text:
Talk:Interstate 980

Future
Should there be a section on this page about the future of the highway? NintendoTTTEfan2005 (talk) 06:08, 3 January 2024 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Interstate 980


text:
Inter-Cooperative Council at the University of Michigan

The Inter-Cooperative Council at the University of Michigan (ICC) is a student owned and operated housing cooperative serving students and community members in Ann Arbor, Michigan. The ICC is an active member of NASCO.

History
In response to the harsh economic times imposed by the Great Depression, members of the Socialist Club at the University of Michigan founded the Michigan Socialist House, located at 335 East Ann Street, in 1932. In return for four to five hours of work and two dollars each week, each of the 18 founding members received room, board, barber, canning, and laundry service. The success of the Michigan Socialist House fueled other cooperative endeavors by the Socialist Club, the most notable being the Michigan Cooperative Boarding House, later to be renamed the Michigan Wolverine Eating Co-op. The Michigan Wolverine Eating Co-op would later play a vital role in the expansion of the cooperative movement on campus. By serving as a common ground for members of the Socialist Club and the Student Christian Association, which owned the building at the time, the Wolverine Eating Co-op introduced the idea of housing cooperatives to many within the religious community.

The second wave of student cooperative houses was formally initiated in 1934 through the efforts of the Reverend and Mrs. H. L. Pickerill. The Pickerills welcomed students to live in their house in exchange for performing household chores. By 1936 there were a total of eight students living in the Pickerills' attic who, with the help of a $700 loan from the Reverend, rented a house on Thompson Street naming it the Student Cooperative House and, later, Rochdale House. Because the women who often visited the Rochdale Co-op were in a similar economic position to their male counterparts and the university did not allow for males and females to cohabitate, they began to look for a house of their own. A house at 517 East Ann Street was rented and ran smoothly as the Girls' Cooperative House until 1939 when it was forced to move to 1511 Washtenaw Street, adopting the new name, the Alice Freeman Palmer House, named after prominent women's educational rights activist Alice Freeman Palmer.

In 1937, adhering to the Rochdale Principles of cooperation among cooperatives and continuing education, the four existing student cooperatives, the Michigan Socialist House, the Michigan Wolverine Eating Co-op, the Rochdale cooperative House and the yet to be renamed Girls' Cooperative House joined to form the Campus Cooperative Council. This organization later became known as the Inter-Cooperative Council and, in 1939, submitted a draft of its first constitution to be adopted and ratified by each of the cooperatives on campus. The increased economy, efficiency, and publicity gained through the establishment of the Inter-Cooperative Council facilitated the establishment of many more student cooperatives on Campus. This expansion reached its peak prior to the outbreak of World War II when the ICC consisted of 12 independent rooming and boarding houses. All of the organization's houses were rented until 1943 when Stevens House was purchased, named after Albert K. Stevens, an early supporter of the ICC.

The ICC hired its first paid executive director, Luther H. Buchele, in 1951, although some students felt having paid leadership was at odds with cooperative values. Under his leadership, the Inter-Cooperative Council began a steady period of expansion from 1953 to 1978, during which several more houses were purchased and the North Campus Co-ops were constructed.

Governance
In accordance with the second Rochdale principle, democratic member control, ultimate authority in the organization lies with the Board of Directors. The ICC Board meets on Mondays, typically twice a month.

Board of directors
The Board of Directors includes voting representatives from each house (one per house with the exceptions: 3 from Escher, 2 from MichMinnies ), the chairpersons of standing committees (non-voting), and the General Manager (non-voting).

Committees
Each board member must serve on one of the following committees chaired by Vice Presidents (VPs). The committees are:
 * Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Committee (DEICom)
 * Education Committee (EdCom)
 * Operations Management Committee (OpsCom)
 * Marketing and Recruitment Committee (MarCo)
 * Finance Committee (FinCom)
 * Facilities Management Committee (FamCom)

The VPs of each committee, the ICC president, and the General Manager sit on another committee that helps to coordinate the efforts of all the other committees and the board of directors. This committee is known as the Coordinating Committee (CoCo).

Houses
The ICC currently owns 19 houses and 1 office around the Central and North Campuses of the University of Michigan. The houses are primarily named after past co-opers and are often known locally by the honoree's last name (e.g. Karl D. Gregory House goes by simply 'Gregory').

Ella Baker Cooperative House
Ella Baker Graduate Co-operative, known previously under several names including the James R. Jones House, Joint House, and Tri-House (in conjunction with A.K. Stevens) was originally opened as two separate houses; Mark VIII, purchased in 1961, and Pickerell, purchased in 1965. The two houses were connected via the addition of a large central room and functioned as a single co-op. After being remodeled in 2007, the co-op adopted its current name and offered housing tailored for graduate students instead of operating primarily for undergraduates. It is located at 917-923 S. Forest Ave.

Black Elk Cooperative House
Black Elk Cooperative House was founded in 1986, and is located at 902 Baldwin Avenue. Black Elk is a vegetarian house and does not allow meat on the property in any form.

Eugene V. Debs Cooperative House
Eugene V. Debs Cooperative House was founded in 1967, and is located at 909 E. University Avenue. Debs Cooperative houses 23 residents, and members cook vegetarian and vegan meals.

Karl D. Gregory Cooperative House
Karl D. Gregory Cooperative House at 1617 Washtenaw was originally built in 1909 for the Tau Gamma Nu fraternity and was purchased by the ICC in 1995. Gregory House is the only house in the organization that is expressly substance free. No tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs are allowed on the property. As of June 2008, Gregory House has a maximum capacity of 29 members (by way of 13 single and 8 double capacity rooms). Karl D. Gregory is an alumnus of Nakamura House. Gregory has been a long time activist of civil and human rights. After being successful under appointments by Presidents Kennedy, Johnson, Ford, Carter, and Reagan, he generously donated $20,000 to the ICC. This was used to acquire the Karl D. Gregory Cooperative House, named in his honor.

Coretta Scott King Cooperative House
Coretta Scott King Cooperative House is located at 803 East Kingsley Street. Compared to other ICC co-ops, King functions closer to an apartment complex with six separate units, having less common shared space.

Marsha P. Johnson & Sylvia Rivera Cooperative House
Muriel Lester Cooperative House was founded in 1940 as an all-women's cooperative house; in 2021, the previous members of Lester Cooperative House and the Inter-Cooperative Council Board of Directors worked to re-theme the cooperative to "Sylvia Rivera Cooperative House". It was renamed again to the Marsha P. Johnson and Sylvia Rivera Cooperative House. The theme of SJohnson-Rivera is to be a safe space that centers the needs and experiences of Queer Trans People of Color (QTPOC). Today it is located at 900 Oakland Street and is, like all ICC co-ops, inclusive of all genders. It houses 15 residents. Although the theme of Rivera Co-op is to be a safe space for QTPOC, due to fair housing laws, anyone is allowed to live at Rivera Co-op; it is not solely limited to QTPOC.

The November 27, 1943 Thanksgiving issue of the Saturday Evening Post featured Lester Cooperative House in an article about student cooperative movements in America.

Benjamin Linder Cooperative House
Benjamin Linder Cooperative House houses 15 people during the spring/summer terms, and 20 people during the school year. It is located at 711 Catherine St. and is known for its dinners. There is always a vegetarian option.

Luther Buchele Cooperative House
Luther Buchele Cooperative House, known as 'Luther House' or 'Luther Cooperative', is made up of two houses located at 1510 and 1520 Hill Street. The buildings were purchased by the Inter-Cooperative Council in 1986; prior to that the buildings were home to John Sinclair, the MC5 and the White Panther Party. Located behind the two residential houses is the ICC's Moses Coady-Paulo Friere Cooperative Education Center, at which various educational and board meetings are held. Luther Cooperative is one of the larger cooperatives in the ICC, capable of housing up to 50 members split between the two homes. Luther House is known for its annual Halloween party, 'Lutherween'.

Michigan Cooperative House
Michigan Cooperative House is the oldest cooperative house in the ICC, founded in 1932 as the Michigan Socialist House. It is located at 315 N. State Street.

Minnie's Cooperative House
Minnie's Cooperative House was founded in 1970, and is located at 307 N. State Street. It neighbors Michigan Cooperative House, and as such the two share meals and many aspects of their culture.

John Nakamura Cooperative House
John Nakamura Cooperative is named after John Nakamura, a previous ICC member who served in World War 2. The Cooperative was named after Nakamura due to his service to a country that was actively discriminating against him. Nakamura Cooperative is known for their biweekly open mic nights.

Harold Osterweil Cooperative House
Harold Osterweil Cooperative House is a student housing cooperative located on East Jefferson Street in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Osterweil is the third oldest co-operative and is one of the smallest in the Inter-Cooperative Council. The cooperative is named after Economics professor Harold Osterweil. Its first residents were men during the summer of 1946, but in the fall of 1946 Osterweil became a women's house and in 1970 became co-ed. By the time of its purchase, all new student housing had to be approved by the university because students were legally considered minors at that time. Because the ICC moved so fast in its expansion, the university was not asked for approval until after the house was already purchased. The first house that the university granted approval for retroactively is most likely Osterweil.

Robert Owen Cooperative House
Robert Owen Cooperative House, which deems their theme as "theme-less" was founded in 1938 and moved to the current location of 1017 Oakland Ave in 1944.

Ruths' Cooperative House
Ruths' was purchased by the ICC in 1993 and is located at 321 N. Thayer. Ruths' has a theme of "cozy/granny" and has a maximum occupancy of 12 residents.

Sojourner Truth Cooperative House
Sojourner Truth Cooperative House holds 52 members and is themed as a house welcoming international students. The house was originally named after comedian Lenny Bruce before adopting its current name in the 1980s.

Stefan T. Vail Cooperative House
Stefan T. Vail Cooperative House is located at 602 Lawrence Street, and was founded in 1960. The house proper was constructed in 1853, and is a recognized as a historic building by the city of Ann Arbor. Vail Cooperative houses 23 residents and cooks vegetarian and vegan meals.

Escher Cooperative House
Which was previously two houses:
 * Georgia O'Keeffe
 * Renaissance

Rochdale Center
The ICC's main office, the Rochdale Center, is located at 377 E. William Street.

Past Houses
Several ICC houses have closed, sold, or been lost to fire since the creation of the Inter-Cooperative Council, including:

 * A.K. Stevens House (Purchased in 1943, burnt down in 2004)
 * Brandeis House (Purchased 1956)
 * Congress House (Founded 1939, dissolved during World War II)
 * Palmer House (Founded 1939, dissolved during World War II)
 * Rochdale House (Founded 1937, dissolved during World War II)
 * Xanadu House (Purchased in 1971, sold in 1986)
 * Zeno House (2006-2008)


text:
USS Dacotah

USS Dacotah – the only United States Navy ship to be so named – was a large (996 LT) steam sloop that served the United States Navy in the Atlantic Ocean as well as in the Pacific Ocean. When the American Civil War occurred, Dacotah assumed the role of a gunboat in the Union blockade of the Confederate States of America.

When the war was over, Dacotah – who was named for the American Dakota tribe – resumed her role protecting American interests worldwide by showing her presence in both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

Service history
Dacotah was launched on 23 March 1859 by Norfolk Navy Yard and commissioned on 1 May 1860, Commander W. Radford in command. Sailing from Norfolk, Virginia on 30 June 1860, Dacotah rounded the Cape of Good Hope, and arrived at Hong Kong on 8 January 1861 to join the East Indian Squadron. She cruised off China until returning to Hong Kong on 14 June. On 6 August, she sailed for home and arrived at St. Thomas, Virgin Islands on 21 November for two weeks of patrolling before arriving at New York City on 20 December.

Out of commission from 31 December 1861 – 25 February 1862, Dacotah sailed on 9 March to join the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron. She served in the waters around Hampton Roads, Virginia from 13 March-14 September except for a cruise to New Orleans, Louisiana in May–June to carry messages to Flag Officer David Farragut. From 19 July, she was assigned to the James River Flotilla. She had several skirmishes with the Confederates including those in which a company of her sailors and marines, destroyed a Confederate battery of 11 guns at Harden's Bluff, Virginia on 2 July, and one of 15 guns at Day's Point, Virginia the next day. Ordered to Nassau, Bahamas on 4 September to search for the Confederate privateers Alabama and Florida, she patrolled off the Bahamas until 1 November, when she was sent to search further northward to Newfoundland and Nova Scotia.

She joined the blockading forces off Wilmington, North Carolina on 8 December and served there until 11 June 1863, when she stood out for Baltimore, Maryland and repairs to her boilers. Returning to the blockade on 15 September she was ordered into quarantine at New York City the next month when several cases of smallpox were discovered on board. During a repair period at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, she participated in the search for the captured steamer-turned-raider Chesapeake from 13 to 23 December. Dacotah departed Portsmouth on 28 January 1864 to rejoin the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron at Beaufort, North Carolina, serving there until 2 August, when she sailed for Boston Navy Yard and overhaul. Out of commission from 19 August 1864 – 29 May 1865, she cruised in the West Indies from 13 June until her arrival at Philadelphia Navy Yard on 31 August.

Dacotah put to sea from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on 27 January 1866 for a voyage to the Pacific, calling at Funchal, Madeira, Rio de Janeiro, Montevideo, and, after passing through the Straits of Magellan, at Valparaíso. Following duty off the coasts of South and Central America, Mexico, and California until 26 July 1869, Dacotah remained in an inactive status until sold at Mare Island Navy Yard on 30 May 1873.

title: USS Dacotah


text:
South Shore Line (disambiguation)

The South Shore Line is a commuter rail line from Chicago to South Bend, Indiana.

South Shore Line may also refer to:

 * Chicago South Shore and South Bend Railroad, commonly referred to as South Shore Line, a freight rail company operating on the commuter rail line
 * South Shore Line, the original name of the Braintree Branch of the MBTA Red Line in Massachusetts, USA
 * South Shore Railroad, a railroad in Massachusetts
 * Duluth, South Shore and Atlantic Railway
 * South Shore Line (Montreal), a proposed rapid transit line in Montreal, Quebec
 * Southern Railway zone, in parts of coastal southern India

title: South Shore Line (disambiguation)


text:
Talk:List of Mir expeditions

Untitled
Deltabeignet, you did a really good job listing all of the Mir Expeditions. Thanks for all your hard work. This must have taken a long time to gather and list all of that information. It's people like you that make Wikipedia great. Thanks!

title: Talk:List of Mir expeditions


text:
User talk:Dmgerrard

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Alai 22:11, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
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Citation templates
Hi there!

I noticed that you're not using the citation templates to cite books and such. Wikipedia has some standard ways of citing sources like those, so I suggest you to have a look to WP:CITE and, more importantly, WP:CITET. Nobody will force you to use them, but they give a standarized look to all citations, and help the search engines and bots classify references.

Regards, -- Iván Sánchez (talk)  09:25, 28 August 2007 (UTC)

Thank you, but my life is too short for such complications. Feel free to put my references in a template for me, if you wish. Dmgerrard 09:39, 28 August 2007 (UTC)

 * I've done it for a couple of your articles. And believe me, once you can copy-paste the template, it's anything but complicated. --  Iván Sánchez (talk)  10:35, 28 August 2007 (UTC)

Possibly unfree Image:Scan0026.jpg
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Not my image! Dmgerrard

Falklands photos
Hi mate, I was just looking at some of your photos, were you in the Falklands then? Ryan 4314  (talk) 23:36, 4 February 2009 (UTC)

Yes, I was in RFA Sir Lancelot. Read all about it - http://www.rfaaplymouth.org/lancelotreunion/ Dmgerrard (6 Feb.2009. This keyboard doesnt have tildes!)

 * A very interesting read, thankyou very much. Incidentally in lieu of a tilde key, above the box in which you edit, there should be some blue button/tabs, pressing one of them should add a signature for you. Ryan 4314   (talk) 13:17, 8 February 2009 (UTC)

Regarding Spanish names in the Falklands, I think it is perfectly valid to include these, especially as they are frequently different from the English and/or have some historical importance. It's not a sovereignty issue. You'll see the articles on Wroclaw, Bratislava etc have the German forms of the names, because these are historically relevant, not because anyone's saying that they should be ruled by Germany or Austria.--MacRusgail (talk) 15:36, 19 February 2010 (UTC)

File source problem with File:Ennerdale(1).jpg
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File source problem with File:RFA Ennerdale.JPG
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Re the RFA photos
Where did you get the photos from? If it was a website then adding the url to the images will mean that we are better able to assess whether or not these images are PD as expired Crown Copyright. Mjroots (talk) 05:21, 6 June 2010 (UTC) No it wont. The age of the photo determines that Crown Copyright has expired. The Bedenham was destroyed in 1951. Dmgerrard (talk) 18:44, 11 June 2010 (UTC)

File source problem with File:Dingledale.jpg
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Tangocallsign.jpg
Hi Dmgerrard

This is about a picture you have added called "Tangocallsign.jpg" It is "An LCU from HMS Intrepid alongside RFA Sir Lancelot" On this page http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_naval_forces_in_the_Falklands_War

My question is that do you know what the vehicle is that is onboard the LCU?

Thanks

Gavbadger (talk) 00:42, 11 February 2012 (UTC)

I think its a Muirhill Tractor. Dmgerrard (talk) 14:35, 17 April 2012 (UTC)

Warning for personal attacks
It is my regrettable duty to make you aware of the Wikipedia policy about personal attacks that you violated here, although I'm sure this was unintentional. In any case you should know that repeated violations of this or other Wikipedia policies could get you blocked or banned.

Thank you. --OpenFuture (talk) 10:58, 17 April 2012 (UTC)

Noted. I think you are equally guilty. "Yes, pig headed is the right word for that. How about listening to explanations next time? --OpenFuture (talk) 23:53, 30 December 2009 (UTC" Dmgerrard (talk) 14:41, 17 April 2012 (UTC)

 * Shakes my head in disbelief --OpenFuture (talk) 20:36, 17 April 2012 (UTC)

Talk page indentation.
Please read Tutorial (Talk pages) and Indentation. --OpenFuture (talk) 11:06, 17 April 2012 (UTC)
 * I've read it. It reminds me of a discussion about how many angels can dance on the head of a pin!

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/How_many_angels_can_dance_on_the_head_of_a_pin%3F Dmgerrard (talk) 14:48, 17 April 2012 (UTC)

 * Your refusal to format your discussions in a clear and constructive manner is hereby noted. Thanks for letting us know you aren't interested in constructive cooperation. --OpenFuture (talk) 20:32, 17 April 2012 (UTC)

Thank you for all your contribs
Hi,

Just a quick note to say thanks for all your contributions here - the naval images in particular.

With regard to the above complaints about personal attacks, I very much doubt you give a damn, but on the offchance that you were considering doing so, please don't - so far as I can see you were just being forthright.

Best,

Egg  Centri  c  23:13, 12 June 2012 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:04, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

File source problem with File:Rfadewdalelsg.jpg
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title: User talk:Dmgerrard


text: User talk:70.246.194.255

title: User talk:70.246.194.255


text:
Grainer evaporation process

The Grainer evaporation process is a method of producing salt.

This method uses shallow open pans with steam-heated immersion coils to evaporate the brine into salt.

Sometimes it is paired with a partial-vacuum, to speed evaporation.

title: Grainer evaporation process


text:
Talk:List of Mir spacewalks

good job
Deltabeignet, you did a really good job listing all of the Mir Spacewalks. Thanks for all your hard work. This must have taken a long time to gather and list all of that information. It's people like you that make Wikipedia great. Thanks! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.4.137.164 (talk • contribs)

External links modified
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title: Talk:List of Mir spacewalks


text:
Korea General Chemicals Trading

Korea General Chemicals Trading Corporation (조선화학무역총회사) is a North Korean chemical conglomerate. Its headquarters are in Pyongyang. Including plastic, it produces a wide variety of chemicals for domestic commercial and industrial use. The company also imports chemicals into North Korea.

Products
Products of Korea General Chemicals include liquified gas, urea fertilizer, ammonium nitrate fertilizer, explosives, blasting fuses, percussion caps, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, rubber, rubber asbestos packing materials, aluminum silicon, plastics, alcohols, inks, carbides, dyes, chrome yellow, potassium alum and aluminium hydroxide.

Imported products
The company imports industrial chemical stock including caustic soda, potassium carbonate, normal hexane, chromic anhydride, zinc dusting powder, titanium white, other pigments, glycerine, seamless steel pipes, high alumina cement, nickel, silver, and various ingredients for the production of plastic.

title: Korea General Chemicals Trading


text:
John Macdonell

Lieutenant Colonel John Macdonell of Greenfield (19 April 1785 – 14 October 1812) was an aide-de-camp to British Major General Sir Isaac Brock during the War of 1812, dying in the Battle of Queenston Heights.

Life
He was born on 19 April 1785 in Scotland near Aberchalder and came to Canada when he was seven years old. There, he studied to become a lawyer and was called to the bar at the age of 23, opening his own law office. An interest in politics earned him a seat on the legislature and an appointment as attorney-general.

He also became a lieutenant colonel in the York Militia and, at the outbreak of the War of 1812, became secretary and provincial aide-de-camp to General Isaac Brock. On 13 October 1812, during the Battle of Queenston Heights, Brock was struck and killed by an American musket ball. Despite being a lawyer by trade with little military experience, Lieutenant-Colonel Macdonell, along with Captain John Williams of the 49th Foot, led a second attempt to retake the Redan, one that was very nearly successful.

With Williams' men of the 49th starting from brush to the right of the line near the escarpment and Macdonell's anchoring the left, the force of between 70 and 80 men (more than half of whom were militia) advanced toward the Redan Battery. The U.S. forces under the command of Captain John E. Wool had been reinforced by more troops who had just made their way up the path to the top of the Heights, and Macdonell faced some four hundred troops.

Despite the disadvantage in numbers as well as attacking a fixed position, Williams' and Macdonell's small force was driving the opposing force to the edge of the gorge on which the Redan was situated, and seemed on the verge of success before the Americans were able to regroup and stand firm. The momentum of the battle turned when a musket ball hit Macdonell's mount, causing it to rear and twist around. Another shot hit Macdonnell in the small of the back, causing him to fall from the horse. He was removed from the battlefield but succumbed to his injuries early the next day.

Brock's Monument
On 16 October 1812 Lieut. Col. Macdonell, along with General Brock, was buried in the bastion at the northeast corner of Fort George. In 1824, both bodies were moved to Queenston Heights to be interred in the first Brock's Monument. It is documented that when moving the remains someone noted that while Lieut. Col. Macdonell was in a later state of decomposition, General Brock's remains were near perfect. In 1840, Irish-Canadian Benjamin Lett was suspected of (but never charged with) setting an explosive charge that heavily damaged the first monument. When a new monument was built, there was no mention of Macdonell on it. But inside the monument there is a brass plaque which reads:

"Beneath are deposited the mortal remains of Lieut. Colonel John Macdonell P.A. D.C. and Aide-de-camp to the lamented Major General Sir Isaac Brock. K.B. Who fell mortally wounded at the Battle of Queenston on 13 October 1812 and died on the following day. His remains were removed and reinterred with due solemnity, on 13 October 1853."

At the Redan Battery, a plaque mounted on a trio of large stones also serves as a monument to Macdonell. The plaque reads:

"Near this spot Lieut-Col. John Macdonell Attorney General of Upper Canada was mortally wounded 13 October 1812."

Legacy
In his 1984 album From Fresh Water, the late Canadian folk singer Stan Rogers immortalised Macdonell in the song "Macdonnell on the Heights". He laments that despite Macdonell's courage, "not one in ten thousand knows your name".

title: John Macdonell


text:
User:Monger

Some of the articles I have significantly contributed to:

 * Regular expression
 * Children of God

title: User:Monger


text:
Sidolówka

The Sidolówka was an unofficial, yet common, name of the '''R wz. 42''' hand grenade, produced by the Polish resistance organization Armia Krajowa in occupied Poland during World War II.

The name of the grenade came from Sidol, a metal-cleaning agent from Henkel sold in Poland at the time. The first grenades used the Sidol bottles as the casing. Later on the casing was purposely modelled after the bottle in order to allow for easier hiding of the weapon. Sidolówka was first produced in Warsaw in 1942, by the professors of the Warsaw University of Technology under the leadership of Jan Czochralski. It was partially based on an earlier design of the Filipinka grenade, also of underground construction, which in turn was based on a pre-war Polish ET-38 anti-tank grenade. The primer and the detonator were designed by two engineers of the pre-war Polish munition works in Warsaw, pyrotechnician Władysław Pankowski and engineer Józef Michałowski.

It was a fragmentation grenade with a P-42 friction primer and a 4.5 second delay time. Until the end of World War II, an estimate of 350,000 R-42 were produced in Polish underground factories. A large number of such grenades were used in the Warsaw Uprising and other battles of the Operation Tempest.

External sources

 * |Polish Armed Forces Museum's Movie about Polish hand grenades between 1930 and 1945

title: Sidolówka


text:
Talk:George Washington Masonic National Memorial

From Mark Tabbert Director of Collection of the GW Masoic Memorial: Mtabbert@gwmemorial.org
The Memorial is not a government recognized national memorial -- it is a Masonic National Memorial-- that is built by all the Freemasons in the United States. It is not listed on any national register. We are not funded by any government grants-- only private donations. The GW anamatronic "robot" was removed from display in August 2007. The various dioramas on GW life were removed from the first floor in Spring 2007. Send more questions to me please. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 173.8.5.105 (talk) 17:43, 5 September 2008 (UTC)
 * That's great, Mark. Too bad that this sort of information is not published in the Memorial's newsletter, Light.  Wikipedia can only include facts and claims for which there is a published, unbiased, third-party source.  Light is a great resource for facts about the Memorial, but it doesn't contain that level of detail. (Those dioramas are historic, pretty expensive when made, and pieces of art.  Were they destroyed or put in storage? Will they be returned to display? Without published information, even an eye-witness account such as yours is not acceptable on Wikipedia.) The GWNMMA promised a book about the Memorial's history in 2010, but that book has not yet been published. Too bad, because it would have been great to include citations to it here. - Tim1965 (talk) 17:46, 31 March 2011 (UTC)

Page deletion
Why delete this page? It's a US national monument.
 * Or a US national disgrace, depending upon how you like your democracy served. --Tagishsimon (talk)
 * I have no idea how old this comment is but I have to throw my two cents in here. Tagishsimon, your opinion does not concern a source of factual information. Keep it to yourself. There are plenty of anti-masonic boards and websites for you to spout your conspiracy theorist/religious bigotry on. This is not one of them. --Nsbendel (talk) 05:29, 30 July 2008 (UTC)

 * For the info of all users, I thought it was a user test and speedied it. Now everything is fixed :) Sarg 06:55, 31 May 2005 (UTC)

FYI, it is a private memorial, not a "National Monument" nor even formally a "National Memorial" -- not that there is anything wrong with that. — Eoghanacht  talk 17:15, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

National Register
Oddly, I could not find this building listed on the National Register of Historic Places. I wonder if there is a story behind that? There are a couple of other lodges in Virginia on the register. — Eoghanacht  talk 17:15, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

Animatronic Statue?
I believe this may be an error as the last time I was there it was just a bronze statue. Has anyone actually seen this animatronic statue? Do you have pictures or videos? I would like to see them. --Nsbendel (talk) 05:29, 30 July 2008 (UTC)
 * Trust me when I say that there is no animatronic anything at the Masonic Memorial. SchuminWeb (Talk) 18:20, 30 July 2008 (UTC)

There was indeed an animatronic statue. The temple was something of a kinky sideshow to go to in the early part of the 21st century. A link to a video of the statue: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oB7K4kOFTko The voiceover refers to the twelve dioramas in the central hall, but I recall the thing being on another level. Maybe they moved it, maybe they realized how creepy it was and took it out. It was hilarious. There is also a reference and picture of it on this blog (scroll all the way to the bottom--second to last entry): http://neonpoisoning.blogspot.com/2006_01_01_archive.html - Amy od (talk) 20:58, 21 June 2016 (UTC)Amy od

 * In order to include text about the animatronic, we'd need to find a neutral, reliable, published source that talks about it. Can anyone find such a cite? - Tim1965 (talk) 23:54, 22 June 2016 (UTC)

A clear video from one person (published), and a blog from another visitor (published) with pictures don't suffice? Hundreds of people have seen the animatronic. What's the big deal? I live three miles from the memorial. I will check it out myself. 72.209.228.147 (talk) 00:27, 23 June 2016 (UTC)Amy od

Removing cited content in the section "Early memorial efforts and Washington Memorial Park"
I undid the change by Warbard, which restored the edit of March 18, 2011. The March 18 text had been removed (by me, on March 31) for several reasons. The first is that much of the text from the March 18 version was uncited, but made challengeable claims. It should be removed under WP:CITE. Second, the lone citation in the March 18 version was to a self-interested Web site (not a neutral, unbiased, third-party published source, which it should be under the reliable sources guideline on sources as sources on themselves).

The version of April 1, 2011, removed all the cited text added on March 31. There was no justification to remove that text. There were no conflicting claims made by sources; even if there had been, the proper procedure is to discuss the conflicting claims in the article, and cite both claims. The March 31 version also contained much new information, and there was no reason for this to be removed. I must assume (AFG) that the sole reason for removing the text was to restore the claims about Fredericksburg Lodge No. 4's role in promoting the memorial. Those claims should be restored if and only if they can be properly cited (just as any claim should be included if it can be cited).

The version of April 1 does not properly cite these restored claims. First, regarding the claim about Fredericksburg Lodge initiating the memorial push in 1852, it merely substitutes one citation (Walker 2002) for two others (Lichtenstein and Brown) added on March 31. The Walker cite (assuming it is neutral and unbiased, which I will do here) should have been added, not the revisions and their citations removed. Second, the following claim about constructing the memorial in Fredericksburg is not cited. Third, the following sentence (which begins "This call for support would be documented...") is uncited. Fourth, the last sentence of the first paragraph of April 1 is cited by reference to an original document from 1790. This violates Wikipedia's guideline about use of primary sources. The Grand Lodge of Virginia's charter is interpreted in the April 1 revision, and that goes against the guideline. Fifth, the first sentence of the second paragraph is another citation to an original document, which also violates the guideline about using primary sources. (Furthermore, this document does not say that the suceeding Grand Master of Virginia was a member of Fredericksburg Lodge, does not say he was the first one to make the Grand Lodge of Virginia the sponsoring organization, and does not say he was supported by following Grand Masters. It does document that a call was made in 1908.) This claim was cited using neutral, unbiased, published sources in the revision of March 31 (which were unwarrantedly removed). Sixth, the next two sentences are uncited. Seventh, the third paragraph of the version of April 1 is uncited. (The version of March 31 contained much of this information, but cited it.)

My initial sense was that text from the March 31 version should be retained, with any cited text from the April 1 revision incorporated. But given the problems with the citations outlined above, I would conclude that only one such citation could be retained. Any further discussion about the sources and text is very welcome. - Tim1965 (talk) 15:20, 3 April 2011 (UTC)

Overall article
I'm not at all interested in freemasonry but this article looks fascinating. I've only had time so far to reads bits and pieces but it seems exceptionally thorough and well-written. Cheers to the responsible parties...I can't wait to read more. PurpleChez (talk) 22:56, 13 April 2011 (UTC)

 * Well, cool... think we could get it up to GA-class? SchuminWeb (Talk) 00:15, 14 April 2011 (UTC)

 * Ben, this means you have to trot on down to Alexandria and take photos of the much-renovated Memorial to replace your 2003 ones. - Tim1965 (talk) 01:30, 14 April 2011 (UTC)

 * What areas of the memorial were renovated? Last time I was in there was in 2006, and it looked the same as always.  Will gladly go back to take new photos if it's changed a lot, though.  SchuminWeb (Talk) 01:35, 14 April 2011 (UTC)

 * Never mind, I found it, after, like, reading the article associated with this talk page (what a concept, I know). Seems worth going back to see, but I don't know when just yet.  SchuminWeb (Talk) 03:52, 14 April 2011 (UTC)

 * I know they're still working on stuff. We held our annual meeting just four blocks from there in March. It's clear, though, that some things have not yet been upgraded or changed, but my sense was that the first four floors have been significantly upgraded. I might try to get there this weekend if I can... (Ugh, commitment!) - Tim1965 (talk) 13:03, 14 April 2011 (UTC)

File:Cryptic Room Mural.jpg Nominated for Deletion

 * This discussion is going to be a mess. This was originally nominated by me, closed as keep, and now it's been renominated by the individual who did the original close.  SchuminWeb (Talk) 02:33, 10 June 2011 (UTC)

 * If I had time, I'd go to the Library of Congress. I just don't (not this weekend of all weekends!). I'm afraid the discussion will close before the research can be done. This "rush to judgement" that's so common on Wikipedia these days doesn't allow for real-world jobs or lives. Volunteering gets harder and harder... - Tim1965 (talk) 14:11, 10 June 2011 (UTC)

 * I took the photo in question, so if it turns out that the photo is actually legit, we can re-upload and present our research. And yeah, near the LOC will be a mess in DC this weekend, because I believe it's Capital Pride weekend, no?  SchuminWeb (Talk) 16:24, 11 June 2011 (UTC)

 * But it turns out that the nominator withdrew the nomination. But we still should do the research anyway.  If/when you get a chance to do that research at the LOC, could you let me know?  I'd like to come along and see how it's done (I'm local, too).  SchuminWeb (Talk) 16:26, 11 June 2011 (UTC)
 * According to William Adrian Brown in his History of the George Washington Masonic National Memorial, 1922-1974: Half Century of Construction [1980] (a booklet which I just laid my hands on), the Cryptic Room was unfinished until 1947, when funds were finally donated to furnish that room. (Prior to that time, there was debate over whether any branch of Masonry should have a dedicated room in the Memorial.)  The room was finished by the end of 1949.  According to Copyright Office Circular 22, if the work was copyrighted or registered at that time, the copyright/registration had to be renewed in the 27th or 28th year (e.g., as early as 1974 or as late as 1977).  These dates should narrow things down a lot. (And yes, it's Pride weekend. Traffic and Metro are both a mess already!) - Tim1965 (talk) 18:35, 11 June 2011 (UTC)

File:Front View of George Washington Masonic National Memorial.jpg to appear as POTD soon
Hello! This is a note to let the editors of this article know that File:Front View of George Washington Masonic National Memorial.jpg will be appearing as picture of the day on October 27, 2013. You can view and edit the POTD blurb at Template:POTD/2013-10-27. If this article needs any attention or maintenance, it would be preferable if that could be done before its appearance on the Main Page. Thanks! — Crisco 1492 (talk) 01:09, 15 September 2013 (UTC)

George_Washington_Masonic_National_Memorial
Provided I'm not an English native speaker, I think there's something weird in the following sentence: "«The columns which form the portico, are in the first floor assembly hall and the second floor main hall, and on the first tier of the tower are Doric.»"

Specifically, it seems to me the first "are" (formatted in Italics as above) should better be removed: am I wrong?

--Filippof (talk) 13:41, 12 August 2014 (UTC)

Nixon never a Mason
Under the heading "1950s", it had claimed "The Royal Arch Room was dedicated on April 20, 1957, by Vice President of the United States Richard Nixon (himself a member of the Knights Templar)." Richard Nixon was never a Freemason, so he could not have been a member of the Knights Templar; that organization requiring not only being a Mason but also a member of the Masonic Appendant Body the York Rite. Occam's Shaver (talk) 07:43, 22 September 2014 (UTC)
 * Then you need to find a source that says "Nixon was never a Mason". Removing cited text violates WP:ORIGINAL. - Tim1965 (talk) 15:26, 22 September 2014 (UTC)
 * The onus isn't on me to prove a negative; it's on the editor who added the claim to demonstrate that it does indeed have legitimate sources. You're not new to WP; you already know that.  Posting one citation to a 60 year-old Washington Post article is not a high-quality source since most people have no access to the Washington Post archives to determine if it is being quoted accurately, or indeed, if it even says what the editor claims it does.  As Offline sources states: "Special care should be taken when using offline sources...Use of the quote= parameter within those citation templates provides some context for the reference. This is especially important when using the off-line source to support a fact that might be controversial or is likely to be challenged."  Nowhere in Nixon's Wiki does it state that he was a Mason, as opposed to the Wikis of Gerald Ford, Harry Truman and every other Masonic president; even presidents who only ever began the process of becoming a Mason, such as Lincoln and Johnson, mention this in their respective Wikis.  And there are a host of sites run by Masonic organizations that list all of the presidents who were Masons, such as the one run by the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania, or this one or this one.  And yet you expect one inaccessible, alleged newspaper statement from 60 years ago to trump all of that evidence to the contrary?  So again, I'm going to remove the claim as inaccurate.  If you revert it again, I'll apply for protection under WP:3RR which squarely puts the onus where it belongs: on editors who are attempting to support a controversial claim. Occam's Shaver (talk) 16:59, 22 September 2014 (UTC)
 * File for that edit-war right now. Go ahead. I'm using a published, reliable source that clearly makes the statement.  You are challenging that source as illegitimate. Onus is on you. I've solved the problem in the text, which you apparently could not. - Tim1965 (talk) 17:35, 22 September 2014 (UTC)
 * Tim1965 wrote "I've solved the problem in the text, which you apparently could not." WTF are you on about? All you've done is to remove the same text that I removed, while leaving the citation in place.  I never had any objection to the claim that Nixon dedicated the room.  My explicitly-stated objection was to the claim that he was a Knight Templar.  Try not to lose the plot.  You claimed "I'm using a published, reliable source that clearly makes the statement."  Makes which statement? -that Nixon dedicated the room, that Nixon was a Knight Templar, or both?  Are you now saying that you agree that he wasn't a Knight Templar?  If so, then obviously, reverting is no longer an issue.  And if the Washington Post article was indeed supplied by you, perhaps you could actually quote the relevant passage in the RefList since, as I've pointed out, being hidden behind a pay-wall it's largely inaccessible and thus, less reliable as a source. Occam's Shaver (talk) 20:31, 22 September 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
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Cost
There is simply no way that the cost of $600 million as listed in the infobox is correct, particularly when you consider that the source is a 1942 newspaper article. Adjusting for inflation, that would be the equivalent of over $9 BILLION today. By contrast, The Pentagon apparently only cost around $31 million.JCO312 (talk) 19:02, 7 March 2018 (UTC)
 * The infobox was vandalized. That's a common problem, and I see you corrected it. Thanks. - Tim1965 (talk) 14:10, 9 March 2018 (UTC)


text:
Steinn O. Thompson

Steinn Olafur Thompson (November 23, 1893 – August 19, 1972) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba as a Liberal-Progressive from 1945 to 1958.

Thompson was born in Winnipeg and grew up in Selkirk. He was educated at Wesley College and the Manitoba Medical College. He practised as a doctor in Riverton, Manitoba after serving overseas with the Canadian Army in World War I.

Thompson was first elected to the Manitoba legislature in the 1945 provincial election, defeating CCF candidate S.S. Johnson by 696 votes in the constituency of Gimli. He was returned by acclamation in the 1949 election, and was easily re-elected in the 1953 election. Thompson was a backbench supporter of Douglas Campbell's government during his time in the legislature. He was generally regarded as an undogmatic politician.

The Liberal-Progressives were defeated in the 1958 election, and Thompson lost his seat to George Johnson of the Progressive Conservative Party by 614 votes.

Thompson was of Icelandic background. After leaving politics, he wrote a work of local history entitled "Riverton and the Icelandic River Settlement". The work is over 400 pages long, and is available online.

He died at home in Riverton at the age of 78.

Thompson's eulogy was delivered by Philip Petursson, a Unitarian minister who served in the Manitoba assembly as a New Democrat.

title: Steinn O. Thompson


text:
Kabri, Israel

Kabri (כַּבְּרִי, also transliterated Cabri) is a kibbutz in northern Israel. Located in the Western Galilee about 4 km east of the Mediterranean seaside town of Nahariya, it falls under the jurisdiction of Mateh Asher Regional Council. In it had a population of.

The kibbutz is located on lands which used to belong to the depopulated Palestinian villages of Al-Kabri and al-Nahr.

Prehistory
The area of Kabri Springs was first settled 16,000 years ago, during the Neolithic period. Permanent structures appeared around the year 10000 BCE. Archaeological digs uncovered the remains of an ancient city. The city was built around the year 2500 BCE and its territory ranged over 32 ha, which were surrounded by dirt embankments 7 m high and 35 m thick, on which were built guard towers.

The ancient city that existed 1 km to the southwest is known to archaeologists as Tel Kabri, though its Canaanite name is not known. It was a city-state in the heart of which was placed by the palace of the ruling monarch. The two-story palace was decorated with colourful frescoes and ornaments in Minoan style. Residents of the city (their number is estimated at 5,000) earned their living through agriculture and international commerce. Leftover bits and pieces of merchandise whose origins lay in Egypt, Turkey and Crete were found in the ruins and graves during the excavations. The city was connected to a port on the coast, apparently under Achziv. The city-state was completely abandoned around the year 1600 BCE for unknown reasons.

Ancient history
After a few generations, the Phoenicians established next to the abandoned city a fortress town on 1.5 ha, in which were found the weapons and kitchen equipment of Greek mercenaries, as well as a scarce bowl, in which was prepared the colour purple, the Phoenicians' main export. That settlement survived from the 9th century BCE until the end of 7th century, at which time it was destroyed by the Babylonians.

Modern history
The Palestinian village of al-Kabri existed at the site from the post-Crusader period until 1949. In 1948 the Yehiam convoy was ambushed while passing the village. According to Israeli historian Benny Morris, a subsequent Haganah attack led to the flight of most of the villagers, and others were killed in what became known as the al-Kabri incident. The Haganah planned to "destroy and burn" Al-Kabri and neighbouring villages in western Galilee. Later, Al-Kabri was among the villages razed to ensure that its residents "could and would never return."

In 1949 a new kibbutz was founded on the site of the village by displaced members of the kibbutz Beit HaArava and young refugees from the Youth Aliyah. Beit HaArava was located along the Jordan River near Jericho, and had been evacuated during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, was subsequently destroyed by the invading Jordanian forces. Beit HaArava's children and noncombatant women members had been evacuated to the kibbutz Shefayim during the War of Independence. The members subsequently divided in 1949 into two groups. One became the founding member of Kabri and the other joined Gesher HaZiv, another kibbutz in the Western Galilee.

Shortly following the breakout of the Iron swords war, Kabri was evacuated due to its proximity to the Lebanese border, and both of the regional schools in the kibbutz were converted into military bases.

Geography
The kibbutz is situated near four natural springs, which provide water to it and the neighbouring moshavim of Ben Ami and Nativ HaShayara. There are also two archeological sites within its boundaries: Tel Kabri and a Byzantine well and mosaic floor. It commands a view of the Mediterranean and is within sight of the Lebanese border.

Economy
The kibbutz supports itself from a successful banana plantation and from the avocado groves where most of the archaeological excavation has taken place through the ongoing archaeological expedition at Tel Kabri. The kibbutz also runs a metal and wax casting factory (Cabiran), a plastics factory (Ri'on), a restaurant, a regional auditorium, and a vacation village.

Educational institutions
Two schools are located on the kibbutz grounds—the "Maayanot" regional elementary school and the "Manor-Kabri" regional high school, where children and youth of the kibbutz and nearby settlements receive their education. The high school particularly emphasizes education in the arts, offering majors (Grades 10–12) in music, visual arts, drama, and cinema/video. Owing to the educational programs offered in the performing arts and academic subjects from the state curriculum, it attracts pupils from all over the area. Former Knesset member and Kabri resident Daniel Rosolio taught at both schools.

There is also a childcare system for infants, toddlers, and kindergartners, and adult education with many cultural activities.

Notable people

 * Yardena Arazi, singer and entertainer
 * Avishai Cohen, jazz bassist, composer, singer and arranger
 * Elam Rotem, Early music expert, especially of the Jewish-Italian Baroque composer Salamone Rossi, attended High School here
 * Eival Gilady, general
 * Ori Reisman, painter
 * Daniel Rosolio, politician and member of the Knesset
 * Aviva Rabinovich-Vin (אביבה רבינוביץ'-וין), professor of botany, chief scientist at the Israel Nature and Parks Authority and an environmental activist, lived and was buried here

title: Kabri, Israel


text:
Texas Tycoons

The Texas Tycoons were a team of the American Basketball Association (ABA) and the World Basketball Association (WBA) based in Dallas. The team began play in the fall of 2004 based in Fort Worth. The Texas Tycoons played their 2007–08 season in DeSoto, Texas, at the DeSoto Recreation Center.

History
They finished the 2005 season with a 17–9 record, and finished 2nd place in the White Division. They lost in the first round of the playoffs to the Bellevue Blackhawks 101–94.

On December 1, 2005, the Tycoons announced that they were leaving the ABA. A press release noted concerns that the team had discussed with the ABA office, but that they did not wish to disclose publicly. The Tycoons left with a 3–0 record, ranking third in the ABA's Power Sixteen.

However, it was announced later on that the Tycoons would return to the ABA for the 2006–07 season, along with the Houston Havoc. The team also announced that they were moving from Fort Worth to Dallas.

They also became the first ABA team to own their own arena, purchasing a former ice skating rink. Plans for the arena are unclear after the franchise's departure from Fort Worth.

On February 6, 2007, it was announced that the team was playing in the World Basketball Association for the spring part of the season, while remaining in the ABA for the fall/winter part.

On March 27, 2007, the team defeated Beijing Aoshen 126–114 in the final four. Texas with a record of 25-5 led minor league basketball in scoring with 132 ppg and with the win advanced to the ABA Finals for the first time in franchise history.

On March 29, 2007, the team lost to the Vermont Frost Heaves in the ABA Final.

The team did not compete in the 2008-2009 ABA season and is presumed folded.

title: Texas Tycoons


text:
Atlanta Vision

The Atlanta Vision was an American Basketball Association (ABA) team based in Atlanta. The team began play in the fall of 2004. They finished the 2005 season with a 7–14 record, which was not good enough to make the playoffs. However, in the 2005–06 season, they finished 23–7, which was good enough for first place in the Barnes-Malone division over Tim Hardaway's Florida Pit Bulls. They also made it to the ABA's Great 8 tournament at the Blue Cross Arena in Rochester, New York, losing in the quarterfinals to the host team, the Rochester Razorsharks. The Vision won a divisional title in 2008.

In September 2008, Atlanta Vision owner Quentin Townsend was sued by former partners Carter Patterson and Brian Richey, alleging that Townsend defrauded them while purporting to pursue an affiliation with the NBA Development League. In November 2008, he was also charged with a criminal count of theft by deception. Later that month he reached a settlement on the civil charges. The team has not played since the 2008–09 season.

title: Atlanta Vision


text:
Hilbert's twenty-first problem

The twenty-first problem of the 23 Hilbert problems, from the celebrated list put forth in 1900 by David Hilbert, concerns the existence of a certain class of linear differential equations with specified singular points and monodromic group.

Statement
The original problem was stated as follows (English translation from 1902):

 * Proof of the existence of linear differential equations having a prescribed monodromic group

 * In the theory of linear differential equations with one independent variable z, I wish to indicate an important problem one which very likely Riemann himself may have had in mind. This problem is as follows: To show that there always exists a linear differential equation of the Fuchsian class, with given singular points and monodromic group. The problem requires the production of n functions of the variable z, regular throughout the complex z-plane except at the given singular points; at these points the functions may become infinite of only finite order, and when z describes circuits about these points the functions shall undergo the prescribed linear substitutions. The existence of such differential equations has been shown to be probable by counting the constants, but the rigorous proof has been obtained up to this time only in the particular case where the fundamental equations of the given substitutions have roots all of absolute magnitude unity. has given this proof, based upon Poincaré's theory of the Fuchsian zeta-functions. The theory of linear differential equations would evidently have a more finished appearance if the problem here sketched could be disposed of by some perfectly general method.

Definitions
In fact it is more appropriate to speak not about differential equations but about linear systems of differential equations: in order to realise any monodromy by a differential equation one has to admit, in general, the presence of additional apparent singularities, i.e. singularities with trivial local monodromy. In more modern language, the (systems of) differential equations in question are those defined in the complex plane, less a few points, and with a regular singularity at those. A more strict version of the problem requires these singularities to be Fuchsian, i.e. poles of first order (logarithmic poles), including at infinity. A monodromy group is prescribed, by means of a finite-dimensional complex representation of the fundamental group of the complement in the Riemann sphere of those points, plus the point at infinity, up to equivalence. The fundamental group is actually a free group, on 'circuits' going once round each missing point, starting and ending at a given base point. The question is whether the mapping from these Fuchsian equations to classes of representations is surjective.

History
This problem is more commonly called the Riemann–Hilbert problem. It led to several bijective correspondences known as 'Riemann–Hilbert correspondences', for flat algebraic connections with regular singularities and more generally regular holonomic D-modules or flat algebraic connections with regular singularities on principal G-bundles, in all dimensions. The history of proofs involving a single complex variable is complicated. Josip Plemelj published a solution in 1908. This work was for a long time accepted as a definitive solution; there was work of G. D. Birkhoff in 1913 also. wrote a monograph  summing up his work. A few years later the Soviet mathematician Yuliy S. Il'yashenko and others started raising doubts about Plemelj's work. In fact, Plemelj correctly proves that any monodromy group can be realised by a regular linear system which is Fuchsian at all but one of the singular points. Plemelj's claim that the system can be made Fuchsian at the last point as well is wrong, unless the monodromy is diagonalizable there. Indeed found a counterexample to Plemelj's statement. This is commonly viewed as providing a counterexample to the precise question Hilbert had in mind; Bolibrukh showed that for a given pole configuration certain monodromy groups can be realised by regular, but not by Fuchsian systems. (In 1990 he published the thorough study of the case of regular systems of size 3 exhibiting all situations when such counterexamples exists. In 1978 Dekkers had shown that for systems of size 2 Plemelj's claim is true. and independently  showed that for any size, an irreducible monodromy group can be realised by a Fuchsian system. The codimension of the variety of monodromy groups of regular systems of size $$n$$ with $$p+1$$ poles which cannot be realised by Fuchsian systems equals $$2(n-1)p$$ .) Parallel to this the Grothendieck school of algebraic geometry had become interested in questions of 'integrable connections on algebraic varieties', generalising the theory of linear differential equations on Riemann surfaces. Pierre Deligne proved a precise Riemann–Hilbert correspondence in this general context (a major point being to say what 'Fuchsian' means). With work by Helmut Röhrl, the case in one complex dimension was again covered.

title: Hilbert's twenty-first problem