text:
Talk:JAG (TV series)

Characters of JAG Table
A significant improvement over the previous table for Judge Advocate Gererals, but still has room for improvement. It seems to outline the major characters of the series, but should be edited. For instance, why is Chloe Madison included? She has nothing in common with the other characters who appear in the table. Why is Coates in the table byt Tiner is not? Where is Lt. Simms? These are just some of the issues.Mdewman6 (talk) 16:57, 3 January 2010 (UTC)
 * The table shows all characters who were credited as main cast for at least one season. 02:44, 8 December 2013 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.181.160.137 (talk)

Table for Judge Advocate Generals
I feel that the table of the judge advocates throughout the show provides irrelevant detail, some of the information is questionable, and overall detracts from the quality of the page. At the very least, it should not be located at the top of the article. It should be much lower in the article (well after premise) or be a separate page. Furthermore "Lieutenant" is mispelled throughout the right side of the table. Let's consider removing the table or at least moving it.

It may be jumping the gun, promoting Rabb to captain, since if I understood correctly, that'll only happen if he takes the transfer to London, leaving his daughter... —wwoods 05:47, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Mdewman6 (talk) 21:48, 29 December 2009 (UTC)I believe Rabb was frocked to Captain, meaning he was authorized to wear Captains insignia and actually "be" a Captain, but would continue to receive his Commander's O-5 pay. I don't think had a choice as to whether or not he would take the assignment in London, as he was reassigned, therefore he was promoted in preparation for his new post. The only "choice" he had was to resign his commission and not go to London. Regardless of how the coin-flip turned out, I think it's justified in saying the Rabb's highest rank achieved during the series is Captain.Mdewman6 (talk) 21:48, 29 December 2009 (UTC)

 * Rabb has a daughter? --Spinboy 05:51, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, he was wearing captain's stripes at the end of the show on his mess dress uniform, but I was under the same impression, so it's somewhat ambiguous I suppose. Also, he does not have a daughter- Mattie is a girl for whom he was the court-appointed legal guardian for a time. Her father is a no good alcoholic. In the finale, Rabb says that he plans to petition the court to make him her legal guardian again, and that he would take her to London if he accepted the billet there. M412k 20:05, 16 May 2005 (UTC)

The Bud Roberts link on here redirects to....JAG. Seems like a vicious circle. As Bud has been present in the series since the first season (albeit only as a minor character in some episodes), should he have his own page?--Stretch 09:29, 16 April 2006 (UTC)

Story arc
It seems to me that this article lacks a high-level overview of the broad story arcs through its ten series. —Theo (Talk) 15:02, 25 July 2006 (UTC)
 * True. Can someone point out some examples from other shows so that we know how much detail we need to go into when outlining the arc? --Stretch 12:40, 26 August 2006 (UTC)

Citations needed for "Critical and media reception"
"Despite being a long running show with high audience ratings, JAG only attracted a modest share of media attention compared to other contemporary shows such as Alias, 24, and Sex and the City. One common explanation, mainly among conservatives, is that the established media has regarded the military in the post-Vietnam period with great amounts of contempt and disapproval. Others would argue the lack of attention is due to the show's standard melodramatic lawyer show themes, simply set in a military environment. Another explanation common among the fans is that JAG never received enough advertising by Paramount and CBS."

-Is there a cite for this? It seems a pretty POV-focused speculation. I know I personally heard quite a bit about the show, and I'd distinguish it from those shows listed only as being more associated with (and geared toward) an older audience. (In Season 5 of Scrubs, the protagonist imagines living in a small apartment with a group of decrepit elderly men- he berates them for filling the TIVO with JAG episodes.) AlekKolchak 00:48, 9 June 2007 (UTC)AlekKolchak

 * I remember a few years ago reading an article at salon.com titled "A few sanctimonious men." That would probably take care of half the citation neededs, but unfortunately, now you have to sign up for premium access to look at salon.com's archives. Cromulent Kwyjibo 21:17, 3 July 2007 (UTC)

Tracey Needham guest starred in season 3?
I'm not sure if Tracey Needham, who played Lt. (j.g.) Meg Austin in Season 1, returned as a guest star in a season three episode. Who did she play? Can someone verify this and list the specific episode or remove the statement if untrue? Mdewman6 (talk) 19:35, 4 January 2009 (UTC)

Tracey Needham never returned to JAG after Season 1. That being said, archive footage of her was used in the episode "Death Watch". I don't know if you remember the episode, but it was basically mixing both old footage (from an unaired episode from the end of season one) and new. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 97.114.80.146 (talk) 17:18, 13 April 2009 (UTC)

I'll add to Chart that JAG was aired as well in Mexico
If Editors don't mind I'll add this information. JAG was aired in Mexico in Spanish language version on AXN. With name as "Justicia Militar" 201.129.196.101 19:21, 13 August 2006 (UTC) Zealotkommunizma

Trivia Section - Reference in "Man of the Year" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man_of_the_Year_%282006_film%29
Many articles have a Trivia Section where pop culture references made to the subject are listed.

In the Movie Man of The Year, it was referred to. Perhaps it should be included

DVD Release
A request for verification of the absence of special features on the R4 dvd release of the first season was made. I can confirm this is true - I own the DVD and there are no special features. However I don't have a citation; ultimately michael dvd will update this page http://www.michaeldvd.com.au/Discs/Disc.asp?ID=20744 and we'll have a verifiable cite, but there isn't one yet Quadparty 08:50, 5 November 2006 (UTC)

The R2 release may also not have the special features. I haven't bought it (I'd already obtained the R1 version), but I inspected the R2 box in the shops, and no special features are listed on it. Can anyone who has it confirm this. (Play.com don't list any special features on their website either) Greenpeas 12:44, 9 November 2006 (UTC)

Its producers were really sloths... Weren't they?
It depicts Peru, more precisely Lima, in a unrealistic way devoid of any knowledge of how Lima and Peru looks like. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 201.240.157.66 (talk) 01:46, 5 December 2006 (UTC).

Know the feeling, that was the one they used loads of footage from "Clear and Present Danger" I think...JAG is a favourite of mine, but just re-watched the 2nd season Northern Ireland episode. Dressing up a New York street backlot to look like Belfast? RUC using black taxis with a blue light on? A black Jaguar saloon as an "undercover" police car? Even a red London bus?......Please try harder!!Greenpeas 12:20, 8 March 2007 (UTC)

And Serbs in pilot episode looks like Cubans. :D —Preceding unsigned comment added by 195.29.235.2 (talk) 07:51, 14 August 2009 (UTC)

I could never watch the series without cracking up. There is absolutely no resemblance between the TV series and real life. JAG corps officers are lawyers. They work in offices, try cases, write legal briefs, and go home. They don't carry sidearms, fly planes, or chase spies. I used to work in a Naval legal office when this show began. The mother of one of the lawyers saw the show and panicked. She had no idea that her son was running around risking his life chasing bad guys. He told her, "Ma, it's just a show. I just sit at my desk and write briefs.  I don't even have a gun!"99.0.37.134 (talk) 21:02, 9 September 2012 (UTC)

DVD charts & sales?
I was wondering if anyone has the sales and chart information for the DVD releases. I assume that the DVDs are selling well because the releases are so close together. I think it would be good to add sales data to the DVD section in the article. -- Underneath-it-All 05:48, 17 December 2006 (UTC)

CFD notice
Removed cfdnotice, cfd has completed. --Kbdank71 15:20, 9 May 2008 (UTC)

Pulling rank
Since I've seen this controvesy elsewhere, let me put it to rest here: In A Few Good Men, Demi (Commander) ranked Tom (Lieutenant). On "JAG", they reversed it, so Harm (the star) ranked Mac (not). They were of equal rank, but Rabb had more time in grade, so he was senior. Trekphiler 10:01, 1 January 2007 (UTC)
 * At one point, when they were both O-4, that is true. But Mac was promoted to O-5 before Harm. Mac technically has more time in grade HOWEVER, Harm is technically her senior because he has time in service. Both are irrelavent because they are of equivalent rank. The only way one would be officially senior to the other is if their billet requires one of the to take precedence over the other thus becoming the senior officer. While Mac served as Chief of Staff this position did not make such a distinction. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 71.126.182.19 (talk) 08:13, 23 January 2007 (UTC).

Folks, Mac is senior. Remember, Tinner could not decide whom to charge for disobeying AJ's order to return home after Bud was injured; it was Singer who asked him who was Sr. and he said Mac.

In one episode, Admiral Chegwidden and Harm are having a conversation where the Admiral says something to the effect, "Mac is senior" and Harm replies, "By two months." I believe they were 0-4 (Lt. Commander and Major, referring to Harm and Mac, respectively) at the time. It is unclear if this refers to time in grade or length of overall service. While we know when Harm was promoted to Lt. Commander in season 1, we do not know when Mac became a Major. Mac was promoted to 0-5 (Lt. Colonel) before Harm was promoted to 0-5 (Commander) in season 5. Mdewman6 (talk) 19:21, 4 January 2009 (UTC)

Why clean up?
As usual, whoever tagged this article for clean up didn't bother to give a reason why. Nothing jumps out at me that needs to be cleaned up. There are some things I would reword, but nothing major. Cromulent Kwyjibo 22:49, 18 April 2007 (UTC)

Centralized TV Episode Discussion
Over the past months, TV episodes have been redirected by (to name a couple) TTN, Eusebeus and others. No centralized discussion has taken place, so I'm asking everyone who has been involved in this issue to voice their opinions here in this centralized spot, be they pro or anti. Discussion is here. Even if you have not, other opinions are needed because this issue is affecting all TV episodes in Wikipedia. --User: (talk) 03:48, 21 January 2008 (UTC)

NCIS Spin-off: Characters
Should the spin-off section also recognize that Michael Bellisario was Mikey Roberts (Bud's little brother) in JAG, and also appeared as Chip Sterling (Abby's assistant) in NCIS? -Rianna (talk) 21:35, 8 March 2008 (UTC)

First Monday
It's a JAG'spin-off or a TV show in the same universe because I believe that there is same characters like the Dean Stockwell character from JAG?--Locusfr (talk) 01:14, 27 March 2009 (UTC)

jag
Jag is a slang for hyper activity and for partying. When one is jagged up or getting their jag on, they feel confident, energetic, excited, and or under the influence of alcohol or stimmulant drugs like ecstasy or cocaine. The term jag is usually heard in the club or party atmosphere. Usually people get their jag on at raves while under the influence of stimmulant drugs and while in dancing, this is when the person feels best and has feelings of euphoria.

 * This would appear to be completely unrelated to the topic of this article where JAG is the acronym for Judge Advocate General, but then I doubt this really is of interest to the above writer.

In Swedish, jag is the first person singular personal pronoun - eq. of English I. Yes, they used a different title around here... ;D — Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.254.151.33 (talk) 11:17, 5 September 2012 (UTC)

Huh?
This article states: "For his actions, he received the Purple Heart" Not sure this is correct - for a gallantry award, the recipient would receive the medal "for his actions." But for a purple heart? His action was stepping on a landmine. He might have gotten a humanitarian award for trying to save the little boy's life (if such exists) which would be for "his actions," but the Purple Heart is just for being wounded in combat. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 192.158.61.141 (talk) 12:55, 29 April 2011 (UTC)

Bud Roberts and A. J. Chegwidden
Does anybody have the information on how these characters earned some of their decorations- eg Bud's Purple Heart etc. HJMitchell    You rang?   22:58, 7 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Bud got his leg blown off in Afghanistan at the end of season 8 (I think that's the right season).  So I'm assuming that's why he has a purple heart. Darry2385 (talk) 23:31, 7 October 2009 (UTC)

Bud got his leg blown off in the last episode of series 7. Greenpeas (talk) 10:27, 9 March 2010 (UTC)

 * Admiral Chegwidden was a SEAL in Vietnam so he earned a number of his medals and ribbons then. In fact he wears the Vietnam Service Medal, the Southwest Asia Service Medal, the Vietnam Gallantry Cross Unit Citation, and the Vietnam Campaign Medal which all came out of his SEAL days. The Vietnam Service Medal has a single service star which indicates he participated in at least one campaign in Vietnam. The Vietnam Gallantry Unit Citation has a palm which means it's awarded at the armed forces level. He wears the Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal which may be another Vietnam era award. According to the [|article] on the AFEM it was awarded to military personnel involved in the war until '65 when the Vietnam Service Medal was created and those individuals who had received the AFEM could replace it with the Vietnam Service Medal. BUT in '68 was awarded in defense of the USS Pueblo after it's seizure by North Korea and for service in Korea. And the AEFM was awarded in '73 during operations in Thailand and Cambodia. Individuals who took part in the Vietnam War could thus earn both the AFEM and the Vietnam Service Medal for any of these. His trident should be obvious, he was a SEAL and that's a SEAL Trident. According to the character bio page after Vietnam Chegwidden transferred to surface warfare and ended up commanding an Arleigh Burke-class destroyer before joining the JAG corps so he could wear a Surface Warfare Officer's badge that he's not shown wearing. He's supposed to have become a lawyer in the '80s so unless he briefly pulled a Rabb and returned either to Surface Warfare or the SEALs during Desert Shield and Desert Storm (by pulling a Rabb I mean how Rabb returned briefly to being a pilot) I'm not sure why he was awarded the Kuwait Liberation Medal. Although maybe he was assigned as a JAG officer aboard one of the naval ships that took part in Operation Desert shield and Operation Desert Storm. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.105.246.125 (talk) 23:42, 12 October 2014 (UTC)

Opening sequence
Anyone know whether the destroyer shown in the opening sequence is actually USS Arleigh Burke. The pennant number painted on the prow is 51 - DDG-51 is the Arleigh Burke. May be worth mentioning that the lead vessel of the current class of US destroyers featured in the opening sequence. Agent0060 20:17, 28 April 2010 (UTC)

 * It would be a good factoid to add, and if you can find a reference that confirms it is the Arleigh Burke, feel free to add it. Lhb1239 (talk) 15:25, 24 May 2011 (UTC)

Huge changes, no discussion
There have been huge (and I mean HUGE) changes to this article in the last 24 hours without any discussion at all. Please do not make any more similar changes until discussion has taken place and some kind of consensus reached. Personally, I would like to know the thought behind eliminating huge sections on this article, how it fits into Wikipedia policy, and how those making the changes feel they help the article. Lhb1239 (talk) 18:55, 17 July 2011 (UTC)
 * Well there a dictatorship over other articles such as the NCIS and NCIS character list.Phd8511 (talk) 18:13, 29 December 2013 (UTC)
 * That thread was dormant for 1.5 years. Niteshift36 (talk) 19:27, 29 December 2013 (UTC)

Dead CBS link
The link to JAG on the CBS website is dead and looks like it cannot be replaced. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.83.10.220 (talk) 20:26, 24 May 2013 (UTC)

JAG characters to NCIS
I haven't seen any mention yet that Sean Murray who has been McGee since the start of NCIS, began on JAG as the son of Chegwidden love interest Dr Sydney Walden in 6 episodes. He played a different character name, but for his final appearance on JAG he was "encouraged" by Chegwidden to enlist in the Navy. So, evidently he changed his name and at some point went into NCIS :-) — Preceding unsigned comment added by KerryEDavis (talk • contribs) 17:30, 28 October 2013 (UTC)
 * not relevantPhd8511 (talk) 18:11, 29 December 2013 (UTC).

 * That's assumption based on the same actor playing a role on the two series. Zoe McLellan played Petty Officer Jennifer Coates on JAG and now she's playing Special Agent Meredith Brody on NCIS: New Orleans. Are we to then assume Brody is really Coates after a name change? Their two different characters. What about Ensign Terry Guitry, did he have a name change and become Danny Walden? Sean Murray played Guitry two years before playing Walden in the season 4 episode Innocence. Again, different characters. McGee is not Danny Walden. In the TV series NCIS not everyone is active duty Navy or Marines. In fact not everyone is ex-Navy or Marines either. McGee never enlisted in the Navy. -anonymous 10/12/2014 6:43 PM EST — Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.105.246.125 (talk) 22:43, 12 October 2014 (UTC)

series "The Tailer likes ME" looks like real
the mix of hollywood and millitary or what is it navy looks interesting from here,

79.234.235.251 (talk) 08:56, 19 February 2014 (UTC)

bought or given away limerik of the admiral
there are better liers than north, but some lie worse — Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.234.199.222 (talk) 11:07, 19 February 2014 (UTC)

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Moved section containing original research from main page
Almost all episodes of the series feature scenes filmed aboard real United States Navy ships. The ship most widely used was USS Forrestal (CV-59), in commission as a training carrier at the time. Most of the Nimitz-class carriers also appear in one or several episodes. USS Saratoga (CV-60), USS Enterprise (CVN-65), and USS John F. Kennedy (CV-67) were also used in the series.

USS Enterprise was used as the fictional USS Seahawk in many episodes. USS Forrestal and USS Dwight D. Eisenhower (CVN-69) were also used as the fictional Seahawk, both in season four and for one episode each. For scenes filmed aboard Enterprise, the whole crew wore caps reading USS Seahawk – CVN 65 so they matched the ship's real hull number.

USS Forrestal was featured in many episodes, most prominently two in which she portrayed the fictional USS Reprisal. In these episodes, all crew members wore caps with the CV-35 pennant number. This number was intentionally out of sequence with the pennant numbers of active USN carriers at the time the series was filmed. CV-35 would have been the real pennant number of an Essex-class carrier actually called Reprisal, which was canceled during construction in 1945 when World War II ended, and broken up in 1949 after consideration had been given to completing her to a revised design roughly similar to that of USS Oriskany (CV-34).

Only six USN ships featured in the series were called by their real names: USS Hornet (CV-12), USS Coral Sea (CV-43), USS Kitty Hawk (CV-63), USS America (CV-66), USS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN-71), and USS Belknap (CG-26). Kitty Hawk is mentioned in one of the season-three episodes, but never seen on screen. America is the murder scene in a season-three episode, but shots supposedly depicting her are in fact shots of Forrestal. Real shots of Theodore Roosevelt in harbor are used in one episode of season one.

Season-three opener "Ghost Ship" was filmed entirely aboard Hornet while she was laid up at Alameda Naval Air Station before being preserved as a museum ship. Part of the storyline in "Ghost Ship" deals with the final fate of Hornet. It implies (though not explicitly stating it) she was eventually scrapped due to severe fire damage sustained during the course of the episode, contrary to her real-life fate as a national landmark. The subplot in "Ghost Ship" indicating that the ship's double hull had to be cut open from the inside to repair supposed damage to her bow during Vietnam was not at all correct with her service record.

Coral Sea is also featured in the season-three episode "Vanished" and season-four episodes "Angels 30" and "Shakedown". As she had already been scrapped at the time the episodes supposedly took place, archival footage of Coral Sea was used, with other footage shot aboard Forrestal. The majority of the exterior scenes from "Angels 30" were filmed aboard Forrestal and a few aboard Enterprise.

Belknap is mentioned in the season-four episode "Going after Francesca" as the Sixth Fleet flagship, a role she actually fulfilled in real life from 1986 until her decommissioning in 1994. Belknap had already been decommissioned and was laid up awaiting scrapping when the episode was filmed, allowing for actual exterior shots of the ship to be featured in the episode.

The series also includes appearances by Tarawa-class amphibious assault ships, Ticonderoga-class cruisers, Arleigh Burke-class destroyers (in particular USS Arleigh Burke (DDG-51) itself during the opening credit montage), and Oliver Hazard Perry-class frigates. In one of the episodes, the Spanish frigate SPANISH FRIGATE Santa María is used to depict a fictional USN Oliver Hazard Perry-class ship (denoted by her NATO pennant number "F 81" painted under the bridge, instead of the U.S. practice of having a "number only" ID painted on the bow).

While most sea episodes are focused on aviation missions, several are based around submarine warfare: namely episodes 1:3, 2:6, 4:16, 5:22, 6:15, 7:14, 7:24, 8:7, 8:17, and 9:7.

Ricjac (talk) 10:41, 4 October 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:JAG (TV series)


text:
Cheng Hoon Teng Temple

The Cheng Hoon Teng Temple (also called as the Temple of Green Cloud) is a Chinese temple practising the Three Doctrinal Systems of Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism located at No. 25 Jalan Tokong, Malacca City, Malaysia. It is the oldest functioning temple in the country.

History
The temple site was founded during the era of Dutch Malacca by the Chinese Kapitans Tay Kie Ki Tay Hong Yong in 1645. There are some controversy about the exact time the temple was built. Inscription in the temple recorded the Ming Dynasty calendar Wanli Reign period 28 years might proved the building might be already been there since 1600 or earlier in the 15th Century. Additional structures were then constructed in 1673 under the leadership of Kapitan Li Wei King Koon Chang with materials imported from China. The temple served as the main place of worship for the local Hoklo (Hokkien) community. Kapitan Chan Ki Lock constructed a main hall for the temple in 1704. In 1801, the temple structures were renovated under the leadership of Kapitan Chua Su Cheong Tok Ping who was the father of Choa Chong Long, the first Kapitan of Singapore, with the addition of additional structures.

In 1962, then abbot Seck Kim Seng ordained Houn Jiyu-Kennett, a Zen nun from England and the future founder of the Order of Buddhist Contemplatives, at this temple. The temple was awarded a UNESCO award for outstanding architectural restoration in 2003.

Features
The temple is situated close to Jalan Tukang Emas, also known as "Harmony Street" because of its proximity to the Kampung Kling Mosque and Sri Poyatha Moorthi Temple, covering an area of 4,600 m2. Featuring a magnificent main gate along Jalan Tokong, the temple consists of a complex of several prayer halls with a large main prayer hall dedicated to the goddess of mercy, Guan Yin. Additional smaller prayer quarters were added later. One of these is dedicated to the Chinese deities of wealth, longevity and propagation, while another dedicated to ancestral tablets. One of the main features of the temple is the seven-metre red flag-pole facing the left wing of the main prayer hall, which houses the remains of two of the three Kapitans who contributed to the construction of the temple. Across the road is a traditional opera theatre which forms a part of the temple complex. The building conforms to the principles of feng shui where the complex is laid out to ensure a view of the river and high ground on either side.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Cheng Hoon Teng Temple


text: Category:World Heritage Sites in Malaysia


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Kappa Kappa Gamma

Kappa Kappa Gamma (ΚΚΓ), also known simply as Kappa or KKG, is a collegiate sorority founded at Monmouth College in Monmouth, Illinois, United States.

It has a membership of more than 260,000 women, with 140 collegiate chapters in the United States and Canada and 307 alumni associations worldwide.

It is sometimes referred to by its original designation, a women's fraternity, as it was founded before the term "sorority" was coined. It is a founding member of the National Panhellenic Conference (NPC), an umbrella organization that includes 26 American sororities.

History
In 1869, two students at Monmouth College in Monmouth, Illinois, Mary Louise Bennett and Hannah Jeannette Boyd, were dissatisfied with the fact that, while men enjoyed membership in fraternities, women had few equivalent organizations for companionship, support, and advancement, and were instead limited to literary societies. Bennett and Boyd decided to create a women's fraternity and sought members "not only for literary work, but also for social development", beginning with their friend Mary Moore Stewart. Stewart, Boyd, and Bennett met in the Amateurs des Belles Lettres Hall, a literary society of which the women were active members, to plan their new society. They recruited three additional women, Anna Elizabeth Willits, Martha Louisa Stevenson, and Susan Burley Walker, to join in founding the fraternity.

The six founders met at Willit's home to begin work on establishing the Alpha chapter of Kappa Kappa Gamma. They chose a golden key as their badge and had badges crafted by Bennett's family jeweler for their official debut. A formal charter for the fraternity was drawn up by Stewart's father, who was an attorney in the state of Illinois. On October 13, 1870, the founders publicized their intention to organize as a women's fraternity by entering the Monmouth Chapel, a public campus venue, wearing their golden key badges in their hair. Although the groundwork of the organization began as early as 1869, the 1876 Convention voted to recognize 1870-10-13 as the official Founders Day since no earlier charter date could be determined.

In 1871, the fraternity chartered its Beta chapter at nearby St. Mary's School in Knoxville. The next year, the fraternity opened its Gamma chapter at Smithson College and Delta chapter at Indiana University. Though the Beta and Gamma chapters failed to survive more than a few years, the Delta chapter became the fraternity's oldest continuously active chapter (Alpha was temporarily closed in 1874 but later re-established) and contributed a great deal to the organization of the fraternity in its early years.

In 1882, Kappa Kappa Gamma was the first women's fraternity to publish The Key, a quarterly journal. Today, it is published triennially through Watkins Printing Company.

In 1890, the Beta Alpha chapter of Kappa Kappa Gamma became the first sorority at the University of Pennsylvania, an Ivy League university in Philadelphia, led by president Martha Bunting

Moves Toward Panhellenic
In 1891, Kappa Kappa Gamma invited the other women's fraternities to Boston for a discussion on the challenges they collectively faced, which was the precursor to the National Panhellenic Conference. However, no major movements occurred from this meeting, and none would occur for another decade when Alpha Phi invited Pi Beta Phi, Kappa Alpha Theta, Kappa Kappa Gamma, Delta Gamma, Gamma Phi Beta, Delta Delta Delta, Alpha Chi Omega, and Chi Omega to a conference in Chicago on May 24, 1902, to set standards for collegiate sororities. This meeting resulted in the organization of the first inter-fraternity association and the first intergroup organization on college campuses.

In the 1960s, G. William Domhoff, writing in Who Rules America?, listed Kappa Kappa Gamma as one of "the four or five sororities with nationwide prestige."

From 1929 to 1952, the organization was headquartered in the Law and Finance Building in Downtown Columbus, Ohio. In 1952, Kappa Kappa Gamma purchased its first headquarters at 530 East Town Street, now part of the East Town Street Historic District. On January 2, 2018, Kappa Kappa Gamma moved from the building to 6640 Riverside Drive in Dublin, Ohio.

Symbols
Kappa Kappa Gamma's official colors are light blue and dark blue, with the owl as its official mascot. The fraternity flower, the fleur-de-lis, combines the fraternity's colors of dark blue and light blue. Since the fleur-de-lis is a mythical symbol, the iris is often substituted for practical purposes. The fraternity jewel is the blue sapphire. The sapphire is recognized as a symbol of truth, sincerity, and constancy. The fraternity coat of arms combines all of the fraternity's symbols: the key, the Greek letters, the new-member pin, the fleur-de-lis, the owl, and the head of Minerva.

Kappa Kappa Gamma used "Tradition of Leadership" as a tagline in many previous fraternity publications, but, as of June 2012, the new fraternity tagline was changed to "Aspire to Be".

In June 2018, an announcement was made that a new brand would be rolled out during the 2018–2019 academic year with the tag line "Dream Boldly, Live Fully".

Badges
The badge of membership is the golden key. The standard badge is one inch in length and is sometimes jeweled with sapphires, pearls or diamonds. On the front of the key are the Greek letters ΚΚΓ (on the stem) and ΑΩΟ (on the ward). Often the initials and initiation date of the member to whom the badge belongs are inscribed on the back of the badge. The original keys were larger and were not standardized; many were specially made to the member's specifications, sometimes including stones such as opals. They were also worn on members' lapels, foreheads or hair, whereas today, badges are uniformly worn on the left side of the chest. The badge is worn strictly as an emblem of membership by initiated members. The fraternity encourages badges to be returned to the headquarters upon a member's death.

New, uninitiated members of Kappa Kappa Gamma wear a different badge, which is a sigma within a delta enameled on silver in the two colors of the fraternity, dark blue and light blue. The new member pin is only worn during the new member period, after which it is returned to the initiating chapter.

Philanthropy
Kappa Kappa Gamma supports a three-part Philanthropy program, often referred to as "Philanthropy 1-2-3".

 * The first branch of philanthropy supports the Kappa family through the Kappa Kappa Gamma Foundation, which provides funding for Kappa museums, members-only scholarships, educational and leadership programming, and the Rose McGill fund, which provides emergency financial aid to sisters in need.
 * The second branch supports the local community by encouraging chapters and alumnae associations to volunteer and raise money for charities in their regions.
 * The third branch encompasses the entire fraternity through its national philanthropy, Reading is Fundamental (RIF). The fraternity officially adopted RIF, which works to promote literacy in children, as the national philanthropy in 2004.

Local KKG chapters may support other foundations or philanthropies individually.

 * Starting in 2021, Kappa Kappa Gamma has nationally split from Reading is Fundamental and has announced their new national philanthropy: Mental Health and Well-Being.

Leadership
Collegiate chapters contain a governing body of members that include a President, Treasurer, Secretary, and officers assigned to chapter functions such as membership, standards, events, and philanthropy. Often these officers supervise committees as well. The chapter officers are advised by and report to alumnae volunteers who serve as chapter advisors, traveling Leadership Consultants, and Fraternity Council officers.

The national Fraternity Council consists of six elected alumnae (the President, four Vice Presidents, and Treasurer) and two non-voting members (the National Panhellenic Conference Delegate, and the Fraternity Executive Director). Their work is supported by 11 Content Directors, 14 District Directors, dozens of Content Specialists, various committees, and Kappa Kappa Gamma Headquarters staff. As of January 2018, the Fraternity moved their headquarters from Columbus, Ohio to a new facility in Dublin, Ohio.

In 2004, Leadership Academy began offering undergraduate and alumna members intensive leadership development at an outdoor weekend retreat. Programming for the Leadership Academy has been developed in partnership with The Tompeters! Company and Bradford Woods, an outdoor education facility in Indiana. More recently, Leadership Academy has taken place at Heartland Conference Retreat Center in Marengo, Ohio, near the Fraternity Headquarters.

The Monmouth Duo
The women's fraternity Pi Beta Phi was founded as I.C. Sorosis at Monmouth College in 1867. Kappa Kappa Gamma was founded at the college in 1870, and in 1888 I.C. Sorosis adopted Greek letters and changed its name to Pi Beta Phi. Because both fraternities have their origins at the same college within three years of one another, they are often called "The Monmouth Duo". On campuses with Pi Beta Phi and Kappa Kappa Gamma chapters, the groups often hold joint social and philanthropic events.

Racism
In 2018, the Kappa Kappa Gamma chapter at the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque was under fire for making racist comments during a Greek Life welcome event. The Vice President of Black Brothers Cultivating Knowledge alleged that the sorority girls behind him said "'Black people, get away from me" and "Black people stop wearing grills" while a black woman was speaking.

In 2020, the Kappa Kappa Gamma chapter at the Indiana University Bloomington in Bloomington, Indiana was suspended partially due to the blatant mistreatment of the only black member in the house.

University of Wyoming transgender lawsuit
In 2023, seven members at the University of Wyoming sued the sorority headquarters to remove a transgender woman, Artemis Langford, who they felt pressured to induct into the sorority. They say the induction violates the sorority bylaws which state it is a "single-gender" organization. In the lawsuit, it states sorority members allegedly noticed her become notably sexually aroused as other sorority members were changing shirts and staring inappropriately at members. She denied this and text messages from sorority members submitted to the court supported her denial. The sorority headquarters states it “values diversity” and does not discriminate based on gender identity.

The Federal lawsuit was dismissed without prejudice on 25 August 2023, citing that "The University of Wyoming chapter voted to admit - and, more broadly, a sorority of hundreds of thousands approved - [the admission of transgender individual, Artemis] Langford. With its inquiry beginning and ending there, the Court will not define ‘woman’ today. The delegate [~chapter] of a private, voluntary organization interpreted ‘woman’, otherwise undefined in the nonprofit's bylaws; [hence,] this Judge may not invade Kappa Kappa Gamma's freedom of expressive association." This ruling effectively places any resolution back with the national and local organization to resolve internally. In his decision, which used female pronouns, some of the sorority's arguments were called "plainly inaccurate" stating that any appeal should not be a "copy and paste" as its arguments were weak. The national sorority later expelled two long-serving alumnae volunteers who had used the sorority's member database to solicit donations to help pay for the Wyoming lawsuit.

Hazing
In 1997, the television show 20/20 featured an exposé on hazing in the sorority system that included a hazing by three members of Kappa Kappa Gamma at DePauw University in Greencastle, Indiana, and a local sorority Lambda Delta Sigma at Concordia College in Saint Paul, Minnesota. The three members of Kappa Kappa Gamma, on November 6, 1997, were accused of branding three pledges with cigarettes in a family hazing rite after a night of heavy drinking. After being burned, the pledges were encouraged to streak across campus and to grovel for cigarettes at a fraternity house. The result was severe enough to send one of the pledges to the hospital with minor burn injuries. The disclosure of the incident caused investigations by the sorority and campus to be launched. The members who were involved with the incident were not charged by the state of Indiana with criminal recklessness under the hazing statute, as had been reported. They did, however, face a possible trial for alcohol possession but due to difficulty proving who provided the alcohol, the members were given community service instead. DePauw's reaction to the hazing for the chapter was to put the chapter on social probation until Fall 1999 and cut its pledge class in half for two years. The thirteen members who had either been involved with the incident or had known about it were given one-semester suspensions and social probation for their participation, and were voted by their chapter to retain membership within the chapter.

In 2014, the Kappa Kappa Gamma chapter at the University of Connecticut in Storrs, Connecticut, was kicked off campus until 2017 for forcing pledges to drink until they passed out, act like animals, and wiggle on the floor like "sizzling bacon".

In 2015, the Kappa Kappa Gamma chapter at Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio was suspended for initiation rituals that involved heavy consumptions of alcohol.

In 2020, the Kappa Kappa Gamma chapter at Indiana University Bloomington in Bloomington, Indiana, was suspended for hazing and misconduct. One pledge reported to authorities she and about 50 other pledges were escorted to a basement, where senior members of the sorority were clad in lingerie intimidating them and pranked them thinking they had to perform oral sex on fraternity members or do a line of cocaine. One senior member of the sorority allegedly stated, "they (pledges) were lucky they didn't have to do anything worse as pledges for a top-tier sorority."

Bruce Ivins
Bruce Ivins, the senior bio-defense researcher at United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), before allegedly being driven to suicide by allegations that he was the "sole perpetrator of the 2001 anthrax attacks", reportedly had a "long and strange obsession" with Kappa Kappa Gamma, as well as with other sororities such as Chi Omega. Ivins reportedly became obsessed with Kappa when he was rebuffed by a woman in the sorority during his days as a student at the University of Cincinnati. The letters containing anthrax spores (which eventually killed 5 people and injured dozens more) were mailed from a drop box approximately 300 feet from a KKG storage facility at Princeton University, and only 60 feet from the KKG office. A US Government investigative panel, called the Expert Behavioral Analysis Panel, issued a report in March 2011 which detailed more of Ivins' obsession with the sorority. According to the panel's report, Ivins tormented sorority member Nancy Haigwood at the University of North Carolina. Ivins stole her notebook, which documented her research for her doctoral studies, and vandalized her residence.

Collegiate chapters

 * Kappa Kappa Gamma has chartered a total of 161 chapters, 30 of which the fraternity has closed. Eight of the 30 closed chapters have been rechartered, and none of the rechartered chapters have been closed.
 * Active chapters exist in 41 of the 50 states and Washington, D.C. as well as in three of the 10 Canadian provinces.
 * The state with the largest number of active chapters is California, with 17 active chapters and one inactive chapter. Kappa has had active chapters at all nine of the University of California undergraduate campuses.
 * The fraternity's most expansionary year was 1929, with six new chapters chartered.
 * The fraternity's most expansionary decades were the 1980s, in which 19 chapters were chartered, and the 1920s, in which 18 chapters where chartered and one chapter was rechartered.
 * The fraternity's least expansionary decades were the 1890s, in which five chapters were chartered and one chapter was rechartered, and the 1960s, in which six chapters were chartered.
 * The decade with the largest number of chapter closures was the 1880s, with six chapters closed.

title: Kappa Kappa Gamma


text:
Michael Andrews (artist)

Michael James Andrews (30 October 1928 – 19 July 1995) was a British painter.

Life and work
Michael Andrews was born in Norwich, England, the second child of Thomas Victor Andrews and his wife Gertrude Emma Green. During his last year at school Andrews attended Saturday morning classes at the Norwich School of Art where he studied painting in oils with Leslie Davenport. He completed his National service between 1947 and 1949, nineteen months of which was spent in Egypt. From 1949 to 1953 he studied at the Slade School of Fine Art under William Coldstream, Lucian Freud, William Townsend and Lawrence Gowing. Fellow students and friends there included Victor Willing, Keith Sutton, Diana Cumming, Euan Uglow and Craigie Aitchison. In 1953 he spent six months in Italy at the British School at Rome after receiving a Rome Scholarship in Painting.

From 1958 he taught at the Slade and Chelsea School of Art. He held a fellowship at the Digswell Arts Trust between February 1958 and June 1960, in that period he shared a studio with Patrick Swift. In 1959 his painting A Man Who Suddenly Fell Over was acquired by the Tate Gallery. In the 1960s he painted works showing parties; later, the "Lights" series presented views from the air. Andrews was much impressed by a visit to Ayers Rock in 1983, but the works he produced toward the end of his life are of scenes from Scotland and London. In 1978 he moved to the village of Geldeston on the Norfolk/Suffolk border before moving to the village of Saxlingham Nethergate in 1981 in his home county of Norfolk. He was a member of the Norwich Twenty Group.

He painted Sax AD 832 in 1982 to celebrate 1,150 years of the village's history. The painting was auctioned at Christie's London on 20 June 2007 and was sold for £692,000. Major exhibitions of Andrews' works were held by the Arts Council in 1981 and Tate Britain in 2001. During 1988 he served on the Board of Trustees of The National Gallery in London, but he found travelling up from Norfolk for the meetings irksome and he did not complete his full term. He returned to London in 1992.

In 1994 he underwent an operation for cancer before dying in London on 19 July 1995. A memorial service attended by many of his Soho and Slade friends was held at St. Mary's Church, Battersea. He is buried in Perthshire.

Michael Andrews played a deaf-mute in Lorenza Mazzetti's Free Cinema film Together, alongside Eduardo Paolozzi (1955).

title: Michael Andrews (artist)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kadan kingdom

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. — Xezbeth 09:54, May 2, 2005 (UTC)

Kadan kingdom

 * Delete - I am the major author of the entry and I vote for deletion because although every single line of the article is right it is not a real encyclopaedia entry. I will try to correct my reputation with some real entries. I was just inspired by the Conch Republic that reminded me of our student country that still recalls good memories in several minds. Thank you all for the care and do not hesitate to delete it.Aloysius
 * Want a reputation? Get an account! Septentrionalis 20:31, 1 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete all micronations. RickK 05:51, Apr 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete all micronations. Master Thief Garrett 06:01, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, cruft. Megan1967 06:37, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete TigerShark 14:38, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * The existence of this supposed kingdom is completely unverifiable. Delete. Uncle G 20:07, 2005 Apr 24 (UTC)
 * Delete all micronations, as vanity. José San Martin 20:25, Apr 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * hm, maybe we should start a DeleteAllMicronationsist movement, and call in the heavies to merciless Delete-vote any and all that come up...! Master Thief Garrett 22:16, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Whether or not micronations are notable, encyclopedic, etc, this article is nonsense:
 * "The exact day is not given but it is usually celebrated today. There is, however, a numerous group of authorities who claim tomorrow to be the most feazible day of independence", "Dad Language" is an official language and its currency is "All the money of the world."
 * Hmmm. So, delete as nonsense.  SteveW | Talk 22:59, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep unless Delete Micronations is declared policy, or better reasons can be given. Delete Better reasons have been given. Septentrionalis 23:34, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * What reasons could be better than a lack of notability and doubts about it being a real micronation in the first place? Master Thief Garrett 01:26, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * An I failing to follow something? Whatis the difference between a real micronation and a fake micronation? Septentrionalis 04:56, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * One exists...and the other doesn't? As this seems to be the latter, delete. A Man In Black 10:26, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Micronation for the most part exist only on paper, on the Internet, or in the minds of their creators. The article cites micronations down to a "two-decade old political simulation with several dozen members" and '"a two-person kingdom "ruled" by "His Imperial Most Gracious, Glorious and Holy Majesty, King/Emperor Edgard II"'.

 * So I repeat: what's the line? Why does the "Kadan Kingdom" not "exist"? Septentrionalis 22:40, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. Non notable micronation. Sjakkalle 09:28, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Thank you; this is the sort of real argument I was looking for. Septentrionalis 22:40, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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The Song of the Earth

The Song of the Earth: A Natural History of Music is a BBC documentary presented by David Attenborough and written and directed by Grant Sonnex. It was first transmitted in 2000 and is part of the Attenborough in Paradise and Other Personal Voyages collection of 7 documentaries.

title: The Song of the Earth


text: User talk:68.52.184.255

title: User talk:68.52.184.255


text:
Michael Andrews

Michael Andrews may refer to:

 * Michael Andrews (artist) (1928–1995), British artist
 * Michael Andrews (boxer), Nigerian boxer
 * Michael Andrews (musician) (born 1967), American musician
 * Michael Andrews (rugby league) (born 1962), Australian rugby league footballer
 * Michael A. Andrews (born 1944), member of the United States House of Representatives in the 103rd United States Congress
 * Mike Andrews (born 1943), American baseball player
 * Mike Andrews (footballer) (born 1946), Australian rules football player for Fitzroy
 * Mickey Andrews (born 1942), American football coach
 * Michael Andrews (referee) (born 1956), Indian football referee

title: Michael Andrews


text: Talk:Michael Andrews

title: Talk:Michael Andrews


text:
Keyword stuffing

Keyword stuffing is a search engine optimization (SEO) technique, considered webspam or spamdexing, in which keywords are loaded into a web page's meta tags, visible content, or backlink anchor text in an attempt to gain an unfair rank advantage in search engines. Keyword stuffing may lead to a website being temporarily or permanently banned or penalized on major search engines. The repetition of words in meta tags may explain why many search engines no longer use these tags. Nowadays, search engines focus more on the content that is unique, comprehensive, relevant, and helpful that overall makes the quality better which makes keyword stuffing useless, but it is still practiced by many webmasters.

Many major search engines have implemented algorithms that recognize keyword stuffing, and reduce or eliminate any unfair search advantage that the tactic may have been intended to gain, and oftentimes they will also penalize, demote or remove websites from their indexes that implement keyword stuffing.

Changes and algorithms specifically intended to penalize or ban sites using keyword stuffing include the Google Florida update (November 2003) Google Panda (February 2011) Google Hummingbird (August 2013) and Bing's September 2014 update.

History
Keyword stuffing had been used in the past to obtain top search engine rankings and visibility for particular phrases. This method is outdated and adds no value to rankings today. In particular, Google no longer gives good rankings to pages employing this technique.

Hiding text from the visitor is done in many different ways. Text colored to blend with the background, CSS z-index positioning to place text underneath an image — and therefore out of view of the visitor — and CSS absolute positioning to have the text positioned far from the page center are all common techniques. By 2005, many invisible text techniques were easily detected by major search engines.

"Noscript" tags are another way to place hidden content within a page. While they are a valid optimization method for displaying an alternative representation of scripted content, they may be abused, since search engines may index content that is invisible to most visitors.

Sometimes inserted text includes words that are frequently searched (such as "sex"), even if those terms bear little connection to the content of a page, in order to attract traffic to advert-driven pages.

In the past, keyword stuffing was considered to be either a white hat or a black hat tactic, depending on the context of the technique, and the opinion of the person judging it. While a great deal of keyword stuffing was employed to aid in spamdexing, which is of little benefit to the user, keyword stuffing in certain circumstances was not intended to skew results in a deceptive manner. Whether the term carries a pejorative or neutral connotation is dependent on whether the practice is used to pollute the results with pages of little relevance, or to direct traffic to a page of relevance that would have otherwise been de-emphasized due to the search engine's inability to interpret and understand related ideas. This is no longer the case. Search engines now employ themed, related keyword techniques to interpret the intent of the content on a page.

In online journalism
Headlines in online news sites are increasingly packed with just the search-friendly keywords that identify the story. Traditional reporters and editors frown on the practice, but it is effective in optimizing news stories for search.

title: Keyword stuffing


text:
Don't Blow Your Top (song)

"Don't Blow Your Top" is a KMFDM song from the album of the same name. It was originally released as a 12" single in 1988. In 2008, KMFDM Records re-released it as a 7" vinyl single, limited to 250 copies. It was also included on the singles compilation album, Extra, Vol. 1.

title: Don't Blow Your Top (song)


text:
User talk:RODOLFO~enwiki

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Zzyzx11 | Talk 05:57, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Unspecified source for Image:Cazasoles.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Cazasoles.jpg. I notice the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you have not created this file yourself, then there needs to be a justification explaining why we have the right to use it on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you did not create the file yourself, then you need to specify where it was found, i.e., in most cases link to the website where it was taken from, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the file also doesn't have a copyright tag, then one should be added. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the GFDL-self tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media meets the criteria at Fair use, use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have specified their source and tagged them, too. You can find a list of files you have uploaded by following [ this link]. Unsourced and untagged images may be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Kavadi carrier 03:15, 9 November 2006 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called RODOLFO. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name RODOLFO~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 02:34, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 17:51, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:RODOLFO~enwiki


text:
Hogg's Hollow Bridge

Hoggs Hollow Bridge, originally known as the Yonge Boulevard Viaduct, is a set of four separate highway bridges that span the West Branch of the Don River Valley in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and carries 14 lanes of Highway 401. The four structures are the busiest multi-span bridge crossing in North America, surpassing the Brooklyn Bridge.

Description
The Hoggs Hollow Bridge has a 14-lane cross section: 6 collector lanes, 8 express lanes. The road surface and bridge decks require constant maintenance due to the wear and tear from high traffic volumes. Since 2001, an Ontario tall-wall concrete barrier has replaced the steel guide–rail in the median separating eastbound and westbound traffic. The late 1960s conventional truss lights have been replaced by high-mast lighting. Starting from 2002, the westbound collector lanes on the outer north bridge have also undergone rehabilitation (replacing road surface, guard rails and/or concrete barriers). The westbound collector traffic has been rehabilitated; the project included the north side outer bridge and the Yonge Street overpass. Additional high mast lighting was added in late 2009. From 2006 to 2008, the eastbound collector lanes were rebuilt and the reconstruction stretched from east of Avenue Road all the way to Bayview Avenue, encompassing the south side outer bridge and Yonge Street overpass. This did not include the on–ramp junction with Lord Seaton Road. The inner eastbound express lanes will be next on the reconstruction process. Once completed, the entire bridge will use the Ontario tall-wall barrier system.

Due to land constraints of the Valley and the need to accommodate the bridges, the adjacent interchange with Yonge Street is of a modified Parclo design instead of the typical Parclo A4 configuration used on most Ontario freeway junctions. The interchange is also one of the narrower points of Highway 401's collector-express system, not just because of the bridges but also because of the suburbs east of Yonge Street (which forced the province to expropriate land in order to expand that segment of Highway 401). Although there are a total of 14 lanes of traffic on the four bridges, there are only 12 through lanes that cross Yonge Street, as the off–ramps and on–ramps default onto the main lanes instead of being additional deceleration and acceleration lanes.

At the foot of the bridges is the Earl Bales Park and Ski Centre in the north and Don Valley Golf Course to the south, both owned by the City of Toronto. An access road branches off from the westbound on-ramp and travels downward to the valley below and ends in a cul-de-sac just south of the eastbound collector lanes. It is closed to regular vehicular traffic and used by Ontario Ministry of Transportation maintenance crews (and their contractors) as well as housing the Macdonald-Cartier Emergency Service building of the Toronto Transit Commission used for both emergency access to/from track level of the subway but also as an access point for maintenance crews.

The bridges can be clearly seen from Yonge Street looking northwest and north of York Mills Road and Wilson Avenue.

History
The inner under deck truss bridge was constructed beginning in early 1928, and opened on January 5, 1929, providing a much needed bypass of the deep ravine. It also provided a path between Wilson Avenue and York Mills Road. Wilson Avenue's eastern limit was just east of Yonge Boulevard (it was extended to meet York Mills at Yonge St. after 1972). The collector road merged traffic from both Avenue Road and Yonge Boulevard to the bridge to Yonge Street. The Toronto Bypass, today's Highway 401, was routed over the bridge (with an additional south truss bridge added) in December 1952.

The collector (outermost) spans are steel girder bridges, and were opened in December 1965 during the widening of Highway 401 to a collector-express system. The older inner bridge's balustrade railing was replaced with retaining walls (since replaced with tall walls). A conventional lighting system with truss-neck poles was added to the bridges (and the rest of the widened 401) around this time.

Bridge rehabilitation
Hoggs Hollow Bridge is situated on what is considered to be the most sensitive segment of Highway 401, averaging around 400,000 vehicles a day on weekdays. Given the importance of this segment of Highway 401 through the GTA, the Ministry of Transportation was particularly concerned with the development of construction staging plans and the mitigation of traffic during the rehabilitation of the Hoggs Hollow Bridge. "The impact of delays on passenger and commercial traffic resulting from construction activities on this section of highway were an important consideration," says Ron Klatt, Department Manager, Contract Administration Group with Morrison Hershfield Ltd., the engineering and management company that designed the project.

In 2008, Morrison Hershfield was retained by the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario (MTO) as the lead consultant for a Total Project Management (TPM) Detailed Design assignment for the rehabilitation of Highway 401 at Hoggs Hollow Bridge. This is deemed to be the most complex portion of the Ministry’s 401 Strategic Rehabilitation Program. Morrison Hershfield carried out the structural rehabilitation of a total of 12 structures including complete deck replacements at the Hoggs Hollow Bridge, rehabilitation of the pavement structure including concrete base repairs, and was responsible for extensive construction staging and traffic management over multiple construction seasons including provision for winter staging and construction shutdown.

The rehabilitation of Hoggs Hollow Bridge is estimated to be an $86-million construction project. Barricade Traffic Services Inc. were in charge of traffic control. The safety needs of the traveling public and workers within the construction zone were met, with minimal disruption to commuters and commercial carriers. Work on the Hoggs Hollow Bridge saw most of the lane closures required done at night to minimize congestion on Canada’s busiest section of highway. The impact of delays on traffic from construction activities on this section of the highway would have been significant if it was not for the detailed construction staging plans and the planned mitigation of traffic impacts that were in place prior to the beginning of the bridge rehabilitation.

The rehabilitation of Hoggs Hollow Bridge was completed in 2012 with transfer from collectors to express restored full access to all lanes in both directions.

title: Hogg's Hollow Bridge


text:
Gérard Genette

Gérard Genette (7 June 1930 – 11 May 2018) was a French literary theorist, associated in particular with the structuralist movement and with figures such as Roland Barthes and Claude Lévi-Strauss, from whom he adapted the concept of bricolage.

Life
Genette was born in Paris, where he studied at the Lycée Lakanal and the École Normale Supérieure, University of Paris.

After leaving the French Communist Party, Genette was a member of Socialisme ou Barbarie during 1957–8.

He received his professorship in French literature at the Sorbonne in 1967.

In 1970 with Hélène Cixous and Tzvetan Todorov he founded the journal Poétique and he edited a series of the same name for Éditions du Seuil.

Among other positions, Genette was research director at the École des hautes études en sciences sociales and a visiting professor at Yale University.

Work
Genette is largely responsible for the reintroduction of a rhetorical vocabulary into literary criticism, for example such terms as trope and metonymy. Additionally, his work on narrative, best known in English through the selection Narrative Discourse: An Essay in Method, has been of importance. His major work is the multi-part Figures series, of which Narrative Discourse is a section. His trilogy on textual transcendence, which has also been quite influential, is composed of Introduction à l'architexte (1979), Palimpsests: Literature in the Second Degree (1982), and ''Paratexts. Thresholds of Interpretation'' (1997).

His international influence is not as great as that of some others identified with structuralism, such as Roland Barthes and Claude Lévi-Strauss; his work is more often included in selections or discussed in secondary works than studied in its own right. Terms and techniques originating in his vocabulary and systems have, however, become widespread, such as the term paratext for prefaces, introductions, illustrations or other material accompanying the text, or hypotext for the sources of the text.

Important concepts in Genette's narratology
This outline of Genette's narratology is derived from Narrative Discourse: An Essay in Method. This book forms part of his multi-volume work Figures I-III. The examples used in it are mainly drawn from Proust's epic In Search of Lost Time.

Criticism

One criticism which had been used against previous forms of narratology was that they could deal only with simple stories, such as Vladimir Propp's work in Morphology of the Folk Tale. If narratology could cope with Proust, this could no longer be said.

Below are the five main concepts used by Genette in Narrative Discourse: An Essay in Method. They are primarily used to look at the syntax of narratives, rather than to perform an interpretation of them.

Order
Say a story is narrated as follows: the clues of a murder are discovered by a detective (event A); the circumstances of the murder are finally revealed (event B); and lastly the murderer is caught (event C).

Add corresponding numbers to the lettered events that represent their order chronologically: 1, 2, and 3.

If these events were described chronologically, they would run B1, A2, C3. Arranged in the text, however, they run A2 (discovery), B1 (flashback), C3 (resolution).

This accounts for the 'obvious' effects the reader will recognise, such as flashback. It also deals with the structure of narratives on a more systematic basis, accounting for flash-forward, simultaneity, as well as possible, if rarely used, effects. These disarrangements on the level of order are termed 'anachrony'.

Frequency
The separation between an event and its narration allows several possibilities.

 * An event can occur once and be narrated once (singular).
 * 'Today I went to the shop.'
 * An event can occur many times and be narrated once (iterative).
 * 'I used to go to the shop.'
 * An event can occur once and be narrated many times (repetitive).
 * 'Today I went to the shop' + 'Today he went to the shop' etc.
 * An event can occur many times and be narrated many times (multiple).
 * 'I used to go to the shop' + 'He used to go to the shop' + 'I went to the shop yesterday' etc.

Duration
The separation between an event and its narration means that there is discourse time and narrative time. These are the two main elements of duration.

 * "Five years passed", has a lengthy narrative time, five years, but a short discourse time (it only took a second to read).
 * James Joyce's novel Ulysses has a relatively short narrative time, twenty-four hours. Not many people, however, could read Ulysses in twenty-four hours.  Thus it is safe to say it has a lengthy discourse time.

Voice
Voice is concerned with who narrates, and from where. This can be split four ways.

 * Where the narration is from?
 * Intra-diegetic: inside the text. e.g. Wilkie Collins' The Woman in White
 * Extra-diegetic: outside the text. e.g. Thomas Hardy's Tess of the D'Urbervilles
 * Is the narrator a character in the story?
 * Hetero-diegetic: the narrator is not a character in the story. e.g. Homer's The Odyssey
 * Homo-diegetic: the narrator is a character in the story. e.g. Emily Brontë's Wuthering Heights

Mood
Genette said narrative mood is dependent on the 'distance' and 'perspective' of the narrator, and like music, narrative mood has predominant patterns. It is related to voice.

Distance of the narrator changes with:

 * Narrated speech- words and actions of characters are integrated into the narration.
 * Transposed speech- this could take an indirect style or a free indirect style. Indirect style involves words and actions of the character reported by the narrator in their own interpretation. Free indirect style involves words and actions of the character reported by the narrator without using a subordinate conjunction.

 * Reported speech- words of the character are cited verbatim by the narrator.

Perspective of the narrator is called focalization. Narratives can be non-focalized, internally focalized or externally focalized.

Decorations

 * Officer of the Order of Arts and Letters (2016)

Selected works

 * Figures I-III, 1967-70
 * Selections on narratology translated from Figures III:
 * Eleven selected essays translated from Figures I-III:
 * Mimologiques: voyage en Cratylie, 1976 (translated as Mimologics, 1995).
 * Introduction à l'architexte, 1979.
 * Palimpsestes: La littérature au second degré, 1982. (Palimpsests: literature in the second degree)
 * Nouveau discours du récit, 1983 (translated as Narrative Discourse Revisited, 1988).
 * Seuils, 1987. (translated as Paratexts. Thresholds of interpretation, 1997)
 * Fiction et diction, 1991.
 * L'Œuvre de l'art, 1: Immanence et transcendence, 1994.
 * L'Œuvre de l'art, 2: La relation esthétique, 1997.
 * Figures IV, 1999.
 * Figures V, 2002.
 * Métalepse: De la figure à la fiction, 2004.
 * Bardadrac, 2006.
 * Discours du récit, Paris, Le Seuil, 2007.
 * Codicille, Paris, Le Seuil, 2009.
 * Apostille, Paris, Le Seuil, 2012.
 * Épilogue, Paris, Le Seuil, 2014.
 * Postscript, Paris, Le Seuil, 2016.

title: Gérard Genette


text:
User talk:David Rudnick

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
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Zzyzx11 | Talk 05:58, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:David Rudnick


text:
Pay Day (1922 film)

Pay Day (1922) is an American short film made by First National Pictures. Charlie Chaplin wrote, directed, and starred in the film. It is Chaplin's final two-reel short film.

Plot
Chaplin plays a laborer on a house construction site. When he gets paid, his wife wants all the money, but he manages to keep enough of it to go out drinking. He returns home just in time to pretend he has just woken up to go to work.

Cast

 * Charlie Chaplin as Laborer
 * Phyllis Allen as Laborer's Wife
 * Mack Swain as Foreman
 * Edna Purviance as Foreman's Daughter
 * Syd Chaplin as Mustachioed Workman / Laborer's Friend / Lunch Cart Owner
 * John Rand as Workman
 * Loyal Underwood as Bearded Workman
 * Henry Bergman as Fat Workman
 * Al Ernest Garcia as Tall Workman

Reception
According to Chaplin biographer Jeffrey Vance, "Pay Day, is a delightful, polished work that was Chaplin’s last two-reel comedy." He notes that Monta Bell, a future director and producer, was engaged as a general assistant and helped Chaplin develop the film's scenario on paper prior to production. This made it possible for Chaplin to make Pay Day in 31 production days (a sharp contrast to the five months required to complete his previous two-reel comedy, The Idle Class).

title: Pay Day (1922 film)


text:
Talk:Richard Hamilton (basketball)

Untitled
This article has no citation of any kind and many points that could be disputed. Someone needs to clean this up and cite some of the subjective statements.

I agree, this is horrifically far from even a reasonable level of credibility or standard of quality.

Mask
Doesn't he just wear it since it became his symbol? I don't believe he needs it anymore since he has fully recovered. Xe7al (talk) 04:05, 1 May 2008 (UTC)

Again, the mask
I don't have the information at hand to provide citations but among most who watch basketball it is common knowledge that he doesn't wear the mask to prevent further injury, rather he wears it as a superstition. Yes, at first it was because of repeated nose fractures, but now it is because he played so well with it and because it's part of his public image. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Ljn2024 (talk • contribs) 02:04, 29 May 2008 (UTC)

The source cited in the section about the mask says:

"Having suffered a fractured nose in the 2003 - 2004 season, Hamilton suffered yet another in late February, which led to nasal reconstructive surgery. To have any hope of remaining on the active roster for the NBA playoffs, with protection from further injury, he had to wear a protective mask, which he still needs to play without fear of further damage to his nose. His nose has been said to lack cartilage due to all the damage it has received. Another blow to his nose might force him to quit playing."

Clearly, something was lost in translation when that source was used. And since the source is his official website, I doubt it's incorrect. I'm taking the liberty of altering the article to match the source. 24.252.244.186 (talk) 21:15, 2 September 2009 (UTC)

How much does he get for his labour?
Well, that's what I wonder. Never seen him play tho' —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.45.132.204 (talk) 01:24, 10 July 2008 (UTC)

Richard Hamilton is the best basketball in the universe. He took his basketball team in the connecticut to the NCAA championship and they won. Also lead his Detriot Pistons to a championship in the early 2000's.He is the best. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.99.191.234 (talk) 19:47, 16 September 2008 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Richard Hamilton which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 00:01, 21 April 2019 (UTC)

Personal Life section being mostly an interview about Michael Jordan
I’m all about it long and in-depth Wikipedia articles, but does the personal life section here being mostly about Michael Jordan playing with Hamilton during his relatively short Washington tenure seem somewhat awkward? I concede it seems that Jordan certainly impacted Hamilton for the year they played together AND that Jordan is a very notable sports figure, but I’m not sure this quote and heavy.com interview are notable enough to be included on this page. For instance, Jordan was teammates with many players, as was Kobe, as well as Magic Johnson, as was Kareem, etc., that does not necessarily mean that players they impacted should have lengthy quotes in their own personal life sections in their Wikipedia pages about previously-stated role model players. I guess I would add that Hamilton was a multiple time All-Star and famous enough player in his own right, which I think one could say makes it feel even more out of place to have half of his personal life is about a teammate of his. Thanks for any responses, in advance. La rodman (talk) 00:51, 4 May 2022 (UTC)
 * The relevant policy would be WP:PROPORTIONAL, whether his relationship with Jordan is well oft-mentioned.—Bagumba (talk) 03:11, 4 May 2022 (UTC)

Requested move 10 December 2023

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: not moved. (non-admin closure) Mattdaviesfsic (talk) 22:35, 28 December 2023 (UTC)

Richard Hamilton (basketball) → Rip Hamilton – WP:COMMONNAME  RM X Y  (talk • contribs) 08:37, 10 December 2023 (UTC) — Relisting. -- Maddy from Celeste (WAVEDASH) 10:12, 18 December 2023 (UTC) The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
 * Preliminary support. He appears to be best known as Rip, not Richard.  O.N.R.  (talk) 09:33, 10 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Comment Lots of hits for "Richard Hamilton" the basketball player, so I'm not sure COMMONNAME is valid. Also see his basketball-reference.com and NBA.com profiles that use "Richard Hamilton".  However, WP:NATDIS could apply:  as an alternative to the usual parenthetical disambiguation: —Bagumba (talk) 15:32, 10 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Oppose He was always listed as “Richard” (same as the profiles linked above) and most reporting was the same. “Rip” was his common nickname, but not ubiquitous like Magic Johnson. This feels like it’s driven from trying to give the page a non-DAB name, but honestly that should not happen if we are moving away from commonname. Rikster2 (talk) 21:48, 11 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Support. Seems like a case of WP:NATDIS to me.  Arbitrarily0   ( talk ) 14:41, 17 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Oppose While he's often called "Rip", he's called "Richard" a bit more often, so erring on the side of the more formal name being more encyclopedic. There's actually no policy that natural disambiguation trumps parenthetical. For people's names, given that the article will mostly refer to him as "Hamilton" per MOS:SURNAME, and the lead sentence will still remain "Richard Clay 'Rip' Hamilton", titling the page "Rip Hamilton" would give the undue impression that it's his most common name. This is in contrast to non-person subjects, where the body could still use the more common term, even if the title uses a less-common natural disambiguation term.—Bagumba (talk) 16:48, 27 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Oppose. For Richard "Rip" Hamilton, "Rip" is widely understood as being just a nickname while Richard remains common and recognizable. I'd distinguish this from a case like Bam Adebayo where "Bam" is technically also "just" a nickname, but other names are overwhelmingly less recognizable, and even dry reference works list him as Bam. I think Rip, unlike Bam or Smush Parker or Magic Johnson, never clearly became the common name. Adumbrativus (talk) 09:18, 28 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Richard Hamilton (basketball)


text:
User talk:Erikwithaknotac

(Sorry, I guess nobody has sent you a welcome message yet, so here it is:)

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Zzyzx11 | Talk 05:59, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:M40-nbc.gif
Thanks for uploading Image:M40-nbc.gif. I notice the image page currently doesn't specify who created the image, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created the image yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the image on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the image yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the image also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture then you can use GFDL to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the image qualifies as fair use, please read fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other images, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of image pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Matt 14:09, 28 January 2006 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:DSC 0054.JPG
Thanks for uploading Image:DSC 0054.JPG. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then you can use GFDL-self to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, please read fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Rossrs 23:24, 10 March 2006 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Michael Enright (film student)
A tag has been placed on Michael Enright (film student) requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about a person or group of people, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is important or significant: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, such articles may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable, as well as our subject-specific notability guideline for biographies. You may also wish to consider using a Wizard to help you create articles – see the Article Wizard.

If you think that this notice was placed here in error, you may contest the deletion by adding  to the top of the page that has been nominated for deletion (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag - if no such tag exists then the page is no longer a speedy delete candidate and adding a hangon tag is unnecessary), coupled with adding a note on the talk page explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the page meets the criterion, it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the page that would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Lastly, please note that if the page does get deleted, you can contact one of these admins to request that they userfy the page or have a copy emailed to you. Thorncrag   00:15, 27 August 2010 (UTC)

title: User talk:Erikwithaknotac