text:
Talk:Adam Jerzy Czartoryski

Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov
What is the reason for that category?--Witkacy 23:00, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Rumors
Should "rumors" (that Czartoryski was the result of his mother's affair with a Russian ambassador, and that he himself was a lover of the Empress consort to Tsar Alexander I) be in the article's lead? I suggest that they be moved to appropriate places in the body of the article. Nihil novi 18:06, 20 October 2007 (UTC)

As to Adam Czartoryski's love affair with Louise of Baden, it has been confirmed by passages from Czartoryski's diary that had not been published in the 19th-century edition. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Ladauphine284 (talk • contribs) 16:22, 4 September 2008 (UTC)

 * I moved the rumour about Repnin to Early life section. The problem is that the two "rumours" aren't equivalent. Repnin left Poland two years before Adam Czartoryski was born, and there's no prove whatsoever that Repnin might be his father. There's only some malicious gossip. Izabela did have an affair with Repnin, but it was after Adam was born. On the other hand, Czartoryski's own romance with Louise of Baden is a fact, and is well described in his own memoirs, as well as those of others.--SylwiaS | talk 06:14, 14 December 2010 (UTC)

Copyvios
Some sentences taken from : This book is, according to the historian Marian Kamil Dziewanowski, indispensable to an understanding of the Prince's many activities conducted in France's capital following the ill-fated Polish November 1830 Uprising. Czartoryski wanted to find a place for Poland in the Europe of the time. Poland, in his concept, could have mediated the conflicts between Hungary and the Slavs, and between Hungary and Romania. Czartoryski's plan seemed achievable during the period of national revolutions in 1848-49 but foundered on lack of western support, on Hungarian intransigence toward the Czechs, Slovaks and Romanians, and on the rise of German nationalism.

Some of these sentences are also present in the Międzymorze article. Novickas (talk) 17:39, 1 June 2009 (UTC)
 * On which page of Central-European Case Studies does this text appear? Nihil novi (talk) 09:23, 2 June 2009 (UTC)
 * Pages 245-246. Novickas (talk) 13:59, 2 June 2009 (UTC)

Also on those pages: Czartoryski aspired above all to reconstitute — with French, British and Turkish support — a Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth federated with the Czechs, Slovaks, Hungarians, Romanians and all the South Slavs of the future Yugoslavia. Article: Above all, however, he aspired to reconstitute — with French, British and Turkish support — a Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth federated with the Czechs, Slovaks, Hungarians, Romanians and all the South Slavs of the future Yugoslavia. Novickas (talk) 14:03, 2 June 2009 (UTC)

 * Plagiarism does indeed appear to have been perpetrated—by Matylda Urjasz-Raczko, author of "Intermarium—History of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth or an Alternative for the Future? The Polish Perspective", in Central-European Case Studies, volume 2, Győr, Universitas-Győr Nonprofit Kft, 2008, ISSN 2060-0461, pp. 245–46. The sentences in question first appeared three years earlier, in the 06:15, 25 September 2005, edition of "Międzymorze" on the English-language Wikipedia.  Nihil novi (talk) 17:31, 2 June 2009 (UTC)

 * Astonishing, good catch. I was giving the author the benefit of the doubt, since its provenance looked so scholarly. No need to pursue further, then. Novickas (talk) 19:33, 2 June 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Adam Jerzy Czartoryski


text:
Miša Molk

Miša Molk (born 6 September 1954) is a Slovenian journalist and television personality. Her professional career has always been tied to the television business and RTV Slovenija.

Career
Born in Vrhnika, Molk graduated from the Ljubljana Faculty of Social Sciences. She is well known in Slovenia as a television presenter, producer, editor and journalist. She is also connected to the Eurovision Song Contest and is a member of the Reference Group in the European Broadcasting Union.

1976–1989

 * Writing for national newspapers and magazine RTV SLO
 * Youth Programme/weekly: presenter and author
 * Entertainment Programme: TV quiz about international history and culture
 * Eurovision Song Contest: commentator (1986, 1987 and 1989), Yugoslav spokesperson (1988)
 * Song festivals: presenter

1984–1989
Student Center of Ljubljana University
 * Manager of activities of students' interests, art courses, literary meetings, public tribunes about students' life and problems, organizing sport events, etc.

1989–1996
TV Slovenia
 * Producer and presenter in the Entertainment Department:

 * 1) Criss-Cross talk show, running 15 years
 * 2) It's true, very successful talk show about the intimate and emotional life of the celebrity guests
 * 3) Eurovision Song Contest, commentator (1990-1992, 1996-2000), Slovene spokesperson (1993 and 1995)
 * 4) Jazz and pop music festivals
 * 5) Writing in newspaper the agony columns; advice about life problems
 * 6) Co-producer of travel shows: about the culture, entertainment and tourism of a certain region.

1996–2004

 * Producer and presenter of the talk show It's true (till June 2003)
 * Head of Entertainment and Sports at RTV SLO
 * Public Broadcaster

2004–2008

 * Executive Project Manager
 * Ombudsman for viewers' and listeners' rights (May 2008)

Other activities

 * Writing columns in national newspapers about men-women relations, prejudices, education, habits, politics etc.
 * Presenting and producing national events on and off screen
 * Anchor of interview programs on national television and magazines
 * Member of EBU (European Broadcasting Union) Reference Group / making rules and decisions about preparation of the Eurovision Song Contest
 * Member of EBU Format Group
 * Vice president of EBU TV Bureau Light Entertainment Experts Group / developing new Entertainment formats and co productions
 * Member of Board of RTV SLO
 * Chairman of the jury awarding the annual biggest achievements on RTV SLO

Awards
Viktor six times (awarded by the Stop magazine), Kristalni globus twice (awarded by Nedeljski dnevnik magazine), Zlati ekran twice (awarded by 7D-Monitor magazine).

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Miša Molk


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Some say rhetorical device

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. CDC  (talk)  18:43, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Some say rhetorical device
Ignoring the fact that it should be at "Some say (rhetorical device)", that it doesn't describe its topic and that it violates Avoid self-references (all of which are fixable) this article says nothing weasel word doesn't already say. I question that the phrase "some say" should merit a separate article. Redirects are cheap and I prefer them to VfD, but redirecting this is clearly inappropriate. JRM · Talk 23:01, 2005 Jun 2 (UTC) delete. Interesting point about "OutFoxed" could be incorporated into the weasel word article. carmeld1 02:51, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Some say this article should be deleted. I'm one of 'em. -- BD2412 talk 02:44, 2005 Jun 3 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


title: User:Omnikron13


text:
Talk:Girl Crazy

Stage
Hey! Has anyone out there participated in a prodcution of this musical? Was it fun and funny? Did the crowds like it? I've not seen it, but it has two songs I really like (I've Got Rythm" and "Embraceable You") and I'm trying to track it down. Thanks for the input.

Any info about the year this musical originally came out?

It was remade a third time in 1965 as When the Boys Meet the Girls, a rock 'n' roll teen flick starring Connie Francis and Harve Presnell, with Herman's Hermits, Sam the Sham and the Pharaohs, Louis Armstrong(!) and Liberace(!!!), among others. Although it doesn't resemble the original very much, WTBMTG uses several of the Gerswhin songs and doesn't really do any more mayhem on the plot than the Garland/Rooney version or Crazy for You do. It was made by MGM, who still controlled the film rights after buying them for Judy and Mickey all those years before.

title: Talk:Girl Crazy


text:
Category talk:Theology

New cat?
Does anybody think we ought to have a new category for Christian theology, leaving this category a bit more general? KHM03 23:05, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Why not? by the way, can is agnostic theism part of theology? --Tsinoyboi 15:34, 26 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Like Category:Christian theology? Editor2020 (talk) 02:52, 6 October 2016 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Theology


text:
Talk:John Bonifaz

Untitled
Another biography: http://www.afterdowningstreet.org/modules.php?op=modload&name=Sections&file=index&req=viewarticle&artid=6&page=1 Kevin Baastalk: new 23:07, 2005 Jun 2 (UTC)

title: Talk:John Bonifaz


text:
Thomas Seens

Thomas Henry Seens (September 8, 1895 – November 26, 1989) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba as a Progressive Conservative from 1949 to 1953.

The son of G. H. Seens and Jane Whittington, Seens born in 1895 in Bradwardine, Manitoba. He was educated in Tarbolton, Manitoba and worked in Manitoba as a farmer. He served as a councillor for sixteen years, and was a reeve from 1940 to 1950. Seens was also a member of the Masonic Lodge No. 115 in Rivers, Manitoba. In 1916, he married Annie Mae Wood.

He was elected to the Manitoba legislature in the 1949 provincial election, defeating Liberal-Progressive candidate Matthew R. Sutherland by forty votes in the Lansdowne constituency. The Liberal-Progressives and Progressive Conservatives were part of a coalition government in Manitoba at the time of this election, although candidates from these parties campaigned against one another in certain constituencies.

In 1950, the Progressive Conservatives left the coalition government. Seens did not initially support this decision, but eventually decided to sit with the Progressive Conservative caucus in opposition. He lost to Sutherland by over 400 votes in the 1953 provincial election, and did not run for the legislature again. He died in 1989 in Brandon, Manitoba.

title: Thomas Seens


text:
Gino Strada

Gino Strada (21 April 1948 – 13 August 2021) was an Italian war surgeon, human rights activist, peace activist, and founder of Emergency, a recognized international non-governmental organization.

Early life and education
Gino Strada was born on 21 April 1948 in the Milanese suburb of Sesto San Giovanni. After attending the Giosuè Carducci lyceum, he studied medicine and trauma surgery at the University of Milan and graduated in 1978, specializing in emergency surgery. He then studied and trained as a heart-lung transplant surgeon in several major hospitals abroad, including the Stanford University and the University of Pittsburgh medical centers in the United States and the Groote Schuur Hospital in Cape Town, South Africa.

Career
Strada worked as a doctor at a hospital in Rho near Milan, and soon decided to focus on trauma surgery and the treatment of war victims. In 1988, he began to work as a surgeon with the International Committee of the Red Cross in various conflict zones, including Pakistan, Ethiopia, Peru, Afghanistan, Thailand, Djibouti, Somalia and Bosnia.

In 1994, along with his wife and a group of colleagues, Strada founded Emergency, a medical humanitarian organisation based in Milan. Since then, Emergency has treated millions of patients around the world. Strada's first project under the flag of Emergency was based in Rwanda during the Rwandan genocide in 1994, and he followed this up by launching projects in Iraq, Cambodia, Eritrea and Afghanistan.

Strada's main focus throughout his career was to help victims of war, including direct casualties of conflict and also those who, as a result of war, had no access to healthcare leaving them vulnerable to preventable diseases.

Afghanistan
The first Emergency hospital in Afghanistan was set up in 2000 in Kabul after the Taliban turned over a former Soviet-built kindergarten to the organization.

After the United States invasion of Afghanistan, Strada negotiated with the Taliban leader Mohammed Omar when NATO deemed it impossible to deal with the group, in order to operate a hospital behind their frontlines. Strada then opened a new maternity centre in Afghanistan in 2003, which became a reference point in the Panjshir Valley and the surrounding provinces. The centre was recognised by the Afghan ministry of health as a centre of specialisation for gynaecology, obstetrics, and paediatrics. By 2013 Emergency was operating four hospitals and 34 clinics, while the Red Cross had withdrawn 95% of its personnel from the country on the grounds that the war had ended. Since 2001 up to that moment, "NATO forces" had yet to build civilian hospitals in Afghanistan, Strada claimed.

Africa
In 2007, Strada opened the Salam Centre for Cardiac Surgery in the Sudanese capital of Khartoum, the first hospital in the region to offer free, high-quality cardiac surgery to patients who would have otherwise been unable to access treatment. Strada worked in the centre until 2014, and today it has treated patients from 30 different countries, both within Africa and further afield. The idea for the Salam Centre for Cardiac Surgery came from Strada's belief that the basis for the freedom and quality of human beings with regard to dignity and rights must also extend to the right to free treatment without discrimination: "If you think of medicine as a human right, then you cannot have some hospitals that offer sophisticated, very effective, hi-tech medicine", he says, "and then go to Africa and think, 'OK, here's a couple of vaccinations and a few shots'. Do we think that we human beings, we are all equal in rights and dignity, or not? We say, 'Yes, we are.'" – interview in The Observer, 2013.

This belief also meant that in 2009, Strada contributed to the creation of the ANME (African Network of Medical Excellence), with the aim of promoting the construction of Medical Centres of Excellence across Africa, based on the model of the Salam Centre for Cardiac Surgery. In 2017, construction began on the second centre to form part of the network, the Centre of Excellence in Paediatric Surgery in Entebbe, Uganda, based on a plan drawn up by Strada's friend, Renzo Piano.

Personal life
Strada had a heart condition, and had undergone a quadruple bypass operation after suffering a heart attack in Iraqi Kurdistan when he and his team came under fire from the forces of Saddam Hussein.

Strada was married to Teresa Sarti, who was co-founder with her husband of Emergency and president of the organization. Together, they have a daughter, Cecilia Strada (b.1979), a journalist. Shortly after Teresa's death in Milan on 1 September 2009, Cecilia was elected to take over as president of Emergency.

Strada married Simonetta Gola, Emergency's communications manager, in June 2021. On 13 August 2021, he died of a heart attack while on vacation in Rouen, France, at the age of 73.

Notable views

 * "If any human being is, in this precise moment, suffering, or ill, or hungry, that is something that should concern all of us because to ignore the suffering of a person is always an act of violence, one of the most cowardly."

Books

 * Gino Strada, Pappagalli verdi: cronache di un chirurgo di guerra, 2000, ISBN 88-07-17032-9.
 * Gino Strada, Buskashi. Viaggio dentro la guerra (A Journey inside war), 2003, ISBN 88-07-17069-8.
 * Gino Strada, Howard Zinn Green Parrots. A war surgeon's diary, 2004, ISBN 88-8158-524-3.
 * Gino Strada, Howard Zinn Just war, 2005, ISBN 88-8158-572-3.

Awards and honors

 * In 2001 Strada received the journalistic prize Golden Doves for Peace awarded by the Italian Research Institute Archivio Disarmo.
 * Asteroid 248908 Ginostrada, discovered by Italian amateur astronomer Vincenzo Casulli in 2006, was named in his honor. The official was published by the Minor Planet Center on 2 June 2015 (M.P.C. 94391).
 * In 2015 Strada was awarded the Right Livelihood Award
 * In 2016 Strada was named as a co-recipient along with Sakena Yacoobi of the Sunhak Peace Prize.

title: Gino Strada


text:
Wikipedia talk:Requests for adminship/CesarB

Thanks
I would like to thank everyone who voted for their support. --cesarb 23:08, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)


text: Category:Fictional bounty hunters

title: Category:Fictional bounty hunters


text: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Log/2005 June 3


text:
Wikipedia:Categories for deletion/Log/2005 June 3

Category:Ports and harbours of the United States

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the category above. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete --Kbdank71 14:15, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Brit spelling for U.S. topic. Moved all items into Category:Ports and harbors of the United States. jengod 23:01, Jun 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. -Hapsiainen 11:58, Jun 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Agreed. US spelling for US subjects, UK spelling for UK subjects. Grutness...  wha?  02:00, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. No-brainer. Sebastian (talk) 07:17, 2005 Jun 10 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any). No further edits should be made to this page.

Category:Tennessee Libraries

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the category above. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete --Kbdank71 14:14, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Created over a month ago; empty. -- Fingers-of-Pyrex 21:34, 2005 Jun 3 (UTC)
 * Comment Unfortunate that it is empty, however, it fits with the other listed categories in its section. Either all of them would have to be deleted or populated, as they all seem to be empty. I almost vote keep, but deletetion and listify the lot of them, would seem more logical.  <> Who ? ¿ ?  05:17, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm deleting all the empty ones. Because they are not only empty but also improperly capitalized (and named contrary to their parent), no discussion should be necessary.  Postdlf 04:49, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any). No further edits should be made to this page.

Category:Drama episodes of TVB

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the category above. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was no consensus (keep) --Kbdank71 14:17, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

This seems to contain television series, not episodes. It could probably just be merged into Category:Programmes of TVB. - SimonP 17:57, Jun 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep or rename as drama series of TVB. — Instantnood 11:54, Jun 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge per SimonP. Radiant_* 09:38, Jun 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: Not all programmes are drama series, or the other way round. Many of the series produced by TVB are sold to overseas markets as video cassettes or through cable channels, but not as common for the other programmes. — Instantnood 17:51, Jun 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * Raname as Drama series of TVB instead of Drama episodes of TVB to distinct between dramas and non-dramas. --Shinjiman ⇔ ♨ 02:34, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any). No further edits should be made to this page.

Category:Heresy

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the category above. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was no consensus (keep) --Kbdank71 14:20, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

An inherently POV category. It seems that people add there only articles which tell about heresies according to Catholocism. But there are also other branches of Christianity. Also the category looks crude in an article. We already have categories Category:Ancient Roman Christianity and Category:Christian history. Let's stick with them. -Hapsiainen 15:36, Jun 3, 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep The category is useful, and lists official heresies, which have always been referred to by historians as the "xxxx heresy" whether or not they are on the same side as the official church. The contents don't seem at all POV, they seem like the standard list of ancient church heresies used by most theology departments. The title is a bit unfortunate though, as it does appear to be POV if you don't note the contents of the category. I am not sure what it could be renamed to though, maybe "Ancient christian heresy"?     12:13, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * In church history both Catholicism and Orthodox church are heresies, because they declared one another such in the Great Schism. Such renders the category "heresy" useless. Heresy was also sticked into Sedevacantism, which is POV, even an insult. Wow, I'm waiting for when someone puts LDS into the category. And putting the label into Taborites hints that Unity of the Brethren is a heresy, too. "Taborites' theological thinking strongly influenced the foundation and rise of the Unity of the Brethren". Labeling Arianism as a heresy is an sting towards the Jehovah's Witnesses. You can't see the contents of the category from the category title, so the contents can't be an excuse for a crude category. -Hapsiainen 19:38, Jun 5, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as inherently POV. Some extreme religionists would want to add Harry Potter here, for instance. Radiant_* 07:32, Jun 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename as it stands it would probably fill very quickly with POV, as stated by Radiant. Rename to Category:Historic heretic accusations or something similiar Category:Accusations of Heresy ?   <> Who ? ¿ ?  05:21, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep and — it depends on how many religious groups have been labeled "heresy":
 * If most important denominations and factions have been declared heresy by some other factions at some time: Include existing categories like Category:Christian denominations as substubs and explain why.
 * Else: Create intermediate category Religious groups labeled as heresy at some time. Most people who read about any religion would find it offensive it if were categorized directly as heresy, regardless how you glorify the name, but they probably wouldn't object to this classification.
 * If it's too complicated or we don't care: Clarify in description that it does not contain denominations and factions. Sebastian (talk) 07:35, 2005 Jun 10 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any). No further edits should be made to this page.

Category:Dubious

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the category above. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete --Kbdank71 14:22, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I don't think this is necessary, since we already have Category:Wikipedia articles needing factual verification and Category:Accuracy disputes. Template:Dubious does not use this category; in fact, it's empty right now. -- Beland 00:41, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Template:Dubious used to use the category, so it was quite useful, but it was removed from it for some reason. It seems to be more for issues over single statements in an article than a large chunk of it such as the accuracy disputes category. I think it should be added back to the template, as I don't understand the reason given for removing it. 12:08, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * It was removed from dubious because of redundancy. Whether the template is useful is another matter, but it is useful to have all related disputes in one cat rather than two. So, delete. Radiant_* 07:33, Jun 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete both the category and the template, as they are both redundant. I feel that Category:Wikipedia articles needing factual verification, Category:Accuracy disputes , and Template:Accuracy already cover that ground. To keep and add another category would be not only confusing but especially redundant. Note, Template:Accuracy is not only more appealing, but eye catching, promotes conversation.   <> Who ? ¿ ?  05:26, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I'd agree with delete, but i actually prefer the name "dubious" because it's short. How much effort would it be to rename the existing category? Sebastian (talk) 07:38, 2005 Jun 10 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
File:God He Reigns.gif

Summary
God He Reigns album cover.

Licensing
Source: Hillsong Music Australia

title: File:God He Reigns.gif


text:
User:Gordonfan

I am Joseph

title: User:Gordonfan


text:
The Morning News

The Morning News may refer to:

Television

 * ITV Morning News, in the United Kingdom, former name of ITV News at 5:30
 * Morning News (Canadian morning TV show), in Canada
 * CBS Morning News, a half-hour daily television broadcast on the American TV network
 * KTLA Morning News, an American morning television news program airing on KTLA
 * WGN Morning News, an American morning television news program airing on WGN-TV

Print media

 * The Morning News (American newspaper), in Florence, South Carolina
 * The Morning News (Bangladeshi newspaper), in Dhaka, Bangladesh
 * Belfast Morning News
 * The Dallas Morning News
 * Savannah Morning News
 * The Morning News, a predecessor of The News Journal, a newspaper in Delaware

Other uses

 * The Morning News (online magazine)
 * "The Morning News" (song), a 2007 single by Chamillionaire

title: The Morning News


text:
EMD SW7

The EMD SW7 was a diesel switcher locomotive built by General Motors Electro-Motive Division between October 1949 and January 1951. It was powered by a 1200 hp12-567A engine. The SW7 replaced the earlier 1,000 horsepower NW2 switcher in EMD's catalog. A total of 489 SW7 locomotives were produced. The majority of the SW7s were built by EMD Plant #3 in Cleveland, Ohio. In addition, 15 TR4 cow-calf paired sets were produced.

SW7 production was discontinued in 1951 in favor of the new SW9.

title: EMD SW7


text:
MIM-72 Chaparral

The MIM-72A/M48 Chaparral is an American-made self-propelled surface-to-air missile system based on the AIM-9 Sidewinder air-to-air missile system. The launcher is based on the M113 family of vehicles. It entered service with the United States Army in 1969 and was phased out between 1990 and 1998. It was intended to be used along with the M163 VADS, the Vulcan ADS covering short-range short-time engagements, and the Chaparral for longer range use.

Mauler
Starting in 1959 the U.S. Army MICOM (Missile Command) began development of an ambitious anti-aircraft missile system under their "Forward Area Air Defense" (FAAD) program. Known as the MIM-46 Mauler, it was based on a modified M113 chassis carrying a large rotating A-frame rack on top with nine missiles and both long-range search and shorter-range tracking radars. Operation was to be almost entirely automatic, with the operators simply selecting targets from the search radar's display and then pressing "fire". The entire engagement would be handled by the fire control computer.

In testing, Mauler proved to have numerous problems. Many of these were relatively minor, including problems with the rocket motors or fins on the airframe. Others, like problems with the fire control and guidance systems, appeared to be more difficult to solve. Army strategy from the mid-1950s PENTANA study was based on having embedded mobile anti-aircraft capability, and Mauler's delays put this entire program in question. More worrying, a new generation of Soviet attack aircraft was coming into service. For both of these reasons the Mauler program was scaled back in 1963 and alternatives were studied.

IFAAD
MICOM was directed to study whether or not the Navy's AIM-9D Sidewinder missile could be adapted for the ground-to-air role. Since the Sidewinder was guided by an infrared seeker, it would not be confused by ground clutter like the radar-guided Mauler. On the downside, the missile required some time to "lock on", and the current generation seekers were only able to lock onto the tail of an aircraft. MICOM's report was cautiously optimistic, concluding that the Sidewinder could be adapted very quickly, although it would have limited capability.

A new concept, the "Interim Forward Area Air Defense" (IFAAD) evolved around the Sidewinder. The main concern was that at shorter distances the missile would not have time to lock onto the target before it flew out of range, so to serve this need a second vehicle based around the M61 Vulcan cannon was specified. Both would be aimed manually, eliminating the delay needed for a fire control system to develop a "solution". Neither vehicle concept had room for a search radar, so a separate radar system using datalink was developed for this role.

The studies were completed in 1965 and the Chaparral program was begun. The first XMIM-72A missiles were delivered to the US Army in 1967. Ford developed the M730 vehicle, adapted from the M548, itself one of the many versions of the widely used M113. The first Chaparral battalion was deployed in May 1969.

A small target-acquisition area radar, the AN/MPQ-49 Forward Area Alerting Radar (FAAR), was developed in 1966 to support the Chaparral/Vulcan system, although the FAAR is transported by the Gama Goat and thus not suitable for use in the front line.

Description
The complete system was known as the M48 Chaparral Intercept-Aerial Guided Missile System, composed of the M54 Launching Station atop the M730 carrier, a M113 variant. M730A1 had M113A2 improvements, while M730A2 was upgraded to M113A3 standard complete with diesel engine

The launcher was capable of a full 360 degrees traverse and +90/-9 degrees of elevation. Four missiles were carried on the launch rails, with eight extras stored below the launcher with their fins and wings removed. The gunner sat between the missile pairs on the mount, aiming using a simple reflex sight. An auxiliary power unit provides the necessary power to run the mount, and a cryonic air cooler provides the missile seekers with the necessary cooling. On early models the power unit was a two-cylinder 10 horsepower gasoline engine, though it was replaced with a more powerful 30 hp diesel engine in the early 1980s, greatly improving available power while simultaneously allowing fuel compatibility with the main engine.

In 1984, a FLIR unit was installed to give the system an all-weather/night capability.

The MIM-72A missile was based on the AIM-9D Sidewinder. The main difference is that to reduce drag only two of the fins on the MIM-72A have rollerons, the other two having been replaced by fixed thin fins. The MIM-72's MK 50 solid-fuel rocket motor was essentially identical to the MK 36 MOD 5 used in the AIM-9D Sidewinder.

MIM-72B was a training missile with the radar fuze replaced with an IR model for use against target drones.

1974 saw the introduction of the MIM-72C, used the advanced AN/DAW-1B seeker with all-aspect capability, as well as a new doppler radar fuze and M250 blast-frag warhead. The fuze and warhead were adapted from the earlier Mauler program. C models were deployed between 1976 and 1981, reaching operational status in 1978.

A naval version of the missile was also developed, based on the C version of the missile – the RIM-72C Sea Chaparral. This was not adopted by the U.S. Navy, however it was exported to Taiwan.

MIM-72D was built for export, combining the seeker of the "A" with the improved M250 warhead.

MIM-72E retrofitted "C" of the late 1970s using the M121 smokeless motor, which greatly reduced the smoke generated on firing, thus allowing easier follow-up shots and making it harder for enemy aircraft to find the launch site.

MIM-72F was an export model, and is virtually identical to the MIM-72E, just being newly built instead of retrofitted.

MIM-72G was the final upgrade to the system. The rosette scan seeker of the Stinger POST was adapted to the Chaparral by Ford in a program beginning in 1980. The improved AN/DAW-2 seeker offered a large field of view, as well as the ability to reject most flares and countermeasures. All existing missiles had been updated by the late 1980s and new-build G models followed between 1990 and 1991. By this point in time the system was already being removed from regular Army service, and being handed over to the National Guard.

MIM-72H refers to an export version of the MIM-72F

MIM-72J is an MIM-72G with a downgraded guidance and control section, and was also intended for export.

Two training missiles, the Trainer M30 and Trainer M33, were also built. Used for loading practice, these trainers used inert dummy components and could not be launched. For tracking practice, the Trainers could be fitted with tactical seekers. The M30 replicated the live "A" using the original Mk28 seeker head, while the M33 replicated "C" and later and was fitted with the AN/DAW series of seekers

Variants

 * MIM-72A Chaparral Original production missile.
 * MIM-72B Training missile.
 * MIM-72C Improved Chaparral. Featuring an improved AN/DAW-1 guidance section, M817 directional doppler fuze and a M250 blast-fragmentation warhead.
 * RIM-72C Sea Chaparral. Naval version - Evaluated but not deployed by the US Navy. Adopted by Taiwan.
 * MIM-72D Export version not used by the United States
 * MIM-72E MIM-72C missiles retrofitted with a new M121 smokeless motor.
 * MIM-72F Newly built export version of the MIM-72E
 * MIM-72G Fitted with a new AN/DAW-2 based on the seeker in the FIM-92 Stinger POST giving improved resistance to countermeasures. This was retrofitted to all Chaparral missiles during the late 1980s. New missiles were produced between 1990 and 1991.
 * MIM-72H Export model of MIM-72F.
 * MIM-72J A downgraded export model of MIM-72G.
 * M30 Inert training missile based on MIM-72A
 * M33 Inert training version of MIM-72C

Operators

 * 🇪🇬 - 50 M-48 Chaparral as for 2024
 * 🇲🇦 - 37 M-48 Chaparral as for 2024
 * Republic of China Marine Corps – built on M113 Chassis
 * Republic of China Navy – installed on Kang Ding class frigate, Newport-class tank landing ship, Wu Yi-class fleet oiler, and Pan Shi-class fast combat support ship
 * 🇹🇳 - 26 M-48 Chaparral as for 2024
 * 🇹🇳 - 26 M-48 Chaparral as for 2024

Former

 * - 28 units purchased in the 1980s. Phased out as of 2024.
 * - Performed the one single shootdown by the system worldwide, a single Syrian MiG-17 that was part of an attack sortie on Israeli ground forces at Golan heights in May 1974. Removed from service by 2003.
 * - 34 systems received (23 in the A3 version and 11 in the A2 version). Removed from service by 2018
 * 🇺🇸 - United States Army – All units removed from service by 1997.
 * 🇺🇸 - United States Army – All units removed from service by 1997.

General characteristics

 * Length: 2.90 m
 * Wingspan: 63.0 cm
 * Diameter: 127 mm
 * Launch weight: 	86 kg
 * Speed: Mach 1.5
 * Range: 180 m (Minimum arming distance) to 5 km
 * Altitude: 25 to 4000 m
 * Guidance:
 * MIM-72A: Mk 28 seeker, Passive infra-red tail chase only.
 * MIM-72C/E: AN/DAW-1B all-aspect
 * MIM-72G: AN/DAW-2 rosette scan
 * Motor :
 * MIM-72A/B/C/D/F: MK 50 solid-fuel rocket motor (12.2 kN) for 4.7 s
 * MIM-72E/G: M121 solid-fuel motor
 * Warhead:
 * MIM-72A: 12.2 kg MK 48 Continuous-rod warhead with 6.1 lb PBXN-1 explosive
 * MIM-72C and later: 25 lb M250 blast-frag warhead with 6.6 lb Octol explosive

title: MIM-72 Chaparral


text:
Relative deprivation

Relative deprivation is the lack of resources to sustain the diet, lifestyle, activities and amenities that an individual or group are accustomed to or that are widely encouraged or approved in the society to which they belong. Measuring relative deprivation allows an objective comparison between the situation of the individual or group compared to the rest of society. Relative deprivation may also emphasise the individual experience of discontent when being deprived of something to which one believes oneself to be entitled, however emphasizing the perspective of the individual makes objective measurement problematic.

It is a term used in social sciences to describe feelings or measures of economic, political, or social deprivation that are relative rather than absolute. The term is inextricably linked to the similar terms poverty and social exclusion. The concept of relative deprivation has important consequences for both behaviour and attitudes, including feelings of stress, political attitudes, and participation in collective action. It is relevant to researchers studying multiple fields in social sciences. The concept was first used systematically by the authors of The American Soldier who studied army units and found out that it is the perceived discrepancy between anticipation and attainment which results in feelings of relative deprivation.

Social scientists, particularly political scientists and sociologists, have cited relative deprivation, especially temporal relative deprivation, as a potential cause of social movements and deviance, leading in extreme situations to political violence such as rioting, terrorism, civil wars and other instances of social deviance such as crime. For example, some scholars of social movements explain their rise by citing grievances of people who feel deprived of what they perceive as values to which they are entitled. Similarly, individuals engage in deviant behaviours when their means do not match their goals.

In response to exploration of the concept of relative deprivation, the term "relative gratification" has emerged in social psychology to discuss the opposite phenomenon.

According to a June 2015 report by the IMF, the defining challenge of our time is widening income inequality. In advanced economies, the gap between the rich and poor is at its highest level in decades. Inequality trends have been more mixed in emerging markets and developing countries (EMDCs), with some countries experiencing declining inequality, but pervasive inequities in access to education, health care, and finance remain.

Theory
In one of the first formal definitions of the relative deprivation, Walter Runciman noted that there are four preconditions of relative deprivation (of object X by person A): Runciman distinguished between egoistic and fraternalistic relative deprivation. The former is caused by unfavorable social position when compared to other, better off members of a specific group (of which A is the member) and the latter, by unfavorable comparison to other, better off groups. Egoistic relative deprivation can be seen in the example of a worker who believes he should have been promoted faster and may lead that person to take actions intended to improve his position within the group; those actions are, however, unlikely to affect many people. Fraternalism can be seen in the example of racial discrimination and are much more likely to result in the creation and growth of large social movement, like the American Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s. Another example of fraternalistic relative deprivation is the envy that teenagers feel towards the wealthy characters who are portrayed in movies and on television as being "middle class" or "normal" despite wearing expensive clothes, driving expensive cars, and living in mansions. Fraternalistic group deprivation has also been linked to voting behaviours, particularly in the case of voting for the far-right.
 * Person A does not have X
 * Person A knows of other persons that have X
 * Person A wants to have X
 * Person A believes obtaining X is realistic

Deprivation Theory is that people who are deprived of things deemed valuable in society, money, justice, status or privilege, join social movements with the hope of redressing their grievances. That is a beginning point for looking at why people join social movements; however, it is even more important to look at relative deprivation theory, a belief that people join social movement based on their evaluations of what they think they should have, compared with what others have. On the contrary, absolute deprivation is people's actual negative condition; relative deprivation is what people think they should have relative to what others have, or even compared with their own past or perceived future. Improved conditions fuel human desires for even better conditions and so can spark revolutions.

Relativeness
Feelings of deprivation are relative, as they come from a comparison to social norms that are not absolute and usually differ from time and place. This differentiates relative deprivation from objective deprivation (also known as absolute deprivation or absolute poverty) - a condition that applies to all underprivileged people. This leads to an important conclusion: while the objective deprivation (poverty) in the world may change over time, relative deprivation will not, as long as social inequality persists and some humans are better off than others.

Consider the following examples: in 1905 cars were a luxury, hence an individual unable to afford one would not feel or be viewed as deprived. In 2010, when cars are common in most societies, an individual unable to afford one is much more likely to feel deprived. In another example, mobile phones are common today, and many people may feel that they deserve to have one. Fifty years ago, when there were no mobile phones, such a sentiment would not exist.

Relative deprivation may be temporal; that is, it can be experienced by people that experience expansion of rights or wealth, followed by stagnation or reversal of those gains. Such phenomena are also known as unfulfilled rising expectations.

In an example from the realm, the lack of the right to vote is more likely to be felt as a deprivation by people who had it once than by the people who never had the opportunity to vote.

Relative and absolute deprivation
Some scientists, for instance John Kenneth Galbraith, have argued that relative differences in economic wealth are more important than absolute deprivation, and that it is more significant in determining human quality of life. This debate has important consequences for social policy, particularly on whether poverty can be eliminated simply by raising total wealth or whether egalitarian measures are also needed.

A specific form of relative deprivation is relative poverty. A measure of relative poverty defines poverty as being below some relative poverty line, such as households who earn less than 20% of the median income.

Critique
Critique of this theory has pointed out that this theory fails to explain why some people who feel discontent fail to take action and join social movements. Counter-arguments include that some people are prone to conflict-avoidance, are short-term-oriented, and that imminent life difficulties may arise since there is no guarantee that life-improvement will result from social action.

title: Relative deprivation


text:
Talk:Adam Malkovich

Where was it said that Adam's death drove Samus to "forgo the military and become a bounty hunter", as the article states? I searched the game script and a transcript of the manual and didn't find anything. Then again, I was sorta skimming. Agent CH 03:15, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't remember hearing about this either. ~GMH ''talk to me 07:01, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

Categorization
I classified him as a fictional cyborg due to the fact that he is a human consciousness installed in a mechanical body (as chief AI of the gunship he is on). Perhaps a new category "Fictional AIs" should be used? CyberSkull 23:15, 2005 Jun 2 (UTC)

 * How about Category:Fictional computers? --Sparky the Seventh Chaos 01:44, Jun 5, 2005 (UTC)
 * Hmm, that should work. CyberSkull 04:43, 2005 Jun 5 (UTC)

nod to Being John Malkovitch
"His name seems to be a nod to John Malkovich, who starred as himself in Being John Malkovich, a movie wherein people could go inside his mind and control him as a puppet, thus learning what it would be like to be him." Sorry, I don't see it. This statement really needs a reference for it to stay in the article. Dread Lord C y b e r S k u l l ✎☠ 08:26, 28 February 2006 (UTC)

Malkovich. Malkovich. Malkovich.

title: Talk:Adam Malkovich


text:
Sauveur Marcoux

Sauveur Marcoux (May 2, 1893 – November 16, 1951) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba as a Liberal-Progressive from 1936 until the time of his death, and was a cabinet minister in the governments of John Bracken, Stuart Garson and Douglas Campbell.

The son of Leon Marcoux and Adeline Ferland, Marcoux was born in Lorette, Manitoba, was educated in Lorette and St. Boniface, and worked as a farmer. He served as reeve for the Rural Municipality of Taché and was an active member of l'Association des Canadiens-Français du Manitoba and in l'Association des Commissaires d'écoles Canadiens-Français du Manitoba. He was also a member of the Laurier Club and the Canadian Club. He was a Liberal by background, and became a member of the Liberal-Progressives following the merger of the two constituent parties. In 1920, Marcoux married Eloria Normandeau.

He was first elected to the Manitoba legislature in the 1936 provincial election, defeating Conservative candidate Joseph Hamelin by 830 votes in the La Verendrye constituency. He was appointed to Bracken's cabinet on September 27, 1936, as a minister without portfolio, representing the interests of Manitoba's francophone community.

Marcoux was re-elected in the 1941 provincial election, defeating a Social Credit candidate by 490 votes. He increased his majority in the 1945 election, and defeated independent candidate E.J.R. Arpin by 373 votes in the 1949 campaign.

After serving as a minister without portfolio for over twelve years (perhaps a Canadian record), Marcoux was promoted to Municipal Commissioner by Premier Douglas Campbell on December 14, 1948. He served in this portfolio until his death, in St. Boniface in November 1951.

title: Sauveur Marcoux


text:
Palm Haven, San Jose

Palm Haven is a historic residence park and neighborhood in the Willow Glen district of San Jose, California.

History
Established in 1913 on the edge of the city, Palm Haven was considered the quintessential "Residence Park".

Developers Eaton, Vestal, and Herschbach built Palm Haven with wide parkways planted with Mexican Fan Palms and Canary Island Date Palms at equal intervals. The entrances to the development were marked by large, Mission-Revival styled concrete pillars adorned with large urns, plants and electric lanterns.

A covered waiting station in the same Mission-Revival style was built on an island at the foot of the Palm Haven Avenue entrance for a Palm Haven stop on the Peninsular Railway.

The center of the neighborhood contains a plaza planted in a formal style creating sight lines and symmetry.

Common to Residence Parks, Palm Haven had a set of conditions, covenants and restrictions that controlled what was built, a minimum cost, property setbacks, and racial exclusions.

The neighborhood is largely intact today as its palm trees are now fully grown at approximately 100 feet tall. All the original trees from the 1913 planting are designated "Heritage Trees" by the City of San Jose and are the largest coordinated tree planting within city limits.

The neighborhood is a designated Historic Conservation Area in the City of San Jose.

Notable residents
Many important figures in local history with regional and even national impacts lived in Palm Haven including:
 * Lewis Dan Bohnett - Attorney and statesman who led the fight to stop the Southern Pacific Railroad from running straight through Willow Glen and Palm Haven. He succeeded in getting Willow Glen incorporated as a city and took the legal fight all the way to the U.S. Supreme Court and won.
 * Herman Krause - Celebrated area designer of premium residential and commercial installations in the San Jose area during the early 20th century.
 * Frank Delos Wolfe - Noted area architect lived in Palm Haven and designed many homes there along with hundreds in the San Jose and San Francisco Bay Area. Work spans late 19th century to 1925. Some innovations previously credited to Frank Lloyd Wright have been found to be firsts with Frank Delos Wolfe. Several structures are listed on the National Register of Historic Places as well as California & San Jose registers.

title: Palm Haven, San Jose


text:
User talk:Irscook

Welcome
Hi Ian: Welcome to your new identity. I agree that the Diego Maradona article does not have quite the right balance. I do not know enough about the subject to fix it and, as an English football fan I offer a dangerous combination of bias and ignorance.

It would have been easier for me to reply if you had signed your message on my page with ~, which gets converted to your signature and a time stamp when you save. If you want to use a signature like mine you can go to your preferences and enter '' Ian ]] [[User_talk:Irscook|(Talk) in the "Your nickname (for signatures)" box.

Do squeak if you have any questions. --Theo (Talk) 23:17, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Test

title: User talk:Irscook


text:
INSANE (software)

INSANE is a proprietary INteractive Streaming ANimation Engine developed at LucasArts, primarily by programmer/game designer Vincent Lee. Using custom video compression technology, it greatly compresses moving images so that high quality full-screen videos can be displayed even in hi-res graphics modes on the PC.

An early version was first developed for Star Wars: Rebel Assault, and was followed by a much enhanced version in Star Wars: Rebel Assault II: The Hidden Empire and then in Full Throttle, Outlaws, and The Dig. It was also used in the 1998 games Star Wars: Droid Works, Mysteries of the Sith, and Mortimer and The Riddles of the Medallion, and its compression technology was incorporated into Star Wars: Behind the Magic, Star Wars Episode I - Insider's Guide, and Jar Jar's Journey Adventure Book. The use for Full Throttle caused some problems since INSANE was intended to be photorealistic, contrasting to the general cartoony feeling. The rendered environment had to be scaled down to match to the rest of the game world. Later enhancements were made to the compression technology to optimize it for the cartoon style imagery used in Outlaws.

title: INSANE (software)


text:
Residence park

Residence Parks were residential developments that were built around the early 1900s in North America. Most were built prior to World War I and those that had not already sold most of their lots suffered considerable financial loss due to the dramatic downturn in real estate sales during the war. It is possible that this downturn discouraged any further creation of these developments after the war.

Characteristics
Residence Parks were characterized by their use of conditions, covenants and restrictions ("CC&R"s) in order to ensure that the neighborhood reflected certain styles of architecture and standards of development. The restrictions frequently extended to the exclusion of certain racial minorities as was common for the period and locale. They typically included enhanced public spaces that ranged from entrance "gateway" structures to landscaped boulevards and park areas to clubhouses.

The idea that you did not have to pack up and go to a park but actually live in one was part of the attraction. Therefore, considerable attention was paid to the layout of streets, their width, the parkways, sidewalks, lighting, and an overall landscape plan often designed by a respected landscape architect. These embellishments and standards of development came with a price and therefore Residence Parks were marketed primarily to affluent buyers.

Impact
Before World War I, cities in North America typically did not zone land for development or have planning guidelines that determined what could be built where and in what form. The early conditions, covenants, and restrictions of Residence Parks were likely the precursor to the standard use of zoning and planning rules in cities today.

The impact of Residence Park "living" was felt for years in real estate developments. Attaching the word "Park" to the end of the name of a residential development became very popular and resulted in distorting its original meaning. Developers and real estate agents started to use the term Residence Park to assign the same prestige for just about every development being built. These later developments typically had none of the elements of the original Residence Parks. They were simply coordinated tract developments with, at most, trees planted in the parkways.

In recent decades (1980s - 1990s - ) some planned residential developments take on some of the ideas of the original Residence Parks. They have formal entrances with structure(s) and landscaping announcing you are entering the tract. They often have a carefully planned street layout that tends toward winding curves. Some include clubhouses and/or a central park. But many of these features are often at the demands of the local city when approving the project and consequently take on a generic city-park appearance. And since the developments are typically created by large companies looking to maximize the return on their investment, they build the houses too. As a result, there are often rows and rows of houses with minor variations.

The original Residence Parks are markedly different in that the developer typically installed the streets, the utilities, and the public spaces. Then they sold the lots individually and would often require the lot owners to submit architectural plans for review prior to building. The subjective review was to maintain a certain aesthetic standard and/or style for the development. There were also requirements such as minimum cost of construction of a new home, maximum height, number of structures per lot, property uses and so on. This resulted in a much richer variety in the architecture and a more visually appealing streetscape.

Some Residence Parks still survive today and though most of the CC&Rs have expired, the streetscape and architecture has often survived to maintain the park-like atmosphere.

title: Residence park


text:
The First Church of Christ, Scientist

The First Church of Christ, Scientist is the administrative headquarters and mother church of the Church of Christ, Scientist, also known as the Christian Science church. Christian Science was founded in the 19th century in Lynn, Massachusetts, by Mary Baker Eddy with the publication of her book Science and Health (1875).

The First Church of Christ, Scientist, is located in the 13.5-acre Christian Science Plaza in Boston, Massachusetts. The center is owned by the church and contains the Original Mother Church (1894); Mother Church Extension (1906); Christian Science Publishing House (1934), which houses the Mary Baker Eddy Library; Reflection Hall (1971); Administration Building (1972); and Colonnade Building (1972). There is also a reflecting pool and fountain.

History
The Original Mother Church, designed by Franklin I. Welch, was completed in December 1894, eight years after the first Christian Science church, First Church of Christ, Scientist (Oconto, Wisconsin), was built by local women who felt they had been helped by the religion.

Although fairly large for the time, the original church, a Romanesque Revival stone structure, is often overlooked because it is dwarfed by the much larger domed Mother Church Extension. Designed to fit on a kite-shaped lot, the former features a 126-foot (38 m) steeple and an octagonal auditorium that seats 900. It is built of granite from New Hampshire, Mary Baker Eddy's home state.

Added in 1904–1906, the Mother Church Extension was originally designed by Charles Brigham, but was substantially modified by S. S. Beman, who took over construction in 1905 as a result of Brigham's illness. In particular, Beman minimized the Byzantine elements, bringing the domed structure in line with the Neoclassical style that Beman favored as most appropriate for Christian Science churches. It boasts one of the world's largest pipe organs, built in 1952 by the Aeolian-Skinner Company of Boston. The sanctuary, located on the second floor, seats around 3,000.

Christian Science Plaza
Designed in the 1960s by the firm I.M. Pei & Partners (Araldo Cossutta and I. M. Pei, design partners), the 13.5 acre Christian Science Plaza along Huntington Avenue includes a large administration building, a colonnade, a reflecting pool and fountain, and Reflection Hall (the former Sunday School building). The site is one of Boston's most recognizable sites and a popular tourist attraction.

The Mary Baker Eddy Library is housed on the site in an 11-story structure originally built for the Christian Science Publishing Society. Constructed between 1932 and 1934, the neoclassical-style building with its Mapparium, a walk-through inside-out globe of the world in 1934, has become an historic landmark in Boston's Back Bay. Restoration of the library's 81,000-square foot portion of the building began in 1998, and the final renovation and additional construction were completed in 2002.

Branch churches
The First Church of Christ, Scientist, also known as The Mother Church, has branch churches around the world. In accordance with the Manual of The Mother Church, the Mother Church is the only Christian Science church to use the definite article ("the") in its title. Branch churches are named "First Church of Christ, Scientist", "Second Church of Christ, Scientist", and so on, followed by the name of the city, in the order in which they were built in that city (for example, Seventeenth Church of Christ, Scientist, Chicago).

Carol Norton, a student of Eddy's, and a practitioner and teacher of Christian Science, described the relationship between the First Church of Christ, Scientist and its branch churches as similar to the relationship between the federal government of the United States and the individual states. In his short booklet entitled The Christian Science Movement, he states that branch churches are "congregational in government, and individual and independent in the conduct of their own affairs, yet all accept the Tenets of the Mother Church."

title: The First Church of Christ, Scientist


text:
Hatching

Hatching (hachure) is an artistic technique used to create tonal or shading effects by drawing (or painting or scribing) closely spaced parallel lines. When lines are placed at an angle to one another, it is called cross-hatching. Hatching is also sometimes used to encode colours in monochromatic representations of colour images, particularly in heraldry.

Hatching is especially important in essentially linear media, such as drawing, and many forms of printmaking, such as engraving, etching and woodcut. In Western art, hatching originated in the Middle Ages, and developed further into cross-hatching, especially in the old master prints of the fifteenth century. Master ES and Martin Schongauer in engraving and Erhard Reuwich and Michael Wolgemut in woodcut were pioneers of both techniques, and Albrecht Dürer in particular perfected the technique of crosshatching in both media.

Artists use the technique, varying the length, angle, closeness and other qualities of the lines, most commonly in drawing, linear painting and engraving.

Technique
The main concept is that the quantity, thickness and spacing of the lines will affect the brightness of the overall image and emphasize forms creating the illusion of volume. Hatching lines should always follow (i.e. wrap around) the form. By increasing quantity, thickness and closeness, a darker area will result.

An area of shading next to another area which has lines going in another direction is often used to create contrast.

Line work can be used to represent colors, typically by using the same type of hatch to represent particular tones. For example, red might be made up of lightly spaced lines, whereas green could be made of two layers of perpendicular dense lines, resulting in a realistic image.

Crosshatching is the technique of using line to shade and create value.

Variations
Linear hatching: Hatching in parallel lines. Normally the lines follow the direction of the described plane.

Crosshatching: Layers of hatching applied at different angles to create different textures and darker tones. At its simplest, a layer of linear hatching is laid over another layer at a 90° angle, to which further diagonal layers may be added. Other methods include layering arbitrary intersecting patches. Crosshatching in which layers intersect at slight angles can create a rippled moiré effect.

Contoured hatching: Hatching using curved lines to describe light and form of contours.

Representation of materials
In technical drawing, the section lining may indicate the material of a component part of an assembly. Many hatching patterns have been standardized by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and the International Standards Organization (ISO), though there are many other predefined patterns that may be used. Thus, the hatching pattern of steel varies from that of aluminum, copper, etc. The patterns are not only for metals. Patterns for grass, gravel, brick, and others are frequently found on architectural drawings.

title: Hatching


text:
Talk:J'accuse (disambiguation)

Nothing is said here that is not already in the Dreyfus affair article. I'm going to Be bold and redirect to there. Please reverse this if there is soemthing to be said for the phrase that's isn't or can't be covered in that article. --Doc (?) 23:22, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:J'accuse (letter) which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RM bot 23:31, 6 October 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:J'accuse (disambiguation)


text:
User talk:Ficustree34

Welcome
Hello , and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on Talk page. Again, welcome! Oh, and by the way, thank you for helping keep the Sandbox clean! You 23:22, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
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 * Editing tutorial
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 * How to write a great article
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Image Tagging Image:Vole NJ.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Vole NJ.jpg. I notice the image page currently doesn't specify who created the image, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created the image yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the image on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the image yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the image also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture then you can use GFDL to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the image qualifies as fair use, please read fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other images, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of image pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Admrboltz (T | C) 01:34, 19 January 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ficustree34


text: User talk:Dayv

title: User talk:Dayv


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/(rat)

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page, if it exists; or after the end of this archived section. The result of the debate was DELETE. jni 29 June 2005 07:16 (UTC)

(rat)
No vote tagged on June 2, but never linked to VfD page. --Nabla 02:05, 2005 Jun 22 (UTC)

found in orphaned pages, no hits in google for rat, (rat), or "Ben D. Cooper" + electronic music - suspected vanity. StopTheFiling 23:23, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)

Agree with above opinion; look at year of birth: 1986. CurdledMeowMix 21:54, 3 June 2005.
 * Delete, vanity --Kiand 14:58, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, unverifiable. mikka (t) 21:39, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, unimportant. No Clue 02:51, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - "Aspiring to the likes of" is code for "not notable" -- BD2412 talk 02:20, 2005 Jun 22 (UTC)
 * Delete Fails Google test badly. Denni ☯ 02:41, 2005 Jun 22 (UTC)
 * Delete as vanity. "Single voice polyphony" is an inherent contradiction. Jamyskis Whisper, Contribs 07:58, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity. JamesBurns 08:04, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity. hydnjo talk 00:58, 23 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * ''The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be placed on a related article talk page, if one exists; in an undeletion request, if it does not; or below this section.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/(rat)


text: Category:Fictional mercenaries

title: Category:Fictional mercenaries


text:
Opovo

Opovo (Опово; Ópáva) is a town and municipality located in the South Banat District of the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia. The town has a population of 4,546, while Opovo municipality has 10,475 inhabitants.

Name
In Serbian, the town is known as Opovo (Опово), in German as Opowa, in Hungarian as Ópáva, in Croatian as Opovo, in Romanian as Opovo, in Slovak as Opovo, and in Rusyn as Опово.

History
There are traces from Neolithic and Roman periods in this area. An older settlement named Želj existed at this locality during medieval Hungarian and later Ottoman administration. During Hungarian administration it was part of the Kovin county and during Ottoman administration part of the Temeşvar Eyalet. Southern part of modern Opovo is still called Želj by local inhabitants. According to historical sources, modern Opovo was mentioned first in 1672-1690 and it was populated by Serbs. They lived in the houses made from mud. During Ottoman administration, settlement had 27 houses and, after Habsburg conquest, in 1717, it had 64 houses.

During Habsburg administration, Opovo firstly was part of the Banat of Temeswar (until 1751) and then part of the Habsburg Military Frontier. In 1753, Opovo was recorded as ethnic Serb settlement. In the second half of the 18th century (in 1769), Germans and Hungarians settled in Opovo. Serb elementary school in Opovo was opened in 1768, while German school was opened around 1773-4. Construction plan from 1776 predicted that 225 Serb and 60 Catholic houses would be built in the settlement. In 1782, settlement had population of 1,497 people. In the first half of the 19th century (1829–1831), Serbian Orthodox church of Saint Nikolaj was built. In 1848-1849, Opovo was part of autonomous Serbian Vojvodina, but was returned under military administration in 1849. With the abolishment of Military Frontier in Banat (in 1873), Opovo was included into Torontál County, which was part of the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary and Austria-Hungary. In 1885, new elementary school was elevated in the settlement. In 1910, Serbs were in an absolute majority in Opovo, while other ethnic groups that lived in the settlement included Germans, Croats and Hungarians.

In 1918, following the collapse of Austria-Hungary, Opovo firstly became part of the Kingdom of Serbia and then part of the newly formed Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later renamed to Yugoslavia). In 1918-1919 it was part of the Banat, Bačka and Baranja region. From 1918 to 1922 Opovo was part of Veliki Bečkerek county, from 1922 to 1929 part of Belgrade oblast, and from 1929 to 1941 part of Danube Banovina. From 1941 to 1944, it was occupied by German Axis troops and was included in the German-administered Banat region, which was part of Serbia. In 1944, Soviet Red Army and Yugoslav partisans expelled Axis troops from the region and Opovo was included into Autonomous Province of Vojvodina within new socialist Yugoslavia. Since 1945, Vojvodina is part of the People's Republic of Serbia. Before World War II, Opovo was part of Kovačica municipality and, after the war, part of Pančevo municipality. Later, separate municipality of Opovo was formed.

Inhabited places
Opovo municipality includes the town of Opovo and the following villages:
 * Baranda
 * Sakule
 * Sefkerin

Opovo is the largest settlement in the municipality.

Demographics
According to the 2011 census, the total population of the municipality of Opovo was 10,440 inhabitants.

Ethnic groups
All settlements in the municipality have an ethnic Serb majority. The ethnic composition of the Opovo municipality:
 * Serbs (86.3%)
 * Croats (2.62%)
 * Yugoslavs (2.03%)
 * Roma (1.69%)
 * Romanians (1.67%)

Cultural projects
Wifi network greenlinks is non-profit wireless network originated in Opovo, member of Srbija Wireless.

title: Opovo


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Rahi

Rai may refer to:

Given name

 * Rahi (goddess), a regional form of Hindu goddess Radha
 * Rahi Chakraborty, a singer and songwriter from India
 * Rahi Masoom Raza, an Indian writer
 * Rahi Mo'ayyeri, an Iranian poet and musician
 * Rahi Rezvani, an Iranian photographer and director

Surname

 * Chander Singh Rahi, an Indian folk singer from Uttarakhand
 * Bechara Boutros al-Rahi, Maronite Patriarch of Antioch from 2011
 * Sultan Rahi, a Pakistani film actor
 * Yamila Diaz-Rahi, an Argentine supermodel

Other uses

 * The RAHI Foundation (Recovering and Healing from Incest), an Indian support organization
 * Rahi (film), a 1952 Hindi film by Khwaja Ahmad Abbas, based on a Mulk Raj Anand story
 * Rahi Badal Gaye, a 1985 Hindi film produced by Ravi Malhotra.
 * Hum Hain Rahi Pyar Ke, a 1993 Bollywood movie
 * Rahi (Lego), the animals and wildlife of Lego's fictional Bionicle franchise
 * Rahi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - a union council (sub-division) of Abbottabad District in the North West Frontier of Pakistan
 * Rahi, Raebareli, a village in Uttar Pradesh, India

title: Rahi


text:
Cities along the Silk Road

This articles lists cities located along the Silk Road. The Silk Road was a network of ancient trade routes which connected Europe with China, spanning from the Mediterranean Sea to the Korean Peninsula and Japan.

The Silk Road's eastern end is in present-day China, and its main western end is Antioch. The Silk Road started about the time of the Han dynasty, when Emperor Wu was ruling.

Along the terrestrial/land Silk Roads
Major cities, broadly from the eastern Mediterranean to South Asia, and arranged roughly west to east in each area by modern-day country

The Silk Roads across the Middle East and Western Asia
Turkey
 * Constantinople, ancient Byzantium, (now Istanbul)
 * Bursa
 * Beypazarı
 * Mudurnu
 * Taraklı
 * Konya
 * Adana
 * Antioch
 * İzmir
 * Trabzon

Azerbaijan

 * Baku huj
 * Shamakhi
 * Barda

Georgia

 * Tbilisi (Tiflis)
 * Batumi (Batoum)
 * Poti

Armenia
 * Yerevan

Lebanon

Syria Iraq Iran
 * Tyre
 * Aleppo
 * Tartus
 * Homs
 * Damascus
 * Palmyra
 * Raqqa
 * Dura Europos
 * Mosul
 * Erbil
 * Samarra
 * Fallujah
 * Baghdad
 * Ctesiphon
 * Baquba
 * Tabriz
 * Zanjan
 * Rasht
 * Kermanshah
 * Hamadan
 * Rey (or Ray in modern-day Tehran)
 * Hecatompylos (Damghan)
 * Sabzevar
 * Nishapur
 * Mashhad
 * Tus
 * Bam
 * Yazd
 * Qazvin
 * Qumis (Hekatompylos)

Central Asia
Turkmenistan
 * Nisa
 * Merv
 * Urgench [[Image:Urgench.jpg|thumb|Ruins of [[Muhammad II of Khwarezm|Muhammad II]]'s palace in Old Urgench.]]
 * Amul

Uzbekistan
 * Bukhara
 * Shahrisabz
 * Samarkand
 * Tashkent
 * Kokand (Fergana Valley)
 * Andijon (Fergana Valley)

Tajikistan
 * Khujand (Fergana Valley)
 * Istaravshan

Kazakhstan
 * Otrar
 * Ispidjab (or Sairum)
 * Taraz
 * Hazrat-e Turkestan View of the Mosque of Hazrat in the town of Turkestan.JPG in the town of Hazrat-e Turkestan. Built by Timur in the 1390s.]]
 * Almaty

Kyrgyzstan
 * Issyk kul
 * Tokmok
 * Bishkek
 * Osh

Southern Routes and South Asia
Afghanistan
 * Bactra (Balkh)
 * Herat
 * Alexandria Arachosia (Kandahar)
 * Bamyan
 * Kabul

Pakistan India
 * Purusapura
 * Pushkalavati
 * Takshashila
 * Multan
 * Banbhore/Barbarikon
 * Debal/Patala
 * Tamralipta (or Tamluk)
 * Leh
 * Jaisalmer
 * Mathura
 * Varanasi (or Benares)
 * Pataliputra

Nepal Bangladesh Bhutan
 * Kathmandu – see also Patan & Bhaktapur
 * Wari-Bateshwar
 * Pundranagara
 * Vikrampura
 * Somapura
 * Bhitargarh
 * Sonargaon
 * Chattagram/Chatgaon/Chittagong
 * Comilla/Mainamati/Samatata
 * Jahangir Nagar/Dhaka
 * Jakar
 * Paro

China: The northern route along the Taklamakan Desert

 * Kashgar (or Kashi) (Major City)
 * Liqian
 * Aksu
 * Kucha
 * Korla
 * Loulan
 * Karasahr (Yanqi)
 * Turpan (Turfan)
 * Jiaohe Ruins
 * Turpan Water Museum
 * Gaochang
 * the Bezeklik Thousand Buddha Caves
 * Chang'an
 * Kumul/Hami
 * Ürümqi
 * Yumen Pass (or Jade Gate or Pass of the Jade Gate) (city called Yumenguan or Hecang)
 * Anxi

China: The southern route along the Taklamakan Desert

 * Kashgar (or Kashi) (Major City)
 * Pishan
 * Khotan
 * Niya
 * Mingfeng
 * Endere
 * Charchan
 * Waxxari
 * Ruoqiang Town (Charklik)
 * Miran
 * Yangguan, or Yangguan Pass
 * Dunhuang
 * the Mogao Caves
 * Anxi

China: From Anxi/Dunhuang to Chang'an (Xi'an)

 * Dunhuang (Major City)
 * Jiayuguan
 * Jiuquan
 * Zhangye
 * Shandan
 * Liangzhou (Wuwei)
 * Tianzhu, Gansu
 * Lanzhou
 * Tianshui
 * Baoji
 * Chang'an (modern-day Xi'an)

Along the Indian Ocean trade routes
Pakistan
 * Debal
 * Barbarikon
 * Banbhore

China
 * Ningbo, China
 * Fuzhou, China
 * Quanzhou, China
 * Guangzhou, China

Bangladesh
 * Chittagong, Bangladesh

Sri Lanka
 * Colombo, Sri Lanka

India
 * Tamralipta, West Bengal, India
 * Poompuhar, Tamil Nadu, India
 * Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
 * Korkai, Tamil Nadu, India
 * Muziris, Kerala, India
 * Goa, India
 * Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
 * Cochin, Kerala, India
 * Masulipatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
 * Lothal, Gujarat, India

Ukraine

Sudak, Ukraine

Russia
 * Astrakhan, Russia
 * Derbent, Russia

Oman
 * Muscat, Oman

Yemen
 * Aden, Yemen

Somalia
 * Bosaso, Somalia

Egypt
 * Suez, Egypt

Turkey
 * Ayas, Turkey

Italy
 * Venice, Italy
 * Rome, Italy

In Southeast Asia

 * Kedah (Early history of Kedah)
 * Ligor
 * Bolinao, Pangasinan, Philippines
 * Malacca
 * Vijaya, Champa
 * Hanoi, Vietnam
 * Hoi An, Vietnam
 * Perlak, Indonesia

List of Ptolemy
This following list is attributed to Ptolemy. All city names are Ptolemy's, throughout all his works. Most of the names are included in Geographia.

Some of the cities provided by Ptolemy either: no longer exist today or have moved to different locations. Nevertheless, Ptolemy has provided an important historical reference for researchers.

(This list has been alphabetized.)

 * Africa
 * East Africa – Akhmim, Aromaton Emporion, Axum, Coloe, Dongola, Juba, Maji, Opone, Panopolis, Sarapion, Sennar.
 * North Africa – Caesarea, Carthage, Cyrene, Leptis Magna, Murzuk, Sijilmassa, Tamanrasset, Tingis.
 * Arabia – Cane, Eudaemon Arabia, Mocha, Mosylon, Sanaʽa, Zafār (Saphar), Saue.
 * Bangladesh – Sounagaora.
 * China – Cattigara, Chengdu, Kaifeng, Kitai, Kunming, Yarkand.
 * Europe – Aquileia, Athens, Augusta Treverorum (Trier), Gades (Cadiz), Ostia.
 * India – Argaru, Astakapra, Bacare, Balita, Barake, Byzantion, Colchi, Erannoboas, Horaia, Kalliena, Mandagora, Melizeigara, Muziris, korkai, Poompuhar, Naura, Nelcynda, Paethana (Paithan), Palaepatmae, Palaesimundu, Poduca, Semylla, Sopatma, Suppara (Nalasopara), Tagara, Tymdis.
 * Pakistan – Barbaricum, Peshawer, Taxilla
 * Persia – Alexandria Areion, Kandahar, Persepolis.
 * Persian Gulf – Apologos, Asabon, Charax, Gerrha (or Gerra), Ommana.
 * Red Sea – Adulis, Aualites, Berenica, Malao, ancient Berbera, Muza, Myos Hormos, Ocalis, Ptolemais Theron.
 * Southeast Asia – Kattigara (Oc Eo), Thaton, Trang.
 * Unknown – Ecbatana (located in either modern Iran or Syria), Jiaohei.

title: Cities along the Silk Road


text:
User:Dmanning

Hello!

WorkPages
User:Dmanning/TODO

Edits
1) 21:45, 12 October 2004 Joseph Beuys (7000 oaks added) 500)20:36, 12 February 2007 Jyothika Saravanan (The site alleges to be her official site, the other page is a fan site. Do not replace)

title: User:Dmanning


text:
History of information technology auditing

Information Technology Auditing (IT auditing) began as Electronic Data Process (EDP) Auditing and developed largely as a result of the rise in technology in accounting systems, the need for IT control, and the impact of computers on the ability to perform attestation services. The last few years have been an exciting time in the world of IT auditing as a result of the accounting scandals and increased regulation. IT auditing has had a relatively short yet rich history when compared to auditing as a whole and remains an ever-changing field.

The introduction of computer technology into accounting systems changed the way data was stored, retrieved and controlled. It is believed that the first use of a computerized accounting system was at General Electric in 1954. During the time period of 1954 to the mid-1960s, the auditing profession was still auditing around the computer. At this time only mainframe computers were used and few people had the skills and abilities to program computers. This began to change in the mid-1960s with the introduction of new, smaller and less expensive machines. This increased the use of computers in businesses and with it came the need for auditors to become familiar with EDP concepts in business. Along with the increase in computer use, came the rise of different types of accounting systems. The industry soon realized that they needed to develop their own software and the first of the generalized audit software (GAS) was developed. In 1968, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) had the Big Eight (now the Big Four) accounting firms participate in the development of EDP auditing. The result of this was the release of Auditing & EDP. The book included how to document EDP audits and examples of how to process internal control reviews.

Around this time EDP auditors formed the Electronic Data Processing Auditors Association (EDPAA). The goal of the association was to produce guidelines, procedures and standards for EDP audits. In 1977, the first edition of Control Objectives was published. This publication is now known as Control Objectives for Information and related Technology (CobiT). CobiT is the set of generally accepted IT control objectives for IT auditors. In 1994, EDPAA changed its name to Information Systems Audit and Control Association (ISACA). The period from the late 1960s through today has seen rapid changes in technology from the microcomputer and networking to the internet and with these changes came some major events that change IT auditing forever.

The formation and rise in popularity of the Internet and E-commerce have had significant influences on the growth of IT audit. The Internet influences the lives of most of the world and is a place of increased business, entertainment and crime. IT auditing helps organizations and individuals on the Internet find security while helping commerce and communications to flourish.

Major events
There are five major events in U.S. history which have had significant impact on the growth of IT auditing. These are the Equity Funding scandal, the development of the Internet and E-commerce, the 1998 IT failure at AT&T Corporation, the Enron and Arthur Andersen LLP scandal, and the September 11, 2001 Attacks.

These events have not only heightened the need for more reliable, accurate, and secure systems but have brought a much needed focus to the importance of the accounting profession. Accountants certify the accuracy of public company financial statements and add confidence to financial markets. The heightened focus on the industry has brought improved control and higher standards for all working in accounting, especially those involved in IT auditing.

Equity Funding Corporation of America
The first known case of misuse of information technology occurred at Equity Funding Corporation of America. Beginning in 1964 and continuing on until 1973, managers for the company booked false insurance policies to show greater profits, thus boosting the price of the capital stock of the company. If it wasn't for a whistle blower, the fraud may have never been caught. After the fraud was discovered, it took the auditing firm Touche Ross two years to confirm that the insurance policies were not real. This was one of the first cases where auditors had to audit through the computer rather than around the computer.

AT&T
In 1998 AT&T suffered an IT failure that impacted worldwide commerce and communication. A major switch failed due to software and procedural errors and left many credit card users unable to access funds for upwards this brought to the forefront our reliance in IT services and reminds us of the need for assurance in our computer systems.

Enron and Arthur Andersen
The Enron and Arthur Andersen LLP scandal led to the demise of a foremost Accounting firm, an investor loss of more than 60 billion dollars and the largest bankruptcy in U.S. history. Although found guilty of obstruction of justice for their role in the collapse of the energy giant in the US District Court for the Southern District of Texas (and affirmed by the 5th Circuit in 2004), the conviction was overturned by the US Supreme Court in Arthur Andersen LLP v. United States. This scandal had a significant impact on the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and was a major self-regulation violation.


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Ain Shams University

Ain Shams University (جامعة عين شمس) is a public university located in Cairo, Egypt. Founded in 1950, the university provides education at the undergraduate, graduate and post-graduate levels.

History
Ain Shams University was founded in July 1950, the third-oldest non-sectarian native public Egyptian university (ancient Islamic universities such as Al-Azhar and private institutions such as the American University in Cairo are older), under the name of Ibrahim Pasha's University. Its site used to be a former royal palace, called the Zafarana Palace. The two earlier universities of this kind are Cairo University (Fuad I university formerly) and Alexandria University (Farouk I university formerly). When it was first established, Ain Shams University had a number of faculties and academic institutes, which were later developed into a university. The university's academic structure includes 21 faculties, and 1 high institutes plus 12 centers and special units.

Faculties and institutes
Currently, Ain Shams University offers degrees from 21 different faculties: • Faculty of Medicine

• Faculty of Science

• Faculty of Pharmacy

• Faculty of Computer and Information Sciences

• Faculty of Dentistry

• Faculty of Engineering

• Faculty of Business

• Faculty of Al-Alsun

• Faculty of Education

• Faculty of Law

• Faculty of Agriculture

• Faculty of Specific Education

• Faculty of Women

• Faculty of Arts

• Faculty of Nursing

• Faculty of Postgraduate Childhood Studies

• Faculty of Graduate Studies and Environment Research

• Faculty of Archaeology

• Arid Land Agricultural Research Institute

• Faculty of Veterinary Medicine

• Faculty of Media and Mass Communication

Campuses
Ain Shams University has eight campuses. Two of them are next to each other, separated by a main road named El-Khalifa El-Maamoun; all of them are in Greater Cairo.

The main campus is in Abbassia, Cairo and houses the Administration and Management at the Saffron Palace, Science Education Development Center, Central Library, Child Hood Center and the University City (students hostel), in addition to the faculties of Computer Science, Science, Law and Art. The opposite Campus houses the faculty of Commerce, Alsun, pharmaceutical Science and Dentistry.

The Women's College has its own campus. Faculty of Specific Education, Faculty of Education, and Faculty of Agriculture are each on separate campuses in Abassia, Heliopolis, and Shubra El Kheima, respectively.

Filming
In 2012, Misr International films was producing a television series based on the novel Zaat by Sonallah Ibrahim. Filming of scenes set at Ain Shams University was scheduled to occur that year, but Muslim Brotherhood student members and some teachers at the school protested, stating that the 1970s era clothing worn by the actresses was indecent and would not allow filming unless the clothing was changed. Gaby Khoury, the head of the film company, stated that engineering department head Sherif Hammad "insisted that the filming should stop and that we would be reimbursed ... explaining that he was not able to guarantee the protection of the materials or the artists."

Rankings
Ain Shams University is considered among the universities that are present in all international classifications, which makes it one of the best 3% of the world’s universities.

Notable faculty

 * Mervat Seif el-Din (born 1954), classical archaeologist and former director of the Graeco-Roman Museum
 * Abd El Aziz Muhammad Hegazi (1923–2014), Prime Minister of Egypt during the presidency of Anwar Sadat
 * Abdel Rahman Badawi (1917–2002), professor of philosophy and poet
 * Aisha Abd al-Rahman (1913–1998), Egyptian author and professor of literature (pen name: Bint al-Shati)

Notable alumni

 * Rashad al-Alimi (born 1954), Chairman of the Presidential Leadership Council of Yemen
 * Hani Azer (born 1948), civil engineer
 * Jamal Badawi, preacher and speaker on Islam
 * Farouk El-Baz (born 1938), space scientist
 * Charles Butterworth (born 1938), American philosopher
 * Farouk al-Fishawy (1952–2019), actor
 * Mauro Hamza (born 1965 or 1966), fencing coach
 * Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu (born 1943), Turkish academic, politician and diplomat
 * Sherif Ismail (born 1955), Prime minister of Egypt
 * Fathulla Jameel (1942–2012), Minister of Foreign Affairs of Maldives
 * Rashad Khalifa (born 1935), biochemist, Founder of the United Submitters International
 * Emire Khidayer (born 1971), diplomat, entrepreneur and writer
 * Abdel Latif Moubarak (born 1964), poet
 * Ebrahim Nafae (1934–2018), journalist and newspaper editor
 * Fathy El Shazly (born 1943), Ambassador of Egypt to Saudi Arabia and Turkey
 * Sameh Shoukry (born 1952), Ambassador of Egypt to the United States
 * Ammar El Sherei (1948–2012), Egyptian composer
 * Taha El Sherif Ben Amer, Minister of Transport of Libya
 * Fatima Naoot (born 1964), poet and translator
 * Omar Touray (born 1965), Gambian diplomat
 * Kenan Yaghi, Finance Minister of Syria
 * Ahmed Zulfikar (1952–2010), entrepreneur

title: Ain Shams University


text:
User:Silversmith/On Silversmith

 '''This page is a negativity free zone. Any nastiness will be removed hastily!'''

Hewwo.
'''This page is to let you know a little bit more about me. What I like, what I don't like etc. Feel free to make any comments on the talk page. Don't forget that any nastiness could be removed though!'''

My Skills
Here are some of the things I've studied etc. which I'm proficient/good at, in no particular order.

 * Drawing.
 * Painting in Oil, watercolour, gouache.
 * Leadlighting.
 * Silversmithing.
 * Ceramics.
 * Bookbinding.

Hobbies and interests
Some things I like doing, and some things I've done a bit of which I'd love to do more of.

 * Writing, fiction and poetry.
 * Horseback riding.
 * Rock-climbing.
 * Travelling.
 * Sailing.
 * Carpentry.
 * Modelling.
 * Playing the Sax (Alto).

Goals
Some things I've never done, which I've always wanted to do.

 * Scuba diving.
 * Skydiving.
 * Hang-gliding.
 * Skiing.
 * Play the violin.

Political Compass Test:
My political compass.

 * Economic Left/Right: -5.75
 * Social Libertarian/Authoritarian: -6.51

This means I'm way to the Left/Communist, and way to the south, Libertarian/Anarchist. According to the test that puts me in the same spot as the Dalai Lama, and about as far from George W. Bush as you can get. But don't worry, I avoid political articles anyway.

title: User:Silversmith/On Silversmith


text: Category:Romanian cheeses

title: Category:Romanian cheeses


text:
Esmeraldas, Ecuador

Esmeraldas is a coastal city in northwestern Ecuador. It is the seat of the Esmeraldas Canton and capital of the Esmeraldas Province. It has an international sea port and a small airport (IATA location identifier: ESM). Esmeraldas is the major seaport of northwestern Ecuador, and it lies on the Pacific coast at the mouth of the Esmeraldas River. It is the antipodes of Padang, Indonesia. The city is the principal trading hub for the region's agricultural and lumber resources, and is the terminus of the 313-mile (504-km) Trans-Ecuadorian Pipeline from the oil fields in northeastern Ecuador.

Esmeraldas is well known around Latin America given the large number of locals that have historically played in the Ecuador national football team. The main activities of the city are commerce, industry and agriculture. It has beaches with landscapes and a warm climate, which make it one of the most visited tourist destinations in the area.

On 19 December 2016, a 5.8 Richter scale earthquake shook the city of Esmeraldas.

Economy
The port of Esmeraldas is economically important for the northern part of Ecuador, and the port of Balao is an important oil processing facility. Here wood and wood chips are mainly exported; bananas and other agricultural products are also exported.

Agriculture and livestock
The soil allows the production of rice, maize, African Palm, albacá/albahaca and a variety of tropical fruits. Among the main forest species are: chanul, raft, laurel, sande, guayacán, and tangaré. Cattle and pig rearing are also important. The fishing industry is also an important economic indicator of the region, and includes species like corvina, snapper, lisa and tuna.

Industry
Industry in Esmeraldas consists of manufacturing, timber, chemicals and oil. Concerns exist about forest management and deforestation in the Chaco rainforest.

The trans-Andean pipeline was completed in August 1972, connecting the Oriente reserves to refining facilities in Esmeraldas, and the oil industry is the largest employer. In 1987, the refinery was expanded for the first time to 90000 oilbbl/d. The second expansion, to 110000 oilbbl, occurred in 1995. The plant is currently running at 80 percent capacity with hopes to return to full capacity by 2014. The petrol produced there is used for mixtures because of its high aromaticity.

Climate
Like most of the Ecuador coast, Esmeraldas has a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen BSh) with a wet season from January to April, a dry season from May to December, and consistently very warm to hot and cloudy weather due to fog from the Humboldt Current.

Tourism
Tourist attractions include beaches, virgin forests, the culture of the indigenous Cayapas people, marimba and Afro-Ecuadorian music and the La Tolita archaeological zone. Other attractions include Atacames, famous for the "crazy coconut" (coco-loco, traditional drink made with coconut water) and its handicrafts in black and red coral. Same, an area of large palms and serene blue waters; Muisne, with pristine beaches of warm sand inhabited by red crabs in a tropical atmosphere; Quinindé, with vast African palm trees and guadúa houses; and Tonsupa, famous for its sunsets.

The U.S. State Department advises not to travel to the northern border region of Ecuador, including the northern part of Esmeraldas, due to crime.

Infrastructure
The main road runs along the coast by joining La Tola, Lagarto, Montalvo, Rocafuerte, Río Verde, Camarones, Tachina y San Mateo. Other routes are: Esmeraldas - Atacames - Súa - La Unión - Muisne - Esmeraldas - Quinindé (Rosa Zarate) that lead to Santo Domingo and Quito. The Quito - San Lorenzo rail network is still in use.

The Carlos Concha Torres International Airport has offered both national and international services to Cali, Colombia.

Notable people

 * Pervis Estupiñán (born 1998), footballer for Brighton & Hove Albion
 * Darwin Rivas (born 1990), footballer
 * Enner Valencia (born 1989), footballer who currently plays for Fenerbahçe and captains the Ecuador national team.
 * Gustavo Vallecilla (born 1999), footballer for Columbus Crew, on loan from Colorado Rapids.

title: Esmeraldas, Ecuador


text:
Talk:Canadien Professional Hockey League

Moving Canadien Professional Hockey League to Canadian Professional Hockey League and fixing spelling --Doc (?) 23:32, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Sorry not moving - it already exists - simply redirecting --Doc (?) 23:34, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)


text:
Princeton High School

Princeton High School may refer to:

 * Princeton High School (Illinois), Princeton, Illinois
 * Princeton Community High School, Princeton, Indiana
 * Princeton High School (Minnesota), Princeton, Minnesota
 * Princeton Junior-Senior High School, Princeton, Missouri
 * Princeton High School (North Carolina), Princeton, North Carolina
 * Princeton High School (New Jersey), Princeton, New Jersey
 * Princeton High School (Sharonville, Ohio)
 * Princeton High School (Texas), Princeton, Texas
 * Princeton High School (West Virginia), Princeton, West Virginia
 * Princeton High School (Wisconsin), Princeton, Wisconsin

title: Princeton High School


text: Talk:Princeton High School

title: Talk:Princeton High School


text:
Talk:Hubert Selby Jr.: It/ll Be Better Tomorrow/Archive 1

Untitled
Is that a t/po? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Wetman (talk • contribs) 23:33, 2 June 2005 (UTC)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Troll metal

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. – ugen64 02:04, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Troll Metal
"Troll Metal" is not a valid category of Heavy Metal music. The information currently present on the page is insufficient to provide enough motive to identify "Troll Metal" as a genre. The only band mentioned that consistently deals with "troll themes" is Finntroll (most of the page's content consists of information on Finntroll), and one band cannot warrant its own genre. The other bands listed, for example Ancient, have sparse relation to "troll themes" in their works (in Ancient's case, only one EP is vaguely described as "dealing with troll themes"), rendering the "genre" completely insubstantial. This article should be deleted. OnwardToGolgotha 23:35, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete, neologism. --bainer (talk) 00:46, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: I have to admit, this article is remarkably funny in its absurdity:

"Finntroll's album covers represent trolls with very different physical appearances. One looks strong and tall and is green, one other is more elfic, his skin is gray-blue and he has pointy nose and ears, one other looks like a dwarf and others are smaller, strong, green, with big noses and pointy-hairy ears.

Troll metal is often related to forest metal, since trolls live in forests and we can hear sounds of the forest in various songs."

It must have been written either by someone really inept or, ironically a troll who probably won a bet with his buddies as to how long it would remain undetected. OnwardToGolgotha 06:06, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete imaginary music genres —Wahoofive (talk) 23:45, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This is neither a vote to keep nor delete, simply an observation - alas, despite the ridiculousness of the genre, it's not imaginary. I can't voice for all the bands, but Mortiis and Arckanum are quite regrettably real. And yes, they do in fact dress up like trolls for performances.
 * Keep The article needs rewriting but I dont see why it should be deleted? Neologism? Imaginary genre? "Troll metal" returns 11,900 hits on Google, almost all of them dealing with the musical genre. Seems quite notable to me. -CunningLinguist 06:51, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep The article definitely needs to be cleaned up - but it shouldn't be deleted - a lot of metal genres are defined by the topics that they sing about (viking metal, battle metal etc) - if troll metal is deleted then these pages should also go.Gil-Galad
 * Yes, you're right they should go. Thanks for mentioning it. Maybe instead they should all be merged to a page called Metal subgenres, but there's so little useful information on ANY of them (except some dubious lists of bands) that it's silly to have all those separate articles.—Wahoofive (talk) 18:19, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, funny but true!  Grue   12:50, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Goblin metal and forest metal are not really valid genres, according to Google.  But this one is, even though it's a joke and often used in a joke context.  By the way, the lister for this VfD, OnwardToGolgotha, was banned permanently a couple of days ago for sandbox vandalism.  --Idont Havaname 02:35, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I agree with all of the keepers above. Salleman 23:44, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


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