text:
Talk:Amaurosis

Merge
I merged material here from Amaurosis fugax (unfortunately I mistakenly capitalized the F when I wrote the edit summary). RJFJR 01:33, Apr 30, 2005 (UTC)

Anatomy
Is it the retinal artery or the ophthalmic artery? (When I merged the Amaurosis and Amaurosis Fugax articles they each had one, out of confusion I kept both and seperated them with a slash). RJFJR 01:23, Apr 30, 2005 (UTC)

 * The retinal artery is a branch of the ophthalmic artery. Occlusion of either can cause amaurosis fugax. AED 21:28, 25 September 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Amaurosis


text:
Talk:Division No. 1, Subdivision O, Newfoundland and Labrador

VfD
On April 17, 2005, this article was nominated for deletion. The discussion can be found at Votes for deletion/Division No. 1, Subd. O, Newfoundland and Labrador. The result was keep. — Xezbeth 18:34, Apr 24, 2005 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text: Category:Mariah Carey songs

title: Category:Mariah Carey songs


text:
Notre Dame High School (San Jose, California)

Notre Dame High School is a Catholic college preparatory high school for girls in San Jose, California. Founded in 1851, Notre Dame is the oldest high school in California (tied with Bellarmine College Preparatory).

History
Notre Dame is an all-girls Catholic high school situated in downtown San Jose. The school was founded as the College of Notre Dame by the Catholic Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur. The Sisters of Notre Dame also ran St Joseph's (now the site of Adobe's HQs), St Leo's, St. Clare's, St Francis Xavier and St Mary's where many of the female students later came to Notre Dame High School and Notre Dame de Namur College.

On August 4, 1851 the Women's College of Notre Dame and convent opened on ten acres of land at 1 Notre Dame Avenue and Santa Clara Street. Notre Dame was the sister school to the all Men's Santa Clara College located two and a half miles away West on The Alameda, San Jose.

In 1868, it became California's first chartered women's college authorized to grant the baccalaureate degree to women. In 1900 the Conservatory of Music was built.

In May 1901 US President McKinley visited the school and was presented rosebuds by the students. In 1923 the College of Notre Dame, high school and elementary school moved: to the Ralston estate, located in Belmont on the San Francisco Peninsula while part of the high school (Santa Clara Street Academy) moved to the O'Connor Mansion at Second and Reed Street in San Jose. The O'Connor Mansion, was donated in 1898 to the Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur by Judge Myles P. O'Connor and his wife, Amanda.

In 1958, the construction of two buildings began. Julie Billiart Hall served the purpose of a gathering place for school functions, a gym, and a cafeteria. Madonna Hall, later renamed Donnelly Hall in honor of Sister Mary Emmanuel Donnelly, is a two-story building that contains classrooms, teacher offices, and now a fully functional computer lab.

In 1965, a convent and chapel complex was built on the northeast corner of the campus (South 3rd St & East William St). It has a traditional Spanish architecture and central courtyard designed by architect Warren Gilbert. Today it has two stories and is referred to as the 'Student Life Center.' The first story houses two art classrooms, a garden, a religious studies classroom, counseling offices and various teacher and staff. The second story is home to the business office. On September 9, 2002, Manley Hall, a three-story building designed by Anderson-Brulé Architects replaced the O'Connor Mansion. The building, though modern in design and use, still conveys an air of age and history, as was the intent of the architects. To add to this feeling was the inclusion of the fireplaces and artifacts saved from the O'Connor Mansion, the more noticeable being the fireplace located in the library and the glass doors (though one is a replica) of the Alumnae Room. All of the floors of this building are decorated with the class photos from the school, the earliest dating before the 1890s.

In 2016, a major renovation of the campus was announced. The expansion of the campus now includes the entire city block bounded by East William, South 2nd street, East Reed and South 3rd street. It would involve the removal of six older campus buildings and the addition of four multi story buildings. It is currently going through city permit approval.

School symbols
Notre Dame's crest is the coat of arms of the Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur.

The school's original mascot, the Gremlin, was replaced in 2000 during the 150th anniversary of the school's founding. The new mascot, the Regent, expresses the students' abilities for growing, moving on, and facing new challenges.

In addition, each year the freshman class chooses their own class mascot and colors.

Extracurriculars
Notre Dame High School of San Jose (NDSJ) provides a wide variety of activities outside of classes, including numerous clubs, sports, and interaction with the San Jose community. Clubs can range from different cultures (i.e. Filipino Student Association, Latinas Unidas, Vietnamese Student Association) to hobbies (i.e. Culinary, Art, Film Fest) to helping students reach their goals in the future (i.e. Math Team, California Scholarship Federation).

Admissions
Notre Dame San Jose admits around 170 young women each year. Many students come from the Catholic middle schools and other private schools in the region. The school holds an open house each October for families to visit.

They offer Seventh graders a "preview afternoon" in April where they can more about the school. Seventh grade catholic school students can join Notre Dame's LEADS program (Learn, Empower, Act, Discover).

The school requires a High School Placement Test (HSPT) and a completed application form to be considered for admission.

Women of Impact
Notre Dame honors women leaders making significant contributions to their fields and society annually at its "Women of Impact" event. Past honorees have included: LaDoris Cordell (Superior Court of California judge), Aparna Bawa (COO of Zoom), Kim Rivera (CLO of Hewlett-Packard), and Kelly Powell Bruno (CEO of the National Health Foundation),

Notable alumnae

 * Angela Dimayuga - American executive chef and cultural advocate
 * Maude Campbell-Jansen - Californian composer
 * Michelle Do - American competitor at the 2000 Olympics.
 * Miroslava Chavez-Garcia - Professor at University of California, Santa Barbara
 * Linda Park - South Korean actress in Star Trek: Enterprise
 * Fatima Farheen Mirza - New York Times best selling author of A Place for Us


text:
Talk:English Springer Spaniel

Springer Rage Syndrome
We need to add some info on S.R.S. There was a good article in the printed magazine from http://www.avma.org/ recently

"Springer Rage Syndrome" is an unfortunate label. The truth is that rage aggression can occur in most any breed of dog - not just springers. Using the term "springer rage" only perpetuates the idea that the problem is specific to springers and leads people to assume that all springers are prone to the disorder. Having owned a springer who developed rage aggression myself, I am VERY familiar with the condition. I can also say that rage aggression is extremely uncommon in the field bred English springer spaniel. Show breeders are also to be commended, as they have been making great efforts to improve their gene pool, as well.--Crickette 19:46, 11 May 2007 (UTC)

Please put any springer rage discussion here so it can be hashed out before going into the main article. This is a volatile topic it appears (I am no expert). Mikebar (talk) 20:01, 17 February 2009 (UTC)

Spot Fetcher
Spot Fetcher has deceased, should there be some indication of this underneath his image on the English Springer Spaniel page? Jack 18:39, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Celtic history
Addition to the page say that legend attributes victory at Battle of Stirling Bridge in part to a spaniel, but that article says nothing about a dog. Can anyone verify and/or add appropriate info? Elf | Talk 19:40, 26 February 2006 (UTC)

Agree, can someone elaborate more abour the so-called Merlin MacDonald, he doesn't appear in any website save for this page!! April 11th 2006, 20:38 GMT-6

Newbie Question: Do we list breeder site on here?
Hi there, I'm new here and have been going thru alot of the Sporting Dog breeds and wonder if we do/or will we, ever be listing breeders? Wouldn't listing these websites be an advantage here? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by LdyDragonfly (talk • contribs).
 * I doubt if breeder listings would go over well:
 * They can be regarded as commercial, and if there is any possibility that they are posted or modified by the breeders themselves, they will be quickly reverted.
 * They are arguably not encyclopedic.
 * Breeders come and go, so it would be hard to keep the list current.
 * General clubs (such as AKC) and breed clubs often have breeder referral services, which is a more appropriate place.
 * Also (IMO), I'd never get a dog from a breeder listed only in Wikipedia, and a reputable breeder would not sell me a dog just because I found their listing in Wikipedia.--Curtis Clark 05:14, 2 May 2006 (UTC)

Bench champions
I reverted the elimination of the Westminster best-in-show; it's not like Westminster is some local show and these dogs were only competing against other ESS. I agree that field champions should be included as well, especially springers that have bested other breeds in national competitions.--Curtis Clark 03:03, 30 March 2007 (UTC)

Wikipedians with Springers
If you are a Wikipedian and have springer(s) then consider adding the following template to your User page: Mikebar 10:54, 15 April 2007 (UTC)

Copy/paste of breed standard
I have twice removed tables from this article which are full quotes from various country's kennel clubs (or equivalent). Cite the breed standards, paraphrase them, but to simply copy text across whole is not the right thing to do - it is copyright infringement in my opinion. --TimTay (talk) 22:20, 24 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Quotes aren't necessarily copyright infringements (see WP:QUOTE). These boxes are the consistent way that the dog articles are set up (see golden retriever, labrador retriever, chihuahua (dog), etc.) If you don't like the idea of this, you'd have to check out the pages as a whole, rather than target one specific breed & make it inconsistent with the rest. Perhaps visit Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Dogs, and I bet that they could better assist you. Thanks,  нмŵוτн τ  23:27, 24 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Actually, it's an issue for all the breeds. Copyright law is complex and varies among different countries, but in the US (where en.wikipedia is hosted), you'd be right about a single quote. But inasmuch as you would eventually reproduce the standards for every breed in Wikipedia, the copyright holder might very well claim foul, since a substantial and important part of the work would be duplicated.--Curtis Clark (talk) 02:09, 25 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Yes, I think this issue should be discussed. However, it should be mentioned in a larger forum, rather than on a particular breed's page.  нмŵוτн τ  02:12, 25 February 2008 (UTC)

Sorry, but WP:QUOTE doesn't cover this - and besides the quotes are not attributed. The AKC is very specific about copyright and this material is a blatant infringement and must be removed from this and other articles. --TimTay (talk) 09:02, 25 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Yes, they are attributed. The attribution stands out even more than the quote itself. Rather than targeting specific articles and performing mass taggings without discussion with those who came up with the idea is a bad idea. Let's get consensus before you do this. I'm not sure why they started doing this to all of the articles, but let's start up a conversation with those who originally placed the templates.  нмŵוτн τ  13:44, 25 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Please show me exactly where the cut and pasted text is cited. Did you read the AKC policy? It seems pretty clear to me. As for the copyvio tag, leave them be for now and let an administrator decide. I won't tag any more articles and will participate in a discussion at Wikiproject Dogs, which I have already initiated. --TimTay (talk) 14:18, 25 February 2008 (UTC)
 * To me, the AKC policy is clear. Whether they could prevail in a court of law is unclear, but they could certainly make life miserable for Wikipedia in the meantime, which means that the text cannot remain. IANAA (I am not an administrator), but I imagine the response will be to require the text to be removed from all breed pages, and then there can be a consensus as to an alternative.
 * Independent of the copyright issue, it's a bad idea to reproduce breed standards when the authoritative versions are available on-line. What happens when an organization changes a standard? The Wikipedia page will be out of sync until someone notices and changes it. For some breeds, this might take hours or even minutes, but for other breeds it might take months or years.--Curtis Clark (talk) 14:49, 25 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Personally, I think it's a bad idea to have them on the pages. They're unattractive and perhaps a copyvio. I simply want consistency throughout the breeds, which is why I want to keep this specific page like those of other breeds. I am not typically very active on dog pages as a whole, so I'm leaving it to those who are.  нмŵוτн τ  15:30, 25 February 2008 (UTC)

 * See Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Dogs for general discussion of the problem and my reasoning for removal. Copyright violations are removed until they are proved not to be, not the other way around. Shell babelfish 15:32, 25 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Based on the fact the the copyvio has been removed and looks unlikely to be replaced based on the discussion above and at Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Dogs I have struck this article from the report at Copyright problems/2008 February 25 Jeepday (talk) 16:05, 29 March 2008 (UTC)

stuff
they are able to do lots of things the owner wats them to do.they lear very easly and try to please no matter what.they are goodin all displines and never stops to say high'they are quick to learn. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 196.25.255.194 (talk) 15:30, 12 April 2009 (UTC)

Removal of information from lead section
Please stop removing content from the lead of this article. The lead section is supposed to summarize the contents of the entire article. Miyagawa  (talk)  14:27, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

MY DOG HAS HAD 8 PUPS 6 HAVE DIED STRAIGHT AWAY DURING BIRTH, 2 STILL LIVING, WHY DID THIS HAPPEN —Preceding unsigned comment added by 94.168.52.139 (talk) 19:17, 11 February 2010 (UTC)

Reversion of information added to Presidential Pets section
I looked into the details avaliable on Joy, the Spaniel of Alexei Romanov. The only thing I can confirm is that it's indeed a spaniel, but have so far found references that cite it's a Springer, a Cocker and a King Charles Spaniel. The most reliable out of the bunch stated that it was a King Charles, and quite a few stated that it was a small spaniel which would rule out the Springer as being it's breed. Miyagawa  (talk)  20:59, 13 September 2010 (UTC)

Dangling Flew
What is a dangling flew? 86.31.168.112 (talk) 20:52, 22 December 2010 (UTC)
 * It is something that you can successfully self-medicate, but if it persists you should see your family doctor. Of course, if you are asking about dogs that is a different thing - it is one of those stupid complicated words that dog breeders use when a simple word would do. Essentially it refers to the top lips on the side of its mouth that can dangle down on some dogs - especially ones like bloodhounds. --Simple Bob (talk) 22:27, 22 December 2010 (UTC)

A real English Springer Spaniel?
I’m no connoisseur in dogs, but I’ve often had English Cockers at home and I wonder: “Are you quite sure that the first image in the article actually represents a Springer spaniel?”. For I would have bet that it is a field-bred English Cocker Spaniel (mainly on account of its exceedingly long and low-set ears). I believe that the former image which was erased on 25 October 2008 (something like below) was much better. Excuse my rough English.--Jeanambr (talk) 20:47, 27 April 2011 (UTC)
 * I'm betting it is a show-bred dog as these tend to have longer ears - probably because show breeding people have forgotten what their dogs are for and just breed for form rather than function - regardless of the negative effects this has on the dogs. --Simple Boba.k.a. The Spaminator (Talk) 21:23, 27 April 2011 (UTC)
 * I agree, it's almost certainly a difference of field vs bench. George Bush's former dog doesn't immediately stand out as an English Springer either because of the earset.

 * The image I just put up to the right is probably my favorite (and it's of the same dog), but its dimensions would make it a poor choice for the infobox. – anna  00:40, 28 April 2011 (UTC)
 * Anna, since I agree with you, I've inserted the image you proposed in the infobox. Should anyone disagree, reverting will be very easy. Cheers. --Jeanambr (talk) 09:19, 28 April 2011 (UTC)
 * It's a good looking dog and I like the picture. --Simple Boba.k.a. The Spaminator (Talk) 11:05, 28 April 2011 (UTC)
 * The most ideal shot would be a dog standing sideways to the camera with it's head turned to face the camera. Miyagawa   (talk)  11:21, 28 April 2011 (UTC)
 * Are shots with the head in profile less desirable? I do think the dog sitting is better than the previous image despite its dimensions. It strikes a nice balance between field and show type. – anna  12:48, 28 April 2011 (UTC)

Don't be constrained by what is currently available on Wikimedia Commons, because there are literally hundreds of Springer photos on Flickr that are available for transfer to Wikimedia Commons. Just go to advanced search and click all three of the creative commons options then type in your search phrase e.g. "english springer" or "springer spaniel". My absolute favourite is this action shot, and this one is good too. However, this pose is a more conventional and I love the woodland setting. --Simple Boba.k.a. The Spaminator (Talk) 11:38, 28 April 2011 (UTC)
 * I love the first one, even if it's not used in the infobox. I think it could work well in the body of the article. – anna  12:48, 28 April 2011 (UTC)

better article?
i love springers how can we make this article better? — Preceding unsigned comment added by SpringerSpanielWiki (talk • contribs) 01:51, 6 February 2012 (UTC)

Assessment comment
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Changes removed
Hi All,

I added some content to the detection section regarding use for Water leak detection in Western Australia but it was removed. Not sure why as the reference is a government website. 49.196.61.143 (talk) 22:17, 29 August 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:English Springer Spaniel


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Talk:Jacques-Louis David

Untitled
Did he paint two versions of the Death of Marat? The inscriptions on the wood block and on the piece of paper differ! AxelBoldt 18:42, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This site says he and his assistants did five versions of Napoleon Crossing the Alps, so two versions of the Death of Marat would seem perfectly likely. -- Jmabel | Talk 20:59, Apr 24, 2005 (UTC)

Citations?
User:JDooley added major biographical content to this article with no citations. I left a note on his/her talk page a week ago asking for sources; no response yet. -- Jmabel | Talk 03:40, Jun 19, 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for editing down those citations. I know they were needed, but I didnt have time to format them properly.

--JDooley 2 July 2005 03:49 (UTC)

David dit paint one version of the Death of Marat. Two other versions were painted at least, one by Gioacchino Serangeli, an italian pupil of David, the other by Eustache Hyacinthe Langlois, or maybe François Gérarrd, french pupils of David at the time (1793). These copies are visible at the Museum of the castle of Versailles, and the Museum of Fine Arts of Dijon —The preceding unsigned comment was added by my user talk page (talk • contribs) 2 Dec 2005.

The Death of Marat was an important painting they used for propaganda and as a symbol of the french revolution, it was reproduced many times to be put in different places, such as the National Assembly and different museums. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by my user talk page (talk • contribs) 28 Apr 2006.

Good Article
In my opinion, this could easily pass as a Featured Article. — Rob (  talk  ) 01:37, 4 May 2006 (UTC)

GA Re-Review and In-line citations
Members of the WikiProject Good articles are in the process of doing a re-review of current Good Article listings to ensure compliance with the standards of the Good Article Criteria. (Discussion of the changes and re-review can be found here). A significant change to the GA criteria is the mandatory use of some sort of in-line citation (In accordance to WP:CITE) to be used in order for an article to pass the verification and reference criteria. Currently this article does not include in-line citations. It is recommended that the article's editors take a look at the inclusion of in-line citations as well as how the article stacks up against the rest of the Good Article criteria. GA reviewers will give you at least a week's time from the date of this notice to work on the in-line citations before doing a full re-review and deciding if the article still merits being considered a Good Article or would need to be de-listed. If you have any questions, please don't hesitate to contact us on the Good Article project talk page or you may contact me personally. On behalf of the Good Articles Project, I want to thank you for all the time and effort that you have put into working on this article and improving the overall quality of the Wikipedia project. -- The Bethling (Talk) 23:00, 25 September 2006 (UTC)

Reasons for GA Delisting
This article's GA status has been revoked because it fails criterion 2. b. of 'What is a Good Article?', which states;

 * (b) the citation of its sources using inline citations is required (this criterion is disputed by editors on Physics and Mathematics pages who have proposed a subject-specific guideline on citation, as well as some other editors — see talk page).

—The preceding unsigned comment was added by LuciferMorgan (talk • contribs).

More complete references
Here after detailed rerences for any reader seriously interested by this painter :
 * Dowd, David. Pageant-Master of the Republic. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, (1948), pg 8-12, 50, 102
 * Lindsay, Jack. Death of the Hero. London: Studio Books (1960)
 * Leymarie, Jean, French Painting, the 19th century, Cleveland (1962), pg 21-24.
 * Schnapper, Antoine, David témoin de son temps, Office du Livre, Fribourg, (1980)
 * Delécluze, E., Louis David, son école et son temps, Paris, (1855) re-edition Macula (1983)
 * Sahut, Marie-Catherine & Régis Michel, David, l'art et le politique éditions Gallimard-Découvertes et RMN Paris (1988)
 * Bordes, Philippe, David, éd. Hazan, Paris (1988)
 * Lévêque, Jean-Jacques, Jacques-Louis David édition Acr Paris (1989)
 * Thévoz, Michel, Le théâtre du crime. Essai sur la peinture de David, éd. de Minuit, Paris (1989)
 * Noël, Bernard, David, éd. Flammarion, Paris (1989)
 * David contre David, actes du colloque au Louvre du 6-10 décembre 1989, éd. R. Michel, Paris (1993)
 * Malvone, Laura, L'Évènement politique en peinture. A propos du Marat de David in Mélanges de l'Ecole française de Rome. Italie et Méditerranée 106, 1 (1994)
 * Chodorow, Stanley, et al. The Mainstream of Civilization. New York: The Harcourt Press (1994) pg. 594
 * Crow, Thomas, Emulation. Making artists for Revolutionary France, ed. Yale University Press, New Haven London (1995)
 * Monneret, Sophie Monneret, David et le néoclassicisme, ed. Terrail, Paris (1998)
 * Lajer-Burcharth, Ewa, Necklines. The art of Jacques-Louis David after the Terror, ed. Yale University Press, New Haven London (1999)
 * Lee, Simon, David, ed. Phaidon, London (1999)
 * Jacques-Louis David’s Marat, edited by William Vaughan & Helen Weston, Cambridge (2000)
 * Prat, Louis-Antoine & Pierre Rosenberg, Jacques-Louis David 1748-1825. Catalogue raisonné des dessins, 2 volumes, éd. Leonardo Arte, Milan (2002)- essential book to get the very essence of David's work : his drawings.
 * B. Peronnet, P. Rosenberg, Un album inédit de David in Revue de l'art, n°142 (2003-4), pp.45-83 (complete the previous reference)
 * I. Plesca, M. Vanden Berghe, Nouvelles perspectives sur la Mort de Marat : entre modèle jésuite et références mythologiques, Bruxelles (2004) / New Perspectives on David's Death of Marat, Brussels (2004)
 * The Death of Socrates, accessed 29 June 2005. New York Med.
 * Jacques-Louis David, on An Abridged History of Europe, accessed 29 June 2005
 * J.L. David on CGFA, accessed 29 June 2005
 * Sainte-Fare Garnot, N., Jacques-Louis David 1748-1825, Paris, Ed. Chaudun (2005)
 * Johnson, Dorothy,Jacques-Louis David. New Perspectives, Newark (2006)

How many wives did David actually have, and when?
It seems like the language could be much clearer throughout regarding David's wives. The paragraph describing The Intervention of the Sabine Women is a prime example: it mentions his wife, and then his ex-wife, and then he remarried "her". Names, or at least "1st wife" and "2nd wife", would be tremendously helpful, in my opinion, for the clarity of this part of the biography.

Mjiadzki 21:21, 19 April 2007 (UTC)

The fact is that David, in the process of the Revolution, divorced from his wife, and then remarried her later on, this for political reasons. Thus, David got married twice, but only got one wife. A Richard Burton-Liz Taylor preview if you like... 28 augustus 2007 JLD —Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.65.141.203 (talk) 22:11, August 29, 2007 (UTC)

clarification is definatly nessesary in the article. whomever wrote the above should add that to the text. Czar 01:47, 20 September 2007 (UTC)

 * too too 41.115.94.214 (talk) 10:02, 4 May 2024 (UTC)

Tennis Court Oath
First, I would propose the discussion about the painting "The Oath of the Tennis Court" be moved under the subheading of the French Revolution. David started this painting in 1791, well after the Revolution was underway.

As regards "The Oath of the Tennis Court," I would like to further discuss the political circumstances surrounding this painting. The current discussion mentions that the painting was commissioned by the Society of Friends of the Revolution. However, it does not discuss the pro-Revolutionary role that the revolutionaries hoped this painting would take.

Moreover, the current discussion of the painting does not address that the painting was never completed. I would like to further discuss the political circumstances that inhibited the completion of this painting. i.e., the message of the painting became too controversial as the Revolution progressed.

I would like to use some writings of Thomas Crow from "Patriotism and Virtue: From David to the Young Ingres."

Any thoughts or suggestions?

Degouges (talk) 16:49, 12 February 2009 (UTC)

Jules
Is he any relation to Jacques Louis Jules David (1829-1886)? Drutt (talk) 09:09, 29 October 2009 (UTC)

Inconsistent mythology
This article states "The painting depicts Romulus's wife Hersilia — the daughter of Titus Tatius, leader of the Sabines ..." However, according to the page Titus Tatius "He had one daughter Tatia, who married Numa Pompilius (Romulus's successor) ..."

So which is it (or did one woman have two names and two husbands)? Maybe myths are allowed inconsistency but Wikipedia articles should not be contradictory. If the story is known to have several versions then an explanatory note appears warranted.

Incomplete lists of other pages stating that Tatia was the daughter of Titus Tatius and maried Romulus's successor:

Numa Pompilius

Or that Hersilia was the daughter of Titus Tatius and Romulus's wife:

Jacques-Louis David

The Rape of the Sabine Women

Cross posted to discussions of listed articles Shythylacine (talk) 10:49, 19 December 2009 (UTC)

Pupils
It would be extremely useful to have a list of David's pupils somewhere in this article. Albiart (talk) 20:34, 2 February 2010 (UTC)
 * I've created a category and listed it from the article. A list may be even better, but at least this is a start. Category:Pupils of Jacques-Louis David. Fram (talk) 12:44, 26 July 2010 (UTC)

Pronunciation
That pronunciation guide is my own work. It was my first attempt, and still has issues. One being that I am not French, so I am unfamiliar with the pronunciation of French names. If anybody sees a way to improve on my work, please do so. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.184.141.122 (talk) 03:24, 24 December 2011 (UTC)

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María Lionza

María Lionza is the central figure in one of the most widespread new religious movements in Venezuela. The cult of María Lionza began in the 20th century as a blend of African, indigenous and Catholic beliefs. She is revered as a goddess of nature, love, peace and harmony. She has followers throughout Venezuelan society, from small rural villages to Caracas, where a monumental statue stands in her honor. The Cerro María Lionza Natural Monument (also known as Sorte mountain) where an important pilgrimage takes place every October, was renamed in her honour.

Legend and symbols
According to the main legend, María Lionza was born in the 15th–16th century as the daughter of an indigenous chief from the region of Yaracuy. Her father sent her to live in the Sorte mountain. One day, while she was by the river, an anaconda attacked and devoured her. From within the serpent, María Lionza begged the mountain for help. The mountain agreed, María Lionza thus disintegrated and merged with Sorte mountain. Sometimes the anaconda is said to have exploded and caused the torrential rains that are common in the region.

María Lionza is sometimes portrayed as an indigenous woman and sometimes as pale-skinned with green eyes, usually surrounded by animals. She is often depicted naked riding a tapir.

María Lionza is sometimes called Yara, an indigenous alternative name. According to some versions, Yara would have taken the name Santa María de la Onza Talavera del Prato de Nívar or simply Santa María de la Onza ("Saint Mary of the Ounce") under Catholic influence during the Spanish colonization of Venezuela. Subsequently, her name would have been shortened to "María Lionza".

Cult and pilgrimage
The rites of María Lionza take place in the Sorte mountain, near the town of Chivacoa in Yaracuy state, Venezuela. The origins of the cult are uncertain; it is a syncretism of Indigenous, Catholic and African beliefs. Traditions of trance communication (mediums seeking to channel the souls of the dead) may have started around the 19th and 20th centuries in Latin America, popularized by the teachings of the 19th century Frenchman Allan Kardec. According to Venezuelan anthropologist Angelina Pollak, the rituals in Sorte started in the early 1920s, and were brought to urban areas a decade later.

Maria Lionza's followers travel to the mountain for a week each October 12th, on the national Day of Indigenous Resistance. In 2011, estimates indicated that about 10% to 30% of Venezuelans were followers of the cult. At the time, Venezuelan authorities indicated that about 200 000 followers participated in the traditions, including foreigners coming from the Americas and Europe. In 2011, Wade Glenn, an anthropologist from Tulane University in the United States, estimated that about 60% of the Venezuelan population may have participated in the cult of María Lionza at some point. Glenn argues that the conversational aspect of the rituals may have therapeutic effects.

Members from all Venezuelan social classes participate in the rituals. In local reports, the rituals have been considered to be linked with the late president of Venezuela Hugo Chávez, yet there is little to no evidence of this. Chávez himself said he did not take part in it, and some followers of María Lionza supported him while others did not. Some analysts argue that the decline of the power of the Catholic Church during Chávez's reign, along with the crisis in Venezuela, may have led many Venezuelans to join the cult to seek help. The hyperinflation in Venezuela that began in 2016 has affected the rituals, as many are unable to access the materials necessary to carry out the ceremonies.

Traditions and spiritism
The followers call themselves Marialionceros and refer to María Lionza as the "Queen" (La Reina). People go to the Sorte mountain seeking strength, healing and to contact the souls of the dead. During the pilgrimage, the principal shamans and priests of María Lionza come together to pay homage. Many followers wear indigenous costumes and perform a traditional fire walking dance called the "dance of the hot coals" (baile de las brasas).

Several spirits are also worshipped during the rituals alongside Catholic saints and Virgin Mary. According to the cult, María Lionza is one of the main "three powers" (Tres Potencias), which also include Guaicaipuro, a legendary indigenous resistance leader of 16th century, and Negro Felipe, a black Afro-American soldier that allegedly participated in the Venezuelan War of Independence. The lower spirits, usually referred to as brothers (hermanos) by the pilgrims, are arranged into 'courts', divided by identity: Indigenous, African, Viking, Liberator. The spirits include farmers, modern criminals and famous historical figures, like Simón Bolívar.

The participants cleanse themselves in the muddy rivers to receive the spirits. The shamans act as mediums between the pilgrims and the spirits, and usually demand that the devotees enter into trance states, which often lead them to speak in tongues or harm themselves. The shamans and the Marialionceros employ blessings, curses, drumming, cigar smoking, tobacco chewing, and liquor during the yearly rituals. Various sources have reported sightings of shamans, sometimes wearing horned helmets, claiming to have contacted the legendary Viking Eric the Red, the first Norse explorer to discover Greenland.

Many members from other religions native to Latin America and Venezuela are present, primarily Santeros (practitioners of a syncretic faith that combines African Yoruba beliefs and Catholicism) and Paleros (practitioners of a syncretic Afro-Cuban religion that centers on communication with the dead).

Monument in Caracas

One of the most iconic portrayals of María Lionza is the 1951 monument in the Francisco Fajardo Highway in Caracas by Venezuelan sculptor Alejandro Colina. It portrays María Lionza as a muscular naked woman, riding a large tapir which is standing on a snake. Lionza holds a female pelvis, representing fertility, high above her head.

The statue was made for the 1951 Bolivarian Games, to sit outside the Central University of Venezuela (UCV)'s Olympic Stadium, and the Olympic flame was held in the pelvis at the top of the statue during this event. The statue had been commissioned by the dictator Marcos Pérez Jiménez, who wanted to make María Lionza a symbol of Venezuela. The statue was moved to the highway in 1953, after the university and Pérez Jiménez became concerned that the accessible campus location would allow María Lionza's devotees to gather and to spread their devotion in Venezuela. In 2004 the original statue was moved to a university warehouse and a new casting was put in its place. In October 2022, the statue was extracted without permission from the authorities and traveled from the warehouse to the Sorte mountain some days before the beginning of the yearly pilgrimage.

In popular culture
Rubén Blades and Willie Colón's salsa song "María Lionza", from their 1978 album Siembra, is dedicated to the Venezuelan deity.

Former Miss Venezuela Ruddy Rodríguez was the protagonist of María Lionza, a 2006 Venezuelan TV film.

In 2009, the New Weird America musician Devendra Banhart composed "María Lionza", published in his album What Will We Be, as an "evocation to the goddess."

The Venezuelan singer Arca paid homage to the goddess in her music video Prada / Rakata released in 2021.

2023 Tom Clancy's Command and Control by Marc Cameron features Maria Lionza as a character in the early part of the novel.

title: María Lionza


text:
Antony Fisher

Sir Antony George Anson Fisher  (28 June 1915 – 8 July 1988), nicknamed AGAF, was a British businessman and think tank founder. He participated in the formation of various libertarian organisations during the second half of the twentieth century, including the Institute of Economic Affairs and the Atlas Network. Through Atlas, he helped establish up to 150 other institutions worldwide.

Early life
Antony Fisher was born on 28 June 1915, into a wealthy mining family. He was two years old when his father was killed by a sniper in Gaza during World War I.

He was educated at Eton College. He graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge, with a degree in engineering.

During the Second World War, Fisher served as a fighter pilot in the Royal Air Force, being awarded the Air Force Cross. He and his brother Basil Fisher were assigned to the 111 Hurricane Squadron, which was in the Battle of France and the Battle of Britain. Shortly after that posting, in April 1940, their cousin Michael Fisher was killed in the Battle of Flanders. A few days later Fisher's closest friend and a member of the 111 Hurricane Squadron, David Berry, was killed when his Hurricane was shot down over Flanders during the Dunkirk evacuation. On 15 August 1940, Fisher saw his brother Basil plummet to his death after Basil's Hurricane was shot down and his parachute caught fire. The experience both traumatised Fisher and, according to a biography, galvanised him into a belief that he must act to make the world a freer and more prosperous place where nation states would not go to war.

Career
After World War II, Fisher was alarmed by the election of a Labour government, the nationalisation of industry, and the introduction of central economic planning. In 1945, he had read The Road to Serfdom by Austrian economist F. A. Hayek which influenced his thinking. Fisher sought out Hayek at the London School of Economics (where he taught) and talked about his plans to go into politics. Hayek, however, convinced him that think-tanks were the best medium for effecting political change.

In 1952, Fisher undertook a study trip to the United States, where he visited the new Foundation for Economic Education (FEE). F. A. Harper of the FEE introduced Fisher to former colleagues from the Agriculture Department of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, who showed him intensive chicken farming techniques. Fisher was very impressed and returned to start England's first battery cage chicken farm, Buxted Chickens, which eventually made him a millionaire. In 1955, he used his fortune to set up the influential Institute of Economic Affairs with Ralph Harris.

In 1971, Fisher founded the International Institute for Economic Research, which went on to spawn both the Atlas Network in 1981 and the International Policy Network in 2001. Through these operations, Fisher provided financial and operational support for a huge number of fledgling think-tanks, most of which would not exist without his influence. It was through the Atlas Network that Fisher was able to extend his beliefs worldwide. By 1984, Fisher was watching over eighteen institutions in eleven countries. As of 2017, Atlas supports and works with nearly 500 free-market think-tanks in over 90 different countries.

In his book Thinking the Unthinkable, Richard Cockett sketched Fisher's role in supporting other emerging think-tanks around the world. Cockett wrote, "On the strength of his reputation with the IEA, he was invited in 1975 to become co-director of the Fraser Institute in Vancouver, founded by the Canadian businessman T. Patrick Boyle in 1974. Fisher let the young director of the Fraser Institute, Michael Walker, get on with the intellectual output of the Institute (just as he had given free rein to Seldon and Harris at the IEA) while he himself concentrated on the fund-raising side". Cockett explained that after his success at the Fraser Institute, Fisher went to New York where in 1977 he set up the International Center for Economic Policy Studies (ICEPS), later renamed the Manhattan Institute. "The incorporation documents for the ICEPS were signed by prominent attorney Bill Casey, later Director of the Central Intelligence Agency". Cockett comments that "under the directorship of William Hammett the Manhattan Institute became probably Fisher's greatest success after the IEA".

In 1977, Cockett wrote, Fisher moved to San Francisco "with his second wife Dorian, who he had met through the Mont Pelerin Society, and founded the Pacific Research Institute in 1979" and Fisher and Milton Friedman lived in the same apartment block in San Francisco during the 1980s. In the late 1970s, Fisher assisted Greg Lindsay in the development of the Centre for Independent Studies in Sydney. Cockett wrote, "In 1981, to co-ordinate and establish a central focus for these institutes that Fisher himself started up all over the world, he created the Atlas Economic Research Foundation which in 1987 joined up with the Institute for Humane Studies (IHS) (founded by the Mont Pelerin member F. A. Harper in 1961) to provide a central institutional structure for what quickly became an ever-expanding number of international free-market think-tanks or research institutes". According to Cokett, "Fisher used the local and international gatherings of the Mont Pelerin Society to find personnel, fund-raisers and donors for many of the Atlas Institutes" as the international think-tanks proliferated.

Fisher was a co-founder of the Fraser Institute, the Manhattan Institute, the Pacific Research Institute, the National Center for Policy Analysis, the Centre for Independent Studies, and the Adam Smith Institute. He was knighted four weeks before his death.

Personal life
Fisher was married twice. He had four children with his first wife, including Linda Whetstone, who was involved with many of Fisher's think tanks. His granddaughter, Rachel Whetstone, serves as senior vice-president of communications and public policy for Uber.

Fisher's second wife, Dorian Fisher, was George N. Crocker's widow.

Death
Fisher died on 8 July 1988 in San Francisco, California.

title: Antony Fisher


text:
Larry D. Welch

General Larry D. Welch (born June 9, 1934) is a retired United States Air Force four-star general who served as the 12th Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force. As Chief of Staff, he served as the senior uniformed Air Force officer responsible for the organization, training and equipping of a combined active duty, Guard, Reserve and civilian force serving at locations in the United States and overseas. As a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, he and the other service chiefs functioned as the principal military advisers to the Secretary of Defense, National Security Council and the President. He currently serves as the Chairman of the Nuclear Weapon Surety Task Force for the Defense Science Board.

Early life and career
Welch was born in Guymon, Oklahoma, and graduated from Liberal (Kansas) High School in 1952. He received a Bachelor of Arts degree in business administration from the University of Maryland, College Park and a Master of Science degree in international relations from The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. Welch completed Armed Forces Staff College at Norfolk, Virginia, in 1967, and National War College at Fort Lesley J. McNair, Washington, D.C., in 1972. Welch is an Eagle Scout and recipient of the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award.

Welch enlisted in the Kansas National Guard in October 1951, serving with the 161st Armored Field Artillery until he enlisted in the United States Air Force. In November 1953, he entered the aviation cadet program and received his pilot wings and commission as a second lieutenant. He served initially as a flight instructor until his assignment in July 1958, to Headquarters Air Training Command, Randolph Air Force Base, Texas.

Military career
Welch then served in tactical fighter units in Europe, the continental United States and Alaska before transferring to the Republic of Vietnam where he flew combat missions in F-4C Phantom IIs over North and South Vietnam, and Laos.

After completing the Armed Forces Staff College in July 1967, Welch was assigned to Headquarters U.S. Air Force, Washington, D.C., under the assistant chief of staff for studies and analysis. Upon graduation from the National War College in July 1972, he was assigned to Tactical Air Command, where he served in wing deputy commander for operations, vice commander and wing commander positions.

In August 1977, he transferred to Headquarters Tactical Air Command where he served as inspector general, deputy chief of staff for plans and deputy chief of staff for operations. In June 1981, he became commander of the Ninth Air Force and Air Force component commander for the Rapid Deployment Joint Task Force. In November 1982, he was assigned as deputy chief of staff for programs and resources at Air Force headquarters and became Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force in July 1984.

Commander of Strategic Air Command
On August 1, 1985, General Welch was appointed as the new Commander-in-Chief of the Strategic Air Command, succeeding the retiring General Bennie L. Davis. From August 1985 to June 1986, Welch served as commander in chief, Strategic Air Command, and director, Joint Strategic Target Planning Staff, Offutt Air Force Base, Nebraska. In this capacity, Welch oversaw all of the United States Nuclear Triad operations, which included fleet of Strategic Bombers Aircraft and fleet of Ballistic Missile such as the Intercontinental-Ballistic missiles.

During Welch tenure as Commanders of the Strategic Air Command, Welch oversaw the transition of a new Air Force Strategic Bombers Aircraft, the B-1B Lancer which began its service within the United States Air Force on 1986. Welch himself also tested the B-1B aircraft by flying the aircraft himself for the test-flight. Welch also emphasize about the need to modernized United States Air Force fleet of Strategic Bombers Aircraft, such as the Boeing B-52 Stratofortress which has become the backbone of the United States Air Force Strategic Bombers Aircraft need to be modified with the new equipment so it would be able to serve within the United States Air Force for the next fifty years and also the need of a new advance stealth bombers aircraft. As a result, the Air Force began the new B-2 bomber project aircraft which gave birth to the new advance stealth Bomber Aircraft, the Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit. President Reagan praised Welch for his achievement as Commander of The Strategic Air Command in shaping and modernizing the Strategic Air Command.

Air Force Chief of Staff
In 1986 Welch was appointed by President Ronald Reagan to become the new Air Force Chief of Staff, succeeding the retiring General Charles A. Gabriel. Welch assumed the position of Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force on July 1, 1986. Welch is one of only a handful of modern service chiefs to have risen from enlisted rank to his service's highest position (the others being Marine Corps General Alfred Gray, Army General John Shalikashvili and Navy Admiral Jeremy Boorda).

As Air Force Chief of Staff Welch oversaw all of the United States Air Force operation within the United States and Worldwide and in his capacity as Air Force Chief of Staff Welch was also the most senior uniformed Air Force officer responsible for organizing, training and equipping all of the active-duty Air Force officers, Air National Guard and Air Force Reserve. As Air Force Chief of Staff, Welch also become a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, which has primary tasked to advise The President, Secretary of Defense and National Security Council regarding Air Force matters.

During his tenure as Air Force Chief of Staff, Welch oversaw the transition of the United States Air Force operations following the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty which led to the end of the Cold War. Welch emphasize that although the Cold War has already relieve, but the United States Air Force strength has to be maintain in-order to face another possible threat by new adversary in the future. During his tenure as Air Force Chief of Staff Welch also oversaw the entering of the United States Air Force new Strategic Bombers Aircraft, the B-1B Lancer in-which Welch has tested it during Welch tenure as Commanders of Strategic Air Command. With the near end of the Cold-War by 1989, Welch maintained that The United States Air Force are still in robust condition and always ready in-case a threat in the future by a new adversary attack. Welch also pushed for the new training for all of the Air Force personnel in-order to adjust with the new and advance modern technology that will be equipped into the new aircraft by the future, such as the new computerization aircraft. Welch also pushed for all United States Air Force Aircraft cockpit that are still using the analogue equipment to be upgraded with the new computerization technology. During Welch testimony in the senate armed services committee in May 1989, Welch also emphasized about the further development of the Air Force technology which will play primary role in the future, such as the developing a new tactical-fighter aircraft with new advance and computerization technology, which led to the new F-22 program. Welch also emphasize about the need to push the B-2 program that have a more advance technology that will play primary role in the United States Air Force Strategic Bombers Aircraft by the future in-which Senator John Warner, the high-ranking members of the armed services committee agreed with Welch statement.

As a result, the Air Force got more funding to speed up the B-2 stealth bombers program and also the begin the development of the new and more advance stealth tactical-fighter air which started the YF-22 program and eventually would become the new F-22 Raptor fighter aircraft.

In March 1989, Larry Welch was rebuked by Defense Secretary Dick Cheney who intended to maintain civilian control of the military, due to Welch's unauthorized talks with a Congressman discussing some unresolved issues. Welch also argued that the federal deficit was also becoming a major national concern and that a smaller defense budget would be seen by some as major means of reducing the deficit. Welch emphasize that neither facts nor logic lead to a conclusion that the deficit is caused by increases within the defense spending or is likely to be cured by the decreases in defense spending.

During his last year tenure as Air Force Chief of Staff Welch warn that Saddam Hussein buildup of its Military arsenal and his eager to be the superpower in the Middle-East would become threat to its neighborhood. Welch also warned about the potential threat within the Middle-East country by Iraq, which eventually resulted in the Iraq invasion of Kuwait on August 2, 1990, a month after Welch retired from his tenure as Air Force Chief of Staff. During his last tenure as Air Force Chief of Staff, Welch mostly advising the Bush administration and the National Security Council about the possible scenario if Iraq invade its neighbor and spark war within the Middle-East region. Welch also argued that maintaining that the Soviet phasedown brought to a head all the clichés about air power and the need to reexamine budgets accompanied by congressional pressure to spend the so-called “peace dividend.”

On June 30, 1990, Welch retired from his position as Air Force Chief of Staff after four-years of tenure as Air Force Chief of Staff and 39 years active-duty service within the United States Air Force. Welch also become one of the candidate to succeed Admiral William Crowe as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. His retirement ceremony was held at Andrews Air Force Base with Secretary of Defense Dick Cheney and Air Force Secretary Donald B. Rice delivered Welch retirement remarks. Secretary Rice praises Welch effort in modernizing the United States Air Force in-order to adjust within the incoming future advance technology.

Decorations
Welch is a command pilot with more than 6,500 flying hours. His military decorations and awards include the Defense Distinguished Service Medal with oak leaf cluster, Air Force Distinguished Service Medal with oak leaf cluster, Legion of Merit with oak leaf cluster, Distinguished Flying Cross, Meritorious Service Medal, Air Medal with six oak leaf clusters, Air Force Commendation Medal with two oak leaf clusters, Joint Meritorious Unit Award and Air Force Outstanding Unit Award with "V" device and two oak leaf clusters.

 * COMMAND PILOT WINGS.png U.S. Air Force Command Pilot Badge
 * Joint Chiefs of Staff seal.svg Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge
 * United States Air Force Missile Badge.svg Master Missileman Badge
 * Defense Distinguished Service Medal ribbon.svg Defense Distinguished Service Medal with oak leaf cluster
 * Air Force Distinguished Service ribbon.svg Air Force Distinguished Service Medal with oak leaf cluster
 * Legion of Merit ribbon.svg Legion of Merit with oak leaf cluster
 * Distinguished Flying Cross ribbon.svg Distinguished Flying Cross
 * Meritorious Service Medal ribbon.svg Meritorious Service Medal
 * Air Medal ribbon.svg Air Medal  with six oak leaf clusters
 * Air Force Commendation Medal ribbon.svg Air Force Commendation Medal with two oak leaf clusters
 * Joint Meritorious Unit Award-3d.svg Joint Meritorious Unit Award
 * Outstanding Unit ribbon.svg Air Force Outstanding Unit Award with V device and two oak leaf clusters

Retirement and further work
Welch was promoted to general on August 1, 1984, with same date of rank and retired on July 1, 1990. In 1998 he spent several months on the Rumsfeld Commission, which reported to Congress on the ballistic missile threat to the United States.

In 2009, Welch retired as the president of the Institute for Defense Analyses in Alexandria, Virginia. He continues to serve as a Senior Fellow at the Institute for Defense Analyses. He also serves on the Defense Policy Board, the USSTRATCOM Strategic Advisory Group, the Sandia Corporation Board of Directors, and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Director's Review Committee.

In October 2007, Welch was asked by Robert Gates to lead the Defense Science Board task force that would study the 2007 United States Air Force nuclear weapons incident as part of a larger review of US Department of Defense procedures and policies for handling nuclear weapons. Welch briefed the results of the review before the U.S. Senate Committee on Armed Services on February 12, 2008.

In 2014, Secretary of Defense Hagel asked Welch and retired Admiral John Harvey to lead an Independent Review of the Department of Defense Nuclear Enterprise. The report was delivered to the Secretary of Defense in June 2014.

In February 2022 following Russian invasion of Ukraine, Welch commented about the need on for a more strict for command and control regarding the use of Strategic Weapon in-order to avoid the possibility of a Nuclear Conflict. Welch also commented on the concept of the fifth domain regarding the  cyber operations and cyberspace, stating that the extensive operations in cyberspace have actually been implemented for decades. However Welch also stated that although it has been implemented for decades, but either cyber operations and cyberspace still indeed requires further maturing.

title: Larry D. Welch


text:
Alan Hunter (VJ)

Alan Caldwell Hunter (born February 14, 1957) is one of the original five video jockeys (VJs) on MTV from 1981 to 1987 (along with Nina Blackwood, Mark Goodman, J. J. Jackson and Martha Quinn). He is a host on SiriusXM Radio's The 80s on 8 channel and on the Classic Rewind channel.

He co-owns the production company Hunter Films with his brother Hugh. He, Hugh and two other brothers also founded WorkPlay, a multipurpose office, studio and entertainment facility in Birmingham, Alabama. He also hosted the reality show Looking for Stars on the Starz cable television channel as well as the Encore series Big 80s Weekend.

Early life and career
Born in Birmingham, Alabama, in 1957, Hunter graduated from Mountain Brook High School in 1975 and earned his BA in psychology in 1979 from Millsaps College in Jackson, Mississippi. During his senior year he got his first television acting job in the ABC Movie of the Week Love's Savage Fury, starring Raymond Burr, Jennifer O'Neill and Michael Paré. After a stint as a professional actor at the Birmingham Children's Theatre, he moved to New York City to attend the Circle in the Square drama school. Afterwards, he held a series of "struggling actor" gigs: bartender, waiter, phone answering service attendant and a handful of Off-off-Broadway roles, finally earning a role in the music video for David Bowie's "Fashion" for which he was paid $50 a day and got to meet Bowie. He also had a bit part (on cutting room floor) in the film musical Annie.

MTV
In the early summer of 1981, he bumped into MTV exec Bob Pittman at a picnic in Central Park. A month later, Hunter was tapped to join the fledgling MTV, only three weeks prior to its debut.

MTV went on the air August 1, 1981, at midnight in selected markets across America. Hunter was, by technical snafu, the first VJ to appear on screen, with the words "Hi, I'm Alan Hunter. I'll be with you right after Mark. We'll be covering the latest in music news, coast to coast, here on MTV Music Television." And then the other original VJs – Martha Quinn, J. J. Jackson, Nina Blackwood and Mark Goodman – followed.

During his first month with MTV, he kept his regular night job tending bar at New York's Magic Pan Restaurant Cabaret. When a customer recognized him, he determined it was time to become a full-time MTV VJ. Over the next several years Hunter's typical work week included attending concerts and parties until the wee hours and then coming back to the studio at 8:00 am for a full day of taping interviews, promos and features.

Hunter was also heavily involved in the WWF-MTV collaboration, hosting The War to Settle the Score live special on MTV with Gene Okerlund. He also conducted backstage interviews for the show. Hunter also narrated The War Continues, a special produced by MTV that was used to help promote Wrestlemania in March 1985.

As MTV became a dominant outlet for music-related content in the early 1980s, Hunter's celebrity interviews included the first MTV interviews with Madonna, Duran Duran and U2, and also included Ozzy Osbourne, Frank and Moon Unit Zappa, Daryl Hall & John Oates, Loverboy, Kasim Sultan, Crosby Stills & Nash, Kevin Bacon, Robin Williams, Dan Aykroyd, Eurythmics, Kenny Loggins, the Psychedelic Furs, Bob & Doug McKenzie, Lou Reed, Joey Ramone, Andy Warhol, the Cars, the GoGos, the Bangles, Colin Hay and Men at Work, Boy George, Bon Jovi, Bryan Adams, John Mellencamp, Hugh Hefner, Paul Stanley, Gene Simmons, Rod Stewart, Cheap Trick, Billy Idol,  Thomas Dolby, Joe Jackson, Cyndi Lauper, Crowded House, Aretha Franklin, Michael McDonald, Rick Springfield, Peter Wolf, Toto, Level 42, Steve Martin, Tom Hanks, Martin Short, Chevy Chase and Pee-wee Herman among others.

In his latter MTV years, Hunter became known for his remotes and road trips in such iconic and pioneering MTV programming like MTV Spring Break, MTV's Amuck in America and MTV's Hedonism Weekend with Bon Jovi in Jamaica.

Life after MTV
In August 1987, after six years with the channel, Hunter departed MTV as a full-time host and relocated from New York to Los Angeles. The same year, he traveled to Russia in September as a freelancer for the channel for a program called Rock in Russia. The documentary explored the world of rock music amid President Gorbachev's perestroika in the Soviet Union while following Billy Joel on his pioneering concert tour to Moscow and Leningrad.

In 1989, he appeared in the film White Hot.

For the years he was in Los Angeles, Hunter starred in numerous Fox pilots, like HayWire and Pure Insanity, precursors of today's reality programming, as well as commercials for Levi's Dockers and Chevrolet and numerous infomercials for Time-Life.

In the mid-1990s he moved back to his hometown of Birmingham, Alabama, to start a film company called Hunter Films, and, with his brothers, to create the multi-use entertainment facility, WorkPlay, named one of America's 40 Best Venues by Paste magazine.

In 2003, Hunter Films produced the Academy Award-nominated short film Johnny Flynton directed by Lexi Alexander, and executive produced the 2006 Sundance premiered movie Dreamland starring John Corbett, Gina Gershon and Justin Long. 2010 saw the release of the company's executive produced documentary Best Worst Movie and in 2011 the feature film Lifted, which they co-produced and in which Hunter co-stars with Dash Mihok, Nicki Aycox, Ruben Studdard, Trace Adkins and in which Uriah Shelton debuted.

Amid his entrepreneurial endeavors, in 2005 and 2006 Hunter continued his work as a TV host working with Encore and Starz for their first original series Looking for Stars. He was part of a Verizon Wireless national radio campaign for three years and since 2004 has been on Sirius XM radio's '80s on 8 channel, along with two other surviving original MTV VJs. In 2013, he and Blackwood, Goodman and Quinn co-authored the book "VJ: The Unplugged Adventures of MTV's First Wave," published by Atria Books.

Hunter co-founded Birmingham's Sidewalk Film Festival, named by Time magazine as one of the top ten "Film Festivals for the Rest of Us" and serves as its board president. He launched the civic activist group Catalyst4Birmingham and has been an integral part of promoting the film business in the state of Alabama lobbying for legislation to create film incentives as well as the creation of the Birmingham-Jefferson Film Office.

Hunter lives in Webster Groves, Missouri, with his wife, Elizabeth, and their two children. Elizabeth Hunter is an assistant professor of drama in the department of performing arts at Washington University in St. Louis.

title: Alan Hunter (VJ)


text:
Capitol Peak (Colorado)

Capitol Peak is a high and prominent mountain summit in the Elk Mountains range of the Rocky Mountains of North America. It is the 52nd highest mountain in North America. The 14137 ft fourteener is located in the Maroon Bells-Snowmass Wilderness of White River National Forest, 14.0 km east by south (bearing 104°) of the community of Redstone in Pitkin County, Colorado, United States.

Mountain
Capitol Peak lies on the long ridge connecting the heart of the Elk Mountains with Mount Sopris to the northwest. Capitol Peak is notable for its impressive vertical relief, rising 7500 feet above the Roaring Fork Valley. Additionally, it rises nearly 6000 feet above Snowmass Village in just under 9 miles.

Capitol Peak is one of the most difficult of Colorado's fourteeners to climb. The only non-technical route, the Northeast Ridge, requires crossing the famously exposed "Knife Edge," the northeast ridge of Capitol. Fatalities have occurred on this route. Other routes require technical rock climbing, for example, the Northwest Buttress Route (Grade IV, Class 5.9). These routes have significant rockfall danger due to a great deal of loose rock; however, the rock is substantially more solid than on the more famous Maroon Bells or on Pyramid Peak.

Capitol Peak Trail
Capitol Peak is a 15.1 mile lightly trafficked out and back trail located near Snowmass Village, Colorado that features a lake and is only recommended for very experienced adventurers. The trail is primarily used for hiking, rock climbing, and backpacking and is best used from July until September. Dogs are allowed to use this trail.

Camping
There is primitive camping near trail head in a designated site. No fee is required, but restrictions may exist.

There are several campsites near Capitol Lake. As of September 2022 all campsites in heavily impacted areas of the Maroon Bells-Snowmass Wilderness require permits obtained in advance.

Daly Pass
At the trail head, at an altitude of 9,400 feet, following several switchbacks for half a mile will lead you to Daly Pass. Daly Pass is the first point of interest on Capitol Peak. This pass is recognized for its saddle-shaped ridge reaching 12,480 feet.

K2
K2 is known for often being confused by hikers with the Capitol Peak summit. Many hikers will go around K2 on the North side where it is most exposed, though climbing over K2 has become a popular alternative route.

Knife Edge
The Knife Edge (pictured right) is famous for its 150-foot length with 2,000 foot drops on both sides. It is regarded as the crux of the route due to the exposure.

Summit
The view from Capitol Peak's summit includes Pierre Lakes in the huge cirque to the east. To the south is Snowmass Mountain, another Fourteener, at the end of a long shattered ridge. Farther to the east are red-striated peaks, including the Maroon Bells, Pyramid Peak, and Castle Peak. The long ridge of the Continental Divide is to the east.

Historical names

 * Capital Peak
 * Capitol Peak - by Hayden Survey who thought it looked similar to the U.S. Capitol building

title: Capitol Peak (Colorado)


text:
User talk:Kajal~enwiki

Insolation - the segment of the sun's radiation that is collected by Earth. The Sun is the source and the Earth is the sink. This is also known as solar energy.

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Kajal. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Kajal~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

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Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 14:45, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Kajal~enwiki


text:
Nina Blackwood

Nina Blackwood is an American disc jockey and music journalist, who was the first of the original five MTV VJs (along with Mark Goodman, J. J. Jackson, Alan Hunter, and Martha Quinn). She has been an actress and model noted for her raspy voice.

Early life and career
Blackwood was born Nina Kinckiner in Springfield, Massachusetts. Her father was in government service, and also taught Sunday school; he was never a minister, as has sometimes been reported. She grew up on the west side of Cleveland, Ohio, and attended Rocky River High School, graduating in 1970. In high school, she sang and played keyboards in her high school sweetheart's band, and covered the song "Venus."

Before entering broadcasting, Blackwood appeared nude in the August 1978 Playboy pictorial "The Girls in the Office" as a brunette.

She moved to California, and studied acting at the Strasberg Institute. Blackwood has acted in a number of TV show and films, making appearances in the movies Vice Squad (1982), Reckless Kelly (1993), and I Crave Rock & Roll (1996).

MTV and other television appearances
She was chosen for MTV's original video jockey lineup, along with Martha Quinn, Mark Goodman, Alan Hunter, and J. J. Jackson, when the network began airing in 1981. After leaving MTV in 1986, she hosted her own "Rock Report" for Entertainment Tonight. She also appeared on the TV music show Solid Gold from 1986 to 1988. Blackwood has appeared on A Current Affair, Access Hollywood, VH1, Discovery Channel, National Geographic, and MSNBC.

Radio career
In 1999, Blackwood and long-time manager/producer Danny Sheridan launched a nationally syndicated radio show for United Stations Radio Network titled Nina Blackwood's Absolutely 80's. The two followed up with another nationally syndicated program, the 80's alternative-themed Nina Blackwood's New Wave Nation (which, as of 2014, was no longer being produced). Blackwood formerly hosted a weekday show on Sirius XM Radio The 80s on 8 from 11 to 2 Eastern. On weekends, she continues to co-host the Sirius XM Radio show The Big '80s Top 40 Countdown with other original MTV VJ's.

She performed as part of the 2003 road company of The Vagina Monologues.

In popular culture
Blackwood has said that the 1984 John Waite hit single "Missing You" was written about her and that Waite has confirmed it was about her and other women he had dated.

Personal life
Blackwood, who was briefly married to a man named Dennis and has no children, lives on a farm in coastal Maine. A longtime animal lover, her farm acts as an animal sanctuary and is home to numerous dogs, cats, birds, horses, and other creatures.

Blackwood is known for her raspy voice, something she's had since she was a child, and has stated that it's gotten more pronounced as she has aged.

title: Nina Blackwood


text:
EZ

EZ or Ez may refer to:

Arts, entertainment and media

 * E-Z Rollers, a British drum and bass group
 * EZ Rock, a brand of radio stations in Canada
 * Ezekiel "EZ" Reyes, a fictional character in Mayans M.C.
 * E.Z. Taylor, a fictional character in Three's a Crowd
 * EZ. A commonly used word in the gaming world that stands for easy.

People

 * DJ EZ, a British DJ
 * E. Z. Money (Jason Broyles, born 1973), American professional wrestler

Transportation

 * E-ZPass, an American electronic toll collection system
 * EZ TAG, an American electronic toll collection system in Houston, Texas
 * Sun-Air of Scandinavia, IATA airline code EZ
 * Evergreen International Airlines, IATA airline code formerly EZ

Other uses

 * EZ Communications, former American corporation
 * EZ Industries, former Australian company
 * E–Z notation, in chemistry
 * eZ Platform, open-source software system
 * E-Z Sort card, an edge-notched card

title: EZ


text:
Home guard

Home guard is a title given to various military organizations at various times, with the implication of an emergency or reserve force raised for local defense.

The term "home guard" was first officially used in the American Civil War, starting with units formed by German immigrants in Missouri, and may derive from possible historical use of the term Heimwehr ("home guard") to describe units officially known as Landwehr ("country guard"), or from an attempted translation of landwehr.

Historical & Defunct

 * Aizsargi (Latvia, 1919–1940)
 * Home Guard (Unionist), during the American Civil War
 * Civilian Irregular Defense Group program (1961-1970) during the Vietnam War
 * Confederate Home Guard (1861–1865) during the American Civil War
 * Croatian Home Guard, several historic military formations during 19th and 20th century
 * Czechoslovak Home Guard (1918–1919)
 * Home Guard (Austria) (Heimwehr) (1920–1938) paramilitary unit of Fatherland Front Party
 * Home Guard (New Zealand) (1940–1943)
 * Home Guard (United Kingdom) (1940–1944)
 * Home Service Force, British force for the 1980s-90s.
 * Indian Home Guard, units raised from Indian tribes to support the Unionists in the American Civil War
 * Kikuyu Home Guard, a government paramilitary force in Kenya (1953–1955)
 * Lithuanian Riflemen's Union (1919–, unofficial since 1991)
 * Malayan Home Guard, auxiliary volunteer police forces in Malaya during Malayan Emergency
 * Narodnoe Opolcheniye, Russia
 * Slovene Home Guard (1943–1945)
 * Volkssturm, Nazi Germany (1944-1945)
 * Volunteer Defence Corps (Australia) (1940-1944)
 * Volunteer Fighting Corps, Japanese armed citizen militia (1945)

Similar units

 * Auxiliary Units
 * City guard
 * Civil Guard (disambiguation)
 * Gendarmerie
 * Home Guard (India)
 * Home Army (Armia Krajowa), Poland, World War II
 * Fencibles, British temporary militias
 * Boeitai, a Japanese home guard force of World War II
 * Local Defence troops (Finland)
 * Militia
 * Ordenanças, Portuguese home guard from 1570 to 1831
 * Omakaitse, Estonian Home Guard in World War II
 * State defense forces, home guards of individual U.S. states
 * United States Coast Guard Reserve "temporary reservists" during World War II
 * United States Guards
 * Wachdienst, an auxiliary organisation erected by the Third Reich in Germany during the last months of World War II

Other

 * Home Guard (Shannara), in Terry Brooks' novel series
 * Home Guard potato, a variety of first early potato

title: Home guard