text:
The Country of the Blind

"The Country of the Blind" is a short story by English writer H. G. Wells. It was first published in the April 1904 issue of The Strand Magazine and included in a 1911 collection of Wells's short stories, The Country of the Blind and Other Stories. It is one of Wells's best known short stories, and features prominently in literature dealing with blindness.

Wells later revised the story, with the expanded version first published by an English private printer, Golden Cockerel Press, in 1939.

Plot summary
While attempting to climb the unconquered crest of Parascotopetl (a fictitious mountain in Ecuador), a mountaineer named Nuñez slips and falls down the far side of the mountain. At the end of his descent, down a snow-slope in the mountain's shadow, he finds a valley, cut off from the rest of the world on all sides by steep precipices. Unknown to Nuñez, he has discovered the fabled "Country of the Blind". The valley had been a haven for settlers fleeing the tyranny of Spanish rulers, until an earthquake reshaped the surrounding mountains, cutting the valley off forever from future explorers. The isolated community prospered over the years, despite a disease that struck them early on, rendering all newborns blind. As the blindness slowly spread over many generations, the people's remaining senses sharpened, and by the time the last sighted villager had died, the community had fully adapted to life without sight.

Nuñez descends into the valley and finds an unusual village with windowless houses and a network of paths, all bordered by kerbs. Upon discovering that everyone is blind, Nuñez begins reciting to himself the proverb, "In the Country of the Blind, the One-Eyed Man is King". He realizes that he can teach and rule them, but the villagers have no concept of sight, and do not understand his attempts to explain this fifth sense to them. Frustrated, Nuñez becomes angry, but the villagers calm him, and he reluctantly submits to their way of life, because returning to the outside world seems impossible.

Nuñez is assigned to work for a villager named Yacob. He becomes attracted to Yacob's youngest daughter, Medina-Saroté. Nuñez and Medina-Saroté soon fall in love, and having won her confidence, Nuñez slowly starts trying to explain sight to her. Medina-Saroté, however, simply dismisses it as his imagination. When Nuñez asks for her hand in marriage, he is turned down by the village elders on account of his "unstable" obsession with "sight". The village doctor suggests that Nuñez's eyes be removed, claiming that they are diseased and are "greatly distended" and because of this "his brain is in a state of constant irritation and distraction." Nuñez reluctantly consents to the operation because of his love for Medina-Saroté. However, at sunrise on the day of the operation, while all the villagers are asleep, Nuñez, the failed King of the Blind, sets off for the mountains (without provisions or equipment), hoping to find a passage to the outside world, and escape the valley.

In the original story, Nuñez climbs high into the surrounding mountains until night falls, and he rests, weak with cuts and bruises, but happy that he has escaped the valley. His fate is not revealed. In the revised and expanded 1939 version of the story, Nuñez sees from a distance that there is about to be a rock slide. He attempts to warn the villagers, but again they scoff at his "imagined" sight. He flees the valley during the slide, taking Medina-Saroté with him.

Characters

 * Nuñez – a mountaineer from Bogotá, Colombia
 * Yacob – Nuñez's master
 * Medina-Saroté – the youngest daughter of Yacob

Adaptations

 * Several radio adaptations of the story have been produced. Escape debuted its adaptation starring William Conrad on Thanksgiving week, 1947, which featured a different ending in which Nuñez escapes the Valley alone (and thus is able to tell the story in-character), but goes blind in the process due to the constant glare from the snow. Another episode of Escape aired 20 June 1948, starring Paul Frees. In 1954, 1957 and 1959 the CBS radio series Suspense rebroadcast this version. CBS Radio Mystery Theater aired another radio adaptation 7 May 1979. The episode was titled "Search for Eden" (episode 977) and the main characters' names were changed – Nunez was renamed Carlos and Medina-Saroté was renamed Eva. The BBC folded the story in two others by Wells for a BBC Radio 4 Extra entitled "The Door in the Wall", also with a twist at the end in which the storyteller reveals himself to be the tale's protagonist.
 * A teleplay written by Frank Gabrielsen was produced in 1962 for the TV series The DuPont Show of the Week. The title of the hour-long episode was "The Richest Man in Bogota", and it aired on 17 June 1962. It starred Lee Marvin as Juan de Nuñez, and Míriam Colón as "Marina" (not Medina-Saroté, as in the original story). In this story it is revealed that something in the water of the valley has caused the blindness of the residents. At the end of the episode Juan de Nuñez is shown to now be blind as well.
 * The Russian studio Soyuzmultfilm made a wordless 19-minute animated film adaptation in 1995 called Land of Blind (Страна Слепых).
 * The theme of the protagonist getting lost in the world of the blind was used in the 1997 Malayalam movie Guru starring Mohanlal.
 * The composer Mark-Anthony Turnage wrote a chamber opera based on the story, completed in 1997.
 * A stage production was written by Frank Higgins and Mark Evans; the only production to date has been in The Coterie Theater in Kansas City, Missouri in 2006.
 * A Chinese version of a graded reader was adapted under the name 盲人国 (Mángrén Guó) as part of the Mandarin Companion series. The location was adapted from Ecuador to China's province of Guizhou. A twist at the ending indicates the blindness condition affecting the people is contagious.
 * An audio version of "The Country of Blind" was published in the Indian language of Malayalam.

title: The Country of the Blind


text:
Talk:Manchester Airport (US)

Untitled
This title is a bit messy. If nobody objects, I'd like to move this page to either Manchester Airport (New Hampshire) or Manchester Airport (NH) or Manchester Airport (US). Ttownfeen 18:25, Apr 16, 2005 (UTC)

The gate information may be a bit difficult to maintain over time. Does gate information add to the encyclopedic value of this article? Tobycat 16:53, 8 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Airlines to where, but gate is probably useless. You can pull as desired. Burgundavia 01:05, May 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm pulling the gate notations (haven't seen it being noted at other airport articles). Plus, one can find the gate upon arrival at the airport. Pentawing 05:01, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Over 70% of the Manchester Airport lies within the municipal boundaries of the Town of Londonderry.

Page Move
I suggest that we move the page to Manchester-Boston Regional Airport due to the official name change. -- User:Malber (talk • contribs) 18:36, 19 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Support - that's the name now Dbinder 21:51, 19 May 2006 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Manchester Airport (US)


text:
Talk:Lacoste

Where is the Lacoste Polo made?
Interestingly on the Lacoste Polo that I purchased in Berlin, 3 days ago, the production country is nowhere to be seen. On the clothes itself there is only a label with the care instruction, the code "5191L" and the word "Devanlay". I did not even know that european law allows for a product to be put on the market without indicating the production country. I have asked for information from the German consumer institute. I am or course almost sure it is made in China or in one country with no good reputation in fashion, but if Lacoste uses cheap and cheappest labour ofter exploring children and sell polos in Europe for 80 € they shouldas as have the courage ( or be obliged by law) to state it on their products. Nike produces in China, vietnam, etc where children are used and people earn nothing. But its written on the label and its up to you to buy or not. Lacoste wants to keep people from knowing. Of course, I sent them an email asking...I still did not get a reply. Something tells me I wont ever get one reply from Lacoste. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 217.186.100.110 (talk) 12:17, 25 April 2011 (UTC)
 * This page is for discussing the article, not its subject. AFAIK polos for Europe are being made in Turkey (at least this is the case in Russia, where polos look as you have described - one label at the collar with no indication of country of origin). — Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.41.106.71 (talk) 03:12, 25 September 2011 (UTC)

the nose knows?
Back during the Preppy Scare that you mentioned, word was he was nicknamed Le Crocdile because of his long nose. 2600:4040:5D30:4800:F55E:691D:EECC:12D0 (talk) 16:11, 1 December 2022 (UTC)

 * That is precisely correct. It’s interesting that the article cites his tenacity as a source for the name or a crocodile skin suitcase and I’m sure the material was just chosen out of the blue. Wikipedia is such a joke. 72.218.205.94 (talk) 15:50, 16 September 2023 (UTC)

It is a crocodile, not an alligator
https://www.lacoste.com/us/lacoste-inside/story.html 2601:602:8081:43C:48E9:34CD:A6EC:DEA7 (talk) 00:48, 7 May 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lacoste


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Left Hand Creek (Colorado)

Left Hand Creek is a tributary of Saint Vrain Creek, approximately 33.9 mi long, in Boulder County, Colorado in the United States. The creek drains a section of the foothills of the Front Range northwest of Boulder, descending from the mountains in a steep canyon, known as Left Hand Canyon. Left Hand Creek issues from Left Hand Park Reservoir along the north flank of Niwot Mountain. Flowing through a steep gorge to the East, passing below Ward (which sits roughly at the head of the canyon). It emerges from the foothills North of Boulder and crosses ranch lands the Colorado Piedmont, passing north of Niwot and joining St. Vrain Creek on the South edge of Longmont.

Lower Left Hand canyon is a popular destination for road biking, hiking, whitewater kayaking and rock climbing. It contains several City of Boulder Open Space parks along the Boulder County road that ascends into the canyon from U.S. Highway 36 north of Boulder. The canyon rims provide habitat for raptors and are seasonally closed to rock climbing during the late winter and early spring during nesting season.

The creek was named for Chief Left Hand of the Arapaho Indians. In 1859, during the Colorado Gold Rush, the canyon was the site of an early discovery of gold at Gold Hill located on a side gully approximately halfway up the canyon.

Left Hand Creek experienced a significant flood event in September 2013. This flood killed one resident of Jamestown in a debris flow from an adjacent ravine in the town. The flood of September 2013 considerably redistributed stream sediment and re-channelized the stream bed in places. Mitigation and recovery efforts in the town of Jamestown and for all Left Hand canyon residents is ongoing in 2017. Lefthand Watershed Oversight Group, a nonprofit watershed organization based in Boulder County, works to assess, protect, and restore the quality of the Left Hand Creek Watershed.

An obscure whitewater kayak run until 2000, Left Hand Canyon was first run in 1998 by Brook Aitken, Chris McEniry, and Craig D. Irwin. The whitewater kayakers first descended the Class V mini-gorge by entering through a small culvert passing under Left Hand Canyon Drive and beginning a tight and snaking boulder garden entrance through a cascade along the road. The mini gorge is below the roadway of Left Hand Canyon and is frequently choked with woody debris. The Left Hand Creek kayak run is short and full of action. The City of Boulder Mountain Parks and Open Space has one parking facility at Buckingham Park.

title: Left Hand Creek (Colorado)


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Alone with Everybody

Alone with Everybody is the first solo album by English singer-songwriter Richard Ashcroft, released via Hut Records in June 2000 (see 2000 in British music). The songs "A Song for the Lovers", "C'mon People (We're Making It Now)" and "New York" were initially recorded with the Verve for their 1997 album Urban Hymns, but were never released.

Release and reception
Upon its release, critical response to Alone with Everybody was generally positive. NME concluded its review by stating that "Ashcroft's newly discovered stability has done nothing to blunt his powers of communication or reduce his belief in the apocalyptic potential of music". At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album has received an average score of 70, based on 20 reviews.

Track listing
All lyrics and music by Richard Ashcroft.

 * 1) "A Song for the Lovers" – 5:26
 * 2) "I Get My Beat" – 6:02
 * 3) "Brave New World" – 5:59
 * 4) "New York" – 5:30
 * 5) "You on My Mind in My Sleep" – 5:06
 * 6) "Crazy World" – 4:57
 * 7) "On a Beach" – 5:09
 * 8) "Money to Burn" – 6:15
 * 9) "Slow Was My Heart" – 3:44
 * 10) "C'mon People (We're Making It Now)" – 5:03
 * 11) "Everybody" – 6:34
 * Bonus tracks
 * 1) "Leave Me High" – 5:22
 * 2) "XXYY" – 4:24
 * The two bonus tracks feature on the Japanese version of the album and were originally released as B-sides for the UK single "Money to Burn".

Personnel

 * Richard Ashcroft – co-producer, vocals, guitar, percussion, keyboards, piano, mellotron, organ, melodica

Additional musicians

 * Peter Salisbury – drums
 * Pino Palladino – bass
 * Steve Sidelnyk – percussion, programming, drums
 * Chuck Leavell – piano, Hammond organ
 * Duncan Mackay – trumpet
 * Lucinda Barry – harp
 * Teena Lyle – vibes
 * Chris Potter – bass
 * Jim Hunt – saxophone, flute
 * Jane Pickles – flute
 * Anna Noakes – flute
 * Judd Lander – harmonica
 * B. J. Cole – pedal steel guitar
 * Kate Radley – keyboards
 * Craig Wagstaff – congas
 * Philip D Todd – saxophone
 * Nigel Hitchcock – saxophone
 * Jamie Talbot – baritone saxophone
 * John Barclay – trumpet
 * Stuart Brooks – trumpet
 * Will Malone – brass arrangement, string arrangement, conducting
 * The London Session Orchestra – strings
 * The London Community Gospel Choir – vocals
 * Samantha Smith, Leonard Meade, Vernetta Meade, Michelle-John Douglas, Donovan Lawrence, Irene Myrtle Forrester

Technical personnel

 * Chris Potter – producer

title: Alone with Everybody


text:
File:Rex&rinty.jpg

summary
Poster for Rex and Rinty

Fair use in The Adventures of Rex and Rinty
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) It's a low resolution copy of a Film Poster / VHS or DVD Cover.
 * 2) It doesn't limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the film in any way, in fact, it may encourage sales.
 * 3) Because of the low resolution, copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the artwork/image.
 * 4) The image is itself a subject of discussion in the article or used in the infobox thereof.
 * 5) The image  is significant because it was used to promoted a notable film.

Source

 * 1) Derived from a digital capture (photo/scan) of the Film Poster/ VHS or DVD Cover (creator of this digital version is irrelevant as the copyright in all equivalent images is still held by the same party). Copyright held by the film company or the artist.  Claimed as fair use regardless.

title: File:Rex&rinty.jpg


text:
Ursa Major I Dwarf

Ursa Major I Dwarf (UMa I dSph) is a dwarf spheroidal galaxy that orbits the Milky Way galaxy. It was discovered in 2005 within the Ursa Major constellation and is the third least luminous known galaxy.

Discovery
It was discovered by Beth Willman, Julianne J. Dalcanton, David Martinez-Delgado, and Andrew A. West in 2005.

Properties
Being a small dwarf galaxy, it measures only a few thousand light-years in diameter. As of 2006, it is the third least luminous galaxy known (discounting possible dark galaxies such as VIRGOHI21 in the Virgo cluster of galaxies), after the Boötes Dwarf (absolute magnitude −5.7) and the more recently discovered Ursa Major II Dwarf (absolute magnitude −3.8). The absolute magnitude of the galaxy is estimated to be only −6.75, meaning that it is less luminous than some stars, like Deneb in the Milky Way. It is comparable in luminosity to Rigel. It has been described as similar to the Sextans Dwarf Galaxy. Both galaxies are ancient and metal-deficient.

It estimated to be located at a distance of about 330,000 light-years (100 kpc) from the Earth. That is about twice the distance to the Large Magellanic Cloud; the largest and most luminous satellite galaxy of the Milky Way.

Related objects
There was another object called "Ursa Major Dwarf", discovered by Edwin Hubble in 1949. It was designated as Palomar 4. Due to its peculiar look, it was temporarily suspected to be either a dwarf spheroidal or elliptical galaxy. However, it has since been found to be a very distant (about 360,000 ly) globular cluster belonging to our galaxy.

The Ursa Major II Dwarf was discovered in 2006 in the Ursa Major constellation and is also extraordinarily dim.

title: Ursa Major I Dwarf


text: User talk:68.118.204.134

title: User talk:68.118.204.134


text:
Abdalá Bucaram

Abdalá Jaime Bucaram Ortiz (عبد الله خايمي بوكرم أورتيز; born 20 February 1952) is an Ecuadorian politician and lawyer who was President of Ecuador from 10 August 1996 to 6 February 1997. As President, Bucaram was nicknamed "El Loco Que Ama" ("The Madman Who Loves", a nickname he championed) and was removed from office after being declared mentally unfit to rule by the National Congress of Ecuador on 12 February 1997. He lived in exile in Panama under political asylum laws, then returned to Ecuador in 2017 when the charges against him expired. He started the Ecuadorian Roldosist Party, named after his brother in law Jaime Roldos.

Personal life
Born in Guayaquil, Bucaram is the son of Jacobo Bucaram Elmhalin, the son of Lebanese immigrants, and Rina Ortiz Caicedo. Bucaram was the nephew of the politician Assad Bucaram, who was the mayor of Guayaquil. His sister, Martha Bucaram, was married to former President Jaime Roldós Aguilera, both of whom were killed in a mysterious air crash.

He lived in Kennedy Norte, a neighborhood next to the José Joaquín de Olmedo International Airport, prior to fleeing for Panama after the deposition of his government.

Sporting career
Bucaram grew up playing football in the streets of Guayaquil and later went on to become a successful athlete and earn a degree in physical education. He was also a hurdler. He was the flag bearer for Ecuador at the 1972 Summer Olympics but did not compete in the Games due to injury. He was the police chief of Guayas and the president of Barcelona Sporting Club, a football team from his hometown.

Early political career
While working a gym teacher, Bucaram earned a law degree and soon began his political career.

He became the mayor of Guayaquil, and the founder and member of the Ecuadorian Roldosist Party (PRE). He then competed unsuccessfully for the presidency of Ecuador in 1988 and 1992.

In the 1996 Ecuadorian general election, Bucaram defeated Social Christian Party (PSC) candidate Jaime Nebot by winning in all but one of the 21 provinces, becoming the first to do so.

Presidency
Bucaram was president from 10 August 1996 to 6 February 1997. His cabinet was put together by Vice President Rosalia Arteaga. Shortly after taking office, the press criticized Bucaram for his behavior which was described as flamboyant and sometimes even rude. Within months, Bucaram was accused of embezzling millions of dollars of public funds. He has been called a "messianic personality and unconventional that attracted criticism from his critics and the media" by a Turkish media site.

Impeachment
In February 1997, Bucaram was impeached by the National Congress because of concerns about his capacity to act in the office of the presidency. While the initial charge was for mental incapacity, the details of the impeachment specifically cited economic mismanagement, undignified behavior, deliberate oversight of crimes, and betrayal of campaign promises.

Life after impeachment
Bucaram received political asylum in Panama after several corruption charges were laid against him. He returned on Saturday, 2 April 2005, after the corruption charges were lifted the previous day. He stayed in Guayaquil for about two and a half weeks. The corruption charges against him were reinstated after Lucio Gutiérrez was forced to leave to avoid the charges.

On 1 December 2014, Bucaram's son Abdalá "Dalo" Bucarám Jr. renounced his seat in the Ecuadorian National Assembly.

On 3 June 2020, Attorney General Diana Salazar Méndez announced that a stock of 5,000 masks and 2,000 COVID-19 tests had been found at Bucaram's residence preventing their use in combatting a large outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic.

He was accused of several crimes including stealing from the Central Bank and Customs and mismanaging the COVID-19 pandemic and barred from entering the United States. After he took office, Bucaram tried to reorganize the state which led to a culture of bribery and favoritism.

In August 2020, Bucaram was arrested and released at his home in Guayaquil as part of an organized crime investigation. The investigation centered on the murder of an Israeli citizen, Tomer Sheinman (also known as Shy Dahan), a few days earlier in the Guayaquil jail. Bucaram was implicated because an audio conversation between Bucaram and the murdered Sheinman (Dahan) was found. Sheinman (Dahan) was involved in trading medical supplies with Bucaram's son, Jacobo.

On 9 March 2022, the United States announced that, "due to his involvement in significant corruption, including misappropriation of public funds, accepting bribes, and interfering with public processes," Bucaram would be barred from entering the country.

As of December 2023, Bucaram has started to stream his political speeches in the video game Grand Theft Auto V on role-play servers, which he streams live on Twitch.tv.

title: Abdalá Bucaram


text:
Galvez – Imperador do Acre

Galvez – Imperador do Acre (Galvez - The Emperor of Acre) is a book published in 1976 by Brazilian author Márcio Souza (born 1946) about an episode in the history of Acre State (Brazil). This short novel mixes the historical novel and feuilleton styles. The book was a great success in the eighties.

Background
In 1899, the borders between Bolivia and Brazil were not clearly defined. At the time, the people living in the Amazon Basin were rich due to the natural resource of latex. The best rubber is produced in Acre, a region that, although inhabited by Brazilians, is theoretically part of the Republic of Bolivia.

Luis Gálvez Rodríguez de Arias was a Spanish journalist in Belém do Pará who on June 3, 1899 denounced a claimed agreement between United States and Bolivia that stated that the United States would support Bolivia in a possible war against Brazil. This became a scandal, but the Bolivian and North American authorities denied the accusation.

Galvez, with the financial support of the Amazonas government, went to Acre and, on July 14, 1899, the Independent State of Acre was declared. He declared himself president. On December 28, 1899, Galvez was deposed by Antônio de Sousa Braga, but he was restored on January 30, 1900, by Braga himself.

On March 15, 1900, a military expedition by the Brazilian Navy took the Acre region back from Bolivia.

The Novel
In the book, Galvez is an adventurer without scruples, working as a journalist in Belém. The novel starts when Galvez falls from a window, running away from a lady's husband, and, accidentally, saves the life of Luiz Trucco, the consul of Bolivia.

Invited by the diplomat, he goes to a party, where he meets Cira, a woman interested in the Acre question. Cira asks him to steal the USA-Bolivian agreement. Trucco, who trusts Galvez, gives it to him to have it translated. Denouncing the agreement to the Belém press, the journalist has to escape. In the city harbour, he hides himself in a departing ship in the Amazon River, heading to Manaus. The passengers are a group of nuns. He seduces one of them, Joana, and afterwards they are abandoned in a bank of the Amazon River. He is rescued by the ship of Sir Henry, an English metaphysical scientist who thinks the Amazon Theatre is a spaceship, and Justine L'Amour and Blangis are Opera artists and part of the trouppe Les Comédiens Tropicales. Some weeks later, he and Les Comédiens go to the Bolivian city of Puerto Alonso, Acre, in a ship, where Trucco and the neurotic consul of United States are traveling. Galvez gets on the ship, hidden in a coffin. In Puerto Alonso he meets the local big shot and amasses money and an army. On July 14 he takes over Puerto Alonso without a fight. The Great Battle of the Independence of Acre is a trouble in the city-centre. He declares himself Emperor. The old and tedious Acre become the lascivious Empire of Acre (fictional: the author says in the book that Galvez, the narrator is lying). During the new year celebrations, Galvez is deposed and Joana dies.

Adaptations
A graphic novel adaptation in Portuguese was made by Miguel Lalor (pencil/color) and Andrei Miralha (ink/color) in 2004, as a limited edition by the Government of Para/Brazil (Secult/PA).

title: Galvez – Imperador do Acre


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Alula (magazine)

Alula was an ornithological magazine published in Turku, Finland. The magazine was published on a quarterly basis. Initially it was published in both Finnish and English, but the final volumes were published in English only. It was aimed primarily at birders with an interest in the birds of the Western Palearctic. The final issue of Alula was issued in 2008 (volume 14, issue 3) after which printing ceased in 2009 due to financial problems.

title: Alula (magazine)


text:
User talk:Viajero/tmp

The American soprano Eleanor Steber (July 17 1916-October 3, 1990) was a well-known opera singer during the 1940s and 1950s. She was admired for her great versatility; she sang Italian, French and German roles.

her easy upper range, coupled with a rich, smoothly produced lower voice

Steber was born into a musical family in Wheeling, West Virginia. Her mother was an accomplished amateur singer and taught her voice and piano, took her to concerts, arranged for coaching

Steber studied at the New England Conservatory of Music, originally intending to major in piano, but her voice teacher, William Whitney, persuaded her to focus on singing. In 1936, Steber made her operatic debut at age 21 as Senta with the Commonwealth Opera in a WPA production of Wagner's The Flying Dutchman. After graduating in 1938, she did radio, oratorio, and church work. In 1939, Steber went to New York to study with Paul Althouse. In 1940 she won first prize at the Metropolitan Opera Auditions of the Air, earning a Met contract.

In October 1940, Steber made her Metropolitan Opera debut as Sophie in Strauss’ Der Rosenkavalier. During the next years she benefited from conductors such as Bruno Walter, Sir Thomas Beecham, Erich Leinsdorf and George Szell. She was a versatile artist and appeared in Italian, French and German operas. Things began to change for her at the Met when Rudolf Bing took over the company in 1950. By this time, her career extended well beyond New York (San Francisco, Chicago and Europe). At the Met, though, she began to feel that she was being passed over for mainstream Italian roles in favour of Tebaldi and Callas. Altogether she appeared 286 times in New York and 118 times on tour. She sang 28 leading roles in an extremely large repertoire. Her easy upper range, coupled with a rich, smoothly produced lower voice made her a natural for Mozart roles

. Which she sang brilliantly, such as the Countess in Le nozze di Figaro, Pamina in Die Zauberflöte, Donna Anna in Don Giovanni, and even Konstanze in the Abduction from the Seraglio, with its vocal pyrotechnics, as well as in other Mozart operas. As her voice matured, she sang some of the spinto roles in both the German and Italian repertoire. Her roles in this repertoire included Violetta, Elisabetta, Desdemona, Marguerite, Manon Lescaut, Mimi, and Tosca, and the Marschallin in Der Rosenkavalier. In Wagner’s operas she sang Eva in Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg and Elsa in Lohengrin. She was also the company’s first Arabella in 1955, and in 1959 was the first to perform at the Met the challenging part of Marie in Berg’s opera Wozzeck. Steber was perhaps most famous for her creation of in January 1958 of the title role in Samuel Barber’s opera Vanessa (but it was first offered to Maria Callas and Sena Jurinac who both declined), and for commissioning his Knoxville: Summer of 1915. Steber was one of the most important sopranos in the USA during the 1940’s and 1950’s, with a sweet and yet full voice, and outstanding versatility (her recitals were practically vocal pentathlons for their wide range of styles and vocal demands, and the day she sang Desdemona in Verdi's Otello for a Met matinee and Fiordiligi in Mozart's Così fan tutte that evening is still a legend). Her European engagements included appearances at Edinburgh (1947), Vienna (1953), and Glyndebourne. In 1953 she was the first American to appear at the Bayreuth Festival after the Second World War.

title: User talk:Viajero/tmp


text:
Talk:Luce (band)

Untitled
Luce is a fantastic local band here in the San Francisco area. They have a couple of albums out already with some truly awesome music on both. (There's another live album as well if you want to be *exact* about the discography.) If you haven't heard of them yet, check out their website and give a listen to some of the songs--you'll be hooked! Good stuff, seriously.

Probably the biggest reason why I'm writing this now, though, is that the band is personable and really cares about their fans (and not like many bands who just care about the money).

And since we're here on Wikipedia I might as well say "All your base are belong to us".

Mhtaylor (talk) 22:38, 20 July 2009 (UTC) The band's website currently lists Kevin White as their bass player, however, when I saw them live at the Great American Music Hall 13th July 2009 the bass player appeared to be Alex Cordrey. The latest CD, Corner of the World, omits naming a bass player as a band member but lists Nolan Thies as playing bass for at least some of the tracks under Additional Musicians.

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title: Talk:Luce (band)


text:
Talk:Creative destruction

Marxist, not Schumpeterian
This article is virtually useless for most of the people who will be using it. The primary readers of this page are likely to be business and economics students looking to get an overview of the Schumpeterian model of Creative Destruction. Instead they are bombarded with a lot of Neo-Marxist philosophy based on Sombart's use of the term in a broken-widows style fallacy. This article should be completely re-written from the Schumpeterian point of view, with the Marxist elements added as an "Other interpretations" section" Aronradix (talk) 14:28, 20 April 2011 (UTC)
 * Agree, the article is not balanced as information and the way information is given to the reader, in such way it forms an obvious bias, I can see the edits that contributed to it, I think the article is a candidate for top template. --Aleksd (talk) 10:31, 19 October 2011 (UTC)
 * And to be more concrete the edits are major due to Marxist Greek editors (they seem to need to tell us something, I'd like to know what exactly). --Aleksd (talk) 10:39, 19 October 2011 (UTC)

I have to disagree! Have any of you actually read Schumpeter’s Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy? It discusses Marx in detail: the whole of Part I is devoted to a detailed interpretation of Marx’s thought! Sorry if that’s news to you, but it’s ludicrous to argue that the article is biased because it gives the back history to a concept Schumpeter himself got from Marx (and of course elaborated). Since when does Wikipedia only dole out knowledge that MBA students think they might need? We’re not an MBA textbook. The fact is, like it or not, that Schumpeter didn’t invent the concept himself. The term has a history, and Wikipedia needs to represent concepts historically and globally, not from the perspective of Anglo-Saxon/neoliberal business models. Therefore it’s only right that the article should follow a rough historical order and deal with the economic origins of the concept before it goes on to deal with Schumpeter’s use (which is not its primary use in fields such as geography, political economy, anthropology and cultural studies). If you find the article needs to say more about Schumpeter, then flesh out the sections on Schumpeter, but don’t attack it because it gives an historical overview of the concept. Those MBA students looking for information on Schumpeter might learn a thing or two. Oh, and by the way, I’m British, not Greek (OK, I’m half-Greek), and I can assure you that my edits here have nothing at all to do with the crisis of capitalism in Greece, Spain, Portugal, Ireland, Italy, USA, etc., though Schumpeter would have said “I told you so”! I’m also not a Marxist, and in case you hadn’t heard, the Cold War is over. Marx is no longer taboo, but is widely considered a serious analyst of the mechanisms of capitalism in academia (as he was by Schumpeter). Therefore, I do not believe the article is unbalanced, although it would be if it were only about Schumpeter’s interpretation of the concept as Aronradix wants it to be! GKantaris (talk) 16:48, 23 November 2011 (UTC)
 * I have not read Socialism and Democracy but I have read his History of Economic Analysis and find it absurd to think that Schumpeter did not owe a great intellectual debt to Marx. However, it seems to me to be a stretch to go from their to saying Marx has priority on creative destruction (which is not merely economic cycles but a very a particular mechanism whereby they come about) is a stretch.  For this reason I think the article should be changed so that:
 * 1. Schumpeterian priority for creative destruction should be labeled in the first line.
 * OK, that's reasonable. I've rearranged it as suggested. GKantaris (talk) 07:00, 6 May 2012 (UTC)
 * 2. It is made clear that creative destruction is a theory of business cycles.
 * No problem with this. I've added a mention of and link to the business cycle in the lead. If you want more, suggest a wording! GKantaris (talk) 07:00, 6 May 2012 (UTC)
 * 3 Most of the stuff on Marx should be kept but rewritten for clarity and have the bit at the end which explains the phrase "creative destruction" is not Marx's should be moved to the top of the section where skimmers can see it.
 * I've moved that bit at the end to the top of that section. GKantaris (talk) 07:00, 6 May 2012 (UTC)
 * 4. Relabel all the Marx stuff a history section and put it near the bottom of the page.
 * Hmmm, it's already labelled as "History". And it would be bizarre for the History of a term to be presented in non-chronological order. People interested only in Schumperer's use of the idea can easily use the Table of Contents to jump straight to that section. GKantaris (talk) 07:00, 6 May 2012 (UTC)
 * 5. on unrelated note: "The film Other People's Money provides contrasting views of creative destruction, presented in two speeches regarding the takeover of a publicly-traded wire and cable company in a small New England town. One speech is by a corporate raider, and the other is given by the company CEO, who is principally interested in protecting his employees and the town." Seriously? Unless someone objects or offers to fix it by making it unbiased, and, yea know, relevant I'm just gonna delete this section.
 * Yeah, it's weak (I didn't write it). Be bold, go ahead and edit! GKantaris (talk) 07:00, 6 May 2012 (UTC)

Walras101 (talk) 21:33, 25 April 2012 (UTC)
 * Just wanted to drop in and say that, having just read Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy, he does not *directly* draw creative destruction from Marx. He certainly discusses Marx but the implication that he draws creative destruction directly from him is not representative of what I just read. And yes, I just read it straight through - and just because he talks about Marx first does not imply, quote: "...in Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy, Schumpeter introduced the term "creative destruction", which he explicitly derived from Marxist thought (analysed extensively in Part I of the book)..." It is not "explicitly derived." Period. Cheers. 02:41, 30 November 2018 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:282:503:25A0:5C79:8062:17A:ED8F (talk)

Wanted to drop in and say that Schumpeter does not draw creative destruction from Marx within the text and certainly does not do so explicitly (which the articles says). This should be removed. One just needs to read the text to find this out. MHP Huck (talk) 02:21, 13 May 2019 (UTC)

Darwin
From the Origin of Species (1859)...

 * The extinction of old forms is the almost inevitable consequence of the production of new forms.

Context...

 * Passing from these difficulties, the other great leading facts in palaeontology agree admirably with the theory of descent with modification through variation and natural selection. We can thus understand how it is that new species come in slowly and successively; how species of different classes do not necessarily change together, or at the same rate, or in the same degree; yet in the long run that all undergo modification to some extent. The extinction of old forms is the almost inevitable consequence of the production of new forms. We can understand why, when a species has once disappeared, it never reappears. Groups of species increase in numbers slowly, and endure for unequal periods of time; for the process of modification is necessarily slow, and depends on many complex contingencies. The dominant species belonging to large and dominant groups tend to leave many modified descendants, which form new sub-groups and groups. As these are formed, the species of the less vigorous groups, from their inferiority inherited from a common progenitor, tend to become extinct together, and to leave no modified offspring on the face of the earth. But the utter extinction of a whole group of species has sometimes been a slow process, from the survival of a few descendants, lingering in protected and isolated situations. When a group has once wholly disappeared, it does not reappear; for the link of generation has been broken.

From my perspective, the term evolutionary economics is redundant. Innovation, variation, natural selection, competition and creative destruction are equally relevant to economics and evolution. With this in mind, what did Marx contribute to our understanding of evolution? This article should have a lot less Marx and a lot more Darwin. 71.84.207.69 (talk) 02:20, 9 March 2018 (UTC)

Basic definition missing
Agree this is too technical. The intro is more of a detailed subsection and an intro needs to be written. PLEASE Jennpublic (talk) 17:28, 4 March 2023 (UTC)

Environmental destruction
Some analysis is being done of for example international real estate investment firms, purchasing carbon valuable forest then managing them for highest return and lowest environmental values

Environmental destruction is a major aspect of destructive capitalism by which capital value is extracted from earth resources via environmental destruction.

Please anyone w the academic references …add this Jennpublic (talk) 17:32, 4 March 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Creative destruction


text:
Category:Musical genres by region

 * For more information on regional music see Category:Music by region and Category:Music by country.

title: Category:Musical genres by region


text:
Star Wars video games

Over one hundred video games based on the Star Wars franchise have been released, dating back to some of the earliest home consoles. Some are based directly on films while others rely heavily on the Star Wars Expanded Universe.

Star Wars games have gone through three significant development eras: early licensed games (1979–1993), games developed after the creation of LucasArts (1993–2013), and games created after the closure of LucasArts (2014–present), which are currently licensed to Electronic Arts, and include an EA Star Wars logo.

The first Star Wars games were developed by a variety of companies after Star Wars creator George Lucas licensed the rights to Star Wars video games; several of these games were released under the “Lucasfilm Games” banner. Early licensed games, released during the 8-bit and 16-bit eras of gaming, barely featured any kind of narrative, and many were action titles that either retold the stories of the original trilogy (1977–1983) or focused on a single scene of a film.

Later on, Lucas took interest in the increasing success of the video game market, and decided to create his own video game development company, LucasArts, so he could have more creative control over the games and their narratives. During this era, graphics evolved enough for games to be able to tell complex narratives, leading to games that featured more advanced retellings of the stories of the films, with voice-overs and CGI cut scenes, as well as original titles with new narratives that were set in the same continuity as the films. After The Walt Disney Company's purchase of Lucasfilm in 2012 and the closure of LucasArts the following year, the games developed during the first two eras were discarded from the canon in 2014 and reassigned to the non-canonical Star Wars Legends label.

Following LucasArts' closure, the rights to produce Star Wars video games were reassigned solely to Electronic Arts. Games published during this era are considered canonical to the franchise, and have featured more influence from the Lucasfilm Story Group, responsible for managing aspects of Star Wars canon. The EA Star Wars license had been set to expire in 2023, but in 2021, Lucasarts announced new partnerships for others to produce Star Wars and other Lucasfilm games alongside Electronic Arts.

Although many hobbyists and independent game developers have created freeware games based on the Star Wars movie series and brand, this page lists only the games that have been developed or published by LucasArts, or officially licensed by Lucasfilm.

As of 2020, there have been over 90 million copies of Star Wars games sold.

Early licensed games (1979–1993)
In 1978, Apple Computer produced an unlicensed Star Wars game on cassette tape for its Apple II. As a "space pilot trainee", the player destroys TIE fighters using a first-person heads-up display. The first video game cartridge bearing the name Star Wars appeared that year on the RCA Studio II clones Sheen M1200 and Mustang Telespiel Computer.

The first official licensed Star Wars electronic game was Kenner's 1979 table-top Star Wars Electronic Battle Command. The game had three levels of play (basic, intermediate, and advanced). Players took turns examining star systems with the aim of avoiding black holes, locating enemies, and searching for MAGNA, "the FORCE-giving star". The game was billed as "the most exciting computer game you will ever play".

The original trilogy
Licensed releases for the Atari 2600 began with The Empire Strikes Back (1982) in which the player piloted a snowspeeder during the Battle of Hoth, destroying AT-AT walkers. Several other games appeared, such as Return of the Jedi: Death Star Battle (1983), where the player controlled the Millennium Falcon in a mission to destroy the second Death Star, and Jedi Arena (1983), the first game to attempt to simulate a lightsaber battle (in this case, clearly inspired by the Star Wars scene, where Luke Skywalker trains with a seeker). In 1983, the Star Wars arcade game was released by Atari based on the 1977 film. In this game (featuring color vector graphics and the first ever digitized speech from a film) the player enters the seat of Luke's Red Five X-Wing fighter, battles waves of TIE fighters led by Darth Vader, weaves through towers across the surface of the Death Star, and plummets through the battle station's trench in an attempt to destroy it. The sequel for the game, The Empire Strikes Back, used the same technology to re-create scenes from the second film, including battles with AT-AT walkers and an asteroid field.

In 1987, UK software publisher Domark released several 8-bit versions of the Star Wars vector arcade game, followed by similar conversions in 1988 of The Empire Strikes Back machine. In 1987, Namco developed a Star Wars game for the Nintendo Family Computer (Famicom) for the Japanese market exclusively, based on the 1977 film, but with several liberties taken with its storyline.

In 1991, the platform game Star Wars was released for the Nintendo Entertainment System, Master System, Game Boy and Game Gear, and one year later, Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back covered the plotline of the fifth episode of the saga. Also in 1992, Super Star Wars was released for the SNES, followed by the remaining games in the trilogy: Super Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back (1993) and Super Star Wars: Return of the Jedi (1994), the latter also receiving conversions for the Game Boy and Game Gear in 1995.

The following is a list of Star Wars games that are based on the feature films, developed during this development era:

Episode IV: A New Hope

 * Star Wars (1983–88) - Arcade
 * Re-released for: Atari 2600, Atari 5200, Commodore 64, Atari 8-bit computers, ColecoVision, BBC Micro, ZX Spectrum,[Acorn Electron, Amstrad CPC, Atari ST, Apple II, MS-DOS, Mac,[Amiga.
 * Death Star Interceptor (1984/85, System 3 Software Ltd) (unlicensed) - Commodore 64, ZX Spectrum
 * Star Wars (1987) - Famicom
 * Star Wars: Attack on the Death Star (1991) - PC-98, X68000
 * Star Wars (1991–93) - NES, Game Boy, Master System,[Game Gear
 * Super Star Wars (1992, the first game in the Super Star Wars trilogy) -Super NES
 * Re-released for: Wii Virtual Console, PS5, Vita]
 * Star Wars Arcade (1993) - Arcade
 * Re-released for: 32X

Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back

 * Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back (1982) - Atari 2600, Intellivision
 * Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back (1985/88) - Arcade
 * Re-released for: BBC Micro, Commodore 64, ZX Spectrum, Amstrad CPC, Amiga, Atari.
 * Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back (1992) - NES, Game Boy
 * Super Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back (1993, the second game in the Super Star Wars trilogy) - SNES
 * Re-released for: Wii Virtual Console

Episode VI: Return of the Jedi

 * Star Wars: Return of the Jedi – Death Star Battle (1983/84) - Atari 2600, Atari 8-bit family, Atari 5200, ZX Spectrum
 * Star Wars: Return of the Jedi (1984/88) - Arcade, BBC Micro, Commodore 64, ZX Spectrum, Amstrad CPC, Amiga, Atari ST, GameCube
 * Super Star Wars: Return of the Jedi (1994, the third game in the Super Star Wars trilogy) - SNES, Game Boy, Game Gear
 * Re-released for: Wii Virtual Console
 * Canceled: Star Wars: Return of the Jedi – Ewok Adventure - Atari 2600 (unreleased)

1980s

 * Star Wars: Jedi Arena (1983) - Atari 2600
 * Re-released for: Mobile (2005)
 * Star Wars: Droids (1988) - Amstrad CPC, ZX Spectrum – based on the Star Wars: Droids series

LucasArts and modern self-published games (1993–2013)
In the early 1980s George Lucas decided to invest in videogames. So through Lucasfilm, Lucas started his own video game company, which he named LucasArts. However, since Lucas had already licensed the rights to develop Star Wars games, the company instead developed original adventure games and World War II flight combat games. LucasArts regained the rights to develop Star Wars games in 1993, at that point the videogame company put their previous experience in flight simulators to use, and released a Star Wars: X-Wing, the first self-published Star Wars video game and the first space flight simulation based on the franchise.

The prequel trilogy
As The Phantom Menace release approached, dozens of licensed Episode I tie-in titles appeared, even educational titles, the market was flooded with several games, most of them of questionable quality. However, at the same time, titles based on the Expanded Universe flourished with critical acclaim, such as the expansion to Jedi Knight, Star Wars Jedi Knight: Mysteries of the Sith and the first game in the Rogue Squadron series.

The Phantom Menace

 * Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace (1999) - Windows, PlayStation
 * Star Wars: Episode I (1999) - Pinball
 * Star Wars Episode I: Racer (1999) – Windows, Mac, Dreamcast, Nintendo 64, Game Boy Color
 * Re-released for: Nintendo Switch (2020), PlayStation 4 (2020), and Xbox One (2020)
 * Star Wars: Racer Arcade (2000) – Arcade
 * Star Wars Episode I: Jedi Power Battles (2000/01) - PlayStation, Dreamcast, Game Boy Advance
 * Star Wars Episode I: Battle for Naboo (2000/01) - Nintendo 64, Windows
 * Star Wars Episode I: Obi-Wan's Adventures (2000) - Game Boy Color
 * Star Wars: Starfighter (2001) – Windows, PlayStation 2, Xbox, Arcade
 * Star Wars: Starfighter Special Edition (2001) Xbox
 * Star Wars: Starfighter (2003) Arcade
 * Star Wars: Obi-Wan (2001) - Xbox

After the release of Episode I in theaters in 1999, games from the prequel trilogy were released for most major platforms. The first releases were video game adaptation (action-adventure) and Star Wars Episode I: Racer, based on the podracing sequence in movie. Others, including Battle for Naboo and Jedi Power Battles, were released, but with little success. The first strategic game in the Star Wars expanded universe was titled Star Wars: Rebellion and broke new ground in that it incorporated ships and planets not found in the original canon, such as the Rebel Assault Frigate and the Bulwark Cruiser. But for all its ground-breaking new looks, it was not as successful as would have been hoped. The second strategic title, Star Wars: Force Commander was also released, but failed to keep up with other RTS games, since it was more focused on battling (with no resource gathering) and used a primitive 3D engine. About a decade later, resource gathering lost popularity in favor of faster-paced combat-centric RTS games.

Attack of the Clones

 * Star Wars: Jedi Starfighter (2002) PlayStation 2, Xbox
 * Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2002) (Action) PlayStation 2, GameCube, Xbox
 * Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones (2002) - Game Boy Advance
 * Star Wars: The New Droid Army (2002) - Game Boy Advance

In 2002, Attack of the Clones premiered in theaters, and another wave of Star Wars based games, including The Clone Wars, Star Wars Racer Revenge, and Bounty Hunter were released, this time focusing on events and characters from Attack of the Clones such as bounty hunter Jango Fett and the Clone Wars.

Star Wars: Jedi Starfighter was released, allowing the player to be a Jedi Master flying a Jedi starfighter. A third RTS game with a much more conventional approach to the genre's norms and using the Age of Kings engine, Star Wars: Galactic Battlegrounds, offered a better alternative to those seeking strategy in the Star Wars universe.

Revenge of the Sith

 * Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith (2005) - PlayStation 2, Xbox
 * Handheld and mobile: Nintendo DS, Game Boy Advance, Mobile

Adjoining the release of Revenge of the Sith, a video game adaptation (action) was also released close to the premiere, with various degrees of success. Star Wars: Republic Commando was also released in 2005.

Star Wars: The Clone Wars animated series

 * Star Wars: The Clone Wars – Lightsaber Duels (2008) - Wii
 * Star Wars: The Clone Wars – Jedi Alliance (2008) - Nintendo DS
 * Star Wars: The Clone Wars – Republic Heroes (2009) - Windows, PlayStation 2, Nintendo DS, PlayStation Portable, Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, Wii
 * Clone Wars Adventures (2010) - Windows, Mac (Shutdown)

Legends franchises
Formerly known as Star Wars Expanded Universe, this continuity was renamed into Legends in 2014 and all media based on them, including video games, ceased to be canon. The X-Wing series marked the start of the Star Wars games moving away from remaking the official films and began to focus more on the Expanded Universe. Other titles were published or licensed by LucasArts, such as The Software Toolworks's Star Wars Chess who also used the first "multimedia explosion" to release Rebel Assault (1993), which used FMV and photos extensively.

The 1996 Nintendo 64 title Star Wars: Shadows of the Empire was part of a LucasArts attempt to create a story between The Empire Strikes Back and Return of Jedi, putting the player in control of mercenary Dash Rendar. Shadows of the Empire featured fan-favorite parts from the Super Star Wars line, such as another reenactment of the Battle of Hoth, piloting a snowspeeder and tying a cable around AT-ATs legs. After the original trilogy was re-released as the "Special Editions" in 1997, LucasArts published other titles, including Star Wars: Yoda Stories and Star Wars Monopoly, as well as a Star Wars-themed fighting game, Star Wars: Masters of Teräs Käsi.

X-Wing

 * Star Wars: X-Wing (1993) - DOS, Macintosh
 * Expansion(s): Imperial Pursuit (1993) and B-Wing (1993)
 * Compilation: X-Wing (Collector's CD-ROM) (1994)

 * Star Wars: TIE Fighter (1994) - DOS, Macintosh
 * Expansion(s): Defender of the Empire (1994)
 * Compilation: TIE Fighter (Collector's CD-ROM) (1995)

 * Star Wars: X-Wing vs. TIE Fighter (1997) - Windows
 * Expansions: Balance of Power Campaigns (1997), and Flight School (1998)
 * Star Wars: X-Wing Alliance (1999) - Windows

Star Wars: X-Wing was one of the best-selling games of 1993, and established the beginning of the X-Wing computer game series, which garnered numerous awards and recognition. Star Wars: X-Wing was followed by several sequels and expansions, such as Star Wars: TIE Fighter, Star Wars: X-Wing vs. TIE Fighter, and Star Wars: X-Wing Alliance.

Rebel Assault

 * Star Wars: Rebel Assault (1993) DOS, Mac, Sega CD, 3DO
 * Star Wars: Rebel Assault II: The Hidden Empire (1995) DOS, PlayStation, Mac

Jedi Knight

 * Star Wars: Dark Forces (1995) DOS, Mac, PlayStation
 * Star Wars Jedi Knight: Dark Forces II (1997) Windows
 * Expansion(s): Star Wars Jedi Knight: Mysteries of the Sith (1998) Windows
 * Star Wars Jedi Knight II: Jedi Outcast (2002) Windows, Mac, Xbox, GameCube
 * Star Wars Jedi Knight: Jedi Academy (2003) Windows, Mac, Xbox

The first step towards modern games was done with 1995's Dark Forces, the first Star Wars first-person shooter video game. A hybrid adventure game incorporating puzzles and strategy, it featured new gameplay features and graphical elements not then common in other games, made possible by LucasArts' custom-designed game engine, called the Jedi. The game was well received and well reviewed, the game put the player in the role of Kyle Katarn, who would later appear in multiple games, novels, and comics. After the Special Edition original trilogy re-release in 1997, LucasArts published Star Wars Jedi Knight: Dark Forces II, then Star Wars Jedi Knight: Mysteries of the Sith released in 1999. In 2002, its sequel Jedi Outcast was released and gave players the first chance to experience advanced lightsaber duels, and it also detached itself from the usual idea of movie tie-ins. One year later, the last game in the Jedi Knight series, Jedi Academy was released. Katarn is a former Imperial stormtrooper who joins the Rebellion and ultimately becomes a Jedi, a plot arc similar to that of Finn in the 2015 film The Force Awakens.

Rogue Squadron

 * Star Wars: Rogue Squadron (1998) Windows, Nintendo 64
 * Star Wars Rogue Squadron II: Rogue Leader (2001) GameCube
 * Star Wars Rogue Squadron III: Rebel Strike (2003) GameCube
 * Note: The co-op campaign of Star Wars Rogue Squadron III: Rebel Strike, is composed of all the missions of the single player campaign of the previous game, Rogue Leader (except for two missions which are not included), and such missions can only be played in multiplayer, and can not be played in single-player. Additionally as a bonus, the game includes the Arcade games of Star Wars, The Empire Strikes Back, and Return of the Jedi.

Star Wars Racer

 * Star Wars Episode I: Racer (1999) Windows, Mac, Dreamcast, Nintendo 64
 * Handheld: Game Boy Color
 * Star Wars: Racer Arcade (2000) Arcade
 * Star Wars Racer Revenge (2002) PlayStation 2
 * Re-released for: PlayStation Store (2015), PlayStation 4 (2019)
 * Racer-related title:
 * Star Wars: Super Bombad Racing (2001) PlayStation 2

Galactic Battlegrounds

 * Star Wars: Galactic Battlegrounds (2001) Windows, Mac
 * Expansion(s): Star Wars: Galactic Battlegrounds: Clone Campaigns (2002) Windows, Mac

Starfighter

 * Star Wars: Starfighter (2001) Windows, PlayStation 2
 * Star Wars: Starfighter Special Edition (2001) Xbox
 * Star Wars: Starfighter (2003) Arcade
 * Star Wars: Jedi Starfighter (2002) Xbox, PlayStation 2

Knights of the Old Republic
In 2003, Knights of the Old Republic, a BioWare RPG that debuted on the Microsoft Xbox and PC. Knights (also known as KotOR among fans) was critically acclaimed, even winning "Game of the Year" at the Game Developers Choice Awards, (along with many other critics) in 2003. Knights of the Old Republic II: The Sith Lords was developed by Obsidian Entertainment and released in 2004. The Sith Lords was praised for its cerebral writing and moral ambiguity, similar to The Empire Strikes Back, but criticized for being derivative of the first game and being released in an incomplete state. Another MMORPG titled Star Wars: The Old Republic was developed by BioWare, which released globally on December 20, 2011. Pre-orders went up for sale in July 2011 and open beta weekends were confirmed for September 2011.
 * Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic (2003) Windows, Xbox, Mac, iOS, Android
 * Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic II: The Sith Lords (2004) Windows, Xbox, Mac
 * Star Wars: The Old Republic (2011) (MMORPG) Windows
 * Expansion(s): Rise of the Hutt Cartel (2013), Galactic Starfighter (2014), Galactic Strongholds (2014), Shadow of Revan (2014), Knights of the Fallen Empire (2015), Knights of the Eternal Throne (2016), Onslaught (2019) and Legacy of the Sith (2021)
 * Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic Remake (TBA) PlayStation 5, Windows
 * Canceled: Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic III Windows, Xbox
 * Mobile: Star Wars Knights of the Old Republic (2013) iOS, Android

Star Wars: Battlefront (Pandemic Studios)

 * Star Wars: Battlefront (2004) PlayStation 2, Windows, Xbox, Mac
 * Star Wars: Battlefront II (2005) PlayStation 2, Windows, Xbox, PlayStation Portable
 * Canceled: Star Wars: Battlefront III (2008) (PC, PS3, Xbox 360)
 * Handheld:
 * Star Wars Battlefront: Renegade Squadron (2007) PlayStation Portable
 * Star Wars Battlefront: Elite Squadron (2009) PlayStation Portable, Nintendo DS
 * Mobile:
 * Star Wars: Battlefront Mobile (2005)
 * Star Wars Battlefront: Mobile Squadrons (2009)

Pandemic Studios' Battlefront consisted of two games, Star Wars: Battlefront (2004) and Star Wars: Battlefront II in 2005, both games sharing three common platforms: the Xbox, PlayStation 2 and PC.

A third Star Wars: Battlefront title was planned for 2006 but was cancelled. Two spin-offs were released, Star Wars Battlefront: Renegade Squadron, released in 2007 for the PlayStation Portable and Star Wars Battlefront: Elite Squadron on November 3, 2009 for the Nintendo DS and the PlayStation Portable. Elite Squadron is the first Battlefront game to offer a transition from space to ground battles at the players choice. After Disney's acquisition of Lucasfilm and the restructuring of the Star Wars canon, the Battlefront series was rebooted by EA DICE.

Empire at War
Compilation: Star Wars: Empire at War: Gold Pack (game and expansion package) (2007) Windows
 * Star Wars: Empire at War (2006) Windows, Mac OS X
 * Expansion(s): Star Wars: Empire at War: Forces of Corruption (2006) Windows

The Force Unleashed
Star Wars: The Force Unleashed, released for the PlayStation 3, Xbox 360 and Wii, uses a new, detailed graphics engine. The Wii version utilizes the motion sensing and accelerometer capabilities of the Wii Remote (simulating the ability to swing a lightsaber) and its Nunchuk attachment (used to perform Force powers). Its sequel, Star Wars: The Force Unleashed II, was released in the United States on October 26, 2010.
 * Star Wars: The Force Unleashed (2008) Windows, Mac OS, Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 2, Wii
 * Complete edition re-release with all DLCs:Star Wars: The Force Unleashed - Ultimate Sith Edition (2009) Windows, Mac OS, Xbox 360, PlayStation 3
 * Handheld: PlayStation Portable, Nintendo DS, iOS (Star Wars: The Force Unleashed Mobile)
 * Star Wars: The Force Unleashed II (2010) Windows, Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, Wii
 * Handheld: Nintendo DS, iOS

1990s

 * Star Wars: Shadows of the Empire (1996) (3rd person shooter) Nintendo 64, Windows
 * Star Wars: Masters of Teräs Käsi (1997) (Fighting) PlayStation
 * Star Wars: Yoda Stories (1997) (Adventure) Windows
 * Handheld: (1997) Game Boy Color
 * Star Wars: Rebellion (Star Wars: Supremacy - UK) (1998) (Real-time strategy) Windows
 * Star Wars Trilogy Arcade (1998) (Rail shooter) Arcade
 * Star Wars Millennium Falcon CD-ROM Playset (1998) (Rail shooter-adventure) Windows

2000s

 * Star Wars: Force Commander (2000) (Real-time strategy) Windows
 * Star Wars: Demolition (2000) (Vehicular combat) PlayStation, Dreamcast
 * Star Wars: Bounty Hunter (2002) (Third person action) GameCube, PlayStation 2, Xbox
 * Star Wars: Republic Commando (2005) (First person shooter) Xbox, Windows
 * Mobile: Star Wars: Republic Commando: Order 66 (2005)
 * Compilation: Star Wars: The Best of PC (2006) (Compilation) Windows

2010s

 * Star Wars Battle Pod (2014) (Rail shooter) Arcade

Stand-alone handheld and mobile games
The following is a list of Star Wars titles that are handheld and mobile games. Additional handheld and mobile games are listed above. Unless otherwise mentioned, these games are also released for mobile phones.

 * Star Wars: Flight of the Falcon (2003) (Action/Space simulation) Game Boy Advance
 * Star Wars Trilogy: Apprentice of the Force (2004) Game Boy Advance
 * Star Wars: Battle For The Republic (2005)
 * Star Wars: Grievous Getaway (2005)
 * Star Wars Imperial Ace 3D
 * Star Wars: The Battle Above Coruscant (2005)
 * Star Wars: Lightsaber Combat (2005)
 * Star Wars Trivia (2005)
 * Star Wars: Ask Yoda (2005)
 * Star Wars: Puzzle Blaster (2005)
 * Star Wars: Lethal Alliance (2006) (Action-adventure) PlayStation Portable, Nintendo DS – set between episodes III & IV
 * Star Wars Cantina (2010)
 * Star Wars: Trench Run (2009) - iOS, Unity
 * Star Wars Battle of Hoth (2010)
 * Star Wars Arcade: Falcon Gunner (2010)
 * Star Wars: Imperial Academy (2010)
 * Star Wars: Force Collection (2013)
 * Star Wars: Tiny Death Star (2013)

Miscellanea games
The following games are more of Star Wars themed, rather than actually influencing the franchise's fictional plot, they are classified together because of sharing the same genre, rather than officially being part of the same series. Excluded are the games listed above.

Jakks Pacific Plug It In & Play TV Games

 * Star Wars: Lightsaber Battle Game (2005) Handheld TV game
 * Star Wars: Revenge of the Sith (2005) - Jakks Pacific TV Game
 * Star Wars GameKey (expansion) (2006)
 * Star Wars: Original Trilogy (2007) Jakks Pacific TV Game
 * Star Wars: Republic Squadron (2009) Jakks Pacific TV Game

Kinect Motion Sensor

 * Kinect Star Wars (2012) (Kinect) Xbox 360

Educational
Developed by Lucas Learning:

 * Star Wars: Yoda's Challenge
 * Star Wars: The Gungan Frontier
 * Star Wars: Droid Works (1999) Windows, Mac
 * Star Wars: Pit Droids Windows, iOS
 * Star Wars Math: Jabba's Game Galaxy (Developed by Argonaut Games)
 * Star Wars: JarJar's Journey Adventure Book
 * Star Wars: Anakin's Speedway
 * Star Wars: Early Learning Activity Center

Other educational:

 * Star Wars: Behind the Magic (1998) (Multimedia encyclopedia) Windows, Macintosh
 * Star Wars: Jedi Math (2008) (Educational) Leapster
 * Star Wars: Jedi Reading (2008) (Educational) Leapster
 * Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2008) (Platform/Educational) Didj
 * Star Wars: Jedi Trials (2009) Didj

Star Wars Galaxies (MMO/RPG)
Compilations: Star Wars Galaxies: Starter Kit (2005), Star Wars Galaxies: The Total Experience (2005), and Star Wars Galaxies: The Complete Online Adventures (2006)
 * Star Wars Galaxies: An Empire Divided (2003) Windows
 * Expansion(s): Star Wars Galaxies: Jump to Lightspeed (2004), Star Wars Galaxies: Episode III Rage of the Wookiees (2005), Star Wars Galaxies: Trials of Obi-Wan (2005),
 * Spin-off : trading card game : Star Wars Galaxies: Trading Card Games - Champions of the Force (2008, PC),

The first MMORPG, titled Star Wars Galaxies: An Empire Divided, was also released in 2003 and was subsequently followed in 2004 by its first expansion Jump to Lightspeed. Two more games, Star Wars Galaxies: Episode III Rage of the Wookiees (its second expansion, which ties in with the concurrently-released Revenge of the Sith), and after the films, more Star Wars titles continued to be developed and released. Empire at War (an RTS), was released in early 2006. While released and being active for years, Star Wars Galaxies' servers shut down on December 15, 2011. Notwithstanding the game's closure, there are several private emulator projects in various stages of development that intend to allow users to experience Star Wars Galaxies in different incarnations of the game's existence. However, since the game can no longer be played the way it was originally meant, the game is considered to be cancelled.

Closure of LucasArts and cancelled stand-alone-games
At E3 2012, EA with LucasArts announced Star Wars 1313, which focuses more on the life of a bounty hunter as he descends to the level 1313 on Coruscant to unravel a criminal plot. The game focuses more on gunplay and bounty hunter gameplay rather than the Force users and lightsabers combat. It was set to release in Fall 2013 for Xbox 360, PlayStation 3 and Windows. 1313 has subsequently been cancelled by LucasArts following its purchase by Disney. The following are the stand-alone Star Wars videogames that were canceled, the canceled titles that were part of a series are listed along its respective series.
 * Star Wars 1313 (2013) (Action-adventure)
 * Star Wars Outpost (2013)
 * Star Wars: First Assault (2013) (First-person shooter)
 * Star Wars: Attack Squadrons (2014)
 * Star Wars: Battle of the Sith Lords (Action-adventure)
 * Star Wars: Rivals (2018) (Third-person shooter)

With the 2012 acquisition of Lucasfilm by The Walt Disney Company, it was announced that LucasArts' development arm would stop making video games indefinitely. In addition to this, various online browser games have shut down their servers, and can no longer be played.

Electronic Arts gains the Star Wars license, and the restructuring of the Star Wars canon (2013–present)
After LucasArts was shut down, on May 6, 2013, Disney and Lucasfilm revealed a partnership with Electronic Arts that granted EA exclusive rights to produce Star Wars games for consoles and PC for a decade, with Disney retaining the freedom to handle the games for mobile platforms, such as smartphones, tablets, and browsers. On October 14, 2014, EA released its first Star Wars video game under the Disney brand, and their deal is set to expire on October 14, 2024.

On April 24, 2014, most of the previous licensed Star Wars video games, novels, and comics produced since the originating 1977 film Star Wars were rebranded as Star Wars Legends and declared non-canon to the franchise.

Among the EA subsidiaries responsible for creating the Star Wars games within the deal, were the developers DICE, BioWare, Visceral Games, and Respawn Entertainment. After the canon restructuring, EA announced their new games would fall under the restructured canon. As of the release of Star Wars Jedi: Survivor, all EA-produced Star Wars games are considered canonical, although only the ones with an actual "story mode" narrative.

Following the massive player reception of Star Wars Battlefront II and the success of Star Wars: Jedi Fallen Order, EA CEO Andrew Wilson said that they're doubling down on the Star Wars games, meaning that a possible revival for the Battlefront series or more video games that have yet to be reported in development.

In January 2021, it announced that Electronic Arts will no longer hold the exclusive rights to make Star Wars games. Though the license will be shipped off to other developers and publishers, Electronic Arts has some games in development for the near future.

The lower-than-expected sales and mixed fan reception towards Electronic Arts' handling of the Battlefront sub-franchise has led to rumors of Lucasfilm considering changing the terms of the license, which remains to expire on October 14, 2024, where Disney has confirmed that it will not renew its contract with EA. Lucasfilm was rumored to be courting either Ubisoft or Activision to either replace EA or share rights to develop Star Wars games with them.

Battlefront (EA DICE)

 * Star Wars Battlefront (2015) - PlayStation 4, Windows, Xbox One
 * Singleplayer and Multiplayer
 * Star Wars Battlefront II (2017) - PlayStation 4, Windows, Xbox One
 * Singleplayer and Multiplayer.

After the restructuring of the Star Wars canon, the Battlefront series formerly developed by Pandemic was rebooted by EA DICE. The first game was released in 2015, rushed into the market to tie in with the release of The Force Awakens. As a result of the shorter development time, developer EA DICE decided to take a significant departure from all previous installments of the franchise and focus the game entirely on online multiplayer, completely axing the inclusion of a single player campaign or any sort of narrative; the move was heavily criticized by fans, including Finn actor John Boyega. Only original trilogy characters (Luke Skywalker, Princess Leia, Han Solo, Boba Fett, Darth Vader and Emperor Palpatine) and planets (Tatooine, Hoth and Endor) were playable on launch. Downloadable content later added the planets Jakku (from The Force Awakens), Bespin (from The Empire Strikes Back), Scarif (from Rogue One), in addition to the Death Star battle station (from A New Hope), and heroes Nien Numb, Greedo (Outer Rim), Lando Calrissian, Dengar (Bespin), Chewbacca, Bossk (Death Star), and Jyn Erso and Director Krennic (Rogue One: Scarif). The first Battlefront also received a PlayStation VR add-on mission, the Rogue One X-Wing VR Mission.

The second Battlefront is the first in the series to be considered part of the Star Wars canon. It addresses a major criticism of the previous game by including a singleplayer campaign with a story mode set between the ending of Return of the Jedi and the beginning of The Force Awakens, in which the player controls an Imperial special forces commander named Iden Versio; additionally, characters from the films, including Luke Skywalker, Leia Organa, Han Solo, Lando Calrissian and Kylo Ren are playable. The multiplayer mode features characters from the original, prequel, and sequel trilogies, as well as anthology films. Future content was originally going to be distributed in a "season" system, though this was changed to monthly updates.

Star Wars Jedi: Fallen Order (2019)
Star Wars Jedi: Fallen Order is a singleplayer game developed by Respawn Entertainment. It was released on November 15, 2019, for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One. The story revolves around a survivor of Order 66, Cal Kestis, who is on the run from the Empire and its Inquisitors. Jedi: Fallen Order takes place between Revenge of the Sith and A New Hope.

Star Wars Jedi: Survivor (2023)
Star Wars Jedi: Survivor is a singleplayer game developed by Respawn Entertainment. It was released on April 28, 2023, for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series X and Series S, with plans of the game being ported to the Xbox One and PlayStation 4 still in the works. The story picks up 5 years after Star Wars Jedi: Fallen Order, as Cal Kestis and his Mantis crew continue to fight against the growing darkness in the galaxy.

Untitled third Star Wars Jedi game (TBA)
In September 2023, Monaghan confirmed that a third game in the series was in development.

Star Wars: Squadrons (2020)
Star Wars: Squadrons is an action video game developed by Motive Studios. It was revealed on June 15, 2020,  and was released on October 2, 2020, for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One, with a singleplayer campaign and multiplayer modes, alongside cross-platform play between all three platforms and virtual reality support for the PS4 and PC versions.

"Project Ragtag"
Prior to its closure in 2017, Visceral Games was working on an untitled game set in the time between Return of the Jedi and The Force Awakens. Amy Hennig, former Naughty Dog writer and director who oversaw the Uncharted series, joined Visceral as creative lead on the project codenamed Ragtag. On October 17, 2017, EA announced the closure of Visceral Games. EA reassigned the game to its EA Worldwide Studios, led by EA Vancouver, and said they will revamp the gameplay, which had been described as a linear, story-heavy title, into "a broader experience that allows for more variety and player agency". On 15 January 2019, Kotaku's Jason Schreier reported that the game codenamed "Project Ragtag" had been canceled according to three people familiar with goings-on at EA. Rogue One writer Gary Whitta openly criticized Electronic Arts for the cancelation, adding that he hoped Disney would hand the Star Wars licence to other companies.

Mobile games

 * Star Wars: Assault Team (2014)
 * Star Wars: Commander - Android, iOS, Windows Phone (2014)
 * Star Wars: Galactic Defense - Android, iOS (2014). Spans both the prequel and original trilogies.
 * Star Wars: Galaxy of Heroes - Android, iOS (2015). As of November 2019, the game covers the prequel, original and sequel eras, and the Expanded Universe; most of the EU content originates from the Knights of the Old Republic series of games.
 * Star Wars: Uprising - Android, iOS (2015, discontinued November 17, 2016)
 * Star Wars: Heroes Path - iOS (2015)
 * Star Wars Rebels: Recon Missions - Android, iOS, Windows Phone (2015)
 * Journeys series:
 * Journeys: The Phantom Menace - iOS (2014)
 * Journeys: Beginnings - iOS (2014)
 * Star Wars: Force Arena (2017) - Force Arena was a player versus player real-time strategy mobile game for iOS and Android. It was developed and published by Netmarble Games in association with Lucasfilm. Force Arena is set in the Rebellion era of the Star Wars storyline. Players control customized squads of characters and vehicles in a multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA) environment. The roster of over 80 available characters included Luke Skywalker, Princess Leia, Han Solo, Darth Vader, Palpatine, Grand Admiral Thrawn, Grand Moff Tarkin, Doctor Aphra, Ezra Bridger, and Jyn Erso.  The game was shut down in March 2019, following an announcement on December 19, 2018.

Non-exclusivity of Star Wars titles (2021–present)
In January 2021, Lucasfilm revived the Lucasfilm Games label as the licensing brand for all IP from the Lucasfilm production. This included a new Indiana Jones game to be produced by MachineGames, as well as a new open world Star Wars game to be produced by Ubisoft and Massive Entertainment, the first major non-EA Star Wars game. Lucasfilm did not speak to the state of EA's prior exclusive license to develop Star Wars games but affirmed EA would still be making such games, but stated that they "feel like there's room for others".

In February 2021, a free-to-play competitive arena combat game developed by Zynga called Star Wars: Hunters was announced. The game will be released for the Nintendo Switch and on the Apple and Google Play appstores.

On September 9, 2021 as part of the PlayStation Showcase, a remake of Knights Of The Old Republic is announced as a timed console exclusive for PlayStation 5 in development at Aspyr. Several voice actors and developers who have worked on the original are returning including Jennifer Hale as Bastila Shan.

On December 9, 2021, during the Game Awards event, a new Star Wars game called Star Wars Eclipse was announced, set in the High Republic Era, and is being developed by Quantic Dream.

On January 25, 2022, EA announced that Respawn had three Star Wars titles in development: A sequel to Star Wars Jedi: Fallen Order, a first-person shooter, and a strategy game with new studio Bit Reactor. The first-person shooter game was subsequently cancelled.

Star Wars crossover-based video game franchises developed by other companies
In some cases Lucasfilm has allowed other videogames franchises to do their own Star Wars games, resulting in crossover hybrid franchises, that are developed by other studios.

Table games

 * Star Wars Chess (1993) (Chess engine) DOS, Sega CD, Windows
 * Monopoly Star Wars (1996) Windows

Physical pinball

 * The Empire Strikes Back by Hankin (1980)

 * Star Wars by Data East (1992) -Star Wars is a 1992 pinball machine released by Data East. It is based on the Star Wars original trilogy of films.  A semi-official update, tweaking and refining the gameplay rules was released 20 years later.
 * Star Wars Original Trilogy by Sega Pinball (1997)
 * Star Wars Episode I by Williams (1999)
 * Star Wars by Stern Pinball (2017)
 * Star Wars The Pin by Stern Pinball (2019)
 * Star Wars: The Mandalorian by Stern Pinball (2021)

Virtual pinball
Zen Studios developed nineteen virtual pinball tables based on the Star Wars franchise, with none of them being imitations of previously released Star Wars physical pinball tables. All of them are released as downloadable content add-ons for the sequels to Pinball FX and Zen Pinball. A compilation of all 19 tables, titled Star Wars Pinball, is also available on iOS, Android and Nintendo Switch. The mobile versions of Star Wars Pinball, are paid apps whose price unlocks one particular table and all other tables are unlocked via in-app purchases, while the Switch version, released in 2019 as both a retail and digital title, includes immediate access to all tables, plus additional features. An Amazon Luna port of Star Wars Pinball has also been announced as a launch title.

Star Wars Pinball (2013) Windows, Mac, Wii U, Xbox 360, 3DS, PSVita, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Kindle Fire, Android, iOS
 * Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back (2013)
 * Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2013)
 * Star Wars Pinball: Boba Fett

Star Wars Pinball: Balance of the Force (2013) Xbox 360, PSVita, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Android, iOS
 * Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi (2013)
 * Star Wars Pinball: Darth Vader
 * Star Wars Pinball: Starfighter Assault

Star Wars Pinball: Heroes Within (2014) Xbox 360, PSVita, PS3, PS4, Android, iOS
 * Star Wars Pinball: Masters of the Force
 * Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope (2013)
 * Star Wars Pinball: Droids
 * Star Wars Pinball: Han Solo

Star Wars Pinball: Star Wars Rebels (2015)

Star Wars Pinball: The Force Awakens (2016)
 * Star Wars Pinball: Star Wars: Resistance
 * Star Wars Pinball: Might of the First Order

Star Wars Pinball: Rogue One (2017)

Star Wars Pinball: The Last Jedi (2018)
 * Star Wars Pinball: Ahch-To Island
 * Star Wars Pinball: The Last Jedi - Survive

Star Wars Pinball: Solo Pack (2018)
 * Star Wars Pinball: Solo
 * Star Wars Pinball: Calrissian Chronicles
 * Star Wars Pinball: Battle of Mimban

A twentieth pinball table, based on the first season of The Mandalorian, was announced to be in development in late October 2020 and due for a spring 2021 release, along with a 21st table based on toy Star Wars action figures, titled Star Wars: Classic Collection. Plans to include the two tables in Pinball FX 3 were scrapped in favor of adding them to a new Star Wars Pinball VR game released on April 29, 2021, running on Unreal Engine 5 after Zen Studios announced a partnership with Epic Games to use such engine for new pinball titles, including their upcoming Pinball FX reboot later in that year.

Lego Star Wars
Lego has licensed videogames based on their Lego Star Wars toys, as part of their Lego video games franchise. Due to the technical limitations of handhelds, the handheld versions always result in an entirely different game telling the same story as the console version. However, the PlayStation handheld versions tend to imitate more closely the console versions albeit with some reduced areas and features. Compilation(s): Lego Star Wars: The Complete Saga (2007), consisting of Lego Star Wars: The Video Game, and Lego Star Wars II: The Original Trilogy. Windows, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, Wii, Mac
 * Lego Star Wars: The Video Game (2005): Windows, PlayStation 2, Xbox, GameCube, Mac
 * Handheld(s): Nintendo DS, Game Boy Advance
 * Lego Star Wars II: The Original Trilogy (2006): Windows, PlayStation 2, Xbox, Xbox 360, GameCube, Mac
 * Handheld(s): Nintendo DS, Game Boy Advance, PlayStation Portable
 * Lego Star Wars III: The Clone Wars (2011): Windows, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, Wii, Mac
 * Handheld(s): Nintendo DS, Nintendo 3DS, PlayStation Portable
 * Lego Star Wars: The Force Awakens (2016): Windows, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 3, Xbox One, Xbox 360, Wii U, Mac
 * Handheld(s): Nintendo 3DS, PlayStation Vita
 * Lego Star Wars: The Skywalker Saga (2022): Windows, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One, Xbox Series S/X, Nintendo Switch
 * Handheld(s): Nintendo DS
 * Mobile: iOS, Android.

Other Lego mobile and web browser games

 * Lego Star Wars: The Quest for R2-D2 (2009): Unity
 * Lego Star Wars: Ace Assault (2011)
 * Lego Star Wars: Ace Assault 2 (2012)
 * Lego Star Wars: Battle Orders (2012): Unity
 * Lego Star Wars: The Yoda Chronicles (2013): Android, iOS
 * Lego Star Wars: The New Yoda Chronicles (2014): Android, iOS
 * Lego Star Wars: Microfighters (2014): Android, iOS
 * Lego Star Wars: Battles (2021): Apple Arcade
 * Lego Star Wars: Castaways (2021): Apple Arcade

Angry Birds Star Wars
Rovio Entertainment made two Star Wars games.
 * Angry Birds Star Wars (2012)
 * Angry Birds Star Wars II (2013)

Disney Infinity
The third installment of the Disney Infinity series included Star Wars characters for the first time as playable characters, alongside characters from other franchises owned by Disney, including characters from the Marvel and Pixar films.
 * Disney Infinity 3.0 (2015): Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360, Xbox One, Wii U, iOS, Android

Guest appearances of Star Wars characters in other video game franchises
This category refers to video games from other franchises where the inclusion of Star Wars characters is very minor and restricted only to small easter eggs or an unlockable character cameo.

Multiple guest-appearances in a series

 * Tony Hawk's Pro Skater series:
 * Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 3 (2001), Activision – Skateboarding game featuring unlockable Darth Maul. (Nintendo GameCube, Xbox, PlayStation 2, PC)
 * Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 4 (2002), Activision – Skateboarding game featuring unlockable Jango Fett. (Nintendo GameCube, Xbox, PlayStation 2, PC)
 * Indiana Jones series:
 * Indiana Jones and the Staff of Kings (2009), LucasArts – Action-adventure game featuring unlockable Han Solo. Wii, PlayStation 2, Nintendo DS, PlayStation Portable
 * Lego Indiana Jones series:
 * Lego Indiana Jones: The Original Adventures (2008), LucasArts – Action-adventure game featuring unlockable Han Solo and cameos from other Star Wars characters. (Wii, Nintendo DS, Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 2, PlayStation Portable, Windows)
 * Lego Indiana Jones 2: The Adventure Continues (2009), LucasArts - Action-adventure game featuring cameos from Star Wars characters. (Wii, Nintendo DS, Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, PlayStation Portable, Windows)
 * Minecraft (2009) - Various Star Wars DLC packs with Star Wars character skins released.  (PlayStation 4, Xbox One, Windows, Switch)
 * Fortnite (2017) - A cosmetic Stormtrooper outfit was added to Fortnite in 2019. Din Djarin and Grogu from The Mandalorian also appeared as purchasable cosmetics in the 2020 chapter two, season five event, Zero Point. Djarin's Amban sniper rifle and his jetpack were included in the event as usable items.
 * The Sims 4: Journey to Batuu (2020) - The ninth game pack for the life simulation video game The Sims 4, which is focused on adventures on the distant planet of Batuu. It was released on PC, Mac, Xbox One and PlayStation 4 on September 8, 2020.

Single appearances

 * Night Shift (1990), Lucasfilm Games – Platform game featuring action figures of various Star Wars characters. Amiga, Atari ST, Commodore 64, Mac, PC, Amstrad CPC, ZX Spectrum
 * Secret Weapons Over Normandy (2003), LucasArts – Flight simulation game featuring unlockable X-Wing and TIE Fighter. Xbox, PlayStation 2, PC
 * Mercenaries: Playground of Destruction (2005), LucasArts – Features unlockable character Han Solo. Xbox, PlayStation 2
 * Soulcalibur IV (2008), Namco Bandai Games – Fighting game. At release featuring Darth Vader in the PlayStation 3 version, with Yoda in the Xbox 360 version, and Darth Vader's apprentice Galen Starkiller Marek in both versions. Months after the release, Darth Vader and Yoda were made available for purchase as downloadable content, each at the version they were absent at release. Each of the Star Wars characters had his own ending on the "Story Mode". However, in late 2016, all of the DLC in Soulcalibur IV was removed from the PlayStation and Microsoft stores for unknown reasons. It was later revealed to be due to unexpected licensing legal problems caused by Disney's purchase of Star Wars.

Fan-made Star Wars games

 * Star Wars MUSH was an unlicensed text-based role-playing game active in the early 1990s.

Galaxy in Turmoil
On January 25, 2016, Frontwire Studios began an attempt to produce an unofficial Battlefront installment called Galaxy in Turmoil. The fan made game was in production using Unreal Engine 4 and was based on the cancelled Star Wars: Battlefront III by Free Radical Design. Although early versions of the game contained assets from Free Radical Design, they soon became "place holders" as the full game planned to be released using assets and music made from the ground up. On June 4, 2016, Galaxy in Turmoil gained a distribution deal through Valve and was planned to be released for free on Steam which generated a fair amount of attention.

On June 22, 2016 Lucasfilm requested the production of Galaxy in Turmoil be halted. On July 31, 2016, Frontwire Studios announced the cancellation of the game was due to the "possibility of Galaxy in Turmoil taking away attention from Electronic Arts' Battlefront franchise". Proposals of Galaxy in Turmoil falling under the paywall of Electronic Arts, and ideas of Lucasfilm giving Frontwire Studios a Star Wars IP licence were both rejected due to an agreement between Electronic Arts and Lucasfilm. Although Frontwire Studios may have fallen within Fair Use laws, legal conflict was avoided and the fan made Star Wars inspired project was canceled. There is a playable alpha that contains assets from Free Radical Design that was released to the public then removed early on within Galaxy in Turmoil's lifetime. Galaxy in Turmoil is now planned to be released as a brand new "cyber-punk" themed IP without any Star Wars references, but still with Battlefront III-inspired mechanics including space-to-ground battles.

title: Star Wars video games


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Wood stain

Wood stain "Rosewood color" is a type of paint used to colour wood comprising colourants dissolved and/or suspended in a vehicle or solvent. Pigments and/or dyes are largely used as colourants in most stains.

The initial application of any paint or varnish is absorbed into the substrate similarly to stains, but the binder from a stain resides mainly below the surface while the pigment remains near the top or at the surface.

Description
Wood stain is a type of paint used to colour wood. It consists of colourants dissolved and/or suspended in a vehicle or solvent. Vehicle is the preferred term, as the contents of a stain may not be truly dissolved in the vehicle, but rather suspended, and thus the vehicle may not be a true solvent. The vehicle often may be water, alcohol, a petroleum distillate, or a finishing agent such as shellac, lacquer, varnish and polyurethane. Coloured or stained finishes do not typically deeply penetrate the pores of the wood and may largely disappear when the finish deteriorates or is removed.

Composition
Stain is composed of the same three primary ingredients as paint (pigment, solvent (or vehicle), and binder) but is predominantly vehicle, then pigment and/or dye, and lastly a small amount of binder. Much like the dyeing or staining of fabric, wood stain is designed to add colour to the substrate (wood and other materials) while leaving some of the substrate still visible. Transparent varnishes or surface films are applied afterwards. In principle, stains do not provide a durable surface coating or film. However, because the binders are from the same class of film-forming binders that are used in paints and varnishes, some build-up of film occurs.

Colourants
Pigments and/or dyes are largely used as colourants in most stains. The difference between the two is in the solubility and in the size of the particles. While dyes are molecules that dissolve into the vehicle, pigments are larger than molecules and are temporarily suspended in the vehicle, usually settling out over time. Stains with primarily dye content are said to be 'transparent', while stains with more pigment in them are said to be 'solid' (opaque); some stains may be called 'semi-solid' or 'semi-transparent', and these may be interchangeable terms, and the relative transparency or opaqueness may fall somewhere between the two extremes.

Typically, dyes will colour very fine-grained woods (such as cherry or maple) while pigments will not colour woods such as these as well. Fine-grained woods generally have pores that are too small for the pigments to settle into. As a result, usually pigment-containing stains will also include a small amount of a 'binder' which helps to adhere the pigments to the wood. A common binder would be a drying oil such as linseed oil.

Most commercial stains contain both dyes and pigments, though often in varying colours and ratios (to each other) depending on the desired colouring effect. Additionally, to some extent, the degree to which a stain will colour a particular wood may be dependent on the length of time it is left on the wood, with longer exposure times accomplishing deeper colouration. Typically a 'transparent' stain will accentuate the wood grain (as it is transparent), while a more 'solid' stain will tend to obscure the wood grain (as it is more opaque, akin to what we would usually call 'paint'). Pigments, regardless of the suspension agent, will not give much colour to very dense woods but will deeply colour woods with large pores (e.g. pine).

A combination of coffee and vinegar or water is a natural alternative to synthetic wood stain.

Comparison with paint and varnish
The initial application of any paint or varnish is similarly absorbed into the substrate, but because stains contain lower amounts of binder, the binder from a stain resides mainly below the surface while the pigment remains near the top or at the surface. Stains that employ metallic pigments such as iron oxides usually are more opaque; first because metallic pigments are opaque by nature, but also because the particles of which they consist are much larger than organic pigments and therefore do not penetrate as well. Most wood stains for interior uses (e.g. floors and furniture) require a secondary application of varnish or finish for longer-term protection of the wood, and also to adjust for matte or gloss effects. Stains are differentiated from varnishes in that the latter usually has no significant added colour or pigment and is designed primarily to form a protective surface film. Some products are marketed as a combination of stain and varnish.

High viscosity stains
Siding stain is one variety of wood stain with very high viscosity (others can be quite thin). Effectively, siding stains are paints that do not cover as well and do not form a hard film. They are designed to penetrate better and contain binders that are softer and more flexible, allowing them to last longer than harder, more brittle paints. Siding stain protects against solar radiation especially UV radiation, water, fungus including mildew, and insects. Different siding stains are distinguished by the appearance they impart to wood. Certain solvent-based or oil-based siding stains contain small amounts of paraffin wax, which cannot be painted over, although re-staining is still possible.

Gel stains are a late 20th century innovation in stain manufacturing, in that they are high-viscosity liquids and do not 'flow'. This property allows more control during application, particularly when the wood is in a vertical position, which can often cause traditional liquid stains to run, drip, or pool. Gel stains often have limited penetrating ability, as they are thixotropic (a liquid that nevertheless does not flow).

Absorption
Applying stains can be very easy or very difficult depending on the type of substrate, type of stain, and the ambient conditions. Fresh, "green" lumber accepts stain poorly, while aged wood absorbs stains relatively well. Porosity of wood can vary greatly, even within the same piece of wood. End grain and bias-cut grain are far more absorbent, thus will accept more pigment and will darken considerably in those areas. The hard ring may absorb differently from the soft ring. The characteristic medullary rays in oak will absorb much less and remain mostly blonde. Woods that have been heavily subjected to paint strippers or washed down with detergents or solvents will have an increased open grain and accept substantially more stain than normal. Woods from different species of trees can have huge variations in how well they take stain. Different wood species stain differently—the overall colour and shade is a result of a combination of the stain and properties of the wood. For example, although medium-to-dark stains tend to look blotchy on maple, they get deeper and more glowing on cherry, with a more consistent colouration. Stains that are fast drying will be difficult to apply in hot weather or in direct sunlight. Stains that are slow-drying will be difficult to work with in damp and cold conditions due to a greatly lengthened evaporation and curing period. New lumber, such as pine, can have waxlike sealants put on at the mill that will prevent proper staining; stripping or sanding the surface may be required. White stains composed of metal oxides, namely titanium dioxide and zinc oxide, do not penetrate well and remain on the surface. In such cases, wear easily reveals unstained wood. They are also fairly opaque.

Preparation
Thorough preparation of the wood (usually by sanding) is necessary to obtain equal absorption of the stain and thus an even finish. White stain on a bare softwood or oak floor might require a final 'prep' sanding by hand with an orbital/vibrating sander with 80 or 100 grit, whereas certain hardwoods might be orbitally or hand sanded with 220 grit and higher for a darkish organic stain on furniture. Though it is not as durable, "garnet" is usually the preferred sandpaper for hand-sanding bare wood; this is due to a sharper and faster cutting grit, and because it does not impart colour from the grit, as aluminium oxide or silicon carbide can do. Other methods include "rubbing" with rottenstone etc.

In certain cases it is necessary to clean the wood or remove existing stains prior to staining the wood with a commercial stain in order to avoid damaging the wood. This can be the case for both unfinished and finished wood.

Cleaning stained wood
There are special considerations when cleaning stained wood. One of the most common stains is water stains on stained wood. Techniques to remove water stains have been documented which use a hot iron to remove the water stain.

Special caution should be used when trying to remove stains from a stained wood to avoid damaging the original stain. This is especially important with antiques.

title: Wood stain


text:
File:Singles196365.boxset.cover.jpg

Fair use in Singles 1963-1965
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) It's a low resolution copy of a CD/album cover.
 * 2) It doesn't limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the CD/album in any way, in fact, it may encourage sales.
 * 3) Because of the low resolution, copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the album artwork on another CD.
 * 4) The image is itself a subject of discussion in the article or used in the infobox thereof.
 * 5) The image on the cover is significant because it was made by a famous artist.

Source

 * 1) Derived from a digital capture (scan/photo) of the album/CD cover (creator of this digital version is irrelevant as the copyright in all equivalent images is still held by the same party). Copyright held by the record company or the artist. Claimed as fair use regardless.

title: File:Singles196365.boxset.cover.jpg