text:
Gbarpolu County

Gbarpolu is a county in the northern portion of Liberia. One of 15 counties that comprise the first-level of administrative division in the nation, it has six districts. Bopulu serves as the capital with the area of the county measuring 3741 mi2. As of the 2008 Census, it had a population of 83,758, making it the eleventh-most populous county in Liberia.

Created in 2001 when it was split from Lofa County, Gbarpolu is the youngest county in Liberia. , the County Superintendent was Allen Gbowee.

The county is bordered by Grand Cape Mount County to the west, Bomi County to the southwest, Bong County to the south, and Lofa County to the east and north. The northwest part of Gbarpolu borders the nation of Sierra Leone. The Gola Forest straddles this border and is home to the Gola Forest community.

The majority of Gbarpolu County consists of forests. Mining was the primary economic activity prior to the Liberian Civil War, in addition to subsistence farming. However, the war devastated all sectors of the county.

Gbarpolu County also produces timber and coal.

The county flag features a diamond, a tree, and the flag of Liberia on a yellow background.

Districts
The districts of Gbarpolu County, with their 2008 populations, include:
 * Belleh District (17,288)
 * Bokomu District (10,460)
 * Bopolu District (18,298)
 * Gbarma District (15,972)
 * Gounwolaila District (8,115)
 * Kongba District (13,625)

Gola Forest community
The Gola Forest straddles the border between Liberia and Sierra Leone and is home to diverse species of importance to the country. In Sierra Leone, the forest is incorporated into the Gola National Forest, and because of the unity of the forest with Liberia, considerations of conservation must consider a collaborative management with Liberian inhabitants as well.

Within the Liberian portion of the forest reside four clans: the Sorkpo Clan in Porkpa District, the Tonglay and Zuie clans within Kongba District, and the Jawijah Chiefdom. There are 24 villages within the Liberian portion of the forest, most of which are accessible by road, but several are accessible only by footpath. Residents of these remote villages use footpaths to bring their commodities and services to the other towns with motor roads.

Leadership within the community is purely by traditional authorities, but centers of such authority are very few in relation to the number of temporary mining camps. The landlord-stranger system is the main means to regulate the activities of migrants to the forest (mainly miners), but the system is currently weak due to the town being distant and limited roads, transportation, and communications. Some chiefs are not correctly installed or properly elected and therefore lack authority amongst disgruntled illegal miners.

Most of the original Gola inhabitants became refugees during the First Liberian Civil War and were slow to return and reassert control of their villages. The war had lasted for over fourteen years, a time too long for people who have had several relocations to return to their former communities. With the coming of the Western Cluster in the community, many of the people are expected to return to their original communities, as many could begin finding employment. Others will have time to begin other agricultural activities that might contribute to the loss of biological diversity.

title: Gbarpolu County


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I Married a Princess

I Married a Princess is a 2005 reality show on the Lifetime TV network that starred Catherine Oxenberg and her husband Casper Van Dien. The show's slogan is "under the tiara and behind the shades - a real life look at a fairy-tale family." The show's core conceit is technically false: although Oxenberg is descended from Serbian royalty and she is technically in the line of succession to several extant titles, she holds no royal or noble rank herself and is not considered a princess by any government.

Characters

 * Catherine Oxenberg
 * Casper Van Dien
 * India Oxenberg, Catherine's daughter
 * Cappy Van Dien, Casper's son
 * Grace Van Dien, Casper's daughter
 * Maya Van Dien, daughter of Catherine and Casper
 * Celeste Alma Van Dien, daughter of Catherine and Casper

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: I Married a Princess


text:
User:Potter System

Hello from Chile! / Hola!

Se habla español: Potter_System

title: User:Potter System


text:
Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/Log embedded in tree

Log Embedded in tree
Quite a fascinating image I thought. This log is securely embeddded in the white box, it could support my weight without any movement. This is also the fist series of images I have uploaded to Wikipedia with my new Canon 20D. --Fir0002 22:37, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Oppose I see nothing startling or educational in these imagesDuncan.france 00:20, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Support 01. Self Nom. --Fir0002 22:37, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Support the first version, it provides more global view and has better light conditions. Nice unusual picture! --Bricktop 23:24, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Support first version. Unusual subject. First image has best light conditions and composition. Mgm|(talk) 08:41, Apr 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Jonas Olson 14:48, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose What does this pic add to the article ? Ericd 16:51, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. And just what article are we talking about ? Sandover 19:39, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Thats a bit of a problem. I put that question to the reference desk and although people thought that if we could find out what the term for a foreign body inside something (such as shrapnel inside someone's body) that would be a good place. But the best temporary location was to put it onto the Australian Flora page - both the log and the tree are white box. --Fir0002 22:25, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Support - fascinating pic - Adrian Pingstone 15:23, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose unless the pic can be added to an actually related article. Circeus 16:18, Apr 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Really, how can this add to anything? Enochlau 23:55, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Support It could add alot to pages discussing the damaging effects of wind or of tornadoes or something along those lines. TomStar81 07:19, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * User:Solipsist suggested that, but I don't think this was as a result of a tornado, as we don't get them where I live (which is near where this photo was taken) --Fir0002 10:20, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Well actually, I suggested it couldn't be a result of a tornado (although that was my first thought) - the dead branch has small side branches which would have been ripped off if the log had been driven through the tree. I suspect the dead branch lodged in the fork and the other tree grew round it. It is a shame the question on the reference desk didn't illicit a better answer, but it seems there may not be a term for this effect. My best guess is still inclusion (biology), although I'm not sure that is a term that is actually used, and we don't really have a page on it. Its an excellent picture, but I'm not sure it has found its natural home yet. -- Solipsist 15:56, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure if the page and the pic are apropriate for one another, but you might consider placing it in the article Natural phenomenon. If this was the result of a tornado or microburst, or something along those lines then you can sight the picture as evidence of the damaging effect of winds, but if the tree branch was already there and the tree simply grew around it then you could sight this as an example of nature phenomenom. Its a long stretch, but I figure a long stretch is better than nothing :-) TomStar81 05:41, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. The log looks like it was cut with a saw, and may have been placed there on purpose.  Does not do a great job of illustrating any article. --Andrew 10:37, Apr 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * Um, I dont think so. I can see no reason whatsoever for a tired logger of cutting a log and sitting it in the fork of a tree trunk to produce a biological curiosity which he'd probably never see happen. It was obviously cut back for either a post when the fenceline went through our property (ages ago) or it was cut as firewood. --Fir0002 08:41, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * BrokenSegue 14:40, 7 May 2005 (UTC)


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Ey Reqîb

"Ey Reqîb" (ئەی ڕەقیب, ) is the Kurdish national anthem and the official anthem of the autonomous Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The poem was written in 1938 by Dildar in Sorani.

History
It was written by the Kurdish poet and political activist Dildar in 1938 while he was in jail. "Ey Reqîb" means "Oh, enemy!" and refers to the guards in the prison in which Dildar was held and tortured but also to the broader oppression of Kurds.

In 1946, the poem was adopted as the national anthem of the Republic of Mahabad, a short-lived Kurdish republic in Iran that lasted for a year. "Ey Reqîb" has been adopted as the national anthem of Kurdistan Region, and it is also used by Kurdistan Workers' Party.

Zazakî
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title: Ey Reqîb


text:
Talk:Alcoa

John D. Harper?
Should the paragraph about this guy be turned into it's own article. The information about his other activities and board memberships seems to be out of place in this Alcoa article.

Is there a "lower limit" to who deserves their own article? And if he doesn't pass that test, should the non-Alcoa information just be deleted? — Preceding unsigned comment added by XKL (talk • contribs) 18:57, 4 February 2021 (UTC)
 * I was surprised to see the paragraph about him, also. Especially since there was no mention of Arthur Vining Davis. I think he is notable enough to have his own article, but decided to leave it in until that article is written. Mgrē@sŏn  ( Talk ) 17:10, 26 March 2023 (UTC)

Critisms of alcoa
Environme tal record of alcoa.how it hold government to random by threatening to close plants if they do not agree with subsidies 2A02:C7F:6211:A400:88A7:3795:D0B4:63BC (talk) 23:39, 13 June 2022 (UTC)

Alcoa Pilot (ship)
Jack Kerouac mentions a "US Alcoa Pilot" freighter in his book, "Vanity of Duluoz". 68.193.141.193 (talk) 23:32, 9 February 2024 (UTC)corpho

Some sources
https://thereader.mitpress.mit.edu/the-uneasy-alliance-between-aluminum-and-warfare/ has more good stuff in it. "From Monopoly to Competition: The Transformations of Alcoa, 1888–1986" (ISBN 978-0521352611) looks like a great specific source, though it appears to be out of print. If anyone can find a copy at their library or used book seller, that'd be great, as Amazon wanted an arm and a leg for a copy. CaptainEek Edits Ho Cap'n!⚓ 02:47, 23 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Alcoa


text:
File:MateuszzicaMsn.jpg

my picture for my User page

mateus zica

title: File:MateuszzicaMsn.jpg


text:
Pope Clement

There have been fourteen popes named Clement.

 * Pope Clement I saint, (88–98)
 * Pope Clement II (1046–1047)
 * Pope Clement III (1187–1191)
 * Pope Clement IV (1265–1268)
 * Pope Clement V (1305–1314)
 * Pope Clement VI (1342–1352)
 * Pope Clement VII (1523–1534)
 * Pope Clement VIII (1592–1605)
 * Pope Clement IX (1667–1669)
 * Pope Clement X (1670–1676)
 * Pope Clement XI (1700–1721)
 * Pope Clement XII (1730–1740)
 * Pope Clement XIII (1758–1769)
 * Pope Clement XIV (1769–1774)

There have also been three antipopes named Clement.

 * Antipope Clement III (1080–1085)
 * Antipope Clement VII (1378–1394)
 * Antipope Clement VIII (1423–1429)

title: Pope Clement


text:
Talk:Celery

Agropyro-rumicion-plant
Does anyone know what this means? It would be great if there was some explanation because a quick google didn't turn up anything immediately obvious. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 185.172.189.88 (talk) 16:56, 21 July 2023 (UTC)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Msolway.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 17:02, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

USES
removed the following since it's not true. Celery is not commonly available in India however celery seeds are. They are seldom used in curries but cumin seeds are widely used. , and is an important ingredient in Indian cuisines, including Indian Curry.

NITRATES
Some info on celery and nitrates would be interesting.. I am seeing "nitrate free" ham, pastrami, etc in places like Trader Joe's, but it says "except for the naturally ocurring nitrates in celery juice" —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.160.217.128 (talk) 09:31, 6 January 2010 (UTC)

Celery is loaded with Sedatives?
Any truth to this article here: ? It states that celery is 'loaded with sedatives' which I've never heard before. Can anyone verify? --Stvfetterly (talk) 20:40, 17 December 2008 (UTC)

Contradictory information = vandalism?
The following sentence: "In an episode of Food Detectives they proved that celery does have "negative calories", but not effective for weight loss (nor healthy)." But the cited article claims the EXACT opposite! This could be the anti-celery diet brigade at work. I am changing the sentence to: "In an episode of Food Detectives they proved that celery does not have "negative calories", but states that one would lose weight if one only consumed celery." --HillbillyProfane (talk) 04:10, 10 October 2008 (UTC)

Old discussions
hey it looks like there's also some vandalism in the "nutrituion" section who has a beef with celery-Dougmwpsu —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.62.101.131 (talk) 17:19, 27 February 2008 (UTC)

There's some vandalism in the "cultivation and uses" section. I think there's an unvandalized version four edits ago but I don't know how to revert pages.
 * It appears that someone else cleaned it up, already. --Mdwyer 06:16, 21 September 2006 (UTC)

Pseudo-science witch remedies enunciated as fact. Not to mention the appalling, rambling sentence structures. Any objections to my rewriting this?
 * Umm, go ahead ZPS102 23:05, 13 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Also, anyone know how to make old, limp celery crispy again?
 * Submerge it in ice water for several minutes. --Mdwyer 04:33, 6 March 2006 (UTC)

Numbing of Tongue and Mouth
I did some research (much of which was on Yahoo Answers) about a condition I experience when eating celery. My mouth and tongue become numbed, like I sucked on a cough drop, but to a far lesser degree. Seems many other people also experience this. It's nothing that could be explained as negative, if anything it's a positive experience. I don't know where to place this on the Wiki page though, as I'm not fully convinced it's an allergic reaction. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 207.138.192.41 (talk) 02:52, 2 May 2008 (UTC)

Negative Calories
I've read that celery contains negative calories. Is there any truth to that statement? Craig Sniffen 07:47, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Semi, it just means that your burn more calories eating it than celery has. alfrin 05:30, July 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Can I get any verification on the subject? I'm not sure if it's any more than an urban myth. Craig Sniffen 17:13, 25 October 2005 (UTC)
 * According to Snopes it's true, not because celery has any particular lack of calories but because the human digestive system is unable to break down cellulose in the plant Graphia 08:50, 9 November 2005 (UTC)
 * It took almost half a year but it was worth it. I can't believe I never checked Snopes. >_< I'm adding it to the article just in case some other crazy person needs to find the answer and doesn't check the talk page. EDIT: Opps, it was already there. I moved it to under food, as that's more intuitive and the section looked kind of odd anyways with such a short first paragraph. Craig Sniffen 23:38, 10 November 2005 (UTC)
 * It fits better there than in trivia. Anonymous
 * I'm not sure "Snopes believes this to be true" sounds very encyclopedic. Snopes is, after all, not a primary source.  --Rob* (talk) 00:56, 14 May 2008 (UTC)
 * According to this page, [] the 'negative calorie' thing is a myth Anonymous
 * Actually, I read that page as saying that the effect would be negligable either way, so it doesn't matter if it is a myth or not. The article doesn't actually prove or disprove anything.
 * BozMo removed the negative calorie myth from the Food Uses section. I have put it back, edited, under Trivia.  Personally, I think we need to fight mythology with facts -- not with deletion.  The fact that it is talked about so much HERE suggests that it is a question that many people have, and it would be good to have it answered. --Mdwyer 19:37, 23 May 2006 (UTC)

It's all well and nice that celery is considered part of the Negative Calorie diet, but the diet is represented on Wikipedia as being criticized based on unsound science. Either way, it's certainly not completely accepted. Beyond that, celery's probably also part of any diet you could get from Jenny Craig, but that's not represented here, and Jenny Craig's much more well known, I'm sure. Seems like an irrelevant factoid, so I took it out. .216.175.188.98 21:19, 20 March 2007 (UTC)

School Experiments
Should this be included in the main article?
 * Celery is ideal for an experiment showing how vascular plants transport water. The bottom of the stalk is split, and placed in two separate dishes of water to which different food colorings have been added to.  The colors can be seen to rise up the xylem of the plant and eventually reach the leaves.  --Mdwyer 04:33, 6 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes 71.199.123.24 07:11, 17 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Oh, good. Now did I get it right?  It has been a few years since my botany courses... --Mdwyer 02:22, 22 May 2006 (UTC)

What's "baked potato cuisine"?
The first subsection begins: Celery is a very popular vegetable used primarily in baked potato cuisine, using a variety known as Chinese celery or Oriental celery, with thinner stalks and a stronger flavor; it is rarely consumed raw, but is often added to soups and stir-fries.

I've never heard of bake potato cuisine, and in the UK at least, celery is almost always eaten raw, alongside cheese or as the "stirrer" in a Bloody Mary. If you recall the 5th Doctor Who, he has stick of celery pinned to his coat, and that's normally how its served here, as stems, sometimes with the stringy bits scraped off. Cheers, Neale Neale Monks 17:55, 5 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Damn good question. The western US doesn't have a baked potato cuisine, either.  We wouldn't put celery on a baked potato, generally, though it probably would be added to a potato soup.  The article describes a cuisine using a different breed of celery.  Perhaps it is a translation error?  I was going to remove it, but on second reading, it might actually belong there...  Sorry.  Can't help on this one. --Mdwyer 04:08, 6 June 2006 (UTC)

 * A Google search for "baked potato cuisine" reveals a mere two usages, one this article, and the other only as part of the phrase "beef and baked potato cuisine". Surely we can remove this mysterious phrase and replace it with something a little more ubiquitous? Neale Monks 16:18, 9 June 2006 (UTC)

 * It would be nice if the original author could defend it. I'm going to rework that line, but I fear I might Americanize it a little.  Editing would be greatly appreciated.  I removed the baked potato part, and moved the rest of that block down under the Food Uses section. --Mdwyer 19:00, 13 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Come on guys... isn't it obvious? "Potato cuisine" is what potatoes cook and eat when they're hungry --Energman 22:50, 5 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Ah, so baked potato cuisine is what potatoes eat when they're baked. Mysterious Whisper (SHOUT)  19:15, 5 September 2012 (UTC)

How is 3 mg of Vitamin C 5% of 100g?
The nutritional information regarding this makes little sense. Also, why is there a percentage for Vitamin C at all and not the other components?

 * My guess would be that percentages are given for things which have a %RDA. So, 3mg of vitamin C would be 5% of the 60mg RDA set by some arbitrary country's health people, probably the country of whomever wrote that block. Just a guess. DewiMorgan 16:24, 18 May 2007 (UTC)

Wonderpets reference
In the wonderpets one of the characters always says things like "celery tastes great after a good pee!"... somehow I think that might not be a suitable reference to put under a "references in popular culture" section.

Celery helps in reducing Blood pressure?
Celery in-take in juice form may help in this regard, as celery juice has a special kind of chemical compound called 3-n-butylphthalide, which helps in controlling high blood pressure. Continuous use of it is required in order to control the blood pressure for a longer period. You can regard celery juice as one of the easy remedies one go for blood pressure controlling.

No patent on celery seed
Reference to a so-called "world patent," which was actually a published application under the Patent Cooperation Treaty, not a patent, has been deleted since the patent was not pursued in most countries and lapsed in 2004. 83.78.21.71 22:39, 30 July 2007 (UTC)

Types of celery
Does anyone know the difference in the types of celery at the grocery store? I saw one bundled in red and one bundled in blue bands. One type was less expensive as well. grizzlehizzle 08:32, 22 October 2007 (UTC)

Nutrition
Celery proven to be rich in minerals, vitamins, low in calories and extremely hydrating, many times more than city water and a bit more than spring water due to its quality water packed with minerals. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.122.82.156 (talk) 18:28, 27 January 2008 (UTC)

Unembedded text
The following references aren't attached to any parts of the article, mixing the footnotes and references is messy, so I'm pasting them here. WLU (talk) 22:40, 4 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Celery First Used as a Medicine, from a Texas A&M University website
 * Harper, Douglas (2001). Etymology of celery. Retrieved 2005 5 January.
 * Shadick NA, Liang MH, Partridge AJ, et al. The natural history of exercise-induced anaphylaxis: survey results from a 10-year follow-up study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;104(1):123-7

Celery Root
Has anyone ever eaten the root of a celery? It tastes just like celery, but looks like a big fat ugly Sugar beet. They don't sell the stalks in Austria at all, only the root - it's weird... (Please answer on my talk page).--andreasegde (talk) 22:07, 17 March 2008 (UTC)

Please undo split
Please undo the page split pending discussion and consensus for such. Badagnani (talk) 05:18, 15 April 2008 (UTC)
 * The discussion has already been had, and there is long-standing consensus to distinguish between plant product and plant taxon, but that didn't stop you reverting my efforts, without yourself bothering to seek discussion and consensus for such. Hesperian 06:09, 15 April 2008 (UTC)

No, there was no discussion here. There was no necessity nor consensus demonstrated among editors specializing in celery-related topics for such a split. Badagnani (talk) 06:15, 15 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Oh, very funny. "Editors specializing in celery-related topics". How do you say that with a straight face? Hesperian 06:16, 15 April 2008 (UTC)

Split
I propose to split this article into distinct articles on the plant species  Apuim Apium graveolens and the vegetable celery. This is in line with long-established convention grounded in consensus, that, for plant products of significance, the combination of plant taxon and plant product is too broad a topic to be covered in a single article.

Actually I already made the split, and was summarily reverted by someone who doesn't like the convention, and therefore refused to permit its application.

The rationale for splitting is as follows:

Apium graveolens is a species of plant. It has certain physical properties such as a growth habit, a stem shape, a leaf shape, a flower form, shape and colour. It has a life cycle, and a flower phenology. It has a natural distribution and a naturalised distribution. It has a taxonomy, a taxonomic history, and phylogenetic relationships with other plant taxa. It has a preferred habitat, such as soil type, soil moisture, and nutrition. It is pollinated by specific insects, and suffers from specific diseases. And finally, it produces certain plant products that are used by humans, namely celery, celeriac, celery seed, and celery oil.

Very little of the information listed above has anything much to do with celery the vegetable. The scope of an article on Apium graveolens far exceeds the scope of an article about celery the vegetable. Yet celery the vegetable has its own characteristics that have little to do with Apium graveolens. Culinary significance, for example. Nutritional information. Economics. The production lifecycle, including cultivation, harvesting, post-harvest treatment, transportation, marketing.

Furthermore, celery is not the only plant product of the plant species Apium graveolens. The root is eaten as celeriac, which already has a separate article, and celery seed is also consumed. Under these circumstances, it makes very little sense to bolt Apium graveolens to the side of this article.

Hesperian 07:20, 15 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Don't you mean Apium rather than Apuim? Badagnani (talk) 07:22, 15 April 2008 (UTC)

 * I fail to see the necessity for splitting an article, when users will expect to come to Celery to find information about the plant, how it grows and is harvested, and how it is used in various ways. Celeriac is a specific variety and a separate article is fine, but the article does not seem overly long enough to warrant such a confusing split into food and non-food uses of the same stalk. The same goes for Peach or Banana. Badagnani (talk) 07:27, 15 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Split it. It does not make sense to not split it. -- carol (talk) 10:49, 15 April 2008 (UTC)
 * And more, what the heck is the allergin and what reason does it not have its own article? The science, the growing of and the usage of are all different ways of looking at things and the software which is wiki allows them to all be separate yet linked for those who are interested or need to know.  It is an advancement when compared to paper and books (pdf has hyperlinks but what a pain!); not all advancements are easily grokked by everyone involved, I understand this and sympathize, yet still think that it is silly and backwards not to split the article into its useful chunks. Or perhaps there are occasional splits and reversions because old buddies like to go to war here?  Either way, please get on with it.... -- carol (talk) 11:08, 15 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Strong oppose - No logical reason to split a discrete article about a discrete plant/food. The food section is not so big to create confusion for our users by splitting the article into two for no good reason. Badagnani (talk) 17:22, 15 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Oppose. Since both the botanic and culinary uses are valid topics under the title "celery", there's no prima facie cause for a split. The article is still short in both contexts, so there is no reason to split on organizational grounds either. In general, I don't think the mentality of "if you build it, they will come" works for the wiki. Let's see the content first, and split when there's good reason to. Ham Pastrami (talk) 20:04, 15 April 2008 (UTC)
 * eh compare this search with this one and the common name Wild Celery doesn't seem to appear in the article. I had a recent situation where I was looking to see if a species was even mentioned at a genus article.  The genus article almost did not exist because all of the information was mushed together with stuff about one particular species which was being the point of the article.  It is kind of interesting how things are being re-evaluated as their DNA gets looked at; more interesting than I thought it would be at least.  Even Pliny the elder kept his information about things in different places and it makes for a much better read.

 * Oppose Encyclopedias are sopposed to be multi-disciplinary, so splitting articles in this fashion serves no purpose other than to create POV-forks. The only situation where we should create a separate article for the food is when the article reaches an unmanageable size, which is nowhere near a mere 13.5k. If the article reaches a truly hefty size (at least 50k+) there should still be a main article that covers all relevant encyclopedic aspects of the plant, if only in summarized form. Peter Isotalo 14:48, 16 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Comment - Please see Custard-apple and Annona reticulata, both about the same plant, and split into two separate articles without consensus. Badagnani (talk) 19:25, 16 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Custard-apple is not an article about a plant. Hesperian 00:03, 17 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Comment - Only because it was split a few days ago, with no discussion nor consensus. Like banana or peach, the term refers to both the plant and the fruit, and should be a single article rather than two. Badagnani (talk) 00:11, 17 April 2008 (UTC)
 * We write articles on things, not terms... unless you think that Orange (colour) and Orange (fruit) should be merged, because "the term refers to both the fruit and the colour, and should be a single article rather than two." Hesperian 00:14, 17 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Comment - I won't address whether I believe the color orange and the fruit/tree called orange should have separate articles, because this seems like a rhetorical argument; I don't think any WP editor would argue for such a thing. However, a plant and its fruit should be discussed in the same article, such as Peach or Banana, unless that article has grown so long that some form of split seems necessary. In that instance, discussion and consensus would need to be built at that article pending such a split. Badagnani (talk) 00:17, 17 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Yes, I know you think that, but you haven't put forward any argument in defense of that view, except for one so deeply flawed that it leads inevitably to a conclusion that "I don't think any WP editor would argue for". Hesperian 00:26, 17 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Comment - You aren't required to agree with me, and you can call it "deeply flawed" if you wish; WP is a salad bowl of opinions. However, to claim that I haven't put forward any argument (I have) is inaccurate and should be withdrawn. I agree with what Peter Isotalo said, whose comment, which is as follows, is perhaps phrased more eloquently than my own statements:

Badagnani (talk) 00:32, 17 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Split one day

A time will come when we should split it, when we really have a lot of info on the plant as a species, rather than the food, which is quite a familiar split. However, the article is not so long as to need it, yet.

IceDragon64 (talk) 22:43, 12 September 2012 (UTC)

What is celery?
Is celery a root, stem, flower, or a leaf??

 * Yes. It is also a seed. Flowering plants usually have all of these. Badagnani (talk) 06:28, 17 December 2008 (UTC)

Peanut butter
Peanut butter was just removed. However, celery sticks are often eaten raw with peanut butter. Badagnani (talk) 06:20, 17 December 2008 (UTC)

Wrong picture
The second picture is one of cilantro. Please, change. SvinayaGolova (talk) 08:21, 5 April 2009 (UTC)

 * Changing right now. Thank you! Msolway (talk) 02:19, 3 April 2017 (UTC)

Multiple [Edit] links?
What's with the multiple [Edit] links embedded within page sections? They point to different, though consecutive section numbers. Gonna have to go read up on how this happens. rowley (talk) 23:00, 27 December 2009 (UTC)

 * Here y'go: How_to_fix_bunched-up_edit_links. Have at it! TIA, Pete Tillman (talk) 02:20, 28 December 2009 (UTC)

marketed in tight bunches
The article does a very poor job of describing typical commercial growth habits and marketing of the stalks. In the US typical commercial celery grows in tight straight parallel stalk bunches, and is marketed fresh that way, without root and just a little green leaf left attached, but in a bunch. The article needs a picture of typical supermarket celery. Also, the base of the inner bunch of stalks is commonly marketed as "celery hearts". -71.174.180.139 (talk) 13:46, 5 June 2010 (UTC)

It does not decrease BP (blood pressure), but it may increase it!
You write that celery decreases BP (blood pressure), but contrary, it may increase it, as it contains high sodium - as you can see at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_sodium_diet I did not find any lowering pressure properties on pubmed & Cochrane. 688dim (talk) 10:34, 2 March 2011 (UTC)

Celery may also treat gout!
Celery is a diuretic and may also treat gout! See http://www.best-gout-remedies.com/celerycuresgout.html 688dim (talk) 11:03, 2 March 2011 (UTC)

Doesn't celery contain oxalates? A6Boyd (talk) 22:25, 23 July 2022 (UTC)

You can eat the leaves
Although in most places people cut away the leaves, I cook with the strong tasting leaves, chopping them small as a herb, usually in soups. However, I can't find a proper ref for it.

IceDragon64 (talk) 22:37, 12 September 2012 (UTC)

Chinese Celery
Chinese celery redirects to this article, but there is no mention of it.

It appears to be used only in cooking, be smaller, stronger flavor, have a wider variety of colors, and have slightly differently formed stems and leaves. Also, it seems to have been cultivated there, first.

There needs to be a section on Chinese celery. And the history section needs revision. Anyone good at reliable sources for foodstuff? Jd2718 (talk) 21:40, 18 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Apparently, it is considered a different variety of the same species, USDA GRIN has a summary. Perhaps it should have its own page like celeriac (GRIN entry for celeriac). Would you like to work on that? Sminthopsis84 (talk) 12:46, 19 September 2012 (UTC)
 * I'll try a new page. Thanks for the link. Jd2718 (talk) 01:33, 20 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Excellent, looking forward to seeing the result. Sminthopsis84 (talk) 19:32, 20 September 2012 (UTC)

British English
I've added the British English template, after seeing some editing to change to US English. This page has a history of using British English, since it started out as a copy of an old encyclopedia, and by WP:ENGVAR, the history of the page is an appropriate criterion to decide the matter. Sminthopsis84 (talk) 20:06, 2 May 2013 (UTC)

 * I don't think it matters either way. Most articles do well with a mix of the two. I don't think having a mixed article (British English and American English mixed together in one article) has any negative effects on the article quality. Most people don't care if they see the word "program" or "programme", for example (please forgive any slight mispelling of the British English side of things in the example). Many Wikipedia articles are mixed in that regard and I only rarely see any complaints. 66.27.48.50 (talk) 22:37, 16 June 2013 (UTC)
 * Nonetheless, wikipedia has a Manual of Style which includes the stipulation that the spelling should follow one consistent variety within an article. The shortcut to the manual of style component that lists permitted exceptions to this rule is WP:CONSISTENCY. If the articles you mention are really mixed up, then that is a matter for editors to correct. Sminthopsis84 (talk) 13:47, 17 June 2013 (UTC)

Celery Increasing Heart Attack Risk after Heavy Excersize (Due to Hormonal Chemicals in Celery). True or False?
Years ago this was talked about, I don't know whether or not it was an urban myth. In the 80's I would occassionally see on TV some stuff about this. Supposedly celery contains a chemical that mimics a human hormone that can overstress the heart if celery is eaten before heavy excersize. Supposedly any vigerous excersize after eating a significant amount of celery was advised against, due to an increased risk of heart attack. Even if true I don't know if this applies to everyone, or just people who already have a heart condition or an otherwise weakened heart.

If true and if citations are available, this this would certainly deserve a section in the article. Any such addition should be acurate, well sourced and if there is any (credible) controversy on the subject, both sides should be presented in a well balanced manner.66.27.48.50 (talk) 22:47, 16 June 2013 (UTC)
 * Apparently, there are some types of serious allergic reactions that only occur with strenuous exercise. Some of these allergies are to food, and celery has been known to cause the problem, as reported in this article. Sminthopsis84 (talk) 14:01, 17 June 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 3 external links on Celery. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120520225912/http://www2.mpiz-koeln.mpg.de/pr/garten/schau/ApiumgraveolensLvarrapaceum/Celeriac.html to http://www2.mpiz-koeln.mpg.de/pr/garten/schau/ApiumgraveolensLvarrapaceum/Celeriac.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20081010115914/http://www.practicallyedible.com/edible.nsf/pages/smallage to http://www.practicallyedible.com/edible.nsf/pages/smallage
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080423234215/http://postharvest.ucdavis.edu/Produce/ProduceFacts/Veg/celery.shtml to http://postharvest.ucdavis.edu/Produce/ProduceFacts/Veg/celery.shtml

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Medical content & sourcing
On the 1st of July 2017 Alexbrn removed the following passages from the "Herbalism" section with the comment "trim unreliable":

"Celery seeds contain a compound, 3-n-butylphthalide, that has been demonstrated to lower blood pressure in rats.

Celery juice significantly reduced hypertension in 87.5% of patients (14 of 16) tested. Another study showed the same effect on hypertension associated with pregnancy. There is evidence that suggests a link between celery extract and male reproductive health, spermatogenesis, and testicular damage reversal, but this link has yet to be tested on human subjects. Bergapten in the seeds can increase photosensitivity, so the use of essential oil externally in bright sunshine should be avoided. The oil and large doses of seeds should be avoided during pregnancy, as they can act as a uterine stimulant. Seeds intended for cultivation are not suitable for eating as they are often treated with fungicides."

I think it would be appropriate to discuss the removal of referenced content beforehand or at least give some background information about why it had to go.

thanks, KaiKemmann (talk) 22:22, 11 September 2017 (UTC)
 * There is no requirement to discuss edits beforehand. For why this is unreliable see WP:MEDRS. Alexbrn (talk) 06:38, 12 September 2017 (UTC)

 * Thank you for your comment, Alexbrn.
 * Without wanting to go into detail about the individual sources, would it maybe be an acceptable compromise to indicate the questionable reliability of the cited studies by simply changing the wording of the original text?
 * Such as:
 * "Celery seeds contain a compound, 3-n-butylphthalide, that may lower blood pressure in rats."
 * Or:
 * "Celery juice reduced hypertension in some patients (14 of 16) tested in an insignificant study.
 * And:
 * "A link between celery extract and male reproductive health, spermatogenesis, and testicular damage reversal has been suggested ...  but has neither been tested nor proven on human subjects as yet."
 * I strongly feel that it is always better to put controversial information into the right context than simply deleting it from Wikipedia. Obviously people will still find the deleted content on the internet without understanding that it may be unreliable.
 * thanks again,
 * KaiKemmann (talk) 13:06, 12 September 2017 (UTC)
 * No, because we don't build content on unreliable sources. We need secondary sources to validate research results and give assurance it has weight. Alexbrn (talk) 13:42, 12 September 2017 (UTC)

Footnotes 17,24
These are defunct links. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2602:306:CF99:2080:F4F8:8D65:3C7C:AEE5 (talk) 23:38, 23 May 2018 (UTC)

"Cutting Celery"
I noticed a few gardening sites online refer to there being separate varietys of celery as either "stalk celery" or "cutting Celery". I was surprised that searching wikipedia did not bring up "cutting celery". Is there a contributor who could add language that explains the differences in these varieties and their scientific names? Thanks. 75.80.37.234 (talk) 22:53, 14 March 2019 (UTC) Sandy

Captain Cook
On his first voyage Cook mentions in his journals (penguin 1999:81) sellery as being plentiful in the part of New Zealand he was exploring... Johncmullen1960 (talk) 17:25, 28 April 2019 (UTC)

Which hemisphere?
Cultivation section says "By the 19th century, the season for celery had been extended, to last from the beginning of September to late in April." without mentioning which hemisphere this applies to. Seasons in Northern hemisphere are opposite to those in Southern hemisphere. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 58.96.117.199 (talk) 09:41, 31 March 2020 (UTC)
 * In context, it seems clear to me: "...celery was grown as a vegetable for winter and early spring...By the 19th century, the season for celery had been extended, to last from the beginning of September to late in April." - Sum mer PhD v2.0 15:46, 31 March 2020 (UTC)
 * I've clarified this anyway per the cited source which is describing the cultivation in England. — Cactus Writer (talk) 16:07, 31 March 2020 (UTC)

Use in the Isthmian Games
I noticed that the page reverses the order of celery and pine's use in the Isthmian game victory crowns. The Isthmian victory crown was pine from the foundation of the games until the 5th century BC. It THEN became celery from the 5th century BC to the 2nd century BC. From there, until the 2nd century AD, it was a combination of the two. Source: Broneer, Oscar. “The Isthmian Victory Crown.” American Journal of Archaeology 66, no. 3 (1962): 259–63. https://doi.org/10.2307/501451. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2600:8802:4701:230:A95A:14CA:AC0:E41A (talk) 04:03, 11 December 2021 (UTC)

Split proposal (again)
There was a discussion earlier – see § Split – about splitting this article. Having spent several weeks working on articles concerned with the family Apiaceae, I think this needs to be re-visited. Facts that are easily verified are: Celery is not more connected to Apium graveolens than are celeriac or leaf celery; Apium graveolens should not redirect to Celery. Two possible solutions are: I propose the first solution. Peter coxhead (talk) 09:45, 29 December 2022 (UTC)
 * Apium graveolens is a wild species which, according to Plants of the World Online, has a native distribution around the Mediterranean and eastwards to the western Himalayas.
 * The wild species has been bred in cultivation to produce at least three distinct groups (cultivar groups) of vegetables:
 * Celery = Apium graveolens var. graveolens or Apium graveolens var. dulce if treated as a botanical variety, or Apium graveolens Dulce Group if treated as a cultivar group.
 * Celeriac = Apium graveolens var. rapaceum as a botanical variety, or Apium graveolens Rapaceum Group as cultivar group
 * Leaf celery = Apium graveolens var. secalinum as a botanical variety, or Apium graveolens Secalinum Group as cultivar group
 * 1) Have four articles, on the original species, celery, celeriac and leaf celery. The species article would very briefly discuss the cultivar groups and link to their articles.
 * 2) Have one article, at the species name, that discusses both the original wild species and the three cultivar groups, with redirects from celery, celeriac and leaf celery.

 * Split – option one. Your first proposed solution gets my vote. Thanks, Peter. – Elizabeth (Eewilson) (tag or ping me) (talk) 10:17, 29 December 2022 (UTC)
 * Question What are the four articles in option 1? Can you show what exists and would be split?  Bluerasberry   (talk)  12:20, 29 December 2022 (UTC)
 * sorry, thought it was clear. This article would be split into one at "Apium graveolens" covering the original wild species and noting, very briefly, the cultivated groups, and one at "Celery". "Celeriac" and "Leaf celery" would remain (with some copy-editing for consistency). Peter coxhead (talk) 20:05, 29 December 2022 (UTC)
 * Split option one I see, so the only new article would be Apium graveolens, which would take content from celery, Sure, I get why one would want to do this.  Bluerasberry   (talk)  17:35, 4 January 2023 (UTC)

 * Split – option one. Looking at multiple dictionary definitions of celery, it's pretty clear that it refers to the petiole (leaf stalk) vegetable. The Description and Taxonomy sections of the current article are about the species as a whole. The Europe, Asia and Wild subsections of the Cultivation section are not about the petiole vegetable. Etymology, Harvesting and storage and Nutrition sections are solely about the petiole vegetable. Uses section covers multiple cultivar groups (question, are there particular varieties grown for production of seeds to be used as a spice?) Allergies and Chemistry are relevant to the species and all of the cultivar groups. History section is mixed. Plantdrew (talk) 18:04, 30 December 2022 (UTC)
 * Split – option one. I looked at the first split discussion, and couldn't understand what they were talking about. Abductive  (reasoning) 01:25, 31 December 2022 (UTC)
 * Split – option one. Seems to me there is enough material for this to be four articles. The concern about balkanizing content by discipline can be addressed by suitable linking between the articles (or summarizing in one and linking to another, or the like). I could also see "Combine – option two" but it would make for a pretty long article which I think would be a bit awkward. Either option would make more sense than the status quo, in which two of the cultivar groups have their own article and the third does not. Kingdon (talk) 21:23, 2 January 2023 (UTC)
 * after a considerable delay, I finally got round to creating Apium graveolens incorporating information about the species from this article, and reducing this article to one just about the celery cultivar group. If you have time, please check! Peter coxhead (talk) 11:20, 28 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Looks great. The issue has always been one of a willing and able editor to do the work. Abductive  (reasoning) 11:33, 28 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Looks great. Thank you, Peter. – Elizabeth (Eewilson) (tag or ping me) (talk) 13:49, 28 May 2024 (UTC)

Changed nitrites to nitrates
Under its uses, I changed the statement "naturally occuring nitrites in celery" to "naturally occuring nitrates in celery". The link speaks of sodium nitrate, not sodium nitrite. TimothyforGod (talk) 09:35, 25 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Celery


text:
Talk:Venlafaxine

Discontinuation syndrome versus withdrawal
I re-named the section which was labeled "Discontinuation syndrome" to identify it as "withdrawal." "Discontinuation syndrome" is a Wyeth-created term. I have some concerns that this article has been and continues to be a re-stating of Wyeth provided information only, and without an anlysis of all aspects. While I fully realize that Wikipedia is to maintain a neutral tone, I strongly believe that this terminology ("discontinuation syndrome") is and of itself negates any neutral tone to this article whatsoever.Also use it for man-power.

2D structure for Venlafaxine?
Why was the image of the chemical the 2D structure of Venlafaxine removed? There is only an image of the ball-and-stick model now. Can we please re-add this. Mydriasis Aletheia (talk) 17:28, 8 September 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Venlafaxine


text:
Ruddington

Ruddington is a large village in the Borough of Rushcliffe in Nottinghamshire, England. The village is 5 mi south of Nottingham and 11 mi northwest of Loughborough. It had a population of 6,441 at the 2001 Census, increasing to 7,216 at the 2011 Census and 7,674 in 2021. Ruddington is twinned with Grenay, France.

The village residents have previously conducted high-profile campaigns in an attempt to retain the rural identity as a village and prevent it being subsumed into the adjoining suburban village of Clifton and town of West Bridgford. It maintains this through a variety of local amenities such as several shops, schools, public houses, community centre, village hall and churches within the village centre.

Settlements
There are 2 urban areas, and a former village within the parish borders. These areas are considered to be within the regional Greater Nottingham conurbation due to their close proximity to the city.

Ruddington Village
The core built up area is about a mile in diameter. The B680 road from Wilford is the main thoroughfare in the village, and turns off to meet with the A60 on the outskirts. The key shops and facilities are located along the High Street, Church Street and Dutton's Hill roads. The Green is a small village green park area to the south of these. Other parks include the Elms Park football and cricket ground, St Mary's, Vicarage Lane Playing Field, and Sellors’ Playing Field which hosts the annual village fair. There is a war memorial and garden within the St. Peter's Church grounds, and various museums (see Museums section below) hosting insights into the history and heritage of the village. Residential areas include the Elms Park estate, Manor Park, the newer Wheatley Fields estate, and Brook Hill which is a thin line of ribbon development almost contiguous with Clifton. The village conservation area of 20.5 hectares was first designated in 1970, and stretches from Manor Park, and through the historic centre to more recent buildings on the A60 Loughborough Road. There are also several Grade II listed buildings of note - St Peter's Church, period knitters workshops and cottages, as well as a phone kiosk feature amongst them.

Ruddington Grange
This is a mainly residential hamlet of around 200 residents which lies half-mile to the north of the village. It is split into two parts by the A60 road and the Grange manor house surrounding grounds, this having been redeveloped in 1988 into the present-day event venue and golf course. The wider Grange area is also home to Ruddington Hall, in use for many years as offices of an IT organisation, and nearby Mickleborough Hill.

Flawford
Also known as Flawforth, this is a 'lost village' once located where present-day Flawforth Lane changes direction at a right angle. Its most notable feature was St. Peter's Church which eventually fell into disrepair and was pulled down in the late 18th century, the foundations currently marked out in the ground at the site. Along with the lane and a no through road (Flawforth Ave), the placename variations live on in the names of present-day nearby farms.

Parish
The civil parish covers a wider area than the settlements, and is geographically characterised by much low-lying terrain used for farmland. The land is generally 30 - 40 m above sea level, extending from the flat Ruddington Moor area in the south, to the elevated Grange area which contains Mickleborough Hill, the highest point at 70 m.

Administratively, Ruddington Parish Council manage the area as the first tier of local government, Rushcliffe Borough Council and Nottinghamshire County Council providing successively higher level services.

Rushcliffe Country Park, an area developed on the now decommissioned Ruddington Depot, along with the Ruddington Fields Business Park which hosts several national businesses, both lay to the south of the main village. Other industrial sectors include units in the north of the Manor Park area and the Artex head office on the southern edge of the Wheatley Fields housing development.

Fairham Brook forms the south and west boundaries of the parish, meeting the Nottingham city border before flowing under the Fairham Bridge which links Ruddington and Clifton. Its subsidiary stream Packman Dyke becomes the border for a short distance, before meeting the former Great Central Railway track alignment which becomes the boundary in the north western corner of the parish, Wilwell Farm Cutting Nature Reserve creates a brief deviation with a line of trees before the GCR route meets the existing NET tram route by the A52 trunk road. The north parish border runs alongside the A52 easterly before diverting at Lings Bar roundabout, mirroring Flawforth Lane to the historical St. Peter's church site before branching off south of Crockhill Wood, meeting and tracing the A60 road briefly, then following a private farm road to the south of the business park and along farm plots and reaching Fairham Brook at Ruddington Moor.

Bradmore, Bunny and East Leake lie to the south of the parish; Gotham to the south west; Barton-in-Fabis to the west; Clifton to the north west; Wilford, Wilford Hill and West Bridgford to the north; Edwalton to the north east; Tollerton and Plumtree to the east; and Keyworth to the south east.

History
There is evidence of occupation in the area during the Bronze Age (c. 1500 BC). The toponym "Ruddington" comes from Old English and means "the estate of the people of Rudda".

In the Domesday Book in AD 1086, Ruddington's population entry recorded around 250 people. Most were involved in agriculture and this way of life changed little for many hundreds of years, the population marginally increasing by the 17th century to only approximately 320. Open field lands were reallocated amongst the inhabitants in 1767.

There are 1st century Roman remains of a large villa at Flawford. The first known St. Peter's church dates from the 9th century and was built over the foundations of the villa, this was a shared church also catering to the nearby villages of Edwalton, Plumtree and Keyworth. Alabaster church effigy pieces were found here in 1779 and are presently kept at the Nottingham Castle Museum.

St Mary's was first established in Ruddington village as a manor chapel in around 1292-94 attached to the adjacent manor house (now the Hermitage), the lord of the manor at the time overseeing the building. It was eventually renamed as St Peter's Church after the Flawford church, due to disrepair, was pulled down in 1773–79.

Ruddington's association with the knitting industry had begun by the start of the 19th century after the invention of the knitting frame in Nottinghamshire. The industry attracted new inhabitants and the population grew to 2,500 during this time as an associated extension to lace manufacture. New houses and frameshops, including the site occupied by the present-day Ruddington Framework Knitters Museum (see the Museums section below) were built to provide homes and workspace for the knitters and families. The 1851 census showed that half of the heads of households in the village were involved in the occupation. Framework knitting in the village declined towards the end of the 19th century as steam-powered machines developed and factories provided large-scale competition to the manual methods still being employed by the villagers.

Charles Paget, local Nottingham MP, in 1828 built the Ruddington Grange manor house, which established the hamlet of the same name.

White's Directory in 1853 records George Augustus Parkyns, as the principal owner, and lord of the manor of Ruddington.

Ruddington Hall was built in 1860, by Thomas Cross from Bolton who was a banker and Justice of the Peace, he owned it until his death in 1879. In 1880 an American merchant, Philo Laos Mills. purchased and resided at the hall. He was appointed High Sheriff of Nottinghamshire in 1897. It was a hospital during the Second World War until 1980, when it was bought and converted into offices, and is in use today as the head office for a local business.

The Village Hall was constructed between 1912 and 1913 to the designs of the architect William Herbert Higginbottom. The Misses Paget gave £800 of the £1,100 construction cost.

Sellors' Playing Field was gifted to the village via the parish council in 1947 by Frederick Sellors, the annual Wakes Funfair being held on the site since 1968.

Ruddington expanded further between the wars and after as new housing estates were built at the edge of the village. The Ordnance Supply and Disposal Depot opened at the start of World War II and occupied a large area on the southern outskirts of the village. The depot closed in the 1980s and the site was redeveloped in 1993 into Rushcliffe Country Park and Ruddington Fields Business Park.

Railway station
Ruddington railway station was on the former Great Central Railway (later part of the London & North Eastern Railway), the last main line to be built from the north of England to London, opened on 15 March 1899. The station closed on 4 March 1963 but the line remained operational for passenger traffic until 5 May 1969 and for freight until 1974. The line was subsequently dismantled north of Ruddington, but the section south to Loughborough remains in existence as a heritage railway (see Nottingham Heritage Railway Museums entry below).

Museums
Ruddington is notable for being the home of three museums.

 * The Ruddington Village Museum
 * features authentic Chemists, Ironmongers and Fish and Chip shops from the Edwardian era, all rebuilt part by part inside the building, which was previously the Ruddington Infant and Girls' School.

 * The Ruddington Framework Knitters' Museum
 * is a unique complex of listed frameshops, cottages, and outbuildings arranged around a garden courtyard, together with a former chapel. The site has been restored to show the working and living conditions of the framework knitters who occupied it throughout the nineteenth century, and is one of the few places in Britain where you can see a working Framework Knitting machine.

 * Nottingham Heritage Railway
 * is next to Rushcliffe Country Park. There is a preserved stretch of the former Great Central Railway line which currently runs to just outside Loughborough. The station has an historic road transport collection, a miniature railway and other attractions. The railway operates every Sunday and bank holiday Monday from Easter to late October. There are plans to join it to the preserved portion of the railway which currently operates from Loughborough Central to Leicester North, known as the Loughborough Gap

Notable people

 * Richard Henson (1864–1930), cricketer

title: Ruddington


text:
Talk:Keyboard expression

Untitled
I'm aware that I'm close to the line of NPOV with the last paragraph, about manufacturers of inferior instruments inaccurately claiming them to be pressure sensitive, but I think it's exactly what is happening.

And I think inferior is the word, regardless of the quality in other respects. It's best to implement the full MIDI standard, and an instrument which does so is in this sense at least superior.

The problem with the confusion is that it's very believable. Pressure sensitive seems a far more natural way to describe the touch of a piano than velocity sensitive, but it's not technically the correct way. (Linguistically of course anything can be correct, let's not go there.)

In fairness to these manufacturers, it's probably not their designers or even their executives who have made at least some of these decisions, it may be translators, and they may even be doing it in good faith. There's a lot going on. Andrewa 22:42, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Examples and how to recognize
Can someone give some examples of pressure sensitive (PS) and velocity sensitive (VS) keyboards? How about the Yamaha MO series?

And if I'm in a music shop, how can I find out if a keyboard is PS or VS? Is there a little test you could describe?

THANKS -- Michael Janich (talk) 03:41, 14 May 2008 (UTC)

List of Models
Since keyboards with polyphonic pressure sensitivity are afaik not built anymore, it would be nice to have a list of models, because it is really hard to find those models, that have this feature. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.70.180.244 (talk) 21:23, 20 May 2008 (UTC)

Release velocity
I think release velocity deserves a mention in this article. Maybe a list of instruments sporting this feature as well. I also agree with the previous poster, a list of instruments with true polyphonic aftertouch would be very helpful, as well as an explaination of the difference between channel and polyphonic aftertouch. 80.213.252.238 (talk) 15:43, 23 October 2008 (UTC)

Clarify displacement sensitivity
The displacement section is sort of ambiguous for organs. Theatre Organs have 2nd touch which plays more stops for the notes pressed to the 2nd set of contacts, while SOME tracker organs open the pallets in proportion to how much the key is pressed. A lot now have pneumatic assist or are adjusted to only play when the pallet is far enough open to make the pipes speak, so the tone is not necessarily affected by the amount of key displacement — Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.204.110.209 (talk) 00:24, 4 September 2011 (UTC)

What about second touch?
A little known feature of theatre organs is second touch, the ability to depress a key past its first travel. There is a second spring for each key, so engaging second touch for a note requires pushing through the second (stronger) spring. I don't think it's the same as polyphonic aftertouch, as polyphonic aftertouch is controlled by pressure, whereas on a theatre organ keyboard it is controlled by distance — it is depressed further. Would that be something applicable to this article? Smj-edison (talk) 18:02, 3 August 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Keyboard expression


text: User talk:65.94.226.155

title: User talk:65.94.226.155


text:
1999 in art

Events from the year 1999 in art.

Events

 * 28 May – After 22 years of restoration work, Leonardo da Vinci's The Last Supper is placed back on display in Milan, Italy.
 * July – After 158 years of an empty plinth, Mark Wallinger's Ecce Homo becomes the first work displayed on the Fourth plinth, Trafalgar Square, London.
 * 11 December – After 19 years of work, restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes is completed in the Vatican City.
 * The Stuckism movement is founded by Billy Childish and Charles Thomson.
 * Discovery of Venus of Tan-Tan (300,000–500,000 BP) in Morocco, the earliest known artefact to show evidence of human artistic input.

Exhibitions

 * 11 March – Jackson Pollock retrospective opens at the Tate London.

Works

 * Louise Bourgeois – Maman
 * Maurizio Cattelan – La Nona Ora (sculpture)
 * Mike Chapman – Christ Child (sculpture, London)
 * Fern Cunningham - "Harriet Tubman Memorial - Step on Board" (sculptural tableaux, Boston)
 * Tracey Emin – My Bed (exhibited at Tate Gallery, London)
 * Antony Gormley – Quantum Cloud (sculpture, London)
 * Andreas Gursky – color photographs
 * 99 Cent II Diptychon (diptych)
 * Rhein II
 * Friedensreich Hundertwasser - The Hundertwasser Toilets (architectural sculpture in Kawakawa, New Zealand)
 * Anish Kapoor – Taratantara (Baltic Flour Mill, Gateshead)
 * Cornelia Parker – Hanging Fire (Suspected Arson) (installation)
 * Beverly Pepper – Persephone Unbound (bronze, Seattle)
 * Neo Rauch – Tal

Awards
-The Venice Biennial-
 * Archibald Prize – Euan MacLeod, Self portrait/head like a hole
 * John Moores Painting Prize - Michael Raedecker for "Mirage"
 * Schock Prize in Visual Arts – Jacques Herzog and Pierre de Meuron
 * Turner Prize – Steve McQueen
 * The Lion d'or (Golden Lion) for Lifetime Achievement: Louise Bourgeois (USA), Bruce Nauman (USA)
 * The Lion d'or for Best Pavilion: Monica Bonvicini, Bruna Esposito, Luisa Lambri, Paola Pivi, Grazia Toderi (Italy)

January to June

 * 28 January – Markey Robinson, Irish painter (born 1918)
 * 5 February – Nicholas Krushenick, American pop art painter (born 1929)
 * 9 February – Richard Allen, American Minimalist, Abstract, Systems, Fundamental and Geometric painter (born 1933)
 * 18 February – Andreas Feininger, French-born American photographer (born 1906)
 * 10 March – Oswaldo Guayasamín, Ecuadorian painter and sculptor (born 1919)
 * 15 March – Harry Callahan, American photographer (born 1912)
 * 20 March – Patrick Heron, English painter, writer and designer (born 1920)
 * 24 March – Ladjane Bandeira, Brazilian artist and journalist (born 1927)
 * 29 March – Lucien Aigner, Hungarian photographer (born 1901)
 * 24 April – Arthur Boyd, Australian painter and sculptor (born 1920)
 * 2 May – Tibor Kalman, Hungarian-American graphic designer (born 1949)
 * 12 May – Saul Steinberg, Romanian-born American cartoonist and illustrator (born 1914)
 * 15 June – John Glashan, Scottish cartoonist, illustrator and playwright (born 1927)
 * 19 June – Oton Gliha, Croatian painter (born 1914)
 * 30 June – Edouard Boubat, French photographer (born 1923)

July to December

 * 5 July – Thea Tewi, German-born American sculptor and lingerie designer (born 1902)
 * 14 July – Władysław Hasior, Polish sculptor, painter and set designer (born 1928)
 * 15 August – Hugh Casson, British architect, interior designer, artist, writer and broadcaster (born 1910)
 * 21 August – Leo Castelli, Italian-American art dealer and gallerist (born 1907)
 * 22 August – Yann Goulet, French sculptor, Breton nationalist and war-time collaborationist with Nazi Germany (born 1914)
 * 30 August – Raymond Poïvet, French cartoonist (born 1910)
 * 13 September – Miriam Davenport, American painter and sculptor (born 1915)
 * 4 October – Bernard Buffet, French painter (born 1928)
 * 23 October - Albert Tucker, Australian Expressionist painter (born 1914)
 * 27 October – Charlotte Perriand, French architect and designer (born 1903)
 * 4 November – Richard Clements, Australian painter (born 1951)
 * 18 November
 * Stephen Greene American painter (born 1917)
 * Horst P. Horst, German American photographer (born 1906)
 * 12 December – Paul Cadmus, American painter (born 1904)
 * 28 December – Louis Féraud, French fashion designer and artist (born 1921)

title: 1999 in art


text:
User talk:Sneakyimp

Sevendust Article
What you can do is type in the word Sevendust, then put the word (pesticide) next to it, so it reads Sevendust (pesticide). Zscout370 22:45, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

what about search
i did that. i created a simple article. then i searched for sevendust and i am immediately taken to the article on sevendust the band (and i don't care about them at all).

it needs to show up in the search.

 * When you type in the search box for something and presses enter or the go-button, you go directly to that article. So if you type in "Sevendust", you come to Sevendust. If you type in "Sevendust (pesticide)" you go to Sevendust (pesticide). In cases like these where two things share the same name you have what is called a disambiguation page. However, in this case I didn't think a disambiguation page was warrented, so I added a note to the top of the Sevendust article. If you have any other questions, please drop me a note. Gkhan 23:23, Apr 19, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sneakyimp