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The Chart Show

The Chart Show (also known as The ITV Chart Show between 1989 and 1998) is a weekly syndicated music video programme, which ran in the United Kingdom from April 1986 until August 1998, with revivals in 2003 and 2008–2009.

The Chart Show  originally ran in the United Kingdom on Channel 4 from 11 April 1986 up to 2 January 1989 in a 45-minute-long Friday evening slot (with some episodes in late 1988 airing on Monday evenings due to late schedule changes on the channel).

By the beginning of 1989, the popularity of the show persuaded the show's production team to move it from Channel 4 onto the ITV network. In its ITV transmission run between 7 January 1989 and 22 August 1998, The Chart Show was normally broadcast in the 11:30 am timeslot on ITV on Saturday mornings, with an early morning repeat later in the week in most regions; ITV episodes were generally one hour in length.

From 29 August 1998 onwards, The Chart Show was dropped and replaced by CD:UK, which ran until 2006. The Chart Show name returned to UK television as a short-lived revival by Channel 4 from 6 to 12 January 2003, and a second revival aired from 6 August 2008 to May 2009 on Chart Show TV.

The original production company was Video Visuals, and (when shown on ITV) was credited as "A Yorkshire Television Presentation" from 1993 and 1998 (prior to this, no ITV franchisee's logo was shown at the end).

History
The show was designed to compete with established pop shows such as the BBC's Top of the Pops and was influenced by the video formats of MTV. The show was unique in that it had no presenters, instead computer-generated displays took their place in between promotional videos of artists.

The "pop-up" information snippets were represented as "windows" in a mock-up graphical user interface called HUD. In 1987 this was replaced with the more familiar display which featured a "mouse-pointer" and "icons" generated on an Amiga computer. Although commonplace nowadays, such interfaces were relatively cutting-edge at the time. The look of the icons was updated on the move to ITV on 7 January 1989, and again upon the show's relaunch on 7 December 1991 as part of a competition prize from Amiga Computing magazine. However, this update only lasted one show and the previous 1989 icons returned the following week and lasted until 11 May 1996 when the show's look and production was completely overhauled and was replaced with an animated text banner at the bottom of the screen.

Graphics mimicking those of a video recorder in operation were also used, and are one of the show's most well remembered features.

The show was very important when it was first launched, being one of the few outlets for music videos on British television, in the days before the widespread takeup of satellite and cable television, and channels such as MTV Europe. Many music videos got their UK Television premieres during The Chart Show.

Shortly after launching, The Chart Show found itself being taken off air during a dispute with the Musicians' Union over the showing of music videos on ITV & Channel 4 which lasted throughout the summer of 1986. During this time, a show called Rewind, made by the same production team, was aired. This consisted of performances from other music shows. The dispute was resolved by the end of the summer, and The Chart Show returned at the end of August.

On Channel 4, the show ran on Friday nights, mainly filling gaps between series of The Tube. After moving to ITV it ran on Saturday mornings and also had a late night repeat in some ITV regions, though the day and time of this varied over time and between regions. One such late night repeat on 31 August 1997 was interrupted to report the breaking news of Diana, Princess of Wales' car accident. The show was so popular that it became a regular with five editions in July 1987 going out as 60-minute long "Summer Specials". The last regular edition to air on Channel 4 was on 30 September 1988. The final episode on Channel 4 was a Review of 1988 special on 2 January 1989; the first edition on ITV aired 5 days later. The show was renamed "The ITV Chart Show" that September after ITV launched its new corporate identity. The name reverted back to The Chart Show on 22 October 1994.

Earlier Channel 4 editions were 45 minutes long, and later ones were 60 minutes, but were split into two 30-minute segments before moving to the 60-minute format in 1988. However, some later editions were shortened due to ITV buying rights to Formula One motor racing in 1997.

The last edition was shown on 22 August 1998, after being axed in favour of a live, performance-based show, CD:UK, which began the following week. The show featured various messages from viewers saying goodbye to the show and how upset they were that the show was finishing. There were also messages from artists, including Mel B and Suggs.

The first video on The Chart Show was "What You Need" by INXS. The Chart Show mistakenly mentioned on the final show that Robert Palmer's Addicted to Love was the first artist to appear on The Chart Show. The video clip of Robert Palmer with the original graphics on, shown on the last episode, was taken from the 4th episode, rather than the first, as revealed by the date shown in the H.U.D.

In the show's later days, the programme was broadcast "live", with all the elements of the show programmed into a computer and laid back to tape, the song title graphics and info banners being added live as the show was broadcast. This fact was played up over the first few months of the show being made this way, with a "Live" graphic appearing at the beginning of each part, in addition to the interactive Battle of the Bands segment. Both of these were dropped after a minor revamp in 1997, although live phone-in competitions continued to appear occasionally until the end of the show's run.

A Different Chart
Confusion often arose from the chart used on the show, as they initially used the chart compiled by MRIB (which was used at the time by commercial radio, and was adopted by NME in 1988) and later on compiled their own chart, as opposed to using the "official" Gallup/CIN chart used by BBC Radio 1, which in addition to the show's initial Friday and later Saturday airdate (therefore not taking account of the full week's sales) meant that the chart shown was different from that broadcast by Radio 1. Indeed, there were many occasions when the single shown to be Number One by The Chart Show differed from the official number one – including on the show's first top 10 countdown in May 1987.

No Videos
Many singles featured in the charts had no music videos produced for them. Most of these songs were in the specialist charts, though they occasionally appeared in the Top Ten.

In the early years, the problem was solved by showing a photo of the artist over a short excerpt from the song. As the show progressed, they had produced many various computer-generated sequences to accompany the audio clips. Due to the lack of an actual music video, the songs in question were never played in full.

There were exceptions to this; the first being Ride on Time by Black Box. The music video was not completed for several months after the song was released. In its first week at number one on the Top Ten, a photo of Catherine Quinol, believed at the time to be the band's vocalist, was shown over a short excerpt from the single. However, as it was still number one the following week, a performance that was filmed for then Saturday morning show Ghost Train was shown, which had Catherine Quinol and an unknown organist performing on a stage.

Another exception was Always by Bon Jovi. The music video wasn't shown two weeks after being first played. In its first week at number one on the Rock Chart which aired on 17 September 1994, slowed-down clips of Keep the Faith were shown.

Another notable example was Music Sounds Better with You by Stardust. This was number one on 15 August 1998 edition of the show and, similarly to Ride on Time, the music video wasn't completed until several months later. This time, a montage of past graphics from the show was put together, partially in response to viewer requests to see old graphics before the final episode.

In 1997, The Verve had refused to allow The Chart Show to show the video for their single Lucky Man. When the song was mentioned in the top ten and in the indie chart, a message was shown on the screen explaining that they refused to let the video appear on the show, unless the show was redesigned.

Sometimes, when an artist did not have a video for their single, footage of a previous video would be used, and sometimes slowed down or distorted to accompany the track that had no video or a live performance of the single. One notable example was Pearl Jam: From 1993 to 1997, Pearl Jam refused to make promo videos for their singles, and so The Chart Show often used footage from the band's "Even Flow" video to accompany a few seconds of their singles from that time, whenever they appeared on the Rock Chart.

Sponsorships
The show had three sponsors over the span of its life. These were Pepe Jeans (1991–1992), Twix between (1993–1996) and Tizer (1997). Tizer also sponsored The Chart Show's replacement, CD:UK, for several years. Unlike most sponsorships on UK television, these were incorporated into the show's titles as opposed to being shown as separate clips wrapped around the show in questions.

When Tizer became the new sponsor, the stings caused criticism as they were played at random moments during the titles and end credits, interrupting the show deliberately. Due to the irritation this caused, they were eventually dropped so that the show would run clean.

As part of 'The Vault' repeats, the sponsorships are now either blurred or edited out of the title sequences/end credits to avoid controversy.

Vault Repeats
Satellite channel The Vault began repeating 1991–92 and 1996–97 episodes from December 2006 on Saturday mornings, similar to the shows original timeslot on ITV, though not in chronological order. The first episode to be broadcast was the 1992 special. The Vault also aired repeats of the repeats on the following Thursday. Due to the sponsors of the show being included in the show's titles, The Vault had to re-edit the episodes and blur out the sponsors' logos, as they are no longer affiliated with the show. The Video Visuals logo was also cut from the episodes despite Video Visuals being part of CSC Media Group, which owns and operates The Vault.

The repeats also aired without the channel's "V" graphic in the corner of the screen, but on-screen competition graphics were aired and proved unpopular with viewers – such competition graphics still air to this day across the CSC Media Group network. On several occasions, episodes were cut off abruptly to unplanned commercial breaks and blank screens, and some airings were accidentally ones that had already been shown on The Vault's run of the show. One scheduled episode failed to air completely and was replaced with another programme, which led to a double bill being shown the following weekend.

The Vault has yet to air pre–1990 editions of the show or editions from 1993 to 1995 as said episodes were (and still are to this day) stored on unplayable formats, and the network does not have compatible machines equipped to play the episodes. The shows were allowed to be converted, but the conversions were apparently very expensive, and the chances of The Vault converting the episodes depended on the popularity of the repeats. However viewing figures began to drop, which led to the showings being dropped in July 2007, and the incompatible editions of the show were ultimately not converted.

In March 2008, Classic Chart Show returned to The Vault by popular demand. Unlike the previous run, the repeats were not advertised; the news only broke on The Vault's website. However, only four episodes were broadcast – two reportedly from the last run of repeats and two new repeats that suffered technical problems, one of which consisted of the first part being repeated three times. The repeats were dropped the following month.

The repeats eventually returned for a third time on Friday 28 November 2008, though re-edited. Instead of blurring the sponsor's logo during the title sequence, scenes displaying the sponsor are entirely cut, and the show starts from when the logo disappears. On 17 January 2009, a scheduled episode of the show failed to air for unknown reasons, and a regular run of music videos took its place. In May 2010, the Vault have been showing repeats of Chart Show episodes from 1997 and 1998 on the channel each day, at 3 pm and 10 pm. The repeats were dropped in March 2011.

Channel 4
For two weeks in January 2003, The Chart Show returned to Channel 4 in 60-minute segments in the morning, although these followed a different format, with a voiceover and absent of the faux video recorder graphics that the show was well known for. A similarly formatted version also ran on Chart Show TV during its first few months on air.

Chart Show TV
On 6 August 2008, a revival of The Chart Show aired on Chart Show TV. This version is somewhat closer to the original format than that of the short-lived 2003 version.

The revival retains some of the original features of the show, including the faux video recorder graphics and the Video Vault, including the original 1996 ident. New features include an Airplay Chart, Urban Chart, Download Chart and Interactive Chart. An NME TV Video Chart features which consists of music video as voted by users of the NME TV website.

The traditional specialist charts, Dance, Rock and Indie, are expected to appear under new identities, as the second episode featured a Flaunt Dance Chart.

End-of-year specials
Excluding 1994, the show would have an 'end-of-year' episode that featured 'best' and 'worst' awards as well as countdowns of the best-selling songs of the year.

Winners:

Best New Act

 * 1986 - The Housemartins - Happy Hour
 * 1987 - Wet Wet Wet - Sweet Little Mystery
 * 1988 - The Pasadenas - Tribute (Right On)
 * 1989 - The Beautiful South - You Keep It All In
 * 1990 - Beats International - Dub Be Good To Me
 * 1991 - Kenny Thomas - Outstanding
 * 1992 - Tasmin Archer - Sleeping Satellite
 * 1993 - Jamiroquai - Too Young To Die
 * 1995 - Supergrass - Alright
 * 1996 - Spice Girls - Say You'll Be There
 * 1997 - The Seahorses - Blinded by the Sun (as voted by the public)

Best Solo Artist

 * 1988 - Tracy Chapman - Fast Car
 * 1989 - Lisa Stansfield - All Around The World
 * 1990 - Harry Connick, Jr. - We Are in Love
 * 1991 - Seal - Crazy
 * 1992 - Curtis Stigers - I Wonder Why
 * 1993 - Björk - Big Time Sensuality
 * 1995 - Alanis Morissette - Hand in My Pocket
 * 1996 - Louise - Undivided Love
 * 1997 - Sheryl Crow - Everyday Is A Winding Road (as voted by the public)

Best Video of the Year

 * 1986 - Peter Gabriel - Sledgehammer
 * 1987 - New Order - True Faith
 * 1988 - Siouxsie and the Banshees - Peek-A-Boo
 * 1989 - Fine Young Cannibals - She Drives Me Crazy
 * 1990 - Paula Abdul - Opposites Attract
 * 1991 - Shakespears Sister - Goodbye Cruel World
 * 1992 - R.E.M. - Man on the Moon
 * 1993 - Peter Gabriel - Kiss That Frog
 * 1995 - Gavin Friday - Angel
 * 1996 - Jamiroquai - Virtual Insanity
 * 1997 - Various Artists - Perfect Day (as voted by the public)

Best Foreign Video

 * 1986 - Prince - Kiss
 * 1987 - Crowded House - Don't Dream Its Over
 * 1988 - Toni Childs - Don't Walk Away
 * 1989 - Malcolm McLaren - Waltz Darling

Best Band

 * 1997 - Texas - Say What You Want (as voted by the public)

Best Director

 * 1993 - Terence Trent D'Arby - She Kissed Me
 * 1995 - Tricky - Overcome

Worst Video of The Year

 * 1986 - Frankie Goes to Hollywood - Rage Hard
 * 1987 - Anita Dobson - Talking of Love
 * 1988 - Shakin' Stevens - True Love
 * 1989 - Edelweiss - I Can't Get No... Edelweiss
 * 1990 - David Hasselhoff - Crazy for You
 * 1991 - Barry Manilow - Jingle Bells
 * 1992 - The Troggs - Wild Thing
 * 1993 - Dusty Springfield & Cilla Black - Heart And Soul
 * 1995 - Denise Welch - You Don't Have To Say You Love Me
 * 1996 - Peter Ebdon - I Am A Clown
 * 1997 - Vanilla - No Way No Way

Funniest Video of the Year

 * 1988 - "Weird Al" Yankovic - Fat
 * 1989 - Bananarama with French and Saunders - Help
 * 1990 - DJ Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince - I Think I Can Beat Mike Tyson

Dance Chart

 * 1986 - Cameo - Word Up
 * 1987 - Rick Astley - Never Gonna Give You Up
 * 1988 - Yazz and the Plastic Population - The Only Way Is Up
 * 1989 - A Guy Called Gerald - Voodoo Ray
 * 1990 - Adamski - Killer
 * 1991 - Bizarre Inc - Playing With Knives
 * 1992 - Snap - Rhythm Is A Dancer

Best Dance Video

 * 1997 (Voted by the public)
 * 1. Puff Daddy & Faith Evans - I'll Be Missing You
 * 2. Dario G - Sunchyme
 * 3. Jamiroquai - Alright

Indie Chart

 * 1986 - The Smiths - Panic
 * 1987 - M/A/R/R/S - Pump Up The Volume
 * 1988 - Yazz and the Plastic Population - The Only Way Is Up
 * 1989 - Inspiral Carpets - Joe
 * 1990 - Happy Mondays - Step On
 * 1991 - Curve - Frozen E.P.
 * 1992 - Suede - The Drowners

Best Indie Video

 * 1993 - The Smashing Pumpkins - Today
 * 1995 - Björk - It's Oh So Quiet
 * 1996 - Rocket From The Crypt - On A Rope
 * 1997 (Voted by the public)
 * 1. Super Furry Animals - Play It Cool
 * 2. Oasis - Stand By Me
 * 3. Suede - Saturday Night

Heavy Metal/Rock Chart

 * 1986 - Bon Jovi - You Give Love A Bad Name
 * 1987 - Heart - Alone
 * 1988 - Iron Maiden - Can I Play With Madness
 * 1989 - Metallica - One
 * 1990 - Faith No More - Epic
 * 1991 - Bryan Adams - Everything I Do
 * 1992 - Ugly Kid Joe - Everything About You

Best Rock Video

 * 1997 (Voted by the public)
 * 1. Skunk Anansie - Hedonism
 * 2. Reef - Place Your Hands
 * 3. Green Day - Hitchin a Ride

Network Album Chart

 * 1986 - Dire Straits - Brothers in Arms
 * 1987 - U2 - Joshua Tree

Network Singles/The Top Ten/Top Twenty

 * 1986 - Nick Berry - Every Loser Wins
 * 1987 - Rick Astley - Never Gonna Give You Up
 * 1988 - Womack & Womack - Teardrops
 * 1989 - Black Box - Ride on Time
 * 1990 - Adamski - Killer
 * 1991 - Bryan Adams - Everything I Do
 * 1992 - Snap - Rhythm Is A Dancer
 * 1993 - 2 Unlimited - No Limit
 * 1995 - Celine Dion - Think Twice
 * 1996 - Mark Morrison - Return of the Mack
 * 1997 - Various Artists - Perfect Day

title: The Chart Show


text:
Ita

Ita or ITA may refer to :

Places and jurisdictions

 * ITA, ISO 3166-1 country code for Italy
 * Ita (Africa), an ancient city and former bishopric in Roman Mauretania, presently a Latin Catholic titular see
 * Itá, Paraguay

People

 * Ita (princess), Egyptian princess
 * Ita Buttrose (born 1942), Australian journalist and businesswoman
 * Ita Ever (1931–2023), Estonian actress
 * Ita Saks (1921–2003), Estonian translator and publicist
 * Ita Wegman (1876–1943), Dutch co-founder of Anthroposophical Medicine
 * Ida of Lorraine (11th century – 1113), mother of Godfrey of Bouillon
 * Íte of Killeedy (c.480–c.570), Irish nun and saint

Language

 * Initial Teaching Alphabet, a phonetic alphabet system formerly used in British, and some American, schools to teach children to read
 * Italian language, by ISO 639-2 language code
 * International Telegraph Alphabet, also known as Baudot code

Organizations and alliances

 * Independent Television Authority, the regulator for commercial television in the UK from 1954 until 1972
 * Independent Testing Authority, a certified voting system test laboratory
 * Indian Television Academy, organization that administers the Indian Television Academy Awards
 * Information Technology Agreement, a treaty on tariff regulation with a committee under the World Trade Organisation
 * Institute of Technology Assessment, a research unit of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna
 * Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica or Technological Institute of Aeronautics, a Brazilian engineering college
 * Integrated Transport Authority, the UK organisation overseeing Passenger Transport Executives
 * Intercollegiate Tennis Association, an organization of coaches and collegiate tennis players
 * International Tape Association, former name of the International Recording Media Association
 * International Technology Alliance, a research program initiated by the UK Ministry of Defence and the US Army Research Laboratory
 * International Testing Agency, an independent anti-doping organisation
 * International Track Association, an American professional track and field league of the mid-1970s
 * International Trade Administration, an agency of the United States Department of Commerce
 * Italian Trade Agency, an agency of the Italian Republic that fosters the export of Italian products
 * International Trombone Association
 * International Tunneling and Underground Space Association
 * ITA Airways, an Italian airline that replaced Alitalia (ICAO airline designator)
 * ITA Software, a travel industry software company acquired by Google in 2011
 * ITA Transportes Aéreos, a Brazilian airline

Other uses

 * Cyclone Ita, April 2014, Solomon Islands
 * Internal thoracic artery, a blood vessel in the thorax
 * Involuntary Treatment Act, refers to Washington State Involuntary Treatment Act or to a patient under such act
 * Indonesian Television Awards, annual Indonesian TV awards broadcast on MNC Media
 * [ita], a counterpart to [sic], Latin for "thus" or "just as", is inserted after quoted text to indicate it has been transcribed exactly as found in the source text, complete with any errors.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Ita


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Fruitbat

Leslie George Carter, known as Fruitbat (born 12 December 1958) is an English musician who was a member of Carter the Unstoppable Sex Machine.

Career
Carter played in a number of bands during the late 1970s, before meeting Jim Bob (James Robert Morrison) at The Orchestra Pit in Streatham, where their bands The Ballpoints and Dead Clergy used to rehearse. When The Ballpoints' bassist quit at the end of 1980, Les joined the band, who went on to change their name to Peter Pan's Playground. When Peter Pan's Playground split, Carter and Morrison continued to write together and formed the band Jamie Wednesday.

Jamie Wednesday broke up in 1987 after limited success. Jim Bob and Fruitbat stuck together and formed Carter USM, a band in which the two both played guitars and sang while a sequencer and drum machine played backing music. Carter USM had 14 Top 40 singles, one number one album and played over 800 gigs all over the world. A cycling enthusiast, he wore a cycling hat on stage in the early years which became a strong visual trademark for the band. He would often take his bike with him on Carter tours, much to the annoyance of Jim Bob, as detailed in the book, Goodnight Jim Bob.

One of Carter USM's most talked-about moments was when Fruitbat rugby tackled presenter Phillip Schofield on live TV, in front of millions of viewers at the Smash Hits music awards. Schofield made some remarks about the band's performance and Fruitbat has said he was "severely hammered" after drinking a crate of beer supplied by The Farm. The incident made the front pages of many national UK tabloids, and generated infamy for the band.

Carter USM split in 1997, but continued to play semi-regular gigs until bringing the band to a close in 2014. Carter still runs the Carter USM website and fan club and sells band merchandise. He currently lives in Folkestone, and has one current bands: his own, Abdoujaparov, and left Nottinghamshire folk/punk band Ferocious Dog three years ago, for which he played guitar. He plays bass in Keith Top Of The Pops & His Minor UK Indie Celebrity All-Star Backing Band. He also performs as Leslie George Carter, singing and playing acoustic guitar. In 2018 he formed Smokin' Donuts a short term project with long-time friend Doozer. This ceased in early 2020 pre lockdown. Leslie George Carter currently plays in Abdoujaparov, in a duo with Richy Abdou and can occasionally be found performing cameos with Nick Parker and the False Alarms.

Carter presented a weekly music show on Brentwood radio station, Phoenix FM between 2001 and 2011, and again in 2021.

title: Fruitbat


text:
Talk:Roman, Romania

County capital status
1. Stop calling Roman a city, it is just a town, and get rid of this fixation for the county. It is not the county that makes this town a historic place. :Luci S 14:24, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

2. Sorry, but it's obvious that you don't know Moldavia's history and you don't understand state intervention. Do you believe as a normal think the absurd idea that Roman's county reborn will help Hungary to destroy Romania ? (this idea was promoted by Alexandru Radu Timofte, director of SRI (Romanian Intelligence Service), who had pretended in 1990 that he was Roman county's senator, not Neamt county's senator in Romanian Senate, but some people changes their ideas). Liviu, August 13, 2005.

3. I lived in Roman during childhood, I was all my life registered as a Roman resident and the needs to travel to the county residence (such as renewing the passport, now possible in Roman too) can be counted on a hand's fingers. What are the implications of this change for you or for me or for other regular person? What were the important achievements that Roman obtained only because it was a county residence? The toughest of all: if you care so much about county-hood, where the Roman county hall was located?

Please stop inserting stories about 1989-1990 and the county capital status. There's no proof that a significant proportion asked for it. I 1990, when the law asked for a party to record at least 250 members, there was a party which asked for reestablishment of old counties. It received less than a thousand votes in Roman. Then, the question is, when we have such great history, why should anyone insert events that never happened? ("In Dec. 1989, Roman citizens asked for the Roman county reestablishment". When exactly was that and how did it exactly happened??? What is a communist county and do you discriminate it from a regular county?) It looks to me like fandalism. I'll promptly remove any similar stories about county capitals after 1989. Nothing notable happened in 1989 or 1990 - even the Revolution was almost inexistant (I was old enough to be there and remember.) This is mostly my work and I won't let you spoil it. If it's needed, I'll ask for IP ban.--Luci_Sandor (talk, contribs)  21:49, 24 December 2005 (UTC)

 * In light of that you are saying here, Luci (and I agree with you), why did you reject (as vandalism) my January 3rd 2006 edit when I removed the reference to Neamţ county as communist county? --User:Andrei Stroe 13:49, 2 February 2006

 * I repeat: What is a communist county and how do you discriminate it from a regular county? Basically what makes you believe that reform of the county system can't be done at any time? Why do you fail to understand the cycle of history, with heights and lows? If Sechelariu will finally succeed in buying the Orthodox Episcopal bishopric, how would you call the new chair of Bacau? The communist bishopric or the democratic bishopric?--Luci_Sandor (talk, contribs) [[Image:Flag of Europe.svg|20px]] [[Image:Flag of New Jersey.svg|20px]] 16:34, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

 * It's the general idea that everything was done during the communist time did was bad/evil. Also see: î/â spelling... bogdan 17:55, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Look at the page. We have lot of history. A ton of stories happened. Now look at Arad - maybe less history, but a lot about present times. Roman is a town with practically no public transportation, with no remarkable places to go, with a single notable high school (which actually lives through its past) and zero universities, where even the current inhabitants don't want to live (and they leave it for Spain, Italy or countryside). It's a village where everybody knows each other or, in the worse scenario, has a common acquaintance. And it should be county capital??? I was polite not to write these things in the main article.--Luci_Sandor (talk, contribs) [[Image:Flag of Europe.svg|20px]] [[Image:Flag of New Jersey.svg|20px]] 06:31, 3 February 2006 (UTC)

 * What is a communist county and how do you discriminate it from a regular county? Exactly my point. I'm not arguing pro or against the administrative system. I am not judging the general athmosphere among Roman's citizens, its past or present status. I am merely saying that refering to the Neamţ county as a communist county is misleading. It makes people think of it as a separate entity, with a communist dictatorial government of its own, and that is why I wanted to remove it. I won't try it again, since you know this article best, I am now only prompting you that it may be a necessary change on this page. Andrei Stroe 10:46, 3 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Oops... big big misunderstanding... my mistake... I was so used with people adding "communist county" so I think I haven't paid attention at the diff screen. You weer removing it, but I saw a red "communism" and I thought you added it. Sorry.--Luci_Sandor (talk, contribs) [[Image:Flag of Europe.svg|20px]] [[Image:Flag of New Jersey.svg|20px]] 09:17, 4 February 2006 (UTC)

Aquaviva
1558 On September 13, Johannes Künig, a Jesuit missionary, wrote to Society leader Claudio Aquaviva. Something seems wrong given Aquaviva (1543-1615) join the order in 1567. phe 20:25, 7 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Nice. I've been mislead. As any other info might be as doubtful as that, I will remove the referrence.--Luci_Sandor [[Image:Flag of Europe.svg|20px]] 23:19, 13 May 2006 (UTC)

Photos
I have uploaded on on Wikimedia Commons some pictures (not great, but usable imho) which I took last week when I went to Roman. Luci, maybe you could use them to illustrate the article. Your call.

title: Talk:Roman, Romania


text:
Iain Balshaw

Iain Robert Balshaw, MBE (born 18 April 1979) is an English former rugby union player who played on the wing or at full back for Bath, Leeds Carnegie, Gloucester and Biarritz Olympique. He won 35 international caps for England between 2000 and 2008, and three for the British & Irish Lions in 2001. He was a member of the England squad that won the 2003 Rugby World Cup.

Early life
Born 18 April 1979 in Blackburn, England, Balshaw was educated at the Jesuit Stonyhurst College in Lancashire.

Bath
At junior level he played for Preston Grasshoppers and joined Bath as a teenager in 1997. He made his senior debut in 1998, scoring thirteen tries in his first season.

Leeds Carnegie
After Balshaw's move to Leeds in July 2004, his game at club level flourished. Balshaw was out of action for the beginning of the season with a groin injury, but after three months of work with the Leeds medical staff he was back to fitness. He made his debut off the bench in the Tykes first home win of the season against Worcester Warriors. Balshaw's first start came away against Grenoble in the European Challenge Cup and he has featured in the starting line up for the Tykes subsequent games. After a run of five impressive starts Balshaw was rewarded with the captaincy for the Powergen Cup semi-final game against London Irish, and this performance saw him gain a recall to the England squad. He started the final itself, but he limped off injured early on in the game as his teammates went on to win the trophy.

Gloucester Rugby
Following Leeds Carnegie's relegation from the Guinness Premiership, in April 2006 Balshaw joined Gloucester Rugby. He made his debut against his old club Bath after making 106 Premiership appearances for Bath and Leeds scoring 38 tries.

Biarritz Olympique
Balshaw moved to Biarritz Olympique in 2009, as part of a large exodus of English players to the French Top 14.

On 11 July 2014, Balshaw announced his retirement from rugby with immediate effect after failing to recover from his knee injuries.

International career
Balshaw was picked on the replacements’ bench for every one of Englands internationals in 2000. He won his first cap for England in 2000 at the inaugural Six Nations Championship match against Ireland, coming on as a substitute. In November 2000, he came on late in the England-Australia autumn International at Twickenham to give Dan Luger a last minute winning try.

In the following 2001 Six Nations he finally made the starting line-up for England at full back and stunned the Welsh in the opening game at the Millennium Stadium; England winning 44–15. He toured Australia with the British & Irish Lions in June 2001, winning three test caps as a replacement.

The 2002/2003 season saw him as a member of the England squad for the tour of New Zealand and Australia, before joining the party for Churchill Cup matches in North America. He scored two tries in a 'non-cap' international against Japan in Tokyo in June 2002, having recovered from shoulder surgery that restricted him to nine games in the previous eleven months for Bath. Problems with injury meant that his subsequent international appearances were few, despite criticism Clive Woodward retained faith in his ability and selected him in the 2003 World Cup squad.

Balshaw played in the warm-up match against France in Marseille and impressed in England's World Cup game against Samoa, when he caught a diagonal kick from Jonny Wilkinson to score a crucial try in the 70th minute. He was one of 19 England players who played during the final win over Australia in Sydney, coming on as a replacement in extra time.

In the 2005 Lions tour of New Zealand he was selected ahead of Kevin Morgan and Mark Cueto, but later ruled out with a torn thigh muscle. Balshaw was selected for England in both Tests in Australia in June 2006.

He was also chosen in the first two Autumn Internationals in 2006. He played against New Zealand and then against Argentina where he scored an individual try.

He was England's first choice Fullback during the 2008 Six Nations Championship but received a lot of criticism from rugby pundits including George Hook. When Martin Johnson announced his first England squads in July 2008 following his appointment as manager, Balshaw was omitted from both the Elite and Saxon selections.

Personal life
Balshaw is married to Kate and they have three children. Balshaw was involved with www.rugbypigs.com, a rugby fanzine website.

Honours
Amlin Trophy Championship Winner 2012
 * Powergen Cup/Anglo-Welsh Cup titles: 1
 * 2005
 * Rugby World Cup Winner 2003

title: Iain Balshaw


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Keoka Maine Coons

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. – ABCD 23:13, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Keoka Maine Coons
Advertisment for a cattery, there is already and extensive Maine Coon article, delete --nixie 13:56, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, advertisement. FreplySpang (talk) 15:42, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete --Laura Scudder | Talk 17:46, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Jerzy Podbrożny

Jerzy "Gumiś" Podbrożny (born 17 December 1966 in Przemyśl) is a Polish former professional footballer who played as a striker. He is the player-manager of Orzeł Kampinos.

Biography
Podbrożny led the Polish league in scoring: in 1992 with 20 goals and in 1993 with 25 goals, both times for Lech Poznań. After winning the championship both those years, he transferred to Legia Warsaw, and promptly won the next two titles. In 1996, Podbrożny moved to Spain, first with CP Mérida and then with CD Toledo. He then signed with the Chicago Fire, coming to Major League Soccer in the club's inaugural season in 1998, joining fellow Polish internationals Peter Nowak and Roman Kosecki. Podbrożny went on to help the club to the MLS Cup and U.S. Open Cup double. He played two seasons in MLS, scoring 10 goals and 22 assists in league play. Fans loved him in Chicago for his candour.

Podbrożny was capped six times for the Poland national team.

In 2012, he became manager of amateur club Orzeł Kampinos, a post he has held continuously since.

Honours
Lech Poznań
 * Ekstraklasa: 1991–92, 1992–93
 * Polish Super Cup: 1992

Legia Warsaw
 * Ekstraklasa: 1993–94, 1994–95
 * Polish Cup: 1993–94, 1994–95
 * Polish Super Cup: 1994

Chicago Fire
 * MLS Cup: 1998
 * U.S. Open Cup: 1998

Individual
 * Ekstraklasa top scorer: 1991–92, 1992–93

title: Jerzy Podbrożny


text:
Hegira (novel)

Hegira is a 1979 science fiction novel by American writer Greg Bear. It deals with themes including cyclic time, artificial intelligence, artificial life, and artificial structures of planetary scale.

Plot summary
In the novel, "young" humans (recreations of the medieval originals) are transported through the Big Collapse, at the end of time, to seed the next cycle of the universe. They are transported to Hegira, an artificial environment of the scale of the planet Jupiter, which has habitats for several species on its surface. The habitats are protected and uncoupled from the universe's entropy by means of force fields projected by giant obelisks. In the human realm, these are inscribed with the recorded history of humankind, sorted chronologically from the bottom up, including the science that went with it. People try to understand and copy what they can read on the obelisks, using balloons in some places to reach higher points on the obelisks.

A legend tells the protagonist that his beloved (frozen in stasis) will awaken if he goes on quest to the rim walls of the habitat, and he does so. On the way, he lands on an island with a good view of an obelisk (at least 1000 mi high) which is just tumbling down in the distance. Its fall causes a tsunami and devastates a continent. After the devastation, the inscriptions at the top of the fallen obelisk about human history are revealed. The hero's quest to the rim succeeds. He makes contact with an artificial intelligence guardian of Hegira, who tells him the story and advises him to go and populate the new universe since he has become part of the last one.

Reviews

 * Review by Scott Edelman (1979) in Science Fiction & Fantasy Book Review, July 1979
 * Review by Richard E. Geis (1979) in Science Fiction Review, August 1979
 * Review by Michael Bishop (1980) in The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction, January 1980
 * Review by David Langford [as by Dave Langford] (1980) in Foundation, #18 January 1980
 * Review by Orson Scott Card (1980) in Destinies, February-March 1980
 * Review [German] by uncredited (1982) in Reclams Science Fiction Führer
 * Review [German] by Michael Nagula [as by Maik] (1983) in Perry Rhodan, #291: Brücke zwischen den Sternen?
 * Review by David Wingrove (1987) in Vector 139
 * Review by Paul Kincaid (1988) in Paperback Inferno, #72
 * Review by uncredited (2000) in Vector 210

title: Hegira (novel)


text:
User talk:Sikhphilosophy

Welcome to the Wikipedia
I noticed you were new, and wanted to share some links I thought useful:

 * Tutorial
 * Help desk
 * Foundation issues
 * Policy Library

For more information click  here . You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

Sam Spade Apply now, exciting opportunities available at Spade & Archer! 14:01, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sikhphilosophy


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/KSEX

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 21:18, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)

KSEX
Porn internet-radio station. Was tagged and detagged for speedy, I'm bringing it here because it might be regarded as promotion and I'm not sure how to test notability for this kind of thing. 66,600 google hits for a porn internet-radio station. Kappa 14:01, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Notable radio station. Article needs expansion, but is a viable topic. 23skidoo 19:23, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep radiostations, especially porn ones. Grue 20:11, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * It would appear that it is an internet 'radio' station. Anyone with broadband could set up an internet 'radio' station. Average Earthman 22:39, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, it's concept is quite original, at least I haven't heard of porn radio stations before. The fact that one of the hosts is a porn actress with "world gang bang record" only adds to notability. Grue 06:06, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * The latest internet fad meets porn. And you're surprised? Average Earthman 15:37, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm surprised it even took this long. Megan1967 09:58, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't think radio stations are inherently notable, not in this day and age of media consolidation. There are some stations notable for being pioneer stations (KDKA and WBZ come to mind), and others that are regionally notable for one reason or another, and a borderline case might be WXKS-FM in Boston (Kiss 108, Just Another Clear Channel Slushbomb), whose main point of notability is its sponsorship of the annual Kiss Concert, which is a fairly high-profile free concert. And then you've got (again in the Boston market) WKOX, whose only claim to fame is being one of the local outlets for Air America Radio -- not notable enough IMHO. As for web radio... well... not so much. But see my point below. Haikupoet 22:24, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, nn. Grue's reasoning seems specious.  RickK 23:28, Apr 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. If there is one thing we don't need it is advertising for pornographic radio stations. Sjakkalle 09:05, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: pr0ncruft. Wile E. Heresiarch 23:05, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete internet radio stations --nixie 02:24, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unless article establishes notability. Gamaliel 02:26, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep -- it's more or less the radio equivalent of Adult Video News, and appears to be fairly notable within the porn industry. I personally would enjoy it much more if there was other sexual content that didn't revolve around the porn industry per se, but that's a personal opinion, not a vote. Fact is KSEX is notable for being about the only service in its particular niche. Haikupoet 22:24, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. It's at least as notable as all the individual radio masts and power lines that have their own articles. Mel Etitis  ( Μελ Ετητης ) 10:18, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, notable and unique. I agree with Rick though on Grues reasoning. Megan1967 05:58, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/KSEX


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Abdoujaparov

Abdoujaparov are a punk band formed on 19 October 1998 by ex-Carter USM guitarist Les Carter (aka Fruitbat). Abdoujaparov's musical foundation is in 1977 punk rock.

Eight EPs, two singles and four albums have been released so far. A compilation CD featuring tracks from the first 3 EPs was released by Pop Gun in Australia. The band has toured the UK, Germany, Australia and America.

Les and guitarist Richy Crockford have also recorded and toured under the name iDou, which consists of the two playing guitars over a backing track supplied by an iPod Shuffle.

The band composed the song Pop Pop Pop for the 2004 video game Airburst Extreme. and Les and Richy wrote the music featured in the Xbox live arcade game TotemBall.

The band is named after a professional cyclist Djamolidine Abdoujaparov, from Uzbekistan.

Discography
Albums
 * Air Odeon Disco Pub (2002)
 * Cycle Riot History Gang (2007)
 * Seaside Arcade Bingo Patrol (2014)
 * Race Home Grow Love (2021)

EPs
 * Punk Confetti (1998)
 * Maria's Umbrella (1999)
 * Baby Food (1999)
 * Just Shut Up! (2000)
 * Emergency Medical Hologram (2001)
 * Well Oiled (2003)
 * Ultra Cool (2005)
 * Uncle Fruity (2013)

Singles
 * Murder (on Dalberg Rd)
 * Emergency Medical Hologram (2001)

Misc
 * Djamolidine (1999)
 * Live at the Astoria (2002)
 * Free Bonus CD (2002)
 * Cycle Riot History Gang Bonus Disk (2007)
 * Rock Space Bingo Beaver (2014)

iDou
 * Perfect Hands (2006)

title: Abdoujaparov


text:
Talk:The Erlking

Let's just redirect to Der Erlkönig and forget this shall we?
 * I tagged them with merge, since The Erlking has a little that Der Erlkönig doesn't and I'm not sure which way they should go. Kappa 14:46, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Perhaps this one should become a seperate Erlking_(Schubert), which could be linked from the other, since the musical information here is specific to Shubert's leid and not to Goethe's poem or other settings of that poem.

title: Talk:The Erlking


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Saleem (playwright)

Saleem (Saleem Azzouqa) is a Palestinian-American gay Muslim playwright, actor, DJ, and dancer.

Biography
Saleem was born and raised in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, finished college in Dhahran (graduating in business in 1984), moved to the United States in 1985. There he earned an MBA at Colorado State University, and he has since lived in Los Angeles and San Francisco, California, in the United States.

Saleem was the recipient of a 1996 GLAAD Harvey Fierstein Award for Best Original Writing for his semi-autobiographical play Salam Shalom: A Tale Of Passion, a two-act love story. As a dancer, Saleem developed his own style which incorporates belly dancing, gypsy movements, flamenco and jazz to produce what he calls "free style belly dancing".

In 2010, referring to the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, he said: "I think things will change and will change for the worse. It doesn’t look good."

title: Saleem (playwright)


text:
List of banks in the United Kingdom

This is a list of banks operating in the United Kingdom.

Central bank
The Bank of England is the central bank of the United Kingdom.

The Big Four
British banking has been highly consolidated since the early 20th century. Unlike some other major economies, the UK does not have a major stratum of independent local banks. The number of independent banks shrank further during 2008: Northern Rock was nationalised by the UK Government (and is now owned by Virgin Money), followed by Bradford & Bingley; Alliance & Leicester was acquired by Santander, who merged it into Santander UK. On 18 September 2008, Lloyds TSB plc entered into a confirmed agreement to take over HBOS plc, which took effect on 19 January 2009, when HBOS was acquired and folded into Lloyds Banking Group.

The retail and commercial banking markets are dominated by HSBC, Barclays, Lloyds Banking Group, NatWest Group and Spanish-owned Santander UK (most of these companies operate more than one banking brand in the UK).

Banks incorporated in the UK
A full list of businesses considered banks by the Prudential Regulation Authority are listed in the table below. The list is based on the definition of 'bank' in the glossary of the PRA Handbook.

There is also a government-run savings bank called National Savings and Investments.

British retail banks
These banks provide retail services to the general public. Retail banks are usually known as High street banks as they traditionally had multiple branch locations in the cities and towns across the UK. However 40% of branches closed between 2012 and 2022. Four British retail banks have never had a physical branch presence.

The retail and commercial banking markets are dominated by five big banks. HSBC, Barclays, Lloyds Banking Group, NatWest Group and Spanish-owned Santander UK who operate more than one banking brand in the UK.

Retail banks owned by retailers
There are a number of other retail banking businesses owned by retailers including:
 * Post Office Money, the trading name used by Post Office Ltd for its branded financial products, most of which are provided by Bank of Ireland UK
 * Sainsbury's Bank, owned by British supermarket company Sainsbury's.
 * Tesco Bank, owned by British supermarket company Tesco.
 * Harrods Bank was acquired by Tandem Money Limited on 11 January 2018

UK banking brands owned by foreign banks

 * Allied Irish Bank (GB) and First Trust Bank, owned by AIB Group of the Republic of Ireland
 * Al Rayan Bank, owned by Masraf Al Rayan of Qatar
 * Axis Bank UK, owned by Axis Bank of India
 * Bank of Ceylon (UK), owned by Bank of Ceylon of Sri Lanka
 * Bank of Baroda (UK), owned by Bank of Baroda of India
 * Bank of China (UK), owned by Bank of China
 * Bank of India (UK), owned by Bank of India
 * Bank Sepah International plc, owned by Bank Sepah of Iran
 * FCMB Bank (UK) Limited, owned by First City Monument Bank of Nigeria
 * Zenith Bank (UK), owned by Zenith Bank of Nigeria
 * Bank of Ireland UK, owned by Bank of Ireland of the Republic of Ireland; one of the leading banks in Northern Ireland, and present in Great Britain to a lesser extent
 * Citibank (UK), owned by Citigroup of the United States
 * ICBC (London) plc, by Industrial and Commercial Bank of China
 * ICICI Bank (UK), owned by ICICI Bank of India
 * Danske Bank (formerly Northern Bank), owned by Danske Bank of Denmark
 * Habib Bank UK, owned by Habib Bank of Pakistan
 * Punjab National Bank (International), owned by Punjab National Bank of India
 * RCI Bank UK, owned by RCI Banque SA
 * Santander UK (formerly Abbey, Alliance & Leicester and Bradford & Bingley), owned by Santander Group of Spain
 * SEB (UK), owned by Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken, Sweden
 * State Bank of India (UK), owned by State Bank of India
 * Svenska Handelsbanken, UK Branch
 * The Bank of East Asia, UK Branch
 * TSB Bank, part of Sabadell Group, headquartered in Spain
 * Union Bank of India (UK) Ltd, owned by Union Bank of India of India
 * United Bank UK, owned by United Bank Limited of Pakistan

Building societies in the UK
The other main class of consumer financial service organisation in the United Kingdom is the building society. The building society sector has become much smaller with fewer building societies. This was caused, firstly, a number of building societies demutualising in the 1980s and 1990s and subsequently, taken over by banks. Secondly, there has been ongoing consolidation via mergers between societies.

There are 42 building societies in the UK as of 2021 which provide retail banking services to the general public. The five largest as of October 2020 are:

title: List of banks in the United Kingdom


text:
Tesco Bank

Tesco Personal Finance plc, trading as Tesco Bank, is a British retail bank which was formed in July 1997 (as Tesco Personal Finance). The bank was formed as part of a 50:50 joint venture between The Royal Bank of Scotland and Tesco, the largest supermarket in the United Kingdom, employing 2,800 people.

Tesco later acquired Royal Bank of Scotland shareholding, which resulted in the bank becoming a wholly owned subsidiary, and now operates under its own banking license under the Financial Services Compensation Scheme. The bank offers a range of insurance, credit cards, loans, savings, mortgages and travel products. Tesco Bank also launched a current account in June 2014, but has since stopped accepting new current account applications, and all existing current accounts were closed in November 2021.

Tesco Bank customers can accumulate Tesco Clubcard points when they purchase finance products.

History
Prior to the formation of Tesco Personal Finance plc, Tesco had a banking joint venture with NatWest, which ended in February 1997. TPF was formed in July 1997, following the successful launch of Sainsbury's Bank by its main competitor, Sainsbury's. The bank was launched as a joint venture with the Royal Bank of Scotland, which processed all its financial transactions.

Subsidiary companies of the Royal Bank, such as Direct Line, UKI and Lombard Direct helped Tesco Personal Finance provide insurance products. In July 2008, Tesco announced that they were buying out the Royal Bank of Scotland's 50% stake in the company for £950 million, and the transaction was completed later that year. In October 2009, Tesco Personal Finance was renamed Tesco Bank.

In February 2024, Barclays announced the acquisition of the bank's credit cards, loans and savings operations for £700 million, with Tesco retaining its insurance, ATMs, travel money and gift card operations.

Services
Tesco Bank provides a range of personal accounts, including credit cards, loans, savings accounts, insurance and foreign currency exchange. Mortgages were added in August 2012, after briefly offering products provided by First Active in November 2004. The bank confirmed in December 2013 that it planned to launch a current account, and the first account was launched on 10 June 2014. Tesco Bank launched its first mobile app in 2014, supporting its core transactional products (Current and Savings accounts as well as Credit cards). In subsequent years it launched a number of innovative features including “balance peek” in 2015 and was the first bank in the world to deploy an app for Apple Watch at its launch in 2015.

Tesco Bank sold its mortgage portfolio to Lloyds Banking Group in September 2019, and in February 2020, the bank also decided to stop offering current accounts to new customers. On 26 July 2021, Tesco Bank announced it will be closing all current accounts held by its customers, citing "limited activity".

Locations
The bank is registered in Scotland at 2 South Gyle Crescent, Edinburgh EH12 9FQ. While operating as a joint venture, the bank shared its registered office with RBS at St Andrew Square, Edinburgh. In July 2010, Tesco Bank opened two major offices at Quorum Business Park in Newcastle, and a larger one at Broadway One in Glasgow. Since then, there has also been an office opened in South Gyle, Edinburgh.

During March 2009, Tesco initiated a plan to roll out in store branches, under the Tesco Bank branding. On 14 May 2016, Tesco Bank closed all three remaining branches, with a focus on being a completely online bank.

In addition, there are over three hundred Tesco Travel Money Bureaux, an in store bureau de change, managed by a joint venture with Travelex.

Fraud incident 2016
On 6 November 2016, British newspapers reported that customers of Tesco Bank were reporting that hundreds or in some cases thousands of pounds had been lost from their accounts, with some reporting unauthorised card transactions originating in Brazil. The following day, the bank suspended online transactions, and made a statement saying up to 40,000 customers had been affected.

Shares in the retails group fell 3% on the news. On Tuesday 8 November, the chief executive of the UK Financial Conduct Authority was asked for a summary of the issue by a Parliamentary committee, and said of the attack that "There are elements of this that look unprecedented and it is serious, clearly". The bank declared that the cyber attack resulted in the loss of £2.5 million. Later, United Kingdom's Financial Conduct Authority asked the bank to pay £16.4 million as the penalty.

title: Tesco Bank


text:
Talk:Transatlanticism

Term
Is transatlanticism a real word???? 64.228.137.38 9 April 2006
 * No, but it's the real name of an album.--Hraefen Talk 18:43, 28 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes, transatlanticism is a word. 72.78.178.254 03:01, 22 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Yes, you can see it being used in 1933 and 1995 in books In ictu oculi (talk) 23:47, 27 December 2017 (UTC)

This album is connected

 * All song titles serve as redirects to this album, have their own pages, or have been placed at the appropriate disambiguation pages.--Hraefen Talk 18:43, 28 July 2006 (UTC)

Edit warring over multiple Pitchfork Media scores
The ratings template should not have more than 10 reviews represented; you're adding an 11th in what appears to be an attempt to paint a more positive picture of the album's reception (by Pitchfork, specifically). Your edits violate the score limit and the neutrality expected in having a ratings template (MOS:ALBUM). There are other positive scores representing positive reviews of the album. There's no point having another one, especially if it means jamming it into a template that would over-represent either positive scores or a particular publication (WP:NPOV) Dan56 (talk) 20:36, 21 May 2016 (UTC)

Apologies for the needless aggression on my end - but could have mentioned beforehand instead of "no purpose" as would have stopped editing after reading. Again, apologies. (Wasn't originally a "better light" thing though - saw it on a few other pages and thought it looked better with a revision from a site). --109.156.89.116 (talk) 21:10, 21 May 2016 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Transatlanticism (disambiguation) which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 05:49, 7 May 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Transatlanticism


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Glossary of rowing terms

In competitive rowing, the following specialized terms are important in the corresponding aspects of the sport:

Boat classes
In competitive rowing events, abbreviations are used for different boat classes.

 * Weight:
 * L, LWT or Lt: Lightweight rowing
 * If not present the crew is open weight

 * Age:
 * J: Junior(Under 19 years of age)
 * B: Senior B (Under 23 years of age)
 * Masters: over 27, includes a letter designation for the average age of the crew:
 * A – 27 years of age and older
 * B – 36 years of age and older
 * C – 43 years of age and older
 * D – 50 years of age and older
 * E – 55 years of age and older
 * F – 60 years of age and older
 * G – 65 years of age and older
 * H – 70 years of age and older
 * I – 75 years of age and older
 * J – 80 years of age and older
 * If none of these abbreviations are present the crew is Senior A
 * These age categories are effectively common to both FISA (Bye-Law to Rule 27) and USRowing (Rule 4–104) rules. USRowing also designates a AA category for ages 21–26, and defines Masters as over 21 rather than 27.
 * There are no age restrictions for coxswains and their age is not factored into the average age of the crew.

 * Gender:
 * M: Men's
 * W: Women's
 * Mixed: Equal numbers of either gender (excluding coxswain)

 * Crew Size:
 * 1, 2, 4, 8: The number of rowers in the crew. It is common to use Roman numerals, especially when referring to a VIII.

 * Discipline:
 * x: Sculling boat
 * If not present then the boat is sweep-oar

 * Coxswain:
 * +: Coxed (with coxswain)
 * -: Coxless (without coxswain)
 * If not present then the boat is coxless, except for an eight.

 * Examples:

 * M8+ = Men's eight
 * W4- = Women's coxless four (or "straight four")
 * LM2- = Lightweight men's coxless pair
 * BM1x = Men's single sculls under age 23
 * JW4x = Junior women's quad
 * Masters WC2x = Masters women's double sculls with average crew age between 43–49
 * Mixed Masters 8+ = Eight with 4 women and 4 men as rowers and a coxswain of either gender

Athletes

 * Ambidextrous (UK) and bisweptual (US): A rower who can row both on stroke side and bow side.
 * Bow (or bow seat) : The rower closest to the front or bow of a multi-person shell. In coxless boats, often the person who keeps an eye on the water behind them to avoid accidents.
 * Bowside : (UK) Any sweep rower who rows with the oar on the bowside (usually, the right or starboard side) of the boat.
 * Coxswain or "cox": The oar-less crew-member, usually included, who is responsible for steering and race strategy. The coxswain either sits in the stern or lies in the bow of the boat, and faces in the direction of travel.
 * Engine room : The middle rowers in the boat. In an 8-person shell, these are generally the rowers in seats 6, 5, 4 and 3. They are generally the biggest and strongest rowers, who provide most of the power to the boat. Also called Power House.

 * Hammer: A rower known more for their powerful pulling rather than technical rowing proficiency.
 * Heavyweight : A rower who weighs more than the limit for lightweight rowing. Often referred to as Open weight.
 * Lightweight : A rower whose weight allows them to be eligible to compete in lightweight rowing events.
 * Novices or novicing: Rowers who are rowing for their first year, or (in the UK) a rower who has not won a qualifying regatta.
 * Port: (US) A sweep rower who rows with the oar on the port or left side of the boat. This means that the oar blade is placed to the rower's right side.

 * Sculler : A rower who rows with two oars, one in each hand.
 * Seat number : A rower's position in the boat counting up from the bow. In an eight, the person closest to the bow of the boat is 1 or "bow," the next is 2, followed by 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and finally 8 or "stroke." In certain countries the seats are numbered the opposite way, from stroke up to bow.
 * Starboard : (US) A sweep rower who rows with the oar on the starboard or right side of the boat. This means that the oar blade is placed to the rower's left side.
 * Stroke or stroke seat: The rower closest to the stern of the boat, responsible for the stroke rate and rhythm.
 * Stroke side : (UK) Any sweep rower who rows with the oar on the stroke side (usually, the left or port side) of the boat.
 * Sweep : A style of rowing in which each rower uses one oar.
 * Wash: The wake from a motorized boat, disliked by rowers as the wash affects the boat stability and can cause water to flood over the gunwales.

Boats
Sometimes called "shells" in the US

Sweep
In a sweep boat, each rower has one oar.
 * Eight (8+) : A shell with 8 rowers. Along with the single scull, it is traditionally considered to be the blue ribbon event. Always with coxswain because of the size, weight and speed of the boat – bow loader eights exist but are banned from most competitions for safety reasons.
 * Four (4-) or (4+) : A shell with 4 rowers. Coxless fours (4-) are often referred to as straight fours, and are commonly used by lightweight and elite crews and are raced at the Olympics. In club and school rowing, one more frequently sees a coxed four (4+) which is easier to row, and has a coxswain to steer.
 * Pair (2-) or (2+): A shell with 2 rowers. The Coxless pair (2-), often called a straight pair, is a demanding but satisfying boat to master. Coxed pairs (2+) are rarely rowed by most club and school programs. It is no longer an Olympic class event, but it continues to be rowed at the World Rowing Championships.

Sculling
In a sculling boat, each rower has two oars or 'sculls', one on each side of the boat.
 * Octuple (8x): A shell having 8 rowers with two oars each. Generally a training boat, but raced by juniors in the UK.
 * Quad (4x): A shell having 4 rowers with two oars each. Can be coxed (4x+) but is usually coxless (4x-).
 * Triple (3x): A shell for three scullers with two oars each, usually without a coxswain. These boats are considerably rare.
 * Double (2x): A shell for two scullers generally without a coxswain.
 * Single (1x) : A shell designed for an individual sculler. Very good for skill development, particularly beginners, and a very competitive class at world events, WRC. Extremely rare is the coxed single which is only used as a training boat or for adaptive rowing.

Open-water boat
A shell with positive flotation, self-bailing capacity, a non-binding stretcher, and no forestay so re-entry is easier. These boats are generally shorter and wider at the waterline than boats designed for flat-water racing.

Equipment, parts of the boat
Rigging is how the boat is outfitted, including all of the apparatuses (oars, outriggers, oarlocks, sliding seats, etcetera) attached to a boat that allow the rower to propel the boat through the water. The term comes from an old Old English wrigan or wrihan, which means "to clothe." It literally means to outfit or clothe a boat. Rigging also refers to the configuration of the boat and settings of the apparatuses. The following terms are often associated with a boat's rigging, along with other often used terms for equipment used in rowing.
 * Backstay : A brace which is part of the rigger of sweep rowing boats, which extends toward the bow from the top of the pin.
 * Backstop : The stop mechanism on the seat slides which prevents the rower's seat from falling off the sliding tracks at the back end (towards the boat's bow) of the slide tracks. Also, in the UK, the sliding seat position closest to the boat's bow. As a command, it instructs the crew to adopt this position. (The US calls this seat position the "back end").
 * Blade : The spoon or hatchet/cleaver shaped end of the oar. Also used to refer to the entire oar.
 * Bowloader / bowcox / bow steered : A shell in which the coxswain seat is near the bow of the boat rather than its stern. The seat in a bow loader partially enclosed and is designed so that the coxswain is virtually lying down, in order to reduce wind resistance and distribute the coxswain's weight so as to create a lower center of gravity.
 * Bow : The front section of a shell; the first section of the shell to cross the finish line.
 * Bow ball : A small, soft ball no smaller than 4 cm diameter securely attached to a rowing or sculling boat's bow. Primarily intended for safety, but also used in deciding which boat crossed the finish line first in very close races.
 * Bow number : A card displaying the lane number assigned to the boat for a race.
 * Bow rigged: (UK) The person stroking the boat has their oar on the bowside (starboard or right) rather than the usual strokeside of the boat.
 * Bowside : (UK) The [starboard] or right side of a boat. Derives from the tradition of having the bow rower's oar be on the starboard or right side of the boat.

 * Bucket rigged: a way of rigging a boat so that a pair of rowers both row on the same side of the boat, contrary to rigging on alternate sides. In eights, double and triple buckets are possible (variants also known as German rigged, Italian rigged or tandem-rigged).

 * Canvas : The deck of the bow and stern of the boat, which were traditionally covered with canvas.
 * Cleaver blade : Modern oar blades that have a more rectangular hatchet-shape. (also hatchet blade)
 * Collar / Button : A wide plastic ring placed around the sleeve of an oar. The button stops the oar from slipping through the oarlock.
 * Cox box: Portable voice amplifier; may also optionally incorporate digital readouts displaying stroke rate, boat speed and times.
 * Coxmate: A portable amplification device, similar to a coxbox, incorporating a digital readout. Higher-end models may also have a built in radio and speed sensor.
 * Empacher slot : A UK term for the clip at the on the top of the bow for holding racing number plates.
 * Ergometer (also ergo or erg) : An indoor rowing machine.
 * Foot stretcher : An adjustable footplate, to which a pair of shoes is typically attached, which allows the rower to easily adjust their physical position relative to the slide and the oarlock. The footplate can be moved (or "stretched") either closer to or farther away from the slide frontstops. (also "Footplate", "Footchock", "Footstop", or "Stretcher")
 * Frontstop : The stop mechanism on the seat slides which prevents the rower's seat from falling off the sliding tracks at the front end (towards the boat's stern) of the slide tracks. Also, in the UK, the sliding seat position closest to the boat's stern. As a command, it instructs the crew to adopt this position. (The US calls this seat position the "front end")
 * Gate : (UK) Bar across the top of rowlock, secured with a nut, which prevents the oar from coming out of the rowlock. Also historically used to refer to the oarlock or rowlock. Swivel (US)

 * Gunwales : (pronounced: gunnels) The top rail of the shell (also called Saxboard)
 * Handle : The part of the oar that the rowers hold and pull with during the stroke.
 * Hatchet blade : Modern oar blades that have a more rectangular hatchet-shape and which are not symmetrical. (also cleaver blade)
 * Hull : The actual body of the shell.
 * Inboard : The length of the oar shaft measured from the button (or from the pin) to the handle.
 * Keelson : A structure timber resembling the keel, but on the inside of the shell.
 * Launch: A motorboat used by rowing instructors, coaches or umpires. Referred to as a "coach boat" in Canada.
 * Leather/sleeve : A thick piece of leather (plastic on modern oars) around the oar to keep the oar lock from wearing out the shaft of the oar (typically wood or carbon fiber).
 * Lines : The ropes held by the coxswain to control the rudder.
 * Loom : The part of the oar between the blade and the handle.
 * Macon blade : Traditional U-shaped oar blade. (also spoon blade and tulip)
 * Oar : A slender pole which is attached to a boat at the Oarlock. One end of the pole, called the "handle," is gripped by the rower, the other end has a "blade," which is placed in the water during the propulsive phase of the stroke.
 * Oarlock : The rectangular lock at the end of the rigger which physically attaches the oar to the boat. The oarlock also allows the rower to rotate the oar blade between the "square" and "feather" positions. Also historically called 'Rowing Gate' by some manufacturers.
 * Outboard : The length of the oar shaft measured from the button to the tip of the blade.
 * Outrigger : (See Rigger)
 * Pin : The vertical metal rod on which the rowlock rotates.
 * Pogies/poagies :A type of glove covering only the hand leaving the fingers exposed. These allow the rower to grip the oar while also warming the hands, used frequently by rowers in colder climates.
 * Port or portside: (US) The left side of the boat when facing toward the bow (strokeside in UK).
 * Ribs : The name given to the curved parts of the boat to which the skin of the hull is attached. They are typically made of wood, aluminum or composite materials and provide structural integrity. (see also shoulder).
 * Rigger : Rowing slang name for an outrigger. It is a projection from the side (gunwale) of a racing shell. The oarlock is attached to the far end of the rigger away from the boat. The rigger allows the racing shell to be narrow thereby decreasing drag, while at the same time placing the oarlock at a point that optimizes leverage of the oar. There are several styles of riggers, typically attached either to the side of the hull or to the top of the gunwales. The most common is the triangle frame or Euro rigger (USA), with two points attached to the boat (and almost always with a backstay in addition), and the third point being where the oarlock (gate) is placed.  Rigging refers to whether a boat is stroked by a port or starboard (i.e. port-rigged, starboard-rigged). With sweep rowing, riggers typically alternate sides, though it is not uncommon to see two adjacent seats rigged on the same side of the boat. (see bucket rigged)
 * Rollers : The wheels upon which the seat travels along its track.
 * Rowlock : Often used in the UK to for an Oarlock (see above). Also historically called 'Rowing Gate' by some manufacturers.
 * Rudder : Adjacent to the skeg and used by the coxswain (or in some coxless boats, by a rower using a "toe" or foot steering mechanism) to steer the boat via attached cables. Extra-large rudders are used on narrower and/or bendier rivers.
 * Saxboard : The sides and top edge of a boat, to which the riggers attach – see also Gunwales
 * Scull : (a) An oar made to be used in a sculling boat where each rower has two oars, one per hand (b) A boat (shell) that is propelled using sculling oars, e.g., a "single scull," is a one-person boat where the rower has two oars.
 * Seat : Molded seat mounted on wheels, single action or double action. Single action is fixed bearing wheel, double action is wheel on axle that rolls on track and rolls on horns of seat. A secondary meaning of location in the shell, the bow seat is one, and is numbered upward to the stroke seat (8, in an 8-man shell). Thirdly can mean a competitive advantage in a race, to lead a competitor by a seat is to be in front of them by the length of a single rower's section of a shell.
 * Seating : Seating positions in a racing shell are generally numbered from the bow to the stern in English-speaking countries, unlike many non-English-speaking countries which count from the Stroke forward. Generally the forwardmost rower is called the "Bow" and the aftmost rower the "Stroke", regardless of the number of rowers in the boat, with all other seats simply being numbered.  So for instance the crew of an eight (with coxswain) would number off from the bow: "Bow", "Two", "Three", "Four", "Five", "Six", "Seven", "Stroke", whereas a four (with or without coxswain) or a quad would number off: "Bow", "Two", "Three", "Stroke".
 * Shell : The boat used for rowing.
 * Shoulder : Load bearing supports that mount rigger and attach to keel of boat. (also knee)
 * Skeg (or fin) : Thin piece of flat metal or plastic that helps stabilize the shell in the water, and is often positioned so that it protects the rudder.
 * Slides (or tracks) : Hollow rails upon which a rower or sculler's sliding seat will roll. Older shells had double wheels rolling on convex rails.
 * Slings : Folding, portable temporary boat holders. Two are required to hold a boat.
 * Smoothie :A blade design developed by Concept2 in which the face of the oar blade is smooth, without the traditional central spine. Later designs called Smoothie Vortex, Fat Smoothie.
 * Speed coach :A device mounted on the keel that determines the boat's speed based on the speed of a small propeller and transmits this information to the coxbox.
 * Spoon blade : Traditional U-shaped oar blade, which is symmetrical down the center of the shaft. (also Macon blade or "Tulip")
 * Starboard (or starboard side) : (US) The right side of the boat when facing forward. (Bowside in UK)
 * Starboard rigged: (US) A boat where the stroke rower is a starboard rower. (Bow rigged in UK)
 * Starting gate : A structure at the starting line of the race. The shell is "backed" into the starting gate. Once in the gates a mechanism, or a person lying on the starting gate, holds the stern of the shell.
 * State room :The space between the gunwales (UK).
 * Stern : The rear section of a shell.
 * Stretcher : A slang abbreviation for foot stretchers.
 * Strokeside : (UK) The port or left side of the boat (even if the boat is bow rigged). Derives from the tradition of having the stroke rower's oar on the port or left side of the boat.
 * Toe : In some boats without a coxswain, a rower may be able to control the rudder and steer the boat by changing the direction their foot points. This is called "toeing a boat."  And the mechanism is called a "toe." (also: "foot steering")
 * Top-Nut : The nut which screws onto the top of the pin holding the Rowlock in place.
 * Tracks : (see Slides)
 * Tulip : (see Spoon blade)
 * Wheel : (see Roller)
 * Wing rigger : More modern version of an outrigger in the shape of a wing. It has a stiffer workthru which makes the boat more responsive to the power of the stroke. This can also have the extra support of a backstay.

Commands

 * "Let it/her fly" : Command when everyone in the shell lifts their oar out of the water and balance the shell to make the shell glide on the water.
 * "(#) At the catch" : Command to tell the rowers to put their oars in water in preparation to start rowing.
 * "(#) Fall in/out" : These commands tell the rower(s) either to stop rowing or to start rowing with everyone else. (#) indicates the number of rower(s) who should start or stop – e.g. “Bow pair fall-out, stern pair fall-in in two..”
 * "Ahead" or "Look Ahead" : Command shouted by a crew about to be overtaken by another crew, telling the overtaking crew of their presence.
 * "(#) tap it" or "(#) row on" : Tells the rowers to row until told to stop –e.g. “Two, hit it...”
 * "Back it down" : To have the rowers place their blades at the release position, squared, and push the oar handle towards the stern of the boat. This motion causes the shell to move backwards.
 * "Blades Down" or "Drop" : Used to tell the rowers to place their blades back on the water after performing an easy-all.
 * "Blades in (side)" : Tell the rowers on one side to pull their blades in, in order to prevent hitting an object or another boat in the water, or to let another crew pass on a narrow river.
 * "Cant it upriver/downriver" : While carrying the shell, the athletes are commanded to hold the shell in a diagonal position, the high side as stated.
 * "Check it/her down" : Square the oars in the water to stop the boat.
 * "Count Down" (or "number off") : Tells the crew to call out their seat number, starting at the bow, when ready to row.
 * "Down on port/starboard" : Means that the boat is leaning to one side or the other. Rowers on the side that is down must raise their hands, and the other side must lower their hands.
 * "Easy" (or "ease up") : (USA) To stop rowing hard.
 * "Easy oars" (or "Easy There") (or "Easy-all") : (UK) To stop rowing or paddling.
 * "Even it out" (or "even pressure") : This command tells the rowers to pull with even pressure on both sides. This is the complement to ease-up.
 * "Firm up" : Tells the rowers to apply more pressure as needed.
 * "push for 10" (or "power ten") : Commands the crew to row 10 strokes of special effort. It is frequently given when a crew is attempting to pass another boat.
 * "Gunnel!" : A command by the coxswain, where the rowers all hit the gunwales (sides) of the boat with their oar handles. Used in set exercises occasionally.
 * "Hands in" : Tells the rowers to grab the ribs on the inside of the boat so that the boat can be rolled from heads. The coach or cox uses this command when the crew is putting the shell in the water.
 * "Hands on" : Tells the rowers to grab the boat next to (or opposite) their seats, so that the boat can be carried or moved.
 * "Hands out" (or "sit ready to shove") : Tells the rowers to grab the dock in preparation for shoving off.
 * "Hard on port/starboard" (or "port/starboard pressure") : The rowers on that side of the boat must row harder (and the opposite side must row slightly easier) in order to facilitate a sharper turn.
 * "Heads" or "Heads Up" : Off the water, a shout to alert others to watch out for a boat being carried.
 * "to Heads, ready, up" : Tells the rowers to press the boat above their heads.
 * "Hold it/her up" : (UK) Stop the boat.
 * "Hold it/her hard" : (UK) Emergency stop.
 * "Hold Water" : (USA) Emergency stop, also used after the command way enough. It instructs the rowers to square their blades in the water to stop the boat.
 * "In 2..." : Most water commands are appended prior to the command to take place after two strokes. For example, "In 2, Power 10" or "In 2, Way-enough."
 * “Inside Grip” : A command used when lifting the boat. Grab the boat so that you can lift it over your head. Grab only the gunwale or hull structure – do not lift by the footstop assembly.
 * "Lay Hold" (or "hands on") : Command given telling the athletes to go to their stations and grab a hold of the boat.
 * "Let it/her run" : To stop rowing after a given piece of on the water rowing length, but to put the handles of the oars either to the gunwales or out in front of the rower, in such a manner that the oar paddles are parallel to the water yet not touching it. This allows the boat to glide for a distance leaving no paddle wake in the water. Similar, but not exactly the same is the command "Gunnel", where rowers push the oars until the handle touches the boat's gunwale.
 * "Paddle" : Tells a crew to row with just enough pressure to move the boat. The paddle command is also used to bring a crew down from full pressure at the end of a workout piece or race. Also, "paddle firm", "paddle light".
 * “Pick it / Picking” : A rapid stroke where rowers use only their arms and use minimal pressure. An effective and impressive way to turn a boat when done right.
 * "Power 10" (or "10 firm" ): The command to take 10 strokes at more than full pressure. Used for passing and gaining water in a race. (sometimes "Power 5", "Power 20", or "Power 30")
 * "Ready all, Row" (or "Ready all, Paddle"): Begin rowing or paddling.
 * "Roll it" : Tells the crew to flip the boat over, in unison, from above their heads.
 * "Set it up" : Reminds the rowers to keep the boat on keel.
 * "Settle" : A command and a part of the race. This tells the rowers that the crew is going to bring the stroke rate down for the body of the race, but still maintain the pressure. This usually occurs in the middle of the race.
 * "Ship Oars" : Act of removing the oars from the oar locks and allowing them to float alongside the boat.
 * "Shoulders, ready, up" : Tells the crew to lift the boat from any position below their shoulders, up to shoulder height. Can be reversed to lower the boat from heads to shoulders, i.e., “Shoulders, ready, down!” This is the best position for carrying a shell.
 * "Sit in" : Tells the crew to get into the boat.
 * "Sit ready" : Commands the crew to move to the catch blades buried, and be ready to start the race.
 * "Scull" : A command used if the stern is held by a stake boat. "Port scull" usually means Two seat takes Bow's oar in front of them and rows lightly with it. Likewise, "Starboard scull" means Three seat takes Two seat's oar and does the same. This is easier than having one seat take a stroke since it can move the boat in a more parallel direction.
 * "Swing it" : A command used when carrying a boat to start turning either bow or stern.
 * "Take the run off" : To stop rowing and hold the blades at a 45 degree angle in the water to slow the boat down.
 * "Throw the boat, ready, up - and down" : lift the boat above heads, and bring it down with the rowers all on one side to place it in the water; or the inverse operation.
 * “Touch it / Touching” : A stroke where rowers use only their arms and back. Used mostly for warm-up or to turn a boat.
 * "One foot up & out" : The command for exiting a team boat.
 * "On the square / Square blades rowing" : To row without feathering the blades on the recovery.
 * "Waist, ready, up" : Tells the crew to lift the shell to their waist.
 * "Watch your blades (side)" : Tells one side to look out at their blades, and take action to prevent them possibly hitting something.
 * "Way enough" : The command to stop rowing or, in some cases, whatever the rower is doing, whether it be walking with the boat overhead or rowing. ("Way" is a nautical term for the movement of a boat through water (as in headway and right-of-way). So the command "way enough", literally means enough moving the boat). Often pronounced way-nuf, wane-up or wane-off in the United States.

Stroke

 * Air stroke:To take a stroke without the blade having been placed in the water, resulting in a complete lack of power.
 * Backsplash : Water thrown back toward the bow direction by the blade as it enters the water. Less is best. This indicates that the blade has been properly planted before the rower initiates the drive.
 * Backwater : To propel the shell backwards.
 * Body angle : Amount of forward lean of rower's body from hips at the catch.
 * Bury the blade : Submerge the blade totally in the water.
 * Catch : The part of the stroke at which the oar blade enters the water and the drive begins. Rowers conceptualize the oar blade as 'catching' or grabbing hold of the water.
 * Catch point : Where the blade enters the water.
 * Check : The amount of interruption of the forward movement—usually occurs at the catch and sometimes at the release.
 * Cover : The distance between one set of puddles and the next set of puddles.
 * , or catch a crab : A rowing error where the rower is unable to timely remove or release the oar blade from the water and the oar blade acts as a brake on the boat until it is removed from the water. This results in slowing the boat down. A severe crab can even eject a rower (colloquially an "ejector crab") from the shell or capsize the boat (unlikely except in small boats). Occasionally, in a severe crab, the oar handle will knock the rower flat and end up behind the rower, in which case it is referred to as an "over-the-head crab".
 * Drive : The propulsive portion of the stroke from the time the oar blade enters the water ('catch') until it is removed from the water ('release').
 * Drunken octopus / drunken spider :The poor technique evident when an Eight (8+) is rowed with no two oars moving in the same time or position in the stroke.
 * : To turn the oar so that its blade is parallel with the water (opposite of square).
 * Finish : The portion of the pull-through just as the oar is taken from the water.
 * Hands away : At the close of the drive phase, the hands move away from the body.
 * Hanging at the catch : The blade is hesitating at the catch point, before entering the water.
 * Hot seating : When two crews share the same shell, during a regatta, sometimes it is necessary for the crews to switch at the finish line without taking the boat from the water.
 * Inside hand : The oarsmen's hand nearest the oar lock. This is the feathering hand.
 * Jumping the slide : A problem where the seat becomes derailed from the track while rowing.
 * Keel : The balance of the boat. Good keel means that the stability of the boat is good. "keep keel" is a command often heard from the coxswain when the boat starts to sway. (US)
 * Lay-back : What the rowers have when they sit with their legs flat and lean towards the bow of the boat with their body.
 * Leg drive : Power applied to the stroke, at the catch, by the force of driving the legs down. Often heard being yelled from the coach boat.
 * Missing water : A technical fault where the rower begins the drive before the catch is complete.
 * Outside hand : The hand of a rower that is placed on the end of the oar handle.
 * Over reach : Fault done by an oarsman when they comes to their full reach forward and then attempt to obtain even greater length by releasing their grasp on the handle with their outside hand or by bringing their outside shoulder further forward.
 * Pause paddling : Rowing with a pause between each stroke. The coxswain or rower giving commands will indicate where in the stroke this pause should be taken.
 * Pitch : The angle between a "squared" blade and a line perpendicular to the water's surface.
 * Puddles : Disturbances made by an oar blade pulled through the water. The farther the puddles are pushed past the stern of the boat before each catch, the more “run” the boat is getting.
 * Pull through : The portion of the stroke from the catch to the finish (when the oar is in the water). This is the propulsive part of the stroke.
 * Rating : The number of strokes executed per minute by a crew. (also Stroke rate)
 * Ratio : The relationship between the time taken during the propulsive and recovery phases of a rowing or sculling action.
 * Recovery : The non-work phase of the stroke where the rower returns the oar from the release to the catch.
 * Release : At the end of the drive portion of the stroke. It is when the oar blade(s) is removed (or released) from the water.
 * Run : Distance a shell travels during each stroke.
 * Rushing : When rowers move too quickly along their tracks into the catch. The boat will lose the feeling that it is gliding or "running out."
 * Set : The balance of the boat. Affected by handle heights, rowers leaning, and timing, all of which affect the boat's balance, after which the coxswain tells rowers to "set the boat". (see keel).
 * Shooting your slide : When an oarsman's seat moves toward the bow faster than their shoulders.
 * Skying : A blade that is too high off the surface of the water during the recovery. The rower's hands are too low causing an upset to the balance of the boat (the "set").
 * Spacing / Run : Distance between bowman's puddle on one stroke and the point at which the No. 7 rower catches water on the next stroke.
 * Split time (split) : Amount of time it takes to row 500 meters. Displayed on all ergs and on coxboxes installed on boats with speed coaches (see above).
 * Square : To turn the oar so that its blade is perpendicular to the water (opposite of feather).
 * Stroke :
 * One complete cycle through the process above.
 * The rower in the stern of a multi-person shell, whose timing is followed by the other rowers.

 * Stroke rate : The number of strokes executed per minute by a crew. (also rating)
 * Swing : A feeling in the boat when the rowers are driving and finishing their strokes strongly and getting good layback.
 * Three-quarter/Half/Quarter slide : Shortened strokes, often used during the start of a race or in a warm-up.
 * Walking : When passing a boat, the coxswain announces each seat as it is passed.
 * Washing out : When an oar blade comes out of the water during drive and creates surface wash that causes the shell to lose power and become unsteady.

Race

 * Start : In head-to-head races, the start is one of the most important parts of the race. In head races, where boats do not race next to each other, there is a running start, where rowing begins before the starting line and rowers are already at full speed when they cross the start. In sprints (head-to-head), the start consists of the following sections:
 * Actual start: This is generally five or six partial strokes done at a high rate and in a certain pattern, i.e. some three-quarter length strokes (sometimes called three-quarters slide, or "draws"), followed by half strokes ("winds"), which are then lengthened into full length strokes. The goal is to get the rowers off to a cohesive start and quickly build momentum, with the rate of the draws being held by the subsequent lengthens. In the draws, it is important to grip the water gently at first and not to "rip", causing turbulence and not transmitting energy effectively. An example start, called by the coxwain, would go as such: "Draw....there! Draw....there! Wind one! Wind two! Wind three! Lengthen it out....Lengthen....Lengthen". The tone, pitch and rhythm of the cox's voice helps to guide the crew as to what is required.
 * High Ten: A set of strokes done at a high cadence immediately after the start. Not to be confused with "Power Ten," the high ten is ten strokes at a high rating to finish building speed. Some crews may pull fifteen or twenty high strokes to build even more speed.
 * Settle: Immediately after the rowers complete their high cadence strokes, the stroke tempo is lowered and the stroke lengthened to the rating to be used throughout the body of the race. Often accompanied by a Power 10 or 20. Coxswains may call a "Ten to Settle" or "Ten to Glide" to drop the cadence more gradually.
 * In bumps racing, the start is of greater importance. Since this kind of racing is focussed on catching the boat starting a length and a half ahead (and equally avoiding being caught), more effort is put into the start than with other types of racing, since it is sure that every other boat will do the same. If you are caught off the start, there is no chance to make it good later in the race. The obvious consequence is that if a boat's individual race goes the whole distance, the extra effort early on takes a toll.

 * Body : The body of the race is carried out at a consistent rating, with power tens called as the coxswain deems necessary.
 * Piece : A race simulation, whereby the rowers row a typical racing distance as fast as possible, the purpose is to train the rowers for endurance and anaerobic fitness and generally prepare them for the real race. Pieces are usually acknowledged by the coach: "We will do a piece."
 * Repechage : The “second chance” race given to those crews which fail to qualify for the finals from an opening heat. “Rep” qualifiers move onto semi-finals or finals depending on the number of entries. Used in international racing.
 * Sprint : The last 500 meters of most races are generally at a much higher rating than the rest of the race, as crews pull to exhaustion.
 * Flutter/shunt :In head-to-head races, the coxswain may decide to call a flutter, which is essentially the six-stroke start put into the race close to the end. The flutter may push one boat which is trailing another a few seats ahead, but is extremely demanding on a crew. In many cases, it is used as a desperation move when all other options have been exhausted.
 * Head race : A long race in which rowers race a twisting course of about 3 miles. A race for time. The start is staggered. Usually in the fall months.

Miscellaneous

 * Betting shirts:In collegiate competition, crews sometimes "bet" their shirts on the race, and the loser must render a racing shirt with their logo on it to the winner. Traditionally, this was done as the boats were pulled together right after the race ended and shirts were exchanged, but it is now usually done off the water. While there has been questions in regards to the legality of this practice after women's collegiate crew joined the NCAA, the tradition of betting shirts is upheld by the NCAA Operating Bylaws, Section 10.3.1.1. The term can refer to either the practice or the shirt itself; some crews have shirts made specifically for betting so as to keep their racing jerseys should they lose a race.

 * Egg beater:A race where the crews are drawn randomly from a hat, so that boats are made up of members from different teams and often the lineups include coxswains as rowers and vice versa. Also known as scratch race.

 * Scratch crew:A crew which has not rowed with each other before.

 * Open water race: Competition on unsheltered water exposed to current, tide, wind and requiring navigation skills as well as strength, endurance, and technique. Generally uses a mass start and includes a mix of human-powered boats. Typical race distances are 6 to 26 miles.

 * Pot :A tankard awarded as a prize to each member of a winning crew.

 * Rowing Suit: A sleeveless, short-legged garment (Also known as a "zoot suit", "zootie" [Australia and New Zealand], "all-in-one" or "AIO" [UK], "trou" [US], "unisuit" or "uni") usually made from lycra, commonly worn by rowers to allow a full range of movement and to reduce the risk of loose clothes catching or being caught in moving parts. Often clubs, schools, and teams will have custom rowing suits adorned with a crest or in their team's colours. Rowing suits largely replace two-piece uniforms that consisted of a tight shirt and shorts.

 * Seat race : A method to compare two rowers in fours or eights. Two boats race against each other once. One rower from each boat switch positions, and the two boats race again. Relative performance in the two races is used to compare the abilities of the two rowers.
 * Trailer: A specially made trailer designed to transport boats for the sport of rowing. The trailers are typically made of steel or aluminium and come in a variety of sizes and configurations.

title: Glossary of rowing terms