text:
Persepolis F.C.

Persepolis Football Club is an Iranian professional football club based in Tehran that competes in the Persian Gulf Pro League. Persepolis F.C. is the football club of the multisport Persepolis Athletic and Cultural Club. The club was owned by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports until April 2024 when, due to Asian Football Confederation licensing regulations, an 85% majority ownership stake was transferred to a consortium of six Iranian banks. Ten percent of the club's share is publicly available on the Tehran Stock Exchange.

Persepolis was founded in 1963 by Ali Abdo and has been in the first division of Iranian football since 1968. The club has played at its home ground, Azadi Stadium, since 1973. They contest the Tehran Derby against rival team Esteghlal, a match that is closely followed by Iranian football fans and considered to be one of the biggest in Asia. According to the Asian Football Confederation, Persepolis is one of the most popular football club in Asia. At the AFC Champions League, 11 of the top 20 matches by attendance were played by Persepolis. Persepolis has also broken the record of 100,000 attendees in four matches at the AFC Champions League. Persepolis has won a record fifteen Iranian league titles, as well as seven Hazfi Cups, five Super Cups and the 1990–91 Asian Cup Winners' Cup. Many notable players have played for the club, including former Bundesliga players Ali Karimi, Ali Daei, Vahid Hashemian and Mehdi Mahdavikia. Ali Parvin, who spent 18 years with the club from 1970 to 1988, is widely regarded as the club's greatest player.

Shahin F.C. (1942–1967)
Shahin was established in 1942 by Dr. Abbas Ekrami, a teacher. Ekrami founded the club with the help of his young students and adopted the motto: "".

Shahin produced many talented players, including Parviz Dehdari, Masoud Boroumand, Homayoun Behzadi, Jafar Kashani, Hossein Kalani and Hamid Shirzadegan, as well as players who played for the Iran national football team. Shahin was popular in the 1960s, but the Football Federation Islamic Republic of Iran (FFIRI) and Keihan Varzeshi (Iran's most important sports publication at the time) viewed that popularity as a threat. The conflict between FFIRI and the team grew to a head on 9 July 1967—two days after Shahin's 3–0 win against Tehranjavan F.C.—when the FFIRI dissolved the clubm. League attendance dropped and other clubs, including Pas, Rah Ahan and Oghab, attempted to sign Shahin players.

Establishment early years (1963–1969)
Persepolis Athletic and Cultural Club was established in 1963 by Ali Abdo. Abdo had returned to Iran from the United States and was a championship boxer.

Persepolis F.C. started the 1968 season with Dehdari as manager. Under Dehdari, the club signed many of Shahin's former players, thereby retaining its popularity. The team was initially quite weak, and participated in Iran's second division. The best player on the team then was Mahmoud Khordbin.

The club, using four Shahin players, had a friendly match with Jam Abadan, a respected team at the time. After the match, the remainder of the Shahin players joined Persepolis. That year, no league competition was held, as many teams had been dissolved, so a 44-team tournament was held. Persepolis, along with Pas, Taj and Oghab, finished top of the group.

The next year Persepolis was the first Iranian club to compete at the Asian Champion Club Tournament held in Thailand, where they were eliminated in the group stage.

Takht Jamshid Cup (1969–1979)
In 1969, Mahmoud Khayami, one of the founders of automobile company Iran National, negotiated with Persepolis and signed all former Shahin players, except for Aziz Asli and Mahmoud Khordbin, to his new team, Paykan Tehran F.C. Paykan won the championship that year, but the new players moved back to Persepolis at the end of the season.

In 1971, Persepolis won its first ever championship in the Iranian League; Persepolis had ended the season with 13 wins and 1 draw in 14 weeks. In 1972, Abdo announced Persepolis as the first professional football club in Iran. The club did not enter the domestic league and only played against foreign clubs; a few months later, it became amateur again. In 1973, the Takht Jamshid Cup was established. Persepolis won the inaugural Cup and again in 1975. That year, Persepolis lost just two matches of thirty matches. Persepolis is the most successful club in the Takht Jamshid Cup league, clinching two championship titles and finishing three times as runner-up.

Success under tough conditions (1979–1990)
With the Iranian Revolution in 1979, Abdo returned to United States. Although Persepolis won the Espandi Cup, the club fell apart and many of its old players did not return. The club's property was sequestered by the government-run Oppressed and Veterans Foundation and the club was placed under the management of the Physical Education Organization.

In 1981, the Physical Education Organization declared that the name of the club would change, but club officials, players and fans opposed the move. In protest, the team did not appear in a match against Homa in the Tehran league, losing 3–0 by default and handing Homa the championship. In 1986, the club was taken over by the Oppressed and Veterans Foundation and renamed Azadi. Players declared that they would not play for the club if the name change went through. After a brief period, the Foundation handed control back to the Physical Education Organization. On 16 February 1987, the Physical Education Organization renamed the club Pirouzi with the players' agreement; fans still called the name Persepolis, however. On 10 April 2012, club chairman Mohammad Rouyanian announced that the club's official name was Persepolis.

In the 1980s, the club only played in the Tehran League and various elimination tournaments. Persepolis was successful and maintained its popularity, winning the Tehran League five seasons in a row. During that time, Ali Parvin served as player-manager.

Revitalization (1990–2001)
The 1990s were a successful decade for the team, with four league championships, two Hazfi Cups, a strong roster and renewed support. At one point, more than six Persepolis players were starters on Iran's national team. The team won the national championship in the 1995–96 season, coming back from being 10 points behind Bahman to be 6 points ahead of the league runner-up. They won the league again the next season, again finishing ahead of the runner up by 6 points. In the same year they were stopped by the Korean Pohang Steelers in the semi-finals of the Asian Champions' Cup.Persepolis finished third, defeating Iraq's Al-Zawraa in the third place match in 1996–97 ACC.

The team withdrew from National League in the following season because a large number of players were on the national team and the club had commitment to play in the Asian Champions' Cup. The poor scheduling and mismanagement of both the FFIRI and AFC officials led to this unprofessional event. This prevented Persepolis from possibly winning a third consecutive league championship. Persepolis did not have much luck in the Asian Champion's cup either, as they were once again stopped in the semi-finals, this time by Chinese club, Dalian Wanda; they lost the third place match to Al-Hilal.

The 1996–97 and 1997–98 Persepolis teams are considered by many to be among the greatest Iranian clubs to ever play. National team players and future superstars, such as Ahmadreza Abedzadeh, Khodadad Azizi, Karim Bagheri, Ali Daei, Mehdi Mahdavikia, Mehrdad Minavand and Ali Karimi played for the club during those seasons.

After the World Cup 1998, several of Persepolis' best players were transferred to European clubs, but Persepolis maintained a talented squad, with future national team members Ali Karimi and Hamed Kavianpour joining the club. They won the 1998–99 championship as well as the Hazfi Cup that season. They also won the 1999–2000 league championship, again finishing third in the Asian Champions Cup. This would be their last championship in the Azadegan League era. Most of Persepolis' championships at the time were won while Ali Parvin was the manager and Amirali Abedini was the chairman.

IPL era (2001–present)
Persepolis joined the Iran Pro League (IPL) when it was formed in 2001. By the end of the inaugural season, they were in a close race with their rival Esteghlal, which led the league by two points going into the final day of the regular season. Esteghlal's loss to Malavan and Persepolis' 1–0 win against Fajr Sepasi in their last games of the season gave Persepolis a one-point lead and the first-ever IPL championship. Persepolis finished third in the 2002–03 season; they also failed to advance out of the group stage in the newly created AFC Champions League.

When Akbar Ghamkhar took over as club chairman, he made several changes in an effort to improve the team. He made player and staff salaries public, angering Parvin, the highest paid player on the team. Ghamkhar hired coach Vinko Begović and entered into contracts with several prominent players. Persepolis had a good start in the 2003–04 season, but things deteriorated. Begović left the team and German manager Rainer Zobel was bought in. Ghamkhar was also replaced with Hojatollah Khatib, who brought back Parvin as the club's technical director. The club finished fifth in the standings in the 2004–05 season.

The club experienced major financial problems as some of the spending decisions made in previous years had overextended the club. Persepolis finished the 2005–06 season in ninth place, the lowest it had ever placed. Parvin left the club in February 2006, vowing to never return to Persepolis following a 4–2 loss to Fajr Sepasi in Azadi Stadium; after the game, fans had cursed at Parvin and the players.

Khatib resigned as chairman and Mohammad Hassan Ansarifard was elected to the post by the club council. Arie Haan was brought in as the new manager, helping the team make it to the 2005–06 Hazfi Cup final, but he was fired by the club just before the 2006–07 season began. Turkish manager Mustafa Denizli signed with the team on 17 August 2006. Denizili's first match was the final cup matchWith the final cup match being his first one as the club's manager, Denizli was not able to help the club win the Hazfi Cup in 2006, a cup that the team needed to gain entry into the Asian Champion's League and to receive financial benefits by doing so.

The club did not win the Hazfi Cup in 2007, losing to Sepahan in the semi-finals. The club finished third in the 2006–07 IPL, and Denizli left the club after Ansarifard resigned as chairman in June 2007.

Afshin Ghotbi: Emperor epoch
Habib Kashani became the club chairman in June 2007 and selected Afshin Ghotbi as head coach of Persepolis for the 2007–08 season. Ghotbi promised to lead Persepolis to the IPL championship; the club started the IPL with a 3–2 win over Sanat Naft. Persepolis was undefeated until the 17th round, where they suffered a 2–1 loss to Sepahan. On 9 January 2008, the disciplinary committee of the FFIRI penalized Sepahan with a five-point deduction because its fans had seriously injured a security soldier. This was later reduced to three points. Persepolis was also docked six points by FIFA because of unpaid wages to a number of former players. This placed Persepolis behind Sepahan in the standings. Near the end of the season, Sheys Rezaei and Mohammad Reza Mamani were expelled by the team after both players showed poor behaviour towards club players, coaches and management, and for other non-football related issues. Habib Kashani and Mahmoud Khordbin both suffered heart attacks during the season. Persepolis cut Sepahan's seven-point lead to two points by the last game of the season. In the last week, Persepolis defeated Sepahan, when Sepehr Heidari scored a 90+6th-minute goal in front of over 110,000 fans in Azadi Stadium, earning Persepolis its second championship in the IPL and a slot in the Asian Champions League. Persepolis, Ghotbi, and Mohsen Khalili won the Team, Manager and Player of the year titles at the 2007–2008 Golden Ball awards.

Ghotbi's contract expired at the end of the season and he decided to leave the club. His assistant, Hamid Estili, was very close to management but Kashani and other club officials resigned because of conflicts between them and the Iran Physical Education Department. Dariush Mostafavi was then selected as club chairman. Mostafavi promised to bring Ghotbi back. Negotiations were successful, and on 4 July 2008, Ghotbi signed a two-year contract with Persepolis. Ghotbi had many problems with Mostafavi and resigned on 19 November 2008. When talking to the popular Iranian show 90, Ghotbi teared up when discussing leaving Persepolis and the fans who had given him the nickname Emperor. Ghotbi left the team in mid-season after a series of losses and eventually became head coach of the Iran national football team.

After the resignation of Ghotbi, his assistant Afshin Peyrovani was named as interim head coach of the club; he led the team in 11 matches in Iran Pro League, and was replaced with former Portugal and Saudi Arabia manager, Nelo Vingada. Vingada's contract was terminated at the end of the season.

Daei years
After Vingada was fired as head coach of the club, former Croatia and Dinamo Zagreb manager Zlatko Kranjčar was hired as his successor, but he was quickly replaced with former Persepolis and Iran national football team captain, Ali Daei. At the end of the 2009–10 Season, Persepolis finished fourth in the league, but they won the Hazfi Cup. In the Hazfi Cup final, Persepolis defeated Azadegan League club Gostaresh Foolad Tabriz 4–1 on aggregate to qualify for the 2011 AFC Champions League. In the 2010–11 season, Persepolis finished fourth in the league and was eliminated in the group stage of the 2011 AFC Champions League. At the end of the season, Persepolis won the 2010–11 Hazfi Cup after defeating rivals Sepahan, Foolad and Malavan. The technical committee chose Hamid Estili as Daei's successor Under the management of Daei, Persepolis won back to back trophies for the first time in 13 seasons.

After Daei's resignation, Hamid Estili, Mustafa Denizli, Manuel José and Yahya Golmohammadi managed Persepolis, four head coaches over two seasons. Golmohammadi led Persepolis to the final of the Hazfi Cup, where they lost to Sepahan on penalties. After the Hazfi Cup, Golmohammadi announced that he would not be managing Persepolis the following season.

Daei returned to the club and signed a three years contract before the start of 2013–14 season. Under Daei, Persepolis finished second with 55 points, 2 points behind champions Foolad. Persepolis retained its place in the AFC Champions League after a two-year absence. After a poor start to the 2014–15 season which left Persepolis in 9th place, Daei was sacked and replaced by Hamid Derakhshan.

Ivanković years
On 5 April 2015, Hamid Derakhshan resigned as head coach of Persepolis and was temporarily replaced by Hossein Abdi. On the following day, former Iran national football team manager Branko Ivanković was named as new head coach of the club.

On 15 May 2015, Ivanković won his first Tehran derby after a 1–0 victory over Esteghlal. Later that week, on 19 May 2015, Persepolis defeated Al-Hilal 1–0 in the first leg of AFC Champions League round of 16. In the second leg they lost 3–0 against Al-Hilal and were eliminated.

After the departure of Mohammad Nouri, the club named Hadi Norouzi as the captain for the 2015–16 season. Persepolis was also very active in the summer transfer season, adding Iranian international Ramin Rezaeian, Croatian defender Luka Marić and Honduras international Jerry Bengtson.

On 1 October 2015, club captain Hadi Norouzi died in his sleep at the age of 30 after an apparent heart attack. After Norouzi's death, Persepolis improved their form and won several games in a row, propelling them to the top 3 midway through the season. After a historic 4–2 win against Esteghlal in the Tehran derby, the team moved into first place. However, after a loss to Naft Tehran on 28 April, the team dropped down to third place. Persepolis won the following week's match against Gostaresh Foolad and moved into second place, behind Esteghlal Khuzestan on goal difference. A final day win on 13 May 2016 against Rah Ahan was not enough for Persepolis, as Esteghlal Khuzestan also won their game and were crowned champions of Persian Gulf Pro League 2015–16.

Before the 2016–17 season, Persepolis added national team members Alireza Beiranvand, Jalal Hosseini and Vahid Amiri. Persepolis started the season strong and never dropped below third place. They set records for the lowest number of goals conceded and most points accumulated after 17 weeks in a Persian Gulf Pro League season. On 15 April 2017, Persepolis became the champions of the season with three weeks remaining until the end of the season. After a victory against Machine Sazi, Persepolis claimed its third championship in the Persian Gulf Pro League and its 10th championship in total. Persepolis defended its championship in the Persian Gulf Pro League 2017–18 and won Super cup.

On 30 May 2017, Persepolis advanced to the quarterfinals in the AFC Champions League, for the first time in its current format, after defeating Qatari club Lekhwiya 1–0 in the Round of 16. Persepolis beat Saudi club Al Ahli 5–3 on aggregate to make it to the semi-finals, where they lost to Al Hilal 6–2 on aggregate. In 2018, Persepolis advanced to the AFC Champions League finals, losing 2–0 in the first leg. Persepolis were held to a goalless draw by the Kashima Antlers of Japan in the second leg of the AFC Champions League. On 16 May 2019, Ivanković lead the team to a Persian Gulf Pro League championship with a hat-trick. He left the club at the end of season after four years, winning a record seven trophies for a foreign coach.

Colours and crest

Persepolis Football Club was named after Persepolis, the capital of the Achaemenid Empire. The club logo incorporates elements from the location. The first design of Persepolis' crest used the Faravahar, an ancient Persian and Zoroastrian symbol depicting a man with three-feathered falcon wings. After using the crest on its shirt in its early years, the team stopped including the crest on its shirt until the 1980s. In the middle of the 1980s, the team created a new crest based on an image depicted on a column at Apadana. The image consists of two bull heads attached to one body, with a cup on top and the Olympic symbols underneath. The bull is a symbol of productivity in ancient Persian beliefs and Persian Literature, and the cup on the top of the column represents the championship. The team then changed the crest again in the middle of the 1990s to a more stylised image: the crest became bent and the Olympic rings were dropped, the cup became more explicit, and the bull heads leaned toward the cup. This version was used until 2004, when the team restored the Olympic rings and replaced the bulls with the Homa, a mythological bird and symbol used in the architecture of Persepolis. During the 2011–2012 season, and before 74th Tehran derby, the club released a new version of its logo This current version of the club's logo incorporates the previous version into a red shield-shaped frame and includes the name of Persepolis in Persian and English. One of Persepolis' nicknames is Sorkhpoushan, stemming from their traditional kit, which is predominantly red. From the foundation of the club, the common home kit includes a red shirt, red (in some seasons black or white) shorts and red socks. White and black colours are also seen in the kit. In the early 1970s, the players wore black shorts. White shorts were used in the late 1970s, and red shorts became predominant in the 1980s.

In the 2006–07 season, fans saw the team wear red-and-white striped shirts. The away kit of the club usually includes a white background.

Stadium and facilities

When Persepolis was founded, the football team did not have a stadium, although it had gymnasiums, swimming pools and bowling alleys. Ali Abdo bought some land in the Ekbatan area of Tehran and constructed a stadium there. At the time, it was known as Apadana Stadium. Persepolis played only one game at the stadium because the seating was poorly organised and other Iranian clubs would not cooperate to play there. Persepolis then used the stadium as a training ground.

Around the mid-1970s, Abdo had to sell much of the club's property to keep the club functioning due to its poor financial situation; he sold Apadana Stadium to Rah Ahan for 200,000 tomans in 1975. Apadana Stadium is now called Rah Ahan Stadium. Due to the Iranian Islamic Revolution in 1979, club properties were confiscated by the Oppressed and Veterans Foundation. Bowling Abdo, the club's original headquarters, was burnt down, and Abdo returned to the United States.

Azadi Stadium
Before the construction of Azadi Stadium in 1971, Persepolis played its matches at Amjadieh (Shahid Shiroudi) Stadium. Since its construction, the team has played almost all of their home games at Azadi Stadium, except for the 2002–03 season, when they played all but two of their home matches at Tehran's Takhti Stadium while renovations were taking place at Azadi.

In mid-2006, Persepolis considered buying Shahre Ghods Stadium, but the deal fell through due to Persepolis' poor financial situation and the long distance between the city center and the stadium.

Derafshifar Stadium

Derafshifar Stadium is Persepolis' training ground and academy base. Inside the complex, there are training areas, a hotel and pools. There is also a sauna, steam and weight rooms, a restaurant, conference rooms and offices. The stadium was given to Persepolis in 2013 with the support of team president Mohammad Rouyanian.

Shahid Kazemi Stadium
Persepolis became the owner of Shahid Kazemi Stadium in the winter of 2016. The stadium, with a capacity of 15,000, is used for training sessions and friendly matches. The complex has a sauna, steam room, weight room, restaurant and conference room. In January 2017, the club announced they would renovate the complex by adding a second natural grass pitch, parking lots and a cafeteria, as well as upgrading the conference room, locker room, gym and swimming pool.

Persepolis University
Persepolis opened the first Iranian sport university in 2013. Dariuosh Soudi was appointed as the first president of the university and Mehdi Mahdavikia was the first student of this university. This university has 600 students and accepts students in thirteen different fields, including football and futsal coaching, fitness, sports reporting and match commentary.

Persepolis TV and internet radio
In June 2013, Persepolis launched Persepolis TV, available on Hot Bird satellite television. The manager of Persepolis TV was Reza Rashidpour. The channel closed in October 2013, and was relaunched during the 2017–18 season.

The team also operates an internet radio station through its official website. The station includes recordings that can be downloaded. Rouyanian negotiated an agreement with "Iran Seda" to air live commentary of the 77th Tehran derby, commentated by Eskandar Koti.

Food and drink
The club began selling energy drinks since 2013. The club has also established these restaurants to improve its finances and bring in fans. The first restaurant opened in Shiraz. , all three restaurants have closed.

Tehran Derby
Persepolis plays in the Tehran Derby against Esteghlal; their rivalry is derived from the previous significant derby between Shahin and Taj. After the departure of Shahin players to Persepolis, the club became popular and its archrival Taj (meaning "crown" in Persian) was supported by the Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza. The Derby was declared the most important derby in Asia and the 22nd most important derby in the world in June 2008 by World Soccer. Persepolis has the largest margin of victory, having defeated Esteghlal 6–0 on 7 September 1973.

Persepolis vs Sepahan
Persepolis has a rivalry with Sepahan, which is based in Isfahan. Both clubs were dependent upon Shahin; one hired most of the Shahin players in its early years and the other was the branch of Shahin F.C. in Isfahan. The rivalry renewed in the early 2000s, when Isfahan's teams—Sepahan and Zob Ahan—Sepahan won IPL and the Hazfi Cup. Persepolis also had a derby against the now dissolved club, Pas Tehran.

Persepolis vs Tractor
Persepolis started a rivalry with Tractor when they returned to the first tier of Iranian football league after eight years.

Retired numbers
On 6 October 2015, the club retired number 24 in memory of Hadi Norouzi, who died of a heart attack at age 30.

Notable players
For notable players see List of Persepolis F.C. players.

For details on former players see Category:Persepolis F.C. players.

Hall of Fame
The players below are part of the Persepolis F.C. Hall of Fame:
 * 🇮🇷 Ebrahim Ashtiani (DF)
 * 🇮🇷 Homayoun Behzadi (FW)
 * 🇮🇷 Hamid Jasemian (DF)
 * 🇮🇷 Hossein Kalani (FW)
 * 🇮🇷 Jafar Kashani (DF)
 * 🇮🇷 Mahmoud Khordbin (FW)
 * 🇮🇷 Fereydoun Moeini (MF)
 * 🇮🇷 Ali Parvin (MF)
 * 🇮🇷 Kazem Rahimi (MF)
 * 🇮🇷 Hadi Tavoosi (GK)
 * 🇮🇷 Büyük Vatankhah (DF)
 * 🇮🇷 Reza Vatankhah (DF)

Notable managers
The table below shows Persepolis managers who have won noteworthy titles or had a on the team.

Management
{| class="wikitable" !Office !Name Hossein Khabiri Mohammad Delbari Majid Pourahmadi Peyman Haddadi
 * Chairman
 * Reza Darvish
 * Board secretary
 * Hossein Shahriyari
 * Board members
 * Hossein Shahriyari
 * Board members
 * Hossein Shahriyari
 * Hossein Shahriyari

Honours

 * ¤ First ever winners
 * Won League title and Hazfi Cup
 * ♦ Won Tehran League title and Tehran Hazfi Cup
 * shared record
 * shared record

Individual honours
Asian Young Footballer of the Year
 * 🇮🇷 1997 – Mehdi Mahdavikia

Asian Footballer of the Year
 * 🇮🇷 1990 – Farshad Pious Runner-up
 * 🇮🇷 1996 – Ali Daei Runner-up
 * 🇮🇷 1997 – Khodadad Azizi Runner-up
 * 🇮🇷 1997 – Karim Bagheri Runner-up
 * 🇮🇷 2012 – Ali Karimi Runner-up
 * 🇮🇷 2019 – Alireza Beiranvand Runner-up

Iran World Cup captains
 * 🇮🇷 1978 – Ali Parvin
 * 🇮🇷 1998 – Ahmad Reza Abedzadeh

AFC Asian Cup MVP Award
 * 🇮🇷 1996 – Khodadad Azizi

Statistics and records
Ali Parvin, who played from 1970 to 1988, holds the record for Persepolis appearances with 341. Afshin Peyrovani holds the league appearances records with 209, playing from 1993 to 2004. The record for a goalkeeper is held by Alireza Beiranvand, with 189 appearances. The record for total Persepolis appearances among current players is held by Hadi Norouzi, with 175 appearances and 32 goals.

With 149 caps, Ali Daei of Iran is Persepolis' most capped international player. Farshad Pious is the club's all-time top goalscorer in all competitions with 153 goals in 211 matches, playing between 1985 and 1998. Persepolis set the Iran's league records for most titles (15) and most runners-up (9). The club's all-time top scorer is Farshad Pious with 153 goals. The team has a record for scoring in 36 consecutive matches in two seasons (2014–2015) and a record 22 games unbeaten.

Ownership
Persepolis is publicly owned. Privatisation of both Persepolis and Esteghlal, has failed, most likely due to the government's lack of interest to bequeath the enormous social (and potentially financial) capital of the two clubs to private entities. In May 2009, in the run-up to the 2009 presidential election, President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad stated that the club would be privatised. A second much anticipated bid in May 2015 was called null and void after Persepolis fan and tycoon Hossein Hedayat was found unqualified by Iranian Privatization Organization. It is expected that the transfer of the club to private investors will be a long process, largely due to problems with the club's financial documents and the debts that the club has accumulated, which make it unable to be listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. Shares for the club can be sold on the OTC market once it has removed all of its financial ambiguities.

Sponsorship

 * Main sponsor: Irancell
 * Official shirt manufacturer: Merooj
 * Sponsor: Bimeh.com
 * Sponsor: Bank Shahr
 * Water supplier: Veensu

Shirt sponsors and manufacturers

 * ¤ in 2016–17 Persepolis wore Givova kits for the first ten matches of the season.

Supporters
Persepolis is one of the most supported teams in Iranian football. Unofficial counts indicate that the club has over 40 million fans. The club is based in Tehran and is popular in all parts of country. Persepolis also has a fan base in Afghanistan and Persian Gulf countries.

Famous fans

 * Mohammad Khatami, Former President of Iran
 * Mohammad Reza Khatami, politician
 * Sohrab Sepehri, Poet
 * Houshang Ebtehaj, Poet
 * Davoud Rashidi, Actor
 * Khosro Shakibaei, Actor
 * Morteza Ahmadi, Actor
 * Masoud Kimiai, Director
 * Tahmineh Milani, Director
 * Masoud Behnoud, Journalist
 * Mahmoud Khayami, Founder of Iran Khodro
 * Hossein Sabet, Businessman and former owner of Dariush Grand Hotel
 * Mohammad Reza Shajarian, Singer
 * Homayoun Shajarian, Singer
 * Pejman Bazeghi, actor
 * Kambiz Dirbaz, actor

Affiliated clubs

 * 🇮🇹 AC Milan
 * 🇷🇺 Rubin Kazan
 * Beira-Mar
 * Real Madrid

Reserve teams

 * Persepolis Academy
 * Persepolis B
 * Persepolis Qaemshahr
 * Persepolis Shomal

title: Persepolis F.C.


text:
Rudi Koertzen

Rudolf Eric Koertzen (26 March 1949 – 9 August 2022) was a South African international cricket umpire and former cricketer. A cricket enthusiast since his youth, he played league cricket while working as a clerk for South African Railways. He began umpiring in 1981, before becoming a full-time official eleven years later. In an international career spanning 18 years, he officiated in a record 331 matches and is only behind Aleem Dar in officiating as an umpire in most international matches.

Early life
Koertzen was born in Knysna, Cape Province, Union of South Africa, on 26 March 1949. A medium pace bowler, he played for a top-level cricket club in Kimberley. He worked as a railway clerk in Port Elizabeth, before being employed in the construction industry. He started umpiring in 1981, before becoming a full-time umpire in 1992, when he was 43 years old.

Umpiring career
Koertzen officiated in his first One Day International (ODI) on 9 December 1992, and in his first Test match later the same month. Both matches were contested between South Africa and India at Port Elizabeth, in the first series in which television replays were used to assist with run out decisions. Koertzen soon became well known for his manner of giving batters out. Due to the slow raising of his index finger, he became known as the "slow finger of death". This nickname originated from Daryll Cullinan, the South Africa batsman, who once asked Koertzen: “Why do you make me suffer and wait for that slow death decision?”

Koertzen became a full-time International Cricket Council (ICC) umpire in 1997, and was one of the original members of the Elite Panel of ICC Umpires when it was founded in 2002. He went on to officiate in a record 209 ODIs – becoming the second umpire (after David Shepherd) to stand in 150 ODIs with the match between India and Pakistan at Abu Dhabi on 19 April 2006; he later surpassed Shepherd's record of 172 ODIs at the 2007 Cricket World Cup with the match between the West Indies and England in Barbados on 21 April 2007. His 200th ODI was the match between Ireland and Kenya at Dublin on 11 July 2009. He also became the second umpire, after Steve Bucknor, to stand in 100 Test matches with the second Test of the 2009 Ashes between England and Australia at Lord's on 16 July 2009, and eventually officiated in 108 Tests.

Throughout his career, Koertzen was appointed to several high-profile matches, including Ashes series (he was one of the umpires during the famous 2005 Ashes) and series between India and Pakistan. In both the 2003 and 2007 Cricket World Cups, he officiated on-field in one of the semi-finals and was the third umpire in the final. He was also one of the on-field umpires for the final of the ICC Champions Trophy in both 2004 and 2006, and was selected to umpire in the ICC Super Series (Australia v World XI) in 2005, along with Simon Taufel, Aleem Dar and Darrell Hair.

Koertzen's professionalism saw him through some controversial moments: in September 1999, he refused a bribe to fix the outcome of the final of the Singapore Challenge between the West Indies and India, and in January 2000, he stood in the Test match between South Africa and England at Centurion, where both teams forfeited an innings in order to force a result after South African captain Hansie Cronje had been approached by a bookmaker. He was highly regarded by the players: he was voted the top umpire in 2002, and was nominated for the ICC Umpire of the Year award in 2005 and 2006, on both occasions finishing third behind Taufel and Aleem Dar. However, he also made a number of high-profile errors, most notably in the ill-tempered Test between Sri Lanka and England at Kandy in March 2001, and in the final of the 2007 World Cup, where his misinterpretation of the rules regarding bad light resulted in him being banned from officiating in the inaugural ICC World Twenty20 tournament later that year (though he was selected for the following World Twenty20 tournament, in 2009).

On 4 June 2010, Koertzen announced that he would be retiring from umpiring after the Test series between Australia and Pakistan in England that summer. His final ODI was between Zimbabwe and Sri Lanka at Harare on 9 June 2010, and his final Test was between Pakistan and Australia at Leeds on 21–24 July 2010. He was part of ICC's elite panel of umpires for a duration of eight years from 2002 to 2010 and by the time when he retired, he held the world record for having officiated in most international matches as an umpire.

Post international umpiring
Following his international retirement in 2010, he published a book titled Slow Death: Memoirs of a Cricket Umpire in which he specifically addressed the shortcomings during the 2007 Cricket World Cup final which had one of the farcical tense finishes in history. His last representative match as an umpire came during the 2011 Indian Premier League between Royal Challengers Bangalore and Chennai Super Kings.

Death
Koertzen died in a car accident near Riversdale, Western Cape, on 9 August 2022; while driving back from a golfing weekend in Cape Town to his family home in Despatch, Eastern Cape, the car he was travelling in was involved in a head-on collision that also killed three other people. He was 73 years old.

Awards

 * ICC Bronze Bails Award for 100 ODIs
 * ICC Silver Bails Award for 200 ODIs
 * ICC Golden Bails Award for 100 Tests

Koertzen was the first umpire to earn all three of these awards. This feat has since only been achieved by Aleem Dar.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Rudi Koertzen


text:
Rainer Zobel

Rainer Zobel (born 3 November 1948) is a German football manager and former player.

Playing career
Zobel was born in Wrestedt. He played for FC Bayern Munich during the 1970s.

Coaching career
In 2005, Zobel was head coach of Persepolis F.C. in Iran's Premier Football League. He was named as coach of Moroka Swallows, a South African team from Johannesburg and signed on 17 July 2009 a one-year contract.

Honours as a player
Bayern Munich
 * Bundesliga: 1972–73, 1973–74
 * DFB-Pokal: 1970–71
 * European Cup: 1973–74, 1974–75, 1975–76
 * Intercontinental Cup: 1976

title: Rainer Zobel


text:
Talk:Adenylyl cyclase

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 28 August 2018 and 20 November 2018. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Tharjo2, Silverhoma. Peer reviewers: Aflores66.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 16:52, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Abbyquinn15.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 13:25, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Untitled
I believe that the more correct (recent) name for this enzyme is in fact Adenylyl Cyclase. Perhaps the name of the article should be switched, and the first line edited as such?
 * My A-Level textbook gives the name as adenyl cyclase. Anyone care to elaborate?
 * I do. The enzyme can be called both ways, they are synonyms. Still we have to stick to the official name which according to NCBI and UniProtKB is "Adenylate cyclase". -- Boris 15:48, 12 January 2006 (UTC)

Boris is right, it's just a matter of preferance, I think the english use the nomenclature "Adenylyl Cyclase" because they discovered it first (Sterichinderance 23:47, 28 April 2006 (UTC))

Moving comment
This link was added by a new user with the edit summary "this is a reference to a better article about adenyl cyclase, maybe it could be integrated with the current one". I am moving the link to where it is more visible. No opinion on whether it's a better article (though it looks interesting), just being tidy. :) Franamax (talk) 02:38, 23 January 2008 (UTC)

The legend to figure 1 is not accurate. Perhaps it should be changed to reflect that different receptor types, can use ATP/GTP. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 150.135.144.2 (talk) 19:37, 3 August 2009 (UTC)

New Citations
I am a student editor who has selected this article in order to help improve its content. When reading this article I noticed that there are only 8 citations and many of the sections do not contain citations. I hope to find sources for the content in this article and add them in order to improve its accuracy. In addition, I believe that more should be added to the regulation and function sections and may also look into adding information to those sections. I have found two potential sources from reputable journals that I believe could be added to the article in order to improve it. They are listed below.

Citation number 1: Citation was needed for the second sentence of the article, which discussed the distinct classes of adenylyl cyclases. It stated that they all catalyze the same reaction, but come from unrelated gene families with no structural homology. I found an article that discussed this and could also be useful for other portions of the article such as the sections regarding classes I, II, IV, V, and VI which do not contain any citations.

Citation number 2) Found another citation that discusses information about the different classes of cyclases, which I think will be able to link citations for in the sections of the article that do not contain any.

Abbyquinn15 (talk) 03:42, 1 October 2018 (UTC)Abby Quinn

Expanding on the structure section
Hi all. I was reading the article and thought it would be nice to expand on the structure section. While reading through the page, I was curious about the active site of the enzyme and the residues involved in the binding of ATP. Also, if those residues are conserved in different organisms, tissues, etc. I found a few papers that I think may give insight on the residues involved.

https://link-springer-com.ezp1.villanova.edu/article/10.1007%2Fs11010-018-3273-4 Jaggupilli, Appalaraju, Study of adenylyl cyclase-GαS interactions and identification of novel AC ligands, 446, pp. 63–72

http://www.jbc.org.ezp1.villanova.edu/content/293/23/9078.full Etzl, Stefan, Structure-guided design and functional characterization of an artificial red light–regulated guanylate/adenylate cyclase for optogenetic applications, 293, pp. 9078–9089

Please let me know what you guys think. I am still on the hunt for more sources, reviews in particular, and will be posting them in the near future. Thank you. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Ayun2 (talk • contribs) 05:22, 2 October 2018 (UTC)

Vlad's Peer Review
LEAD SECTION-The group does a good job of stating a new use for adenylyl cyclase however hard to understand how it connects to general concept of the enzyme. Hard to understand mechanism however does relate to enzyme. (4/6 total points)

ARTICLE SECTION- The article is well written however not much editing to the general information, just one example given of how enzyme is used but article as whole is well written. (6/8 pts)

REFERENCES- Reference is made to one article however that is it, otherwise other sources are properly cited (6/6 pts) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Vkoveshnikov (talk • contribs) 05:34, 13 November 2018 (UTC)

Finalized Edits
Hi again, I am now posting my finalized summary of the content that I will be adding to this page. The summary is pasted below:

Summary of New Additions:

In regards to this article, I will be adding my first citation to the second sentence of the article, as it did not contain a citation and says "citation needed." Additionally, I will be adding the second citation to the other sentences that speak of the different classes of adenylyl cyclases, since the primary problem with this article is that there are very minimal citations and many sentences do not have citations. Also there does not exist any citations in the regulation section, so I plan to add both my third and fourth citations to that paragraph on regulation. My fourth citation spoke about adenylyl cyclase as a coincidence detector and I plan to add that citation to the sentence that says "(source?)." after it. I felt that it was imperative to find a citation that specifically gave information regarding adenylyl cyclase as a coincidence detector as it was indicated in the article that a source was necessary for that information.

Furthermore, I plan to add a little information to the regulation section regarding Gs (stimulatory G proteins) and Gi (inhibitory G proteins) because they are only mentioned in the article as follows: "Adenylyl cyclase is dually regulated by G proteins (Gs stimulating activity and Gi inhibiting it), and by forskolin, as well as other isoform-specific effectors:" I believe that it is important to add more information on regulation and that it will make the article stronger.

My citations added to the main page are listed as citations 2, 3, 4 and 13. Citation 2 on the main page corresponds to the textbook written by John Hancock. Citation 3 on the main page corresponds to "Physiological Roles for G Protein-Regulated Adenylyl Cyclase Isoforms: Insights from Knockout and Overexpression Studies." Citation 4 on the main page corresponds to "Structure of the adenylyl cyclase catalytic core." Citation 13 on the main page corresponds to "Candida albicans developmental regulation: adenylyl cyclase as a coincidence detector of parallel signals." I also decided to add citation 10 on the main page to the sentences regarding forskolin and isoforms in the regulation section. I felt that it was important to associate both the forskolin and the bullet points regarding isoforms with an appropriate citation. Note that citation 10 was a pre-existing citation on the page, but I felt that it should be associated with more information as the Wikipedia rubric states that each sentence should be associated with a supporting reference.

New Information to be Added to the Pre-existing Content in the Regulation Section:

Adenylyl cyclase is regulated by G proteins, which can be found in the monomeric form or the heterotrimeric form, consisting of three subunits[1][2][3]. Adenylyl cyclase activity is controlled by heterotrimeric G proteins[1][2][3]. The inactive or inhibitory form exists when the complex consists of alpha, beta, and gamma subunits, with GDP bound to the alpha subunit[2][3]. In order to become active, a ligand must bind to the receptor and cause a conformational change[3]. This conformational change causes the alpha subunit to dissociate from the complex and become bound to GTP[3]. This G-alpha-GTP complex then binds to adenylyl cyclase and causes activation and the release of cAMP[3]. Since a good signal requires the help of enzymes, which turn on and off signals quickly, there must also be a mechanism in which adenylyl cyclase deactivates and inhibits cAMP[3]. The deactivation of the active G-alpha-GTP complex is accomplished rapidly by GTP hydrolysis due to the reaction being catalyzed by the intinsic enzymatic activity of GTPase located in the alpha subunit.

Additionally, adenylyl cyclase is regulated by "forskolin[10], as well as other isoform-specific effectors: Isoforms III, V and VIII are also stimulated by Ca2+/calmodulin[10]. Isoforms I and VI are inhibited by Ca2+ in a calmodulin-independent manner[10]. Isoforms II, IV and IX are stimulated by alpha subunit of the G protein[10]. Isoforms I, V and VI are most clearly inhibited by Gi, while other isoforms show less dual regulation by the inhibitory G protein[10].

How Highest Standards of Wikipedia Rubric Were Met:

Overall, the information that I have added below pertains to the highest standards of the Wikipedia rubric because the section/information that I have added is relevant and important. It does not duplicate any of the information that was previously stated in the article. It follows an organized fashion by first describing the structure of G proteins, followed by their activation and inhibition. It fills the key gaps in the regulation section of this article as it adds relevant information that expands upon the information regarding the regulation of adenylyl cyclase. The citations that I have added meet the highest requirements of the Wikipedia rubric, as they are going to be added to sentences that were not readily associated with a supporting reference. The rubric states that every statement should be supported with a citation. I plan to add these 4 sources to the relevant sentences in the article, so that all sentences that I am adding citations to are associated with an appropriate review or textbook reference.

I believe that there is more needed to be done in order to fully improve this article, but I believe that the changes that I have made have definitely strengthened it.

[1]Sadana, Rachna; Dessauer, Carmen W. (2009-2). "Physiological Roles for G Protein-Regulated Adenylyl Cyclase Isoforms: Insights from Knockout and Overexpression Studies". Neuro-Signals. 17 (1): 5–22. doi:10.1159/000166277. ISSN 1424-862X. PMC 2790773. PMID 18948702. Check date values in: |date= (help)

[2]Zhang, Gongyi; Liu, Yu; Ruoho, Arnold E.; Hurley, James H. (1997-03). "Structure of the adenylyl cyclase catalytic core". Nature. 386 (6622): 247–253. doi:10.1038/386247a0. ISSN 0028-0836. Check date values in: |date= (help)

[3]T., Hancock, John (2010). Cell signalling (3rd ed ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199232109. OCLC 444336556.

[4]"Candida albicans developmental regulation: adenylyl cyclase as a coincidence detector of parallel signals". Current Opinion in Microbiology. 14 (6): 682–686. 2011-12-01. doi:10.1016/j.mib.2011.09.014. ISSN 1369-5274.

Abbyquinn15 (talk) 19:16, 3 December 2018 (UTC)Abby Quinn

title: Talk:Adenylyl cyclase


text:
Albin Dunajewski

Albin Dunajewski (born 1 March 1817 in Stanisławów - 19 June 1894 in Kraków) was a Bishop of Kraków, Poland, as well as charitable patron and high-profile social activist.

Highlights
In 1882, Albin Dunajewski ordained Brother Raphael Kalinowski as Priest of the Discalced Carmelite Order. Father Raphael was canonized in 1991, by Pope John Paul II. In 1892, Cardinal Dunajewski (elevated to that rank in 1890) laid the corner-stone for the construction of the Church of the Holy Virgin Mary of Lourdes founded by the Lazarists in the district of Krowodrza, but died two years later, just before its consecration in 1894.

title: Albin Dunajewski


text: File:The The - Infected CD album cover.jpg


text: User talk:158.123.134.2

title: User talk:158.123.134.2


text:
International School of New Media

International School of New Media (short ISNM) in Lübeck, Germany was an international, affiliated private institute at the University of Lübeck. It was closed end of 2011.

ISNM was established in 2001 by founding director Hubertus von Amelunxen for the purpose of providing a course that combines the technological, scientific, social, economical, and cultural aspects and implications of New Media.

At the ISNM, students work and study with peers with diverse cultural and educational backgrounds. For instance, architects, computer scientists, artists, and sociologists can work together on a project as a team.

Until 2008, ISNM offered a graduate program conducted entirely in English leading to an award of a ''M.Sc. in Digital Media'' degree. The 24-month-long program received international accreditation by ZeVA Hannover. The M.Sc. in Digital Media program provided academic training in interdisciplinary media competence. It connected Media Technology, Computer Science, design and e-commerce with the New Media in the arts, culture and society. The M.Sc. degree qualified students for positions at the intersections of digital media in business, industry, research, education, tourism and international organisations, among others.

The ISNM’s interdisciplinary graduate program in Digital Media aimed at creating decision-makers and managers in every sector and discipline with a more complete understanding of digital media's role in the 21st century’s global world and market. The program followed a concerted strategy to reach this goal by providing a unique combination of technology, business, research, arts, design and culture in the Digital Media sector. Substantial emphasis was placed on the transfer of learning from the university to the work setting and an integration of students’ diverse backgrounds into interdisciplinary project management and intercultural teamwork.

ISNM founders have set the standard for the faculty whose teaching and research is consistently influencing New Media practices. The faculty is a group with honors and research awards on their credits.

title: International School of New Media


text:
User:N. Caligon

N. Caligon is the nom guerre used, on and off, by a longtime Liefeld sockpupet, fan-troll.

title: User:N. Caligon


text: User talk:216.195.0.34

title: User talk:216.195.0.34


text:
Augustine Bradshaw

Dom Augustine Bradshaw (1575–1618) was a Benedictine monk. Born John Bradshaw near Worcester in 1575 to recusant Roman Catholic parents, he was sent to Royal Grammar School Worcester (a "free school", i.e. with no religious affiliation). He was sent to St Omer by the Jesuit Edward Oldcorne and then, in 1596, to the English College, Valladolid.

After an illness, he was sent to the Abbey of San Martín Pinario in Santiago de Compostela in 1599 where he took the name Augustine of St John. He returned to England as a missionary in 1602, and became Vicar-General of the English Benedictines in 1604. He is recorded in contemporary writing as travelling the county of Worcestershire under the pseudonym John White.

Among his most remembered achievements was the establishment of a monastic foundation at Douai and the College of St Gregory (later Downside School). He was buried at Longueville near Rouen in 1618.

title: Augustine Bradshaw


text:
User talk:Akavlie

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Dave (talk) 12:06, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)

PS Nice work with the footnotes in the libertarian criticism article. I took me a few tries to get it right at first, but you figured it out. Keep up the good work!

 * I try to put up the welcome sign when I see someone new. You can do it yourself by typing "  on someone's talk page.  It's one of those things that makes the encyclopedia a nice place to work.  As far as your editing goes, there's a guideline called "Be Bold that encourages improvements to articles written by others.  Most people follow it, and it helps things run smoothly, so I wouldn't worry about making too many changes.  The worst thing that happens if you change something is that it gets changed back ("reverted"), so even bad edits don't cause too much of a problem.

 * You did the right thing by replying on my talk page; people are more likely to see messages you put on their talk pages than they are to see things you put on your own page. If you have any more questions, let me know.  Dave (talk) 20:12, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Akavlie


text:
JLGB

The JLGB (Jewish Lads' and Girls' Brigade) is a national Jewish youth organisation based in and primarily serving the United Kingdom.

The UK's oldest Jewish youth movement, it was founded in 1895 as the Jewish Lads' Brigade by Colonel Albert E. W. Goldsmid, a senior army officer, to provide an interest for children of the many poor immigrant families who were coming into England at that time. The first company was launched in London's East End but others soon appeared throughout the city and the provinces. The movement later spread as far as South Africa and Canada.

Modelled on the Church Lads' and Church Girls' Brigade (and often referred to as its "Sister Organisation"), The Brigade catered for boys only in the early days, providing them with more than just spare-time activities. It offered food, clothes and the chance to learn skills which might help in finding a job, and it sought to turn young Jewish immigrant boys into good Englishmen. Just 19 boys attended the first summer camp in 1896. Girls were admitted to membership in the 1963 (as the Jewish Girls' Brigade) and in 1974 the JLB and JGB amalgamated to become the JLGB. Nowadays, several hundred youngsters camp with JLGB throughout the year. JLGB still gives young people the type of valuable training which helps them to succeed in today's world. It also offers a Summer tour to Israel for its members.

King Charles III is the organisation's royal patron. He was appointed to the role in 2020, when he was Prince of Wales, to mark the brigade's 125th anniversary.

History
In April 1891 The Jewish Chronicle published a letter from Rev Francis Lyon Cohen headed ´But what about the boys?´ in which he called for the creation of a Jewish youth group based on the Boys' Brigade for the well-being of working-class Jewish boys in the East End of London at the crucial period ´"Between their leaving school and their attainment of manhood". After a lecture by Colonel Albert Goldsmid before the Maccabaeans at a meeting held at the Jews' Free School in the East End of London on 16 February 1895 the first company of boys was enrolled; and six weeks later the first weekly drill was held. Recruits were drawn from JFS, the Norwood Orphanage and local elementary schools, known as Board Schools, which had been set up under the Education Act of 1870. In 1896 the first summer camp, of nineteen boys, was held at Deal, and social and athletic clubs were organised. Rev Cohen served as staff chaplain.

The idea quickly became popular, and by March 1898, there were thirteen companies in England, while a company was also established at Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Four of these, consisting of five officers and ninety boys, had been represented at the seaside camp at Deal, England, during the preceding summer. A labour bureau was then established with a view to obtaining employment for the boys; and provincial companies rapidly sprang into existence. In 1898 the summer encampment consisted of 400 boys; and a year later the number of companies in existence rose to 23, including one at Johannesburg, South Africa.

In August 1899, a second summer camp was formed in the north of England for the benefit of the members of the northern contingent, while the Deal camp was inspected by Lt.-Gen. Sir Charles Warren, who highly praised the efficiency of the lads. In 1900 a public display was given in London, which was attended by Maj.-Gen. Sir Henry Trotter, the general officer commanding the home district. The following year the number of companies had increased to thirty, while the muster-roll showed a total strength of between 3,000 and 4,000 members. Seventeen officers and members of the brigade took part in the South-African war, including Colonel Goldsmid, his place as commandant being occupied by Lieut.-Col. E. Montefiore. Of the seventeen, two died, one of them being Lieut. F. M. Raphael, who was killed at Spion Kop while attempting to rescue a wounded soldier.

In 1901 there were 540 boys at the Deal camp, and about 250 at the camp at Lytham. Goldsmid returned to the helm in 1902, followed by Montefiore later returning again in 1904. The membership by 1904 was about 3,500, and there were companies existing, in addition to those in London, at Newcastle, Bradford, Leeds, Sheffield, Hull, Birmingham, Manchester (with an adjoining youth club), Liverpool, Johannesburg, and Montreal. A somewhat similar movement in New York City has resulted in the formation of the Manhattan Rifles.

Wartime
The JLB declined in popularity in the inter-war period as a result of public desire for peace and revulsion against 'militarism'. Membership in the JLB halved from a peak of 4,000 in 1910 to a low of 2,000 in 1925.

Most of the senior Brigade members went into Civil Defence in 1939. The ordinary boys in the Brigade units were more confident and able to cope with service in the war. They knew their drill and were able to bypass a great deal of basic training because of the training they got in the Brigade.

During World War II, approximately 60,000 Jewish men and women out of an Anglo-Jewish community estimated at 400,000 undertook military service. At least 2,010 of them died. No separate figures exist for the JLB contribution to the national effort during the war, but there is ample evidence that many ex-JLB lads saw rapid promotion through the ranks.

Post-war
On Thursday 13 August 2009 at their annual summer camp the JLGB broke the Guinness World Record for the largest custard pie fight, with 253 people taking part and throwing 648 pies in a matter of minutes.

In 2017, 80% of JLGB trustees left the organisation following a governance review the year before.

JLGB adapted their weekly groups to create JLGB Virtual as a result of the Coronavirus pandemic: they have had professionals, performers and celebrities featured in their online sessions.

Activities
The JLGB runs weekly groups, Israel tours and seasonal camps. They provide a diverse range of activities within a Jewish environment, including camping, voluntary and community service, citizenship, sports, drama, social events, crafts, music, outdoor pursuits and tours. In 2014 JLGB launched their new volunteering initiative eVOLve, to create a platform for different awards and opportunities including:

 * Duke of Edinburgh's Award Scheme (for which the JLGB is the only Jewish Operating Authority)
 * NCS (National Citizens Service) providing a faith sensitive version of their summer programs
 * Yoni Jesner Award
 * Chief Rabbi Kindness Award

Recognition
By virtue of its work towards the personal and social development of young people, JLGB was a member of the National Council for Voluntary Youth Services (NCVYS).

title: JLGB


text:
Category talk:Lakes of Armenia

Untitled
with only one significant lake in Armenia a category: Lakes of Armenia doesn't really make sense... 147.172.30.53 12:09, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Armenia has a good amount of lakes most people dont know living outside of armenia please be patient while i update them please. 24.34.77.145 14:29, 17 November 2006 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Lakes of Armenia


text:
Marlene Dumas

Marlene Dumas (born 3 August 1953) is a South African artist and painter currently based in the Netherlands.

Life and work
Dumas was born in 1953 in Cape Town, South Africa and grew up in Kuils River in the Western Cape, where her father had a vineyard. Dumas witnessed the system of Apartheid during her childhood. Dumas began painting in 1973 and showed her political concerns and reflections on her identity as a white woman of Afrikaans descent in South Africa. She studied art at the University of Cape Town from 1972 to 1975, and then at Ateliers '63 in Haarlem, which is now located in Amsterdam. She studied psychology at the University of Amsterdam in 1979 and 1980. She currently lives and works in the Netherlands and is one of the country's most prolific artists.

Dumas has also featured in some films, Miss Interpreted (1997), Alice Neel (2007), Kentridge and Dumas in Conversation (2009), The Future is Now! (2011), and Screwed (2017). Several books included illustrations by Dumas,- Marlene Dumas: Myths and Mortals, Venus and Adonis, David Zwirner: 25 Years, Marlene Dumas: Against the Wall, Marlene Dumas: Sweet Nothings, Marlene Dumas: The Image as Burden, Marlene Dumas: Measuring Your Own Grave, Experiments with Truth: Gandhi and Images of Violence.

Dumas often uses reference material of polaroid photographs of her friends and lovers, whilst she also references magazines and pornographic material. She also paints portraits of children and erotic scenes to impact the world of contemporary art. She has said that her works are better appreciated as originals since many of her smaller sexual works are very intimate. With many of her paintings she depicts her friends, models, and prominent political figures.

Dumas paintings are seen as portraits but they do not represent people but an emotional state that one could be in. Her art focuses on more serious issues and themes such as sexuality and race, guilt and innocence, violence and tenderness. Dumas style is more older Romanticism tradition. She uses loose brushstrokes to add distortion but also great detail to her art. Dumas likes to use a wet-on-wet technique, that combines thin layers of paint with thick ones. Her media of choice is oil on canvas and ink on paper. Her subjects range from new born babies, models, strippers, and many figures from popular culture.

The sale of Dumas's Jule-die Vrou (1985), positioned Dumas as one of three living female artists to trade for over $1 million. The sale of The Schoolboys (1986–87) reached $9 million at Art Basel Miami Beach 2023, replacing the high of $6.3 million for her work The Visitor (1995) in 2008.

Dumas taught at the Academie voor Beeldende Vorming (ABV) in Tilburg, Academie voor Kunst en Industrie (AKI) in Enschede, Rijksakademie Van Beeldende Kunsten in Amsterdam, and De Ateliers in Amsterdam (Tutorials and Coaching).

Dumas' work is in the collections of the Museum of Modern Art and Dordrechts Museum. Her work was included in the 2022 exhibition Women Painting Women at the Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth.

Education
Dumas was awarded an honorary degree from the University of Antwerp. She also holds degrees from the University of Cape Town, from Ateliers '63 in Haarlem, and the Institute of Psychology, University of Amsterdam.

title: Marlene Dumas


text:
Queensland Sport and Athletics Centre

The Queensland Sport and Athletics Centre (QSAC, formerly known as the Queen Elizabeth II Jubilee Sports Centre) is a multi-purpose sports facility in Nathan, Queensland, located 10 km south-east of the Brisbane CBD. Its main stadium – formerly known as QEII Stadium, and later ANZ Stadium under a naming rights agreement with ANZ – accommodates 48,500 spectators, while its smaller State Athletics Facility accommodates 2,100 spectators. Both stadiums feature Rekortan running tracks and natural grass fields. The Queensland Academy of Sport, Queensland State Netball Centre, and a complex of beach volleyball courts are also housed at the facility. QSAC is owned by the Queensland Government, and its main stadium and State Athletics Facility are operated through its agency, Stadiums Queensland.

As a track and field venue, the main stadium hosted competitions at the 1982 Commonwealth Games, 2001 Goodwill Games, and eleven editions of the Australian Athletics Championships; most recently its 2022–23 edition. It is currently planned to be renovated to host competitions at the 2032 Summer Olympics. As a rugby league venue, the main stadium was home to the Brisbane Broncos from 1993 to 2003, when the club left Lang Park and subsequently returned following its redevelopment. During this tenure, it hosted the 1994 World Club Challenge and the only Super League Grand Final in 1997, amid the Super League war. The main stadium has also hosted numerous concerts, occasional soccer matches, and a semi-final of the 1999 Davis Cup in tennis.

History
The facility opened in 1975, providing a synthetic running track for athletics competitions that was unaffected by wet weather, the first in Queensland. It was officially named Queen Elizabeth II Jubilee Sports Centre by the Queen in 1977 to mark her Silver Jubilee. It was constructed in close proximity to both the Queen Elizabeth II Jubilee Hospital and Griffith University campus, which provided athlete accommodation.

Originally, the section of the stadium covered by roofing was intended to be the only permanent seating facility. The remainder of the stadium seating was built as "temporary" seating and was intended to be removed after the Commonwealth Games had finished. Public opinion resulted in the unroofed temporary seating being retained as permanent.

The stadium was named ANZ Stadium from 1993 to 2003 when it was the home of the Brisbane Broncos rugby league football team. The stadium currently has a capacity of 48,500 people,  although the record crowd is 58,912, set during the 1997 Super League Grand Final which saw the Broncos defeat the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks 26–8. The capacity can be increased to 60,000 with the use of extra temporary seating in front of the Eastern and Western grandstands. These were removed when the running track was relaid for the 2001 Goodwill Games.

In 1999, ANZ Stadium hosted eventual champions Australia in their Davis Cup Semi-Final win over Russia 4–1. Temporary grass courts were erected up one end of the field and temporary stands on 3 sides. The crowd capacity for this event was 10, 600. 1999 Australian Open Champion and Russian Davis Cup player Yevgeny Kafelnikov described the court "like playing on a potato field" and "that court is just not acceptable for this kind of event."

In 2002, ownership transferred to the Queensland Government Major Sports Facilities Authority and the venue was given its present name.

While the athletics facilities are well utilised, the stands at the stadium have largely stood empty and unused since the Broncos returned to a redeveloped Lang Park in 2003.

The stadium has hosted a number of events, including:
 * 11 editions of the Australian Championships in Athletics, the most of any existing venue
 * 1982 – 1982 Commonwealth Games
 * 1985 – Bruce Springsteen & The E Street Band – 31 March 1985
 * 1986 – Dire Straits, Brothers-in-Arms tour – 27 March 1986
 * 1986 – World Junior Squash Championships
 * 1986 - Pope John Paul II, Mass - 25 November 1986
 * 1993 – U2 with Big Audio Dynamite II and Kim Salmon and the Surrealists – 20 November 1993
 * 1993 – Madonna – 24 November 1993
 * 1994 – 1994 Rugby League World Club Challenge
 * 1995 – The Rolling Stones – 12 April 1995
 * 1995 – The Eagles – 24 November 1995
 * 1996 – Michael Jackson HIStory World Tour, 40,000 people – 19 November 1996
 * 1997 – 1997 Super League Grand Final
 * 1998 – U2 with Sidewinder – 25 February 1998
 * 1999 – 1999 Davis Cup Semi-Final tie vs. Russia
 * 2001 – Goodwill Games
 * 2001/2002 – State of Origin series games
 * 2002 – An assignment on the third season of The Mole, filmed in early 2002, where the contestants had to draw an animal using the painting machines normally used to mark the playing fields.
 * 2006 – U2 with Kanye West – 7 November 2006
 * 2009 – Pearl Jam with Relentless7 – 25 November 2009
 * 2010 – AC/DC with Wolfmother – 25 and 27 February 2010
 * 2010–2011 – This venue served as an evacuation centre for residents affected by the 2010–2011 Queensland floods
 * 2014 – Matildas vs Brazil – 6 and 9 April 2014
 * 2014 – 2014 FFA Cup round of 16 match between Olympic FC and Central Coast Mariners – 16 September 2014
 * 2015 – AC/DC with The Hives – 12 and 14 November 2015
 * 2017 – Guns N' Roses with Rose Tattoo – 7 February 2017
 * 2018 – International friendly football match between South Korea and Uzbekistan – 20 November 2018
 * 2019 – Eminem with Hilltop Hoods – 20 February 2019

The stadium is still actively used by athletes at a local, State and National level. Many local clubs such as Thompson Estate and Eastern Suburbs Athletics use it regularly for training.

The stadium has also permitted students of the neighbouring Griffith University (Nathan campus) to use its expansive carpark, free of charge. This is due to the relatively low availability of parking as well as the cost of parking on the campus (there is no free parking). Students who don't mind the ten-minute walk from the stadium take advantage of the large carpark.

In April 2023, a Right to Information application by Brisbane Times revealed plans for QSAC to be modified to become a temporary home for the Brisbane Lions AFL club while their home stadium, the Gabba, is demolished and rebuilt for the 2032 Summer Olympics.

It is planned that the athletics events at the 2032 Brisbane Olympics will be held at the stadium.

title: Queensland Sport and Athletics Centre


text: Category:Knights Hospitaller

title: Category:Knights Hospitaller


text:
Talk:OmniWeb

Untitled
I just dropped here to note that I removed the part about Konqueror having an advanced multi-line form editing feature, because the feature in konqueror referenced is nothing like OmniWeb's - it simply adds some advanced editing capabilities to textareas, such as tab characters and spell checking. it does not allow you to do full window text editing.

I tried to rephrase the sentence to be accurate, but then it either is too complicated, or is an obvious Konqueror plug (which I kind of have the feeling is what it was in the first place - not that I have anything against Konqueror - its my default browser). -- Guss

POV
This page seems a bit point of view. I'm sure it's a kick ass browser, but I don't think it's up to Wikipedia to show all the great features and to quote arstechnica on how great this browser is. Make NPOV please! Shandolad 08:39, 2 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Made a few changes to NPOV.Shandolad 08:45, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

Pop-Up blocking?
Was this really first sawn on OmniWeb? There’s no information when exactly OmniWeb came out with Pop-Up blocking. This Opera Wiki site says different. It claims that Opera was first in 2000. Because there’s no information when it was integrated into OmniWeb, I’ll put a “citation needed” at the end of this sentence. 84.60.128.165 19:18, 4 June 2006 (UTC)
 * As the first references to Pop-up blocking functionality in Omniweb appear in the context of version 4, there is no doubt that the competitors were actually ahead of it. Therefore, I'll remove that redundant statement. Grey 23:33, 27 September 2006 (UTC)

 * It was the first Mac OSX browser with popup blocking —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.125.110.223 (talk) 16:35, 19 December 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:OmniWeb Icon.png
Image:OmniWeb Icon.png is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 04:33, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

Release date incorrect?
According to this mail archive, OmniWeb was released on March 3, 1994 (which is just over a year before the release date in this article). I contacted OmniGroup to confirm the date, and they sent me this link as an independent reference.

Does anyone have a source for the 1995 release date in the article? --Abhi Beckert 03:06, 16 June 2007 (UTC)
 * http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nssdc_news/march95/03_j_mathews_0395.html has a january 1995 date. the 1994 date looks like a beta which they were actively trying to limit the distribution of. —Preceding unsigned comment added by A plague of rainbows (talk • contribs) 20:27, 24 March 2008 (UTC)

The nasa article does not refer to the introduction of Omnigroup's Omniweb browser. There are a lot of references to Omniweb in Nextstep newsgroups from 1994. Here is one from April 1994: http://groups.google.com/group/comp.sys.next.software/browse_thread/thread/a44725cd66c2fb77/4b4d507a1830adf6?q=comp.sys.next.software+omniweb

Search for "comp.sys.next.systems omniweb" in google groups to find several more. Clearly Omnigroup's claim of March 1994 is correct. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 174.54.178.40 (talk) 01:12, 24 June 2011 (UTC)

Discontinued?
Tim@ marked OmniWeb discontinued on 3 Dec. 2015 in “Comparison of web browsers”. Is he wrong or has no one gotten around to updating OmniWeb’s article page?--104.178.189.70 (talk) 02:36, 3 April 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:OmniWeb


text:
Infected (The The album)

Infected is the second studio album by the English post-punk band the The, released on 17 November 1986 by Some Bizzare and Epic. The album produced four UK singles, including the band's best-selling single "Heartland," which reached number 29 in the UK and spent 10 weeks on the chart, "Infected", "Slow Train to Dawn" and "Sweet Bird of Truth". Although Infected only peaked at number 14 on the UK Albums Chart, it remained on the chart for 30 weeks.

Writing and composition
The first single from the album, "Heartland", held particular significance for frontman Matt Johnson. Describing it as "probably the best song I've ever written", he said, "I'm attacking those working class Tories and middle class who still think Britain is on a par economically with France and Germany... I wanted to write a classic song which is basically representative of its time, a record that in 1999 people will put on and it will remind them exactly of this period of time... you know it took 18 months to write on and off because I knew it was the most important song I was writing".

"Sweet Bird of Truth" is about the US's military involvement in Middle East politics. Johnson said, "The idea of that single was to provide a musical interpretation of the sort of cultural conflict that occurs when the ultimate Western power takes on the sort of Eastern fundamentalism that you'll find in the Arab nations."

Johnson wanted to release "Sweet Bird of Truth" as the album's first single in April 1986, but the timing coincided with the US bombing of Libya, and because of the song's lyrics critical of American military involvement in the Middle East, CBS were unwilling to release and promote the single. It was eventually released as a low-key limited edition single and deleted on the day of release. Johnson said, "The day I went in to tell them I wanted to release the single, they'd just been told by Special Branch to take their American flags down, since, as an American multi-national, they were a possible target for Libyan bombing. So I prepared a statement for the press, but apparently the [UK national daily newspapers] were told not to print it, because they could then be held responsible if CBS were bombed."

Johnson described "Slow Train to Dawn" as "about the psychological relationship between two people and the weakness of the male in that relationship, and infidelity, which is borne from insecurity and weakness". He admitted that the song was partly autobiographical, saying, "I get myself into a lot of difficult situations. I feel I have to live out what I write about out. I don't feel it's fair if I've never done the things I'm singing about. So I've done everything. I've lived out the lives of the characters."

In Johnson's mind, "Twilight of a Champion" was set in Chicago, despite filming the video in New York City: "When I wrote the song, I created this scene where I was in this Chicago skyline at the top of a building and had become everything I wanted to become, but had sold my soul. There's the young boy and the old man, and I'm in the middle, between innocence and corruption."

"Mercy Beat" is "essentially about spiritual salvation which is why I wanted to do [the video for the song] in South America, because of the heavy influence of Catholicism and Americana."

Infected video film
To promote the album, Johnson produced a music video for each track. He divulged his reasons for this unusual form of promotion in an interview with NME:"'I came to a crossroads in my career really. Having not played live for three and a half years and having such a low profile – for instance not having my picture on my sleeves – I decided to raise the whole stakes of the thing and risk becoming known a lot more as a personality, which is not really something I'm keen on.'"

Johnson and his manager Stevo persuaded CBS Records to advance £350,000 to make the videos, an unprecedented sum for a little-known act. The project began by filming a video for "Heartland" at Greenwich Power Station, directed by Peter Christopherson, and then "Sweet Bird of Truth", directed by Mark Romanek. When Johnson and Christopherson flew to South America to film the videos for "Infected" and "Mercy Beat", events started to spiral out of control. Filming in the Peruvian jungle in Iquitos, Johnson used the services of a local Indian tribe as guides. The Indians introduced Johnson, already an enthusiastic user of drugs, to the hallucinogenic concoctions used in their tribal rituals. The video for "Mercy Beat" captures a scene in which the crew were attacked by a cadre of communist rebels, angry at the appearance of what they considered to be Western intruders. Johnson confirmed that the scene was genuine and unscripted, and admitted that at the time he was "so high", recalling the madness that had ensued: "Someone produced a snake which I was grappling with, and I hate snakes. A monkey bit me, and then me and this guy, who I'd only just met, cut each other and we became blood brothers, rubbing blood over each other's face, stuff like that." The opening scenes for "Infected" picture Johnson strapped to a chair on board a boat sailing down a river in the jungle: Johnson said that he had wanted the opening of the film "to be like that Klaus Kinski movie Fitzcarraldo".

After spending a month in the Amazon jungle, Johnson flew back to New York to shoot the video for "Out of the Blue" with Tim Pope in the Spanish Harlem district. In keeping with the song's lyrical theme, part of the video was filmed in a brothel next door to a crack house. The police protected the film crew until 1:00 a.m. before leaving because they could no longer guarantee the crew's safety. The already tense situation was exacerbated by Johnson, who had been drinking heavily and provoked the crack dealers by throwing a bottle against the wall near them. Johnson and Pope also shot the video for "Twilight of a Champion" in New York, which includes a scene in which Johnson places a loaded gun in his mouth. Johnson explained his actions by saying: "I wanted to see what it felt like. To have all that power, to be so close to dying. It's incredible."

The final two videos were filmed in the UK, with "Angels of Deception" directed by Alastair McIlwain and "Slow Train to Dawn" directed by Pope. The video for "Slow Train to Dawn" features Neneh Cherry, who duets with Johnson on the track, tied to a railway line while Johnson pilots a train headed toward her. Pope later dismissed his work on the video, saying, "I hate that one. It's pretentious and kind of stupid."

The completed film premiered at the Electric Cinema in Notting Hill in west London and was first shown on British television on Channel 4 on 16 December 1986, followed by a showing on MTV. It was shown at independent cinemas across the world and released on VHS cassette early in 1987. It has never been released on DVD.

Despite critical acclaim for both the album and accompanying video film, the making of Infected took its toll on Johnson. Already unwell and suffering from bouts of paralysis because of his heavy intake of vodka and drugs, Johnson's failure to take care of his health and his insistence on pushing the boundaries during the making of the videos had a lasting impact. He separated from his girlfriend of five years (graphic designer Fiona Skinner, who created the The's logo) and withdrew from music for a time to recover his physical and mental health. Pope recalled that he had not particularly liked Johnson during filming as he had become arrogant. In 2002, Johnson said, "I took a long hard look at myself and realised I didn't like the way I was acting... That initial flush of success is a toxin, it really warps people's personalities for the worse and I didn't like what it did to me."

Artwork
The album's artwork is by Matt Johnson's brother Andy. Fiona Skinner, who created the logo for the The, again modified an existing font and created transfers for Johnson to use in the final artwork.

Critical reception
The reviews by the British music magazines were mostly very positive, with reviewers impressed by the bleakness of the lyrics and the strength of Johnson's vision. Melody Maker stated, "Kicking concepts of democratic creativity in the kidneys, Johnson has justifiably come out with a one-man vision of terrifying proportions." Sounds claimed that "there's self-controlled passion and strength seeping out all over this thing", while Q described the album as "grim stuff, with the lyrical tension well-matched by the music. Imagine a bizarre collision between Soft Cell and Tom Waits and you might get some idea of the disparate elements sloshing around in each of these songs." Record Mirror opined that "coming to any judgement about this new record is quite daunting. What becomes clear, however, is that we are dealing with something special... Two sides of this intense brooding can be a bit much to take though, and the lyrics are at times self-consciously poetic, but these are minor complaints. Infected might not be a particularly optimistic record, but it is rather a good one." Only NME was critical of the album, describing it as "shocking" but then pondering: "The question is – and it's one that was endlessly asked of Low – what remains after the initial impact, my shock, wears off? The answer to that will vary, naturally, from one burning blue soul to the next; for me, the lasting afterglow is one of detachment... In the final analysis, living with Infected is like having one of those vast, mirror-windowed office blocks built across the road from your front door. You can't fail to notice it, and you'll be impressed, sure. But you won't grow to love it."

A retrospective review in AllMusic said, "Instead of the light fare displayed on Soul Mining, Infected ' s songs seethe instead of preen, and Matt Johnson's lyrics are laced with tension. Thematically, he plunges a lance into the exposed midsection of Great Britain, analyzing the state of modern urban life in the country... Infected was the first true indication of Johnson's mercurial nature, and established the dissonance and reinvention of his later work."

Accolades
Record Mirror placed Infected at number three in its year-end list of the best albums of 1986, and "Heartland" at number four in the equivalent singles list.

In 2000, Q placed Infected at number 99 in its list of the 100 greatest British albums. The album was also included in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die (2005).

Singles

 * "Heartland" – UK #29, August 1986
 * "Infected" – UK #48, October 1986
 * "Slow Train to Dawn" – UK #64, January 1987; Matt Johnson's vocals accompanied by Neneh Cherry
 * "Sweet Bird of Truth" – UK #55, May 1987; Johnson's vocals accompanied by Anna Domino

Track listing
All tracks written and composed by Matt Johnson, except where noted.

CD bonus tracks
 * 1) "Infected" – 4:49
 * 2) "Out of the Blue (Into the Fire)" – 5:10
 * 3) "Heartland" – 5:01
 * 4) "Angels of Deception" – 4:37
 * 5) "Sweet Bird of Truth" – 5:22
 * 6) "Slow Train to Dawn" – 4:14
 * 7) "Twilight of a Champion" (lyrics: Johnson; music: Johnson, Roli Mosimann) – 4:22
 * 8) "The Mercy Beat" – 7:22
 * 1) "Infected" (12" version) – 6:12
 * 2) "Sweet Bird of Truth" (12" version) – 7:37
 * 3) "Slow Train to Dawn" (12" version) – 6:36

Personnel
with:
 * Matt Johnson – guitar, keyboards, percussion, vocals
 * David Palmer – drums
 * Luís Jardim – percussion
 * Warne Livesey – bass, organ, backing vocals, string arrangement
 * Neneh Cherry – vocals on "Slow Train to Dawn"
 * Dan K. Brown – electric bass
 * Jeff Clyne – acoustic bass
 * Dave Clayton – synth bass
 * Steve Hogarth – piano
 * Gary Moberley – Fairlight CMI operator
 * Bashiri Johnson – percussion
 * Roli Mosimann – percussion, programming
 * Bob Mintzer, Jamie Talbot – saxophone
 * Andrew Blake – baritone saxophone
 * Guy Barker – trumpet, flugelhorn
 * John Thirkell, David Defries, John Edcott – trumpet
 * Pete Beachill, Ashley Slater, Steve Aitken – trombone
 * Philip Eastop – French horn
 * Judd Lander – harmonica
 * Tessa Niles, Zeke Manyika, Anna Domino, the Croquets – backing vocals
 * The Astarti String Orchestra – strings
 * Gavin Wright – orchestra leader
 * The Deaf Section – brass
 * Anne Dudley, Andrew Poppy – brass arrangements

title: Infected (The The album)


text:
Janaka

Janaka (जनक, IAST: Janakā) is the King of Videha who ruled from Mithila, in the Hindu epic Ramayana. Janaka was married to Sunayana. He is the father of Sita, the female protagonist of the epic and Urmila. Janaka is revered as being an ideal example of non-attachment to material possessions. He was intensely interested in spiritual discourse and considered himself free from worldly illusions. His interactions with sages and seekers such as Ashtavakra and Sulabha are recorded in the ancient texts.

Birth and ancestry
Janaka, originally named Sīradhvaja, was born to King Hrasvaroman of Mithila and his wife Keikasi. The Videha kingdom was situated historically between the Gandaki River to the east, the Mahananda River to the west, the Ganga river to the north, and the Himalayas to the south. Janaka had a younger brother named Kushadhvaja. Upon ascending to the throne as the King of Mithila, Janaka faced an attack from the King of Samkasya, Sudhanvan. In the ensuing war, Janaka emerged victorious by defeating and killing Sudhanvan, after which he appointed his brother Kushadhvaja as the new King of Samkasya.

King Nimi was the first ruler of the Videha kingdom. Janaka was descended from Vishnu in the following order:—Brahmā—Marīci—Kaśyapa—Vivasvān—Vaivasvata—Ikṣvāku—Nimi—Mithi—Udāvasu—Nandivardhana—Suketu—Devarāta—Bṛhadratha—Mahāvīra—Sudhṛti—Dhṛṣṭaketu—Haryaśva—Maru—Pratvantaka—Kīrtiratha—Devamīḍha—Vibudha—Mahīdhraka—Kīrtirāta—Mahāroman—Svarṇaroman—Hrasvaroman—Janaka.

Marriage and children

Janaka was married to queen Sunayana. According to Ramayana, Janaka and Sunayana found Sita while ploughing as a part of a yagna and adopted her. Sita is considered as an avatar of goddess Lakshmi. She later gave birth to Urmila on Jaya ekadashi, who is an avatar of goddess Nagalakshmi.

When Sita reached adulthood, Janaka conducted her svayamvara, which was won by Rama. Alongside the wedding of Rama and Sita, Urmila married Rama's younger brother Lakshmana.

Later role in Ayodhya
Janaka accompanied Bharata to Chitrakoot, where Bharata went to persuade Rama, Sita and Lakshmana to return to Ayodhya. After Rama returned from the exile and was then crowned the King of Kosala, Janaka became an important figure in his court. Rama would also take Janaka's advice on many important occasions.

Assessment

Late Vedic literature such as Shatapatha Brahmana and Brihadaranyaka Upanishad mention a certain King Janaka (c. 8th or 7th century BCE) as a great philosopher-king of Videha, renowned for his patronage of Vedic culture and philosophy and whose court was an intellectual center for Brahmin sages such as Yajnavalkya, Uddalaka Aruni, and Gargi Vachaknavi. Under his reign, Videha became a dominant political and cultural center of the Indian subcontinent.

For his contribution to Mithila region, Janaka is termed a National Hero in Nepal.

Literature

Janaka's conversation with the sage Ashtavakra is recorded in the Ashtavakra Gita, wherein he is depicted as one who is realised and this was tested by the sage Ashtavakra. Many spiritual teachers have referred to this writing often translating and deducing its meaning.

Films

 * Mikkilineni portrayed Janaka in the 1991 Telugu film Brahmarshi Viswamitra.
 * Murali Mohan portrayed Janaka in the 2011 Telugu film Sri Rama Rajyam.

Television

 * Mulraj Rajda portrayed Janaka in the 1987 series Ramayan and the 1988 series Luv Kush.
 * Pradeep Sharma portrayed Janaka in the 2002 series Ramayan.
 * Gyan Prakash portrayed Janaka in the 2008 series Ramayan.
 * Mohit Chauhan portrayed Janaka in the 2011 series Devon Ke Dev...Mahadev.
 * Radha Krishna Dutta portrayed Janaka in the 2012 series Ramayan.
 * Bijay Anand portrayed Janaka in the 2015 series Siya Ke Ram.
 * Shahbaz Khan portrayed Janaka in the 2018 series Ram Siya Ke Luv Kush.
 * Jatin Sial portrayed Janaka in the 2021 web series Ramyug.
 * Jiten Lalwani portrayed Janaka in the 2024 series Shrimad Ramayan.

title: Janaka


text:
Talk:East Windsor, Connecticut

Jonathan Edwards' house
Jonathan Edward's house is in East Windsor Hill which is not part of East WIndsor. EWH is actually the Main Street portion of the town of South Windsor. Come on by, I'll be happy to show you where the house is. (HB) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Hughb (talk • contribs) 12:14, 14 June 2005

subject to touch base on?
we all know how notorious the high school is with the harsh criticisms of the administration, especially instances such as those that transpired on the online-forum, or the senior research seminar gone wrong

granted it there would be challenges in writing it without a slanted viewpoint, but the school does have a reputation of sorts —Preceding unsigned comment added by Gurgg (talk • contribs) 03:28, 6 June 2007

 * I actually only live less than a mile from the EW border, but I have no idea what you're refering to. If you can provide citations from reliable sources, you may make additions to the article.—Elipongo (Talk contribs) 03:35, 14 June 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:EastWindsorCTseal.gif
Image:EastWindsorCTseal.gif is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 07:10, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:East Windsor, Connecticut


text: Category:Catholic orders of chivalry

title: Category:Catholic orders of chivalry


text:
USS Chemung (AO-30)

USS Chemung (AO-30), a Cimarron-class oiler (1939) fleet replenishment oiler serving in the United States Navy, was the second ship named for the Chemung River in New York State.

Chemung was launched 9 September 1939 as Esso Annapolis by Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation at Bethlehem Sparrows Point Shipyard, Sparrows Point, Maryland, under a Maritime Commission contract; sponsored by Miss Howard; acquired by the Navy 5 June 1941; and commissioned 3 July 1941.

From 13 July 1941 until the entry of the United States into World War II, Chemung operated between east coast ports and the oil ports of Texas and Louisiana transporting fuel oil.

World War II
From 20 December 1941 to 3 January 1942 she issued fuel at NS Argentia, Newfoundland. Reloading at Norfolk, Virginia, she steamed to Hvalfjörður, Iceland carrying fuel (19 February–25 March), then operated between Norfolk and ports in the Gulf of Mexico from 1 April to 16 May. Following another tour as fuel station ship at Hvalfjörður (30 May–26 June), Chemung departed from New York City 20 August with a convoy bound for the United Kingdom. Two days later USS Ingraham (DD-444) collided with her at night. The destroyer sank almost immediately when the depth charges on her stern exploded. Chemung, although heavily damaged by the explosion and resulting fires, reached Boston, Massachusetts 26 August for repairs.

Steaming 1 October 1942 to Beaumont, Texas, to load fuel, Chemung accompanied the North African assault force to sea, remained off the coast during the landings, then returned to Norfolk 30 November to resume coastwise fuel runs. From 15 February 1943 to 11 June 1945 Chemung alternated five convoy voyages to United Kingdom ports and five to North Africa with coast-wise and Caribbean cargo duty and station duty at Bermuda and in the Azores.

Post-war service
An assignment to occupation duty in the Far East found Chemung circumnavigating the globe as she cleared Norfolk 18 July 1945, passed through the Panama Canal for service at Okinawa 17 September to 13 October, and returned by way of the Cape of Good Hope to Norfolk 6 December. She operated with the US Atlantic Fleet, serving the US 6th Fleet in the Mediterranean (12 November 1948—1 April 1949), until 17 March 1950, when she sailed for San Diego, where she was decommissioned and placed in reserve 3 July 1950.

Recommissioned 1 December 1950, Chemung steamed to the Far East 28 January 1951 for a brief tour refueling forces engaged in the Korean War. During her second tour of duty (7 July 1951—20 April 1952), she supported United Nations troops in Korea, served on the Formosa Patrol, then transported oil from Ras Tanura, Arabia, to Guam. She again sailed from San Pedro 24 June 1952 to support the US 7th Fleet off Korea until returning to Mare Island for overhaul on 24 February.

In nine succeeding tours of duty in the Western Pacific from her home port at San Pedro California between 1953 and 1960, Chemung supported many of the 7th Fleet's most notable contributions to the keeping of peace in the Far East. During her 1954—1955 tour she provided fuel for the ships carrying out the evacuation of the Tachen Islands. During each of the tours she has served as station tanker at Kaohsiung, Taiwan, fueling the ships of the Taiwan Patrol.

Chemung served through the 1960s, including service in support of the Vietnam War, until she was decommissioned on 18 September 1970. She was transferred to the Maritime Administration and scrapped in May 1971.

Chemung received two battle stars for World War II service, and four for service in the Korean War.

title: USS Chemung (AO-30)