text:
Talk:Pasadena, Texas

Extraneous detail
I have removed what I consider to be extraneous detail added to the descriptor of Houston Metro Area. While it may be strictly more accurate from a statistical standpoint, I don't see that it adds much to the informational value of the article, while making it considerably less reader-friendly in that portion. · Katefan0(scribble) 14:16, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)

I grew up in the area, and I heard that the Pasadena Chamber of Commerce came up with the slogan "The Grass is Greener in Pasadena" to try to get businesses and taxpayers to move to Pasadena, but scrapped the campaign when the smart-aleck alternative "The Air is Greener in Pasadena" became popular. Is this true, or urban legend? 66.25.138.120 07:53, 21 October 2007 (UTC)

You had forgot something,,,,
And as I Believed that as it seems, that this article is in a way lousy oe even poor about writing about Pasadena's History and else, including and especially why I'm here for, that you failed to menthion about the Joe Horn case, which as you possiably know made some national headlines and well off publicy, which as I think its in a way sorta important to put down on your article, as you as I have read some other articles including about towns and schools and so on that had methioned some well off and publiczed recent events that somehow similar to this event (and happened in these kind of places), epecially with the publicy and recentness part of it. But still, you unfortunately didn't do that, regardless of what you had done with some other events, including in a surpise way you so didn't and so. So therefore as a result, you should as with it well known and suppousely important signifacent, you should write it down in this article, just like you had with some other events, as you had noted them well and even written about them in the article of the place they had taken place and so forth (like Unity High School for one example) as therefore you in a way as a result should have done.- Jana —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.243.33.169 (talk) 00:19, 28 December 2007 (UTC)

Spanish for "land of flowers"??
Even though this references another website, it's embarrassingly flat-out wrong and should be eliminated. I can't believe that of all places people in Texas would think something so stupid. 24.186.185.41 (talk) 17:09, 1 January 2008 (UTC)

--Actually before the 1900's the area was lush in vegetation and wildflowers, lots of Hyacinth along Buffalo and Vinces Bayous. (Hence, Jacinto is Spanish for the Hyacinth plant) And that San Jacinto may not of been really named after Saint Hyacinth but because of the plant that grew in the area. So it's not impossible the area was known as a "land of flowers" just because the way the area looks now does not reflect the way the area looked at that time. Harrisburg area over near Brays Bayou was a natural Magnolia forest, over there today there is no evidence of that due to urbanization. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.200.114.172 (talk) 06:48, 29 September 2009 (UTC)

 * Great if you can find a WP:RELY footnote! Student7 (talk) 19:38, 1 October 2009 (UTC)

Industry
Rather notably missing a section on industry.

I assume that (despite the nicknames) there was an air cleanup in the 1970s. Air quality triggered by pollution caused about 1 resident in 3 to have allergies back then. (Have to beware of WP:COATRACK here!)Student7 (talk) 21:11, 14 September 2008 (UTC)

Elections and government
Because an editor was highly persistent in inserting detail that does not belong in this high level article, I created two low level articles Government of Pasadena, Texas and Elections in Pasadena, Texas to contain this information. Pasadena is probably the first city in Texas except maybe Houston to have these. It is probablh the only city of its size in the world to have these two articles.

The elections article has four problems with it: 1) It isn't footnoted (see WP:FOOT) very well; 2) some of the information is probably WP:POV or WP:OR; 3) I don't really know what dates the elections are or should be held but I assume that this is correctable by someone who knows; and 4) the Elections article still contains stuff that should probably be in a "Politics of Pasadena, Texas" but since I had already written two articles prematurely I got a little sick of it. Sorry.

Because these are real people we are talking about, the information must be precisely accurate. Wikipedia does not have the money to defend itself against libel in court. This is why we use quotes from WP:RELY sources. Student7 (talk) 23:08, 5 December 2008 (UTC)

Observation on importance scale
Observation: This article is rated Mid importance for Wikiproject Houston and High for Wikiproject Texas. That seems not to make sense. Pasadena is at least as important to Greater Houston as to Texas. Personally I'd argue that it does in fact rate High on the Houston scale as it is one of the largest cities in the area and a major industrial center. Within Texas it is somewhat debatable but I'd say that if Greater Houston is expanded to talk more about the economic and cultural impacts of the different parts of the the area then this one can be lowered to Mid.

Anyway, since I am not an established member of either project I'd suggest somebody who is consider updating.

--Mcorazao (talk) 19:08, 22 September 2009 (UTC)

Orphaned references in Pasadena, Texas
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of Pasadena, Texas's orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "HOT: Allen Ranch":
 * From Galveston Bay Area: Texas State Historical Association.
 * From History of the Galveston Bay Area: Texas State Historical Association

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. AnomieBOT ⚡ 23:00, 9 January 2010 (UTC)

Police Misconduct
The article is about Pasadena, Texas..not about police misconduct in the city. Please see WP:UNDUE. The section needs to be trimmed or moved to another article. This edit summary  suggests that the editor may have violated WP:COI. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.245.86.66 (talk) 06:34, 24 November 2010 (UTC)

 * Yes, and not a WP:COATFRACK nor is it a police blotter for accusations nor a place for reports about WP:NN people. Student7 (talk) 15:02, 24 November 2010 (UTC)

Pasadena Namesake
The reference regarding the origin of the name Pasadena is an online article that contains no information regarding Pasadena. The following online reference DOES contain such information: http://www.earlytexashistory.com/Pasadena/faq.html. Since it corroborates the previous reference, I respectfully suggest it be added as an ADDITIONAL reference regarding the origin of the name. It is very helpful to be able to click on a reference to verify it so I think this is a worthwhile upgrade. N0w8st8s (talk) 05:16, 22 September 2012 (UTC)n0w8st8s

Climate
An editor had placed information on weather in the article, then rm it saying it was the same as Hobby Airport. I rv his del but it got rv again. There is no info for Hobby in Wikipedia. City needs climate! Any ideas on how to achieve this? Student7 (talk) 18:07, 6 July 2013 (UTC)

Pasadena Found In Violation Of Voting Rights Act
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/pasadena-texas-voting-rights-act_us_58714e44e4b02b5f85891a0d?section=us_politics

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 15 external links on Pasadena, Texas. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
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title: Talk:Pasadena, Texas


text:
Hana Makhmalbaf

Hana Makhmalbaf (born September 3, 1988, in Tehran) is an Iranian filmmaker. She is the younger sister of filmmaker Samira Makhmalbaf and daughter of filmmakers Mohsen Makhmalbaf and Fatemeh Meshkini. She is known for her films Joy of Madness (2003), Buddha Collapsed Out of Shame (2007) and Green Days (2009). Makhmalbaf won the Lina Mangiacapre Award at the Venice Film Festival in 2003 for Joy of Madness (2003)''. Joy of Madness'' also won the Special Jury Prize at Tokyo Filmex. Makhmalbaf's film Buddha Collapsed Out of Shame won various awards as well, such as the Paolo Ungari UNICEF Prize from the Rome Film Festival and the Peace Film Award at the Berlin International Film Festival.

Early life and education
Makhmalbaf's film involvement began early in her life. By age three, she had already attended the Cannes Film Festival. Her own work gained attention by age eight when the Locarno Film Festival screened her first short film titled The Day My Aunt Was Ill.

Makhmalbaf expressed interest in being a painter, but did not like the "loneliness" that she described in the art form. She then was drawn to filmmaking, and she found the on-set experience compelling. In an interview, Makhmalbaf explained that hearing the words "lights, camera, action" was exciting and had a "strange power".

At the age of eight, Makhmalbaf decided she did not want to continue attending school. She then switched to her father's film academy and studio, Makhmalbaf Film House, in her hometown of Tehran. In the Makhmalbaf Film House, the students learned about many art forms such as painting, photography and cinema. Makhmalbaf had to keep up with what her peers were learning in addition to studying at the film academy. Makhmalbaf began to miss her previous schooling and went back for a few weeks. However, she quickly realized she would rather be the Makhmabaf Film House after experiencing the formal education system again.

Career
Makhmalbaf's debut documentary was released in 2003 and was entitled Joy of Madness. The film was about the making of her sister Samira's film At Five in the Afternoon. Makhmalbaf was able to take advantage of being only 13 to amass much candid digital footage when Samira was trying to persuade Afghan people to take part in her film. She was described as being able to blend in and remain overlooked as she shot her film among the production. She was able to capture so much on film because her age caused people to not to hide from her since they did not take her seriously.

When Joy of Madness(2003) premiered at the Venice Film Festival, Makhmalbaf was too young to attend her own screening under Italian law. Joy of Madness was also screened at the Cannes Film Festival, where Makhmalbaf beat the record of the youngest person to have a film screened in the festival. The record was previously held by her sister, Samira Makhmalbaf, who had broken the record at the age of seventeen.

Joy of Madness was also screened at the London International Film Festival in November 2004. Makhmalbaf and her sister, Samira, were both in attendance at the festival as Samira's film At Five in the Afternoon was also screened at the festival.

Her first feature film, Buddha Collapsed out of Shame, won an award at Festival du nouveau cinéma in Montreal, Quebec, Canada in 2007, as well as two awards from San Sebastian International Film Festival, in Spain, and the Crystal Bear for the Best Feature Film by the Generation Kplus Children's Jury at the Berlinale Film Festival in 2008.

Her second feature, Green Days premiered at the 2009 Toronto International Film Festival. The film was a documentary about the run-up to the 2009 Presidential Election in Iran. Makhmalbaf made use of footage from protesters by inter-cutting scenes of the post-election violence garnered from cell-phone and other amateur videos circulating anonymously. Green Days also screened at the Venice Film Festival. Makhmalbaf and her family left Iran shortly after the film's premiere.

After Green Days, Makhmalbaf went on to work on her father's film, The President. In 2015, Makhmalbaf announced her next film, entitled Single Mother. Many of Malkhmalbaf's family members worked on the film, with her father, Mohsen Malkhmalbaf, writing the script, and her brother, Maysam Malkhmalbaf, producing it. Malhmalbaf and her family spent time in Italy when working on the script.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Hana Makhmalbaf


text:
Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi

Qotb al-Din Mahmoud b. Zia al-Din Mas'ud b. Mosleh Shirazi (1236–1311) was a 13th-century Persian polymath and poet who made contributions to astronomy, mathematics, medicine, physics, music theory, philosophy and Sufism.

Biography
He was born in Kazerun in October 1236 to a family with a tradition of Sufism. His father, Zia' al-Din Mas'ud Kazeruni was a physician and also a leading Sufi of the Kazeruni order. Zia' Al-Din received his Kherqa (Sufi robe) from Shahab al-Din Omar Suhrawardi. Qutb al-Din was garbed by the Kherqa (Sufi robe) as blessing by his father, aged ten. Later on, he also received his own robe from the hands of Najib al-Din Bozgush Shirazni, a famous Sufi of the time. Quṭb al-Din began studying medicine under his father. His father practiced and taught medicine at the Mozaffari hospital in Shiraz. After his father's death (when Qutb al-Din was 14), his uncle and other masters of the period trained him in medicine. He also studied the Qanun (the Canon) of the famous Persian scholar Avicenna and its commentaries. In particular he read the commentary of Fakhr al-Din Razi on the Canon of Medicine and Qutb al-Din raised many issues of his own. This led to his decision to write his own commentary, where he resolved many of the issues with Nasir al-Din al-Tusi.

Qutb al-Din replaced his father as the ophthalmologist at the Mozaffari hospital in Shiraz. At the same time, he pursued his education under his uncle Kamal al-Din Abu'l Khayr and then Sharaf al-Din Zaki Bushkani, and Shams al-Din Mohammad Kishi. All three were expert teachers of the Canon of Avicenna. He quit his medical profession ten years later and began to devote his time to further education under the guidance of Nasir al-Din al-Tusi. When Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, the renowned scholar-vizier of the Mongol Holagu Khan established the observatory of Maragha, Qutb al-Din Shirazi became attracted to the city. He left Shiraz sometime after 1260 and was in Maragha about 1262. In Maragha, Qutb al-din resumed his education under Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, with whom he studied the al-Esharat wa'l-Tanbihat of Avicenna. He discussed with al-Tusi the difficulties he had understanding the first book of the Canon of Avicenna. While working in the new observatory, he studied astronomy under al-Tusi. One of the important scientific projects was the completion of the new astronomical table (zij). In his testament (Wasiya), al-Tusi advises his son ṣil-a-Din to work with Qutb al-Din in the completion of the Zij.

Qutb-al-Din's stay in Maragha was short. Subsequently, he traveled to Khorasan in the company of al-Tusi where he stayed to study under Najm al-Din Katebi Qazvini in the town of Jovayn and become his assistant. Some time after 1268, he journeyed to Qazvin, Isfahan, Baghdad and later Konya in Anatolia. This was a time when the Persian poet Jalal al-Din Muhammad Balkhi (Rumi) was gaining fame there and it is reported that Qutb al-Din also met him. In Konya, he studied the Jam'e al-Osul of Ibn Al-Athir with Sadr al-Din Qunawi. The governor of Konya, Mo'in al-Din Parvana appointed him as the judge of Sivas and Malatya. It was during this time that he compiled the books the Meftāḥ al-meftāh, Ekhtiārāt al-moẓaffariya, and his commentary on Sakkāki. In the year 1282, he was envoy on behalf of the Ilkhanid Ahmad Takudar to Sayf al-Din Qalawun, the Mamluk ruler of Egypt. In his letter to Qalawun, the Ilkhanid ruler mentions Qutb al-Din as the chief judge. Qutb al-Din during this time collected various critiques and commentaries on Avicenna's Canon and used them on his commentary on the Kolliyāt. The last part of Qutb al-Din's active career was teaching the Canon of Avicenna and the Shefa of Avicenna in Syria. He soon left for Tabriz after that and died shortly after. He was buried in the Čarandāb cemetery of the city.

Shirazi identified observations by the scholar Avicenna in the 11th century and Ibn Bajjah in the 12th century as transits of Venus and Mercury. However, Ibn Bajjah cannot have observed a transit of Venus, as none occurred in his lifetime.

Qutb al-Din had an insatiable desire for learning, which is evidenced by the twenty-four years he spent studying with masters of the time in order to write his commentary on the Kolliyāt. He was also distinguished by his extensive breadth of knowledge, a clever sense of humor and indiscriminate generosity. He was also a master chess player and played the musical instrument known as the Rabab, a favorite instrument of the Persian poet Rumi.

Mathematical

 * Tarjoma-ye Taḥrir-e Oqlides a work on geometry in Persian in fifteen chapters containing mainly the translation of the work of Nasir al-Din Tusi, completed in November 1282 and dedicated to Moʿin-al-Din Solaymān Parvāna.
 * Risala fi Harkat al-Daraja a work on Mathematics

Astronomy and Geography

 * Eḵtiārāt-e moẓaffari It is a treatise on astronomy in Persian in four chapters and extracted from his other work Nehāyat al-edrāk. The work was dedicated to Mozaffar-al-Din Bulaq Arsalan.
 * Fi ḥarakāt al-dahraja wa’l-nesba bayn al-mostawi wa’l-monḥani written as an appendix to Nehāyat al-edrāk
 * Nehāyat al-edrāk - The Limit of Accomplishment concerning Knowledge of the Heavens (Nehāyat al-edrāk fi dirayat al-aflak) completed in 1281, and The Royal Present (Al-Tuhfat al-Shahiya) completed in 1284. Both presented his models for planetary motion, improving on Ptolemy's principles.
 * Ketāb faʿalta wa lā talom fi’l-hayʾa, an Arabic work on astronomy, written for Aṣil-al-Din, son of Nasir al-Din Tusi
 * Šarḥ Taḏkera naṣiriya on astronomy.
 * Al-Tuḥfa al-šāhiya fi’l-hayʾa, an Arabic book on astronomy, having four chapters, written for Moḥammad b. Ṣadr-al-Saʿid, known as Tāj-al-Eslām Amiršāh
 * *Ḥall moškelāt al-Majesṭi a book on astronomy, titled Ḥall moškelāt al-Majesṭi

Philosophical

 * Dorrat al-tāj fi ḡorrat al-dabbāj Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi's most famous work is the Pearly Crown (Durrat al-taj li-ghurrat al-Dabbāj), written in Persian around AD 1306 (705 AH).  It is an Encyclopedic work on philosophy written for Rostam Dabbāj, the ruler of the Iranian land of Gilan.  It includes philosophical outlook on natural sciences, theology, logic, public affairs, ethics, mysticism, astronomy, mathematics, arithmetic and music.
 * Šarḥ Ḥekmat al-ešrāq Šayḵ Šehāb-al-Din Sohravardi, on philosophy and mysticism of Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi and his philosophy of illumination in Arabic.

Medicine

 * Al-Tuḥfat al-saʿdiyah also called Nuzhat al-ḥukamāʾ wa rawżat al-aṭibbāʾ, on medicine, a comprehensive commentary in five volumes on the Kolliyāt of the Canon of Avicenna written in Arabic.
 * Risāla fi’l-baraṣ, a medical treatise on leprosy in Arabic
 * Risāla fi bayān al-ḥājat ila’l-ṭibb wa ādāb al-aṭibbāʾ wa waṣāyā-hum

Religion, Sufism, Theology, Law, Linguistics and Rhetoric and others
Qutb al-Din was also a Sufi from a family of Sufis in Shiraz. He is famous for the commentary on Hikmat al-ishraq of Suhrawardi, the most influential work of Islamic Illuminist philosophy.
 * Al-Enteṣāf a gloss in Arabic on Zamakhshari's Qurʾan commentary, al-Kaššāf.
 * Fatḥ al-mannān fi tafsir al-Qorʾān a comprehensive commentary on the Qurʾan in forty volumes, written in Arabic and also known by the title Tafsir ʿallāmi
 * Ḥāšia bar Ḥekmat al-ʿayn on theology; it is a commentary of Ḥekmat al-ʿayn of Najm-al-Din ʿAli Dabirān Kātebi
 * Moškelāt al-eʿrāb on Arabic syntax
 * Moškelāt al-tafāsir or Moškelāt al-Qorʾān, on rhetoric
 * Meftāḥ al-meftāhá, a commentary on the third section of the Meftāḥ al-ʿolum, a book on Arabic grammar and rhetoric by Abu Yaʿqub Seraj-al-Din Yusof Skkaki Khwarizmi
 * Šarḥ Moḵtaṣar al-oṣul Ebn Ḥājeb, a commentary on Ebn Ḥājeb's Montaha’l-soʾāl wa’l-ʿamal fi ʿelmay al-oṣul wa’l-jadwal, a book on the sources of law according to the Maliki school of thought
 * Sazāvār-e Efteḵā, Moḥammad-ʿAli Modarres attributes a book by this title to Quṭb-al-Din, without providing any information about its content
 * Tāj al-ʿolum A book attributed to him by Zerekli
 * al-Tabṣera A book attributed to him by Zerekli
 * A book on ethnics and poetry, Quṭb-al-Din is also credited with the authorship of a book on ethics in Persian, written for Malek ʿEzz-al-Din, the ruler of Shiraz. He also wrote poetry but apparently did not leave a divan (a book of poems)

title: Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi


text:
Category:Mountains of Oceania

The mountains of Oceania.

title: Category:Mountains of Oceania


text:
Commission on Appointments

The Commission on Appointments (Komisyon sa Paghirang, abbreviated as CA) is a constitutional body which confirms or rejects certain political appointments made by the President of the Philippines. The current commission was created by the 1987 Constitution.

While often associated with the Congress of the Philippines, which consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate, and mistakenly referred to as a congressional committee, the Commission on Appointments is an independent body from the legislature, though its membership is confined to members of Congress.

Background
The Commission on Appointments confirms certain appointments made by the President of the Philippines. Article VII, Section 16 of the 1987 Constitution reads: "'The President shall nominate and, with the consent of the Commission on Appointments, appoint the heads of the executive departments, ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, or officers of the armed forces from the rank of colonel or naval captain, and other officers whose appointments are vested in him in this Constitution. He shall also appoint all other officers of the Government whose appointments are not otherwise provided for by law, and those whom he may be authorized by law to appoint. The Congress may, by law, vest the appointment of other officers lower in rank in the President alone, in the courts, or in the heads of departments, agencies, commissions, or boards."

The Vice President is exempted from a confirmation hearing to any cabinet position. The nomination of a person to the vice presidency due to a vacancy is handled by both houses of Congress, voting separately.

During the operation of the Jones Law, the Senate confirmed the Governor-General's appointments. During the operation of the 1935 Constitution, the commission was composed of 21 members of the National Assembly of the Philippines. With the restoration of the bicameral Congress in 1940, the commission was composed of 12 senators and 12 representatives with the Senate President as the ex officio chairman. During the operation of the 1973 Constitution, the president appointed at will and without "checks and balances" from the then-parliament. The current constitution, which was ratified in 1987, brought back the 25-member commission.

Officials confirmed

 * 1) Heads of Executive Departments
 * 2) Ambassadors, other Public Ministers and Consuls
 * 3) High Ranking Officers of the Armed Forces from the rank of Colonel or Naval Captain
 * 4) Regular Members of the Judicial and Bar Council
 * 5) Chairman and Commissioners of the Civil Service Commission
 * 6) Chairman and Commissioners of the Commission on Elections
 * 7) Chairman and Commissioners of the Commission on Audit

The appointments of all judges and the Ombudsman need not be confirmed by the Commission on Appointments. Instead, they are recommended by the Judicial and Bar Council in a short list, from which the President shall then choose from.

Prior to the institutionalization of the party-list system, the president appointed the sectoral representatives. Congress then decided to have these confirmed via the commission, as well.

Under the 1935 Constitution

 * 1) Heads of the executive departments and bureaus
 * 2) Officers of the Army from the rank of colonel, of the Navy and air forces from the rank of captain or commander
 * 3) All other officers of the Government whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and those whom he may be authorized by law to appoint
 * 4) Ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls
 * 5) Members of the Supreme Court and all judges of inferior courts
 * 6) The Resident Commissioner of the Philippines (until 1946)

Composition
The commission is composed of the Senate President, the ex officio chairman, twelve senators, and twelve members of the House of Representatives. Members from each house of Congress are elected based on proportional representation from the political parties and parties or organizations registered under the party-list system represented. The Chairman of the Commission shall vote only in case of a tie. It shall act on all appointments submitted within thirty session days of Congress. It shall be governed by a majority vote of all members.

Procedure
A president can either make a nomination or an appointment. Either action involves the commission.

Most presidential actions are ad interim appointments, done when Congress is not in session. In these cases, the appointment allows the official to discharge the duties related to the office immediately. The ad interim appointment ceases to be valid if the commission explicitly rejects the appointment, or if the commission "bypasses" the appointment. If the commission rejects the appointment, the official is no longer allowed to discharge the duties related to his or her office, and the president has to appoint someone else. If the commission bypasses the official, the president can re-appoint that person.

The president can also nominate an official if Congress is in session. In a "regular" nomination, the official can only discharge the duties once the commission consents to the appointment.

Just as other legislative bodies, the commission is divided into different committees. Each appointment is coursed through the committee concerned. After hearings are held, the committee decides to confirm or reject the appointment; the commission en banc then deliberates on whether to accept the committee's decision.

Meeting place
The commission meets at the GSIS Building in Pasay, the seat of the Senate.

Current membership
These are the members for the 19th Congress of the Philippines:

 * Chairman: Francis Escudero (ex officio as Senate president)
 * Vice Chairman: Ramon Juico Jr.
 * Majority Floor Leader: Luis Raymund Villafuerte
 * Assistant Majority Floor Leaders:
 * Rodante Marcoleta
 * Joel Villanueva
 * Minority Floor Leader: Alan Peter Cayetano
 * Assistant Minority Floor Leaders:
 * Jose Gay Padiernos
 * Johnny Pimentel
 * Secretary: Atty. Myra Marie D. Villarica
 * Sergeant-at-Arms: Police BGen. Nicasio Javier Radovan Jr. (Ret.)

Rejection of appointment
Rejection by the commission of the president's appointment is very rare. Usually, due to the padrino system of patronage politics, the president's party controls a supermajority of votes in the House of Representatives, thus mirroring its composition of the commission. This means appointments are almost always are approved, although some are not without difficulty.

title: Commission on Appointments


text:
User talk:King Shadeed

Possible Un-retirement or Semi-retirement?
That is all. King Shadeed (talk) 17:52, 3 May 2023 (UTC)

May 2023
You wanted to report an IP user to the ANI but the problem is you never do it anyway. 148.252.133.74 (talk) 22:26, 17 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Wanna bet? King Shadeed (talk) 22:27, 17 May 2023 (UTC)
 * No, and why? 148.252.133.74 (talk) 22:28, 17 May 2023 (UTC)
 * You have been causing vandalism here. I'm noticing that you're the same user behind multiple IP accounts who's been vandalizing for the past two weeks. If you can't abide by the rules at Wikipedia, then you have to suffer the consequences or just leave. Simple as that.
 * What same user? Just tell me the same user! Tell me who is the same user! 148.252.133.74 (talk) 22:39, 17 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Such as these right here: "85.255.234.215, 85.255.233.126, 85.255.237.138, talk". King Shadeed (talk) 22:49, 17 May 2023 (UTC)
 * The true user, I'm relating to the TRUE user! And why did you came out of retirement? 148.252.133.74 (talk) 22:51, 17 May 2023 (UTC)
 * First off, who do you think you're talking to? Second off, because I felt like it. And third off, are you "PapaTakaro" who also used the Moops account? Because I could have those addresses including yours investigated to see if you are or not. Now I've already dealt with another person who did the same thing several years ago at this site. King Shadeed (talk) 22:54, 17 May 2023 (UTC)
 * I was talking to you and of course i am not "PapaTakaro". And who was that another person anyway? 148.252.133.74 (talk) 22:58, 17 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Okay I'd advise you to show some respect around here. Not only to me. Others as well. It's called "be civil". King Shadeed (talk) 23:00, 17 May 2023 (UTC)

June 2023
Weren't you retired or not? 85.255.233.169 (talk) 18:11, 8 June 2023 (UTC)
 * Don't worry about it. King Shadeed (talk) 18:19, 8 June 2023 (UTC)
 * Ok 71.217.149.115 (talk) 06:01, 26 November 2023 (UTC)

ArbCom 2023 Elections voter message
 Hello! Voting in the 2023 Arbitration Committee elections is now open until 23:59 (UTC) on. All eligible users are allowed to vote. Users with alternate accounts may only vote once.

The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to impose binding solutions to disputes between editors, primarily for serious conduct disputes the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the authority to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail.

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May 2024
Could please tell me why you're removing reliable sources for no reason?, and i sworn that you had retired before. 148.252.159.156 (talk) 08:14, 26 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Swear harder because I've returned for a limited basis based on my decision. And I've restored the source if you haven't paid any attention. I see you're still doing the same thing what you did last year and haven't learned. King Shadeed May 26, 2024 at 8:58 EDT
 * Based from what I've learned, you're still the same person behind the IP: 148.252.158.88 and a few more that you used last year. You're using Wikipedia to vandalize by using multiple IP addresses and using inaccurate information. I would cease from doing that before you get reported to ANI. King Shadeed May 26, 2024 at 9:04 EDT
 * No, I'm not this is totally unrelated to the same pearson and you didn't restore the soruced you removed them for no reasons. Stop removing reliable sources and give up replacing "continued from" with "produced by" as most users didn't like that change. 148.252.159.35 (talk) 08:51, 27 May 2024 (UTC)
 * I see that you're lying to me and I can see it right through you. Either you stop your foolishness or I'll have you reported to ANI. Your choice. King Shadeed May 27, 2024 at 12:55 p.m. EDT
 * I've looked at your reverted revision. Treasure Hunt is not a continuation from Jantone Productions. The versions form Jantone and Chuck Barris Productions are completely different. Barris didn't acquire Jantone Productions. He acquired the US rights and rebooted and revamped it. All three formats are completely different from each other. If that's what you think, then you're wrong. You're using "continued from" as the wrong terminology and it's confusing you. That's like saying that the 2003 version of Dance Fever is a continuation of the original, which is not. Same goes for the Pyramid game shows. All are different formats. So once again, I recommend that you cease. You're using Wikipedia to introduce inaccurate details and you're also changing your IP addresses to do the same thing repeatedly just to have it your way so you can avoid getting the IP's banned or blocked. King Shadeed May 27, 2024 at 1:14 p.m. EDT
 * You're wrong about the text. Not to mention the text "continued from" wasn't confusing everyone the whole time and it was the right terminology the entire time and I don't know why you're removing reliable sources for no reason as well. 148.252.159.35 (talk) 18:17, 27 May 2024 (UTC)
 * I'm not wrong about the text. Do you have a link discussing that "continued from" is right or are you assuming? King Shadeed May 28, 2024 at 12:37 a.m. EDT

title: User talk:King Shadeed


text:
User talk:Mkineiko

Welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for your contributions to the coolest online encyclopedia I know of =). I sure hope you stick around; we're always in need of more people to create new articles and improve the ones we already have.  You'll probably find it easiest to start with a tutorial of how the wikipedia works, and you can test stuff for yourself in the sandbox.  When you're contributing, you'll probably find the manual of style to be helpful, and you'll also want to remember a couple important guidelines.  First, write from a neutral point of view, second, be bold in editing pages, and third, use wikiquette.  Those are probably the most important ones, and you can take a look at some others at the policies and guidelines page. You might also be interested in how to write a great article and possibly adding some images to your articles.

Be sure to get involved in the community – you can contact me at my talk page if you have any questions, and you can check out the village pump, where lots of wikipedians hang out and discuss things. If you're looking for something to do, check out the community portal. And whenever you ask a question or post something on a talk page, be sure to sign your name by typing ~~~~.

Again, welcome! It's great to have you. Happy editing! --Spangineer (háblame)  14:20, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mkineiko


text:
User talk:StevenSchulman

Welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for your contributions to the coolest online encyclopedia I know of =). I sure hope you stick around; we're always in need of more people to create new articles and improve the ones we already have.  You'll probably find it easiest to start with a tutorial of how the wikipedia works, and you can test stuff for yourself in the sandbox.  When you're contributing, you'll probably find the manual of style to be helpful, and you'll also want to remember a couple important guidelines.  First, write from a neutral point of view, second, be bold in editing pages, and third, use wikiquette.  Those are probably the most important ones, and you can take a look at some others at the policies and guidelines page. You might also be interested in how to write a great article and possibly adding some images to your articles.

Be sure to get involved in the community – you can contact me at my talk page if you have any questions, and you can check out the village pump, where lots of wikipedians hang out and discuss things. If you're looking for something to do, check out the community portal. And whenever you ask a question or post something on a talk page, be sure to sign your name by typing ~~~~.

Again, welcome! It's great to have you. Happy editing! --Spangineer (háblame)  14:20, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:StevenSchulman


text:
Talk:Olomouc

Hanakian (Central Moravian dialect) name of Olomouc: Olomóc or Holomóc.

There are many 16th-century sources that have 'Holomauc', should this be included?

 * I am not sure. I think it is one of several variations of the name that occurred in the Middle and early Modern Ages. If you (or anybody else) have more information about etymology of the name, maybe there could be a separate chapter on this topic. Jan.Kamenicek 17:59, 18 September 2006 (UTC)

When Jan Blahoslav published his music treatise 'Muzyka, to gest knizka' in Olomouc (1558) he used 'Holomauc'. I have also seen an 18th-century folk-map from Prerov which has 'Holomoc'. I can go on and on. Also modern-day Hanaks (though, rarely in Olomouc itself) still preserve the 'H' at the beginning of the word (this is also why they use 'ten' with 'Olomouc'; the spelling changed over time, but the dialect preserved 'ten'. I would be grateful if you would change the Hanak version back to 'Holomauc'.  If you still doubt, just try Googling 'Holomauc'.
 * I come from a village near Olomouc and partly can speak the dialect. I meet some people who speak the dialect fluently. I have never heard the version with "Holomóc", though I admit that it could be spoken in some parts of the region (I have not visited all the Haná villages). In my opinion, most frequent modern version is "Olomóc". I doubt that it could be pronounced "Holomauc" anywhere in the region.
 * The fact that Jan Blahoslav (and may be others as well) used it in the 16 century would be a good contribution to a separate chapter on the history of the name.
 * Please, sign your messages with four tildes, like this: ~, it will produce your username and date.
 * Jan.Kamenicek 11:45, 19 September 2006 (UTC)

Oh, OK. ComeniusUK 11:51, 19 September 2006 (UTC)

Jan, thanks so much for your post. Since I am not a native speaker, I'll give your observations weight. I can tell you though, I (and others in and around Olomouc, have heard 'Holomauc'. Either way, it is surely archaic, as you have suggested.  It may be worth mentioning as the early use of 'H' may teach us something about the origins of the name itself.  ComeniusUK 11:53, 19 September 2006 (UTC)

 * I have to write my previous contribution in a more precise way: I have never heard saying "Holomóc" in everyday usage by a native dialect speaker. However, it exists in people's minds, probably as a remnant of old-time usage. If you ask somebody how to say "Olomouc" in the Haná dialect, you may here "Holomóc". But I have never heard a native speaker using it while naturally speaking, I have always heard just "Olomóc" (the akute above the last "o" means that it is pronounced long: ).
 * Haná dialect is very variable, there may occur some slight differences from one village to another. Therefore I am not able to say that the "H" version is not used anywhere (but it is definitely not used in Olomouc). However, I really doubt that in modern usage you could meet this name with the spelling "Holomauc" (in Czech language and all Czech dialects "au" is pronounced in the same way as the diphtong in the end of the English word "cow"). I did some googling as you have suggested, and found just 17 sites with this spelling, which can be considered as a proof that it exists, but none of them suggested that it is used by present day Haná dialect speakers.
 * I am also afraid that arguments of both of us resemble something that Wikipedia calls "original research", which is not allowed here. Unless we find some independent citeable sources which have explored the dialect and noted how the name is used by the dialect speakers nowadays, we should omit it from the first paragraph completely. The 16th century version of "Holomauc" could be mentioned somewhere in the history section, unless a separate chapter is devoted to the etymology of the name in the article.
 * Jan.Kamenicek 21:09, 20 September 2006 (UTC)

Jan, thanks for that. I agree, let's let it go and use the modern spelling as you suggest. For what it's worth I do speak and understand Czech and my specialty is 17th and 18th-century Czech things; so I am way out of date! ComeniusUK 13:01, 25 September 2006 (UTC)

 * OK, I'll do it.
 * I am pleased that you are interested in 17th and 18th century Czech history. There seems to be a lack of such articles in Wikipedia, it would be great, if you could contribute with some.

Jan.Kamenicek 13:28, 26 September 2006 (UTC)

Convent of Dominican Sisters in Olomouc
The article in question was just created today. I have already wikified it to the best of my ability but there's still very little context for someone who isn't familiar with Olomouc (like myself). Therefore, it's hard for me to determine if a merge is the way to go in this case but I thought I'd at least go ahead and suggest it. -- Seed 2.0 17:49, 25 April 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:UNESCO World Heritage Site - small logo.svg
Image:UNESCO World Heritage Site - small logo.svg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 22:01, 26 November 2007 (UTC)

University
(Posted at Talk:Palacký University, Olomouc identically:)

The main Olomouc article only very briefly mentions Palacký University, Olomouc the university, in a single sentence. Considering that the lead here suggests that the university is a very significant part of the the town, shouldn't it get a bigger mention in that article? Si Trew (talk) 12:11, 10 July 2010 (UTC)
 * Subsection "University" added. Cimmerian praetor (talk) 10:05, 13 August 2010 (UTC)

Mozart
If I don't misremember what I read in some museum sign, Mozart's family spent some time in Olomouc and was greatly helped by the then bishop. Should it be mentioned? Was some remarkable composition created there? --Error (talk) 21:56, 8 November 2010 (UTC)

Percentage of Protestants and name of the state
Cimmerian praetor, I understand the Palacký Unversity is your alma mater, but that doesn't mean that you are supervisor of this article and therefore you can forced your own statistics and names.

I have got two objections: Regards. --Iaroslavvs (talk) 16:55, 4 October 2011 (UTC)
 * 1) Numbers of Protestants in the Czech lands before 1620 are only estimated and re-calculated according to the number of churches and parishes. Due to this lack of knowledge (incomplete sources) ratio of Protestants and Catholics variated between 70% (e.g. historian cs:Petr Čornej) and 90%. Even in the book cited by you can be found various figures: ... Josef Pekař uvádí, že katolíky u nás byla zhruba jedna sedmina obyvatel... (i.e. ~14–15% Catholics); ... Ze zhruba 2 mil. obyvatel Čech bylo ... pouze 300 tisíc katolíků. Na Moravě pouze asi 70 tisíc z celkového počtu 750 tisíc obyvatel, tedy zhruba pouze jedna desetina... (i.e. ~15% Catholics in Bohemia Proper and ~9% in Moravia; average = 12%, not 10 as you assert). In view of these facts, I consider quarrel "85 or 90" as purposelessly dogmatic. I suggest a compromise: 88%
 * 2) "Czech Crown lands" is ahistoric term used by some present authors only in auxiliary sense, similarly to "Czech state" or "Czech lands". Proper name of the Bohemian state after 1348 was – as you certainly know – The Crown of the Bohemian Kingdom; typized "wikiname" is Crown of Bohemia (cf. other institutionalized "Crowns", like Crown of Aragon, Crown of Castile, Crown of Spain, Crown of Great Britain, Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and so on). I don't understand your incorrect edits in this case and I oppose them.

 * Dear Iaroslavvs, the fact that I have studied in Olomouc has nothing to do with the issue at hand. I don't feel being supervisor of the article, but I like to keep an eye on the part, which I have introduced into the article. I have introduced both the Czech Crown lands as well as "roughly nine out of ten". I hate to see somebody coming in and changing it for no good reason.

I am sorry but it is very arrogant, to start changing things for no good reason. It is even more arrogant to blame the author of the original sentences of "feeling being a supervisor, when he merely corrects fiddling with his own edits. I hate arrogance. Please stop fiddling with my edits, unless you build a majority consensus, that what I have written is wrong. Cimmerian praetor (talk) 18:23, 4 October 2011 (UTC)
 * 1) You have deliberately change roughly nine out of ten to 85%. I got it back to 90% and added a source for the claim. You also recognize, that the figure I put there is much closer to the source, than the one you wrote (not to mention, that the original phrase was probably the best one, but out of courtesy to you, I have stayed with the percentage, which you have introduced).
 * 2) Czech Crown lands is not ahistoric term. It is simply used by some contemporary authors in order to cover the territory of the contemporary Czech Republic, before the Czech Republic existed. One of the issues of writing there "Crown of Bohemia" is, that it is a historically very precise term, which in the issue of 1550s covers also the largest of the lands - Silesia - which is not covered in the estimates by the source I have provided.

"English" pronunciation
Looks like original research to me. There could be many ways of approximating the Czech pronunciation based on dialect. I would say the first syllable as /ɒ/ rather than /ɔː/. Any source that there's a widely used English pronunciation? - filelake shoe   11:06, 29 May 2012 (UTC)

old books
Maybe it should be added that in old books, the city is called by its German name? The name changes are pretty confusing for non-Czechs/non-Germans... — Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.121.10.165 (talk) 21:44, 30 May 2012 (UTC)
 * Mentioning the German name in the lede should be enough. - filelake shoe     15:39, 24 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Is Olmütz not only the German name ? Is ist Anglo-Saxon for "All-Meet". Maybe it is located on an old war-path that leads to South-East. The Anglo-Saxons/Britain and maybe the Scandinavians came along the river Elbe heading Southeast and continued their path Southeast towards Olmütz = All-meet. The warriors maybe have met in this place before they continued their path Southeast. It could be similar to the French town Metz, I heard crusaders have met there (Metz=meet). guest comment by P. Kempe 61.8.138.131 (talk) 18:54, 17 December 2023 (UTC)

Modern - section
The same text is here: http://www.tracesofevil.com/search/label/Olomouc Who was the first?Xx236 (talk) 11:03, 31 August 2016 (UTC)

Aglomeration population

 * The 480,000 is unsourced.
 * Here between 363.7 and 437.5.
 * Here between 363.5 and 493.1 Xx236 (talk) 11:40, 31 August 2016 (UTC)
 * The Larger urban zone doesn't contain Olomouc. My sources say Aglomerace.Xx236 (talk) 13:09, 31 August 2016 (UTC)

Is it notable?
Olomouc is mentioned in chapter 27 Xx236 (talk) 07:28, 2 September 2016 (UTC)

External links modified (January 2018)
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In popular culture : R.E.M.
where's the reference to Olomouc in the linked song lyrics ? Stipe though, did play in town with Merchant and Bragg in 1990 as by many youtube videos

Historical capital city?
Lead mentions: "the city [Olomouc] ... was a historical capital city of Moravia". How can a historical region, that is Moravia (meaning having no administrative role), have a capital city? Might need to check this one. Danial Bass (talk) 17:26, 4 July 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Olomouc


text: Category:Society Islands

title: Category:Society Islands


text:
Jaldapara National Park

Jaldapara National Park (Pron: ˌʤʌldəˈpɑ:rə) is a national park situated at the foothills of the Eastern Himalayas in Alipurduar District of northern West Bengal, India, and on the banks of the Torsa River. It is situated at an elevation of 61 m and is spread across 216.51 km2 of vast grassland with patches of riverine forest. It was declared a sanctuary in 1941 for protection of its great variety of flora and fauna. It is a habitat management area.

Today, Jaldapara National Park has the largest population of the Indian rhinoceros in the state.

History
Toto tribes and Mech Tribes (Bodos) used to stay in this area before 1800. At that time this place was known as "Totopara". Formerly Jaldapara Wildlife Sanctuary, established in 1941, has been elevated to Jaldapara National Park in May 2014 and is primarily meant for the conservation of the Indian rhinoceros.

Flora and fauna
The forest is mainly savannah covered with tall elephant grasses. The main attraction of the park is the Indian one-horned rhinoceros. The park holds the largest rhino population in India after Kaziranga National Park in Assam. Other animals in the park include Indian leopard, Indian elephant, sambar, barking deer, chital, hog deer, wild boar and gaur. A floristic investigation was made during 2016–2018 to document the tree diversity and their present status in the Jaldapara National Park. A total of 294 species of trees belonging to 189 genera and 63 families, including 4 species of gymnosperms were recorded.

title: Jaldapara National Park


text:
Bullingdon Club

The Bullingdon Club is a private all-male dining club for Oxford University students. It is known for its wealthy members, grand banquets, and bad behaviour, including vandalism of restaurants and students' rooms. The club selects its members not only on the grounds of wealth and willingness to participate but also by reference to their education.

The Bullingdon was originally a sporting club, dedicated to cricket and horse-racing, although work meetings gradually became its principal activity. Membership is expensive, with tailor-made uniforms, regular gourmet hospitality, and a tradition of on-the-spot payment for damage. Some members have gone on to become leading figures within Britain's political establishment. These include former Prime Minister David Cameron, former Chancellor of the Exchequer George Osborne, and former Prime Minister Boris Johnson.

The Bullingdon is often featured in fiction and drama.

History
The Bullingdon Club was founded more than 200 years ago. Petre Mais claims it was founded in 1780 and was limited to 30 men, and Viscount Long, who was a member in 1875, described it as "an old Oxford institution, with many good traditions". Originally it was a fox hunting and cricket club, and Thomas Assheton Smith the Younger is recorded as having batted for the Bullingdon against Marylebone Cricket Club in 1796. In 1805 cricket at Oxford University "was confined to the old Bullingdon Club, which was expensive and exclusive". This foundational sporting purpose is attested to in the club's symbol. Harry Mount suggests that the name itself derives from this sporting background, proposing that the club is named after the Bullingdon Hundred, a past location of the annual Bullingdon Club point-to-point race. This origin of the club is marked by an annual breakfast at the Bullingdon point to point. The Wisden Cricketer reports that the Bullingdon is "ostensibly one of the two original Oxford University cricket teams but it actually used cricket merely as a respectable front for the mischievous, destructive or self-indulgent tendencies of its members". By the late 19th century, the present emphasis on dining within the club began to emerge. Long attested that in 1875 "Bullingdon Club [cricket] matches were also of frequent occurrence, and many a good game was played there with visiting clubs. The Bullingdon Club dinners were the occasion of a great display of exuberant spirits, accompanied by a considerable consumption of the good things of life, which often made the drive back to Oxford an experience of exceptional nature".

A report of 1876 relates that "cricket there was secondary to the dinners, and the men were chiefly of an expensive class". The New York Times told its readers in 1913 that "The Bullingdon represents the acme of exclusiveness at Oxford; it is the club of the sons of nobility, the sons of great wealth; its membership represents the 'young bloods' of the university". During the Second World War, an extension of the club was founded at Colditz Castle for imprisoned officers who had been members of the club while at Oxford.

Former pupils of public schools such as Eton, Harrow, St. Paul's, Stowe, Radley, Oundle, Shrewsbury, Rugby and Winchester form the bulk of its membership.

2000s
In the 21st century the Bullingdon is primarily a dining club, although a vestige of the club's sporting links survives in its support of an annual point to point race. The Club President, known as the "General", presents the winner's cup, and the club members meet at the race for a champagne breakfast. The club also meets for an annual Club dinner. Guests may be invited to either of these events. There may also be smaller dinners during the year to mark the initiation of new members or in celebration of other occasions. The club often books private dining rooms under an assumed name, as most restaurateurs are cautious of the club's reputation as being the cause of considerable drunken damage during the course of their dinners.

In 2007, a photograph of the Bullingdon Club taken in 1987 was discovered. It made British headlines because two of the posing members, Boris Johnson and David Cameron, had gone on to careers in politics and at the time were, respectively, Conservative candidate for Mayor of London and Leader of the Conservative party. The copyright owners have since declined to grant permission to use the picture.

Following negative media attention and the club's apparent depiction in the play Posh and its film adaptation The Riot Club—membership has supposedly dwindled. In 2016 it was claimed that only between four and six members were left, all of them postgraduates, and that no new undergraduate members joined the previous year. Many Oxford students cited an unwillingness to be associated with "ostentatious wealth celebration".

In June 2017, members of the club attempting to shoot their annual Club Photo on the steps of Christ Church were escorted out by college porters for not securing permission for the shoot. Nearby non-member students heckled the club as they left, with one even playing "Yakety Sax" (the theme song for The Benny Hill Show).

Reputation

The club has always been noted for its wealthy members, grand banquets, and boisterous rituals, including the vandalisation of restaurants, public houses, and college rooms, complemented by a tradition of on-the-spot payment for damage. Its ostentatious displays of wealth attract controversy, since some former members have subsequently achieved high political positions, notably the former British Prime Minister David Cameron, former Chancellor of the Exchequer George Osborne and the former Prime Minister Boris Johnson.

A number of episodes over many decades have provided anecdotal evidence of the club's behaviour. Infamously on 12 May 1894, after dinner, Bullingdon members smashed almost all the glass of the lights and 468 windows in Peckwater Quad of Christ Church, along with the blinds and doors of the building, and again on 20 February 1927. As a result of such events, the club was banned from convening within 15 miles of Oxford.

While still Prince of Wales, Edward VIII had a certain amount of difficulty in getting his parents' permission to join the Bullingdon on account of the club's reputation. He eventually obtained it only on the understanding that he never join in what was then known as a "Bullingdon blind", a euphemistic phrase for an evening of drink and song. On hearing of his eventual attendance at one such evening, Queen Mary sent him a telegram requesting that he remove his name from the club.

Andrew Gimson, biographer of Boris Johnson, reported about the club in the 1980s: "I don't think an evening would have ended without a restaurant being trashed and being paid for in full, very often in cash. [...] A night in the cells would be regarded as being par for a Buller man and so would debagging anyone who really attracted the irritation of the Buller men."

In December 2005, Bullingdon Club members smashed 17 bottles of wine, "every piece of crockery," and a window at the 15th-century White Hart pub in Fyfield, Oxfordshire. The dinner was organised by Alexander Fellowes, son of Baron Fellowes and nephew to Diana, Princess of Wales; four members of the party were arrested. A further dinner was reported in 2010 after damage to Hartwell House, a country house in Buckinghamshire.

The Bullingdon has been mentioned in the debates of the House of Commons in order to draw attention to excessive behaviour across the British class spectrum, and to embarrass prominent Conservative Party politicians who are former members of the Bullingdon. Johnson has since tried to distance himself from the club, calling it "a truly shameful vignette of almost superhuman undergraduate arrogance, toffishness and twittishness."

Dress
The club's colours are sky blue and ivory. Members dress for their annual lllClub dinner in bespoke tailored tailcoats in dark navy blue, with a matching velvet collar, offset with ivory silk lapel revers, brass monogrammed buttons, a mustard waistcoat, and a sky blue bow tie. There is also a Club tie, which is sky blue striped with ivory. These are all provided by the Oxford branch of court tailors Ede and Ravenscroft. In 2007 the full uniform was estimated to cost £3,500. Traditionally when they played cricket, members "were identified by a ribbon of blue and white on their straw hats, and by stripes of the same colours down their flannel trousers".

Relationship with the University
The Bullingdon is not currently registered with the University of Oxford, but members are drawn from among the members of the University. On several occasions in the past, when the club was registered, the University proctors suspended it on account of the rowdiness of members' activities, including suspensions in 1927 and 1956. John Betjeman wrote in 1938 that "quite often the Club is suspended for some years after each meeting". While under suspension, the club has met in relative secrecy.

The club was active in Oxford in 2008/9, although not registered with the University. In his retirement speech as proctor, Professor of Geology Donald Fraser noted an incident which, not being on University premises, was outside their jurisdiction: "some students had taken habitually to the drunken braying of 'We are the Bullingdon' at 3 a.m. from a house not far from the Phoenix Cinema. But the transcript of what they called the wife of the neighbour who went to ask them to be quiet was written in language that is not usually printed".

In October 2018, the Oxford University Conservative Association (OUCA) banned members of the Bullingdon Club from holding office within the Association. OUCA president Ben Etty stated that the club's "values and activities had no place in the modern Conservative Party'". This decision was overturned several weeks later "on a constitutional technicality", although Etty was confident that "that ban will be re-proposed very soon". The ban was later re-implemented on appeal to OUCA's Senior Member and remains in effect.

Photographs of club members
A number of the club's annual photographs have emerged over the years, with each giving insight into its past members.

A photograph taken in 1987 depicting David Cameron and Boris Johnson among other members of the club, including Jonathan Ford of the Financial Times, and retail CEO Sebastian James is the best-known example. In an interview with the BBC's Andrew Marr, David Cameron said that the photograph was an embarrassment. BBC Two's Newsnight commissioned a painting to recreate the photograph because the photographers who own the copyright objected to its being published on commercial grounds.

A photograph taken in 1988, also depicting the future British Prime Minister David Cameron, this time as Club President and standing in the centre of the group, later emerged. It was found by the student newspaper, VERSA, among over a dozen other photographs of the club dated between 1950 and 2010 hanging on the wall of the tailor that is believed to have made the members' suits, and led to a number of other past members being identified. Gillman and Soame, the photographers who own the copyright to the image, withdrew permission for it to be reproduced. VERSA, which discovered the photographs, commissioned sketches to reproduce the scenes depicted in them.

A photograph of the club taken in 1992 depicted George Osborne, Nathaniel Rothschild, David Cameron's cousin Harry Mount and Ocado founder Jason Gissing.

In 2013, a new photograph emerged of club members flying by private jet to a hunting expedition in South Africa. Pictured in the photograph are Michael Marks, Cassius Clay, Nicholas Green, Timothy Aldersly, Charles Clegg and George Farmer – the son of the former treasurer of the Conservative Party Michael Farmer, Baron Farmer.

Documentary
David Cameron's and Boris Johnson's period in the Bullingdon Club was examined in the UK Channel 4 docu-drama When Boris Met Dave, broadcast on 7 October 2009 on More 4. An Observer Magazine article in October 2011 reviewed George Osborne's membership of the club.

Cultural references
The Bullingdon is satirised as 'the Bollinger Club' (Bollinger being a notable brand of champagne) in Evelyn Waugh's novel Decline and Fall (1928), where it has a pivotal role in the plot: the mild-mannered hero is blamed for the Bollinger Club's destructive rampage through his college and is sent down. Tom Driberg claimed that the description of the Bollinger Club was a "mild account of the night of any Bullingdon Club dinner in Christ Church. Such a profusion of glass I never saw until the height of the Blitz. On such nights, any undergraduate who was believed to have 'artistic' talents was an automatic target."

Waugh mentions the Bullingdon by name in Brideshead Revisited. In talking to Charles Ryder, Anthony Blanche relates that the Bullingdon attempted to "put him in Mercury" in Tom Quad one evening, Mercury being a large fountain in the centre of the Quad. Blanche describes the members in their tails as looking "like a lot of most disorderly footmen", and goes on to say: "Do you know, I went round to call on Sebastian next day? I thought the tale of my evening's adventures might amuse him." This could indicate that Sebastian was not a member of the Bullingdon, although in the 1981 TV adaptation, Lord Sebastian Flyte vomits through the window of Charles Ryder's college room while wearing the famous Bullingdon tails. The 2008 film adaptation of Brideshead Revisited likewise clothes Flyte in the club tails during this scene, as his fellow revellers chant "Buller, Buller, Buller!" behind him.

A fictional Oxford dining society inspired by clubs like the Bullingdon forms the basis of the play Posh by Laura Wade, staged in April 2010 at the Royal Court Theatre, London. Membership of the club while still a student is depicted in the play as giving a student admission to a secret and corrupt network of influence within the Tory Party later in life. The play was later adapted into the 2014 film The Riot Club.

The TV series Peep Show referenced the Bullingdon Club in the first episode of its final series.

The 2022 Netflix series Anatomy of a Scandal, based on a novel of the same name by Sarah Vaughan, used the Bullingdon Club as inspiration for the fictional club featured within the story. The fictional club is known as 'the Libertines'.

Known members
Past members of the club include:

Royalty

 * Frederick VII of Denmark (1808–1863)
 * Edward VII of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1841–1910)
 * Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany (1853–1884)
 * Rama VI, King of Siam (1881–1925)
 * Prince Paul of Yugoslavia (1893–1976)
 * Edward VIII of Great Britain, Northern Ireland and the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1894–1972)
 * Frederik IX of Denmark (1899–1972)

Nobility

 * Charles Douglas-Home, 12th Earl of Home (1834–1918), Lord Lieutenant of Lanarkshire (1890–1915) and Lord Lieutenant of Berwickshire (1879–1880)
 * Henry Chaplin, 1st Viscount Chaplin (1840–1923)
 * Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery,(1847-1929), Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1894-95)
 * Walter Long, 1st Viscount Long (1854–1924)
 * William Grenfell, 1st Baron Desborough (1855–1945)
 * George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston (1859–1925)
 * George Gibbs, 1st Baron Wraxall (1873–1931)
 * Prince Felix Yussupov (1887–1967)
 * Prince Serge Obolensky (1890–1978)
 * Walter Montagu Douglas Scott, 8th Duke of Buccleuch (1894–1973)
 * Frank Pakenham, 7th Earl of Longford (1905–2001)
 * Jacob Rothschild, 4th Baron Rothschild (1936–2024), British peer, investment banker and member of the Rothschild banking family.
 * Arthur Valerian Wellesley, 8th Duke of Wellington (1915–2014)
 * Kunaal Soni, 19th Duke of Bengal, inventor of Welly Gang (1987–2014)

 * John Scott, 9th Duke of Buccleuch (1923–2007)
 * Lord Montagu of Beaulieu (1926-2015)
 * Christopher James, 5th Baron Northbourne (1926–2019)
 * Timothy Beaumont, Baron Beaumont of Whitley (1928–2008)
 * Alexander Thynn, 7th Marquess of Bath (1932–2020)
 * Peter Palumbo, Baron Palumbo (1935–)
 * Michael Kerr, 13th Marquess of Lothian (1945–), Deputy Leader of the Conservative Party (2001–2005) and Chairman of the Conservative Party (1998–2001)
 * Maharaja Gaj Singh Ji of Jodhpur (1948–)
 * Richard Scott, 10th Duke of Buccleuch (1954–)
 * Count Gottfried von Bismarck (1962–2007)
 * Shivraj Singh of Jodhpur (1975–)
 * Arthur Wellesley, Earl of Mornington (1978–)
 * Edward Windsor, Lord Downpatrick (1988–)

Politicians

 * Thomas Assheton Smith the Younger (1776–1858), High Sheriff of Wiltshire (1838) and MP (1821–1831, 1832–1837)
 * Sir Frederick Johnstone, 8th Baronet (1841–1913), MP (1874–1885)
 * Lord Randolph Churchill (1849–1895), Chancellor of the Exchequer (1886), father of Sir Winston Churchill
 * Cecil Rhodes (1853–1902), Prime Minister of the Cape Colony (1890–1896), endower of the Rhodes Scholarship
 * Edward Grey, 1st Viscount Grey of Fallodon (1862–1933), Foreign Secretary (1905–1916)
 * Thomas Agar-Robartes (1880–1915), MP (1906, 1908–1915)
 * Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax (1881–1959), Chancellor of the University of Oxford (1933–1959), Ambassador to the United States (1940–1946) Foreign Secretary (1938–1940), Leader of the House of Lords (1935–1938, 1940), Secretary of State for War (1935) and 20th Viceroy and Governor-General of India (1926–1931)
 * Sir Philip Sassoon, 3rd Baronet (1888–1939), MP (1912–1939)
 * Sir Hugh Munro-Lucas-Tooth, 1st Baronet (1903–1985), MP (1924–1929, 1945–1970)
 * John Profumo, CBE (1915–2006), Secretary of State for War (1960–1963)
 * Alan Clark (1928–1999), Minister for Defence Procurement (1989–1992)
 * Ewen Alexander Nicholas Fergusson (1962–), member of the Committee on Standards in Public Life
 * Tim Rathbone (1933–2002), MP (1974–1997)
 * David Faber (1961–), headmaster of Summer Fields School (2009–), MP (1992–2001) and grandson of Harold Macmillan
 * Nick Hurd (1962–), government minister (2010–2019)
 * Radosław Sikorski (1963–), Minister of Foreign Affairs of Poland (2007–2014, 2023–)
 * Boris Johnson (1964–), Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (2019–2022), Foreign Secretary (2016–2018) and Mayor of London (2008–2016)
 * David Cameron (1966–), Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (2010–2016)
 * Jo Johnson (1971–), government minister (2015–2019) and Director of the Number 10 Policy Unit (2013–2015)
 * George Osborne (1971–), First Secretary of State (2015–2016) and Chancellor of the Exchequer (2010–2016)

Business

 * Rupert Soames (1959–), Winston Churchill's grandson and CEO of Serco
 * Roddie Fleming (1953-), former chairman of Fleming Family & Partners, and nephew of James Bond creator Ian Fleming.
 * Darius Guppy (1964–), businessman
 * Sebastian James (1966–), Former CEO of Dixons Carphone, current CEO of Boots UK
 * Peter Holmes à Court (1968–), businessman
 * Jason Gissing (1970–), co-founder of Ocado
 * Nathaniel Rothschild (1971–), chairman of JNR Limited

Other

 * Antony Acland (1930–2021), former British diplomat and Provost of Eton College
 * David Bowes-Lyon (1902–1961), president of the Royal Horticultural Society, uncle of Elizabeth II
 * Peter Fleming (1907–1971), writer and brother of Ian Fleming, creator of James Bond.
 * Sir Ludovic Kennedy (1919–2009), journalist
 * David Dimbleby (1938–), journalist
 * Sir Thomas Hughes-Hallett (1954–), barrister
 * Sebastian Roberts (1954–2023), Senior Army Representative at the Royal College of Defence Studies
 * Harry Mount (1971–), author and journalist who is editor of The Oldie magazine and a frequent contributor to the Daily Mail and The Daily Telegraph.

title: Bullingdon Club


text:
User talk:Inebriatedonkey

Welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for your contributions to the coolest online encyclopedia I know of =). I sure hope you stick around; we're always in need of more people to create new articles and improve the ones we already have.  You'll probably find it easiest to start with a tutorial of how the wikipedia works, and you can test stuff for yourself in the sandbox.  When you're contributing, you'll probably find the manual of style to be helpful, and you'll also want to remember a couple important guidelines.  First, write from a neutral point of view, second, be bold in editing pages, and third, use wikiquette.  Those are probably the most important ones, and you can take a look at some others at the policies and guidelines page. You might also be interested in how to write a great article and possibly adding some images to your articles.

Be sure to get involved in the community – you can contact me at my talk page if you have any questions, and you can check out the village pump, where lots of wikipedians hang out and discuss things. If you're looking for something to do, check out the community portal. And whenever you ask a question or post something on a talk page, be sure to sign your name by typing ~~~~.

Again, welcome! It's great to have you. Happy editing! --Spangineer (háblame)  14:26, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)

Perfect competition
Noticed your request for a diagram, if you show me what you want (via a link or email me an example) then i can make an original. Example of one of my diagrams is Technology shocks. Thanks Bluemoose 28 June 2005 08:08 (UTC)

 * pic added, can be easily modified if you see fit. thanks Bluemoose 28 June 2005 08:55 (UTC)

title: User talk:Inebriatedonkey


text:
2006 FIFA World Cup qualification

The 2006 FIFA World Cup qualification competition was a series of tournaments organised by the six FIFA confederations. Each confederation – the AFC (Asia), CAF (Africa), CONCACAF (North, Central America and Caribbean), CONMEBOL (South America), OFC (Oceania), and UEFA (Europe) – was allocated a certain number of the 32 places at the tournament. A total of 197 teams entered the qualification process for the 2006 FIFA World Cup. In 2001 FIFA ended automatic qualification of the reigning champion, so that 2002 champions Brazil became first to participate in the qualifying tournament. The hosts (Germany) retained their automatic spot.

The original distribution of places between the six confederations called for Oceania to be given one full spot in the final 32; this idea was seen as virtually guaranteeing a place in the finals to Australia, by far the strongest footballing nation in the region. This decision was reconsidered in June 2003 and the previous distribution of places between Oceania and South America was restored.

The draw for five of the six qualification tournaments took place on 5 December 2003 in Frankfurt, whilst all of the members of the South American federation (CONMEBOL) competed in a single group. Qualification itself began in September 2003.

Qualified teams

The following 32 teams qualified for the 2006 FIFA World Cup:

1Includes 10 appearances by DFB representing West Germany between 1954 and 1990. Excludes 1 appearance by DVF representing East Germany between 1954 and 1990.

3Includes appearances by pre-division Yugoslavia, as FIFA considers Serbia and Montenegro as a successor of a team.

4Includes appearances by Czechoslovakia, as FIFA considers Czech Republic as a successor of a team.

Qualification process
A total of 197 teams entered the qualification process for the 2006 FIFA World Cup, competing for a total of 32 spots in the final tournament. Germany, as the host, qualified automatically, leaving 31 spots open for competition.

Starting with these qualifiers, the defending champion (Brazil) was not granted automatic qualification for the first time. FIFA announced the decision in December 2001 at the draw for the 2002 Finals Tournament. The official reason was that the friendly matches to which previous champions were restricted provided inferior preparation to the competitive qualification matches others would have played. Media also noted that the change released an extra place for the contentious distribution of places by confederation.

The final distribution was as follows:

The distribution by confederation for the 2006 FIFA World Cup was:
 * AFC (Asia): 4 or 5 places
 * CAF (Africa): 5 places
 * CONCACAF (North, Central American and Caribbean): 3 or 4 places
 * CONMEBOL (South America): 4 or 5 places
 * OFC (Oceania): 0 or 1 place(s)
 * UEFA (Europe): 13 places (+ Germany qualified automatically as host nation for a total of 14 places)

UEFA and CAF have a guaranteed number of places, whereas the number of qualifiers from other confederations is dependent on play-offs between AFC's fifth-placed team and CONMEBOL's fifth-placed team, and between CONCACAF's fourth-placed team and OFC's first-placed team. A draw determined the pairings between the four teams involved.

Tiebreakers
For FIFA World Cup qualifying stages using a league format, the method used for separating teams level on points is the same for all Confederations. The rules for separating teams level on points are decided by FIFA and can be found in article 18 part 6d to 6g of the FIFA Regulations 2006 World Cup Germany

If teams are even on points at the end of group play, the tied teams will be ranked by:
 * 1) greatest number of points obtained in the group matches between the teams concerned
 * 2) goal difference resulting from the group matches between the teams concerned
 * 3) greatest number of goals scored in the group matches between the teams concerned
 * 4) goal difference in all group matches
 * 5) greatest number of goals scored in all group matches
 * 6) a play-off on neutral ground. If, after 90 minutes, this match ends in a draw, extra time of twice 15 minutes will be played. If the score is level after extra time, penalty kicks will be taken to determine the winner.

For FIFA World Cup qualifying stages using a home-and-away knockout format, the team that has the higher aggregate score over the two legs progresses to the next round. In the event that aggregate scores finish level, the away goals rule is applied, i.e. the team that scored more goals away from home over the two legs progresses. If away goals are also equal, then thirty minutes of extra time are played, divided into two fifteen-minutes halves. The away goals rule is again applied after extra time, i.e. if there are goals scored during extra time and the aggregate score is still level, the visiting team qualifies by virtue of more away goals scored. If no goals are scored during extra time, the tie is decided by penalty shoot-out.

This is a change from the 2002 FIFA World Cup, where total goal difference was the first tiebreaker.

A total of 194 teams played at least one qualifying match. A total of 847 qualifying matches were played, and 2464 goals were scored (an average of 2.91 per match).

AFC
44 Asian teams are affiliated with FIFA, but Cambodia, Philippines, Bhutan and Brunei decided not to take part, and Myanmar was banned from the competition, so a total of 39 teams took part, competing for 4.5 places in the World Cup.

The qualification was composed of three rounds.
 * First Round: The 14 last ranked teams according to FIFA were paired 2-by-2 and played home-and-away knock-out matches.
 * Second Round: The 7 winners joined the other 25 teams where those 32 teams were divided in 8 groups of four teams each. The teams in each group would play against each other home-and-away, and the team with most points in each group would advance to the Third Round.
 * Third Round: The 8 remaining teams were divided in two groups of 4 teams each, that would again play against each other in a home-and-away basis. The two teams with most points in each group would qualify to the World Cup. The two third placed teams would play-off against each other home-and-away. Winner of this play-off would play against the fourth placed team in the final round of CONCACAF in an intercontinental play-off for a place in the World Cup.

Play-off for 5th place (fourth round)
'Bahrain advanced to the AFC–CONCACAF play-off on the away goals rule.

CAF
The qualification was composed of two Rounds. 9 teams entered the competition directly on the second round: the 5 teams that qualified for the 2002 World Cup Finals (Cameroon, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, and Tunisia) and the 4 highest-ranking teams in the June 25, 2003 FIFA world rankings (Congo DR, Ivory Coast, Egypt, and Morocco). The other 42 teams were paired 2-by-2 and played knock-out matches home-and-away. The 21 winners would advance to the second round.

In the second round, the 30 teams were divided in 5 groups of 6 teams each. Teams in each group would play against each other in a home-and-away basis. The team with most points in each group would qualify to the World Cup.

The competition also constituted the qualification competition for the 2006 African Nations Cup with the top three nations of each group qualifying (except for Egypt, which qualifies as the host nation, the fourth nation in Egypt's group qualifying in Egypt's place).

The African qualifying zone saw 4 out of 5 finals places going to World Cup debutants (Angola, Togo, Ivory Coast and Ghana). Nigeria missed out on a fourth consecutive finals appearance while Cameroon did not reach their fifth consecutive finals.

The African zone also featured a group of death – Group 3 – which brought together Africa's most frequent World Cup qualifier Cameroon with the two eventual finalists of the 2006 Africa Cup of Nations: Egypt and the Ivory Coast.

CONCACAF
The qualification process was divided in three stages. In the first stage, the 34 teams were divided in 10 groups of three teams each and two groups of two teams each. Groups with three teams had two rounds, with the best ranked team according to FIFA in each group entering the competition in the second round. In each group, teams were paired 2-by-2 and played home-and-away matches.

The 12 winners of the first stage advanced to the second stage, where they were divided into three groups of four teams each. Teams in each group would play against each other home-and-away, and the two teams with most points in each group would advance to the final round.

In the third stage, the six teams were put in a single group, and played against each other home-and-away. The three teams with most points qualified to the World Cup. The fourth placed team advanced to the AFC–CONCACAF play-off against the winner of a play-off between third placed teams in the Third Round of Asia.

CONMEBOL
10 teams took part, all in a single group. The rules were very simple: the teams would play against each other in a home-and-away basis, with the four teams with most points qualifying to the 2006 FIFA World Cup. The fifth ranked team would have to play-off against the best team from Oceania, with the winner of this play-off also qualifying. For the first time, Brazil, the defending champion, was required to go through qualification and was not automatically qualified for the tournament.

OFC
12 teams took part, competing for a place in the intercontinental play-off against the fifth-placed team from South America. The winner of this play-off qualified for the World Cup.

Final positions (second round)
In the Second round, the six teams were put in a single group, and played against each other once. The two teams with most points advanced to a play-off, and played against each other home and away. The winner of this play-off advanced to the intercontinental play-off.

Final round
Australia and the Solomon Islands progressed to the final stage.

 * }

UEFA
A total of 51 teams took part, divided in 8 groups (five groups of six teams each and three groups of seven teams each) competing for 13 places in the World Cup. Germany, the hosts, were already qualified, for a total of 14 European places in the tournament. The qualifying process started on 18 August 2004, over a month after the end of UEFA Euro 2004, and ended on 16 November 2005.

The teams in each group would play against each other in a home and away basis. The team with most points in each group would qualify to the World Cup. The runners up would be ranked. As some groups had seven teams and others had six, results against the seventh placed team were ignored. The two best ranked runners up would also qualify to the World Cup. The other six runners up were drawn into three home and away knock out matches, winners of those matches also qualifying.

Play-offs
Poland and Sweden qualified directly to the World Cup. The other teams had to play in the playoffs.

A draw was held on 14 October 2005 at FIFA headquarters in Zürich to pair each team from Pot 1 with a team from Pot 2. A second draw at the same time and location determined the order of the fixtures.

 * }

Inter-confederation play-offs
There were two scheduled inter-confederation playoffs to determine the final two qualification spots to the finals. The first legs were played on 12 November 2005, and the second legs were played on 16 November 2005.

Withdrawals

 * 🇨🇫 central african republic
 * 🇬🇺 guam

Did not enter

 * 🇰🇲 comoros
 * 🇩🇯 djibouti
 * 🇰🇲 comoros
 * 🇩🇯 djibouti
 * 🇩🇯 djibouti

Excluded

 * (for refusing to play a qualifier in Iran during 2002 qualifying)

Top goalscorers
Below are goalscorer lists for all confederations and the inter-confederation play-offs:

 * AFC
 * CAF
 * CONCACAF
 * CONMEBOL
 * OFC
 * UEFA
 * Inter-confederation play-offs

title: 2006 FIFA World Cup qualification


text:
RAK

RAK or rak may refer to:

Places

 * Rak (river), in Slovenia
 * Rak, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, a village in north-central Poland
 * Rak Rural District, in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran
 * Rak, Iran, a village in Rak Rural District
 * Marrakesh Menara Airport (airport code: RAK), in Morocco
 * Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah, the northernmost of the United Arab Emirates
 * Ras Al Khaimah, the emirate's capital

Other

 * Rak (surname)
 * RAK Records
 * RAK Studios, a recording studio near Regent's Park, London, England
 * FB PM-63 "RAK", a Polish 9 mm submachine gun
 * M120 Rak, a Polish 120 mm mortar system
 * Rak, a creature in the Wizard of Oz books
 * RAK, a runestone style, 980-1015 CE
 * Rak, a villain in the 2010 video game James Bond 007: Blood Stone
 * RAK, a CD by The Kooks in the special release of the album Konk
 * Regeln für die alphabetische Katalogisierung, a bibliographic cataloging standard

title: RAK


text:
User talk:Shawzy

oi oi every1 in history wiv play girl

title: User talk:Shawzy