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Charles Wycliffe Goodwin

Charles Wycliffe Goodwin (1817–1878) was an English Egyptologist, bible scholar, lawyer and judge. His last judicial position was as Acting Chief Judge of the British Supreme Court for China and Japan.

Early life
Goodwin was born on 2 April 1817 in King's Lynn, Norfolk. He studied at St Catharine's College, Cambridge and graduated, in 1838, 6th Classic and senior optime in Mathematics. He became a fellow of the College. He was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn in 1843. He lost his fellowship of St Catharine's in 1847.

Academic Interests
The first papyrus publication has been credited to Goodwin, who published for the Cambridge Antiquarian Society, one of the Papyri Graecae Magicae V, translated into English with commentary in 1853. In 1860 he wrote one of the articles in Essays and Reviews, to which he was the only lay contributor, writing alongside such great theologians as Rowland Williams and Henry Bristow Wilson.

In a speech, "The Growth and Nature of Egyptology: an inaugural lecture" by Stephen Ranulph Kingdon Glanville, Glanville said of Goodwin:

"By the time Goodwin left Cambridge, he was a first class Greek scholar, an accomplished Hebraist, and an authority on Anglo-Saxon with valuable editions of new texts to his credit. He also had a considerably knowledge of natural history, especially geology.  In London, where his practice was not large, he wrote music and art criticism; was for a time editor of Literary Gazette; was the only layman among the seven contributors to the much talked of Essays and Reviews (1860); and, because of his Greek and Hebrew scholarship, was frequently consulted by the Revisers of the New Testament.  But throughout his life, his main interest, begun when he was at school was in the elucidation of Ancient Egyptian and Coptic texts, more especially those Egyptian texts written in the cursive script called hieratic.

In London, he spent much of his time in the British Museum, copying papyri. He was in close touch with Samuel Birch, then Keeper of the Oriental Department and was constantly exchanging information by correspondence with other leading Egyptologists of his day."

Appointment as Judge in China and Japan
Goodwin was appointed Assistant Judge of the British Supreme Court for China and Japan in 1865 on the founding of the court. Sir Edmund Hornby was appointed the Chief Judge. The British Supreme Court for China and Japan exercised jurisdiction over British Subjects in China and Japan pursuant to extraterritorial rights granted under treaties with China and Japan. The Court was also an appellate court from British consular courts in China and Japan.

Goodwin served as assistant judge to Sir Edmund Hornby. Goodwin was based in Shanghai until 1874. In that year he moved to Yokohama where he was based until early 1877 when he returned to Shanghai. Goodwin became Acting Chief Judge in 1876 after Edmund Hornby retired.

Death
Goodwin died in Shanghai on 17 January 1878. He was buried in the Shanghai Cemetery in Shanghai. The Shanghai Cemetery was later renamed the Pahsienjao Cemetery (八仙桥公墓). It is now Huaihai Park (淮海公園).

A bust of Goodwin was placed as part of the memorial to Auguste-Edouard Mariette at Cairo Museum.

Works

 * Ed. and tr. The Anglo-Saxon Version of the Life of St. Guthlac, Hermit of Crowland. London, 1848. Edition of the Old English adaptation of Felix's Latin Life of St Guthlac. PDF downloads available from Google Books and Internet Archive
 * Ed. and tr. Anglo-Saxon Legends of St Andrew and St Veronica. Cambridge Antiquarian Society. Cambridge, 1851. Editions of Old English prose lives of St Andrew (Blickling Homily 19) and St Veronica (Vindicta Salvatoris). Available from Google Books here (Harvard scan) and here (Oxford scan).
 * Translation of a Fabulous Tale from an Egyptian Papyrus in the British Library
 * On Four Songs contained in an Egyptian Papyrus in the British Library
 * On Some Japanese Legends

Legal works

 * The Practice of Probate and Administration
 * The Succession Duty Act

title: Charles Wycliffe Goodwin


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People's Progressive Movement (Barbados)

The People's Progressive Movement was a political party in Barbados. It first contested national elections in 1956, when it received 1.7% of the vote, but failed to win a seat. It did not contest the 1961 elections, but returned in 1966, when it received just 0.4% of the vote, again failing to win a seat.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Lee Valley Park

Lee Valley Regional Park is a 10000 acre 26 mi long linear park, much of it green spaces, running through the northeast of Greater London, Essex and Hertfordshire. The park follows the course of the River Lea (Lee) along the Lea Valley from Ware in Hertfordshire through Essex and the north east of Greater London, through the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park to East India Docks Basin on the River Thames. The park is managed by Lee Valley Regional Park Authority and is made up of a diverse mix of countryside areas, urban green spaces, heritage sites, country parks, nature reserves and lakes and riverside trails, as well as leading sports centres covering an area of over 10000 acre. It is crossed by a number of roads and railways.

Geography
The park extends from the River Thames to Ware, Hertfordshire, through areas such as Stratford, Clapton, Tottenham, Enfield, Walthamstow, Waltham Abbey, Cheshunt, Broxbourne and Hoddesdon in an area generally known as the Lea Valley. Greater London's largest park, Lee Valley Park is more than four times the size of Richmond Park, extending beyond Greater London's borders into the neighbouring counties of Hertfordshire and Essex.

Notable parts of the park include: Myddelton House Gardens, Temple Mills, Hackney Marshes, Walthamstow Marshes, Tottenham Marshes, River Lee Country Park, Bow Creek Ecology Park and Lee Valley Reservoir Chain.

There are major reservoirs and water courses (rivers and canals) within Lee Valley Park, both to carry the river flow, and provide navigable waterways and flood relief channels.

Olympic Park
From London's Olympic bid success in summer 2005 until summer 2012, much of the southern half of the Lee Valley Park was developed to form the Olympic Park for the 2012 Summer Olympics and 2012 Summer Paralympics. Lee Valley Park was extended through the Olympic Park down to the River Thames, adding a further 2 miles (3 km) of open space.

Lee Valley Regional Park Authority owns 35% of the Olympic Park. It funds, manages and owns three venues following the London 2012 Games – Lee Valley White Water Centre in Hertfordshire, Lee Valley VeloPark and the Eton Manor hockey and tennis centres located at the northernmost end of the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park. The park is working with a range of partners including the Olympic Delivery Authority, London Development Agency and the London Thames Gateway Development Corporation to deliver a major linear park at the heart of a new urban district in the Lower Lea Valley. These venues will join the existing centres the Regional Park currently owns including Lee Valley Athletics Centre, Lee Valley Riding Centre and Lee Valley Ice Centre.

Governance
The park is governed by the Lee Valley Regional Park Authority.

Transport
London Buses route 215 serves the regional park at the entrance to Lee Valley Campsite in Sewardstone.

title: Lee Valley Park


text:
National Democratic Party (Barbados)

The National Democratic Party was a centrist political party in Barbados which had been founded in 1989 by four defecting Democratic Labour Party ministers of parliament, led by the former finance minister Richard Haynes. The party first contested national elections in 1991, when it won 6.8% of the vote, but failed to win a seat. In the 1994 elections it increased its share of the vote to 12.8% and won a single seat. However, the party did not contest any further elections.

title: National Democratic Party (Barbados)


text:
Antonio Pierce

Antonio Durran Pierce (born October 26, 1978) is an American football coach and former linebacker who is the head coach for the Las Vegas Raiders of the National Football League (NFL). He previously served as the linebackers coach for the Raiders from 2022 to 2023.

Pierce played nine seasons as a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL) and he won a Super Bowl playing with the New York Giants in the 2007 season. He played college football for the Arizona Wildcats and was signed as an undrafted free agent by the Washington Redskins, and later played for the Giants. In 2014, Pierce began his coaching career as the head coach at Long Beach Polytechnic High School and then served as an assistant coach at Arizona State University from 2018 to 2021.

Early years
Pierce played high school football at Paramount High School in Paramount, California. As a senior for the Pirates, Pierce earned All-CIF Southern Section Division 2 accolades at linebacker while also playing at the fullback position.

He then played two years of football at Mount San Antonio College in Walnut, California, before transferring to the University of Arizona. In the fall of 1997 as a sophomore, Pierce helped lead Mt. SAC to the CCCAA state title, intercepting a pass for the Mounties in the fourth quarter of a 38–35 win over San Francisco City College.

As a senior at Arizona, he had three sacks, 77 tackles (ten for losses), two forced fumbles, one interception, and one blocked kick, earning All-Pac-10 honorable mention.

Pierce was not taken in the 2001 NFL draft after his senior year because many NFL scouts considered him too undersized to play linebacker in the NFL.

Washington Redskins
The Washington Redskins signed him as an undrafted free agent in 2001. He played in all 16 games as a rookie, with only eight starts. He recorded 52 tackles, one sack, and one interception during his rookie campaign. The interception came against Jake Plummer. Over the next two seasons, Pierce played sporadically, recording only 18 and 15 tackles respectively, during the 2002 and 2003 seasons.

It was not until the 2004 season, his fourth in the league, that he played a full season, upon replacing the injured Micheal Barrow. That season, Pierce logged a career-high 114 tackles, 95 of them solo. He also had one forced fumble, one sack, and two interceptions, including a pick off Ken Dorsey returned 76 yards for a touchdown.

New York Giants
The New York Giants signed Pierce on March 3, 2005, to start at middle linebacker. He became the captain of the defense, and in 13 games, Pierce notched 100 tackles, 80 of them solo, two interceptions, and one forced fumble returned for a touchdown. His 2005 season ended early as he suffered a leg injury, against the Philadelphia Eagles, and missed the final three regular season games as well as the Giants' only postseason game, a 23–0 loss to the Carolina Panthers.

In 2006, Pierce recorded a career-high 138 tackles (109 solo), a sack, an interception, and defended eight passes. Pierce was named as a first alternate for the Pro Bowl. He was invited to play in Hawaii after Brian Urlacher suffered a toe injury in Super Bowl XLI, and withdrew from the Pro Bowl.

In the 2007 season, Pierce was a central figure in the Giants' path to their third Super Bowl title. He made a key tackle in the first half of the NFC Championship game against the Green Bay Packers, stopping running back Brandon Jackson on a screen pass on 3rd and 8, saving a touchdown and forcing the Packers to settle for a field goal instead. The Giants would go on to win in overtime.

Plaxico Burress Shooting Incident
On the early morning hours of November 9, 2008, at a night club in New York City, Plaxico Burress accidentally discharged an unlicensed gun in his pocket, injuring his thigh. No one called the police, which is required by New York law when a gunshot accident occurs. Pierce helped Burress and rushed him to a nearby hospital to tend to his injury. Pierce was then sought by the NYPD for questioning as it is against New York law not to report a shooting, which Pierce or anyone else in attendance did not do. Eventually, Pierce talked to the police and did not face charges in the incident, also reiterating he didn't have any regrets for how he handled the incident.

Pierce was released by the team on February 11, 2010.

Retirement
Following his release, Pierce announced his retirement from football on July 8, 2010. He also stated that he would then begin his career as an NFL analyst for ESPN.

High school
On February 7, 2014, Pierce was named the head coach at national powerhouse Long Beach Polytechnic High School, replacing Raul Lara, who stepped down as the head coach of the program after 13 seasons. After an 11–2 first season, the Jackrabbits struggled under Pierce, missing the playoffs for the first time in 36 years in his second season at the helm. The struggles continued in 2016 and 2017, with the program failing to reach double digit wins in both years and getting blown out in the playoffs.

Arizona State
On December 21, 2017, Pierce announced his resignation as head coach and was named linebackers coach at Arizona State University. After two seasons as the Sun Devils' linebackers coach, Pierce was promoted to co-defensive coordinator alongside Marvin Lewis. On January 20, 2021, Pierce was elevated to be the sole defensive coordinator at ASU after sharing the role with Marvin Lewis during the 2020 season. He resigned during an NCAA recruiting violation investigation prior to 2022 season. In August 2023, ASU announced a self-imposed bowl ban, hoping to lessen further penalties resulting from the ongoing investigation.

Las Vegas Raiders
In 2022, Pierce was hired by the Las Vegas Raiders as their linebackers coach under head coach Josh McDaniels.

On October 31, 2023, Pierce was named the interim head coach of the Raiders following the firing of head coach Josh McDaniels. He named Aidan O'Connell as the starting quarterback for the rest of the season on November 1, benching Jimmy Garoppolo. On November 5, 2023, Pierce made his head coaching debut against the New York Giants, for whom he had previously played. The Raiders won the game 30–6, a season high in points for the Raiders at that point

On December 14, 2023, the Raiders defeated the Los Angeles Chargers 63–21, scoring the most points in franchise history. A week later, on Christmas Day, the Raiders recorded their first win over the Kansas City Chiefs since 2020.

The Raiders were eliminated from playoff contention on New Year's Eve, following a 23–20 loss to the Indianapolis Colts.

On January 19, 2024, the Raiders officially named Pierce the 23rd head coach in franchise history.

Personal life
Pierce is married to Jocelyn and is the father of seven. He currently resides in Palos Verdes Estates, California. His father, Cleo Burrows, is from Bermuda.

Inspired by his own experiences growing up in Compton, it has become Pierce's mission to improve the quality of life for the youth in the Long Beach/Compton area. For several years, Pierce has offered a free football camp for underprivileged youths.

In 2006, Pierce became the spokesperson for Giants Academy—a program for inner city youth geared toward helping these children succeed despite obstacles in their life. He is also involved in the "Read Across America" program where he reads to children whose parents are undergoing treatment for chemical dependency at the Odyssey House in Harlem.

In 2007, Pierce received the "United Way Man of the Year" award and was honored by the Catholic Diocese for his support of the community.

Pierce was honored at the 2008 ESPY awards along with the Giants.

Plaxico Burress incident
Pierce was present when teammate Plaxico Burress negligently shot himself in the thigh at the Latin Quarter Night Club in New York City on November 28, 2008. Police say that Pierce drove Burress to the hospital and then returned home with the gun in the glove compartment of his car. The police impounded Pierce's SUV to search for blood and gunpowder residue. Burress was charged with, and ultimately pleaded guilty to, criminal possession of a weapon; however Pierce was not indicted on any charges. On August 3, 2009, Pierce was cleared of all criminal charges stemming from the incident. He was represented in the matter by notable NYC criminal defense attorney, Michael F. Bachner.

Broadcasting
Pierce served as a communications intern on The Howard Stern Show on May 7, 2008. He stated he would like to pursue a career in broadcasting after his NFL career. Near the end of the day's show he asked to stay for the remainder of the week, which Stern agreed to.

NFL
* Interim head coach

title: Antonio Pierce


text:
Honoré V, Prince of Monaco

Honoré V (Honoré Gabriel Grimaldi; 13/14 May 1778 – 2 October 1841) was Prince of Monaco and Duke of Valentinois. He was the first son of Honoré IV of Monaco and Louise d'Aumont.

Regent
Illnesses resulting from his imprisonment incapacitated Honoré IV in his later years, and following the re-establishment of the Principality in 1814, a regency was established to rule in Honoré's name. This regency was directed, first, by his brother Joseph Grimaldi, then from 1815 by his son, the Hereditary Prince Honoré, who succeeded him in 1819 as Sovereign Prince Honoré V.

Reign
A professor of the period, Victor de la Canorgue, wrote of Prince Honoré in negative terms: extravagant and fond of luxuries for himself, but miserly for others, even his own family, to whom he gave "pensions disproportionate to his means." This professor endeavored to collect accounts of the reigns of Honoré V and of his brother and successor, Prince Florestan, and to translate them from Italian to French, for the purpose of better understanding the causes of the ever-increasing anti-monarchist movements, especially in former parts of the Principality like Menton and Roquebrune-Cap-Martin. One ordinance, dated from 1815, suggested that Prince Honoré V was not only miserly but greedy, that he brought even "the benches of the parish church, which some persons had built at their own expense", under his control, for his own profit.

After his carriage was stopped by order of Napoleon, Prince Honoré V spent time talking with the emperor. After leaving, he notified the Sardinian authorities of Napoleon's return. This led to English troops being sent to Monaco, who were under command of Colonel Burke, in the service of George III. Upon seeing the troops, a guard closed the gates. This resulted in a 3-month long occupation of Monaco.

France, who were neglecting to garrison Monaco, gave up the territory to instead be a protectorate of the Kingdom of Sardinia with the treaty of Stupinigi. This also resulted in the laws of Monaco and Sardinia were assimilated, which resulted in Monaco's tobacco manufacture being closed. The loss of revenue that followed led to higher tax rates.

Gustave Saige described him as a loner who did not trust anyone, including his brother, to help him govern. He was invisible to the public. His focus was on the crippled economy of Monaco; he raised taxes and tried to restore the tobacco plant his grandfather Honoré III had founded but which had been closed by the government of Turin. He endeavored to open factories and initiate citrus farm cooperatives in order put people to work, generate production, and alleviate poverty. However, none of his efforts raised his popularity, as his measures were seen by the people as autocratic.

Child and succession
Honoré V never married. He had a son, with his mistress Félicité de Gamaches, Louis Gabriel Oscar Grimaldi, born in Paris on 9 June 1814 and died in Saint-Germain-en-Laye on 15 July 1894. Honoré's son was legitimized, but the throne nevertheless passed to Honoré's brother, Florestan.

title: Honoré V, Prince of Monaco


text:
User talk:Pjf

Message Archive

 * 7th August 2004 — 2nd April 2005

Cucumber vines
Hello!

Sorry to barge in, but do you happen to know if cucumber greens are edible? I saw that we have a common interest in edible plants, and thought I would ask. The real reason I want to know is so that I can eat them, but it could go into the cucumber article. I know that many other other cucurbits have edible greens, but I can't find anything specific to cucumbers.

Thanks — Pekinensis 21:17, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

Meetup in March
I see that you are listed as a participant in the WikiProject Melbourne. If you are a Melbourne resident I would appreciate your views on the suggested Meetup in March. Please give some indication of your interest, or otherwise, in the idea. Even a simple "No thanks" with your user name would be welcome and assist in assessing the level of support for a meetup. Thank you.. Cuddy Wifter 06:30, 28 February 2006 (UTC)

Image:Young-sowthistle.jpg
Thanks for uploading this image to Wikipedia. There is however another Wikimedia foundation project called Wikimedia Commons, a central media repository for all free media. In future, please consider creating an account and uploading media there instead. That way, all the other language Wikipedias can use them too, as well as our many sister projects. This will also allow our visitors to search for, view and use our media in one central location. Thanks again, and please continue uploading! Richard001 00:35, 5 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Perhaps you could you move this one? I move a few myself but there are thousands of them... Richard001 00:37, 10 July 2007 (UTC)

WikiProject Medicine/Dermatology task force
I wanted to know if you (or any friends of yours) are interested in dermatology, and would be willing to help me with the WikiProject Medicine/Dermatology task force? Kilbad (talk) 03:00, 18 October 2008 (UTC)

Thanks for the recording
Interesting :D Hekerui (talk) 08:41, 21 April 2010 (UTC)

 * +1. I like the high quality of your audio article. Thank you! May be some short intro/outro with music (with open license) will make your articles even better :) Listen e.g. Quipu or Nea Moni of Chios, or even more music :) Russia (part 3, History). -- Andrew Krizhanovsky (talk) 12:46, 21 April 2010 (UTC)

 * The recording was done as a birthday present for a friend, who requested it specially. I must say, I never thought of applying music, but I love the idea of it.  I'll see what I can do about producing an updated version of the article. ;) -- Pjf (talk) 17:12, 21 April 2010 (UTC)

 * The spoken entry is now updated with soothing music. -- Pjf (talk) 18:29, 21 April 2010 (UTC)

Perl training and another Melbourne meetup
Hi Paul, Hmm. I came by your userpage by way of the of the Larry Wall spoken article. I wonder if there is an opportunity for Wikimedia Australia to assist with developing some perl training material for https://github.com/mikelifeguard/MediaWiki-Bot or similar. Wikimedia Australia will be holding an AGM in Melbourne on October 9. See wmau:Meeting:2011 AGM/Melbourne for details. To be counted as a Melbournian, and possibly be included in relevant notices, you can add Category:Wikipedians in Melbourne to your userpage in addition to Category:Wikipedians in Victoria. John Vandenberg (chat) 00:58, 28 September 2011 (UTC)

Melbourne meetup
Hey all, just a reminder that there's a meetup tomorrow at 11am in North Melbourne. There are more details at the meetup page. Hope to see you tomorrow! SteveBot (talk) 04:56, 24 March 2012 (UTC)

July WMAU Melbourne Meetup
Hi, At last month's June meetup we discussed the idea of setting up a Training Course at a University of the Third Age (U3A) to be held in 2013 and named Becoming a Wikipedia editor. In order to get this course up and running we are calling for volunteers to help develop the idea, and either tutor part of the course, or provide one on one help to students in the class. All local Wikipedians are welcome to discuss this at our 11am meetup to be held this Sunday on 22 July. Please add your name to the attending list at Meetup/Melbourne 23. Food and beverages are provided. Cuddy Wifter (talk) 04:53, 13 July 2012 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Talk:Coconut

A tag has been placed on Talk:Coconut requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about a person or group of people, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is important or significant: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, such articles may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable.

If you think that the page was nominated in error, contest the nomination by clicking on the button labelled "Click here to contest this speedy deletion" in the speedy deletion tag. Doing so will take you to the talk page where you can explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. You can also visit the page's talk page directly to give your reasons, but be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be removed without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but do not hesitate to add information that is consistent with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, you can contact one of these administrators to request that the administrator userfy the page or email a copy to you. Wgracen (talk) 09:28, 20 July 2012 (UTC)

Meetup invitation: Melbourne 26
Hi there! You are cordially invited to a meetup next Sunday (6 January). Details and an attendee list are at Meetup/Melbourne 26. Hope to see you there! John Vandenberg 07:39, 27 December 2012 (UTC)

(this automated message was delivered using replace.py to all users in Victoria)

File permission problem with File:Keon park station.jpg
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ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:48, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Wikiproject Spoken Wikipedia Revival
Hello, I'm Jamesjpk. I wanted to let you know that the Wikiproject Spoken Wikipedia, has been tagged with a semi-active tag. I am messaging you about this because you are listed under the wiki-project's list of active participants. Please contribute to the WikiProject if you want to keep it alive! I hope that it becomes active again! Jamesjpk (talk) 22:25, 9 April 2017 (UTC)

Invite to Join WikiProject for Spoken Wikipedia
Sent by MediaWiki message delivery (talk) on behalf of WikiProject Spoken Wikipedia at 11:42, 16 May 2020 (UTC).

Updates to Spoken Wikipedia
Hello ! I hope this message finds you well and healthy! I am working this weekend on the Spoken Wikipedia project pages to get them in line with other projects. I just wanted to inform you in advance that some pages may be created. deleted, moved, or otherwise. If you have any questions, please feel free to post them on my talk page. Thanks, Galendalia (talk) 16:37, 23 May 2020 (UTC) WikiProject Spoken Wikipedia Coordinator

title: User talk:Pjf


text:
Peter Barton (actor)

Peter Thomas Barton (born July 19, 1956) is an American retired actor. He starred in The Powers of Matthew Star, with Louis Gossett Jr.; Burke's Law with Gene Barry; and the soap opera Sunset Beach. Named one of the 10 sexiest guys in soaps by Playgirl, Barton is probably best known as Scott Grainger on the daytime drama The Young and the Restless.

Early life
Barton is originally from Valley Stream, Long Island, New York. He is a graduate of Valley Stream North High School, where he played soccer and wrestled. He attended nearby Nassau Community College. Although accepted into St. John's University School of Medicine, he changed his mind about attending. Just before signing up for classes, he decided to pursue a career in modeling and acting.

Career
Even though Barton had no formal acting training, in 1979 he starred as Bill Miller in the short-lived NBC TV series Shirley, starring Shirley Jones, Rosanna Arquette, and Tracey Gold. The show ran for 13 episodes. NBC still had him under contract at the end of 1980, and it connected him with prominent acting coach Vincent Chase, and when the series ended, he was cast as the lead in another NBC series, The Powers of Matthew Star. He won the role over many actors, among them Tom Cruise.

In the 1980s, teen magazines were looking for the next big cover, and Barton was featured on many of them, including Tiger Beat and 16, typically in a sexy pose, shirtless. He has also appeared on many TV shows such as The Fall Guy and The Love Boat.

Barton saw his popularity dwindling by the end of 1983, and he "wanted to give up acting". However, he became involved in the burgeoning teen horror/thriller film genre, beginning with Hell Night (1981) and followed by Friday the 13th: The Final Chapter (1984). "I had just been talked into doing this movie called Hell Night, with Linda Blair. I didn't even want to do it — they had to get me drunk to convince me. So it was a miserable time, and it was a great time. I wouldn't exchange the experience of making Hell Night, even though I was petrified all the way through it. So when The Final Chapter was offered to me, I was like, 'I don't really want to do Friday the 13th.' Eventually, I only did it because of Amy Steel — she talked me into it. And I thought it was really cool because it was The Final Chapter. In my mind, I thought, 'Oh, I'll be in the last one. That's kind of cool. These things are famous.' Little did I know."

- Peter Barton

After outgrowing his ability to appear as a teenager, Barton acquired mostly television roles as an adult. In 1988, he was cast in a lead role as Dr. Scott Grainger on The Young and the Restless. After leaving the show in 1993, he starred on Burke's Law with Gene Barry and the soap opera Sunset Beach. His last acting role to date was in the 2005 film Repetition.

Personal life
On July 16, 2012, a man in Illinois named Ray Fulk died at age 71. Fulk, who had no family of his own, was a fan of Peter Barton and Barton's former Hell Night castmate, Lucan star Kevin Brophy. Despite never having met either actor, Fulk bequeathed half of his $1.3m estate to each of the actors. The story of their good fortune was featured in Episode 103 of the TLC show Suddenly Rich.

title: Peter Barton (actor)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Tartare

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. —Korath (Talk) 01:17, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)

Tartare
Delete dicdef —Wahoofive | Talk 21:43, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * keep real things. Also this has potential for expansion to cover preparation, history, and possible risks of parasitic infection. Failing that, merge somewhere. Kappa 22:09, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, this article has encyclopedic potential. However, it amounts to just a hair more than a dicdef at the moment, so i will stubbify it. Halidecyphon (talk) 22:11, Apr 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, many if not most foods are encyclopedic. Tag for expansion. Meelar (talk) 22:13, Apr 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: this is not a food, just a preparation technique. There is an article on Steak tartare. —Wahoofive | Talk 22:31, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I think it would be possible to write an encyclopedic article on the cooking technique; indeed, if anything, I would say that the various dishes should redirect there. I'm not a cooking expert, but that organization makes more sense to me than having numerous duplicate articles. Alternatively, we could redirect other tartares to steak tartare and include that it's performed on other meats there, but I prefer the first option. Meelar (talk) 23:24, Apr 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with Steak tartare (very little new info) --AYArktos 22:42, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge per Ayarkthos. Radiant_* 08:45, Apr 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I will work on expanding this tomorrow. Different types of foods are prepared tartare including steak but originally started with horsemeat. Capitalistroadster 10:24, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I have now expanded the article adding the widely accepted history based on use by the Mongols and gradual adoption by Germans where ground beef patties also became known as hamburg steak which became hamburgers in the US. No change in vote from Keep. Capitalistroadster 09:50, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep rewrite. Good job Capitalistroadster! Dave the Red (talk) 19:37, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep all things delicious. --Asriel86 23:17, Apr 10, 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Tartare


text:
Jacoby transfer

The Jacoby transfer, or simply transfers, in the card game contract bridge, is a convention in most bridge bidding systems initiated by responder following partner's notrump opening bid that forces opener to rebid in the just above that bid by responder. For example, a response in diamonds forces a rebid in hearts and a response in hearts forces a rebid in spades. Transfers are used to show a long suit, usually a major, and to ensure that opener the hand if the final contract is in the suit transferred to, preventing the opponents from seeing the cards of the stronger hand.

The use of the 2 and 2 (and often 2) responses to an opening 1NT bid as transfers is one of the most widely employed conventions in the game. Less commonly, partnerships may agree to use transfer-style bids in a variety of other situations.

History and purpose
First described in a series of articles by Olle Willner of Sweden in Bridge Tidningen in the early 1950s, transfers were popularized for English speakers in 1956 in The Bridge World article by Oswald Jacoby and have gained widespread international acceptance by duplicate and rubber bridge players alike. In the article, Jacoby gave his name to the convention as the Jacoby Transfer Bid (JTB) stating that it was an adaptation of a bid then known variously as either the 'Texas Convention' or the 'Carter Transfer' (now known as the Texas transfer).

The initial purpose of the convention was to make the notrump opener the declarer in a suit contract when his partner held a relatively weak hand with a long suit; this would make the opening lead come up to the stronger hand and such a situation is advantageous should declarer possess one or more or tenuously guarded honors. In addition, the exchange of information by the transfer bid and subsequent rebids by responder and notrump opener "is designed to help partnerships reach the right contract", i.e. their optimum contract.

In the 1990s further developments of the transfer procedures enabled them to be used to even greater effect. The use of "bouncing" and "breaking" rebids by opener offered partnerships the opportunity to find safe game and slam contracts with fewer high card points than with traditional methods.

Initial transfer bid
The transfer procedure is quite simple and is described first in response to your partner's 1NT opening bid. Since a 1NT opening bid requires a balanced hand, i.e. no more than one doubleton, it promises to have at least two cards in the desired suit: Opener can super-accept the transfer by bidding three of the major with a maximum hand containing at least four cards in that major.
 * Holding a 5-card major suit, responder would traditionally bid two, three or four of that suit depending on strength; using transfers, responder will instead bid two of the suit below the major suit
 * Partner (opener) must then bid two of the next suit up (i.e. the major suit in question)
 * Examples:
 * 1NT - 2 (i.e., "I have a 5-card heart suit, please bid my suit") - opener must rebid 2
 * 1NT - 2 (i.e., "I have a 5-card spade suit, please bid my suit.") - opener must rebid 2

An immediate disadvantage of this method is that it is incompatible with a weak take out into 2, although as with the loss of the 2 weak take-out when using Stayman, this is not generally considered a serious loss.

Subsequent standard bids
After the transfer has been completed by the 1NT opener, subsequent bids by the transfer initiator are:
 * Weak hands
 * Pass, to play a partial game in the transferred suit
 * Invitational hands
 * 2NT, giving the strong partner the option of continuing to game or playing a partial game, in either no trump or the transferred suit
 * three of the transferred suit, promising a six-card suit
 * Game strength hands
 * New suit, showing 5-4 or 5-5 and game forcing
 * 3NT, allowing opener a choice of 3NT or four of the major
 * four in the transferred suit, to play promising a six-card suit

Non-standard but common subsequent bids
Since a 2 response is no longer required for a weak take-out into spades, it is often used in other ways:
 * In SAYC, the 2 response is used to sign off in either minor at the 3-level. It forces opener to bid 3:
 * 1NT - 2 - 3 - Pass with a weak hand with at least six clubs.
 * 1NT - 2 - 3 - 3 with a weak hand with at least six diamonds.
 * Simple use of the 2 response is to split the traditional 2NT response in a precise HCP way e.g. for Acol (1NT = 12-14 HCP):
 * 1NT - 2 = I have a balanced hand and exactly 11 HCP
 * 1NT - 2NT = I have a balanced hand and exactly 12 HCP
 * This has been further refined to include the use of the 2 bid as a means of transferring into a minor suit, thus for Acol:
 * 1NT - 2 = I may have 11 HCP or I may have a long minor suit. Opener rebids:
 * 2NT with a weak hand (i.e. 12 HCP) - partner then chooses between passing or bidding a minor suit.
 * 3 with a strong hand (14 HCP) - partner then chooses between 3NT, passing or bidding diamonds.
 * 2 may also be used as a Baron range enquiry, to find whether opener is minimum or maximum, if responder has 11-12 points (looking for game in NT) or 17-20 points (looking for slam in NT or a minor)
 * An alternative method of minor suit transfers is to use 2 as a transfer to clubs and 3 (or 2NT) as a transfer to diamonds.

Modern additions to transfer procedures
Although part of the early writings on transfers in the 1950s, "bouncing" and "breaking" have only become widespread in the UK since the 1990s. As promulgated by Paul Mendelson, they are: With these two devices (bouncing and breaking) it is possible to discover, at very little risk, games that would otherwise be missed.
 * Bouncing (also known as bypassing). Following the standard initiation of a transfer sequence (e.g. 1NT - 2 - ?).
 * Opener rebids 3 with a maximum point count (14 with Acol) and 4-card support for hearts.
 * With all other hands, opener rebids 2.
 * Breaking. Following the same initial sequence of 1NT - 2 - ?:
 * Opener rebids three of an unexpected suit (3) to show maximum points (14 with Acol) and a poor doubleton (xx) in the bid suit (e.g. diamonds)

Using transfers in other NT situations
Transfers work well following other notrump bids. A common usage follows an opening bid of 2NT where a weak take-out into three of a major becomes a possibility whereas with traditional methods such a bid would be forcing.

Transfers following a double
Following a double (i.e. partner opens 1NT and intervening opponent doubles), there are two options in fairly common use: (Note: some partnerships use a "forcing pass" by the partner of the 1NT opener. The 1NT opener is then obliged to redouble. The partner of the 1NT opener may then pass the redouble with a good hand and 1NT redoubled is judged to be makeable, or with a poor hand initiate bidding 4-card suits up-the-line until at least at 4-3 suit fit is found).
 * Transfers and Stayman become inoperative, i.e. all 2-level bids are for take-out. This has the advantage of simplicity but the disadvantage that the stronger hand becomes dummy with a resultant offering of information to opponents, though conversely responder's hand which could have a wide range of possible strengths is completely concealed from opponents.
 * All 2-level bids become transfers according to this scheme (known as "exit transfers" in some quarters):
 * redouble transfers to 2.
 * 2 transfers to 2.
 * 2 transfers to 2.
 * 2 transfers to 2.
 * 2 (Acol - I have 11 HCP) transfers to NT at the appropriate level.
 * 2NT (Acol - I have 12 HCP)

Transfers following an intervening bid
Standard bidding in most systems is that all responses following a natural suit overcall are themselves natural bids ("double" may be used for take-out). An alternative is that such responses, including "double", act as transfers. For example, following a 1NT opening and a 2 overcall:
 * double ... transfer to hearts
 * 2 ... transfer to spades
 * 2 ... transfer to clubs

title: Jacoby transfer


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/ANTON

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was speedy delete (four times). —Korath (Talk) 01:16, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)

ANTON
Non-notable deity. POV. Eric119 21:44, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Hoax, more like. Delete —Wahoofive | Talk 21:46, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Not a complete hoax Google search for Anton + "one true God of All" returns this, (an advert for a novel about a vampire by one Libby Hodges) delete, not-notable Dsmdgold 22:21, Apr 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, bordering on nonsense. Megan1967 06:39, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * reverted edit by User:Anton in which he deleted all previous comments and replaced with a bunch of weblinks. If you want to contribute to the conversation, Anton, do it without blanking anyone else's comments. —Wahoofive | Talk 05:45, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * reverted vandalism, this time by User:64.12.116.7. —Wahoofive | Talk 07:04, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/ANTON


text:
Sambalpur district

Sambalpur District is a district in the western part of state of Odisha, India. The historic city of Sambalpur is the district headquarters.

The district is located in the Mahanadi River basin. It has a total area of 6702 sqkm, of which almost 60% of the district is covered in dense forest. The district is bounded by Deogarh District to the east, Bargarh and Jharsuguda districts to the west, Sundergarh District to the north, and Subarnapur and Angul districts in the south.

Sambalpur City is the connecting city between Chhattisgarh and Odisha. Whereas it used to be known for its importance as a diamond trading centre, nowadays it is mainly known for its textiles, especially the Sambalpuri Saree.

History
In Lasa near Kuchinda, a stone celt was found dating back to the Paleolithic period. Proto-historic writing was found in a cave in nearby Jharsuguda district.

The region was most likely in the pre-Maghadan empire of Mahapadmananda. However there is no mention of the territory in Mauryan inscriptions, so it is unknown whether the Mauryans controlled this region or not. After the collapse of the Mauryan empire, This region ruled by the Chedis.It was most likely part of Kharavela's empire. Sambalpur is mentioned in the book of Ptolemy (2nd century) as Sambalaka on the river Manada (the Mahanadi River), and by the Romans for their export of numerous diamonds, which were mined in the Mahanadi until the early 17th century. After Kharevala, the Megha dynasty ruled the region.Then become part of Dakhina Koshala In the 4th century CE, the Allahabad inscription records Samudra Gupta defeated Mahendra of Kosala, corresponding roughly to present day Chhattisgarh plains and western Odisha. Although not annexed to the Gupta empire, Kosala remained within Gupta spheres of influence evidenced by presence of Gupta coins in the region.

Padmasambhava, one of the main early scholars of Tibetan Buddhism, was said to be the son of the king of Sambhal of Oddiyana. Almost most historians see this area as the Swat Valley, some cite literary and archaeological evidence to associate Oddiyana with modern-day Odisha. There is evidence to suggest Sambalpur was a centre of Tantric philosophy.

In the 6th century, the Sarabhpuriyas from Sarabha (now identified as Sirpur in Chhattisgarh) came to prominence. Their territory included present-day Sambalpur district, as well as parts of Kalahandi. They were succeeded by the Panduvamshis, whose king, Tivaradeva, tried to expand east of Kosala into Utkala, now coastal Odisha. Although he failed, he kept control of Kosala. In the last decades of the 9th century, the Somavamshis ruled over present-day Kosala. Janamejaya I expanded his domain south and east, and defeated the Kalachuris. His son Yayati was blocked by the Kalachuris when attempting to expand into the north and west of Kosala. The Somavamshis were defeated during Rajendra Chola's northern expedition. In the chaos that followed, Yayati II stabilized the kingdom, which corresponded to modern Odisha. His son beat off Kalachuri invasions during his reign, but the kingdom soon collapsed. Kosala fell into Telugu Choda hands, who had aided a rival king who defeated the Somvamshis. The Telugu Chodas were soon driven out by the Kalachuris. The Kalachuris soon began a long struggle with the Eastern Ganga dynasty, which ended 100 years after when the Gangas drove the Kalachuris out around 1211.After Eastern Ganga dynasty, this area ruled by mighty Gajapati Empire.Under Kapilendra Deva, Gajapatis became an empire stretching from the lower Ganga in the north to the Kaveri in the south.But,continued aggression of the Bengal sultanate from the north and Vijayanagara and Bahmani empires from the south weakened Gajapati empire ,Ultimately Balarama Deva, a Chauhan Rajput from North India founded Chauhan rule in western Orissa.The Chauhans continued ruling independently until the mid 18th century. The rulers then were weak, and real power rested in the diwans. Akbar Ray was the most powerful of these diwans. Ray soon took Sambalpur by force, and antagonised the Marathas of Nagpur. However he was soon overthrown by Jayant Singh in 1781. However, the state faced constant attack by the Marathas of Nagpur, who attempted to subdue the kingdom by force. Eventually, in 1800, they conquered the kingdom and placed a governor there and imprisoned the Chauhans in Chandrapur. During the Second Anglo-Maratha War in 1804, Sambalpur fell into British hands. However these territories were returned to the Marathas in 1806. After the Third Anglo-Maratha war in 1817, Sambalpur became officially British territory and the Chauhans were restored to the throne. However they lacked the former authority over their feudal lords which they had before.

In 1827, the king Maharaja Sai died and his widow was placed on the throne. Incensed by the breach of custom of letting a woman rule, many of the Gond and Binjhal landlords, threatened by caste Hindu favourites of the rani, supported a rival claimant Surendra Sai. The insurgency lasted for a long time until British troops defeated the insurgents. The British then deposed the rani and placed a distant descendant on the throne.

When Sambalpur's ruler died without a direct male heir in 1849, the British seized the state under the doctrine of lapse. During the 1857 rebellion, mutineers stationed in Sambalpur broke Surendra Sai and his companions out of jail, and they soon raised an army against the British. While initially he simply wanted his and his brother's sentences commuted, when the British proposed harsher punishments and began closely guarding him, he escaped to where his brother had gathered 2000 men. Many of the principal zamindars were mustering their paiks against the British. However, the British came down with troops from Nagpur, the Madras Presidency and Chota Nagpur. They defeated the insurgents in open country and by February 1858 had taken back most of the district, but the insurgents were able to use the dense jungles and difficult terrain to their advantage. By 1861, the British adopted a more conciliatory approach to surrendering rebels, and finally in 1862 Surendra Sai surrendered. However the insurgency still continued and in 1864, Surendra Sai was arrested and his brothers too. They were all put in prison, where they died. Today Surendra Sai and his rebels are honoured as freedom fighters.

It was attached to the British Bengal Presidency, but was transferred to the Central Provinces in 1862. The district was transferred back to Bengal in 1905, but the subdivisions of Phuljhar and Chandarpur-Padampur remained with the Central Provinces. Bengal's Odisha division became part of the new province of Bihar and Orissa in 1912, and in 1936 became the separate province of Odisha. In 1890, the British replaced Odia with Hindi as the language of administration. Beginning in Sambalpur and spreading throughout the state, the Odia language agitation forced the British to back down.

Sambalpur had its own contributions to the freedom struggle such as Chandra Shankar Behera, Nilakantha Das, Kastaram Tanti, who propagated ideals of freedom struggle among the people.

After Indian Independence in 1947, Odisha became an Indian state. Earlier Sambalpur District included also the districts of Bargarh, Jharsuguda and Debagarh. which was subsequently divided into four separate districts. Bargarh was separated in 1993, and Jharsuguda and Debagarh districts were separated in 1994.

It is currently a part of the Red Corridor.

Asta Sambhus
In the district of Sambalpur a large numbers of Shiva temples were built during the Chauhan period.

Economy
The economy of Sambalpur District is basically dependent on agriculture and secondly on forests. Forests play an important role in the economy in terms of contribution to revenue, Domestic Product as well as dependence of people for livelihood. The people living adjacent to the reserved forests of Sambalpur Forest Division are heavily dependent on these forests. In the past Sambalpur has been a great centre of diamond trade. Kendu leaf (Diospyros Melanoxylon) is also produced in Sambalpur. Kendu leaf is one of the most important non-wood forest products of Sambalpur and is also called as green gold of Odisha. Lately industrialisation has started in the district and the prime industries of power, alumina and steel have been established. The place is famous for its globally renowned textile bounded patterns and fabrics locally known as Baandha. Sambalpur is famous for its Hand loom textile works. Popularly known as Sambalpuri Textile. It has earned international fame for its unique pattern, design and texture. Apart from textiles, Samabalpur has a rich tribal heritage and fabulous forestlands.

In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Sambalpur one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). It is one of the 19 districts in Odisha currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).

Demographics
According to the 2011 census Sambalpur district has a population of 1,041,099, roughly equal to the nation of Cyprus or the US state of Rhode Island. This gives it a ranking of 433rd in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 158 PD/sqkm. Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 11.63%. Sambalpur has a sex ratio of 973 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 76.91%. 29.59% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 18.43% and 34.12% of the population respectively.

Languages
At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 52.41% speak Odia, 26.38% Sambalpuri, 4.98% Kisan, 3.98% Hindi, 3.88% Mundari, 1.85% Sadri and 1.49% Kharia as their mother tongue.

Tourism
Samaleswari, the presiding deity of this region is enshrined at Samlei Gudi on the bank of Mahanadi River. The other temple of importance is the Budharaja Temple, dedicated to Shiva and is perched atop the Budharaja hill. These temples are located at a few kilometres' distance from Sambalpur. The Hirakud Dam, the longest earthen dam of the world, is some 15 kilometres from Sambalpur.

Notable people

 * Veer Surendra Sai: First Freedom fighter of Odisha, Sambalpur royal family member
 * Gangadhar Meher: Famous poet of Odisha
 * Shradhakar Supakar: Social Activist, Politician and Writer, MLA of Sambalpur, Member Of Rajya sabha
 * Bhima Bhoi: Famous blind Poet, Santha Kabi and Reformer
 * Pramod Kumar Mishra: Principal Secretary to P.M, one of the Strongest IAS Officers in India
 * Krupasindhu Bhoi: Member Of Parliament, Sambalpur Constituency
 * Sarat Pujari: Veteran Actor in Odia Film Industry
 * Suresh Pujari: Member Of Parliament, Bargarh Constituency
 * Shriyanka Sadangi: Indian sports shooter
 * Lochana Munda: India international footballer

Vidhan sabha constituencies
The following is the 4 Vidhan sabha constituencies of Sambalpur district and the elected members of that area

title: Sambalpur district


text:
Paul Müller

Paul Müller may refer to:

 * Paul Muller (actor) (1923–2016), Swiss actor
 * Paul Müller (biologist) (1941–2010), German biologist
 * Paul Müller (gymnast) (born 1946), Swiss Olympic gymnast
 * Paul Müller (ice hockey) (1886–1974), Swiss ice hockey player
 * Paul Hermann Müller (1899–1965), Swiss chemist
 * Paul J. Mueller (1892–1964), United States Army officer
 * Paul Milford Muller (1937–2013), American engineer and businessman
 * Paul O. Müller, German physicist
 * Paul Mueller, alleged early 20th century serial killer responsible for between 40 and 100 deaths in the United States and Germany
 * Paul Heinrich Theodor Müller, German member of the SS at Auschwitz concentration camp

title: Paul Müller


text:
757

757 may refer to:

 * Boeing 757, a narrow-body airliner
 * AD 757, a year
 * 757 BC, a year
 * 757 (number), a number
 * Area code 757, a North American telephone dialling code
 * "757", a song by 100 gecs from 10,000 gecs

title: 757


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sons of california

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Mackensen (talk) 04:27, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Sons of california
Delete as non-notable. Wikipedia is not a lyrics archive, and information about all college fight songs, including Berkley's, is already available at fight song. If there is a consensus to keep the article, it needs to be moved to Sons of California. --Halidecyphon 21:46, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: This was apparently either never listed on vfd or removed out of process, so I'm bringing it to today's page for resolution. —Korath (Talk) 00:49, Apr 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, wikipedia is not a lyrics database. Megan1967 08:38, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, as a Berkeley alumnus, I never found the song to be that interesting (it's kind of corny) and Wikipedia is not a lyrics database! --Coolcaesar 18:34, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm also a Cal alum. Redirect to fight song.  RickK 23:10, Apr 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Ascaridida

The order Ascaridida includes several families of parasitic roundworms with three "lips" on the anterior end. They were formerly placed in the subclass Rhabditia by some, but morphological and DNA sequence data rather unequivocally assign them to the Spiruria. The Oxyurida and Rhigonematida are occasionally placed in the Ascaridida as superfamily Oxyuroidea, but while they seem indeed to be Spiruria, they are not as close to Ascaris as such a treatment would place them. These "worms" contain a number of important parasites of humans and domestic animals.

Important families include:
 * The Anisakidae are also called the "marine mammal ascarids". The larvae of these worms cause anisakiasis when ingested by humans in raw or insufficiently cooked fish, but do not reproduce in humans.
 * The Ascarididae include the giant intestinal roundworms (Ascaris spp.).
 * The Cosmocercidae include taxa that parasitize certain amphibians.
 * The Toxocaridae include parasites of canids, felids, and raccoons, but can unsuccessfully parasitize humans and cause visceral larva migrans.
 * The Ascaridiidae include roundworms of birds.

These all belong in the superfamily Ascaridoidea.

title: Ascaridida


text:
Convergent synthesis

In chemistry a convergent synthesis is a strategy that aims to improve the efficiency of multistep synthesis, most often in organic synthesis. In this type of synthesis several individual pieces of a complex molecule are synthesized in stage one, and then in stage two these pieces are combined to form the final product. In linear synthesis the overall yield quickly drops with each reaction step:

 * A → B → C → D

Suppose the yield is 50% for each reaction; the overall yield of D is only 12.5% from A.

In a convergent synthesis

 * A → B (50%)
 * C → D (50%)
 * B + D → E (25%)

the overall yield of E (25%) looks much better. Convergent synthesis is applied in the synthesis of complex molecules and involves fragment coupling and independent synthesis. This technique is more useful if the compound is large and symmetric, where at least two aspects of the molecule can be formed separately and still come together.

Examples:
 * Convergent synthesis is encountered in dendrimer synthesis where branches (with the number of generations preset) are connected to the central core.
 * Proteins of up to 300 amino acids are produced by a convergent approach using chemical ligation.
 * An example of its use in total synthesis is the final step (photochemical [2+2]cycloaddition) towards the compound biyouyanagin A:
 * [[Image:BiyouyanaginATotalSynthesis.png|400px|Final step in total synthesis of Biyouyanagin A with acetonaphthone photosensitizer]]

title: Convergent synthesis


text: Category:Malawian politicians

title: Category:Malawian politicians


text:
Bangor and Aroostook Railroad

The Bangor and Aroostook Railroad was a United States railroad company that brought rail service to Aroostook County in northern Maine. Brightly-painted BAR boxcars attracted national attention in the 1950s. First-generation diesel locomotives operated on BAR until they were museum pieces. The economic downturn of the 1980s, coupled with the departure of heavy industry from northern Maine, forced the railroad to seek a buyer and end operations in 2003. It was succeeded by the Montreal, Maine and Atlantic Railway.

History
The company was incorporated in 1891 to combine the lines of the former Bangor and Piscataquis Railroad and the Bangor and Katahdin Iron Works Railway. It was based in Bangor and lines extended from there to Oakfield and Houlton in 1894. The line was extended from Houlton to Fort Fairfield and Caribou in 1895. A parallel branch line was extended from Oakfield to Ashland in 1896. A branch was built from Caribou to Limestone in 1897, and the main line extended from Caribou to Van Buren in 1899. The Ashland Branch was extended to Fort Kent in 1902. A southern extension was completed in 1905 through Northern Maine Junction to Searsport on Penobscot Bay. The Medford Cutoff from Packard to South Lagrange was completed in 1907, and a branch was built from Millinocket to a new paper mill in East Millinocket. Rails were extended up the Maine side of the Saint John River from Van Buren through Madawaska and Fort Kent to St. Francis in 1910; and Mapleton was connected to Stockholm and Presque Isle on the main line, and to Squa Pan on the Ashland branch. An international bridge was constructed over the Saint John River between Van Buren and St. Leonard, NB in 1915 to connect with the Canadian Pacific Railway and National Transcontinental Railway (later merged into the Canadian National Railway).

BAR began hauling potatoes in heated boxcars in 1895. Potatoes provided a stable income source through the great depression, and provided 50% of the railroad's revenue following World War II. BAR had the second-largest United States railroad-owned reefer fleet (after Santa Fe) during the 1950s. BAR made an arrangement with Pacific Fruit Express whereby PFE reefers shipped Maine potatoes during winter months and BAR reefers carried California produce during the summer and autumn. While potatoes started moving by truck following completion of the Interstate Highway System into northern Maine in the 1960s, what actually resulted in the railroad losing its potato business forever was the Penn Central Transportation Company (PC), whose interchange service became so bad during the winter of 1969–70 that a large portion of the 1969 potato crop was spoiled by freezing when car heaters ran out of fuel. The claims process against PC was not resolved prior to PC's bankruptcy declaration the following June. As a result, several potato farms went out of business; those that survived distrusted rail service and never returned to using the railroad.

Inbound chemicals and outbound paper from mills on the Penobscot River at Millinocket and East Millinocket were major revenue sources for the BAR from 1900. Another paper mill was built in Madawaska in 1925. Pulpwood and wood chip shipment to the paper mills became increasingly important as potato loadings declined. The remote port facilities at Searsport were a preferred loading point for ammunition during World War II, and BAR transported heating coal and aircraft fuel to Loring AFB for Strategic Air Command bombers through the Cold War. BAR painted 2,500 boxcars in the red, white and blue colors of the US flag during the 1950s. A less-expensive oxide red paint scheme with large white reporting marks was adopted during the Vietnam War.

The line from Brownville Junction to Katahdin Iron Works was abandoned in 1922, but the rails remained in place until 1933.

Passenger operations
Into the 1950s, the Bangor and Aroostook operated an afternoon train, the Aroostook Flyer, on the company's mainline from Bangor (where a connection could be made from the Boston & Maine's Penobscot from Boston ), to Brownville, Sherman, Oakfield, Presque Isle, Caribou and concluding in Van Buren (opposite St. Leonard in New Brunswick). A morning train making local stops, the Potatoland, ran from Bangor, using the same route, but after Van Buren continued west to St. Francis.

Service (#9 north/#12 south, and also scheduled to meet the Penobscot) operated from Bangor to Derby, leaving the main route heading west to Greenville, whereupon it joined Canadian Pacific trackage to Megantic, Quebec on Lac Mégantic. Greenville served as a transfer point for connecting with east-west Atlantic Limited and other Canadian Pacific Railway service from Montreal to Saint John, New Brunswick, via Sherbrooke, Quebec. The company also offered service on an interior branch from Oakfield directly north to Fort Kent, a stop on the route to St. Francis.

Postwar
BAR passenger train service ended in 1961. Bus service, which began in 1936, continued with buses lettered for Bangor and Aroostook running on Greyhound Lines schedules between Aroostook County and New York City's Port Authority Bus Terminal until 1984. The Greenville branch was dismantled from 1962 to 1964. Several Aroostook County segments were abandoned when potato traffic disappeared in the 1970s.

BAR merged with the Punta Alegre Sugar and Railroad Company to form Bangor Punta in 1964.

Decline and sale
In 1995, the BAR was acquired by Iron Road Railways. In 2002, the company was declared bankrupt; the next year its lines were sold to Rail World, which initially incorporated them into its newly-formed Montreal, Maine & Atlantic Railway subsidiary. In 2010, the 133 mi of track from Millinocket north to the Canada–US border were sold to the state of Maine for $20 million to be operated by Irving Oil's Maine Northern Railway. MM&A kept the line from the Millinocket paper mills south to Searsport; after its 2013 Lac-Mégantic derailment and bankruptcy, the line was sold to the Fortress Investment Group as the Central Maine and Quebec Railway (CMQ). In 2019 it was sold by CMQ to Canadian Pacific, as part of expanding its rail service into New England and the Maritime Provinces.

Rolling stock

The Bangor and Aroostook rostered some 150 different steam locomotives over its history. Most were built by the Manchester Locomotive Works or the American Locomotive Company (ALCO), which absorbed Manchester in 1901. The most popular type was the 4-6-0, with nearly 60. Diesels began arriving in the late 1940s; general purpose types such as the EMD GP7 and EMD GP38 were common. Unusually, the BAR also rostered eight EMD BL2 "branch line" locomotives, precursors to EMD's GPs. Many first-generation diesels remained in operation on the BAR until they were museum pieces. In the 1950s its red, white, and blue boxcars attracted national attention.

title: Bangor and Aroostook Railroad


text:
Thomas Connellan

Thomas Connellan (c. 1625 – 1698) was an Irish harp player and composer.

Life
Connellan was born about 1625 at Cloonmahon, County Sligo. Both he and his brother William Connellan became harpers.

Thomas is reputed to have composed between 700 and 800 tunes, although most of these have not survived. His best-known tunes today are "Molly St. George", "The Dawning of the Day" ("Fáinne Geal an Lae"), also known as "The Golden Star", "Love in Secret", and "Planxty Davis". "The Dawning of the Day" has similarities with (but is not the same as) the melody used by Irish poet Patrick Kavanagh for his poem On Raglan Road.

According to Arthur O'Neill (1734-1818):
 * "Thomas Conlan (Connellan) the great harper was born before my time. I heard he played very well. He made himself conspicuous in Scotland by means of the tune Lochaber, which he plastered on the Scots as one of his own compositions whereas it is well known it was composed by Miles O'Reilly of Killinkere, in the county Cavan under the name of 'Limerick's Lamentation.' However Conlan arrived to city honours in Edinburgh, chiefly by means of that tune among others. I heard they made him a bailie or burgomaster in Edinburgh where he died." (p. 13)

title: Thomas Connellan


text:
Barkston

Barkston is an English village and civil parish in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire. The parish population was 497 at the 2001 census and 493 at the 2011 census. The village lies about 4 mi north of the market town of Grantham, on the A607, just south of the junction with the A153 to Ancaster.

History
The village is named in the Domesday Book as "Barchestune", which probably means "the farmstead of a man called Barkr." The deserted medieval village of Ringsthorpe lay just to the west of Barkston, on the far side of the River Witham. It is mentioned in the 1087 Domesday Book. The latest archaeological discoveries at the site are from the Medieval period, and the last documentary mention of Ringsthorpe is in the 14th century.

Hickson's Almshouses, built in 1640 and re-built in 1839, still provide homes for local elderly people.

Barkston railway station, closed in 1955, was near the Barkston South junction of the East Coast Main Line and Sleaford railways.

Military history
During the Second World War, Arthur Lowe, the actor who played the main character in the television series Dad's Army, was stationed at Barkston with the Royal Army Ordnance Corps, which had the task of servicing searchlights. RAF Barkston Heath was in recent years the base of the Joint Elementary Flying Training School (RAF and Fleet Air Arm) in 1995; the Army Air Corps joined in 1996, so that it became the Defence Elementary Flying Training School in 2003, when the RAF withdrew. Now the 703 Naval Air Squadron and 674 Squadron Army Air Corps are parts of the RAF's No. 3 Flying Training School. The airfield is also used for the British Model Flying Association national championships. In June 2003, the BBMF moved to Barkston Heath for four months.

Geography
The present route of the A607 through the village dates from the 1930s. The River Witham passes through the west of the village. At the 2001 census there were 229 households, 100 per cent of the population were white, 87 per cent declared themselves to be Christian, and 20 per cent of the population were retired.

To the east, on top of the Jurassic limestone escarpment, RAF Barkston Heath stands next to the course of the Roman Road Ermine Street.

The parish boundary crosses the A607 at the north end of Syston bypass. Going south, it then crosses the River Witham, the north side of Hambleton Hill, and the East Coast Main Line at Shire House to the west. North are the Barkston South railway junctions, unused since 2004, either side of Westfield Farm. The boundary follows the north edge of Hurn Wood to meet Marston. Northwards it crosses the Grantham Avoiding Line at Sand Lane, then the East Coast Main Line, and follows the Viking Way eastwards to meet Hougham and the Witham south of Frinkley Plantation. At Far Hill, it leaves the Viking Way, passing north through Old Gorse Wood to the west of the former Barkston Gorse Farm and Frinkley Lane. Eastwards it touches Carlton Scroop and at the hilltop Honington at Spellar Wood, following its southern edge. ] To the south-west it crosses Frinkley Lane, the Viking Way, Hough Road along the southern edge of Grove Plantations, and the Grantham–Sleaford railway line. It crosses the A607 at the A153 junction and Minnetts Wood north of Heath Farm, tops Honington Heath to meet Ancaster, and runs across RAF Barkston Heath. Along Ermine Street (B6403 road) it meets Wilsford and North Kesteven, and is briefly the South Kesteven boundary. At the southern edge of Barkston Heath, it follows Heath Lane westward and meets Syston. At this point a track passes through Minnett's Wood along Minnett's Hill.

Community
The ecclesiastical parish of Barkston belongs to the Barkston and Hough group in the Deanery of Loveden and Diocese of Lincoln. The incumbent since 2013 is Rev. Stuart Hadley.

The parish church is dedicated to Saint Nicholas of Myra, a philanthropist bishop from whom the legends and customs of Santa Claus derive. It includes a Norman window, a 14th-century spire and 15th-century porch.

The Methodist Chapel in West Street was built as a Wesleyan Methodist chapel in 1832. It closed in 2002, but the congregation continued to meet in the village hall as part of the Grantham and Vale of Belvoir Circuit until 2013.

The village pub is The Stag in Church Street, which also serves "locally sourced" food. A mobile library calls once a month, a mobile fish and chip van every Thursday, and a mobile greengrocer every Friday. There is a petrol station with a shop on the main road. Adjacent to it is a hand car wash and a mechanic's garage.

Barkston has Girl Guide and Brownie troops, and a mother-and-toddler group. A produce show is held every summer. The village has a cricket club, an indoor bowls team, and an association football team. The latter plays in the Grantham and District League Premier Division since finishing third in the 2007–2008 season in Division One.

News items

 * Jet-powered wheelchair in August 2004
 * Lightning bolt in May 2004

title: Barkston


text:
Rolf M. Zinkernagel

Rolf Martin Zinkernagel AC (born 6 January 1944) is a professor of experimental immunology at the University of Zurich. Along with Peter C. Doherty, he shared the 1996 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of how the immune system recognizes virus-infected cells.

Education
Zinkernagel received his MD degree from the University of Basel in 1970 and his PhD from the Australian National University in 1975.

Career and research
Zinkernagel is a member of the Cancer Research Institute Scientific Advisory Council, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, The National Academy of Sciences, the American Philosophical Society, and The Academy of Cancer Immunology. Zinkernagel was elected as a Corresponding Fellow to the Australian Academy of Science also in 1996.

Awards and honours
Together with the Australian Peter C. Doherty he received the 1996 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of how the immune system recognizes virus-infected cells. With this he became the 24th Swiss Nobel laureate. In 1999 he was awarded an honorary Companion of the Order of Australia (AC), Australia's highest civilian honour, for his scientific work with Doherty.

Viruses infect host cells and reproduce inside them. Killer T-cells destroy those infected cells so that the viruses cannot reproduce. Zinkernagel and Doherty discovered that for killer T-cells to recognize infected cells, they had to recognize two molecules on the surface of the cell—not only the virus antigen, but also a molecule of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). This recognition was done by a T-cell receptor on the surface of the T-cell. The MHC was previously identified as being responsible for the rejection of incompatible tissues during transplantation. Zinkernagel and Doherty discovered that the MHC was responsible for the body fighting meningitis viruses too.

In addition to the Nobel Prize, he also won the Cloëtta Prize in 1981, the Cancer Research Institute William B. Coley Award in 1987, the Otto-Naegeli-Preis in 1988 and the Albert Lasker Medical Research Award in 1995. In 1994 he became a member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina. Zinkernagel was elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMeRS) in 1998.

title: Rolf M. Zinkernagel


text:
Progressive Labour Party (Bermuda)

The Progressive Labour Party (PLP) is one of the three political parties in Bermuda. At the 18 July 2017 general election, the party won 24 of the 36 seats in the Bermudian House of Assembly to become the governing party. The party was founded in 1963, the first political party in Bermuda, and the oldest still active. It formed government from 1998 to 2012, and again since 2017.

Formation
The Progressive Labour Party was founded in 1963 by Wilfred Mose Allen, Hugh Ryo Richardson, Albert Peter Smith, Edward DeJean, Walter N.H. Robinson, Austin Wilson and Dilton C. Cann. These seven had earlier met in Richardson's garage, before holding the first formal meeting of the PLP on 10 February 1963 in Robinson's office in Hamilton.

The party contested the 1963 election just three months after its formation. Appealing to working-class voters, the first election platform called for equitable taxation, an end to racial discrimination, economic parity and welfare programs, as well as housing, educational and electoral reform. The party contested nine of the 36 House of Assembly seats. The PLP's six successful members of parliament were Arnold A. Francis (Party Leader), Walter N. H. Robinson (Deputy Leader), Lois Browne-Evans (Bermuda's first black elected woman Member of Parliament), Russell Dismont, Cecil Clarke and Dorothy Thompson.

Bermuda received its first constitution in 1968, and an election was called on 22 May 1968. In the election, the party was soundly defeated winning only 10 of 40 seats by the conservative United Bermuda Party which was founded in 1964. During the election, the party's leader, Walter Robinson, was defeated in his constituency and Lois Browne-Evans became party leader, the first female opposition leader in the British Commonwealth.

In subsequent elections, the PLP slowly increased its seat numbers. At the 1972 general election, the PLP increased its share of the popular vote from 33% to 38%. The party again contested every constituency. With the successful re-election of Walter Robinson, Lois Browne-Evans yielded the leadership of the party back to him. The party retained ten seats in the House. In April 1976, Robinson retired from active politics, later becoming a Puisne Judge, and Browne-Evans became the Party Leader for the second time as well as the Opposition Leader.

In the 1980 general election, the party ran 40 candidates and won 18 seats and 46% of the votes, just three short of the number needed to form government. There was steady progress until 1983, when a noticeable slide began. In 1983, the party had to fight a snap general election. Once again, the party ran 40 candidates, contesting every seat. The PLP lost four seats in this election, gaining only 43.4% of the votes. Another snap general election was called in November 1985. A small, but determined PLP contested 18 of the 20 constituencies, fielding 30 candidates.

The party had been gripped in the legacy of a severe split between a group led by veteran parliamentarian Gilbert Darrell and those loyal to Party Leader Lois Browne-Evans. This division resulted in a group being expelled from the party. The party split had affected the electorate which was reflected in the party's further loss of seats and only 31% of the votes. The party won only seven seats.

Lois Browne-Evans stepped down as Party Leader. At the special Delegates Conference, convened 72 hours after the election, Deputy Leader, L. Frederick Wade became the PLP's fourth Party Leader with Walter Roberts as the new Deputy Leader. Wade, committed the party to a period of rebuilding and the reversal experienced in the previous elections. A rejuvenated PLP was ready for the general election of 1989. The party contested all 20 constituencies and regained eight seats to increase the number of PLP representatives to 15 and an increase of 37% of the votes cast. The process of rebuilding continued with the party regaining the confidence of its supporters and building new bridges with the electorate. Wade also began making inroads with the business community.

At the 1993 general election, called for October 1993, Wade led a well prepared PLP. The Party contested all 20 constituencies and gained three seats to increase the number of PLP representatives to 18. In the election the party once again approached the threshold of victory with 46.7% of the votes cast.

Recent history
In 1996 Jennifer Meredith Smith succeeded to the leadership of the PLP upon the death of L. Frederick Wade. Smith immediately set about establishing her mandate for the party with an agenda to get the organisation ready for the next general election, due to be held no later than October 1998.

Under her leadership the party continued working to rebuild and strengthen the party apparatus. In addition, the PLP entered into an aggressive fundraising campaign, expanding its appeal to not only traditional supporters but also the business sector. The interaction with the business community, started under L.F. Wade continued - raising the Party's credentials as a future government that would work to ensure a sound business environment.

On 20 October 1998, the date of the much-anticipated general election was announced as 9 November 1998. The party won 26 seats and 54.3% of votes to form government, in the first change of government in Bermuda's history. Jennifer Smith led the party to its first victory against the conservative United Bermuda Party, which had controlled the territory since universal franchise and a constitution was gained in 1968, but was split by bitter infighting resulting from Premier Sir John W. Swan's forcing a referendum in 1995 on independence from the United Kingdom (74.12% voted against independence, resulting in the resignation of Swan and his cabinet and - along with further UBP infighting due to the attempt by Swan and his partners to take over and continue to operate a McDonald's franchise on the United States Naval Air Station Bermuda, in contravention to Bermudian law, after the United States Navy withdrew from Bermuda in 1995 - fatally injuring the United Bermuda Party).

The party having achieved the goal of the founding fathers and reached the pinnacle of electoral success set about the mission of building 'A New Bermuda.' Immediately, the government moved to make substantive changes in key areas, including: amendment to the Election Act eliminating annual voter registration; the introduction of the political office of Attorney General which required the establishment of Office of Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP) as the chief law officer responsible for Crown prosecutions. Another change was the re-introduction of bi-weekly garbage collection. On 18 August 2000, Premier Jennifer Smith tabled a paper, proposing constitutional amendments, including the establishment of single-seat constituencies. This was in keeping with a PLP platform initiative to ensuring that Bermuda's democracy enshrined the principle of "one person, one vote; each vote of equal value". This goal had been consistently stated from the establishment of the PLP in 1963 under the objective of constitutional reform. In November 2000, the Party Leader faced a challenge to her leadership by Environment Minister Arthur Hodgson. The Party Leader defeated Hodgson by a vote of 2 to 1.

On 11 October 2002 the House of Assembly passed the Boundaries Commission Report which included recommendations for 36 single seat constituencies. In November 2002, Premier Jennifer Smith tabled a motion in the House of Assembly that the Government empower a Committee to examine the Parliamentary Election Act with a view to making recommendations about the wider questions of the voting franchise in Bermuda.

On 28 February 2003, an Order-in-Council was made at Buckingham Palace ratifying the recommendations of the commission to the Governor and the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs. The Order came into effect in mid-March 2003 setting the stage for the next General Election, with a single seat constituency system established in Bermuda.

A discussion paper on the wider question of the franchise looking at broader questions for reform of Bermuda's voting system was submitted to the Parliament. The paper was consistent with the party's long-standing commitment to examine the larger question of reform of Bermuda's voting system. In June 2003, further parliamentary reform was completed, with amendments to the Parliamentary Election Act widening the categories of valid identification voters could use during an election. This would modernize requirements and contribute to more flexibility and ease in the voting process for all.

On 11 June 2003 the Premier announced that she would ask the Governor to dissolve Parliament in order to have a general election on 24 July 2003.

The party again won the election on 24 July 2003 with 51.6% of the vote and 22 out of 36 seats, but less than a week later Ewart Brown led a party coup, and Smith was forced to resign. The two factions agreed to a compromise candidate, Alex Scott, to become Premier of Bermuda, while Brown would hold the deputy premiership.

On 28 July 2003, Jennifer Smith submitted her resignation as Premier to His Excellency the Governor. W. Alexander Scott is not long after sworn in as Premier and on 30 July 2003, the New Cabinet was sworn in at Government House. The new Premier immediately moved to unify the Party and to reassure the country in the new government. In early September, the new PLP government was tested with the first national crisis in the form of Hurricane Fabian. The natural disaster devastated much of the island but the quick and effective response by the Government was praised by all quarters of the community.

In November 2004, the Throne Speech detailed a comprehensive initiative by the Government described as The Social Agenda. This Agenda revealed new initiatives designed to be a key part of the Government's blueprint for social change. Some of the highlights are: The protection of the environment and sustainable development is not only a global issue but also an important local concern. On 6 December 2004, Premier Scott announced that the Government would develop a Sustainable Development Plan for Bermuda. The Premier noted that it was time for us to ensure that development in this country is sustainable in order to provide a foundation for a better quality of life for everyone, now, and for generations to come.
 * New plans for EMERGENCY housing with the Government to construct two, three and four bedroom manufactured emergency homes;
 * A longer-term strategy will see the renovation of derelict and vacant premises to increase the number of houses available to rent or buy;
 * An amendment to the customs tariff to reduce the cost of importing building materials;
 * A new points system to deal with reckless drivers and new British style de-merit points; system will be introduced in a bid to rid the country's roads of irresponsible motorists;
 * Tougher sentences for drug offenders;
 * A recycled personal computer initiative will attempt to put computers "within the grasp of all Bermudians";
 * Diversify the types of hotels on offer as well as pursuing business outside the traditional U.S. market in Europe

In December 2004, Premier, the Hon. W. Alexander Scott JP, MP announced the formation of the Bermuda Independence Commission, an independent body of persons drawn from the widest, most representative cross-section of individuals, groups, unions and organisations in Bermuda. The Bermuda Independence Commission would have the express purpose of educating, informing and encouraging discussion and debate on the subject of Independence for Bermuda. The commission would also prepare a report with recommendation on the subject of Independence.

Premier Scott appointed the Sustainable Development Round Table (SDRT) in April 2005, to facilitate broad community engagement and representation in sustainable development decisions facing the future of Bermuda.

In August 2005, the long-awaited Bermuda Independence Commission Report was released to the public. Its release ignites a flurry of debate and discussion in the community on the report's findings from pro Independence and anti Independence advocates. The question and merits of an Independence referendum also enters into the debate. From February to May 2006, the Party held a series of meetings throughout the island to promote understanding of the findings of the Bermuda Independence Commission (BIC) and the issue of Independence. Overall, the meetings were well attended but support for the island moving towards independence remained elusive.

In late August 2006, speculation and discussion arose as to whether there was to be a leadership challenge at the upcoming Party Conference in light of the fact that it is an election year for all Party Officers. A leading contender was Tourism and Transport Minister Ewart F. Brown. It was also suggested another leading possible contestant was Finance Minister the Hon Paula Cox.

On 13 October 2006, the rumours of an impending leadership contest were settled when Brown announced his resignation from the Cabinet and that he would contest the leadership of the party at the upcoming Delegates Conference. Brown also stated that if the party chose the current Party Leader, W. Alexander Scott over him, he would resign from politics at the next election. On 27 October 2006, Brown defeated Scott in an election for Party Leader and became the PLP's Leader and Premier of Bermuda. Newly appointed Premier Brown and his Cabinet moved quickly to engage the public on key issues, particularly Education, Health and social issues.

The Throne Speech delivered 4 November 2006 pledges the Government would implement new, strong and significant programmes to address housing, education, healthcare, the quality of life for our youth and our elderly, alcohol and drug abuse, crime and race relations.

Following through with a promise made during Dr. Brown's leadership campaign, it is announced in the Throne Speech, that the Medical Clinic (formerly known as the Indigent Clinic) will be closed. The position is taken that it undermines the patients' dignity being treated in this manner. Under the new plans, patients will have access to the same services as the general public with at least 30 private doctors.

Some of the other initiatives that were highlighted in the 2006 Throne Speech are as follows:
 * Establish a Ministry for Social Rehabilitation, focused on quickly implementing solutions to the challenges that exist in our community.
 * Renew the Government commitment to producing 330 units in 30 months with 286 units under contract.
 * Work with the private sector to generate progressive ways to finance new homes.
 * Assemble the best legal and financial minds to determine how to renovate derelict homes for rent or ownership by deserving families.
 * Introduce an income-based housing programme.
 * Provide a zero rate of Customs Duty on imported materials for all proposals approved by the Government as 'affordable housing developments'.
 * An Agricultural and Educational Outreach Programme to be implemented to familiarise senior secondary school students with farming.
 * Shift the focus from where the new hospital would be and work with the medical community to establish the priorities for healthcare in Bermuda.
 * Declare the Economic Empowerment Zone in North Hamilton as an 'approved scheme' under the Industrial Development Act 1968.

In December 2006, Premier Brown stated he was "deeply and seriously" concerned about the state of education and that within the near future Bermuda would hear "some very significant statements" about what was planned to improve attainment levels.

In May 2007, a report was given to the public on the findings of the Education Review and it revealed serious challenges in Bermuda's public Education system. The report outlined recommendations which the PLP Government committed to implementing.

The prospects of an election once again become apparent when starting in early July 2007 the party began announcing its candidate line up for the future election. On 2 November 2007, to the surprise of many, just hours after the Throne Speech, Premier Brown announced that he visited the Governor and requested he prorogue the Parliament in order to hold a general election dated Tuesday 18 December 2007. The six weeks leading up to the election was filled with a great deal of energy and sometimes-confrontational rhetoric between the completing parties. The campaign slogan for a third consecutive victory was, 'Moving Bermuda Forward' with a mission to make it 'Three Straight!!!’ Another effective campaign tag line promoted across the island was 'PLP Solid!’ The party focused its energy and resources on saturating the political landscape; proving the party was the dominant force in the country for progress and change.

The PLP won a third term in power in the election held on 18 December 2007, again taking 22 seats. Not only did the party successfully keep its majority, it managed to increase its percentage of the popular vote from 51.6% to 52.5%.

Brown quit elected politics in October 2010 and he was succeeded as party leader and Premier by Paula Cox.

Widely blamed for worsening the effects of the 2008 global recession through ineptitude and corruption,        on 17 December 2012, the party, which had also angered many Bermudians through its stoking racial division while in Government,  narrowly lost a general election to the One Bermuda Alliance; Cox lost her own seat and resigned as party leader the following day. She was replaced by Marc Bean, the former Minister of the Environment, Planning and Infrastructure. However future Minister of Health, Kim Wilson, was elected to parliament in December 2012, representing the party in the constituency of Sandys South Central.

On 15 February 2013, Terry Lister announced his resignation from the party, and his intention to continue to sit in the House of Assembly as an Independent. Lister resigned from Parliament in September 2014, prompting a by-election. On 19 November 2014 the PLP's Candidate Jamahl Simmons defeated the OBA's Georgia Marshall.

title: Progressive Labour Party (Bermuda)


text: User talk:68.98.206.43

title: User talk:68.98.206.43


text:
User:Markyen

Uh, hi, I'm Mark Yen.

title: User:Markyen