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List of fictional Antichrists

Antichrist characters have been the continuing subject of speculation and attraction, often explored in fiction and media, and the character has developed its own fictional mythology apart from biblical scripture. For example, the Book of Revelation does not say the Antichrist will be the son of Satan (it does not even mention him), but the idea was made popular in at least two movies, The Omen, and its sequels, with the evil child, Damien, who grows up with the destiny to rule and destroy the world, and Rosemary's Baby with her son, Adrian.

In fact, the five uses of the term "antichrist" or "antichrists" in the Johannine epistles do not clearly present a single latter-day individual Antichrist. The articles "the deceiver" or "the antichrist" are usually seen as marking out a certain category of persons, rather than an individual. "Little children, it is the last hour: and as you have heard that Antichrist cometh, even now there are become many Antichrists: whereby we know that it is the last hour."

"Many deceivers have gone out into the world, those who do not confess that Jesus Christ has come in the flesh; any such person is the deceiver and the antichrist!"

"Who is the liar but the one who denies that Jesus is the Christ? This is the antichrist, the one who denies the Father and the Son."

"By this you know the Spirit of God: every spirit that confesses that Jesus Christ has come in the flesh is from God, and every spirit that does not confess Jesus is not from God. And this is the spirit of the antichrist, of which you have heard that it is coming; and now it is already in the world."

Consequently, attention for an individual Antichrist figure focuses on the second chapter of 2 Thessalonians. However, the term "antichrist" is never used in this passage:

"As to the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ and our being gathered together to him, we beg you, brothers and sisters, not to be quickly shaken in mind or alarmed, either by spirit or by word or by letter, as though from us, to the effect that the day of the Lord is already here. Let no one deceive you in any way; for that day will not come unless the rebellion comes first and the lawless one is revealed, the one destined for destruction. He opposes and exalts himself above every so-called god or object of worship, so that he takes his seat in the temple of God, declaring himself to be God."

"For the mystery of lawlessness is already at work, but only until the one who now restrains it is removed. And then the lawless one will be revealed, whom the Lord Jesus will destroy with the breath of his mouth, annihilating him by the manifestation of his coming. The coming of the lawless one is apparent in the working of Satan, who uses all power, signs, lying wonders, and every kind of wicked deception for those who are perishing, because they refused to love the truth and so be saved."

Although the word "antichrist" (Greek antikhristos) is used only in the Epistles of John, the similar word "pseudochrist" (Greek pseudokhristos, meaning "false messiah") is used by Jesus in the Gospels:

"For false messiahs and false prophets will appear and produce great signs and omens, to lead astray, if possible, even the elect."

Portrayals
Antichrist characters portrayed in fiction and nonfiction include:

 * A nameless leader that assumes the reinstituted office of Roman Emperor, in The Tale of Anti-Christ by Vladimir Solovyov
 * Jake Gray in Devour
 * Jesse, a human/demon hybrid in the Supernatural episode I Believe the Children Are Our Future, is confirmed as the Antichrist by the angel Castiel. Unlike most personifications of the Antichrist, Jesse is neutrally aligned, able to be deterred from his "destined" path when Sam Winchester tells him the whole truth about his origins and capabilities.
 * The talking ape Shift in C. S. Lewis' The Last Battle.
 * Stone Alexander (played by Michael York) in the films The Omega Code, and Megiddo: The Omega Code 2.
 * Nicolae Carpathia from the Christian book series Left Behind.
 * Brother Bartholomew from Salem Kirban's 1970 novel, 666.
 * Damian from the Flash game series Quickdraw.
 * Damien Thorn from The Omen series. This movie was influential in that, in many of the "Anti-Christian" movies that followed, it was naturally assumed that the Antichrist would be Satan's "begotten" son.
 * Angel Caine, played by Simon Ward, in the film Holocaust 2000 (aka The Chosen).
 * The animal Antichrist in the South Park episode "Woodland Critter Christmas", though at the end of this episode it is revealed that he was only part of a story made up by Cartman
 * The 'Damien' Antichrist from the South Park episode "Damien"
 * Adolf Hitler, in Robert Van Kampen's novel The Fourth Reich. Hitler's spirit is released from Hell and enters an embryo created from his cloned DNA. He is then born in Russia and grows up to become that country's dictator, eventually revealing his true identity to the world before the UN General Assembly. Van Kampen also stated that Hitler "best meets all requirements to be the Antichrist" in his former book, The Sign.
 * Randall Flagg from The Stand by Stephen King
 * Joey Atkins from Strange. He is the son of the demon Azal and is destined to take on his father's role.
 * 'Pepito' from Squee!
 * Quinn Dexter from Peter F. Hamilton's The Night's Dawn Trilogy. He is an avowed Satanist who tries to bring God's Brother (Satan) into the world to destroy all life in the universe.
 * The demon Agares, from The Day After Judgement by James Blish
 * Julian Felsenburgh in Lord of the World by Robert Hugh Benson
 * The European President in Father Elijah: An Apocalypse and its sequel Elijah in Jerusalem by Michael D. O'Brien
 * Adam Young from Neil Gaiman and Terry Pratchett's novel Good Omens
 * Christina in the TV series Point Pleasant
 * Franco Macaluso from various Cloud Ten Pictures movies
 * The titular character (occasionally referred to as Adam Kadmon) of the Marilyn Manson album Antichrist Superstar
 * Professional Wrestler, Jeff Hardy, during his TNA (Total Nonstop Action Wrestling) run in 2010-2011, as his persona was known with the nickname « The Antichrist of Professional Wrestling. »
 * Santa Clause from Santa's Slay, he is the polar opposite to Jesus in that he is the son of Satan instead of God's son
 * Danny Wormwood from Chronicles of Wormwood
 * Lucy, from House in the Cerulean Sea by TJ Klune.
 * Christopher Goodman from the Christ Clone Trilogy by James BeauSeigneur
 * Lucy, from Lucy, the Daughter of the Devil
 * The Priest's assistant in "The Serpentine Offering" video clip from the album In Sorte Diaboli by Dimmu Borgir
 * The United States President in Pat Robertson's book The End of the Age Took power by following the suicide of one president and arranging the murder of his immediate predecessor as well as the murder of the president's killer.
 * Iscarius Alchemy, a resurrected Judas Iscariot in Matthew Dickens' Shekinah Chronicles series, published by Destiny Image.
 * Azul Dante in the Prodigal Project book series written by Ken Abrham and Daniel Hart.
 * Baal in the novel Baal by Robert R. McCammon
 * Immanuel Bernstate in Jonathan R. Cash's novel The Age of the Antichrist.
 * Sir Richard Grant Morrison in the novel We All Fall Down by Brian Caldwell
 * Chaos, the King of the Old Ones.
 * Adrian from the film Rosemary's Baby.
 * Set Abominae from the Something Wicked Saga
 * Woland from Mihail Bulgakov's The Master and Margarita
 * Mason Wolfe in the novel The Last Fisherman by Randy England
 * In the Apocalypse Chronicles trilogy, Lucien St. Clair is raised from the dead and goes on to rule the world as the Antichrist under the name of Lucius Devoran, a name deliberately chosen for its Latin numerical value of 666.
 * Daniel Quinn in his book The Story of B
 * Emmanuel Lewis is described as the Antichrist in the 1996 Bloodhound Gang song "Fire Water Burn", and it is presumed he will keep the singer company in Hell, along with several dead celebrities.
 * Vikki Poormanin Five Points Washington in her portrayal of the all knowing savior.
 * Laura Goodman in the Undead series by MaryJanice Davidson
 * In Gore Vidal's 1954 dystopian novel Messiah a new death-worshipping religion sweeps the world, completely displacing and destroying Christianity. After their victory, the new religion's adherents declare their Prophet to have been the Antichrist, meaning that as praise.
 * Michael Langdon from American Horror Story (season 1 Murder House and season 8 Apocalypse); he is the result of Tate Langdon raping Vivien Harmon as a ghost, when she was still a human, and is therefore believed to be the antichrist.
 * The seventeenth-century painter Christoph Haizmann is depicted as Antichrist in the 2003 horror mocumentary Searching for Haizmann by Scott Gordon & Ron Meyer
 * Harry Potter in Alan Moore's The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen, Volume III: Century. In this universe he is brought about by the Invisible College, a cult of magicians led by Oliver Haddo, as the moonchild destined to bring the apocalypse. All his exploits were in fact orchestrated by the College (Haddo acting as Lord Voldemort).
 * The Swedish band Ghost makes portrayals of the birth of the Antichrist and then the life of him following on their two full-length albums.
 * Malachi in the 2005 UK Hex TV series
 * Anung Un Rama, also known as Hellboy, is a popular comic book and motion picture protagonist who is also the son of the Devil. Despite being destined as an Antichrist figure, being given an oversized right hand of stone which is to act as the key to unleash great evil upon the world, Hellboy has foresworn this burden and instead fights to protect the world from evil and darkness.
 * Earl Grundy in Rapture-Palooza
 * Madison Dellamea as Amy Calder from The Messengers
 * Guy Fieri in Homestuck. In the alternate-reality Earth seen in the comic's sixth act, Fieri becomes known as the "third and final antichrist" after he joins the Supreme Court of the United States and assists the Insane Clown Posse, the Dual Presidents of the United States, in exterminating humanity for the alien Condesce.
 * Lucius Wagner in the "Lucius" videogame series.
 * Angel Caine in the 1977 movie Holocaust 2000.
 * Anghela Sta. Ana or "NgaHela" in 2016 Filipino horror movie Seklusyon
 * Charlie from Hazbin Hotel is the daughter of Lucifer and Lilith and the princess of Hell.
 * Aion in Chrono Crusade anime.
 * Sabrina Spellman in the Netflix series Chilling Adventures of Sabrina is the daughter of Lucifer and is prophesied to bring about the apocalypse by performing satanic perversions of the miracles Jesus performed
 * Lucas from Little Evil who is the son of Samantha and step-son of Gary Bloom who is born on 6 June, a Satanist group plans to sacrifice him on his 6th birthday to open the gates of hell so the devil can possess him to commence the end of the world.
 * Ricardo Montana from the Brazilian telenovela Apocalipse produced by Casablanca and Record TV, based on the Book of Revelation. Ricardo is played by Brazilian actor Sérgio Marone.
 * Judas Iscariot (The Man from Kerioth) in The Angelic Human series by JD McCroskey.
 * Bishop Uriah Leonard/Pope Sixtus VI in The Seven Last Years (1978) by Carol Balizet
 * Antiochus IV Epiphanes (resurrected by Satan) in Titan, Son of Saturn (1905) by Joseph Birbeck Burroughs
 * Jacque Catroux in Beast (1985) by Dan Betzer -
 * Chrissy from Little Demon

title: List of fictional Antichrists


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Northern Cyprus citizenship

Northern Cyprus nationality law governs the acquisition, transmission, and loss of Northern Cyprus citizenship. Naturalized Northern Cyprus citizens are persons granted citizenship by the de facto Government of Northern Cyprus, which is recognized only by Turkey.

Viewpoint of the Republic of Cyprus
It has been the policy of the de facto state of Northern Cyprus to encourage non-Greek immigration into the country, as decided upon shortly after the Declaration of Independence of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus to increase their numbers relative to the population of the Greek-Cypriots in the Republic of Cyprus. Most of the immigrants come from the Anatolia region of Turkey, but a few others from the United Kingdom come to live in Northern Cyprus in order to take advantage of property sales. No immigration is permitted, however, that would threaten the demographic status of the ethnic Turkish majority.

It is estimated that Turkish settlers in Northern Cyprus and their children currently make up about 50% of the population in the de facto state, but the number of naturalizations remains unknown.

The Government of the Republic of Cyprus views the immigration policy of Northern Cyprus as a means to upset the island's demographics, and as a theft of Greek-Cypriot owned property. They, therefore, officially regard any naturalized Northern Cyprus citizens as 'illegal settlers', who would be subject to deportation in the event of Cypriot reunification. It is the policy of the Republic of Cyprus to refuse naturalized Northern Cyprus citizens entry into the Republic of Cyprus through the Green Line checkpoints since they have entered into Cyprus through what is considered as an unlawful port of entry. The refusal of entry to the Republic mainly applies to the Turkish settlers, as Turkish citizens of Turkey are permitted to enter the Republic of Cyprus, only through the lawful ports of entry.

The Republic of Cyprus has declared any Northern Cyprus seaport or airport to be an unlawful port of entry; however, in practice, Ercan Airport is used as the principal civilian airport of Northern Cyprus, and the same applies to the ports of Famagusta and Kyrenia.

Furthermore, the government of the Republic of Cyprus considers the immigration policy of Northern Cyprus to be in violation of Article 49 of the Fourth Geneva Convention of 1949 ("Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War"), which prohibits the transfer by an occupying power of its own civilian population into the territory it is occupying. Also, in Resolutions 33/15 (1978), 24/30 (1979) and 37/253 (1983), the United Nations General Assembly deplored "all unilateral actions that change the demographic structure of Cyprus".

Practical difficulties
As a Northern Cyprus passport is not recognised by most national governments (much like the republic itself), naturalised citizens have to resort to Turkish or other nations' passports in order to travel internationally. Many Turkish Cypriots who are born in Cyprus with parents who can trace their Cypriot and legal residence before the partition applied for and received a Cypriot passport from the recognised Republic of Cyprus. That said, some individuals, particularly children, have had difficulties in accessing Republic of Cyprus citizenship. In 2021, Turkish Cypriot officials were stripped of their ROC passports. Any citizen of Northern Cyprus is entitled to citizenship of Turkey and to receive a Turkish passport.

Recent policy changes
In 2005, after an increase in both crime and unemployment, the previously unrestricted immigration policy for Turkish migrants was tightened. In the wake of this new policy, a number of Turkish migrants have been deported and immigration procedures have changed to allow Northern Cyprus to better screen migrant applicants. Turkey itself regards policy change as a heavy-handed reaction, thus causing the first major area of disagreement between Northern Cyprus and Turkey.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Northern Cyprus citizenship


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Wikipedia talk:Requests for arbitration/Tkorrovi vs. Paul Beardsell/Tangents

''Moved from Wikipedia_talk:Requests_for_arbitration/Tkorrovi_vs._Paul_Beardsell, this is the lengthy conversation following the comments I made. --Chinasaur 02:15, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)''

Other editors did not like this move, so this material has been returned to the arbcom page cited above. --Chinasaur 09:05, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)


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No Name Face

No Name Face is the debut studio album by American rock band Lifehouse. It was released on October 31, 2000, by DreamWorks Records and it produced the hit single "Hanging by a Moment" which went on to be the most played song on radio the following year. This album launched Lifehouse into the limelight, and produced many radio-friendly hits. It has sold over four million copies worldwide, with 2,670,000 copies sold in the US alone.

Lead singer and songwriter Jason Wade originally formed Lifehouse as a church rock band, and often performed for church worship services before signing to the commercial record label DreamWorks.

Critical reception
Liana Jonas of AllMusic gave the album three out of five stars, noting how the "music aptly supports Wade's sonorous voice." She further commented on Wade's songwriting abilities by saying that Wade "is a lyrical wunderkind, writing words generally reserved for his older counterparts." iTunes compared Wade's voice on the album to Eddie Vedder of Pearl Jam, Scott Stapp of Creed, and Scott Weiland formerly of Stone Temple Pilots and Velvet Revolver. They then commented on the musicality of the album by saying, "it's an intelligent musical formula sorely missed in much music of the early 21st century". John DiBiase of Jesus Freak Hideout gave the album three-and-a-half out of five stars, and called the album a "good mainstream album to check out from a band who seems to have a lot to offer which we're bound to see in the near future". Dave Urbanski from Today's Christian Music applauded the instrumentation on the album and also said that the band had "skillful musicianship, poetic insight, [and] unflinching takes on faith".

Promotion
On August 7, 2001, DreamWorks Records announced that Lifehouse was preparing for their first headlining tour in support of No Name Face. It was also announced that the opening acts would be The Calling and Michelle Branch. When asked how the band approaches live performances in an interview with MTV Radio, Wade said, "On the record, there's a couple tracks that are more mellow, with acoustic guitars and stuff. But in our live show, we've been trying to keep it really up-tempo. It's gotten a lot rockier than on the record. We try to step it up with the guitars, getting them crunchier and picking the tempos up to draw the crowd in more. So the live show's a little more energetic than the record."

Personnel
Produced by Ron Aniello
 * Jason Wade – vocals, guitars
 * Sergio Andrade – bass
 * Jon Palmer – drums

Additional personnel

 * Ron Aniello – guitar, bass, keyboards, percussion, engineer
 * Collin Hayden – electric guitar
 * Aaron Lord – viola
 * Marcus Barone – chamberlaine
 * Aaron Embry – keyboards
 * John Leftwich – string bass
 * Bob Glaub – bass
 * Jack Kelly – drums
 * Matt Laug – drums
 * Walter Rodriquez – tambourine
 * Jude Cole – background vocals
 * Kendall Payne – background vocals
 * Neal Averon – engineer
 * Jim Scott – engineer
 * Brendan O'Brien – mixing
 * Maxfield Parrish – cover painting

title: No Name Face


text: User talk:67.177.186.77

title: User talk:67.177.186.77


text: User talk:69.243.236.191

title: User talk:69.243.236.191


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Young Liberals of Canada

The Young Liberals of Canada (YLC) (French: Jeunes libéraux du Canada) is the national youth wing of the Liberal Party of Canada. All members of the Liberal Party aged 25 and under are automatically members of the YLC. The Young Liberals of Canada are an official commission of the Liberal Party and the largest youth political organization in Canada.

The YLC is composed of Provincial and Territorial Boards (PTBs) in all ten provinces and clubs on almost 50 post-secondary campuses and in most of Canada's 338 ridings. The organization is led by the National Executive. Several major initiatives by Liberal governments over the years have started out as Young Liberal ideas, including same-sex marriage, marijuana legalization and medical assistance in dying.

Many Young Liberal alumni have gone on to have prominent careers in Canadian politics, including former prime ministers Jean Chrétien and Paul Martin and current cabinet ministers Bardish Chagger and Karina Gould, among others.

History
1936–1984

The Young Liberals of Canada were founded in 1936, though youth had played a role in the Liberal Party (particularly election campaigns) since its founding. During the 1950s and 60s, future Prime Ministers Jean Chrétien and Paul Martin were both active Young Liberals. Chrétien, who joined during law school at Université Laval, was elected president of the uLaval Young Liberals in 1958 (no one else wanted the job, as everyone else was too afraid of drawing the ire of the Union Nationale.) Martin was active during his years at the University of Toronto, where future Liberal leaders Michael Ignatieff and Bob Rae were also engaged in Young Liberal activities on campus.

In an attempt to attract Young Liberal supporters for his 1968 leadership bid, Pierre Trudeau campaigned on the promise of reserving specific number of delegate spots at national conventions to Young Liberals. Trudeau went on to win the party leadership, and YLC was allocated guaranteed number of delegate spots in each riding association and in accredited campus Liberal clubs. This has meant the YLC has wielded unique influence in the party's leadership selection as it controls the accreditation process of campus clubs, which were fierce battlegrounds during federal leadership races from the early 1980s to 2006. Trudeau's government also lowered the voting age to 18 in 1970, further endearing him to Young Liberals.

1984–2006

During the 1980s, YLC members found themselves on both sides of raging intra-party debates. During the 1986 leadership review, some supported leader John Turner, such as future MP Joe Peschisolido, while others opposed him, including YLC-Quebec President and future politician Denis Coderre (who publicly called for Turner's resignation.) During the 1990 leadership race, the Paul Martin leadership campaign was particularly notorious for hostile take over of campus clubs, though many Young Liberals supported the eventual winner (and YLC alumni), Jean Chrétien.

Under the leadership of president (and future MP) Greg Fergus, the YLC began to push for the legalization of same-sex marriage in 1994, the first group in the Liberal Party to do so. The 2003 leadership race, which saw YLC alum Paul Martin become prime minister, again featured heavy Young Liberal involvement, with intense battles for delegates on many campuses (especially by the Martin campaign.) Young Liberals mobilized against Canada's proposed entry into United States Missile Defence System in 2005, helping convince the Martin Government to say no to the Americans.

2006–Present

The YLC's influence in the leadership selection process was greatly diminished in 2009 when the federal party changed its constitution to elect its future leaders by a "weighted One Member, One Vote" voting method. Following this, and the Liberal Party's historic defeat in 2011, the YLC helped lead the process of party renewal by assisting youth in taking on new leadership roles and promoting new progressive policies. Most prominently, Young Liberal policies advocating for the legalization of marijuana (first passed by the YLC-British Columbia) and medical assistance in dying (passed by the Ontario Young Liberals) were overwhelmingly endorsed by the party's entire membership at the 2012 and 2014 Biennial conventions and were key planks in the 2015 election platform.

The election of the youthful and energetic Justin Trudeau as Liberal leader in 2013 helped attract new Young Liberals. The younger Trudeau has proven as popular with Canadian youth as his father, helping the YLC recruit new members and ensuring youth concerns were included in the Liberals 2015 election platform. This popularity, coupled with the YLC's efforts, helped ensure a record youth turnout in the 2015 election, which made the difference in securing a majority government. Following the Liberals' victory, Trudeau appointed himself as his government's Minister of Youth, a move that met with approval from many Young Liberals. As part of larger reforms to the Liberal Party's internal structures beginning in 2016, the YLC's Constitution was replaced by a new Charter.

YLC has also sometimes been a source of embarrassments and scandals for the party.
 * In 1997, Jim MacLaren, president of the BC wing, misappropriated $30,000 from the federal party's coffers, and was later convicted of fraud.
 * In 1999, several drunken Young Liberal delegates attending a convention in Victoria smashed up a couple of hotel rooms. The Liberal Party was sued by the hotel and settled out of court for an undisclosed amount.
 * In 2000, Jesse Davidson, president of the Ontario wing, faced one count of fraud over $5,000 and 23 counts for allegedly drewing money from the party's bank account by forging the signature of a former treasurer. The charges were dropped in 2011 in exchange of Davidson agreeing to repay some $7,000 that he withdrew from the party's bank account.
 * In 2007, a former president of the BC wing, Erik Bornmann, was implicated by the investigation following the BC Legislature Raids, and served as a key witness in a trial that pertains to the scandal.
 * In 2015, YLC-BC President Linda Ching was discovered to be the daughter of Cheng Muyang, a fugitive wanted by Chinese authorities for graft. Cheng is believed to have helped his daughter secure the position of president. After Cheng's fugitive status became publicly known, Linda Ching quietly called an election, but did not resign.

Policy

Developing and promoting progressive policies is at the core of the YLC's mission. The YLC brings a slate of policies to every Liberal Biennial Convention, which are solicited, debated and voted on every two years in the lead-up to the convention. In many policy areas, Young Liberals have been more progressive than the party as a whole, taking a pro-same sex marriage position as early as 1994. During the Liberal governments of Jean Chrétien and Paul Martin (1993-2006), the YLC successfully pushed initiatives like the long-term commitment to Africa, the Canada Post-Secondary Education Transfer, the promotion and protection of safe-injection sites and the commitment to the Kyoto Accord. The 2005 decision of the Martin Liberal government to not enter into the American missile defence program was in part credited to the opposition of the Young Liberals.

During the Harper years (2006-2015), the YLC redoubled its focus on advocacy and highlighted the government's neglect of youth issues. In response to Conservative TV and radio attack ads, the YLC launched the "Hi.im.a.liberal.ca" initiative, a spoof of the Mac/PC ads, which garnered media attention for its novelty. In May 2010, they began a campaign in opposition to Bill C-391 and in support of the federal long gun registry. Other initiatives during this period included the "Red Revolution" campaign (focusing on "taking Canada back" by improving youth involvement in politics), the "Go Green, Vote Red" initiative (to appeal to environmentally-minded voters and promote the party's "Green Shift" program) and the "End the Crisis" campaign (to increase the admission of Middle Eastern refugees displaced by the Syrian Civil War).

Prominent former members
Many elected officials played prominent roles at the party's youth wing, including:

Current and former party leaders

 * Jean Chrétien, 21st Prime Minister of Canada (President of the Université Laval Young Liberals)
 * Christy Clark, former leader of the British Columbia Liberal Party and Premier of British Columbia (national director and president of Simon Fraser University Young Liberals)
 * Steven Del Duca, leader of the Ontario Liberal Party (President of the University of Toronto Liberals)
 * Stephen Harper, 23rd Prime Minister of Canada (a Young Liberal before joining the Conservatives)
 * Michael Ignatieff, Liberal leader (2008–2011) (National Youth Organizer)
 * Jason Kenney, leader of the United Conservative Party, Premier of Alberta (2019–2022)
 * Paul Martin, 22nd Prime Minister of Canada
 * Bob Rae, former interim Liberal leader (2011–2013)

Federal politicians

 * Scott Andrews, former MP for Avalon (YLC vice president; contested YLC's presidency)
 * Mauril Bélanger, former MP for Ottawa-Vanier and Minister of Internal Trade
 * Bardish Chagger, MP for Waterloo and Government House Leader (President of the University of Waterloo Young Liberals)
 * Arnold Chan, former MP for Scarborough-Agincourt
 * Pam Damoff, MP for Oakville North-Burlington
 * Matt DeCourcey, former MP for Fredericton
 * Ruby Dhalla, former MP for Brampton-Springdale (member of the YLC's national executive)
 * Francis Drouin, MP for Glengarry-Prescott-Russell
 * Ali Ehsassi, MP for Willowdale (President of the University of Toronto Liberals)
 * Greg Fergus, MP for Hull-Aylmer (YLC President)
 * Ralph Goodale, former MP for Regina-Wascana and cabinet minister (President of the Saskatchewan Young Liberals)
 * Karina Gould, MP for Burlington and Minister of Democratic Institutions
 * Mark Holland, MP for Ajax
 * Jean Lapierre, former MP for Shefford and Outremont and Minister of Transport
 * Steven MacKinnon, MP for Gatineau
 * Bryan May, MP for Cambridge
 * Rob Oliphant, MP for Don Valley West (President of the University of Toronto Liberals executive and member of YLC's Ontario wing in the 1970s)
 * Joe Peschisolido, former MP for Steveston-Richmond East (President of the University of Toronto Liberals and member of the YLC's National Executive in the 1980s)
 * Marcel Prud'homme, long-time Liberal MP (1964–1993) and independent senator (1993–2009) (elected YLC president in 1958)
 * Gagan Sikand, former MP for Mississauga-Streetsville
 * Anita Vandenbeld, MP for Ottawa West—Nepean
 * Borys Wrzesnewskyj, former MP for Etobicoke Centre

Provincial and municipal politicians

 * Patricia Arab, MLA for Fairview-Clayton Park and Minister or Communications and Internal Services
 * Yvan Baker, former Ontario MPP for Etobicoke Centre
 * Mitchell Brownstein, Mayor of Côte St. Luc, Quebec
 * Denis Coderre, former mayor of Montreal, MP for Bourassa and federal minister (as president of YLC's Quebec wing called for the resignation of Leader John Turner)
 * Michael Coteau, Ontario MPP for Don Valley East and Minister of Child and Youth Services (President of the Carleton Liberals)
 * Bonnie Crombie, Mayor of Mississauga and former MP for Mississauga-Streetsville (Student Director of YLC's Ontario wing)
 * Dwight Duncan, former Ontario Finance Minister (worked as aide to Herb Gray, contested the presidency of YLC's Ontario wing)
 * Cindy Lamoureux, Manitoba MLA for Burrows
 * Todd Stone, British Columbia MLA for Kamloops-South Thompson and former Minister of Transportation and Infrastructure

Notable executives
Past Presidents:
 * Greg Fergus (1994–96)

Past National Directors:
 * Christy Clark

International
The organization is a member of the International Federation of Liberal Youth, and at one time sent delegates to international gatherings of youth from Liberal parties around the world.

title: Young Liberals of Canada


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Medicine Hat College

Medicine Hat College is a public, board governed, community college serving southeastern Alberta and southwestern Saskatchewan, Canada. The college is located in the city of Medicine Hat, Alberta, and was founded in 1965. Almost 2,500 students attend the main campus; another 200 attend Brooks Campus, located 100 km west of Medicine Hat in  Brooks.

Programs
More than 40 diplomas and certificates are offered along with 25 university transfer programs, and numerous apprenticeship trades. There are also several opportunities for degree completion at MHC. Students are able to complete a bachelor's degree in nursing, education, and business, thanks to collaborative agreements with the University of Calgary and Mount Royal University, respectively. Applied degrees are offered in Applied Arts (Visual Communications) and Applied Health Science (Paramedic). Graduates from diploma programs such as Criminal Justice may also complete degrees through Athabasca University. The college offers unique diploma programs such as Addictions Counseling.

Services
Students are well served with services designed to support academic success. These include wellness, personal counseling, writing specialist, indigenous support specialist and more. The Entrepreneur Development Centre (EDC) specializes in helping students launch their own businesses.

Library
Two libraries serve the college. The Vera Bracken Library is located in the B wing on the Medicine Hat Campus and was built in 2003. There is also a library at the Brooks Campus. The libraries have 100,000 print and non-print resources, 17,000 e-books, and over 20,000 online periodicals. The college is a member of The Alberta Library, the Southern Alberta Information Network, the Canadian Library Association, and the Library Association of Alberta.

Athletics
The Medicine Hat College varsity athletic teams are known as the "Rattlers" and compete in the Alberta Colleges Athletic Conference. Sports include: basketball, volleyball, soccer, cross country, indoor track, women's ice hockey, futsal, and golf.

title: Medicine Hat College


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Murad Velshi

Murad Velshi (born April 4, 1935) is a former politician in Ontario, Canada. He was a Liberal member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1987 to 1990. He represented the riding of Don Mills in Toronto.

Politics
He ran for a seat in the Ontario legislature in the 1981 provincial election and finished a distant second in the riding of Don Mills against Progressive Conservative incumbent Dennis Timbrell. When Timbrell retired before the 1987 election, he ran again this time defeating his closest opponent by more than 2,000 votes. He served for a year as Parliamentary assistant to the Minister of Citizenship and Immigration.

The Liberals were defeated in the Ontario general election in 1990 and Velshi lost his seat to Margery Ward of the New Democratic Party of Ontario by 1,004 votes. He attempted to regain the seat in a by-election held on April 1, 1993, but finished a weak second against Progressive Conservative candidate David Johnson.

title: Murad Velshi


text:
Talk:Color blindness/Describing color blindness

 * Dispute moved from Talk:Color blindness

 * Basically your premise is wrong: no form of red-green color blindness will cause red or green to appear gray. It simply makes them harder to distinguish from each other.  For example, someone missing the red cone will have trouble detecting the addition of pure red to any other hue.  Thus blue and purple often look the same, and green, yellow, orange, and red often look the same.  A similar argument applies to people without the blue cone; adding pure blue to any other color tends to be undetectable.  In the case of green the situation is more complicated, because it is not possible to add a color that would only stimulate the green cone in a normal retina; all possible greens stimulate a lot of red and at least a little blue.  This can all be clarified by considering copunctal points (something I/we should probably cover either here or in its own article ASAP).  Some diagrams from the web:  for a deuteranope is an imaginary color far off the axis of the CIE color space.  --[[User:Chinasaur|Chinasaur] 10:29, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Your comment seems to indicate you don't understand how colour vision actually works nor what colourblindness is really about. Firstly, you seem to identify the so-called "red cone" with the perception of colour red, which is a complete misunderstanding of the functioning of colour vision. When one experiences colour white or colour yellow, there's nothing reddish in it; yet the "red cone" is being stimulated. Secondly, for a dichromat, what happens is not that red and green are "hard to distinguish from each other" as if they could see red and green but had some kind of cognitive problem identifying them; it's that the lights you see as red and green don't look ANYTHING like red and green to a dichromat. A dichromat doesn't know what red and green actually look like; those colours (the perceptions that a trichromat calls that way) are not part of a dichromat's colour experience. A dichromat has learned to use the words "red" and "green" as alternative words to call shades of what (s)he actually sees as yellow, beige, brown or grey. The following page: http://colorfilter.wickline.org/?j=1;t=p, uses a colourblind filter to simulate how a webpage appears to dichromat eyes. Enter "www.google.com" (or simply follow this link: http://colorfilter.wickline.org/?a=1;r=;l=0;j=1;u=www.google.com;t=p ) and see what happens. Can you now tell which letter is red and which letter is green? No, it's impossible to tell, and not because it's harder to distinguish red from green, but because now the letters appear only in shades of blue and yellow, there being nothing red or green to see. But a dichromat doesn't know—cannot actually know—that the colour (s)he is seeing in letter L is not actually the real colour green nor that the colour (s)he is seeing in letter E is not actually the real colour red. All (s)he can tell is that people seem to arbitrarily call what to his/her eyes appears as those yellowish-greyish insaturated colours you see in the simulation, sometimes "brown", sometimes "red", sometimes "green", sometimes "grey", without apparently any good reason even though other people seem to have no problem deciding when to use each colour name. Uaxuctum 22:41, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * No, my understanding of color vision is pretty good, at least at the photoreceptor level. We seem to be talking past each other.

 * When I say "someone missing the red cone will have trouble detecting the addition of pure red to any other hue", of course I don't mean the addition of some higher perceptual "reddishness"; that would make no sense, except perhaps through electrode/drug stimulation of higher brain areas, obviously not what I'm talking about. I'm talking about addition of power in the light spectrum that would normally stimulate only the red cone and not the green cone, i.e. pure, deep red, i.e. long wavelength light.  A lot of your points seem to agree with my main point: that "no form of red-green color blindness will cause red or green to appear gray" (as long as we understand red-green color blindness to be a congenital, photoreceptor variety, which of course we do).  Rather, lacking the red cone will cause reddish-blue (purple) to appear the same as blue, reddish-green (a higher perception non-entity but at the photoreceptor level perceptually yellow or orange) to appear the same as green, etc..  Yes, this does extend to reddish-gray appearing the same as gray, but reddish-gray is the only hue/saturation for which lacking the red cone will lead to confusion with gray.  Copunctal points, confusion lines, and isochromatic elipses on the CIE color diagram really are the best way to understand color blindness at the photoreceptor level.  Are you familiar with them?

 * You make points relevant to higher perception a lot. This seems mostly interesting to philosophers.  If you are sure of your understanding of opponent processes in color blind subjects then I accept you could get some insight into higher perception.  But in terms of just noticeable differences and basic perception, the relevant argument is at the photoreceptor level.  When you start talking about how a color blind person "sees" the world I am skeptical.  I agree that "a dichromat doesn't know what red and green actually look like" to a trichromat, but what makes you think you really know what red and green look like to a dichromat?  Other than saying that protanopia makes it difficult to distinguish reddish-x from x at the lowest levels of processing, I don't see much other discussion as biologically useful or scientifically well founded.  --Chinasaur 07:39, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * What you dismiss as "mostly interesting to philosophers" is actually the most useful and clarifying kind of information, while the discussion of what happens at the photoreceptor level is largely of little use for lay people who are just interested in understanding why colourblind people "confuse" two such different colours as red and green or what it is like to see the world through their eyes. If you only tell them about photoreceptors (which, by the way, are just the beginning of the story of the neurophysiology of colour vision), they will end up with a deep misunderstanding, let alone if you talk in the terms you've just used (identifying light spectra with the perceptions they most often prompt in a trichromat's mind, e.g. identifying long wavelength = deep red —> WRONG, the exact same light spectrum may be experienced as different colours depending on factors such as what colours surround it, and of course on whether the person is colourblind or not; a light of long wavelength is black for a deuteranope, not at all deep red). Just like what happens when you explain colour vision in similar terms instead of in terms of the perceptual colour space: people end up believing things like that yellow is "a mix of red and green", which is an unfortunately widespread misunderstanding. We know what kind of colour experience a dichromat eye produces at the mind level, because there are people who are dichromat only in one eye and have told us what difference there is between seeing the world in trichromacy and seeing it in dichromacy. And even if there weren't such kind of people, we could have inferred that information by asking dichromats how many colours they see as completely pure and cannot describe at all in terms of others, or by investigating the neuronal wiring of their retinocortex and comparing it with that of a trichromat's retinocortex. Having information from three kinds of cones enables the visual system, through a complex process of comparison involving ganglion cells, bipolar cells, cortical blobs, etc., to produce an endpoint colour signal with three layers of colour information: white-to-black, yellow-vs-blue and red-vs-green, and this is the kind of colour information that the mind of a trichromat experiences (and not at all the raw RGB-type of information that had started the processing path at the cones); while having information from only two kinds of cones produces, after all the processing, an endpoint signal with only two layers of colour information: white-to-black and yellow-vs-blue, so the red-vs-green layer is not experienced by a dichromat's mind. Now, unless we explain clearly that what happens to dichromat people is that they simply cannot experience the psychological perceptions of red and green, people won't truly understand why dichromat colourblinds cannot by the life of them "distinguish" two colours that to a trichromat appear so unmistakably different. OTOH, you're wrong, there are light spectra that a trichromat experiences as reddish or greenish but that a dichromat experiences as grey or greyish, and in fact, for deuteranopes some of them look plain black. Uaxuctum 23:14, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * I had wondered about the perceptual reports of the unilateral color blind people. I would be very interested in these case studies if you have references for them.  Again, I don't see why you are getting so burned up, hot and bothered, high and mighty, or whatever you want to call it.  We are not disagreeing about anything substantive except the relative importance of processing at the photoreceptor or opponent process levels.  Please check out the summary of our combined answers that I tried to make above.  Hopefully I did you reasonable justice, but change when you want; it's certainly not yet as simple or clear as I'd like.  From what I wrote there, you should also be able to see why I think understanding copunctal points is fundamental to understanding color blindness; would you agree that reducing photoreceptor color blindness to a loss of red-green opponent channels is not quite a complete description of the deficiency?

 * Your arguments about perceived colors and opponent processes are basically an attempt to explain to a trichromat what a dichromat "sees" at a high peceptual level, an endeavor I am fundamentally skeptical about. I've always believed that trichromats should focus on understanding which colors dichromats will confuse and why, not on trying to imagine what they see.  But if the unilateral color blindness case studies agree with your intuitive opponent process arguments then I can accept there is merit to your approach.  Meanwhile my approach is not damaged in the least; hopefully you can see why it frustrates me that you have attacked all the nit-picks of my statements without apparently considering any of the merits of my underlying argument.

 * In terms of what is more clear to layman trichromats, I don't see how saying "dichromats just don't have a psychological understanding of red and green" is helpful. This leads to questions like "what do they see", which is the kind of vagueness that spawns mistakes like the original question above assuming that dichromats perceive gray in the place of both red and green, which is clearly wrong.

 * I don't really want to get into "red and green make yellow" with you; we both know that in human vision there's a simple and important truth to this statement, but if you're determined to find fault then you're bound to make a needless mess of the discussion. I agree with you that it's important to keep our terminology straight and not conflate a color with a wavelength, etc.  Outside of the formal article though, I'm not going to qualify every statement I make; you can easily tell what I'm talking about, and if you didn't assume from the outset that I'm an ignoramus, you wouldn't have to waste your time "explaining" all my "mistakes" to me.  If I work on the article, I'll be sure to be rigorous, and I will appreciate you rigorously checking me.  I predict this may be a rare case in wikipedia history where a heated argument and general failure to communicate need not lead to an edit war, so in that sense alls well that ends well.  But in terms of further discussion, your attitude makes it a pretty unpleasant prospect.  --Chinasaur 01:09, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * What do they see? It's simple: red/green-colourblind dichromats see the world in terms of white, black, yellow and blue, with no red or green. The rainbow looks to them as a yellowish stripe below the neutral point, a thin whitish stripe around the neutral point, and a bluish stripe above the neutral point, with no red, orange, green or purple stripes. The array of light spectra that are metamers of a certain colour (so that a dichromat appears to "confuse" the colours those light spectra prompt in a trichromats' mind) varies for each case of colour blindness, but basically where a trichromat perceives a reddish or greenish colour they perceive insaturation of a usually yellowish shade, which may range from cream to brownish or greyish (some may appear black at the "red" end of the spectrum, white at the neutral point, and light bluish above the neutral point). If one presents the information about metamers in dichromacy by means of lines on the CIE chart, a lot of people won't understand anything, while they will easily when one tells them in plain terms which of the colours experienced by a trichromat look the same to a dichromat, like that a deuteranope sees deep red as black, pink as sky blue and forest green as brown, or if one offers a picture of the colours in the CIE chart as seen by a dichromat. People make a lot of fuss when they are explained colour blindness in terms of retinal cones, and usually end up with a lot of misunderstanding and confusion, while they understand the basics very easily once they compare a colourful image as seen by a trichromat and as seen by a dichromat. This is far more useful and clarifying for most people than a long discussion about photoreceptors and metamers and abstract lines on a chart which a lot of people are likely to find vague and arcane and are likely to prompt misunderstandings if a more down-to-earth explanation is not available. I'm not saying one should omit that technical side of the issue, but that an easy-to-follow explanation of what the world looks like to colour blinds in terms of what you like to dismiss as the "high perceptual level" (which is actually the intuitive, down-to-earth, easy-to-understand level because it's the level our minds work with) will be more useful for most people and should be offered first, before all the technical details underlying the phenomenon of colour blindness. Also, there is no simple and important truth in saying "red and green make yellow"; on the contrary, that statement is wrong and is the product of a widespread misunderstanding caused by explanation of colour vision in terms of retinal cones and using colour names improperly to refer to cones and to the wavelengths at their peak of sensitivity. You keep making this fundamental mistake of identifying wavelengths and cones with colours. Red and green do not make yellow at all, they make the redgreen novel binary hue of the Crane and Piantanida experiment. Yellow is an elementary percept completely independent of and impossible to define in terms of red and green, which belong to a different opponent channel. The perception of yellow is prompted mostly by an array of light spectra which stimulate both the M and S cones in an amount that surpasses the amount of stimulus of the L cone, but the presence of blue in a colour field can also prompt the perception of an amount of yellow in the adjacent colour field. Saying that "red and green make yellow" is both wrong and misleading; a more correct though incomplete statement is that "the stimulation of both the S and M cones prompts the perception of yellow". Uaxuctum 16:07, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * The percept yellow is not a mixture of pure red and pure green, it is a pure colour itself, there being nothing reddish nor greenish in yellow at all; yellow is just yellow, just like red is just red, green is just green, blue is just blue, white is just white, and black is just black. These six colours—white, black, red, yellow, green and blue—are the pure, basic, elementary percepts of human trichromatic vision, while all the other colours are perceptually mixtures of 2, 3 or 4 of these elementary percepts: orange is yellow+red, purple is red+blue, turquoise is blue+green, grey is white+black, etc. Red/green-colourblind dichromats have only two operative kinds of cones in their retinas, which allow them to make two kinds of distinctions: one dimension of lightness (white-to-black scale) determined by the intensity registered in their only short-wave receptor, and one dimension of hue (yellow-vs-blue opponency) determined by comparing the intensities registered in the long- and short-wave receptors. This means that, for them, the elementary colours are only four instead of six: white, black, yellow and blue; that's to say, the see the world in shades of white, black, grey, yellow, unsaturated yellow (beige, khaki, ochre, yellowbrown), blue and unsaturated blue (azure, navy, bluegrey). All the colours that trichromats perceive as involving the percepts red and green (red, green, purple, orange, pink, maroon, lilac, olive, chartreuse, etc.) are unknown to dichromats and their only real knowledge of those colours is limited to the words that designate them, because they lack the actual visual experience of what those words actually refer to, just like born-blind people lack the experience of seeing light even though they are aware of the word that refers to it. Trichromats, on the other hand, have two slightly different short-wave receptors, which allow them to make one further distinction by comparing their relative intensities, giving rise to an additional dimension of hue (red-vs-green opponency), which splits the yellowish band of the dichromatic spectrum into the greenish, yellowish and reddish bands of the trichromatic spectrum, enabling trichromats to experience a tridimensional colour space (with the white/black, yellow/blue and red/green axes, as shown in the NCS model). Since red/green-colourblind dichromats cannot make this distinction, they lack the experience of that additional dimension of hue and their colour space is bidimensional (with only the white/black and yellow/blue axes). However, as the article points out, dichromats are a minority within a minority, since many colourblind people are actually anomalous trichromats who do have the experience of the percepts red and green, only that many colours (especially unsaturated ones) that to a normal trichromat appear with a component of red or green do not look so to an anomalous trichromat, who requires more stimulation of the anomalous cone to experience an equivalent colour perception. Then, there is the possibility of tetrachromat women possessing two slightly different cones for what trichromats have only one, which should allow them to make a further chromatic distinction by comparing their relative intensities, expectably giving rise to an additional dimension with a pair of opponent hues unknown to trichromats (let's name them "septarine" and "octarine" after the unknown colour of magic and the fact that they are the seventh and eighth basic percepts after white, black, yellow, blue, red and green), allowing these women to experience a tetradimensional colour space with dozens of colours (like "reddish septarine", "octarinish purple", "dark greenish septarine", "yellowish octarinebrown", "blueseptarinish grey", "yellowgreenish octarine", etc.) for which there simply are no words (well, there weren't until now that I've come up with names for them ;-D) since such colours are unknown to the trichromat majority (just like red, green, light orange, reddish purple, bluish turquoise, etc. are unknown to the dichromat minority). From the point of view of a tetrachromat woman, trichromats are all colourblind since they cannot perceive any difference between colours that to her look as unmistakably different as red and green look to a trichromat (though not so to a dichromat); e.g. between a spectral yellow and a composite of spectral red and spectral green, both of which look yellow to a trichromat even though physically they are very different lights. Uaxuctum 21:17, 30 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * You've made things a little confusing by first saying that yellow is just yellow (true of our perception of yellow in higher areas due to opponent processes), and then acknowledging that yellow can be a mixture of red and green at a physical or retinal perception level. Since we're talking about retinal color blindness, the higher perceptual arguments are not really relevant, only the retina matters.  --Chinasaur 10:10, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Prove that [all] yellow is not made from red and green. Do extra cones come with extra brain wiring to understand new hues, or does the wiring just stretch the hues to make new borders? lysdexia 14:48, 22 Nov 2004 (UTC)


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Talk:Huntington Place

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Stanley Climbfall

Stanley Climbfall is the second studio album by American rock band Lifehouse. It was released on September 17, 2002, through DreamWorks Records. It was produced by Ron Aniello, the producer of the band's first record, No Name Face (2000). Supported by the singles "Spin" and "Take Me Away", the album debuted at number seven on the Billboard 200 but did not perform as well commercially as No Name Face. "Take Me Away" peaked at number 22 on Billboard's Adult Pop Songs chart. Stanley Climbfall has sold over one million copies domestically.

Critical reception
Stanley Climbfall received mixed reviews from critics, who both praised and criticized lead singer Jason Wade's songwriting and the album's repetitive sound. Billboard published a positive review of the album, with writer L. F. describing it as "as close to bullet-proof as one can get...meticulously measured and carefully designed" and Wade as a "top-shelf songwriter" with a "knack for weaving smarter-than-average lyrics into tightly constructed, instantly memorable melodies." Josh Tyrangiel of Entertainment Weekly called the album "Charming harmlessness" with "Wade us[ing] his Vedderesque baritone to dress the usual word salad of sadness, alienation, and overcoming sadness and alienation." He pinpointed "Spin", "Take Me Away", and "Out of Breath" as standout tracks on the album.

In contrast, AllMusic's Dean Carlson felt the album was "exhausting", given that several other bands had a similar sound, and felt that Aniello and Brendan O'Brien's production "transform[ed] possible sincerity into self-importance and drain[ed] the band of any real individuality."

Commercial performance
Stanley Climbfall debuted at number seven on the Billboard 200 in the United States, with 74,000 copies sold. In its second week on the ranking, it charted at number 30 with a further 26,000 copies sold. According to Nielsen SoundScan, 285,000 cumulative copies of the album were sold in the country by February 2003. Four months later, sales reached the 300,000 mark, "a definite comedown" from the band's debut album No Name Face (2000). The album's domestic commercial performance was attributed in part to a lack of promotion—the band went on tour in Europe first, at the direction of its label, to "make up" for previously only touring for a week in the territory in support of No Name Face—and the absence "of a breakout hit on the scale of 'Hanging By A Moment'". In response, Wade said that the album was "not about sales, but rather furthering his craft and maturing as an artist". In November 2009, Billboard reported that sales of the album had reached 411,000 copies in the US. It eventually surpassed 1 million sales domestically.

Personnel
Lifehouse
 * Jason Wade – vocals, guitars
 * Sergio Andrade – bass
 * Rick Woolstenhulme, Jr. – drums

Production
 * Ron Aniello – producer
 * Brendan O'Brien – mixing

title: Stanley Climbfall


text:
User talk:I Eat Glass

Doesn't your mouth hurt? → Jarlaxle Artemis   02:21, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:I Eat Glass