text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Anthony Reardon

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. - Mailer Diablo 03:31, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Anthony Reardon
Someone help me use a search engine!? The article looks real and not like a hoax at all, and yet I can't find anything on this guy. Nor the soap. Nor the girlfriend. Don't they have Intarweb down under? Rl 20:50, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. NN and Vanity.  --Randy 21:25, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I cannot find anything on the internet for a soap opera in Australia called "As The Wheel Turns". Zzyzx11 | Talk 21:30, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Not notable/possibly not real Dsmdgold 02:04, Apr 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, vanity. Megan1967 07:07, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Can't find anything about either the person or the soap. Maybe it's too new to be on the net yet? Delete as unverifiable unless evidence surfaces. Mgm|(talk) 08:33, Apr 11, 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text: Category:Fugazi albums

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Fugazi albums


text:
Psi function

Psi function can refer, in mathematics, to
 * the ordinal collapsing function $$\psi(\alpha)$$
 * the Dedekind psi function $$\psi(n)$$
 * the Chebyshev function $$\psi(x)$$
 * the polygamma function $$\psi^m(z)$$ or its special cases
 * the digamma function $$\psi(z)$$
 * the trigamma function $$\psi^1(z)$$

and in physics to
 * the quantum mechanical wave function.

title: Psi function


text:
Staritsa (town), Tver Oblast

Staritsa (Ста́рица) is a town and the administrative center of Staritsky District in Tver Oblast, Russia, located on the Volga River, 77 km from Tver, the administrative center of the oblast. Population:

It was previously known as Gorodok (until the 15th century).

History
The town was established in 1297 under the name of Gorodok (Городо́к), lit. small town). In 1365, it was moved from the more elevated right to the lower left bank of the Volga River. Since the 15th century, the town has been called Staritsa (lit. former river-bed). The name was misinterpreted by heraldists who represented on Staritsa's coat of arms an image of aged nun, which is another meaning of the Russian word "staritsa". In the 14th century, it belonged to the Principality of Zubtsov, which was eventually merged back into the Principality of Tver. In 1485 it was formally annexed by the Grand Duchy of Moscow. The Golden Age of the town began. Between 1519 and 1597 the Principality of Staritsa, subordinate to Moscow, existed with the capital in Staritsa. The principality was ruled by Ivan III's son Andrey, and then by Andrey's son Vladimir. While Ivan the Terrible had no children, Vladimir was regarded by boyars as his only heir. As the Tsar suspected Staritsa's ruler of plotting against him, Vladimir and his children were forced to take poison. The opulence of Staritsa during Vladimir's reign can be seen in the Dormition Monastery.

Limestone (called Staritsa marble) was mined in quarries near Staritsa starting from the 13th century.

In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, the area was included into Ingermanlandia Governorate (since 1710 known as Saint Petersburg Governorate), and in 1727 Novgorod Governorate split off. In 1775, Tver Viceroyalty was formed from the lands which previously belonged to Moscow and Novgorod Governorates, and the area was transferred to Tver Viceroyalty, which in 1796 was transformed to Tver Governorate. In 1775, Staritsky Uyezd was established, with the center in Staritsa. Much of the area of the district belonged to Staritsky Uyezd. The southern part of the District belonged to Zubtsovsky Uyezd, also established in 1775. On 3 March 1924, Staritsky Uyezd was abolished and split between Novotorzhsky, Rzhevsky, and Tverskoy Uyezds.

On 12 July 1929, governorates and uyezds were abolished, and Staritsky District with the administrative center in the town of Staritsa was established. It belonged to Rzhev Okrug of Western Oblast. On August 1, 1930 the okrugs were abolished, and the districts were subordinated directly to the oblast. On 29 January 1935 Kalinin Oblast was established, and Staritsky District was transferred to Kalinin Oblast. During World War II, between 12 October 1941 and 1 January 1942, the town was occupied by the German army. In 1990, Kalinin Oblast was renamed Tver Oblast.

Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Staritsa serves as the administrative center of Staritsky District. As an administrative division, it is incorporated within Staritsky District as Staritsa Urban Settlement. As a municipal division, this administrative unit also has urban settlement status and is a part of Staritsky Municipal District.

Industry
Main industries in Staritsa are a clothes factory, a flax-manufacturing factory, as well as mechanical and vegetable food factories.

Transportation
A railway connecting Torzhok and Rzhev has the Staritsa railway station, located about a dozen kilometers northeast of the town of Staritsa.

A paved road connecting Tver to Rzhev crosses the district and passes through Staritsa, where there is a bridge over the Volga. Another road connects Staritsa with Torzhok via Bernovo. There are also local roads with bus traffic originating from Staritsa.

The Volga is navigable but there is no passenger navigation.

Architecture
The town is split by the river into two parts: the larger left and the smaller right. There are numerous old abandoned limestone quarries in the town's vicinity, explaining an abundance of old limestone buildings in the town.

In the right part of a town a site of an old settlement can be clearly traced, with huge mounds and ground walls. On the opposing left bank of the river stands the Assumption Abbey, with a limestone cathedral from 1530 and a tented refectory from 1570. There are also several churches from the 18th and 19th centuries.

The cathedral of Sts. Boris and Gleb is a ponderous Neoclassical edifice erected from 1805 to 1820. It replaced a many-tented cathedral built in the 1560s by the same masters as worked on the famous St. Basil's Cathedral in Moscow. It was said that Moscow and Staritsa cathedrals were two sisters, just like the rulers of two towns, Ivan and Vladimir, were two brothers.

Staritsa contains 37 cultural heritage monuments of federal significance and additionally 121 objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local significance. The federal monuments include, in particular, the ensemble of the center of Staritsa (with Dormition Monastery) The Staritsa District museum, open in the town, concentrates on the history of the area.

Caves
Staritsa is also noted among speleologists for its 18th–19th century quarries. The quarries were created by local people, without any general plan, so they are sometimes very tangled and can be used as a smaller model for horizontal cave labyrinths. The longest quarries have a total length of passages of about 3 to 5 km. The passages are clean and dry, which is unusual for this region. A campaign is ongoing to try to have the quarries recognized as a local heritage site. In the meantime, they are gradually degrading due to lack of supervision.

title: Staritsa (town), Tver Oblast


text:
Talk:Dan the Automator

Gorillaz CD
I was under the impression that the new Gorillaz cd was being handled by Danger Mouse and not Automator Devon Rifkin 20:51, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

It's hard to tell, really, since the band all uses aliases. If you have a ref, please provide it. I honestly don't know, but the fact that the original outing had Automator involvement seems to suggest that this one would too, until it can be shown that he has dropped out of the project. Seems sensible IMO to assume his continued involvement until then. - Keith D. Tyler ¶ [ AMA ] 21:09, Apr 10, 2005 (UTC)

Here's an article here that mentions it. If you do a google search, many have mentioned the replacement. I'm going to go ahead and remove it from the discography Devon Rifkin 01:50, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Somebody's added Demon Days back. After another internet search, i'm satisfied that Danger Mouse replaced Dan as producer, and that Dan had nothing to do with the second album.I'm getting rid of it. Joseph blue 14:09, 10 February 2006 (UTC)

Article naming
Shouldn't this article be at "Dan the Automator"? I never see him credited as Nakamura. For precedent, see that Jewel Kilcher is a redirect to Jewel (singer). --DropDeadGorgias (talk) 14:53, Apr 19, 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree. Tim Ivorson 08:18, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I've always seen him referenced as Dan "The Automator" Nakamura, i.e. on the liner notes for Cornershop's When I Was Born for the 7th Time, Jon Spencer Blues Explosion's Acme, Deltron 3030, etc. Cigarette 13:29, 24 April 2006 (UTC)

Bio entry main article titles
I think the convention is rather silly. It implies that when a person becomes known by different nicknames at different points in time, we should change the main article title. For example -- using this logic, should the main article be Sean Combs, Puff Daddy, or P Diddy? Would Tupac Shakur had to be moved to 2Pac? Or Biggie Smalls, when he was known as that, eventually moved to Notorious B.I.G. when he became more famous under that name?

Keith D. Tyler ¶ [ AMA ] 05:34, May 3, 2005 (UTC)

I'm going to rewrite parts of this page a little later, specifically as they are related to his style. Samples from classical music are and have been pretty popular in even mainstream rap for a long time and science fiction themes aren't that rare either. The Automator remains, however, probably the best producer I can think of. J.S. Nelson 22:44, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

I know he was born in San Francisco, but anyone got Dan's DOB?

The Mars Volta?
This is the first I've heard of his involvement with the group. Can someone provide proof?

Cedric and Omar from the Mars Volta were guests on Handsome Boy Modeling School's White People Album. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 138.92.14.60 (talk) 21:59, 31 October 2007 (UTC)

YES Handsome Boy Modeling School, Album: White People

Song Name: A Day in the Life/Good Hygiene

Artist: A.G./Handsome Boy Modeling School/RZA/The Mars Volta/Tim Meadows

(Tim Meadows talks about etiquette and farting at the end of the song, very funny) Bambii7 (talk) 21:53, 2 September 2010 (UTC) Babmbii7

Albums added
I added 2K7 to the album list, released September 12th 2006

ive readded men with out pants to the album list > http://www.myspace.com/menwithoutpants —Preceding unsigned comment added by 217.155.170.22 (talk) 00:27, 17 February 2008 (UTC)

Other Albums?
Bombay the hard way and Bombay 2:Electric Vindaloo be added as albums, if i remember correctly they were joint collaborations between DJ Shadow and Dan82.69.83.28 (talk) 02:06, 27 May 2008 (UTC)

Nathaniel Meriwether etc
This is a pretty poor article for such an important producer. I find it odd that Lovage is never mentioned and yet this Head Automatica (which I've never heard of) is featured prominently. I guess each person travels in their own circles.

However, it is important to note the alternate personality Nathaniel Meriwether and its persistence among many projects. I have only gotten to speak to Dan as this "character" and it is rather interesting. Lovage included robes, astrological sign chains over hairy chests and a full bar on wheels. Also I noticed Dan's voice was rather high-pitched like Mike Tysons.. could this be a self-conscious thing and a reason why very little archival video or audio interviews exist of him?

This article needs TONS of work folks. I see one discussion from 08, the rest is over 3 years old (following on the heels of the last handsome boy tour)75.72.160.196 (talk) 08:10, 1 August 2008 (UTC)

Bottom of page
Why is the bottom of the page links for Gorillaz? He is probably less known for his work with Gorillaz than he is for 3030, Octagon, or Handsome Boy...71.210.185.196 (talk) 20:08, 19 June 2009 (UTC)

Cut Chemist calls Dan "The be all and end all of DJs"?
This Quote is highly suspect. Dan is not a DJ, He's a Producer. Kid Koala is the DJ on Deltron 3030. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.12.67.122 (talk) 06:06, 21 October 2010 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Dan the Automator


text:
User:Ericklind

About Me
I am a musician and writer and software programmer, located in Portland, Oregon. I am primarily a vocalist, but I also play guitar and piano. I mostly program in Microsoft languages, but thanks to the MediaWiki, I've been learning some PHP. We implemented MediaWiki as our internal documentation system and I've been running it since. I'm working on setting a up a wiki for writers to colaberate on a novel wiki style. The URL is www.wikiscribe.org, but it is not up yet. I love the idea of free software and the free flow of information and think that wikipedia is just one of the coolest things on the net.

Stylesheets
These are the stylesheets that I am using. User:Ericklind/monobook.css

title: User:Ericklind


text:
Talk:Active radar homing

is "transciever" a typo? shouldn't it be "transceiver"? (clem 20:53, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC))

Best kill propablities?
Active radar homing missiles have some of the best kill probabillities...
 * I challenge that statement. Actually I think that radar homing missiles have pretty low kill proabilites, just look at the history of AIM7 and compare it to the AIM9. While radar homers have cought up they are still not that great. The low (compared to infrared or optical sensors) resolution, resulting from small seeker diameters and long wavelength, the active nature, the current trend of reduced radar signatures and enhancements in ECM makes it comparably easy to decoy them and this won't change much in future (IMHO). But of course, you can prove me wrong with some qualified sources. - Alureiter 14:50, 7 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Active Radar homing missiles can fly a lead pursuit intercept course instead of just follow it's target, because they can measure the target's velocity and direction of movement. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 178.202.111.55 (talk) 00:08, 23 December 2012 (UTC)

 * The Sparrow was a semi-active radar homing (SARH) missile, not active, so it's performance is totally irrelevant. - BilCat (talk) 03:15, 22 November 2018 (UTC)

Two issues
Currently, the third disadvantage is listed as: These types of missiles with this mounted equipment are only effective in long range confrontations. I think this needs an explanation, because it sounds fishy to me. What distance is considered "long range?"

Also, the Vympel R-27AE employs active radar guidance and should be added to the list. 97.125.51.63 (talk) 21:37, 9 February 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Active radar homing


text:
Roman Catholic Diocese of Westminster

The Diocese of Westminster (Dioecesis Vestmonasteriensis) is a Latin archdiocese of the Catholic Church in England. The diocese consists of most of London north of the River Thames and west of the River Lea, the borough of Spelthorne (in Surrey), and the county of Hertfordshire, which lies immediately to London's north.

The diocese is led by the Archbishop of Westminster, who serves as pastor of the mother church, Westminster Cathedral, as well as the metropolitan bishop of the ecclesiastical Province of Westminster. Since the re-establishment of the English Catholic dioceses in 1850, each Archbishop of Westminster—including the incumbent, Cardinal Vincent Gerard Nichols—has been created a cardinal by the Pope in consistory, often as the only cardinal in England, and is now the 43rd of English cardinals since the 12th century. It is also customary for the Archbishop of Westminster to be elected President of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of England and Wales providing a degree of a formal direction for the other English bishops and archbishops. Though not formally a primate, he has special privileges conferred by the papal bull Si qua est. The Archbishop of Westminster has not been granted the title of Primate of England and Wales, which is sometimes applied to him, but his position has been described as that of "chief metropolitan" of the Catholic Church in England and Wales and as "similar to" that of the Archbishop of Canterbury in the Church of England (as the metropolitan bishop of the Province of Canterbury). The diocese is one of the smallest dioceses in England and Wales in geographical area, but the largest in terms of Catholic population and priests.

The suffragan sees of Westminster are the dioceses of Brentwood, East Anglia, Northampton, and Nottingham.

History
The diocese essentially covers the same region as the Church of England Diocese of London as it was before the English Reformation until 1850, adopting—like all other dioceses across England (created that year) —an alternative name (originally because of the Ecclesiastical Titles Act 1851) but based on the centuries-old divisions of the country. The diocese effectively survived the period of Catholic oppression in English history as a missionary territory established by canons accepted by Rome in 1622 as the Apostolic Vicariate of England which was in public law pronounced in England and Wales illegal as counter to the established church.

The mostly clandestine apostolic vicariate covering the country was divided so that the Apostolic Vicariate of London District formed on 30 January 1688 coinciding with a degree of freedoms. By decree of Pope Pius IX (Universalis Ecclesiae), this entity gained its elevation to the rank of a metropolitan diocese (instead of archdiocese) on 29 September 1850.

Present
On 3 April 2009, it was announced that the Archbishop of Birmingham, the Most Reverend Vincent Nichols, would become the 11th Archbishop of Westminster. Cormac Murphy-O'Connor, who was installed as tenth Archbishop of Westminster on 22 March 2000 and was elevated to the rank of cardinal-priest of the title of Santa Maria Sopra Minerva by Pope John Paul II on 21 February 2001, became archbishop emeritus. Cardinal Murphy-O'Connor had announced on 9 July 2007 that, in accordance with the age limit of 75 years prescribed for bishops in the 1983 Code of Canon Law, he had submitted his resignation to Pope Benedict XVI, but that the Pope had asked him to continue in his pastoral ministry as archbishop beyond the age limit until further provision was made, as occurred in 2009.

The archbishop is usually assisted by four auxiliary bishops, each with specific areas of responsibility within the administration of the diocese. One of the auxiliary bishops serves as chancellor and moderator of the metropolitan curia; one as vicar for the clergy; one for pastoral affairs; and one for education and formation.

The metropolitan curia and chancery offices are located at Vaughan House, outside Westminster Cathedral in central London. The diocesan seminary, Allen Hall, is located in Chelsea, West London, and (with Ushaw College) is a direct descendant of the seminary of Douai College, France.

The Diocese is a registered charity No.233699.

Vicars Apostolic of England (and Wales)

 * William Bishop (1623–1624)
 * Richard Smith (1624–1632)
 * John Leyburn (1685–1688); see below

Vicars Apostolic of London District

 * John Leyburn (1688–1702); see above
 * Bonaventure Giffard (1703–1734)
 * Benjamin Petre (1734–1758)
 * Richard Challoner (1758–1781)
 * James Robert Talbot (1781–1790)
 * John Douglass (1790–1812)
 * William Poynter (1812–1827)
 * James Yorke Bramston (1827–1836)
 * Thomas Griffiths (1836–1847)
 * Thomas Walsh (1848–1849)
 * Nicholas Wiseman (1849–1850): see below; future Cardinal

Archbishops

 * Cardinal Nicholas Wiseman (1850–1865): see above
 * Cardinal Henry Manning (1865–1892)
 * Cardinal Herbert Vaughan (1892–1903)
 * Cardinal Francis Bourne (1903–1935)
 * Cardinal Arthur Hinsley (1935–1943)
 * Cardinal Bernard Griffin (1943–1956)
 * Cardinal William Godfrey (1956–1963)
 * Cardinal John Carmel Heenan (1963–1976)
 * Cardinal Basil Hume, OSB (1976–1999)
 * Cardinal Cormac Murphy-O'Connor (2000–2009)
 * Cardinal Vincent Nichols (2009–present)

Coadjutor Vicars Apostolic

 * James Yorke Bramston (1823–1827)
 * Richard Challoner (1739–1758)
 * Robert Gradwell (1828–1833), did not succeed to see
 * Thomas Griffiths (1833–1836)
 * Henry Howard (1720), did not take effect
 * Benjamin Petre (1721–1734)
 * William Poynter (1803–1812)
 * James Robert Talbot (1759–1781)

Coadjutor Archbishops

 * George Errington (1855–1860), did not succeed to see
 * Edward Myers (1951–1956), did not succeed to see

Auxiliary Bishops

 * William Weathers (1872–1895)
 * James Laird Patterson (1880–1902)
 * Robert Brindle (1899–1901), appointed Bishop of Nottingham
 * Algernon Charles Stanley (1903–1928)
 * Patrick Fenton (1904–1918)
 * William Anthony Johnson (1906–1909)
 * Joseph Butt (1911–1938)
 * Emmanuel John Bidwell (1917–1930)
 * Edward Myers (1932-–1951), appointed Coadjutor here
 * David James Mathew (1938–1946), appointed apostolic delegate and titular archbishop
 * George Laurence Craven (1947–1967)
 * David John Cashman (1958–1965), appointed Bishop of Arundel and Brighton
 * Patrick Joseph Casey (1965–1969), appointed Bishop of Brentwood
 * Basil Butler (1966–1986)
 * Gerald Thomas Mahon (1970–1992)
 * Victor Guazzelli (1970–1996)
 * David Konstant (1977–1985), appointed Bishop of Leeds
 * Philip James Benedict Harvey (1977–1990)
 * James Joseph O'Brien (1977–2005)
 * John Patrick Crowley (1986–1992), appointed Bishop of Middlesbrough
 * Vincent Gerard Nichols (1991–2000), appointed Archbishop of Birmingham; later returned here as Archbishop; future Cardinal
 * Patrick O'Donoghue (1993–2001), appointed Bishop of Lancaster
 * Arthur Roche (2001–2002), appointed Coadjutor Bishop of Leeds
 * George Stack (2001–2011), appointed Archbishop of Cardiff, Wales
 * Bernard Longley (2003–2009), appointed Archbishop of Birmingham
 * Alan Stephen Hopes (2003–2013), appointed Bishop of East Anglia
 * John Stanley Kenneth Arnold (2005–2014), appointed Bishop of Salford
 * John Francis Sherrington (2011–present)
 * Nicholas Gilbert Erskine Hudson (2014–present)
 * John Wilson (2015–2019), appointed Archbishop of Southwark
 * Paul McAleenan (2015–present)
 * James Curry (2024–present)

Other priests of this diocese who became bishops

 * Bonaventure Giffard, appointed Vicar Apostolic of Western District in 1688; later returned here as Vicar Apostolic
 * James Smith, appointed Vicar Apostolic of Northern District in 1688
 * John Talbot Stonor, appointed Vicar Apostolic of Northern District in 1715
 * Francis Petre, appointed Coadjutor Vicar Apostolic of Northern District in 1750
 * Thomas Joseph Talbot, appointed Coadjutor Vicar Apostolic of Midland District in 1766
 * William Walton, appointed Coadjutor Vicar Apostolic of Northern District in 1770
 * Charles Berington, appointed Coadjutor Vicar Apostolic of Midland District in 1786
 * John Vertue (Virtue), appointed Bishop of Portsmouth in 1882
 * John Larkin, appointed Coadjutor Bishop of Kingston, Ontario, Canada in 1832 and Bishop of Toronto, Ontario, Canada in 1849; neither took effect; became a Jesuit in 1840
 * Charles Michael Baggs, appointed Vicar Apostolic of Western District in 1844
 * Thomas Grant, appointed Bishop of Southwark in 1851
 * John Baptist Butt, appointed auxiliary bishop of Southwark in 1884
 * Henry O'Callaghan, appointed Bishop of Hexham and New Castle in 1887
 * Peter Emmanuel Amigo, appointed Bishop of Southwark in 1904
 * Thomas Dunn, appointed Bishop of Nottingham in 1916
 * Bernard Nicholas Ward, appointed Apostolic Administrator, later Bishop, of Brentwood in 1917
 * James Donald Scanlan, appointed Coadjutor Bishop of Dunkeld, Scotland in 1946
 * Derek John Harford Worlock, appointed Bishop of Portsmouth in 1965
 * William Gordon Wheeler, appointed Coadjutor Bishop of Middlesbrough in 1964, later Bishop, of Leeds in 1966
 * Mark O'Toole, appointed Bishop of Plymouth in 2013

Liturgical and pastoral life
Liturgy in the diocese is primarily based around the ordinary form of the Roman Rite, promulgated by Pope Paul VI, now in its third edition. However, as might be expected from a city as cosmopolitan as London, there is a great diversity in the liturgy as celebrated by Catholics. The Latin Mass Society celebrates the liturgy according to the extraordinary form of the Roman Rite. The Ukrainian Greek Catholics have a strong presence in the diocese with their own cathedral in Binney Street close to Bond Street. There is a Lebanese Maronite community based at Our Lady of Sorrows Catholic Church in Cirencester Street in West London; a Melkite community in Pimlico, at St Barnabas' Church of England church; an Ethiopian Catholic church, Our Lady Queen of Heaven, in Queensway West London; an Eritrean Catholic Church, St Aidan of Lindisfarne, in East Acton; a Chaldean Catholic church, St Anne's, in Laxton Place; and a Belarusian Catholic church in Holden Avenue in North London. There are also a large number of Masses for the expatriate Polish community; as well as dedicated French, German, Italian, Portuguese and Spanish language churches. There are also ethnic chaplaincies serving Catholics from Africa, Albania, Brazil, the Caribbean, China, Croatia, the Philippines, India, Hungary, Ireland, Korea, Latin America, Lithuania, Malta, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Czechia, Slovenia, Sri Lanka, Traveller, Gypsy and Roma communities, and Vietnam.

The diocese is also responsible for many institutional chaplaincies, including Heathrow Airport, hospitals and prisons. See St. George's Interdenominational Chapel, Heathrow Airport for more information about the Heathrow Airport Latin-Church Catholic chaplaincy.

There are a large number of religious communities in the diocese. Religious orders of men include: the Assumptionists at Bethnal Green, Hitchin and Burnt Oak; the Augustinians at Hammersmith and Hoxton; the Augustinian Recollects at Kensal New Town, Kensington and Wembley; the Benedictines at Ealing Abbey and Cockfosters; the Carmelites at Finchley East; Discalced Carmelites at Kensington; the Christian Brothers at Twickenham; the missionary Columban Fathers at Hampstead; the Dominicans at Haverstock Hill; the Franciscans at Pimlico; the Franciscan Friars of the Atonement in Westminster; the Holy Ghost Fathers at New Barnett and Northwood; and the Passionists at Highgate. The Jesuits have a large presence in London with communities in Mayfair (at Farm Street), Southall, Stamford Hill, Swiss Cottage, and Wimbledon. The Oratorians are based at the Church of the Immaculate Heart of Mary in Kensington, which is popularly known as the Brompton Oratory and is the largest church in the diocese after Westminster Cathedral.

Religious communities of women include the Carmelites at Golders Green and Ware; the Poor Clares in Barnet; the Franciscan Sisters of Our Lady of Victories at the cathedral; the Ursulines of Jesus at Hoxton, Kingsland and Stamford Hill; the Dominicans at Bushey, Cricklewood, Ealing, Edgware, Harpenden, Harrow on the Hill, Haverstock Hill, Hemel Hempstead, Osterley, Stevenage and Pinner. The Institute of the BVM is located in Swiss Cottage, Acton, Osterley, Redbourn and St Albans. The Sisters of Mercy are located at the cathedral, Acton East, Bethnal Green, Bow, Clapton Park, Commercial Road, Cricklewood, Feltham, Hampton Hill, Hillingdon, Kensal, Newtown, Marylebone Road, St Albans, St John's Wood, Twickenham and Underwood Road. The Servants of the Mother of God at Bayswater, Hampton and Somers Town.

The diocese is involved in both the independent and state school sectors. Some 159 state and 10 independent primary schools are in the diocese along with 42 state and 4 independent secondary schools. There are also a further five independent primary / secondary and special schools including the Choristers school attached to the cathedral.

Music in the diocese is as diverse as the communities represented in it, but the all-male cathedral choir is reputedly one of the best in the country and sings at all chief Masses in the cathedral as well as the daily divine offices. There are several choirs that specialise in Gregorian Chant and a Charismatic group centred on the diocesan seminary at Allen Hall.

Notes and references

 * Notes

 * References

Video clips

 * Diocese of Westminster YouTube channel
 * Diocese of Westminster on Vimeo

title: Roman Catholic Diocese of Westminster


text:
User talk:01101001

Maybe I should have looked at some other User Talk pages first, to get an idea of what should be here, but, as a vague description of what I am about, I'll provide this for now, a link to my website: 01101001

Welcome
Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --HappyCamper 18:44, 25 February 2006 (UTC)
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text:
User:Ericklind/myskin.css

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text: User talk:195.93.21.72

title: User talk:195.93.21.72


text:
Talk:De Plattfööt

Untitled
Is this a vanity page? Seems to be not very big... MicahMN | Talk 20:55, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I can't vouch for whoever created the article, but the group is real and definitely notable. They appeared on TV and on the radio back when that still meant something. Rl 21:27, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:De Plattfööt


text:
Talk:Raqqa

Untitled section 2005
I wish to add the following city map Map of Raqqah but I do not own the copyright. If you have an opinion on this, let me know. Thanks. --Zelidar 20:55, 2005 Apr 10 (UTC)

"Islamic State" is not a state.
The so called "Islamic State" is not recognized as a state by any country or international entity. It is misleading to refer to Ar-Raqqah even as a de-facto part of a country called the "Islamic State" because the Islamic state is not a state or country. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.29.12.146 (talk) 23:49, 13 August 2014 (UTC)
 * I agree, and the repeated adding of ISIS to the country section by some users comes very close to vandalism, in my opinion. Wackelkopp (talk) 00:17, 17 November 2014 (UTC)

Basis for a single standard name?
I keep running into mentions of this same city with so many different spellings... WHY isn't there a single standard English language spelling for one single city in Syria that hasn't moved anytime recently? Is there any way we could agree on a standard and just impose it on every item in "what links here"? Wnt (talk) 17:17, 8 September 2014 (UTC)
 * The standard name is "Al-Raqqah". This is how it is literally transliterated from Arabic. "Ar-Raqqah" is a pronunciation of the name. In spoken Arabic, often the article "al-" is pronounced differently according to the word that it is describing. Thus instead of al-Sham, people could say "ash-Sham", or instead of al-Thawra, people could say "ath-Thawra" and the same goes for al-Raqqah. --Al Ameer (talk) 00:08, 3 June 2015 (UTC)

The capital of the Islamic State
Ar-Raqqah is de-facto the capital of the Islamic State
 * Control is mentioned in the last sentence of first paragraph of lead, but the way you are writing it as if its a real country is not right, and against consensus, so please stop. BollyJeff  |  talk  15:20, 25 September 2014 (UTC)
 * It is not mentioned in the sentence of first paragraph of lead Ar-Raqqah is de-facto the capital of the Islamic State — Preceding unsigned comment added by 105.99.81.149 (talk) 15:29, 25 September 2014 (UTC)
 * Because there is arguably no such thing. You are edit warring. You should leave the article as it was, and let consensus be reached here first before changing it. IP editor 145.129.95.114 has provided a nice compromise, let's go with that.  BollyJeff  |  talk  15:36, 25 September 2014 (UTC)

Requested move 14 December 2015

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

No consensus to move. bd2412 T 15:32, 23 December 2015 (UTC)

– There are many different transliterations for this town's Arabic name, and they are basically all correct and common, so it's upon us to take a decision. Note that I'm fine with whatever the discussion brings forth, as long as it is a conscious decision that can be consequently implemented. If all versions are equally correct, quantity of usage is an aspect. By total Google hits ar-Raqqah is clearly more common than the others with ar-Raqqa being second, al-Raqqa third and al-Raqqah only fourth. For Google books, you have about the same picture. And while the Encyclopedia Britannica uses al-Raqqah, ar-Raqqah is the preferred transliteration per GeoNames. "al" or "ar" is an indefinite article like "the" in The Hague. When transliterating Arabic, it is common to drop the article in compounds such as "Battle of Raqqa" or "Raqqa ware." It however seems, the most common form – compound or not – is simply "Raqqa", whether by by Google hits, Google Books. While simply "Raqqa" isn't outright wrong, it is a simplification, and within the article text, it is fine. I would still tend to include the indefinite article in the title wherever appropriate. So as a compromise bringing together WP:COMMONNAME, with the precision everybody expects at Wikipedia (ahem…), and consistency, I'm proposing "ar-Raqqa" for the town, the governorate, the district (and the "Newroz killing", which isn't a proper name but an artifical page title), and "Raqqa" for the compound names, such as "Battle of Raqqa" or "Raqqa ware". I'm unsure what to do with "Rakka Eyalet", as all sources seem to spell this historic name with "kk". It however seems okay to leave it as is. -- PanchoS (talk) 21:49, 14 December 2015 (UTC)
 * Al-Raqqah → ar-Raqqa
 * Al-Raqqah Governorate → ar-Raqqa Governorate
 * Al-Raqqah District → ar-Raqqa District
 * Raqqah Newroz killing → ar-Raqqa Newroz killing
 * Battle of Raqqa → Battle of Raqqa
 * Peter III of Raqqa → Peter III of Raqqa
 * Al-Raqqah Museum → Museum of Raqqa
 * Raqqa ware → Raqqa ware
 * Rakka Eyalet → Rakka Eyalet
 * As a native Arabic speaker, I can assure you that 'Al-Raqqah' is a better transliteration.Makeandtoss (talk) 10:56, 19 December 2015 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

RfC: Title Al-Raqqah is wrong - move to just Raqqa

 * The following discussion is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The name Al-Raqqah is not the most common usage (required by MOS:TITLE), nor is it basic transliteration (see WP:MOSAR), so it should be moved.

Simple google hit count estimates (when google says About 383,000 results) gives 755k for "Raqqa" -"al-Raqqa" -"al-Raqqa", and from 85k to 572k for other options. Google's estimates are pretty wild of course. Google book search gives 644 actual results (ie after tediously paging through the results until it actually runs out of real result), compared with from 107 to 334 for the other options. So unlike above, I recommend moving to just Raqqa everywhere. Batternut (talk) 13:01, 3 February 2017 (UTC)

Full googling results: Batternut (talk) 13:01, 3 February 2017 (UTC)

 * This page has been moved 6 times since 2007, never with discussion (and never to just Raqqa!) This discussion would benefit if those (non-retired) movers gave their current views or past reasons. Without decent discussion WP:BOLD is the norm... Batternut (talk) 14:32, 3 February 2017 (UTC)

 * Support move to Raqqa As PanchoS says above: 'While simply "Raqqa" isn't outright wrong, it is a simplification' and that's fine for me. In the English speaking world we don't generally keep an indefinite article ahead of a place name and I really think COMMONNAME overrides concerns about what the correct Arabic transliteration is. Chris Troutman  ( talk ) 17:13, 4 February 2017 (UTC)
 * Support Just to be clear, I don't favor removing the article "al-" as a rule, we can have that discussion elsewhere. I support the move to "Raqqa" per WP:Commonname. --Al Ameer (talk) 19:21, 4 February 2017 (UTC)
 * Support per Chris troutman, commonname takes precedence over 'correct' transliteration. Pincrete (talk) 00:55, 10 February 2017 (UTC)

OK, thanks for the comments. Proceeding now... Batternut (talk) 11:55, 10 February 2017 (UTC)

 * The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

Broken image template
In the section "Control by Syrian Democratic Forces (October 2017–present)" there's a broken image template. I've attempted to fix the issue myself and even though the image template shows up when I do the preview, it appears as a broken text once I click to publish the changes. Elishop (talk) 16:50, 31 August 2021 (UTC)
 * ✅ There was a missing bracket higher up in the page. I recommend turning on the Syntax Highlighter gadget in your Preferences in order to be able to find problems like this more easily. – Jonesey95 (talk) 21:22, 31 August 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Raqqa


text: File:Rosesarered-cover.gif

title: File:Rosesarered-cover.gif


text:
Forum Pistorium

Located most likely on the Aventine Hill, the Forum Pistorium or the forum of the bakers numbered as a forum venalium of ancient Rome. This forum is mentioned only in the Regionary Catalogues as belonging to regio XIII, placing it most likely at the southern end of the Aventine.

title: Forum Pistorium


text:
User:Ericklind/monobook.css

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title: User:Ericklind/monobook.css


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Tim Cartee

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. - Mailer Diablo 03:32, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Tim Cartee
Vanity. Zzyzx11 | Talk 21:00, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. NN & Vanity.  --Randy 21:25, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, vanity. Megan1967 07:08, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Higgins (dog)

Higgins (December 12, 1957 – November 11, 1975) was an American dog actor, one of the well-known animal actors during the 1960s and 1970s. He is most remembered for his roles in the original Benji film, and the uncredited dog from Petticoat Junction, two of the most popular roles he played during a 14-year career in show business.

Early life
In 1960, animal trainer Frank Inn found the dog at the Burbank Animal Shelter as a puppy. He was believed to be a mix of Miniature Poodle, Cocker Spaniel, and Schnauzer.

Career
Higgins's career was facilitated by Frank Inn, who also trained Arnold Ziffel (the pig) and all of the other animals used on The Beverly Hillbillies, Petticoat Junction, Green Acres, and The Waltons TV series. His on-set assistant trainers included Gerry Warshauer and Karl Miller.

As an actor, Higgins first came to national attention as the uncredited dog who played the character of "Dog" on the television sitcom Petticoat Junction for six of the show's seven seasons, from 1964 to 1970, appearing in 149 episodes. He guest-appeared on the television sitcom Green Acres with Eva Gabor in 1965 and also made a guest appearance on the television sitcom The Beverly Hillbillies. Due to his work in Petticoat Junction, Higgins received a PATSY Award in 1966 in the television category, and he was cover-featured on an issue of TV Guide magazine.

Higgins was able to convey a broad range of emotions through his facial expressions. Inn, who trained thousands of animals of many species during his lifetime, told reporters that Higgins was the smartest dog he had ever worked with and noted that during his prime years in television, he learned one new trick or routine per week and retained these routines from year to year, making it possible for him to take on increasingly varied and complex roles. Higgins's tricks included yawning and sneezing on cue.

In 1971, Higgins starred in the television film Mooch Goes to Hollywood with Zsa Zsa Gabor and Vincent Price. He came out of retirement at an estimated age of 16 to star in the 1974 feature film Benji, which became his greatest commercial success.

Friends
Higgins had a close rapport with the actor Edgar Buchanan, who played Uncle Joe Carson on Petticoat Junction. In the official cast pictures taken each year during the run of Petticoat Junction, Buchanan is shown holding or petting Higgins. Buchanan guest-starred on 17 episodes of the sitcom Green Acres, and Higgins guest-starred in two of those appearances. Buchanan and Higgins crossed paths for the last time in Benji, which was coincidentally also the last film in which both actors appeared. The two actors had an obvious fondness for one another, which is especially clear in Benji, because the movie's naturalistic pacing allowed them to interact as friends rather than requiring that Higgins perform a specific trick to which Buchanan would react.

Frank Inn and Higgins were very close in real life as well as on the job. Inn wrote a poem about the dog called My Little Brown Dog.

Family
Higgins's progeny carried on his work in a continuing series of movies and television series featuring the Benji character, beginning with For the Love of Benji in 1977, in which Higgins's daughter Benjean inherited the role of Benji after Higgins's death.

Death
Higgins died at age 17, just a month short of his 18th birthday. Inn had the dog's body cremated and saved the ashes in an urn on his mantelpiece. He then wrote a Christian poem in memory of Higgins called My Gift to Jesus. Inn died in 2002 and requested that Higgins's ashes be buried in his coffin with him. Inn is buried at Forest Lawn Memorial Park.

title: Higgins (dog)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Park Life

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was no consensus. Tony Sidaway|Talk 14:57, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Park Life
With a name like that, you'd think it to be an article about trees and birds or something. It's really a 1-sentence stub about a "Christian mission" in Stockton-on-Tees. One of millions worldwide, and only 47 hits for "Parklife Stockton-on-Tees" on Google. If kept, needs to be moved to Parklife Parklife (Stockton-on-Tees). humblefool® 21:00, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not notable.  --Randy 21:20, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Parklife, the Blur album. Megan1967 07:10, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Blur song or something. Grue 19:06, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Talk:Bonus Army

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Dreyes11. Peer reviewers: Dreyes11.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 16:05, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Armed conflict?
This has come up previously on this page, but it seems inaccurate to characterize this demonstration as an armed conflict. Would there be any objection to changing the infobox to Infobox civil conflict? Ibadibam (talk) 20:08, 21 March 2021 (UTC)
 * Seeing no objection, I have the infobox per above. Ibadibam (talk) 17:03, 20 May 2021 (UTC)

Was too much force used to dispel the protesters?
I'd like to see both sides of this question described. Most people who tell me (in New York) about the Bonus Army and MacArthur's role speak of tanks crushing unarmed men, etc. Shouldn't all these claims be sourced?

And what about counterclaims? For one thing, there seems to be a dispute over whether MacArthur did or did not receive an order from Hoover not to cross a certain boundary (foreshadowing his well-documented disputed with Truman during the Korean War).

Can we please make a neutral paragraph which balances claims that Hoover twice ordered MacArthur to do such and such vs. assertions by so-and-so that the order was never received? --Uncle Ed (talk) 13:15, 2 October 2023 (UTC)

Should the article be titled "Bonus Expeditionary Force" instead of "Bonus Army?"
Per this article, the participants used the term 'Bonus Expeditionary Force' while it was the media who used 'Bonus Army.' Might it show more respect to use the term the WWI vets used to refer to themselves as opposed to the term used by the media at the time? I'm sure it is a minor distinction, but it seems more appropriate. 'Bonus army' could be made to redirect in that case. Thoughts? I want a bear as a pet (talk) 21:25, 7 October 2023 (UTC)

Understated death count
The article states that only 2 members of the Bonus Army were killed, although I've seen the idea that a far higher number were killed be floated around. If someone could look into or correct this please do so.  Bill3602 00:58, 16 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bonus Army


text:
Monopotassium phosphate

Monopotassium phosphate (MKP) (also, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, KDP, or monobasic potassium phosphate) is the inorganic compound with the formula KH2PO4. Together with dipotassium phosphate (K2HPO4.(H2O)x) it is often used as a fertilizer, food additive, and buffering agent. The salt often cocrystallizes with the dipotassium salt as well as with phosphoric acid.

Single crystals are paraelectric at room temperature. At temperatures below -150 C, they become ferroelectric.

Structure
Monopotassium phosphate can exist in several polymorphs. At room temperature it forms paraelectric crystals with tetragonal symmetry. Upon cooling to -150 C it transforms to a ferroelectric phase of orthorhombic symmetry, and the transition temperature shifts up to -50 C when hydrogen is replaced by deuterium. Heating to 190 C changes its structure to monoclinic. When heated further, MKP decomposes, by loss of water, to potassium metaphosphate,, at 400 C.

Manufacturing
Monopotassium phosphate is produced by the action of phosphoric acid on potassium carbonate.

Applications
Fertilizer-grade MKP powder contains the equivalent of 52% and 34%, and is labeled NPK0-52-34. MKP powder is often used as a nutrient source in the greenhouse trade and in hydroponics.

As a crystal, MKP is noted for its non-linear optical properties. It is used in optical modulators and for non-linear optics such as second-harmonic generation (SHG).

Also, to be noted is KD*P, potassium dideuterium phosphate, with slightly different properties. Highly deuterated KDP is used in nonlinear frequency conversion of laser light instead of protonated (regular) KDP due to the fact that the replacement of protons with deuterons in the crystal shifts the third overtone of the strong OH molecular stretch to longer wavelengths, moving it mostly out of the range of the fundamental line at approximately 1064 nm of neodymium-based lasers. Regular KDP has absorbances at this wavelength of approximately 4.7–6.3% per cm of thickness while highly deuterated KDP has absorbances of typically less than 0.8% per cm.

Monopotassium phosphate is also used as an ingredient in sports drinks such as Gatorade and Powerade.

In medicine, monopotassium phosphate is used for phosphate substitution in hypophosphatemia.

title: Monopotassium phosphate


text:
Beauvais Cathedral

The Cathedral of Saint Peter of Beauvais (Cathédrale Saint-Pierre de Beauvais) is a Catholic church in the northern town of Beauvais, Oise, France. It is the seat of the Bishop of Beauvais, Noyon and Senlis.

The cathedral is in the Gothic style, and consists of a 13th-century choir, with an apse and seven polygonal apsidal chapels reached by an ambulatory, joined to a 16th-century transept.

It has the highest Gothic choir in the world: 48.5 m under vault. From 1569 to 1573 the cathedral of Beauvais was, with its tower of 153 m, the highest human construction of the world. Its designers had the ambition to make it the largest gothic cathedral in France ahead of Amiens. Victim of two collapses, one in the 13th century, the other in the 16th century, it remains unfinished today; only the choir and the transept have been built.

The planned nave of the cathedral was never constructed. The remnant of the previous 10th-century Romanesque cathedral, known as the Basse Œuvre ("Lower Work"), still occupies the intended site of the nave.

History
Work was begun in 1225 under count-bishop Milo of Nanteuil, with funding from his family, immediately after the third in a series of fires in the old wooden-roofed basilica, which had reconsecrated its altar only three years before the fire; the choir was completed in 1272, in two campaigns, with an interval (1232–38) owing to a funding crisis provoked by a struggle with Louis IX. The two campaigns are distinguishable by a slight shift in the axis of the work and by changes in stylistic handwriting. Under Bishop Guillaume de Grez, an extra 4.9 m was added to the height, to make it the highest-vaulted cathedral in Europe. The vaulting in the interior of the choir reaches 47.5 m in height, far surpassing the concurrently constructed Amiens Cathedral, with its 42 m nave, and making Beauvais Cathedral the tallest vault of all the Gothic Cathedrals. It is slightly taller than the nave of St Peter's Basilica in Rome at 46.2 m. A formerly often-quoted beginning date of 1247 was based on an error made by an early historian of Beauvais.

The work was interrupted in 1284 by the collapse of some of the vaulting of the recently completed choir. This collapse has been seen as a disaster that produced a failure of nerve among the French masons working in Gothic style. The collapse also marked the beginning of an age of smaller structures generally, which was associated with demographic decline, the Hundred Years' War, and with the thirteenth century.

However, large-scale Gothic design continued, and the choir was rebuilt at the same height, albeit with more columns in the chevet and choir, converting the vaulting from quadripartite vaulting to sexpartite vaulting. The transept was built from 1500 to 1548. In 1573, the fall of the 153 m (502 feet) central tower stopped work again. The tower made the church the tallest structure in the world (1569–1573). Afterwards little structural addition was made.

The choir has always been wholeheartedly admired, with Eugène Viollet-le-Duc calling the Beauvais choir "the Parthenon of French Gothic." It inspired the main administration building of Fermilab near Chicago, Illinois, which has been the world's leading high-energy physics laboratory since the 1960s. The building is now called Wilson Hall after Robert R. Wilson, its founding director and a sculptor who insisted on an uplifting aesthetic.

Its façades, especially that on the south, exhibit all the richness of the late Gothic style. The carved wooden doors of both the north and the south portals are masterpieces, respectively, of Gothic and Renaissance workmanship. The church possesses an elaborate astronomical clock in neo-Gothic taste (1866) and tapestries of the 15th and 17th centuries, but its chief artistic treasures are stained glass windows of the 13th, 14th, and 16th centuries, the most beautiful of them from the hand of Renaissance artist Engrand Le Prince, a native of Beauvais. To him also is due some of the stained glass in St-Etienne, the second church of the town, and an interesting example of the transition stage between the Gothic and the Renaissance styles.

During the Middle Ages, on January 14, the Feast of Asses was annually celebrated in Beauvais Cathedral, in commemoration of the Flight into Egypt.

Structural condition
In the race to build the tallest cathedral in the 13th century, the builders of Saint-Pierre de Beauvais pushed technology to its limits. Even though the structure was to be taller, the buttresses were made thinner in order to pass maximum light into the cathedral. In 1284, only twelve years after completion, part of the choir vault collapsed, along with a few flying buttresses. It is now believed that the collapse was caused by resonant vibrations due to high winds.

The accompanying photograph shows lateral iron supports between the flying buttresses; it is not known when these external tie rods were installed. The technology would have been available at the time of the initial construction, but the extra support might not have been considered necessary until after the collapse in 1284, or even later. In the 1960s, the tie rods were removed; the thinking was that they were ungraceful and unnecessary. However, the oscillations created by the wind became amplified, and the choir partially disassociated itself from the transept. Subsequently, the tie rods were reinstalled, but this time with rods made of steel. Since steel is less ductile than iron, the structure became more rigid, possibly causing additional fissures.

As the floor plan shows, the original design included a nave that was never built. Thus, the absence of shouldering support that would have otherwise been provided by the nave contributes to the structural weakness of the cathedral.

With the passage of time, other problems surfaced, some requiring more drastic remedies. The north transept now has four large wood-and-steel lateral trusses at different heights, installed during the 1990s to keep the transept from collapsing (see photograph below). In addition, the main floor of the transept is interrupted by a much larger brace that rises out of the floor at a 45-degree angle. This brace was installed as an emergency measure to give additional support to the pillars that, until now, have held up the tallest vault in the world.

These temporary measures will remain in place until more permanent solutions can be determined. Various studies are under way to determine with more assurance what can be done to preserve the structure. Columbia University is performing a study on a three-dimensional model constructed using laser scans of the building in an attempt to determine the weaknesses in the building and remedies.

Starting in September 2022 the French government will begin a restoration of the cathedral starting with the roof and removal of the interior supports. Part of the roof was analyzed and restored in a project starting in 2010. The analysis done on the roof included a "multidisciplinary study" of the lead tiles which made up the roof.

Interior
Several of the chapels contain medieval stained glass windows made from the 13th through to the 15th centuries. In a chapel close to the northern entrance, there is a medieval clock (14th – 15th century), possibly the oldest fully preserved and functioning mechanical clock in Europe. In its vicinity, the highly complicated Beauvais astronomical clock with moving figures was installed in 1866.

title: Beauvais Cathedral


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Lion's Head (Cape Town)

Lion's Head is a mountain in Cape Town, South Africa, between Table Mountain and Signal Hill. Lion's Head peaks at 669 m above sea level. The peak forms part of a dramatic backdrop to the city of Cape Town and is part of the Table Mountain National Park.

Surrounding
The suburbs of the city surround the peak and Signal Hill on almost all sides, but strict management by city authorities has kept development of housing off the higher ground. The area is significant to the Cape Malay community, who historically lived in the Bo-Kaap quarter close to Lion's Head.

There are a number of historic graves and shrines (kramats) of Malay leaders on the lower slopes and on Signal Hill.

History
In the 17th century the peak was known as Leeuwen Kop (Lion's Head) by the Dutch, and Signal Hill was known as Leeuwen Staart (Lion's Tail), as the shape resembles a crouching lion or a sphinx. The English in the 17th century called the peak Sugar Loaf.

In 1897 gold was discovered on Lion's Head. A company was floated and a shaft sunk to a depth of more than 30 metres. However, the grade was too low, and the mine closed in the following year. Subsequently, the shaft was filled in and a small depression is all that remains today.

Activities
Lion's Head is known for its views of both the city and the Atlantic Seaboard, and the hour-long walk to the top is particularly popular during full moon. Its slopes are also used as a launching point for paragliders.

Geology, flora and fauna
The upper part of the peak consists of flat-lying Table Mountain sandstone and the lower slopes are formed by the Cape Granite and the Malmesbury formation, which are older Precambrian rocks.

Lion's Head is covered in fynbos (indigenous Cape vegetation), with an unusually rich biodiversity that supports a variety of small animals. Three main vegetation types can be found in this relatively small area. All three of them are endemic to the city of Cape Town and can be found nowhere else. Most of Lion's Head is covered in endangered Granite Fynbos, which fades into Peninsula Shale Renosterveld (critically endangered) on the lower slopes towards Signal Hill in the north. Right on the summit of Lion's Head however, is a tiny patch of endangered Sandstone Fynbos, a different ecosystem that is also found nearby on the top of Table Mountain.

title: Lion's Head (Cape Town)


text: User talk:66.30.113.132

title: User talk:66.30.113.132


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Björn Engholm

Björn Engholm (born 9 November 1939) is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD). He was Federal Minister for Education and Science from 1981 to 1982, and in 1982 also Federal Minister for Food, Agriculture and Forests. From 1988 to 1993 he was the Minister-President of Schleswig-Holstein and from 1991 to 1993 the leader of the Social Democratic Party.

Engholm was educated at University of Hamburg. He was elected Minister-President of Schleswig-Holstein in 1988, in the wake of the Barschel affair/Waterkantgate: he had been spied on and was a victim of severe defamation (HIV infection, tax evasion, etc.) by the Barschel campaign. The Social Democrats won an impressive 54.2% (up almost 10%) and gained an absolute majority for the first time ever. Engholm served as President of the Bundesrat in 1988/89.

While Engholm was popular with the electorate, he was forced to resign as party leader and Minister-President in 1993 after discrepancies surfaced over the testimonies he gave in the Barschel affair (Schubladenaffäre, drawer affair). A party official had paid 50,000 Deutsche Mark (kept in a kitchen drawer) to the spy of the Barschel affair to keep the espionage a secret for several weeks, to reveal the scandal on election weekend with a bigger impact and then present Engholm as a victim.

He was succeeded by Rudolf Scharping as party chairman and by Heide Simonis as Minister-President.

Since 1964, Engholm has been married to painter Barbara Engholm (born 1940); they have two daughters.

title: Björn Engholm