text:
Talk:List of minerals recognized by the International Mineralogical Association

Important
This list is now generated automatically by an export process from mindat.org.

You should NOT add new minerals on this list (well, to be fair, you can add them, but you need to be prepared to see them vanish when we next reimport). If a mineral you add is NOT listed on mindat.org please contact me (Jolyon Ralph) to make sure it gets updated on both here and mindat.org.

To update the list yourself you can retrieve the source fragment from:

http://www.mindat.org/wikilist.php

This provides data in the format suitable for this page, and it is free to use in any project you wish.--Jolyonralph 20:15, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Discussion
This whole page is a little misleading, as I've stated on the page, there is no 'genuine' complete list of minerals. The IMA list from mindat.org is reasonably up to date, but you will need to update this site from that list regularly. And if you think something is missing, then let me know so I can fix it here and at mindat.org, otherwise it might get wiped on the next update.

I removed Axinite because it's NOT a valid mineral name now, Axinite is a group name consisting of Ferroaxinite and Manganaxinite.

Also, at the moment you must put the date the list was taken from mindat.org
 * Done Vsmith 15:35, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

If someone can come up with a clever way to import this list into wiki automatically, I'm happy to make it work. I can set up an xml export, or an rss feed, or any such thing on mindat.org --Jolyonralph 04:03, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * That clever way to import would be neat, I imported the list into Wordperfect in chunks & used a simple macro to wikify last Nov. but it would be great for updates. I haven't checked Mindat to see how much has changed since Nov. probably needs an update? Vsmith 15:35, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Ok, here's my suggestion - I write a new page on mindat.org that exports the mineral list as wiki source code with formatting, so it can be just copied and pasted straight into this page whenever we want to update (suggest at least once a month). My only concerns are (a) are the numbers of any benefit at all? I suspect not, and bullet points may be better, and (b) the page is getting rather long, shouldn't we split it into A-Z pages? --Jolyonralph 17:44, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Sounds good to me. The numbers are not important, I used # originaly as a simple count - not needed. Yes, it is quite long so a sub-division might be worth doing. I did this in my preliminary work - still there User:Vsmith/experimental, but combined them all for the page move. Vsmith 04:49, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

The page is a bit broken at the moment - seems to have been duplicated half way down. Probably my fault. Don't spend lots of time on it, I'll fix it within the next few hours. --Jolyonralph 17:17, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Question
Since this list is created automagically with a script, would it not be possible to also create the relevant pages for the minerals with a redirect to mindat.org, as long as there are no Wikipages with original content for the minerals? Besides, I do not really see the point of duplicating in Wikipedia what is already available in Mindat.

Moumine 07:44, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * The list is a handy ref. here as it not only lists all minerals currently recognized, but shows by the (currently rather rare) blue links the ones w/ wiki articles. Maybe an auto-created external link following each mineral name to the mindat article for that mineral?
 * This gives wiki based mineralogists or those interested in minerals a reference and starting point for creating mineral articles which should reference not only Mindat, but also webmineral.com and mineral.galleries as well as text references. Vsmith 15:29, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Possible example:

and so on... Vsmith 17:16, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) Abelsonite
 * 2) Abenakiite-(Ce)
 * 3) Abernathyite
 * 4) Abhurite
 * 5) Abswurmbachite
 * 6) Acanthite

Yes, your suggestion is good. Would it be feasable in an automated way?

Moumine 20:20, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I've automated the code at http://www.mindat.org/wikilist.php to produce the output as you suggest - my only concern now is that it will make the page much bigger - which is why I haven't yet pasted the output into the page - if concensus is that it's not a problem then let me know and I'll do it, or feel free to copy and use the content right now. I've only added links for mindat and webmineral.com - I thought adding a third would be overkill. --Jolyonralph 00:14, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Impressive! Now the size will probably be a problem. Current file checks in at 67 kb, which is longer than reccomended but no big deal with sectioning. However the linked version is more than 5 times that (saved as plain ASCII on my HD) - those links take space. So it would seem advisable to break it into sections, maybe 7?

 * A-B 486 minerals
 * C-E 547
 * F-J 683
 * K-M 697
 * N-R 654
 * S-T 590
 * U-Z 343
 * assuming my arithmetic is right. Should work out to about 60 kb ea. Any comments or ideas here? Vsmith 02:27, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Sounds good to me! --Jolyonralph 02:41, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I have just seen the result, it is impressive!, thanks for the work and all my congratulations Moumine 23:27, 4 May 2005 (UTC)

Checking - I
I'm checking the entries. List of minerals U-Z (complete) and List of minerals F-J (complete) are done. I didn't want to import the Mindat.org list again as the very rare minerals aren't notable enough, in my opinion. --Chris.urs-o (talk) 08:17, 18 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Report
 * Handbook of Minerals - Chadwickite, the file name got BAD added on the name end. Don't know what it means, so I added "bad" as well on the link. --Chris.urs-o (talk) 19:44, 15 April 2011 (UTC)
 * I could swear that Veatchite-A disappeared from the RRUFF Project database between May and July 2011. --Chris.urs-o (talk) 16:38, 3 July 2011 (UTC)
 * I changed my mind, adding almost all valid minerals after IMA Database of Mineral Properties/ RRUFF Project, but the invalid ones of the pyrochlore group, the IMA number ones and the valid names of the IMA Era intermediate members of a solid-solution series and of the hypothetical amphiboles. --Chris.urs-o (talk) 20:05, 4 May 2011 (UTC)
 * Other exemptions:

 * Fluoro-leakeite (2009-012 not 2009-085),
 * Menzerite-(Y) (2009-050),
 * Ferrikatophorite (Leake B E 1978), discontinued amphibole name at Leake B E et al. (1997), after mindat.org
 * Davidite-(Y) (Zhabin A G et al. 1963), doubtful/questionable status on mindat.org. It was valid (Levinson A A 1966), at this time it wasn't known that Davidite-(La) from Vishnevye Mts has Y and REE at different sites of the crystal cell. Webmineral.com redirects it to gramaccioliite-(Y)

 * The discredited minerals of the pyrochlore supergroup are still on the list. The revision was 2010, just too recent. PS: many discredited ones, just got renamed and redefined.
 * Destinezite redirects to Diadochite. Destinezite was redefined as the crystalline counterpart of amorphous Diadochite (pre-IMA: 1837), don't know if the redirect should go on the other direction.

 * Attention with the polymorphs:
 * S: sulphur 01.CC.05, beta-sulphur 01.??, rosickyite 01.CC.05
 * HgS: cinnabar 02.CD.15a, metacinnabar 02.CB.05a, hypercinnabar 02.CD.15b
 * TiO2: rutile 04.DB.05, anatase 04.DD.05, brookite 04.DD.10, akaogiite 04.??, (TiO2 II)N 04.??
 * tistarite, Ti2O3 04.CB.05
 * Al(OH)3, doyleite 04.FE.10, bayerite 04.FE.10, gibbsite 04.FE.10, nordstrandite 04.FE.10
 * Tourmaline supergroup: luinaite-(OH) (monoclinic, distorted tourmaline) and sSchorl (trigonal), 09.CK.05
 * SiO2: β-quartz (not an IMA approved mineral), quartz 04.DA.05, coesite 04.DA.35, cristobalite 04.DA.15, lechatelieriteN (amorphous) 04.DA.30, mogánite 04.DA.20, seifertite 04.DA.50, stishovite 04.DA.40, tridymite 04.DA.10
 * Fe2+Ta2O6: tapiolite-(Fe) 04.DB.10 (tetragonal), tantalite-(Fe) 04.DB.35 (orthorhombic)
 * Mn2+Ta2O6: tapiolite-(Mn) 04.DB.10 (tetragonal), tantalite-(Mn) 04.DB.35 (orthorhombic)

 * Chemical formulas:

 * Questionable redirects:
 * Overite to segelerite (User:Ping 2006)
 * Juonniite to segelerite (User:Ping 2006)
 * Ferro-anthophyllite to anthophyllite (User:Ping 2006)
 * Zhonghuacerite-(Ce) to kukharenkoite-(Ce) (User:Ping 2006)
 * Goosecreekite to silicate minerals (User:NJA 2010)
 * Ferrosilite to enstatite (User:Andreww 2004)
 * Rhodizite to borate minerals (User:Nergaal 2010)

Checking - II

 * Nickel-Strunz class 09 - Silicates and Germanates:
 * A (72), B (72), C (100), D (37), E (44), F (111), G (57), H (60), I (17), J (23), K (76), L (57), M (119), N (48), O (32), P (96), Q (3), R (38), S (107), T (75), U (9), V (25), W (23), X (1), Y (13), Z (15)
 * Trend: (1,004 + 147)/ (3,448 + 147) = c. 32%
 * Trend: (1,004 + 147 + 1205 * 0.32)/ (3,448 + 147 + 1205) = c. 32% (one third)
 * Σ: approx. 27.5% (1330/4841)

 * Groupings:
 * Borate minerals: Rhodizite (redirect page), Londonite (redirect page)
 * Serpentine subgroup: Antigorite (redirect page), Lizardite (redirect page)
 * Chlorite group: Clinochlorite (redirect page), Viridite (redirect page), Clinochlore (redirect page), Nimite (redirect page), Pennantite (redirect page), Baileychlore (redirect page), Cookeite (redirect page), Donbassite (redirect page), Gonyerite (redirect page), Odinite (redirect page), Sudoite (redirect page), Orthochamosite (redirect page)
 * Tantalite: Ferrotantalite (redirect page), Manganotantalite (redirect page), Tantalite-(Mn) (redirect page), Tantalite-(Fe) (redirect page)
 * Nepheline: Nephelite (redirect page), Elaeolite (redirect page), Kaliophilite (redirect page)
 * Garnet: Ugrandite (redirect page), Pyralspite (redirect page), Schorlomite (redirect page)
 * List of minerals (synonyms): Yttrobetafite-(Y)* (redirect page), Yttropyrochlore-(Y)* (redirect page), Uranmicrolite* (redirect page), Uranpyrochlore* (redirect page), Stetefeldtite* (redirect page), Partzite? (redirect page), Plumbobetafite* (redirect page), Plumbomicrolite* (redirect page), Plumbopyrochlore* (redirect page), Natrobistantite* (redirect page), Monimolite* (redirect page), Jixianite* (redirect page), Ferritungstite* (redirect page), Alumotungstite* (redirect page), Calciobetafite* (redirect page), Ceriopyrochlore-(Ce)* (redirect page), Bariomicrolite* (redirect page), Bariopyrochlore* (redirect page), Bindheimite* (redirect page), Bismutostibiconite* (redirect page), Bismutopyrochlore* (redirect page), Bismutomicrolite* (redirect page), Cuproroméite? (redirect page)
 * Redefinitions: oxycalciopyrochlore (red. stibiobetafite*), hydropyrochlore (red. kalipyrochlore*), hydroxykenomicrolite (red. cesstibtantite*), oxystannomicrolite (red. stannomicrolite*), oxystibiomicrolite (red. stibiomicrolite*), hydroxycalcioromeite (red. lewisite (mineral)*)

 * Check 'IMA Master List (January 2014)', up to 'IMA 2012-NNN': Z, X, O, Y, U, Q, W, V, N, R, T, J, E, D, G, P, L, H, I, A, S, F, C, K, B, M
 * Check 'IMA Master List (July 2014)', up to 'IMA 2013-NNN': A to Z
 * Check 'IMA Master List (September 2014)': done
 * Check 'IMA Master List (September 2015)', up to 'IMA 2014-NNN': A to Z

 * Commons got 1,501 (1,517-16) categories (minerals)
 * IMA Database of Mineral Properties/ RRUFF Project lists:
 * 4,741 minerals (4,499 valid species, it includes some varieties and polytypes, June 2011)
 * of which: 240 minerals aren't valid yet, 35 are just IMA numbers and 1,627 are pre-IMA minerals
 * 4,773 minerals (4,532 valid species, it includes some varieties and polytypes, end June 2011)
 * 4,858 minerals (4,619 valid species, it includes some varieties and polytypes, end February 2012)
 * 4,913 minerals (4,663 valid species, it includes some varieties and polytypes, end August 2012)
 * 4,934 minerals (4,683 valid species, it includes some varieties and polytypes, end February 2013)
 * 5,029 minerals (4,858 valid species, it includes some varieties and polytypes, end September 2013)
 * 5,063 minerals (4,891 valid species, it includes some varieties and polytypes, end January 2014)
 * 4,962 currently valid species, 'IMA Master List (September 2014)'
 * 5,166 minerals (4,962 valid species, it includes some varieties and polytypes, middle December 2014)
 * 5,274 minerals (5,068 valid species, it includes some varieties and polytypes, end November 2015)
 * 5,350 minerals (5,141 valid species, it includes some varieties and polytypes, end July 2016)
 * 5,144 currently valid species, 'IMA Master List (May 2016)'
 * 5,525 minerals, middle November 2017 (5,291 valid species, September 2017)

 * Parts of the list of minerals (complete):
 * A (68+149+143-0); subtotal: 360 "items"
 * First Strunz.ok, Commons.ok
 * IMA2011.ok, IMA2012.ok*, IMA2013.ok, IMA2014.ok, IMA2015.ok, IMA2016.ok, IMA2017.ok, IMA2018.
 * Simple chemical formula and final Strunz
 * B (94+75+113+97-(brammallite, biotite series and betafite group)-0); subtotal: 376 "items"
 * First Strunz.ok, Commons.ok
 * IMA2011.ok, IMA2012.ok*, IMA2013.ok, IMA2014.ok, IMA2015.ok, IMA2016.ok, IMA2017.ok, IMA2018.
 * Simple chemical formula and final Strunz
 * C (127+157+116+66-0); subtotal: 466 "items"
 * First Strunz.ok, Commons.ok
 * IMA2011.ok, IMA2012.ok*, IMA2013.ok, IMA2014.ok, IMA2015.ok, IMA2016.ok, IMA2017.ok, IMA2018.
 * Simple chemical formula and final Strunz
 * D (178-0); subtotal: 178 "items"
 * First Strunz.ok, Commons.ok
 * IMA2011.ok, IMA2012.ok*, IMA2013.ok, IMA2014.ok, IMA2015.ok, IMA2016.ok, IMA2017.ok, IMA2018.
 * Simple chemical formula and final Strunz
 * E (134-0); subtotal: 134 "items"
 * First Strunz.ok, Commons.ok
 * IMA2011.ok, IMA2012.ok*, IMA2013.ok, IMA2014.ok, IMA2015.ok, IMA2016.ok, IMA2017.ok, IMA2018.
 * Simple chemical formula and final Strunz (E)
 * F (169+91+57-0); subtotal: 317 "items"
 * First Strunz.ok, Commons.ok
 * IMA2011.ok, IMA2012.ok*, IMA2013.ok, IMA2014.ok, IMA2015.ok, IMA2016.ok, IMA2017.ok, IMA2018.
 * Simple chemical formula and final Strunz
 * G (90+150-(glauconite series)-0); subtotal: 239 "items"
 * First Strunz.ok, Commons.ok
 * IMA2011.ok, IMA2012.ok*, IMA2013.ok, IMA2014.ok, IMA2015.ok, IMA2016.ok, IMA2017.ok, IMA2018.
 * Simple chemical formula and final Strunz
 * H (129+152-0); subtotal: 281 "items"
 * First Strunz.ok, Commons.ok
 * IMA2011.ok, IMA2012.ok*, IMA2013.ok, IMA2014.ok, IMA2015.ok, IMA2016.ok, IMA2017.ok, IMA2018.
 * Simple chemical formula and final Strunz
 * I (84-(illite series)-0); subtotal: 83 "items"
 * First Strunz.ok, Commons.ok
 * IMA2011.ok, IMA2012.ok*, IMA2013.ok, IMA2014.ok, IMA2015.ok, IMA2016.ok, IMA2017.ok, IMA2018.
 * Simple chemical formula and final Strunz (I)
 * J (107-0); subtotal: 107 "items"
 * First Strunz.ok, Commons.ok
 * IMA2011.ok, IMA2012.ok*, IMA2013.ok, IMA2014.ok, IMA2015.ok, IMA2016.ok, IMA2017.ok, IMA2018.
 * Simple chemical formula and final Strunz (J)
 * K (78+88+57+73-kamacite); subtotal: 295 "items"
 * First Strunz.ok, Commons.ok
 * IMA2011.ok, IMA2012.ok*, IMA2013.ok, IMA2014.ok, IMA2015.ok, IMA2016.ok, IMA2017.ok, IMA2018.
 * Simple chemical formula and final Strunz (K)
 * L (126+110-(lepidolite series)-0); subtotal: 235 "items"
 * First Strunz.ok, Commons.ok
 * IMA2011.ok, IMA2012.ok*, IMA2013.ok, IMA2014.ok, IMA2015.ok, IMA2016.ok, IMA2017.ok, IMA2018.
 * Simple chemical formula and final Strunz
 * M (204+128+157-(melilite and microlite group)-(manganese)); subtotal: 487 "items"
 * First Strunz.ok, Commons.ok
 * IMA2011.ok, IMA2012.ok*, IMA2013.ok, IMA2014.ok, IMA2015.ok, IMA2016.ok, IMA2017.ok, IMA2018.
 * Simple chemical formula and final Strunz
 * N (197-0); subtotal: 197 "items"
 * First Strunz.ok, Commons.ok
 * IMA2011.ok, IMA2012.ok*, IMA2013.ok, IMA2014.ok, IMA2015.ok, IMA2016.ok, IMA2017.ok, IMA2018.
 * Simple chemical formula and final Strunz
 * O (120-0); subtotal: 120 "items"
 * First Strunz.ok, Commons.ok
 * IMA2011.ok, IMA2012.ok*, IMA2013.ok, IMA2014.ok, IMA2015.ok, IMA2016.ok, IMA2017.ok, IMA2018.
 * Simple chemical formula and final Strunz (O)
 * P (130+106+58+139-(pyrochlore group)-0), Q (19-0); subtotal: 451 "items"
 * First Strunz.ok, Commons.ok
 * IMA2011.ok, IMA2012.ok*, IMA2013.ok, IMA2014.ok, IMA2015.ok, IMA2016.ok, IMA2017.ok, IMA2018.
 * Simple chemical formula and final Strunz (P, Q)
 * R (83+131-(roméite group)-(rhenium)); subtotal: 212 "items"
 * First Strunz.ok, Commons.ok
 * IMA2011.ok, IMA2012.ok*, IMA2013.ok, IMA2014.ok, IMA2015.ok, IMA2016.ok, IMA2017.ok, IMA2018.
 * Simple chemical formula and final Strunz (R)
 * S (70+101+140+158-(serpentine subgroup)-0); subtotal: 468 "items"
 * First Strunz.ok, Commons.ok
 * IMA2011.ok, IMA2012.ok*, IMA2013.ok, IMA2014.ok, IMA2015.ok, IMA2016.ok, IMA2017.ok, IMA2018.
 * Simple chemical formula and final Strunz (S)
 * T (107+70+126-0); subtotal: 303 "items"
 * First Strunz.ok, Commons.ok
 * IMA2011.ok, IMA2012.ok*, IMA2013.ok, IMA2014.ok, IMA2015.ok, IMA2016.ok, IMA2017.ok, IMA2018.
 * Simple chemical formula and final Strunz (T)
 * U (53-0), V (124-0); subtotal: 177 "items"
 * First Strunz.ok, Commons.ok
 * IMA2011.ok, IMA2012.ok*, IMA2013.ok, IMA2014.ok, IMA2015.ok, IMA2016.ok, IMA2017.ok, IMA2018.
 * Simple chemical formula and final Strunz (U, V)
 * W (135-0), X (17-0); subtotal: 152 "items"
 * First Strunz.ok, Commons.ok
 * IMA2011.ok, IMA2012.ok*, IMA2013.ok, IMA2014.ok, IMA2015.ok, IMA2016.ok, IMA2017.ok, IMA2018.
 * Simple chemical formula and final Strunz (W, X)
 * Y (48-0), Z (99-0), subtotal: 147 "items"
 * First Strunz.ok, Commons.ok
 * IMA2011.ok, IMA2012.ok*, IMA2013.ok, IMA2014.ok, IMA2015.ok, IMA2016.ok, IMA2017.ok, IMA2018.
 * Simple chemical formula and final Strunz (Y, Z)
 * Total: 5,785 "items" (first X, Q, Y, U, O, I, J)
 * Notes:
 * Pyrochlore supergroup: N (valid minerals)
 * Amphibole supergroup: N (valid minerals)
 * Ca amphiboles; Li amphiboles; Mg-Fe-Mn amphiboles; Na amphiboles; Na-Ca amphiboles; Na-(Mg-Fe-Mn) amphiboles
 * Time stamp: --Chris.urs-o (talk) 16:38, 3 May 2011 (UTC)
 * Time stamp: --Chris.urs-o (talk) 05:17, 12 July 2011 (UTC)
 * Time stamp: around 2,342/ 4,642 = 50.5% --Chris.urs-o (talk) 03:49, 16 May 2012 (UTC)
 * C+M+S (around 1,201/ 4,642 = 25.9%)
 * Time stamp: around 2,828/ 4,642 (A+B+D+E+F+H+I+J+N+O+P+Q+R+T+U+V+W+X+Y+Z)= 60.9% --Chris.urs-o (talk) 06:45, 21 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Time stamp: around 1,620/ 4,642 (C+K+L+M+S)= 37.9% --Chris.urs-o (talk) 15:23, 16 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Time stamp: --Chris.urs-o (talk) 09:07, 25 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Time stamp: amphiboles aren't updated yet at rruff.info/ima/ --Chris.urs-o (talk) 05:59, 15 April 2013 (UTC)
 * Time stamp: under review - IMA Master List (Aug. 2013) --Chris.urs-o (talk) 06:02, 16 September 2013 (UTC)
 * Time stamp: under review - IMA Master List (March 2014) --Chris.urs-o (talk) 17:45, 25 March 2014 (UTC)
 * Time stamp: IMA Master List (November 2015) --Chris.urs-o (talk) 01:50, 9 December 2015 (UTC)

Title
In the opening paragraph is the sentence "Therefore, a list of recognised mineral species is never complete.", yet the title assumes completness. How is this resolved? Is the title wrong or is the opening paragraph wrong, or does there need to be a re-phrasing to more precisely explain? The lay-out of the article is also very confusing with bullets and indented bullets. Why this approach and not the almost universally applied standards from the WP:MOS?  Velella  Velella Talk 22:40, 25 July 2015 (UTC)
 * The articles were created 10 years ago and the complete was included to distinguish from the List of minerals which was for those with Wikipedia articles. As minerals are continually being discovered/described and others deemed invalid by the IMA ... it requires constant updating to keep reasonably current. Would you care to suggest a better name? Suggestions welcome. Vsmith (talk) 23:23, 25 July 2015 (UTC)
 * As for the layout: it is a list article and refers to the alphabetical subarticles. The history section, I will agree, could be re-written as prose. Have a go. Vsmith (talk) 23:23, 25 July 2015 (UTC)

Philosophy

 * Manual of Style (MOS) has undue weight.
 * Wikipedia articles need lists (with wikilinks) for administration and maintenance, they complement each other.
 * A List needs to be quite up to date, and it needs explanatory notes. An article does not need to be so up to date.
 * Example: the article history of mineralogy gets pushed, it gets undued weight. The list on timeline of the discovery and classification of minerals shows the problems.
 * Spanish and Portuguese Wikipedia use attachments, appendices, addenda for this job.
 * Valid minerals and valid species of the 'Tree of Life' need to be listed.
 * This list has not a lot of traffic. Just administration, curation and maintenance of Wikipedia articles and experts (mineralogists and crystallographists) use it.
 * This list looks like an alphabethical list, and alphabetical lists and facts are not copyright protected. But this list is similar to an onion, it has many layers.
 * This list has an history (strictly speaking: 1959 to 2015) and some flaws. It needs explanatory notes to help its users.
 * Regards --Chris.urs-o (talk) 05:48, 2 October 2015 (UTC)
 * P.S. --Chris.urs-o (talk) 05:18, 2 December 2015 (UTC)

 * Other curiosities
 * The first meeting of the IMA-CNMMN (now IMA-CNMNC) wanted that all minerals to end with 'lite'/'ite' ("lithos" = stone). The IMA community reverted it.
 * The IMA-CNMMN wanted all Mac minerals (Mac vs Mc) written the same way. The IMA community accepted a proposal by Charles Milton, reverting it.
 * Armbruster et al. (2006) 'Recommended nomeclature of epidote-group minerals' renamed hancockite, niigataite and tweddillite. Hålenius et al. (2015) 'IMA Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification (CNMNC) Newsletter 26. New minerals and nomenclature modifications approved in 2015' based on Hatert et al. (2013) 'CNMNC guidelines for the use of suffixes and prefixes in mineral nomenclature, and for the preservation of historical names' reverted it.
 * Burke E A J (2008) 'Tidying up mineral names: an IMA-CNMNC scheme for suffixes, hyphens and diacritical marks' renamed chlorapatite, fluorapatite, hydroxylapatite, fluorellestadite and hydroxylellestadite. Pasero et al. (2010) 'Nomenclature of the apatite supergroup minerals' reverted it.
 * Atencio et al. (2010) 'The pyrochlore supergroup of minerals: nomenclature' discredited questionable minerals of the pyrochlore supergroup. Christy A G, Atencio D (2013) 'Clarification of status of species in the pyrochlore supergroup' reverted it.
 * --Chris.urs-o (talk) 05:30, 14 October 2015 (UTC)

2018
I found that there are no IMA-2018-001 in this list, and found a link. Please check this link please... https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/eurjmin/article/538475/ima-commission-on-new-minerals-nomenclature-and Thank you.Luke Kern Choi 5 (talk) 09:16, 10 July 2018 (UTC)

Requested move 30 January 2020

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Moved to "approved by IMA" titles for now. There is clear consensus that the existing scheme of titles must be changed, and no agreement whatsoever about how to change them. Although deletion has been raised as a possibility, that is a question for a different forum. BD2412 T 16:52, 1 March 2020 (UTC)

– The disambiguator "complete" is misleading, and ironically, the current opening paragraph of the first listed page, List of minerals (complete), even states that the list referenced on these pages is never complete. There needs to be a different naming convention for these pages, but I am unsure what such a naming convention should be that could distinguish the listed pages from the page sitting at the title with no disambiguator, List of minerals ... which seems to be a brief list of minerals which have articles on Wikipedia. (Hmm ... wouldn't that be the purpose of a category, since having such a page creates an unnecessary need to constantly maintain the page? Maybe all of these should be moved to their respective base titles with no disambiguators, and the content currently at List of minerals be moved away and then blanked and redirected or merged into the content currently at List of minerals (complete).) Steel1943  (talk) 17:04, 30 January 2020 (UTC) —Relisting. DannyS712 (talk) 23:04, 17 February 2020 (UTC)
 * List of minerals (complete) → ?
 * List of minerals A (complete) → ?
 * List of minerals B (complete) → ?
 * List of minerals C (complete) → ?
 * List of minerals D (complete) → ?
 * List of minerals E (complete) → ?
 * List of minerals F (complete) → ?
 * List of minerals G (complete) → ?
 * List of minerals H (complete) → ?
 * List of minerals I (complete) → ?
 * List of minerals J (complete) → ?
 * List of minerals K (complete) → ?
 * List of minerals L (complete) → ?
 * List of minerals M (complete) → ?
 * List of minerals N (complete) → ?
 * List of minerals O (complete) → ?
 * List of minerals P–Q (complete) → ?
 * List of minerals R (complete) → ?
 * List of minerals S (complete) → ?
 * List of minerals T (complete) → ?
 * List of minerals U–V (complete) → ?
 * List of minerals W–X (complete) → ?
 * List of minerals Y–Z (complete) → ?

 * I suggest renaming to
 * List of minerals approved by IMA
 * List of minerals approved by IMA (A)
 * List of minerals approved by IMA (B)
 * List of minerals approved by IMA (C)
 * etc.

 * — GeoWriter (talk) 17:34, 30 January 2020 (UTC)

 * I'm looking at the list articles, specially (at semi random) List of minerals C (complete) compared to List of minerals. At first I thought that the letter-specific version might add additional information, but it doesn't. I'd be in favor of redirecting them all to the main list, adding to it the sources from the other lists. --Gonnym (talk) 18:00, 30 January 2020 (UTC)

 * — It is true List of minerals could be a category, it would be easier to maintain.
 * — It is true "complete" is misleading, List of minerals is a very short version with notable minerals
 * — 'List of Minerals (complete)' is linked on Wikidata: Catala, German, Hungary, Laetian, Slovenian. The list is too long (5,500 minerals)), it needs many articles and sections for maintenance. Do not link them all to the main list. There is more information (mineral group, Nickel-Strunz ID and chemical formula) --Chris.urs-o (talk) 03:05, 1 February 2020 (UTC)
 * We could delete List of minerals and rename List of minerals (complete) to 'List of minerals'. --Chris.urs-o (talk) 05:02, 2 February 2020 (UTC)

 * Why not just say "List of Minerals (Primary) suggesting there commonality/popularity, educational level typically learned at, and occurrence & frequency coming across them in other sources, thus should also include red linked so long as they fit these 3 criteria i've just stated, (and inconsequentially could serve as incentive to get the rest of the most popular/important minerals linked;
 * the bigger list should just be called "List of Minerals (Total)" or "List of Minerals (Current Total)", both suggesting its the list with all the minerals wiki have + all that IMA have & approved, but also (i think just as important) its short and to the point while at the same time not sounding [too] convoluted, the latter being because what one must remind themselves is this is intended for or geared towards ALL audiences, and so should be fully understandable by the lower grade levels
 * And while were on the subject of discussion, i think there should also be a separate list called "List of Minerals (Grand Total)" where the "(Total)" list are only IMA approved, linked or not, these would include all the others that are currently in the "complete" list as well, such as the questionable's, the unapproved, the "grandfathered in" plus also all the group names and there species (bulleted) and other bulleted; the synonyms, the varieties, and maybe even mineraloids, organic minerals & even the different forms some have but aren't quite varieties such as Quartz have or agates have, and then there should also be the "List of Minerals (catagorical Total)" which simply rearrange the IMA approved into a hierarchic order using either the Dana or the Strunz classification — Preceding unsigned comment added by 47.157.107.26 (talk) 07:20, 5 February 2020 (UTC)
 * ...Such disambiguators as suggested above ("(Total)", etc.) create similar issues/problems that resulted me in creating this move request in the first place. Steel1943  (talk) 18:30, 6 February 2020 (UTC)
 * From what I understand are the Wikipedia rules surrounding lists is that the lists should be limited. I am not sure that a 'list of minerals' would qualify under Wikipedia rules as a maintainable list with a finite number of notable entries. I would actually argue this entire set needs to be deleted unless a better rationale for creating a list can be found. "Minerals" strikes me as enormously broad. Benkenobi18 (talk) 19:01, 18 February 2020 (UTC)
 * After doing some research, the lists should be renamed -> List of minerals approved by the IMC, and reflect what is found here: http://cnmnc.main.jp/ This would satisfy the Wikipedia guidelines on verifiability (ie, the existence of an external standard), and on a finite list. Per GeoWriter. Benkenobi18 (talk) 19:06, 18 February 2020 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

"Mineral species" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has asked for a discussion to address the redirect Mineral species. Please participate in the redirect discussion if you wish to do so. Steel1943 (talk) 23:17, 2 March 2020 (UTC)

"List of minerals U–Z (complete)" listed at Redirects for discussion
A discussion is taking place to address the redirect List of minerals U–Z (complete). The discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2020 July 6 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. Steel1943 (talk) 22:50, 6 July 2020 (UTC)

Requesting move to "List of minerals approved by the International Mineralogical Association"
The series of articles should be moved to the full name of the association written out. Thoughts?Catchpoke (talk) 02:05, 2 April 2021 (UTC)

Requested move 12 April 2021

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: Moved  (t · c)  buidhe  08:09, 2 May 2021 (UTC)

– "IMA" refers to a number of different things as indicated on the disambiguation page. The full name will be clearer. Catchpoke (talk) 00:28, 12 April 2021 (UTC) —Relisting. Elli (talk | contribs) 18:05, 25 April 2021 (UTC)
 * List of minerals approved by IMA → List of minerals recognized by the International Mineralogical Association
 * List of minerals approved by IMA (A) → List of minerals recognized by the International Mineralogical Association (A)
 * List of minerals approved by IMA (B) → List of minerals recognized by the International Mineralogical Association (B)
 * List of minerals approved by IMA (C) → List of minerals recognized by the International Mineralogical Association (C)
 * List of minerals approved by IMA (D) → List of minerals recognized by the International Mineralogical Association (D)
 * List of minerals approved by IMA (E) → List of minerals recognized by the International Mineralogical Association (E)
 * List of minerals approved by IMA (F) → List of minerals recognized by the International Mineralogical Association (F)
 * List of minerals approved by IMA (G) → List of minerals recognized by the International Mineralogical Association (G)
 * List of minerals approved by IMA (H) → List of minerals recognized by the International Mineralogical Association (H)
 * List of minerals approved by IMA (I) → List of minerals recognized by the International Mineralogical Association (I)
 * List of minerals approved by IMA (J) → List of minerals recognized by the International Mineralogical Association (J)
 * List of minerals approved by IMA (K) → List of minerals recognized by the International Mineralogical Association (K)
 * List of minerals approved by IMA (L) → List of minerals recognized by the International Mineralogical Association (L)
 * List of minerals approved by IMA (M) → List of minerals recognized by the International Mineralogical Association (M)
 * List of minerals approved by IMA (N) → List of minerals recognized by the International Mineralogical Association (N)
 * List of minerals approved by IMA (O) → List of minerals recognized by the International Mineralogical Association (O)
 * List of minerals approved by IMA (P–Q) → List of minerals recognized by the International Mineralogical Association (P–Q)
 * List of minerals approved by IMA (R) → List of minerals recognized by the International Mineralogical Association (R)
 * List of minerals approved by IMA (S) → List of minerals recognized by the International Mineralogical Association (S)
 * List of minerals approved by IMA (T) → List of minerals recognized by the International Mineralogical Association (T)
 * List of minerals approved by IMA (U–V) → List of minerals recognized by the International Mineralogical Association (U–V)
 * List of minerals approved by IMA (W–X) → List of minerals recognized by the International Mineralogical Association (W–X)
 * List of minerals approved by IMA (Y–Z) → List of minerals recognized by the International Mineralogical Association (Y–Z)
 * Comment: Assuming that this is the only IMA that approves minerals, I'm not sure that the abbreviation is a problem that needs solving. But I suggest replacing "approved" with "recognised", as a more accurate description of the action taken by the association. I also suggest inserting "the" before the name of the organisation. Assuming it was a typographical error, I replaced some hyphens with en dashes in the proposal above. — BarrelProof (talk) 03:03, 12 April 2021 (UTC)
 * I've made the suggested changes per WP:UCRN. I guess that's the relevant policy here.  British or American spelling makes no difference to me.  Apologies for not getting back yesterday. -- Catchpoke (talk) 19:27, 13 April 2021 (UTC)

 * Support per nom in principle. But should be "List of minerals recognised by the International Mineralogical Association". -- Necrothesp (talk) 10:07, 12 April 2021 (UTC)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kitco Inc.

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. Too few votes for consensus. Smoddy (Rabbit and pork) 17:54, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Kitco Inc.
Currently tagged with. As it is now, it is more of a company ad. Zzyzx11 | Talk 04:04, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep. --Mb1000 18:49, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text: Category:Cuban composers

title: Category:Cuban composers


text:
User:TonyMarvin

Tony Marvin
 'ATTENTION: Due to the abuse of power by User:SlimVirgin (an administrator who contributes very little to Wikipedia excepting blocking editors with a non far-left perspective) I will not be editing any more. Because of SlimVirgin's misconduct articles like Ward Churchill and probably many more will continue to be the sick joke they have become marked by vicious edit warring and vandalism.'

All that matters
The Team

The Life

The Excitement

title: User:TonyMarvin


text:
Live Free or Die Hard

Live Free or Die Hard (released as Die Hard 4.0 outside North America) is a 2007 American action thriller film directed by Len Wiseman, and serves as the fourth installment in the Die Hard film series. It is based on the 1997 article "A Farewell to Arms" written for Wired magazine by John Carlin. The film's name references New Hampshire's state motto, "Live Free or Die".

In the film, NYPD Detective John McClane (Bruce Willis) attempts to stop a cyber-terrorist, Thomas Gabriel (Timothy Olyphant) who hacks into government and commercial computers across the United States with the goal of starting a "fire sale" cyber attack that would disable key elements of the nation's infrastructure. Justin Long, Cliff Curtis, Maggie Q, and Mary Elizabeth Winstead also star.

Live Free or Die Hard was released in the United States on June 27, 2007. The film grossed $388 million worldwide, making it the highest-grossing installment in the Die Hard series. It received positive reviews from critics. It is the only Die Hard film to be theatrically released with a PG-13 rating from the MPAA, although an unrated edition would later be made available on home media. A fifth film, A Good Day to Die Hard, was released in 2013.

Plot
In response to the brief blackout at the FBI Cyber Division headquarters, FBI Deputy Director Miguel Bowman requests local law enforcement to bring in high-level computer hackers nationwide. NYPD detective John McClane was assigned to New Jersey to pick up Matthew Farrell. As McClane arrives, assassins sent by Thomas Gabriel, a hacker and leader of cyberterrorists, attack them, but McClane and Farrell manage to escape.

On the way to Washington D.C., Farrell tells McClane he had written an algorithm for Mai Linh to crack a specific security system for white hat purposes. Meanwhile, Gabriel orders his crew of hackers to take over transportation grids and the stock market while nationally broadcasting a threatening message to the U.S. government. Farrell realizes this is a "fire sale", a cyber attack designed to disable the nation's infrastructure. As McClane and Farrell are driven to DHS headquarters, Linh, posing as a dispatcher, reroutes them into a helicopter ambush. McClane fends off the attackers and destroys the helicopter.

McClane asks Farrell what would be Gabriel's next move, and he deduces Gabriel's next target is the power grid. They drive to a utility superstation in West Virginia. They find the superstation under the control of a team led by Linh. McClane and Farrell kill the team, and McClane kills Linh by locking her into a car that falls from an elevator shaft and explodes.

While Farrell is working on the hub computer to slow the damage, he traces Gabriel and uploads his picture to Bowman. McClane learns that Bowman and Gabriel once worked together for the DOD, and Gabriel was the chief programmer for infrastructural security. He warned the department of weaknesses that made America's network infrastructure vulnerable to cyberwarfare, but he was ignored and his unorthodox methods got him fired, and he is out for revenge. Enraged over Linh's death, Gabriel redirects the natural gas pipelines to the superstation to kill McClane and Farrell, and they barely escape before a massive blackout occurs throughout the Eastern Seaboard.

McClane and Farrell then travel by helicopter to the home of super hacker Frederick "Warlock" Kaludis in Baltimore. Warlock identifies the piece of code Farrell wrote for Linh as a means to access data at a Social Security Administration building at Woodlawn, Maryland. Doing a traceroute, Warlock locates Gabriel.

The Woodlawn building is actually an NSA facility intended to back up the nation's personal and financial records in the event of a cyber attack and was designed by Gabriel himself. The blackout on the FBI triggered a download of financial data to Woodlawn, which Gabriel plans to steal. Meanwhile, Gabriel taps into the connection they made, which reveals the location of McClane's estranged daughter Lucy, whom he kidnaps. McClane and Gabriel then meet - virtually - McClane telling him he will lose.

McClane and Farrell race to the Woodlawn facility. Farrell finds the facility's main server and encrypts the data Gabriel's men downloaded before getting captured. Gabriel then takes Farrell and Lucy with him as he flees. McClane pursues them, hijacking their semi mobile base. Accessing the communication system of an F-35B Lightning II, Gabriel orders the pilot to attack the truck McClane is driving, but the jet is destroyed by falling debris. McClane barely survives and sees Gabriel's vehicle pull into a nearby hangar.

There, Gabriel demands that Farrell decrypt the financial data. When he refuses, Gabriel shoots him and threatens to kill Lucy. McClane arrives, killing two of Gabriel's men, but he is shot and wounded by Gabriel's last man, Emerson. Gabriel positions himself behind McClane, putting the barrel of the gun in his shoulder wound. McClane then pulls the trigger. The bullet travels through McClane's shoulder and hits Gabriel in the heart, killing him instantly. Farrell then grabs a pistol and kills Emerson as the FBI arrives. Afterward, McClane thanks Farrell for saving Lucy's life, who takes a romantic interest in him.

Cast
Additional characters include Gabriel's henchmen: Chris Palmero as Del, Andrew Friedman as Casper and Bryon Weiss as Robinson. Chris Ellis appears as Jack Sclavino, McClane's commanding officer. Sung Kang makes an appearance as Raj, a desk officer of FBI's cyber division. Matt O'Leary appears as Clay Wheeler, a hacker who unwittingly gives Gabriel a code, allowing his house to be destroyed. Jake McDorman plays a small role as Jim, Lucy's boyfriend. Tim Russ appears as an NSA agent. Rosemary Knower has a cameo as Mrs. Kaludis, Frederick's mother.
 * Bruce Willis as Detective John McClane of the NYPD. He becomes involved in stopping Thomas Gabriel after being tasked with transporting Matt Farrell to the FBI for questioning.  He saves Farrell from a hit squad and the two work together to stop Gabriel's plan.
 * Justin Long as Matthew "Matt" Farrell, a hacker-turned-white hat who now designs cyber-security algorithms. He unknowingly helped Thomas Gabriel with his plan and survives an assassination attempt with McClane's help. He uses his computer expertise to help McClane stop Gabriel's plan.
 * Timothy Olyphant as Thomas Gabriel, a crazed former U.S. Department of Defense analyst who leads a group of cyber-terrorists systematically shutting down the entire U.S. infrastructure. Olyphant filmed his role within three weeks.
 * Mary Elizabeth Winstead as Lucy Gennero-McClane, McClane's estranged daughter. The inclusion of McClane's daughter was previously considered for the third film, and she was in the video game Die Hard: Vendetta.
 * Maggie Q as Mai Linh, Gabriel's second-in-command and lover
 * Kevin Smith as Frederick "Warlock" Kaludis, a hacker who reluctantly helps McClane and Farrell track down Gabriel. Smith made uncredited rewrites to the scenes in which he appears.
 * Cliff Curtis as Miguel Bowman, Deputy Director of the FBI Cyber Security Division.
 * Jonathan Sadowski as Trey, Gabriel's main hacker
 * Edoardo Costa as Emerson, Gabriel's henchman, secondary hacker and second-in-command
 * Cyril Raffaelli as Rand, Gabriel's acrobatic henchman
 * Yorgo Constantine as Russo, Gabriel's henchman
 * Željko Ivanek as Agent Molina, Assistant Deputy Director of the FBI Cyber Security Division.
 * Christina Chang as Taylor, an FBI Cyber Security Division analyst.
 * Len Wiseman as F-35B pilot (cameo)

Unproduced Die Hard 4: Tears of the Sun sequel
After the success they had with Die Hard with a Vengeance, and after many discussions with Bruce Willis, 20th Century Fox started working on the fourth Die Hard film. As they did with original scripts for the previous three films, Fox and Willis decided to pick a script which was not written as a Die Hard film and then have it changed into the next sequel. In 1997, they picked up a script titled Tears of the Sun, an action-adventure written by Alan B. McElroy, which Willis liked and wanted to turn into Die Hard 4. The script was about a group of people who go to set up a radio relay station deep inside the Amazon jungle; due to a severe storm, they land in a small mining town where they hire a guide. However, they are soon captured by a drug lord and his gang, who force them to work as slaves in his mine. They manage to escape and have to survive both the jungle and drug dealers who are chasing them.

At the time Fox decided to rework the story into Die Hard 4, Tears of the Sun had been in development since the early 1990s. Around 1994, it was one of several projects to which John Woo was attached as a director, but which never got made. Besides McElroy, some of the other writers who worked on the Tears of the Sun script over the years included Ronald Bass, Chris Gerolmo, Larry Ferguson, Robert Mark Kamen and Joel Gross. It was also at one point considered to be re-written into a new modern adaptation of Tarzan, before Fox got the script.

One of the first rejected scripts for the third Die Hard film, written by John Milius, also took place in the jungle. As with that script, the Tears of the Sun version of Die Hard 4 was never made.

Willis liked the Tears of the Sun title so much that he requested that one of his films, made in 2002, be re-titled Tears of the Sun (instead of Hostile Rescue or Man of War) in exchange for starring in another Die Hard film. This is why it is often mistakenly reported that Tears of the Sun was originally going to be the fourth Die Hard film.

Script and title
The film's plot is based on an earlier script entitled WW3.com by David Marconi, screenwriter of the 1998 film Enemy of the State. Using John Carlin's Wired magazine article entitled "A Farewell to Arms", Marconi crafted a screenplay about a cyber-terrorist attack on the United States. The fictional attack concept is called "fire sale" in the movie, depicting a three-stage coordinated attack on a country's transportation, telecommunications, financial, and utilities infrastructure systems. After the September 11, 2001 attacks, the project was stalled, only to be resurrected several years later and rewritten into Live Free or Die Hard by Doug Richardson and eventually by Mark Bomback.

Willis said in 2005 that the film would be called Die Hard 4.0, as it revolves around computers and cyber-terrorism. IGN later reported the film was to be called Die Hard: Reset instead. 20th Century Fox later announced the title as Live Free or Die Hard and set a release date of June 29, 2007 with filming to begin in September 2006. The title is based on New Hampshire's state motto, "Live Free or Die", which is attributed to a quote from General John Stark. International trailers use the Die Hard 4.0 title, as the film was released outside North America with that title. Early into the film's DVD commentary, both Wiseman and Willis note a preference for the title Die Hard 4.0.

Visual effects
For the visual effects used throughout the film, actor Bruce Willis and director Len Wiseman stated that they wanted to use a limited amount of computer-generated imagery (CGI). One VFX producer said that "Len was insisting on the fact that, because we've got Transformers and other big CG movies coming out, this one has to feel more real. It has to be embedded in some kind of practical reality in order to give it that edge of being a Die Hard." Companies such as Digital Dimension, The Orphanage, R!ot, Pixel Magic, and Amalgamated Pixels assisted in the film's visual effects.

Digital Dimension worked on 200 visual effects shots in the film, including the sequence that shows characters John McClane and Matt Farrell crouching between two cars as another car lands on top of the other cars. To achieve this effect, a crane yanked the car and threw it in the air onto the two cars that were also being pulled by cables. The shot was completed when the two characters were integrated into the footage of the car stunt after the lighting was adjusted and CGI glass and debris were added. In the same sequence, John McClane destroys a helicopter that several of Gabriel's henchman are riding in by ramming it with a car. This was accomplished by first filming one take where one of Gabriel's henchman, Rand, jumps from the helicopter, and in the next take the car is propelled into the stationary helicopter as it is hoisted by wires. The final view of the shot overlays the two takes, with added CGI for the debris and moving rotor blades. The company also assisted in adding cars for traffic collisions and masses of people for evacuations from several government buildings.

The Orphanage developed a multi-level freeway interchange for use in one of the film's final scenes by creating a digital environment and a 1000 ft long spiral ramp that was built in front of a bluescreen. When a F-35 jet is chasing McClane on the freeway, a miniature model and a full-size prop were both built to assist in digitally adding the jet into the scene. The nine-foot model was constructed from November 2006 through February 2007. When the jet is shown hovering near the freeway, editors used the software 3D graphics program Maya to blur the background and create a heat ripple effect.

Filming and injuries
Filming for Live Free or Die Hard started in downtown Baltimore, Maryland on September 23, 2006. Eight different sets were built on a large soundstage for filming many scenes throughout the film. When recording the sound for the semi trailer used in one of the film's final scenes, 18 microphones were used to record the engine, tires, and damage to the vehicle. Post-production for the film only took 16 weeks, when it was more common for similar films to use 26 weeks. In order to prevent possible injuries and be in peak condition for the film, Willis worked out almost daily for several months prior to filming. Willis was injured on January 24, 2007 during a fight scene, when he was kicked above his right eye by a stunt double for actress Maggie Q who was wearing stiletto heels. Willis described the event as "no big deal" but when Len Wiseman inspected his injury, he noticed that the situation was much more serious than previously thought—in the DVD commentary, Wiseman indicates in inspecting the wound that he could see bone. Willis was hospitalized and received seven stitches which ran through his right eyebrow and down into the corner of his eye. Due to the film's non-linear production schedule, these stitches can accidentally be seen in the scene where McClane first delivers Farrell to Bowman.

Throughout filming, between 200 and 250 stunt people were used. Bruce Willis' stunt double, Larry Rippenkroeger, was knocked unconscious when he fell 25 ft from a fire escape to the pavement. Rippenkroeger suffered broken bones in his face, several broken ribs, a punctured lung, and fractures in both wrists. Due to his injuries, production was temporarily shut down. Willis personally paid the hotel bills for Rippenkroeger's parents and visited him a number of times at the hospital.

Kevin Smith recalls rewriting scenes on the set of Live Free or Die Hard in his spoken word film Sold Out: A Threevening with Kevin Smith.

Soundtrack
The score for Live Free or Die Hard, written by Marco Beltrami, was released on July 2, 2007 by Varèse Sarabande (which also released the soundtracks for the first two Die Hard films), several days after the United States release of the film. This was the first film not to be scored by Michael Kamen, due to his death in 2003; Beltrami incorporates Kamen's thematic material into his score, but Kamen is not credited on the film or the album. Other songs in the film include "Rock & Roll Queen" by The Subways, "Fortunate Son" by Creedence Clearwater Revival and "I'm So Sick" by Flyleaf. Eric Lichtenfeld, reviewing from Soundtrack.net, said of the score: "The action cues, in which the entire orchestra seems percussive, flow well together."

Rating
In the United States, the first three films in the Die Hard series were rated R by the Motion Picture Association of America. Live Free or Die Hard, however, was edited to obtain a PG-13 rating. In some cases, alternate profanity-free dialogue was shot and used or swearing was cut out in post-production to reduce profanity. Director Len Wiseman commented on the rating, saying "It was about three months into it [production], and I hadn't even heard that it was PG-13... But in the end, it was just trying to make the best Die Hard movie, not really thinking so much about what the rating would be."

Bruce Willis was upset with the studio's decision, stating, "I really wanted this one to live up to the promise of the first one, which I always thought was the only really good one. That's a studio decision that is becoming more and more common, because they're trying to reach a broader audience. It seems almost a courageous move to give a picture an R rating these days. But we still made a pretty hardcore, smashmouth film." Willis said he thought that viewers unaware that it was not an R-rated film would not suspect so due to the level and intensity of the action as well as the usage of some profanity, although he admitted these elements were less intense than in the previous films. He also said that this film was the best of the four: "It's unbelievable. I just saw it last week. I personally think, it's better than the first one."

In the United Kingdom, the British Board of Film Classification awarded the film a 15 rating (including the unrated version, released later), the same rating as Die Hard with a Vengeance and Die Hard 2, albeit both were cut for both theatrical and video release, (The first film in the series originally received an 18 certificate). All films have been re-rated 15 uncut. Die Hard 4.0 was released with no cuts made and the cinema version (i.e.,the U.S. PG-13 version) consumer advice read that it "contains frequent action violence and one use of strong language". The unrated version was released on DVD as the "Ultimate Action Edition" with the consumer advice "contains strong language and violence".

In Australia, Die Hard 4.0 was released with the PG-13 cut with an M rating, the same as the others in the series (The Australian Classification Board is less strict with regards to language and to a lesser extent, violence). The unrated version was later released on DVD and Blu-ray also with an M rating. The film, notably never released in home media with its theatrical cut, has only been released in Australia as the extended edition.

Home media
The Blu-ray and DVD were released on October 29, 2007, in the United Kingdom, on October 31 in Hungary, November 20 in the United States, and December 12 in Australia. The DVD topped rental and sales charts in its opening week of release in the U.S. and Canada. There is an unrated version, which retains much of the original 'R-rated' dialogue, and a theatrical version of the film. However, the unrated version has a branching error that resulted in one of the unrated changes being omitted. The film briefly switches to the PG-13 version in the airbag scene; McClane's strong language is missing from this sequence (although international DVD releases of the unrated version are unaffected). The Blu-ray release features the PG-13 theatrical cut which runs at 128 minutes, while the Collector's Edition DVD includes both the unrated and theatrical versions. Time magazine's Richard Corliss named it one of the Top 10 DVDs of 2007, ranking it at No. 10. In 2015, the movie was featured in the "Die Hard: Nakatomi Plaza" boxed set, which featured the unrated cut of the film on Blu-Ray for the first time in the US. In 2017, the movie was included in the "Die Hard Collection" Blu-ray set with all 5 films in it. Though unlike the DVD, the Blu-ray doesn't contain the branching error during the airbag scene.

The DVD for the film was the first to include a Digital Copy of the film which could be played on a PC or Mac computer and could also be imported into several models of portable video players. Mike Dunn, a president for 20th Century Fox, stated "The industry has sold nearly 12 billion DVDs to date, and the release of Live Free or Die Hard is the first one that allows consumers to move their content to other devices."

Box office
Live Free or Die Hard debuted at No. 2 behind Ratatouille, at the U.S. box office and made $9.1 million in its first day of release in 3,172 theaters, the best opening day take of any film in the Die Hard series (not taking inflation into account). On its opening weekend Live Free or Die Hard made $33.3 million ($48.3 million counting Wednesday and Thursday). The film made $134.5 million domestically, and $249.0 million overseas for a total of $383.5 million, making it the twelfth highest-grossing film of 2007. As of 2022, it is the most successful film in the series.

Critical response
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 82% based on 209 reviews, and an average rating of 6.8/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Live Free or Die Hard may be preposterous, but it's an efficient, action-packed summer popcorn flick with thrilling stunts and a commanding performance by Bruce Willis. Fans of the previous Die Hard films will not be disappointed." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 69 out of 100, based on 34 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A−" on an A+ to F scale.

IGN stated, "Like the recent Rocky Balboa, this new Die Hard works as both its own story about an over-the-hill but still vital hero and as a nostalgia trip for those who grew up with the original films." On the television show Ebert & Roeper, film critic Richard Roeper and guest critic Katherine Tulich gave the film "two thumbs up", with Roeper stating that the film is "not the best or most exciting Die Hard, but it is a lot of fun" and that it is his favorite among the Die Hard sequels. Roeper also remarked, "Willis is in top form in his career-defining role." Michael Medved gave the film three and a half out of four stars, opining, "a smart script and spectacular special effects make this the best Die Hard of 'em all."

Conversely, Lawrence Toppman of The Charlotte Observer stated: "I can safely say I've never seen anything as ridiculous as Live Free or Die Hard." Toppman also wrote that the film had a lack of memorable villains and referred to John McClane as "just a bald Terminator with better one-liners".

title: Live Free or Die Hard


text:
Stocksbridge and Upper Don

Stocksbridge and Upper Don ward is one of the 28 electoral wards of the borough of Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. The population of this ward was 18,541 at the 2011 Census.

The main population centres in the ward are Stocksbridge and Oughtibridge; the ward also includes the villages of Deepcar, Wharncliffe Side, Bolsterstone, Midhopestones, Upper Midhope and Ewden Village.

Description
The population of this ward in 2011 was 18,541 people in 8,099 households. It is located in the northwestern part of the borough of Sheffield, outside the city and covers an area of 67.4 km2, a little more than one sixth of the area of the city.

Up to the 2010 general election Stocksbridge and Upper Don was one of the wards that made up the Sheffield Hillsborough constituency; at the 2010 election the ward became part of the Stocksbridge and Penistone constituency.

Places in Stocksbridge and Upper Don ward
Stocksbridge is a town in the metropolitan borough of the City of Sheffield. In 2007 the population of the town including Deepcar and Bolsterstone was nearly 14,000. Deepcar is a village adjoining the eastern end of Stocksbridge.

To the south of Stocksbridge are the villages of Bolsterstone, site of a manor house; and further south is Ewden Village, a navvy village established in the early 20th century during the construction of the Sheffield reservoirs.

Oughtibridge is a village to the south east of Stocksbridge, on the main road to Sheffield, in the Upper Don Valley. The village of Wharncliffe Side is located on the main road between Deepcar on Oughtibridge.

Midhopestones (or Nether Midhope), and Upper Midhope (or Over Midhope) are small villages in the western half of the ward, close to the northern border, and near to Midhope reservoir and Langsett reservoirs.

Locations

 * Stocksbridge 53.47887°N, -1.60181°W
 * Deepcar 53.47404°N, -1.56977°W
 * Oughtibridge 53.436°N, -1.539°W
 * Wharncliffe Side 53.44958°N, -1.55351°W
 * Bolsterstone 53.4666°N, -1.59415°W
 * Ewden village 53.46065°N, -1.59109°W
 * Midhopestones 53.49136°N, -1.65024°W
 * Upper Midhope 53.49416°N, -1.67501°W

title: Stocksbridge and Upper Don


text:
Cariboo Regional District

The Cariboo Regional District spans the Cities and Districts of Quesnel, Williams Lake, 100 Mile House, and Wells in the Central Interior of British Columbia.

Geography
The Cariboo Regional District (CRD) in the Central Interior of BC encompasses 80,252 square kilometers of land. The Cariboo and Coastal mountain ranges hug the CRD on its west and east side boundaries. The region straddles Highway 97 from 70 Mile House in the south to 5 km south of Hixon in the north. It belongs to the PDT/PST time zones.

Incorporated municipalities

 * District Municipality of 100 Mile House
 * City of Quesnel
 * District Municipality of Wells
 * City of Williams Lake

Communities

 * Alexandria
 * Australian
 * Kersley
 * Red Bluff
 * Rich Bar

Other communities

 * Alexis Creek
 * Anahim Lake
 * Horsefly
 * Lac La Hache
 * Likely
 * Lone Butte
 * McLeese Lake
 * Nazko
 * Nimpo Lake
 * Riske Creek
 * Tatla Lake
 * Forest Grove
 * 150 Mile House

Features and Amenities
The Cariboo Regional District provides region-wide library services, recreational facilities, and local fire protection.

Demographics
As a census division in the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Cariboo Regional District had a population of $62,931$ living in $27,614$ of its $32,395$ total private dwellings, a change of NaN% from its 2016 population of $61,988$. With a land area of 80373.79 km2, it had a population density of in 2021.

 * Note: Totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses.

Electoral directors
Twelve electoral area directors and four municipal directors govern the affairs of the Cariboo Regional District. The electoral area directors are elected by area voters, and municipal directors are appointed by their municipal council. All directors serve for a four-year term.

Electoral areas
Regional District Electoral Areas are A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K and L.

Electoral areas have no administrative or governmental significance; they are used only to elect rural representatives to regional district boards.

Literature
The Cariboo District and 100 Mile House are featured prominently in Al Purdy's poem "The Cariboo Horses" to examine the tradition of equinity against human civilization.

title: Cariboo Regional District


text:
User talk:67.71.122.41

January 2019
Hello, I'm CLCStudent. I wanted to let you know that one or more of your recent contributions have been undone because they did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you have any questions, you can ask for assistance at the Help Desk. Thanks. CLCStudent (talk) 16:57, 26 January 2019 (UTC)
 * If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits, consider creating an account for yourself or logging in with an existing account so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

title: User talk:67.71.122.41


text:
Deepcar

Deepcar is a village located on the eastern fringe of the town of Stocksbridge, South Yorkshire, England. It is in the electoral ward of Stocksbridge and Upper Don, 7 mi approximately north-west of Sheffield city centre.

Geography
The village lies south-west of the confluence of the River Don and Little Don River, and near to the junctions of the A616 road and A6102 roads, and the former junction of the 'Woodhead Line' (Sheffield to Penistone section, built for the Sheffield, Ashton-under-Lyne and Manchester Railway) and private Stocksbridge Railways; the village was served by the Deepcar railway station from 1846 to 1959.

History
The Deepcar archaeological site, which included a structure or 'house', dating to the mesolithic period, and ascribed to the Maglemosian culture was excavated in 1962 close to the junction of the Don and Little Don at Wharncliffe Wood. .   The site's culture has similarities to Star Carr in North Yorkshire, but gives its name to unique "Deepcar type assemblages" of microliths in the archaeology literature.

A potential Romano-British settlement has also been identified near the river banks.

The parish church of St John the Evangelist was opened in 1878.

title: Deepcar


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Konstantin Karamanlis

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was redirect

Konstantin Karamanlis
Has been tagged with for two weeks. The article just says, "Former Prime Minister of Greece." Zzyzx11 | Talk 04:07, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Constantine Karamanlis --Chris Johnson 04:29, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * done. Mikkalai 04:47, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

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text:
Oughtibridge

Oughtibridge is a residential village in the north of Sheffield within the bounds of Bradfield civil parish. The village stands about 5 mi northwest of the city centre in the valley of the River Don.

The population of the village has increased significantly in recent years because of much private housing development and stood at 3,542 in 2006 over an area of 355 ha. The population of Oughtibridge increased to 3,584 in 2011.

Origins
The origins of Oughtibridge date back to the first part of the 12th century when a ford existed in the area over the Don. The ford was managed by a man named Oughtred who resided in a nearby cottage. When a bridge was built on the spot in approximately 1150 it became known as Oughtred’s Bridge or by his nickname of Oughty’s Bridge and the small settlement around the bridge adapted the same name.

The hamlet of Oughtibridge grew up as a focal point for local farming communities and the first documented mention of Oughtibridge occurred in 1161 when one of the signatories of an agreement on the grazing rights of Ecclesfield Priory was “Ralph, the son of Oughtred”. The name Ughtinabrigg, meaning Oughtred’s Bridge in Middle English, was used in the document. The priory’s grazing rights included Beeley Wood, a remnant of which still exists to the east of the village. Oughtibridge Hall was built on the high ground to the east of the hamlet in the 16th century; it still stands today and is a Grade-II-listed building.

Onesacre
The little hamlet of Onesacre, approximately half a mile west of Oughtibridge, was mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086. However, its history goes back to Anglo-Saxon times when it was part of the estate of the Saxon lord Godric. The Onesacre estate, then known as Anesacre, was owned by the Le Rous family after the Norman Conquest until around 1380, when it passed to the Stead family who were large land-owners in the Sheffield and Hallamshire area. The present buildings date from the middle of the 17th century and Onesacre Hall is Grade II* listed.

Industrial development
Oughtibridge remained a small isolated rural hamlet over the centuries and even by 1747 it was made up of only five families. However, the population started to rise in the latter part of the 18th century as a result of the Industrial Revolution and a further expansion in farming. Oughtibridge's position within the Don valley made it a prime location as the water power of the river could be used to drive the machinery of the early and mid-19th century.

In 1841 the population had risen to 1,005 with Oughtibridge forge being the main industry in the village. The forge still stands today on Forge Lane and is a Grade-II-listed building; it has been renovated in recent years and turned into several apartments within a new housing development. There was a corn mill, paper mill, tannery and a small brewery among the other industries at this time. During the second half of the 19th century Oughtibridge reached its height as an industrial centre with the opening of Oughty Bridge railway station in 1845 on the Sheffield, Ashton-under-Lyne and Manchester Railway. By 1891 the population had grown to 1,784.

The Oughtibridge Silica Firebrick Company which had ganister mines in the nearby Beeley Wood and Wharncliffe Woods, utilised the railway for transportation, building a factory by the railway line near the station; the works were taken over by the Steetley company in 1947. The Steetley refractory works on Station Lane closed in the 1980s with half the site being redeveloped for housing while the remaining half was taken over by Intermet Refractory Products Ltd.

Oughtibridge mill and site
The Dixon family bought the paper mill to the northwest of the village in 1871 and it became a flourishing business, being one of the first to use wood pulp to produce paper instead of rags. The mill specialised in tissues, making the Dixcel brand for many years. Wood pulp for Dixon's paper mill was imported from the Toppila pulp mill (Toppila Oy) in Oulu, Finland from 1931–1985. The Dixons signed an agreement with the railway company to provide a siding for the works to transport raw materials and the finished product. The factory had several owners after the Dixons sold the mill in the 1970s, namely British Tissues, Jamont UK, The Fort James Corporation and from 2000 it became part of the Georgia-Pacific group. The paper mill was closed in 2007 leaving only converting lines operational with the two tissue machines being mothballed. All production ceasing in 2015.

On 30 August 2016 a resolution to grant outline planning for up to 320 homes was secured for the Oughtibridge mill site. This includes the demolition of existing industrial buildings and the construction of a residential development. A new vehicular bridge and a pedestrian / cycle bridge will be built across the River Don to give access to the site. The plans include associated landscaping and infrastructure works.

Present day
The modern-day development of Oughtibridge has seen it become a commuter village with many of the residents working in nearby Sheffield and much of the local industry having given way to private housing development. There are approximately 1,355 housing units in Oughtibridge, 79% of which are owner occupied; there is a significantly lower percentage of rented properties compared to the rest of Sheffield.

The A6102 road, one of the main transport exits from the northwest of Sheffield towards Stocksbridge and eventually Manchester, goes through Oughtibridge splitting into a one way system in its passage through the village. There are good public transport links to Sheffield by bus including a link to the Sheffield Supertram network at Middlewood. There are five public houses within Oughtibridge (The Pheasant, The Cock Inn, The Travellers, The Hare and Hounds and The White Hart). The White Hart is once more a public house after being a bridal shop. Oughtibridge primary school is situated on Naylor Road; secondary school pupils have to travel to Bradfield School in the nearby village of Worrall.

The Parish Church of the Ascension on Church Street was built in 1842. It has a two manual organ by Nelson - unusually the great organ has tracker action but the swell pneumatic. It underwent cleaning and partial reconstruction in 2012. The great has a fine if not loud open diapason. Originally part of the Wadsley parish, Oughtibridge is now a separate parish although the vicar of Wadsley still appoints the vicar at Oughtibridge. Coronation Park is situated in the centre of the village by the river and includes a children's playground and tennis courts as well as some fine specimens of trees. Sheffield Canoe Club use the river by the park as their outdoor base. Just across the road from the park is the hall of the Oughtibridge Brass Band who were formed around 1890. The War Memorial sports ground is situated next to the River Don slightly downstream, providing facilities for the village football and cricket teams. The ground was donated by the Silica Firebrick Company in 1921.

Notable people

 * Dominic Barrow (b. 1993), professional rugby union player for Sale Sharks
 * Miriam Cates (b. 1982), Conservative MP for Penistone and Stockbridge
 * Arnold Minnis (1891–1972), first-class cricketer and British Army officer
 * Craig Pawson (b. 2 March 1979), Premier League referee

title: Oughtibridge


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Iowa wine

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was move to copyvio. Smoddy (Rabbit and pork) 17:57, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Iowa wine
I don't see where this is going, unless it's going to be a list of Iowa wineries, but so far it just states something that can be applied to just any winiery in state if not the world. --Boothy443 | comhrÚ 04:09, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, presumably it will go on to discuss the history of wine production in the state, the characteristics of Iowan wines, local vineyards and commercial success around the US and globally. Kappa 05:26, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Copyvio from . I have tagged and listed it. FreplySpang (talk) 06:59, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * "I want the wine of my country! I want the wine of my country! I want the wine of my country! The wine of my country—is beer!"—King Maximilian, Rodgers and Hammerstein, Cinderella

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text: File:Mr Big Self-Titled.jpg

title: File:Mr Big Self-Titled.jpg


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Koree Storee

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was speedy delete. Smoddy (Rabbit and pork) 18:00, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Koree Storee
Has been tagged with since February: "A 10-minute sitcom created in the summer of 2004, The Koree Storee displays the stupidity and ignorance of a 16 year old by the name of Koree." Zzyzx11 | Talk 04:11, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * delete. there is no such sitcom. hoax. Mikkalai 04:51, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, hoax. Megan1967 05:47, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Tagged as a speedy for patent nonsense. LevelCheck 22:21, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Web accelerator

A web accelerator is a proxy server that reduces website access time. They can be a self-contained hardware appliance or installable software.

Web accelerators may be installed on the client computer or mobile device, on ISP servers, on the server computer/network, or a combination. Accelerating delivery through compression requires some type of host-based server to collect, compress and then deliver content to a client computer.

Techniques
Web accelerators may use several techniques to achieve this reduction in access time:

They may:
 * cache recently or frequently accessed documents so they may be sent to the client with less latency or at a faster transfer rate than the remote server could.
 * freshen objects in the cache ensuring that frequently accessed content is readily available for display.
 * preemptively resolve hostnames present in a document (HTML or JavaScript) in order to reduce latency.
 * prefetch documents that are likely to be accessed in the near future.
 * compress documents to a smaller size, for example by reducing the quality of images or by sending only what's changed since the document was last requested.
 * optimize the code from certain documents (such as HTML or JavaScript).
 * filter out ads and other undesirable objects so they are not sent to the client at all.
 * maintain persistent TCP connections between the client and the proxy server.
 * improve the performance via protocol level accelerations, such as TCP acceleration.

These techniques align with best practices which are typically recommended to improve the performance of web applications.

Web client accelerator
Introduced in 2001-2002, these applications generally serve to improve dial-up, broadband and other connections from which users may not be getting the best speed. Many Dialup ISPs offer web accelerators as a part of their services. The pre-compression operates much more efficiently than the on-the-fly compression of V.44 modems. Typically, website text is compacted to 5%, thus increasing effective dialup throughput to approximately 1000 kbit/s, and JPEG/GIF/PNG images are lossy-compressed to 15–20%, increasing effective throughput to 300 kbit/s.

The drawback of this approach is a loss in quality, where the graphics acquire compression artifacts taking on a blurry or colorless appearance. However, the transfer speed is dramatically improved. If desired, the user may choose to view uncompressed images instead, but at a much slower load rate.

Web accelerators are typically designed for web browsing and, sometimes, for e-mailing and can not improve speeds of streaming, gaming, P2P downloads or many other Internet applications. However, there is substantial work being done on client-side Web Accelerators for Application Delivery Networks by several companies including Cisco Systems and F5 Networks as the demand for SaaS and PaaS look set to grow among small and medium enterprises.

List

 * America Online
 * Netscape ISP
 * Google Web Accelerator (discontinued)
 * Heigh Speed (discontinued)
 * NetJet (discontinued)
 * OnSpeed (discontinued)
 * Polipo (not maintained)
 * Squid
 * WinGate
 * Ziproxy

Web server accelerator
Other web accelerators are targeted at the web site or web application owners. This type of web accelerator is installed in front of web servers and application servers and use a variety of the above techniques to improve performance to all users accessing the accelerated web sites or web applications. Web server accelerators are sometimes referred to as reverse proxies or Application Delivery Controllers. This type of server side accelerator has the added benefit of off-loading transactions and connection managements from the web or applications servers and hence, reducing its CPU utilization and increasing web server or application scalability to handle more users with less bandwidth.

List

 * aiScaler
 * Apache Traffic Server
 * Apache HTTP Server
 * CACHEbox
 * Caddy
 * lighttpd
 * nginx
 * Polipo (not maintained)
 * Squid
 * Varnish
 * Ziproxy

Client–server
There may be two sections to the proxy as well - a server portion sits in front of the web server and captures the input and output from the server and a client portion sits in front of the end-user's web browser to capture the input and output from the browser. An example would be Opera Turbo.

title: Web accelerator


text:
Magnus, Duke of Saxony

Magnus (c. 1045 – 23 August 1106) was the duke of Saxony from 1072 to 1106. Eldest son and successor of Ordulf and Wulfhild of Norway, he was the last member of the House of Billung.

Rebellion
In 1070, before he was duke, he joined Otto of Nordheim, duke of Bavaria, in rebellion against the Salian Emperor Henry IV. Otto was accused of being privy to a plot to murder the king, and it was decided he should submit to the ordeal of battle with his accuser. The duke asked for safe-conduct to and from the place of meeting. When this was refused he declined to appear, and was consequently deprived of Bavaria, while his Saxon estates were plundered. The rebellion was put down in 1071, and Magnus was captured. Magnus was imprisoned in the castle of Harzburg, the imposing imperial fortress which so inflamed the Saxon freemen. He was not released upon his accession to the Saxon duchy until seventy Swabians captured in Lüneburg were released.

First battle of Langensalza
In 1073, Harzburg was destroyed and the anger of Henry aroused. He renewed the conflict with Saxony once more. At the first battle of Langensalza in 1075, Magnus was captured again. After being released again, he joined Rudolf von Rheinfeld, duke of Swabia and anti-king, and was present at the Battle of Mellrichstadt (7 August 1078), where he saved Rudolf's life. However, he and the Saxons never fully supported the Swabian Rudolf and he reconciled with Henry, even fighting the Slavs with the royal forces.

Legacy
Magnus was an embittered enemy of the archbishop of Bremen, Adalbert, whose see he afflicted with repeated plundering raids. In 1106, the same year as Henry IV, he died. His duchy was given to Lothair of Supplinburg and his lands were split between his daughters by Sophia (married 1071), the daughter of Béla I of Hungary, going thus to the house of Welf, via Wulfhilde (1075–1126), who married Duke Henry IX of Bavaria and to the house of Ascania via Eilika (1080 – 16 January 1142), who married Count Otto of Ballenstedt.

title: Magnus, Duke of Saxony


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kroxyldyphic

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Postdlf 22:02, 1 May 2005 (UTC)

Kroxyldyphic
Has been tagged with since January! It says, "Kroxyldyphic is a made-up word that is used in the television cartoon series South Park to make spelling-competitions impossible to win." Zzyzx11 | Talk 04:14, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * del nonnotable. No google hits. Mikkalai 04:56, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * You probably spelled it wrong. -- Bobdoe (Talk) 07:04, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: fan cruft. -- Bobdoe (Talk) 07:04, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. It's not even notable among SP fans; it occurred once in one episode. We don't know how to spell it (all we know is that it doesn't begin with C). The article isn't even accurate: Cartman was given chair and spelled it wrong. Kyle is the one who was given kroxyldyphic (or however it's spelled). --Angr/comhrá 12:39, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text: Category:Puerto Rican styles of music

title: Category:Puerto Rican styles of music


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Coheety

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Postdlf 22:03, 1 May 2005 (UTC)

Coheety
Band Vanity Coheety is a four-piece rock band from Tiverton, Rhode Island in the United States. ... The following summer, 2001, they recorded and released their third album, The Sizbotean. There was one last farewell show and the boys all went off to separate colleges. This didn't stop them, though. They got together during their winter break and recorded some demos. That is to say without Matt Cellemme who joined the Air Force Academy and as a result hasn't been very active in the band since. Klonimus 04:16, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, vanity. Megan1967 05:47, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Three albums seems above the bar for notability. --Theo (Talk) 15:06, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Neither allmusic nor artistdirect has heard of them, and their "albums" seem to be nothing but collections of downloadable MP3s.  RickK 20:12, Apr 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete if self-published. Radiant_* 14:10, Apr 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Coheety


text:
Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople

The Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople (İstanbul Ermeni Patrikhanesi; Western Պատրիարքութիւն Հայոց Կոստանդնուպոլսոյ, Badriark'ut'iun Hayots' Gosdantnubolsoy) is an autonomous see of the Armenian Apostolic Church. The seat of the Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople is the Surp Asdvadzadzin Patriarchal Church (Holy Mother of God Patriarchal Church) in the Kumkapı neighborhood of Istanbul.

Its head is the Armenian Patriarch of Constantinople (also known as Armenian Patriarch of Istanbul).

Establishment of the Patriarchate of Constantinople in 1461

During the Byzantine period, the Armenian Apostolic Church had not been allowed to operate in Constantinople because the two churches (Armenian Church and Orthodox Church) mutually regarded each other as heretical. The schism was rooted in the rejection of the Council of Chalcedon by the Oriental Orthodox Churches, of which the Armenian Church is a part, while the Byzantine Church and the rest of Eastern Orthodoxy had accepted.

After conquering Constantinople, the Ottoman Empire allowed the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Constantinople to stay in the city. But Sultan Mehmed II asked the Armenians to establish their own church in the new Ottoman capital, as part of the Millet system. From then on the Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople acted as a superior religious institution in the Ottoman Empire, even standing over the Armenian Catholicos. For a short period, the Syriac Orthodox Church was also placed under the jurisdiction of the Armenian Patriarchate.

The first Armenian Patriarch of Constantinople was Hovakim I, who was at the time the Metropolitan of Bursa. In 1461, he was brought to Constantinople by Sultan Mehmed II and established as the Armenian Patriarch of Constantinople. Hovakim I was recognized as the religious and secular leader of all Armenians in the Ottoman Empire, and carried the title of milletbaşı or ethnarch as well as patriarch.

There have been 84 individual Patriarchs since establishment of the Patriarchate:
 * 75 patriarchs during the Ottoman period (1461–1908)
 * 4 patriarchs in the Young Turks period (1908–1922)
 * 5 patriarchs in the current secular Republic of Turkey (1923–present)

Ottoman period, 1461–1908
The Armenian Patriarchate served the Armenians in the Ottoman Empire with a line of Patriarchs in Constantinople. However, like the Greek Patriarchate, the Armenians suffered severely from intervention by the state in their internal affairs. Although there have been 115 pontificates since 1461, there have only been 84 individual Patriarchs. In 1861, a national constitution (Sahmanadrootiun in Armenian) was granted to Armenians living in the Ottoman Empire by Sultan Abdülaziz. In 1896 Patriarch Madteos III (Izmirlian) was deposed and exiled to Jerusalem by Sultan Abdülhamid II for boldly denouncing the 1896 massacre. The constitution governing the Armenians was suspended by the Sultan.

Young Turks period, 1908–1922
The Armenian Patriarch of Constantinople Madteos III (Izmirlian) was permitted to return to Istanbul in 1908 when Sultan Abdulhamid II was deposed by the Young Turks.

The new Turkish administration also restored the constitution. In the initial period of the reign of the Young Turks, the Armenians enjoyed a brief period of restoration of civil liberties between 1908 and 1915.

However, in 1915 the Armenians suffered great hardship under the Young Turk administration owing to the desire of the Turkish government for its peoples to be religiously homogeneous (i.e., Muslim), motivated perhaps by an imagined threat of Armenians from Russian influences with whom Turkey was at war. The Armenian community of Turkey in 1915 was accordingly decimated by mass deportations and killings. The events surrounding this ethnic cleansing of Armenians from Turkey have become known as the Armenian genocide. The inability of Turkey to acknowledge these events has been a source of significant angst among Armenians worldwide for the past hundred years. Prior to 1915, almost two million Armenians lived in Turkey; today (2015) less than 100,000 reside there.

With this backdrop of turmoil for Armenians, the post of the Patriarch remained vacant from 1915 to 1919. It was restored for a brief period from 1919 to 1922 with Patriarch Zaven I Der Yeghiayan residing. To alleviate the fate of the survivors of the Armenian genocide the Patriarchate founded a Committee for Orphan Relief, a Central Committee for Deportees and was also involved in the establishment of the National Relief Mission.

Four Armenian Patriarchs served under the rule of the Young Turks.

Republic of Turkey 1923–present
Despite a huge diminution in the number of its faithful during the Armenian genocide, the patriarchate remains the spiritual head of the largest Christian community presently living in Turkey.

Today, the Armenian Patriarchs are recognized as the head of the Armenian Apostolic Church in Turkey and he is invited to state ceremonies.

Five Armenian Patriarchs have served after the establishment of the Republic of Turkey. The synod of the Patriarchate has designated, with the votes of 25 of its 26 members, Aram Ateşyan as Patrik Genel Vekili (Turkish for Acting Patriarch) in 2010 because of the illness of the Patriarch Mesrob II Mutafyan. Some members of the Armenian community of Turkey criticised this move and asked for the election of a new Patriarch by universal suffrage instead. (It is estimated that some 20 thousand members of the community are eligible to vote in such an election.) At last, the synod decided to retire the Patriarch Mesrob II Mutafyan on October 26, 2016, and to organize an election for a new patriarch. Following the death of Patriarch Mesrob II, Abp. Sahak II Mashalian was elected Patriarch of İstanbul in 2019.

Publications
The Patriarchate publishes an annual review in Armenian called Shoghagat, meaning "Rays from Above" (Shoghakat in Eastern Armenian), containing theological, liturgical, historical and cultural articles.

A small, illustrated bulletin Lraper, meaning "Bringer of News", (Lraber in Eastern Armenian) is published weekly (monthly in the summer months). The bilingual Lraper is in Armenian and Turkish.

title: Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople