lot of effort, changed pretty much every reference on Wikipedia to use the lower case version of the above; I was always under the impression that it was normally considered correct to use the capitalised version...

James F. (talk) 18:00, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Hi there, yes I believe I'm on right if I've read these guidelines correctly: Naming_conventions, Naming conventions (capitalization) and Proper_noun
 * As school is not capitalised normally and "public school" is not trademarked a specific naming then it should be lower. i.e. Schools can be private, public, grammar etc. However a particular school may use captials as it is part of their unique name. It has been a while since I did GCSE English though so feel free to correct...

 * And yes - it was a lot of effort - all because my friend pointed out how empty the category was - I now find myself categorising the whole of Category:Education in the United Kingdom! Oh well - it looks better for it! GregRobson 18:19, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * To quote and then paraphrase from noun:
 * "there can be many gods, but there is only one God"
 * "There can be many different types of schools that are public, but there is only one type of Public School" - that is, I'm suggesting that the term is used as a proper noun.
 * Just a thought.
 * James F. (talk) 23:59, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)

University people categories
After reading through all you've written, I can't tell what your vote is. Could you clarify whether you want university people categories (we're not talking about university categories, just university people categories) to be kept or deleted? Also, maybe you can consider first reading new arguments people wrote on the Categories for deletion page, if any of them were placed there after your last visit there. Thanks. —Lowellian (talk) 10:50, Feb 28, 2005 (UTC)

Never mind, I mistakenly missed your bottom comment because I thought it was written by User:Flamurai. Your vote is clear. —Lowellian (talk) 10:55, Feb 28, 2005 (UTC)

On the page, you have two comments in boldface: first you have Keep "...alumni" and main university categories and then later, near the bottom, you have My vote: Keep 'alumni' categories and 'list of people...' articles, remove 'people' categories - as they are not categorising data. Could you please deboldface one of those so it doesn't look like two separate keep votes are coming from you? They're spread out far enough along the page that they look like separate votes. Maybe you could strike out the first boldfaced statement and move the second boldfaced statement, which sets out your position more clearly, up to the top? Thanks. —Lowellian (talk) 11:08, Feb 28, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:GregRobson/archive1


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Milan Nalina

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep (no consensus). Mindspillage (spill yours?) 05:21, 9 May 2005 (UTC)

Milan Nalina
Non-notable porn actress. Article tells us all we need to know about her diet. Dbiv 16:05, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and cleanup. Seems notable enough, at least in relation to Google hits - not seen any of her work personally :) TigerShark 21:45, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: pr0ncruft. Another fine product of the adult entertainment industry; as distinguished as any random car that comes off the assembly line. Wile E. Heresiarch 05:14, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, on the basis that more people would want to know about her than any random car. Kappa 05:34, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, cleanup and expand (beyond her dietary habits). Seems notable on Google, although I would add that Google is not a reliable indictator when it comes to pornography and music. Megan1967 07:14, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete — Neither Playmate o' Month nor a Movie Actress. Nothing to distinguish her from 10,000 other random car wannabees. — RJH 15:51, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not notable, and the internet's obsession with porn is well documented, so I wouldn't trust any google websearch in this field as establishing note. Average Earthman 18:14, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep How ever this article needs pictures. Klonimus 06:27, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable. Internet has plenty of pictures on the subject, though :) Radiant_* 09:20, Apr 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per above. Rossami (talk) 23:09, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, doesn't exist in media other than the internet--nixie 03:51, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Insertion (genetics)

In genetics, an insertion (also called an insertion mutation) is the addition of one or more nucleotide base pairs into a DNA sequence. This can often happen in microsatellite regions due to the DNA polymerase slipping. Insertions can be anywhere in size from one base pair incorrectly inserted into a DNA sequence to a section of one chromosome inserted into another. The mechanism of the smallest single base insertion mutations is believed to be through base-pair separation between the template and primer strands followed by non-neighbor base stacking, which can occur locally within the DNA polymerase active site. On a chromosome level, an insertion refers to the insertion of a larger sequence into a chromosome. This can happen due to unequal crossover during meiosis.

N region addition is the addition of non-coded nucleotides during recombination by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase.

P nucleotide insertion is the insertion of palindromic sequences encoded by the ends of the recombining gene segments.

Trinucleotide repeats are classified as insertion mutations and sometimes as a separate class of mutations.

Methods
Zinc finger nuclease(ZFN), Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALEN), and CRISPR gene editing are the three main methods used in the former research to achieve gene insertion. And CRISPR/Cas tools have already become one of the most used methods to present research.

Based on CRISPR/Cas tools, different systems have already been developed to achieve specific functions. For example, one strategy is double-strand nucleases cutting system, using the normal Cas9 protein with single guide RNA (sgRNA) and then achieving the gene insertion through end-joining or dividing cells with the DNA repair system. Another example is the prime editing system, which uses Cas9 nickase and the prime editing guide RNA (pegRNA) carrying the target genes.

One limitation of current technology is that the size for DNA precise insertion is not large enough to meet the demand for genome research. RNA-guided DNA transposition is an emerging area to solve this problem. More efficient methods are expected to be developed and applied in the genome engineering area.

Effects
Insertions can be particularly hazardous if they occur in an exon, the amino acid coding region of a gene. A frameshift mutation, an alteration in the normal reading frame of a gene, results if the number of inserted nucleotides is not divisible by three, i.e., the number of nucleotides per codon. Frameshift mutations will alter all the amino acids encoded by the gene following the mutation. Usually, insertions and the subsequent frameshift mutation will cause the active translation of the gene to encounter a premature stop codon, resulting in an end to translation and the production of a truncated protein. Transcripts carrying the frameshift mutation may also be degraded through Nonsense-mediated decay during translation, thus not resulting in any protein product. If translated, the truncated proteins frequently are unable to function properly or at all and can result in any number of genetic disorders depending on the gene in which the insertion occurs.

In-frame insertions occur when the reading frame is not altered as a result of the insertion; the number of inserted nucleotides is divisible by three. The reading frame remains intact after the insertion and translation will most likely run to completion if the inserted nucleotides do not code for a stop codon. However, because of the inserted nucleotides, the finished protein will contain, depending on the size of the insertion, multiple new amino acids that may affect the function of the protein.

title: Insertion (genetics)


text:
Meenaxi: A Tale of Three Cities

Meenaxi: A Tale of Three Cities (or Meenaxi) is a 2004 Indian Hindi musical drama film directed by M. F. Husain and starring Tabu, Kunal Kapoor and Raghubir Yadav. The film is centered on Hyderabad novelist Nawab (Yadav) who is suffering from writer's block. After five years and no stories, Nawab comes across an unconventional muse, Meenaxi (Tabu). The three cities referred to in the title are Hyderabad, Jaisalmer and Prague. The film features an acclaimed score and soundtrack by A.R. Rahman.

It is semi-autobiographical in some aspects. There are allusions to Husain's own experiences with his muse, Madhuri Dixit, with whom he made his previous film, Gaja Gamini (2000). The film was screened in the Marché du Film section of the 2005 Cannes Film Festival.

Synopsis
Nawab, a popular Hyderabadi novelist, is suffering from a classic case of writer's block. Five years have passed, and stories of substance seem to have dried up. Then, almost providentially, Nawab comes across a young woman named Meenaxi. She's enigmatic and individualistic – and not quite willing to perform the part of a passive muse. But that doesn't deter a rejuvenated Nawab from giving her different personae – she can be the mysterious perfume trader of Hyderabad, the exotic desert bloom of Jaisalmer or the orphaned Maria of Prague. Inexorably, she consolidates her command over the novelist. She dismisses his renewed attempts at writing as insubstantial and hackneyed, plunging him into a state of deeper despair. She is scathingly critical about his story and is amused by one of his characters, the lovelorn and awkward Kameshwar. Finally, as Nawab strives on a new page all over again, Meenaxi comments that perhaps the book is in vain. In any case, it is much too late. The writer must survive and live, if he can, without her support, inspiration and criticism.

Cast

 * Tabu in a triple role as
 * Meenaxi
 * Tanu
 * Tabu
 * Kunal Kapoor as Kameshwar Mathur
 * Raghubir Yadav as Nawab
 * Remo D'Souza as Kameshwar's Friend
 * Nadira Babbar as Khala / Masi

Soundtrack
A. R. Rahman composed the music to lyrics written by Rahat Indori, M. F. Husain], and Sukhwinder Singh. The music for Meenaxi was released on 24 January 2004, generating controversies for the song "Noor-Un-Ala" which had lyrics from the Quran.

"Do Kadam" is sung by Sonu Nigam with lyrics provided by Rahat Indori. Planetbollywood referred to this song as the best from Sonu Nigam. The song "Noor-Un-Ala-Noor" is a Sufi style song sung by Murtaza Khan and Qadir Khan, together called Khan brothers. Lyrics for the song were by M. F. Hussain which slightly adapted the Quranic verses honouring Allah to honour the lead character Meenaxi.

The audio was released on 24 January 2004 creating controversy regarding the song "Noor-Un-Ala" which had lyrics directly taken from the Quran. The film was pulled from cinemas a day after some Muslim organisations raised objections to the song.

Reception
Ronjita Kulkarni of Rediff.com called the film ″poetry in colour″, and praised Tabu's performance, writing, ″Tabu is brilliant. The way she teases the two men in the film is spectacular. She is aided, of course, by Husain's knack of presenting his women beautifully, like he did to Madhuri Dixit in Gaja Gamini.″ Derek Elley of Variety wrote ″Painter-cum-filmmaker M.F. Husain lets palette take precedence over plotting in “Meenaxi: Tale of 3 Cities,” a beautifully lensed tale of a writer bewitched by a female muse that desperately needs a more solid script. An artier, free-form take on Bollywood formulae, this showcase for actress Tabu (niece of veteran thesp Shabana Azmi) could find a niche offshore on the strength of its visuals and the varied score by composer du jour A.R. Rahman, though wider dissemination will be on ancillary.″ Manish Gajjar of BBC.com wrote that the film ″will appeal to those who appreciate art. It is definitely not one of your run of the mill Bollywood's masala films.″

Awards

 * 2003: National Film Awards:
 * Best Production Design: Sharmishta Roy
 * 2005: Zee Cine Awards
 * Best Art Direction: Sharmishta Roy
 * Best Cinematography: Santosh Sivan

title: Meenaxi: A Tale of Three Cities


text: User:ClockworkSoul/Templates/example

title: User:ClockworkSoul/Templates/example


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dwight Dunfield

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 05:22, 9 May 2005 (UTC)

Dwight Dunfield
Vanity. Dbiv 16:07, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Do not delete this please. FYI this article was created by students, not the man himself. (Unsigned contribution from 156.34.224.25)
 * That doesn't mean it isn't vanity. He may be a very good teacher at Fredericton High School but that doesn't make him a legitimate subject for an encyclopaedia. Dbiv 21:50, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * We think reverence is a better term. While it is indeed 'coloured' by our point of view, there is nevertheless valid information contained therein: for example, even I (the co-writer) didn't know his wife- and daughter's names, and I imagine many others would learn something even if they knew the man well, like myself. One commented that he is not 'notable'. Well this is quite subjective; we certainly think so, and we know of many who would find this article informative as well as amusing who have taken one or more of his courses. He deserves to be recognised - there are few teachers we can say this about.
 * Delete Non-notable and POV - (although I am glad to hear he has only one wife - mind you, if he had two he might be notable ) --Doc Glasgow 00:25, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I do appreciate the sentiment but he is not notable - as of yet, anyway. If you do appreciate the fellow in that extent, you could create full webpage for him. Assuming, of course, that he wants to reveal all his personal details in the net. I assume you have asked him? - Skysmith 09:15, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. School teacher. There are a very large number of school teachers, and few will get any recognition whatsoever outside of their local community. This is not the job of Wikipedia to correct. Average Earthman 18:15, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * query At 1.24 Kb, the text with which we are concerned takes about 0.000075 cents of storage space. I need not remind you that this is not an ordinary encyclopaedia, yet your reasoning for deletion because of 'non-notability' seems to suggest it should contain a similar amount of information as a physical one; that 1.24 KB is a precious amount of storage space compared to the fame, or lack thereof, of the subject in question. I understand the motive for keeping the information on wikipedia clean and relevant, but it seems absurd that these 'non-notables' should be deleted for any other reason. If this is relevant to 1 person, is that not worth at least 0.000075 cents?
 * No. This is also not the point, if it is only relevant to one person, it is not likely to be checked adequately for inaccuracy and vandalism. Average Earthman 08:03, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * It was a rhetorical question - I don't appreciate your spite. Anyway, I did not say that it was only relevant to one person; it was hypothetical, and to prove a different point.
 * Do not Delete*. Mr. Dunfield's accomplishments greately surpass those of the stereotypical high school teacher. He has greately influenced the lives of many if not all of his students. He teaches advanced level classes and always teaches with knowledge and great enthusiasm. For these reasons he is definitely notable and deserves to be in this encyclopedia.
 * To all the anonymous posters, please go read the Guide to Votes for deletion and perhaps the criteria for inclusion of biographies and Verifiable. This is not personal but there are some very good reasons why the community has chosen not to accept biographies on every person imaginable.  My vote is to delete.  Rossami (talk) 23:14, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, admiration by students isn't enough to make this guy notable--nixie 03:49, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable. Quale 21:16, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable --Neigel von Teighen 21:18, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Bragança District

Bragança District (Distrito de Bragança ; Çtrito de Bergáncia) is a traditional political division of Portugal, in the northeast corner bordering on Spain (Castile and Leon and Galicia), covering 7.4% of the nation's continental landmass. the total resident population was 136,252, making it the second-least populous district in Portugal, only surpassing Portalegre District.

Bragança is administratively divided in twelve municipalities and 299 parishes located in the north-eastern part of Trás-os-Montes. The capital of the district, Bragança, is 217 km from Porto, the second largest town in Portugal, 107 km from the Spanish town of Zamora and 169 km from Salamanca, also in Spain. It is bordered by Spain (Castile and Leon and Galicia) in the north and northeast, Vila Real District in the west, Viseu District in the southwest and Guarda District in the south.

History
During the Roman era, the territory was part of the much larger province of Gallaecia, dependent administratively on Astorga and the gold, iron and silver trade route. Although names similar to Bragança appeared around 666 B.C. (Wamba) or 569 A.D. (Council of Lugo), a territory identifiable as Bragança only appeared after the Celts who baptised one of their main settlements Brigantia, in the second century, which was later Latinized to Bragança. But this settlement was limited.

The region's name was derived from the traditional feudal history of the northern region: the Bragançãos family of Castro de Avelãs were the basis of this lineage that included Fernão Mendes, who later married the Infanta Sancha (daughter of Afonso Henriques), inheriting the region on the death of the King. The Bragançãos would maintain their hold on the region until 1258, when Afonso III transferred the title to Nuno Martins, but the name Braganção would continue to influence the region. Eventually, the King Afonso V established the Dukedom of the Duchy of Braganza for his uncle, Afonso, Count of Barcelos to strengthen the ties of the crown to the land. When the royal House of Braganza ascended to the throne of Portugal (through John IV), the significance of Bragança, as the hereditary seat of the Kings and Emperors of Portugal was sealed.

The district of Bragança was constituted upon the creation of the district system on 25 April 1835; a creation of the Liberal government, it was inspired by the French départements, with the objective to "facilitate the action of government...and permit access to the authorities". The establishment of the districts was primarily done to counteract the centralizing tendencies of the governmental authority.

Physical geography
The district is composed of two distinct regions described in terms of its geographic differences: the northern areas, with the higher altitudes constitute the Terra Fria Transmontana (Cold lands), and the Alto Trás-os-Montes, where the landscape is dominated gentler slopes of the plateau; and the southern areas, the Terra Quente Trasmontana (Hot Lands), where the climate is milder, marked by the valleys of the Douro River and its tributaries. Its area allows a wide diversity of landscapes, and the district is known for its climatic differences (nine months of winter and three of heat), its rugged geomorphology, an aging population and urban to rural migration of its residents over time.

It is the Douro River that characterizes the geography, dividing the borders within the district, its southern frontier and extreme northeast borders with Spain. It is in the Douro valley that the lowlands of the district are primarily located, although almost all are 400 metres above sea level, with the exception of the municipality of Mirandela and its rivers. In addition to the Douro, the rivers of the district run north to south (or northeast to southwest) within the Douro watershed. The principal rivers are the Tua River, which springs from the mountains of Mirandela, at the confluence of Tuela and Rabaçal Rivers, and the Sabor River, which springs in Spain, and crosses the eastern part of the district. Both rivers have a network of tributaries, such as the Baceiro River (feeding the Tuela), the Mente River (serving the Rabaçal), and the Azibo River (supporting the Sabor).

The mountain ranges divide these water courses: the Serra da Nogueira (approximately 1320 metres) separates the Tuela and Sabor valleys; more to the south, the Serra de Bornes (1199 metres), in the municipalities of Macedo de Cavaleiros and Alfândega da Fé separate the Tua and Sabor Rivers; to the east, the columns of the Serra do Mogadouro (997 metres) separate the Sabor and Douro; and in the north, at the border with Spain, the largest mountains in the region the Serra da Coroa (1274 metres), north of Vinhais, and the Serra de Montesinho (1400 metres) at the frontier, shield the Spanish autonomous communities from Portugal. A major part of the dams in the district are located along the Douro; the Valeira, Pocinho, Saucelle, Aldeadávila, Bemposta, Picote and Miranda Dams, along the main river, and the Azibo, Nuzedo de Baixo and Rebordelo, along its tributaries.

Ecoregions/protected areas
Bragança includes several natural sanctuaries, such as the Parque Natural de Montesinho, the Parque Natural do Douro Internacional, and the Paisagem Protegida da Albufeira do Azibo, oasises in the northwest part of the peninsula.

Human geography
Consisting of twelve municipalities, the district of Bragança is the fifth largest district of Portugal:
 * Alfândega da Fé
 * Bragança
 * Carrazeda de Ansiães
 * Freixo de Espada à Cinta
 * Macedo de Cavaleiros
 * Miranda do Douro
 * Mirandela
 * Mogadouro
 * Torre de Moncorvo
 * Vila Flor
 * Vimioso
 * Vinhais

Politics
One of 18 Portuguese districts, this administrative division serves to define electoral units for proportional representation in national elections; administrative centres for police, courts and other public orders; and some local offices of ministries. Although Bragança has a Civil Governor, nominated by the Ministry of Home Affairs (Ministro da Administração Interna), his/her role is limited to issues of public security, and local governance.

Summary of votes and seats won 1976-2022
!rowspan=2|Parties!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S !colspan=2 | 1976 !colspan=2 | 1979 !colspan=2 | 1980 !colspan=2 | 1983 !colspan=2 | 1985 !colspan=2 | 1987 !colspan=2 | 1991 !colspan=2 | 1995 !colspan=2 | 1999 !colspan=2 | 2002 !colspan=2 | 2005 !colspan=2 | 2009 !colspan=2 | 2011 !colspan=2 | 2015 !colspan=2 | 2019 !colspan=2 | 2022 ! Total seats || colspan=2|5 || colspan=20|4 || colspan=10|3 ! colspan=33|Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições
 * - class="unsortable"
 * - class="unsortable" align="center"
 * align="left"| PS || 22.6 || 1 || 22.2 || 1 || 21.3 || 1 || 30.4 || 1 || 22.7 || 1 || 19.2 || 1 || 25.7 || 1 || 40.3 || 2 || 39.7 || 2 || 30.0 || 1 || style="background:#FF66FF;"|42.1 || style="background:#FF66FF;"|2 || 33.0 || 1 || 26.1 || 1 || 34.1 || 1 || 36.5 || 1 || style="background:#FF66FF;"|40.3 || style="background:#FF66FF;"|2
 * align="left"| PSD || style="background:#FF9900;"|33.3 || style="background:#FF9900;"|2 || align=center colspan=4 rowspan=2|In AD || style="background:#FF9900;"|35.8 || style="background:#FF9900;"|2 || style="background:#FF9900;"|39.2 || style="background:#FF9900;"|2 || style="background:#FF9900;"|60.8 || style="background:#FF9900;"|3 || style="background:#FF9900;"|57.9 || style="background:#FF9900;"|3 || style="background:#FF9900;"|44.8|| style="background:#FF9900;"|2 || style="background:#FF9900;"|45.1 || style="background:#FF9900;"|2 || style="background:#FF9900;"|53.2 || style="background:#FF9900;"|3 || 39.0 || 2 || style="background:#FF9900;"|40.6 || style="background:#FF9900;"|2 || style="background:#FF9900;"|52.1 || style="background:#FF9900;"|2 || align=center colspan=2 rowspan=2|In PàF || style="background:#FF9900;"|40.8 || style="background:#FF9900;"|2 || 40.3 || 1
 * align="left"| CDS-PP || 28.3 || 2 || 20.9 || 1 || 17.1 || 1 || 7.6 || || 8.2 ||  || 9.3 ||  || 8.6 ||  || 10.9 ||  || 9.7 ||  || 12.6 ||  || 11.1 ||  || 4.5 ||  || 2.1
 * align="left"| AD || colspan=2| || style="background:#00FFFF;"|60.7 || style="background:#00FFFF;"|3 || style="background:#00FFFF;"|65.3 || style="background:#00FFFF;"|3 || colspan=26|
 * align="left"| PàF || colspan=26| || style="background:#00AAAA;"|49.4 || style="background:#00AAAA;"|2 || colspan=4|
 * align="left"| CDS-PP || 28.3 || 2 || 20.9 || 1 || 17.1 || 1 || 7.6 || || 8.2 ||  || 9.3 ||  || 8.6 ||  || 10.9 ||  || 9.7 ||  || 12.6 ||  || 11.1 ||  || 4.5 ||  || 2.1
 * align="left"| AD || colspan=2| || style="background:#00FFFF;"|60.7 || style="background:#00FFFF;"|3 || style="background:#00FFFF;"|65.3 || style="background:#00FFFF;"|3 || colspan=26|
 * align="left"| PàF || colspan=26| || style="background:#00AAAA;"|49.4 || style="background:#00AAAA;"|2 || colspan=4|
 * align="left"| PàF || colspan=26| || style="background:#00AAAA;"|49.4 || style="background:#00AAAA;"|2 || colspan=4|
 * align="left"| PàF || colspan=26| || style="background:#00AAAA;"|49.4 || style="background:#00AAAA;"|2 || colspan=4|
 * }

Economy
The region is known for its small (almost subsistence) agriculture, supported by various species of free-range cattle and traditional agricultural techniques. Local gastronomy, which includes Mirandês beef, embutidos, lamb, sheep and poultry, cascas com casulos, trout, bread, cheese and honey, as well as a range of sweets and pastries, are rich representations of this zone. Unlike tourism in central Portugal, the region is sought for its unspoiled nature and rural tourism; its agrarian lifestyle, although an important part of its enchantment, supports the local population, primarily in cattle-raising, dairy production and cultivation of rye and wheat.

In the urban areas, particularly the municipal seats, the primary economic activities predominate, including the public-sector institutions, commerce and industry.

The difficulty in communication and interconnection between markets was always a problem in this region, resulting in few investments and economic development. Tourism still remains the sector of the economy that has potential to improve development, and fix a transient population.

Culture
Leonese language was widely spoken in the territory, but today, there are few who speak the language (which is primarily concentrated in the communities near Rio de Onor, Guadramil and along the northeast to southeast frontier with Spain). Mirandese, a local variant, is commonly observed in the regions of the District, particularly around Miranda do Douro, and has resulted in its official recognition by the Portuguese Parliament.

title: Bragança District


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/MAPA

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete moink 13:04, 9 May 2005 (UTC)

MAPA

 * Comment: Hello. This is not a "joke" or "POV rant." MAPA is a real organization with over 20 active members from Mandeville, Louisiana. There is a meeting on Memorial Day weekend of this year to discuss a web site and publication of a book on its purpose. I can provide names, contact info, and meeting agendas if proof is needed. Thank you. Pajhonka 19:36, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Oh boy, a whole 20 members !!!!! Proof of vanity right there. Delete. Soundguy99 18:23, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Comment: 20 members may not seem like a significant amount, but it is in terms of Mandeville, Louisiana. Every organization has to start somewhere and for a young group in our area, this is a lot of members. The article was written to supplement the article about Mandeville for anyone interested in what we do. If you don't think this article belongs, that's fine, but there's no need to make fun of people trying to get something started.Pajhonka 20:00, 2 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: 20 members may indeed be significant in terms of Mandeville, Lousiana, but this is not an encyclopedia about Mandeville, Louisiana. Your organisation has to be more widely known to warrant an article here. No, I don't think the article belongs here. Neither do I think it's fair to make fun of you just because of that.   — J I P | Talk 18:19, 3 May 2005 (UTC)

Either a POV rant or some kind of joke. I almost tagged it as speedy but wanted another opinion. I vote delete. — J I P | Talk 16:09, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: This page (i.e. the VfD discussion) was blanked by an anonymous user. Somehow I kind of suspected it would be...   — J I P | Talk 17:25, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: The above notice was since removed by an anonymous user, who proceeded to change JIP's vote. R Calvete 19:07, 2005 Apr 25 (UTC)
 * Delete. This "group" referred to doesn't seem to actually exist (ie, no google hits), besides it's POV and also vanity (since there seems to be no other indication this group exists.  Add in the vandalism... R Calvete 19:07, 2005 Apr 25 (UTC)
 * Delete. Rant, article about a non-notable group. --Carnildo 21:37, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: joke/vanity, utterly insignificant either way. Wile E. Heresiarch 05:15, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, possible vanity. Megan1967 07:09, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/MAPA


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jeffrey Key

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 05:23, 9 May 2005 (UTC)

Jeffrey Key
Probable vanity. Only claimed notability is for writing a book which is unknown to Amazon. Dbiv 16:11, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * delete he can come back when the book is published (or even finished)--Doc Glasgow 22:24, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, vanity. Megan1967 07:20, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete -- See children, drugs are bad. - Longhair | Talk 18:48, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Vila Real District

The District of Vila Real (Distrito de Vila Real ) is a district of northern Portugal. With an area of 4,239 km2, the district is located east of the port city of Porto and north of the Douro River. Vila Real has always belonged to the historical province of Trás-os-Montes. Approximate population in the 2001 census was 230,000. The population has shown negative rates in recent years due to emigration and aging. Many of the villages have lost population and have become deserted while the district capital has gained in population. It is bordered by Spain (Galicia) in the north and east, Braga District and Porto District in the west, Viseu District in the south and Bragança District in the east.

Geographic and socioeconomic characteristics
Vila Real is a rugged area of low mountains and narrow valleys. Historically it had always been cut off from the coast by the Marão, Gerês, and Cabreira mountains until a highway was cut through in the eighties. Due to poor soil, agriculture has always been a struggle, although wine grapes are produced in the south near the Douro River. Potatoes, corn, and rye have always been the traditional crops, as well as limited dairy farming. Extensive areas are covered in pine forest. Granite and the manufacture of mineral water—the waters of Vidago and Pedras Salgadas are nationally famous—are two important industries.

There was formerly a narrow gauge railway (the Corgo line) which linked the town of Vila Real with Peso da Régua on the Douro River. Until 1990 the railway reached as far north as Chaves. The remaining, southern part of the Corgo line closed in 2009.

Population trends

The largest towns are all very small, when compared to provincial capitals in neighboring Spain. When we talk about population of urban centers two figures are used in Portugal, one number for the concelho or municipality, which can be as large as 1,720.6 km2 (Odemira in the district of Beja) or as small as 8.11 km2 (São João da Madeira in the district of Aveiro), and another number for the main urban center itself. Often it is difficult to determine which parishes make up the urban center and which make up the rest of the concelho. Official census figures give populations of concelhos and not urban centers, so this can be misleading. Often the head of the municipality can be relatively small with most of the population residing in rural parishes. Chaves, for example has 12,000 in the urban parishes (2) and 29,000 in 49 rural parishes for a total municipality population of 41,000.

In order of population, Vila Real capital has roughly 25,000 in the urban parishes, Chaves 12,000, followed by Valpaços, Peso da Régua, and the other seats of concelhos, all of which have fewer than 10,000 inhabitants.

The population density of the district is sparse, 54 people per square kilometer. Most of this population lives in the concelhos of the south—Vila Real, Santa Marta, Régua, Sabrosa, and Alijó. The area between the district capital and the Douro river is especially more densely populated, with Régua having a population density of 212 per km2, and Santa Marta with 128. There is a relatively populated area east of the capital. North the population clusters follow the Corgo river valley with many small villages on the river valley or veiga south of Vila Pouca. The geological fault linking Vila Pouca with Chaves is also quite populated. Then north and south of Chaves population density increases (68 per km2). The area to the west—the Barroso—or to the east—Serra do Brunheiro is sparsely inhabited. Montalegre has a population density of 22 per km2, although the number of small villages scattered across the area gives a different impression. A closer look shows that many of the houses are no longer lived in and many have been abandoned.

Much of this population still lives in villages, many of which have fewer than 100 inhabitants. Over seventy-five percent of the population in fact lives in centers with fewer than 5,000 people, which is the cutoff point for urbanization. If we take the total population of 230,000 in 1991 and single out the largest centers with more than 10,000 people—Chaves, and Vila Real—whose total population is under 30,000, we can see that over seventy five percent of the population is rural or semi-rural. This lack of middle-sized urban centers in the province is a reflection of the loss of population of the region as a whole over the last twenty years, due to lack of job possibilities. It also means that the Transmontano still has a rural lifestyle and all that this implies in cultural habits, including outlook towards education, innovation in business, and acceptance of different ideas.

Municipalities
The district is composed of 14 municipalities:

 * Alijó
 * Boticas
 * Chaves
 * Mesão Frio
 * Mondim de Basto
 * Montalegre
 * Murça
 * Peso da Régua
 * Ribeira de Pena
 * Sabrosa
 * Santa Marta de Penaguião
 * Valpaços
 * Vila Pouca de Aguiar
 * Vila Real

Summary of votes and seats won 1976-2022
!rowspan=2|Parties!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S !colspan=2 | 1976 !colspan=2 | 1979 !colspan=2 | 1980 !colspan=2 | 1983 !colspan=2 | 1985 !colspan=2 | 1987 !colspan=2 | 1991 !colspan=2 | 1995 !colspan=2 | 1999 !colspan=2 | 2002 !colspan=2 | 2005 !colspan=2 | 2009 !colspan=2 | 2011 !colspan=2 | 2015 !colspan=2 | 2019 !colspan=2 | 2022 ! Total seats || colspan=2|7 || colspan=12|6 || colspan=18|5 ! colspan=33|Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições
 * - class="unsortable"
 * - class="unsortable" align="center"
 * align="left"| PS || 26.3 || 2 || 24.8 || 2 || 22.8 || 1 || 32.3 || 2 || 23.0 || 2 || 20.3 || 1 || 26.0 || 2 || 40.0 || 2 || 40.8 || 2 || 31.9 || 2 || style="background:#FF66FF;"|43.8 || style="background:#FF66FF;"|3 || 36.1 || 2 || 29.1 || 2 || 33.1 || 2 || 37.2 || 2 || style="background:#FF66FF;"|41.3 || style="background:#FF66FF;"|3
 * align="left"| PSD || style="background:#FF9900;"|39.0 || style="background:#FF9900;"|4 || align=center colspan=4 rowspan=2|In AD || style="background:#FF9900;"|42.0 || style="background:#FF9900;"|3 || style="background:#FF9900;"|42.2 || style="background:#FF9900;"|3 || style="background:#FF9900;"|62.5 || style="background:#FF9900;"|5 || style="background:#FF9900;"|60.6 || style="background:#FF9900;"|4 || style="background:#FF9900;"|46.0 || style="background:#FF9900;"|3 || style="background:#FF9900;"|45.5 || style="background:#FF9900;"|3 || style="background:#FF9900;"|54.1 || style="background:#FF9900;"|3 || 40.2 || 2 || style="background:#FF9900;"|41.1 || style="background:#FF9900;"|3 || style="background:#FF9900;"|51.4 || style="background:#FF9900;"|3 || align=center colspan=2 rowspan=2|In PàF || style="background:#FF9900;"|39.0 || style="background:#FF9900;"|3 || 40.0 || 2
 * align="left"| CDS-PP || 18.3 || 1 || 12.7 || 1 || 12.5 || 1 || 5.0 || || 5.1 ||  || 7.8 ||  || 6.8 ||  || 8.1 ||  || 6.8 ||  || 10.1 ||  || 8.7 ||  || 4.5 ||  || 1.6
 * align="left"| AD || colspan=2| || style="background:#00FFFF;"|57.7 || style="background:#00FFFF;"|4 || style="background:#00FFFF;"|62.1 || style="background:#00FFFF;"|5 || colspan=26|
 * align="left"| PàF || colspan=26| || style="background:#00AAAA;"|51.0 || style="background:#00AAAA;"|3 || colspan=4|
 * align="left"| CDS-PP || 18.3 || 1 || 12.7 || 1 || 12.5 || 1 || 5.0 || || 5.1 ||  || 7.8 ||  || 6.8 ||  || 8.1 ||  || 6.8 ||  || 10.1 ||  || 8.7 ||  || 4.5 ||  || 1.6
 * align="left"| AD || colspan=2| || style="background:#00FFFF;"|57.7 || style="background:#00FFFF;"|4 || style="background:#00FFFF;"|62.1 || style="background:#00FFFF;"|5 || colspan=26|
 * align="left"| PàF || colspan=26| || style="background:#00AAAA;"|51.0 || style="background:#00AAAA;"|3 || colspan=4|
 * align="left"| PàF || colspan=26| || style="background:#00AAAA;"|51.0 || style="background:#00AAAA;"|3 || colspan=4|
 * align="left"| PàF || colspan=26| || style="background:#00AAAA;"|51.0 || style="background:#00AAAA;"|3 || colspan=4|
 * }

title: Vila Real District


text:
Meton of Athens

Meton of Athens (Μέτων ὁ Ἀθηναῖος; gen.: Μέτωνος; fl. 432 BC) was a Greek mathematician, astronomer, geometer, and engineer who lived in Athens in the 5th century BC. He is best known for calculations involving the eponymous 19-year Metonic cycle, which he introduced in 432 BC into the lunisolar Attic calendar. Euphronios says that Colonus was Meton's deme.

Work
The Metonic calendar incorporates knowledge that 19 solar years and 235 lunar months are very nearly of the same duration. Consequently, a given day of a lunar month will often occur on the same day of the solar year as it did 19 years previously. Meton's observations were made in collaboration with Euctemon, about whom nothing else is known. The Greek astronomer Callippus expanded on the work of Meton, proposing what is now called the Callippic cycle. A Callippic cycle runs for 76 years, or four Metonic cycles. Callippus refined the lunisolar calendar, deducting one day from the fourth Metonic cycle in each Callippic cycle (i.e., after 940 synodic lunar periods had elapsed), so as to better keep the lunisolar calendar synchronized with the seasons of the solar year.

The world's oldest known astronomical calculator, the Antikythera Mechanism (2nd century BC), performs calculations based on both the Metonic and Callipic calendar cycles, with separate dials for each.

The foundations of Meton's observatory in Athens are still visible just behind the podium of the Pnyx, the ancient parliament. Meton found the dates of equinoxes and solstices by observing sunrise from his observatory. From that point of observation, during the summer solstice, sunrise was in line with the local hill of Mount Lycabetus, while six months later, during the winter solstice, sunrise occurs over the high brow of Mount Hymettos in the southeast. So from Meton's observatory the Sun appears to move along a 60° arc between these two points on the horizon every six months. The bisector of the observatory's solstitial arc lies in line with the Acropolis. These topological features are important because the summer solstice was the point in time from which the Athenians measured the start of their calendar years. The first month of the new year, Hekatombaion, began with the first new moon after the summer solstice.

Meton appears briefly as a character in Aristophanes' play The Birds (414 BC). He comes on stage carrying surveying instruments and is described as a geometer.

What little is known about Meton is related by ancient historians. According to Ptolemy, a stela or table erected in Athens contained a record of Meton's observations, and a description of the Metonic cycle. None of Meton's works survive.

title: Meton of Athens


text:
Water (1985 film)

Water is a 1985 British comedy film directed by Dick Clement and starring Michael Caine. It was scripted by Clement and Ian La Frenais. The plot spoofs elements of the comedies Carlton-Browne of the F.O. (1958) and Passport to Pimlico (1948) and the then-recent invasions of the Falkland Islands and Grenada. Caine plays Baxter Thwaites, a Governor who has 'gone native' (similar to his role in The Honorary Consul), and Billy Connolly as local biracial activist Delgado, supported by the last performance of Leonard Rossiter, as Sir Malcolm Leveridge, and one of the last performances of Fulton Mackay.

Plot
The story is set in the fictional Caribbean island and British colony of Cascara. Widely ignored by the British Government, media, and general public, local Governor Baxter Thwaites is having an easy life in his small and peaceful colony. That peace is disturbed when an abandoned oil rig starts delivering water - at the standard of the finest table water brands (and laxative companies, as it contains a substance that makes you "shit like clockwork"). Different parties, including Downing Street, the Cascara Liberation Front, the White House, French bottled water producers, and Cuban guerrillas take interest in the future of the island and threaten to destroy the cosy way of life enjoyed by the island's inhabitants.

Cast

 * Michael Caine as Governor Baxter Thwaites
 * Valerie Perrine as Pamela Weintraub
 * Brenda Vaccaro as Dolores Thwaites
 * Leonard Rossiter as Sir Malcolm Leveridge (final film appearance, released posthumously)
 * Billy Connolly as Delgado Fitzhugh
 * Chris Tummings as Garfield Cooper
 * Dennis Dugan as Rob Waring
 * Fulton Mackay as Reverend Eric McNab
 * Jimmie Walker as Jay Jay
 * Dick Shawn as Deke Halliday
 * Fred Gwynne as Franklin Spender
 * Trevor Laird as Pepito
 * Alan Igbon as Cuban
 * Maureen Lipman as Margaret Thatcher
 * Alfred Molina as Pierre
 * Bill Persky as TV director
 * Ruby Wax as Spenco Executive

Development
The film was one of three movies that HandMade Films intended to shoot in 1984, the others being A Private Function and a comedy from John MacKenzie, The Travelling Man (which ultimately would not be made). It was written by the experienced comedy duo Ian La Frenais and Dick Clement, who had just made Bullshot (1983) for HandMade. "I guess it was like an Ealing film," said Clement, "but it was not a conscious effort to recreate that style. I can see the analogies with something like Passport to Pimlico."

Writing
Le Frenais and Clement had made a television pilot in the US with Bill Persky who came up with the idea of a fictional British colony in the Caribbean which sought independence. The three of them wrote a screenplay which Persky wanted to direct (he had made the film Serial (1980)) but they were unable to raise finance. Then when Clement and Le Frenais made Bullshot for Handmade they showed the script to Denis O'Brien, head of the studio. "It was Denis who absolutely loved the script and really responded to it and said, 'Let's do it'," said Clement. The fictional island of Cascara, which was the Caribbean island of Saint Lucia, is a play on Cascara, a plant which has laxative properties because in the film a re-opened oil well is discovered to produce mineral water with a 'slight laxative effect'. After Clement and Le Frenais wrote another draft of the script, they sent it to Michael Caine, who loved it and wanted to be in the film. Clement says, "We were thrilled because we knew that meant we would get the film made, and suddenly it was a go project."

Casting
Denis O'Brien liked to use members of Monty Python in HandMade films and offered the role of Sir Malcolm Leveridge to John Cleese. Cleese read the script and turned it down; Leonard Rossiter played the role instead, in what turned out to be Rossiter's last film.

At the time Billy Connolly was an emerging comedian, much admired by Denis O'Brien. "They were always trying to put him into a movie because Denis was convinced that Billy Connolly was the funniest man in Britain," said Clement. "He was way ahead of the pack there." O'Brien insisted that Connolly be in Bullshot and Water. "He was actually cast before anybody else," said Clement.

Billy Connolly later recalled the making of the movie. "We went to Heathrow to fly out, and fly out we did. Not knowing that - there were no mobile phones then of course - they were racing up to tell us not to go. That the money had fallen through. But by the time the plane landed in Saint Lucia, they'd got the money again!"

The television presenter Paul Heiney played a small role in the film for an episode for the BBC series In at the Deep End.

Filming
The movie started filming in May 1984. The same month A Private Function also went into production and people who worked on that film felt their budget was sacrificed in order to fund Water.

Shooting took place mostly on Saint Lucia. There were few filmmaking facilities so items had to be shipped there by sea. Studio work was done at Shepperton Studios in London and the oil rig scenes were shot in Devon.

Dick Clement later said, "We were rewriting the ending as we went along and that's never good... In hindsight, I always think you need to get those decisions out of the way before you get on the set. But, on the whole, it was a good shoot. Michael Caine was a fantastic trouper on the film, he was really a joy to work with, enormously supportive. I can’t be more appreciative of his work on it and how professional he was. In a way, Michael had the straightest part in the film, he was almost the straight man. He kept saying to me, 'You realise I'm having to carry all the plot here?'"

Connolly said Caine "taught me so much, about how to be generous to other actors. We were climbing up a hill and we were being filmed from the top. Suddenly he went, oh! My leg! And he spoiled a whole take. So they said we're doing it again, and he whispered to me 'next time, move further to the right, they can't see you'. He was lovely."

George Harrison normally did not get too involved in production of HandMade's films. However, he helped out on Water by appearing in the concert at the end and getting his friends Eric Clapton, Ringo Starr, Jon Lord and Ray Cooper to appear. "George was very leery of appearing in his own company's movies," says Clement, "that was a big help to the film. We called in a few favours and, obviously, the Harrison connection didn't hurt. We hoped that scene would be a big selling tool for the movie... didn't work out that way but it was a good idea."

The concert scene was shot in a single day at Shepperton Studios. Clapton, Starr and Harrison were paid the musician's minimum rate for a playback session on set.

Soundtrack
The soundtrack principally featured reggae music by Eddy Grant and was released by Ariston Records.

The Singing Rebel's Band consists of Eric Clapton, George Harrison, Ray Cooper, Jon Lord, Mike Moran, Chris Stainton and Ringo Starr, with backing singers Jenny Bogle and Anastasia Rodriguez. It spoofs The Concert for Bangladesh organised by Harrison in 1971.

Release
The film premiered in London in January 1985. It was briefly in the top ten box office listing - along with A Private Function - but soon dropped out. It failed to recoup its costs and could not find an American distributor. When it was released there in April 1986 it failed at the box office there too.

Reception
The film received a mixed review in the New York Times, which read in part "The folks who packaged this put-on operated on the theory that a lot of eccentric people doing nutty things produce hilarity. The ingredient missing from the fitfully amusing conglomeration of characters is a character for the whole. In kidding everything, the movie leaves us uncertain about whether anything is being seriously kidded."

The Los Angeles Times called it "so refreshingly funny that you're tempted to forgive its tendency to run dry in its last half-hour... boasts some of the wittiest lines heard on screen since A Private Function."

Dick Clement later reflected: "I'm happier with Bullshot than I am with Water. I think Water just misses. I feel it's not quite connecting in the right way. I look back on it and I'm fairly uncomfortable. For me I always did have a problem with fictional countries or places, I always like things rooted a little bit more in reality. I have a feeling that kind of thing works perhaps in fiction, but I always find that film is a very literal medium, you've got to sell stuff on the screen and I think it was larger than life in a way that isn't quite comfortable on screen and I don't think I pulled it off... And again in hindsight as much as I love Billy Connolly I think a black guy in that part would have been better. I think that would've helped the credibility of making it a Caribbean island." Michael Palin later said the financial failure of the film "was a bit of a turning point in HandMade Films, that Water was such a disaster and yet so much money was put into it. Somehow the luck ran out because judgement up to that time had been pretty good."

Home media
Water was first released on home video by Paramount Home Video on 1 February 1987. The film received its first DVD edition in North America in 2006, courtesy of Anchor Bay Entertainment.

title: Water (1985 film)


text:
Beth Hart

Beth Hart (born January 24, 1972) is an American musician from Los Angeles, California. She rose to fame with the release of her 1999 single "LA Song (Out of This Town)" from her second album Screamin' for My Supper. The single was a number one hit in New Zealand, as well as reaching the top 5 of the US Adult Contemporary and Top 10 on the Billboard Adult Top 40 charts.

Hart has had several well received collaborations with guitarist Joe Bonamassa, beginning in 2011 with Don't Explain, followed with the Grammy-nominated Seesaw (2013) and Live in Amsterdam (2014), the latter of which topped the Billboard Blues Album Chart, a chart that she has topped six times. Her latest work with Bonamassa was the 2018 album Black Coffee. Hart has had two number 1 singles in Denmark, "As Good as It Gets" and "Learning to Live", as well a double platinum-selling album, Leave the Light On.

Hart's most recent album, released in 2022, is A Tribute to Led Zeppelin, a collection of covers of Led Zeppelin songs.

Early life
Hart was born and raised in Los Angeles, California. As a 4-year-old, she began to play piano. At first, she concentrated on classical works by Bach and Beethoven, but as she grew older, she also began to play pieces by artists such as Etta James, Otis Redding and Led Zeppelin.

Regarding her childhood in an interview with Don Wilcock, Hart stated, "When I was a kid, my dad left me in a bad way, and what fucked me up the most was that he would be in the lives of my other sisters and brothers, but he wouldn't be in mine." At the age of 22, Hart lost her sister from complications of AIDS.

1987–1998: Career beginnings
Hart entered Los Angeles' High School for the Performing Arts in 10th grade as a vocal and cello major. At the prompting of a classmate, she soon began singing during open mic nights in the Belly Room of the Comedy Store.

Hart started playing clubs in Hollywood at the age of 15, and eventually enlisted bassist Tal Herzberg and guitarist Jimmy Khoury for Beth Hart and the Ocean of Souls, which was recorded in 1993. It includes "Am I the One" (which later appeared on her first official record Immortal) and a pop-rock cover of the Beatles' "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds". The first released album with the Beth Hart Band, Immortal, was released in 1996 through Atlantic, scanning 13,000 copies and featured the single "God Bless You". It also included "Am I the One", a fan favorite that ended up on her first DVD that was released in 2005. After touring the record, including at Lollapalooza in 1996, the Beth Hart Band disbanded due to infighting.

In 1993, Hart appeared on Ed McMahon's Star Search, ultimately winning the Female Vocalist competition. Hart has stated that winning the show did not land her a record deal due to the stigma associated with performing on the show, and that she had burned through the prize money she received by the time she struck a deal with Atlantic Records.

1999–2009: Commercial breakthrough
Hart's second solo album, Screamin' for My Supper was released in 1999, and featured "LA Song (Out of This Town)", a No. 1 hit in New Zealand, as well as a Top 10 Adult Contemporary chart hit in the US. The song also aired during Episode 17 of the 10th and final season of Beverly Hills, 90210. At the same time, Hart was singing the lead role in Love, Janis, an off-Broadway musical based on Joplin's letters home to her mother.

Hart's follow-up album, Leave the Light On, was released in 2003 via Koch Records, after being dropped by Atlantic presumably due to Hart's drug addiction. While still successful in New Zealand, the album saw her breakthrough in the European market, with the single "Learning to Live" reaching number 1 in Denmark, while the album achieved a 2× Platinum certification. "Learning to Live" was also used as the theme song to Losing It with Jillian on NBC. In 2003, she became the first and only musician to feature as backing vocalist for a Deep Purple song ("Haunted", released on the Bananas album).

Two years later in 2005, Hart released her first live album, Live at Paradiso, which was recorded at a former church in Amsterdam, and released both as a CD and a DVD. It featured a variety of Hart's self written songs and a cover of "Whole Lotta Love" by Led Zeppelin. Hart appears on Toots Thielemans' album One More For the Road on the track "I Gotta Right To Sing The Blues", which was released in 2006.

Hart's fourth solo studio album 37 Days was released in Europe in July 2007, and eventually as a DVD as well. The album debuted at No. 1 in Denmark and spent two weeks at the top, her first album to top a national chart, and additionally reached a Gold certification in the country. The record was her last on a major label (Universal), though it solidified her European commercial success.

2010–2014: Independent career, collaborations with Joe Bonamassa
Her fifth solo studio album My California was released in 2010, and was her first on Provogue Records. Hart delivered music for the final scene of the last episode of season 6 of Californication, with the title song of the record. On August 23, 2012, her song "Take It Easy on Me" from My California was used in the first episode of the eighth series of the BBC TV drama Waterloo Road. On July 31, 2012, the album was released in the United States. On the same date, she released an EP titled Introducing Beth Hart.

During this time, Hart collaborated with Slash on "Mother Maria", released on the iTunes version of Slash's 2010 solo album, Slash, and additionally collaborated with rapper Born on his single "It Hurts", released in February 2012. Following her tour with Jeff Beck in 2006 through the United States, she appeared with him again in December 2012, at the Kennedy Center Opera House, along with a group of blues/rock musicians, performing "I'd Rather Go Blind" in tribute to Buddy Guy, who received a 2012 Kennedy Center Honor for his lifetime of contributions to American culture. The performance received a standing ovation from President Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama, and led to the collaboration with Buddy Guy, where he recorded the song "What You Gonna Do About Me" with Hart for his album Rhythm & Blues.

In 2011, Hart collaborated with blues guitarist Joe Bonamassa on their first co-release Don't Explain, an album of blues and soul classics. The album reached number 3 on the Billboard Blues Album Chart and also went gold in the Netherlands. She additionally provided vocals for the track "No Love on the Street" on Bonamassa's Dust Bowl, which was released the same year.

The following year, Hart's release Bang Bang Boom Boom became one of her biggest commercial successes, appearing on the charts of at least 10 countries, as well as becoming her first to chart on the Billboard Blues Album Chart, climbing to Number 3. She worked with producer Kevin Shirley, whom she collaborated with for the first time on the album Don't Explain. The album was released the following year in the United States.

In 2013, Beth Hart and Joe Bonamassa released Seesaw, again produced by Kevin Shirley. The album rose to number 8 on the Billboard Top Independent Album Chart. In 2014 Hart was nominated for a Grammy Award for Seesaw and was also nominated for a Blues Music Award in the category Best Contemporary Blues Female Artist. The album additionally holds her highest peak position on the Billboard 200, reaching the Top 50.

Hart's second live album/DVD, Live in Amsterdam, was also recorded in Amsterdam, this time at the Royal Carré Theatre. Hart and Bonamassa went on a mini European tour of five shows (Bergen, Norway – London, UK – Antwerp, Belgium – Amsterdam, Netherlands), of which two were at the Carré Theatre.

In 2014, she performed once again with Jeff Beck, this time during his Australian tour as a supporting act, in addition to joining him on stage during his set.

2015–2019: Better Than Home, Fire on the Floor, Black Coffee, and War in My Mind
Hart's seventh solo studio album Better Than Home, was released on April 13, 2015, in Europe and on the following day in the US. The recording process was "painful" for Hart: the album was produced by Michael Stevens, whose cancer diagnosis pressured Hart into completing the recording of the album in just five days. In addition to this, she entered a psych ward twice while making the album. Nevertheless, the lead single "Mechanical Heart" charted at number 1 in the "iTunes Blues" song list, and the album entered the album charts in the Netherlands at number 1. In the US the album entered both the Billboard Blues Charts and iTunes Blues Charts at number 1. The album also charted in other countries: number 11 in Germany and 33 in the UK. On January 29, 2016, Hart and Jeff Beck released the single "Tell Her You Belong To Me" worldwide on iTunes, after performing the song live on Jools' Annual Hootenanny in 2015/2016 on BBC Two. They also performed "Nutbush City Limits" on the show as well. At the end of 2015, Mojo magazine ranked the album as the fourth best blues album of the year, while Hart appeared as one of the narrators for the documentary film Unity.

Hart released her eighth studio album, Fire on the Floor, on October 14, 2016, in Europe, New Zealand and Australia. For the rest of the world it was released on February 3, 2017, to coincide with her tour. Hart wrote all songs herself, except for "Let's Get Together" (with Rune Westberg) and "Fat Man" (with Glen Burtnik). The title track was released first followed by "Love Is a Lie", which is the official first single off the album.

On January 26, 2018, Beth Hart and Joe Bonamassa released Black Coffee, again produced by Kevin Shirley. The album debuted at number 1 on the US Blues Chart, and also in the Dutch album top 100.

On November 30, 2018, Hart released a live concert recording, Live at the Royal Albert Hall, as a video release and a live album on Provogue Records/Mascot Label Group. The recordings were captured in May 2018 when she performed at the Royal Albert Hall.

Hart released her ninth solo studio album, War in My Mind, on September 27, 2019, through Provogue/Mascot Label Group. The album became her highest-charting solo album in a number of European markets, including the UK where it reached the Top 20, as well as Germany, where it hit the Top 10.

2020–2022: A Tribute to Led Zeppelin
In 2021, Hart began teasing new music by hiding hints in her Spotify canvas videos. On November 12, she announced her tenth solo studio album, A Tribute to Led Zeppelin, alongside the first single, a cover of "Good Times Bad Times." The album was released on February 25, 2022, debuting at No. 1 in the Netherlands and became her highest charting solo album in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.

Artistry
Hart is known for her "visceral", "gritty", "soaring" and "dynamic" contralto vocals. Hart also plays piano, guitar, cello, bass guitar and percussion.

Describing his collaborator's performance at Blue Balls Festival in Switzerland, Joe Bonamassa told Music Radar: "I was totally knocked out by Beth. Here's this lady who's acting like I'm the cool one, and meanwhile I'm thinking, Man, she's got it all. She's the new Janis Joplin, Tina Turner - the real deal, you know?"

American pop singer Miley Cyrus lists Hart amongst her favorite singers of all time. In 2013, she told Billboard, "she's got one of the best voices, I feel like, of all time."

Personal life
Hart resides in the Silver Lake District of Los Angeles and has been married to her road manager Scott Guetzkow since March 15, 2001. David Wolff has been her manager since 1994. Hart has struggled with drug addiction and bipolar disorder, but has been sober for a number of years finding religion and practicing transcendental meditation.

Awards and nominations
At the 56th Annual Grammy Awards, Hart received a nomination for Best Blues Album with Seesaw, ultimately losing to Ben Harper and Charlie Musselwhite's Get Up!. Hart has been nominated at the Blues Music Awards for six consecutive years, ultimately winning the "Instrumentalist - Vocals" category in 2018.

Discography

 * Beth Hart and the Ocean of Souls (1993)
 * Immortal (1996)
 * Screamin' for My Supper (1999)
 * Leave the Light On (2003)
 * 37 Days (2007)
 * My California (2010)
 * Don't Explain with Joe Bonamassa (2011)
 * Bang Bang Boom Boom (2012)
 * Seesaw with Joe Bonamassa (2013)
 * Better Than Home (2015)
 * Fire on the Floor (2016)
 * Black Coffee with Joe Bonamassa (2018)
 * War in My Mind (2019)
 * A Tribute to Led Zeppelin (2022)

title: Beth Hart


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Super Star Wars

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 05:24, 9 May 2005 (UTC)

Super Star Wars series
The articles Super Star Wars, Super Empire Strikes Back and Super Return of the Jedi appear to refer to non-existent future episodes of the Star Wars franchise, or possibly to video games. Someone seems to have speedied the second one. Dbiv 16:14, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy. They are nonsense summaries of the movies with the word "super" tacked on title. Rmhermen 16:33, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy these, for the love of God in Heaven and all that is pure and good. Ground Zero 17:36, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, now that I know they are about video games, I guess I am compelled to withdraw my vote on the basis that I think that thre is room on Wikipedia for most information that is of interest to some group. It is galling that I have to do so about something that is so trivial and meaningless, especially when it is being pushed by Starblind, who has often votes for deletion of information about unsuccessful political candidates and municipal councillors who are of interest to me and others, but not to him. Vote to keep this trivial and unimportant crap. Ground Zero 21:14, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong Keep and obviously cleanup. All three are VERY well-known (and crazy-hard) games for the Super NES. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  19:57, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Note: I'm currently working on cleanup duties for these articles. I fixed Super Star Wars (suggest Keep), re-created Super Empire Strikes Back (suggest Keep), and as for Super Return of the Jedi I recommend a redirect to Super Star Wars: Return of the Jedi which I just created. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  21:09, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Notable video games, however a couple of the articles need to be properly formatted for redirects. 23skidoo 21:08, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, Keep, and Keep. Notable. — Xezbeth 21:17, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * keep them all please Yuckfoo 01:16, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep all, notable. Megan1967 07:22, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Super Keep all. N-Mantalk 10:55, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, Google clearly establishes existence. Notable video games belong on Wikipedia.-LtNOWIS 03:27, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep on the first two. Redirect on the third. This series is both notable and memorable. Nestea 00:44, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. This series is certainly notable, and its existence is verifiable.  A Man In Black 10:21, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Category:Local government in Somerset

The administrative county of Somerset is divided into five local government districts. The administratively independent unitary authorities of North Somerset and Bath and North East Somerset are also part of the ceremonial county of Somerset.

title: Category:Local government in Somerset


text:
Olivos

Olivos may refer to:

 * Olivos, Argentina, a city located on the Rio de la Plata region of South America
 * Los Olivos District, a district of the Lima Province in Peru
 * Los Olivos, California, an unincorporated place in Santa Barbara County, California
 * Quinta de Olivos, a residential house of the president of Argentina
 * Olivos metro station, a Mexico City Metro station

title: Olivos


text:
Talk:Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs/Preamble

 * From http://www.incb.org/e/conv/1961/

The Parties,

Concerned with the health and welfare of mankind,

Recognizing that the medical use of narcotic drugs continues to be indispensable for the relief of pain and suffering and that adequate provision must be made to ensure the availability of narcotic drugs for such purposes,

Recognizing that addiction to narcotic drugs constitutes a serious evil for the individual and is fraught with social and economic danger to mankind,

Conscious of their duty to prevent and combat this evil,

Considering that effective measures against abuse of narcotic drugs require co-ordinated and universal action,

Understanding that such universal action calls for international co-operation guided by the same principles and aimed at common objectives,

Acknowledging the competence of the United Nations in the field of narcotics control and desirous that the international organs concerned should be within the framework of that Organization,

Desiring to conclude a generally acceptable international convention replacing existing treaties on narcotic drugs, limiting such drugs to medical and scientific use, and providing for continuous international co-operation and control for the achievement of such aims and objectives,

Hereby agree as follows:


text:
User:Opterongeek

Homepage:

title: User:Opterongeek


text:
User:Phatcat68

Today's date is Monday, July 29, 2024

Send me a new message here

Newest Updates: My About Me section has been updated (September 18, 2005)

 * I just checked my page (May 6, 2006) and found that some immature people have vandalized my page. PLEASE have respect for other people's opinions and for the Word of God and do not vandalize my statements straight from the Word of God. Thank you!

"We ought to obey God rather than men." (Acts 5:29)

My Issues with how Wikipedia treats Christianity

I have found that Wikipedia wants us to have a NPOV (Neutral Point of View) on Christianity as well as other "religions". With Christianity, there is no NPOV on Christianity. You are either saved and going to heaven or lost and going to hell. Nobody will be able to "straddle the fence". Everybody will have to choose and if they do not choose Jesus Christ then they will be choosing Satan and will go to hell for eternity. That is the way it is. Not too pleasant if you do not choose Christ, but those are the facts.

True Christianity is admitting you are a sinner who cannot get to heaven except for trusting Jesus as your Lord and Saviour, repenting of your sin (which means to change your sinful habits), trusting that He died for your sins and rose again the 3rd day and being "born again" (see John 3-it is not a modern term) as a new person in Christ. That means that you change your ways, follow what The True Word of God (The King James Version of The Bible) says and following it. Another big problem I have was Biblical figures being removed from my Born-again Christians category because the term born-again is a newer term. That term was used by Jesus in Matthew 3:1-8 to describe getting saved, so it is not a newer term. Those people (his 12 disciples (minus Judas Iscariot), Saul of Tarsus, etc.) all were His followers, so they were born again.

Farewell (August 24, 2005)
I am definately leaving Wikpedia (August 24, 2005). Some other Christians attempted to help me out with the arguments for "true Christianity" but other people on Wikipedia (sadly, some of them claim to be Christians) overruled us and Wikipedia has erroneous articles on Christianity. I even had evidence from Biblical verses to support every argument I made, but nobody would listen. I will be praying for those people to see the Truth of Jesus Christ as they will have to answer to Him on Judgment Day for distorting the Truth if they do not change.

Update (September 6, 2005)
Since leaving Wikipedia, I do not have any regrets other than people not being able to see that Jesus Christ is our Lord and Saviour and the only way to heaven. The Lord has shown me that I was wasting my time that should be spent for Him on Wikipedia, especially since nobody will listen to the truth! In a million years, it won't matter who is the World Champion or who won the World Series. The only thing that will matter is if we are eternally happy with Jesus in heaven or eternally suffering alone in hell. That's it. I have been blessed to be able to do more for the Lord since leaving because I have so much more free time. Praise the Lord for that! I pray that you all will see that Jesus is the only way to eternal life and happiness and that hell is a very bad and lonely place! I will be occasionally back to check my talk page and to add any truths as the Lord directs me. I most likely will not be a regular editor again though as Wikipedia takes so much time away from serving the Lord.

About me
Phatcat68 (Eric Illikainen) is from Charleston, West Virginia (raised in Cross Lanes, West Virginia). I am a college-educated (Glenville State College) former Federal Bureau of Investigation employee and am very patriotic for my country, the United States. I am also a huge fan of Major League Baseball, American football (I like the National Football League and liked the now-defunct United States Football League) and 1980's era professional wrestling. I am not into the current era of pro wrestling as most of it conflicts with my faith.

I am a born-again Christian that will not bend in his faith anymore due to the people who seem to run Wikipedia being totally against true Bible-believing Christianity. I will always stand up for my beliefs as they are real and are the most important thing in my life! I will not bend in my faith just because people on Wikipedia want to straddle the fence and be neutral...believe me, Jesus will not be neutral when we stand before Him after we die. We will go to heaven to be with Him forever or go to hell to be tortured and alone forever!

My hobbies are reading my King James Version of The Bible, playing American football, baseball, basketball, softball and I sometimes "attempt" to play golf and tennis, but I should really stay away from the latter two sports as I am not very good at either of them.

I have been told a couple of times that I should create my own blog to express my beliefs. I did as of November 26, 2005 and here is the link: http://blog.360.yahoo.com/blog/ Feel free to check it out & thanks for the suggestions!

I am here

My Links

 * Here is more about my beliefs:
 * User:Phatcat68/Favorite things

 * Here are several myths debunked:
 * User:Phatcat68/Myths Debunked page

Edits

 * Total # of edits and pages edited on Wikipedia: click here

 * Current list position on editing Main namespaces: # 161 (this was last updated for June edits)

 * Current list position on editing All namespaces: # 240 (this was last updated for June edits)

 * My Contributions: click here

What I do edits to

 * Archive to the articles I've contributed to

 * Archive to the pages I created

 * Archive to my To Do list

Awards

WikiProjects

 * WikiProject Professional wrestling (off project since 8-9-05)

title: User:Phatcat68


text: User talk:208.13.158.2

title: User talk:208.13.158.2


text:
PFA Scotland Young Player of the Year

The PFA Scotland Young Player of the Year, formerly known as the Scottish PFA Young Player of the Year, is named at the end of every Scottish football season. The members of the Professional Footballers' Association Scotland vote on which of its young members played the best football in the previous year. The award was first given in 1978, to Graeme Payne. The Bulgarian international Stiliyan Petrov was the first non-Scottish player to win the award, when he did so in 2001.

List of winners
As of 2024, the award has been presented 46 times and won by 41 different players. Kieran Tierney (3), Craig Levein (2), Eoin Jess (2) and Phil O'Donnell (2) are the players who have won the award more than once.

title: PFA Scotland Young Player of the Year


text:
Wikipedia talk:Articles for deletion/Milan Nalina

I created the page because Milan Nalina has a small "cult" following among fitness women nuts and I had a little bit of info about her. I was hoping that somebody with more info on her would add it later on. It's not a big deal if it is deleted & I apologize if I shouldn't have added it. Phatcat68


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HK Express

Hong Kong Express Airways Limited (HKE), commonly known as Hong Kong Express or HK Express,    is a Hong Kong–based low-cost airline fully owned by Cathay Pacific Airways. It provides scheduled air service to 27 destinations in Asia, including Cambodia, China, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam. The airline's main hub at Hong Kong International Airport uses a fleet that consists exclusively of the Airbus A320 and A321 family. The company slogan is Gotta Go (replacing Your Move).

The head office of HK Express is located in Cathay House, 11 Tung Fai Road, Hong Kong International Airport, Chek Lap Kok, Hong Kong.

2004–2006: Founding
Hong Kong Express Airways Limited was incorporated on 10 March 2004, with the former Chinese name, added on 21 April 2004. The airline was owned by Macau casino entrepreneur Stanley Ho. In July 2004, Hong Kong's helicopter operator Heli Hong Kong officially announced plans to commence fixed-wing operation via Hong Kong Express, to become Hong Kong's fourth passenger airline. It was planning to introduce regional jet services to secondary cities in mainland China and was in negotiations with Bombardier and Embraer for the lease of several 50- or 70-seat regional jets. In April 2005, the airline was granted permission to transport passengers, cargo and mail from Hong Kong to selected destinations in China and permitted to apply for traffic rights to serve 15 Chinese cities. The next month, it received approval to operate scheduled air services to five cities in China, including Chongqing, Guangzhou, Hangzhou, Nanjing and Ningbo. The airline had its Air Operator's Certificate varied in July 2005 for the operation of Embraer 170 aircraft. The same month, it took delivery of its first of four 76-seat twin-jet Embraer 170, leased from General Electric Commercial Aviation Services (GECAS), and became the Asian launch operator of this regional jet. Two more aircraft were delivered in 2005, with the remaining delivered in May 2006.

The airline's initial use of its first Embraer 170 was on charter services to Taichung, Taiwan, on 3 September 2005. The first scheduled passenger services began to Guangzhou on 8 September 2005, with services to Hangzhou and Ningbo following in October 2005 and December 2005, respectively. On 19 November 2005, Hong Kong Air Transport Licensing Authority (ATLA) granted the airline additional licences to operate scheduled services to 16 destinations in mainland China, as well as Koh Samui, Okinawa, Siem Reap and Taichung. Scheduled passenger services to Chiang Mai and Chongqing were inaugurated on 22 June 2006 and 31 July 2006, respectively.

2006–2013: Acquired by HNA and expansion
On 3 August 2006, HNA Group, the parent company of Hainan Airlines, announced a finalised agreement to acquire a 45 percent stake in Hong Kong Express; this followed an earlier purchase of a 45 percent holdings in CR Airways in June. Under the terms of the agreement, the airline would remain a Hong Kong registered airline and there would be no changes to the current operations. Analysts said that the HNA Group had the weakest international network amongst all the mainland airlines. By purchasing both Hong Kong Express and CR Airways, it would enable Hainan Airlines to expand internationally via its junior partners from Hong Kong.

On 23 January 2008, the airline was the third Hong Kong carrier permitted by the Civil Aviation Department to operate flights to and from Beijing and Shanghai. To facilitate the expansion, it announced that six Boeing 737-800 would be added to its fleet before the end of the year.

2013–2019: Low-cost carrier transformation
On 26 June 2013, Hong Kong Express announced its intention to transform into a low-cost carrier (LCC), and renamed to "HK Express", under the direction of deputy CEO Andrew Cowen. Hong Kong Express' first flights as a LCC commenced 27 October 2013, to five destinations in Asia. The airline has since added routes to Tokyo, Penang, Osaka, Fukuoka, Seoul and Busan. There are plans for the airline's fleet to increase by five Airbus A320 in 2014, taking the total number of aircraft to 11 within the year and with a longer-term aim of having over 30 Airbus A320 by 2018.

On 19 July 2017, during the annual Hong Kong Book Fair, HK Express launched an activities planning service known as U-Explore in collaboration with Hong Kong-based travel activities booking platform, Klook.

On 9 November 2017, HK Express was banned by the Civil Aviation Department from adding new flights, routes or aircraft until 30 April 2018. This followed the cancellation of 18 flights to Osaka, Nagoya and Seoul during National Day Golden Week that year, affecting about 2,000 passengers. However, the delivery of four new aircraft was later permitted, provided they were used on existing routes only.

2019–present: Acquisition by Cathay Pacific
Cathay Pacific executives confirmed in late February 2019 that it was in "active discussions" about its interest of a full or partial takeover of HK Express from current owner HNA Group, although an agreement had yet to be reached at the time.

On 25 March 2019, the South China Morning Post reported that Cathay Pacific had agreed to buy the airline.

On 27 March 2019, Cathay Pacific agreed to take over HK Express for HK$4.93 billion (US$628 million), with the transaction to close by the end of 2019. At the time, HK Express operated 23 Airbus A320 aircraft on 25 routes from Hong Kong to Japan and Southeast Asia with a net asset value of HK$1.12 billion, while the airline recorded a profit of HK$60 million in 2017, but recorded a loss of HK$141 million in 2018. The acquisition will be paid with HK$2.25 billion in cash and HK$2.68 billion in promissory loan notes, and HK Express will subsequently withdraw from U-FLY Alliance. By the time the acquisition transaction is completed, HK Express will become Cathay Pacific's wholly owned subsidiary. Following the acquisition, Cathay Pacific has stated that it intends to continue the operation of HK Express as a stand-alone low-cost carrier separate from its existing full-service operations.

However, according to the announcement, a firm of solicitors acting for a shareholder of an intermediate holding company of HK Express, has contested the seller's entry into an agreement for the transaction. It also states that Cathay Pacific has the right to terminate the share purchase if proceedings are commenced to prevent the transaction. The contesting party is widely believed to be the chairman and the major shareholder of HK Express, Zhong Guosong, who has clarified that he has no intention to sell the company and will potentially launch legal action regarding the sale.

On 19 July 2019, Cathay Pacific announced the acquisition of Hong Kong Express Airways had been completed. HK Express is now a wholly owned subsidiary of Cathay Pacific. However, HK Express will continue to operate as a low-cost carrier stand-alone airline.

Impact of COVID-19 and aftermath
HK Express suspended all flight operations from 23 March to 30 April 2020 due to reduced demand caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

On 10 June 2020, HK Express announced another suspension of flight operations, which was followed with a Flight Operations Resumption Plan, and announced resumption of all operations gradually from 2 August 2020.

HK Express has then recovered, despite ongoing pandemic in Hong Kong, and announced new services to Taipei, Kaohsiung, and Singapore.

Business trends
The key trends for HK Express are (as of the financial year ending 31 December):

Headquarters
The current head office is in the Cathay House (formerly known as Dragonair House and Cathay Dragon House) at Hong Kong International Airport in Chek Lap Kok.

The head office of HK Express was previously located at One Citygate in Tung Chung, Lantau.

Senior leadership

 * Chairman: Ronald Lam (since August 2019)
 * Chief Executive: Jeanette Mao (since April 2023)

List of former chairmen

 * 1) Stanley Ho (2004–2007)
 * 2) Ronnie Choi (2007–2008)
 * 3) Yang Jianhong (2008–2013)
 * 4) Jimmy Ma (2014–2017)
 * 5) Zhong Guosong (2017–2019)
 * 6) Rupert Hogg (2019)

List of former chief executives

 * 1) Andrew Tse (2004–2007)
 * 2) Kalid Razack (2007–2015)
 * 3) Andrew Cowen (2015–2017)
 * 4) Li Dianchun (2017–2018)
 * 5) Luo Cheng (2018–2019)
 * 6) Ronald Lam (2019)
 * 7) Mandy Ng (2019–2023)

Destinations
These destinations are currently served by HK Express.

Current fleet
, HK Express operates an all-Airbus fleet composed of the following aircraft:

Fleet development
In December 2015, HK Express signed a firm agreement with Norwegian unit Arctic Aviation Assets to lease 12 A320neo to be delivered between 2016 and 2018. A separate agreement for 10 A321-200s was also signed with another lessor. In December 2016, the first A320neo entered the fleet.

In November 2019, Cathay Pacific announced that Hong Kong Express will receive 16 Airbus A321neo aircraft with expected deliveries from 2022 onwards. The first A321neo was delivered in March 2023.

Former fleet
HK Express has previously operated the following aircraft:

First livery
The first livery features a white fuselage with a blue engine and wingtip. The words "Hong Kong Express" are painted under the windows, with its former name "港聯航空" at the rear door.

Second livery
The second livery features the standard HNA Group airline livery, almost identical with the livery of Hong Kong Airlines, with the golden bauhinia design on its logo. The only difference is the word "Express" in block letters painted under the windows.

Third livery
The third livery of Hong Kong Express followed the logo redesign of the airline. It features a white fuselage with a purple and red theme, and has a Hong Kong city silhouette in purple on the tail.

Current livery
In 2023, as part of a complete rebranding, a new livery was introduced. The image of the iconic HK skyline was removed and replaced by a stylized “e” on the tail. That same “e” logo will also be applied to the winglets, as well as the bottom of the aircraft.

Loyalty programme
On 14 April 2016, Hong Kong Express launched a loyalty programme named "Reward-U". Flights and gifts can be redeemed on the official website. The programme is free to join, only individuals two years old or above can join the programme. Each eligible Hong Kong Dollar spend earns ten points, but U-Biz passengers can earn 20 points per dollar spent. At most five members can form a reward-U crew to consolidate the points. Reward-U officially ceased its operations on 31 December 2019, merging with AsiaMiles.

Sudden flight cancellation
On 29 September 2017, HK Express suddenly cancelled 18 flights to Osaka, Nagoya and Incheon on 1 and 8 October without any notice. Because the flights cancelled covered the National Day of China and Mid-Autumn Festival holidays, 2,070 passengers were affected. HK Express felt extremely sorry for the inconvenience caused, and proposed a series of alternative solutions for the affected passengers, like travelling on another airline, changing travel dates, changing destination and a full refund. The Civil Aviation Department was unsatisfied by the behaviour of HK Express, and required the airline to submit a detailed report regarding the causes, short-term and long-term solutions to the incidents.

Inappropriate promotion methods
In July 2018, HK Express was found posting advertisements under street signposts, with QR codes available for citizens to scan to get information and participate in games to win prizes. The advertisements did not show the airline's name nor its logo; however, names of Japanese places were shown. District council members said that these materials might cause chaos and mislead citizens, due to the fact that Highways Department strictly prohibits organisations from posting anything on their signposts. HK Express apologised for organising this activity, stopped the activity on 18 July 2018, and removed the advertisements.

Incidents
To date, HK Express has never had a fatality or a hull loss incident.

 * On 12 August 2020, two non-operating Airbus A321s collided while being towed.
 * On 3 January 2023, flight UO600 heading from Hong Kong to Fukuoka, Japan, descended from 35,000 to 8,000 feet 40 minutes into the flight due to a change in cabin pressure, before turning back and landing safely at Hong Kong International Airport.

title: HK Express