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Dan Patrick (politician)

Dan Goeb Patrick (born Dannie Scott Goeb; April 4, 1950) is an American radio talk show host, television broadcaster, and politician. He has been serving as the 42nd lieutenant governor of Texas since January 2015, under Governor Greg Abbott.

Originally from Baltimore, Maryland, Patrick began his career as a radio and television broadcaster. After forming a chain of sports bars and subsequently going bankrupt, he became a radio host again, this time becoming a conservative commentator. From 2007 to 2015, Patrick was a Republican member of the Texas Senate for the 7th District, which included a small portion of the city of Houston and several Houston-area suburbs located mostly in northwest Harris County.

Patrick defeated three-term incumbent David Dewhurst in the primary runoff for lieutenant governor on May 27, 2014. He then won the position in the fall general election. He was re-elected in 2018 and 2022, defeating Democratic nominee Mike Collier.

Early life
Patrick was born Dannie Scott Goeb in Baltimore on April 4, 1950. He was raised in a blue-collar neighborhood in East Baltimore. He is the only child of the former Vilma Jean Marshall (1926–2016) and Charles Anthony Goeb (1926–2002), who worked at The Baltimore Sun for thirty-one years as a newspaper vendor, before he retired in 1984.

Patrick graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in English from the University of Maryland, Baltimore County. He is the first member of his family to graduate from college. After graduating and embarking on a broadcasting career, he changed his name from "Dannie Scott Goeb" to "Dan Goeb Patrick" – informally in 1977 and legally in 2004 – to honor his wife's family and brother-in-law.

Radio and television
Patrick started his first radio job in 1968 at the age of 18. After college, in 1977, he became a television broadcaster at WNEP-TV in Scranton, Pennsylvania. Patrick later held a similar position at WTTG in Washington, D.C., before he became the lead sportscaster with KHOU-TV in Houston.

As a broadcaster, Patrick got attention through various stunts, such as painting himself blue in support for the Houston Oilers and wearing a large cowboy hat. He became the second most popular TV personality in Houston by 1983, as well as one of the most well-known, though surveys also found that he was one of the most disliked. Patrick's public speaking skills caused him to be nicknamed "the Silver-tongued Devil." Patrick left his job at KHOU in the mid-1980s after failing to reach an agreement with Belo Corporation (which bought KHOU-TV in 1984) for a long-term contract.

Sports bar chain
In November 1983, Patrick and several investors opened one of the first sports bars in the U.S., which they named Dan and Nick's Sportsmarket. The bar did well for a time, due to "the strength of Patrick's personality" and an oil boom in Houston at the time, and they eventually took ownership of five sports bars in the city.

When the oil boom of the mid 1980s ended, Houston's economy went into decline and fiscally damaged Patrick's sports bar chain. In 1986, after the sports bars failed, Patrick filed for personal bankruptcy and in October 1992, discharged several hundred thousand dollars of debt obligation. Patrick, who stated it took him 10 years for him and his family "to regain financial equilibrium," has frequently and openly discussed the ordeal and stated how it shaped him as an individual and conservative.

Conservative talk radio host
Following bankruptcy, Patrick reinvented himself as a conservative talk radio host in the 1990s. He began by buying a four-hour timeslot at AM 700 KSEV (then called KTBT) in the summer of 1987. He originally was a sports radio host, operating out of his remaining sports bar. However, he was able to take over the radio station in 1988, and he switched to politics shortly afterward. He hosted a conservative radio talk show. The program, Dan Patrick & Friends, was broadcast in the Houston radio market on KSEV and in Dallas on AM 1160 KVCE. Initially he broadcast under the pseudonym Dan Scott as a radio host, later changing to the current name at the request of his employer to avoid confusion of Patrick with another anchor at a competing station with the last name of Scott.

Patrick grew successful and influential through his talk radio career. He earned high name recognition. As a talk radio host, Patrick advocated for fiscal conservatism, evangelical Christian values on social issues, and he became a vocal opponent of illegal immigration. He was also known as a populist. Patrick's talk radio career was instrumental to his political rise, including his election and influence in the State Senate and his eventual election as lieutenant governor. One notable decision Patrick made as the owner of a talk radio station was to sign relative unknown Rush Limbaugh for airing on KSEV in 1989 via radio syndication. Limbaugh's success as a national talk show host helped increase ratings of Patrick's radio station.

In addition to radio, Patrick anchored The Patrick Report, a half-hour news program which aired on Houston television station KTBU during 2001. Patrick was also general manager of KTBU. By February 2006, Patrick already owned one radio station. In 2006, Patrick signed a deal to purchase radio station KMGS AM 1160 in Highland Park, Texas (now KBDT). By 2013, Patrick was the majority owner of two radio stations, in Houston and Dallas radio markets. Patrick continued broadcasting after his election as a State Senator, and he continued to own KSEV after his election as lieutenant governor.

Other
In November 2008, Patrick began work to produce The Heart of Texas, a movie based on a real-life story of two families in Simonton, a small Houston-area city. The movie was released the next year on DVD.

Patrick proposed a boycott of Bill Maher's television show Politically Incorrect over controversial statements made by the comedian following the 9/11 terrorist attacks. Patrick is also frequently at odds with the Houston Chronicle and announced a boycott of that newspaper in April 2004. He owned a blog called Chronically Biased, which criticized the newspaper.

Early political career
Patrick first considered running for the United States House of Representatives in 2004.

Texas Senate
Patrick was first elected to Texas State Senate's seventh district in 2006, winning the primary election with 68.8% of the vote and the general election with 69.2% of the vote. His term began on January 9, 2007, with the convening of the Eightieth Texas Legislature.

In the 2010 general election, Patrick was reelected with 86.4% of the vote. He also endorsed Rick Perry for re-election in the 2010 election. Soon after winning re-election, Patrick announced, and subsequently created, a Tea Party Caucus in the Texas state legislature, which at its creation had 48 legislative members.

Patrick obtained passage of three Senate bills during his first session. In the Senate, Patrick actively advocated for a "fiercely conservative agenda." At the time, few of his proposals passed.

W. Gardner Selby, editor of the Austin American-Statesman's "PolitiFact Texas", listed Patrick as third among the top 10 Republican political influencers in Texas. Patrick is also listed in Texas Monthly as one of the state's most powerful players.

During his first month as a legislator, Patrick introduced legislation to make abortion in Texas illegal should the U.S. Supreme Court overturn Roe v. Wade.

In May 2012, acrimony between Patrick and fellow Republican state senator John Carona was widely reported throughout Texas. In an email exchange, Patrick accused Carona of spreading false rumors about Patrick's marriage. Carona denied that, and additionally denied having commented on Patrick's sexuality. Carona further said to Patrick: "I've never been shy about sharing my dislike and distrust of you. Put bluntly, I believe you are a snake oil salesman, a narcissist that would say anything to draw attention to himself." News reports suggested the feud was motivated by positioning to succeed David Dewhurst as lieutenant governor should Dewhurst have won a seat as U.S. senator in 2012.

Committee assignments

 * Committee on Education (Chair)
 * Committee on Criminal Justice
 * Committee on Finance
 * Committee on Health & Human Services
 * Committee on Intergovernmental Relations
 * Committee on Finance
 * Subcommittee on Fiscal Matters
 * Subcommittee on Public Education Funding
 * Subcommittee on Higher Education Funding

2014 campaign
On June 26, 2013, Patrick announced he would challenge incumbent David Dewhurst in the Republican primary for lieutenant governor in 2014. This challenge came despite Patrick's enthusiastic endorsement of Dewhurst in his failed 2012 bid for the U.S. Senate. Patrick stated that while he had been planning on retiring from politics after his Senate term ended, he decided to run for lieutenant governor after Dewhurst failed to end fellow State Senator Wendy Davis's filibuster of Texas Senate Bill 5 and after Senator Jane Nelson refused to run herself.

Patrick led the four-candidate field in the primary with 550,769 votes (41.5%). Dewhurst followed with 376,196 (28.3%); Staples, with 235,981 (17.8%), and Patterson, 165,787 (12.5%). Election watchers did not expect Patrick to get first place. In the runoff election on May 27, Patrick won with 487,829 votes (65.1%), defeating Dewhurst, who had 262,086 votes (34.9%). Patrick's victory was one of several notable primary victories by Tea Party movement-aligned Republicans in the election runoff.

According to Ross Ramsey of The Texas Tribune, Patrick did not shift to the political middle as the general election approached, contrary to what political candidates typically do. On November 4, 2014, Patrick won the general election against his state Senate colleague, Democrat Leticia Van de Putte of San Antonio, to become the lieutenant governor-elect of Texas. He was swept into office in a Republican landslide that saw the party retain all statewide elected offices for the fifth consecutive election.

2018 campaign
On January 9, 2017, the day before the 85th Texas Legislature began its session, Patrick announced he would run for re-election in 2018. He stated his early announcement was in order to dispel rumors that he would challenge Governor Greg Abbott or U.S. Senator Ted Cruz. Patrick easily won the Republican primary on March 6, 2018, defeating Rockwall City Council Member Scott Milder.

In addition to his own campaign, Patrick was active in endorsing and assisting Republican primary candidates in the Texas Senate, including some challengers to GOP incumbents. Patrick's favored candidates won nearly all the races where Patrick made intraparty endorsements. Later in the year, Patrick donated nearly $175,000 to Texas Senate candidate Pete Flores in a special election; Flores won the election in an upset, increasing Patrick's chances of keeping a three-fifths GOP majority in the Senate after the 2018 elections. Patrick succeeded in maintaining a three-fifths majority in the Senate, though Republican Senator Kel Seliger was considered a possible swing-vote.

In the November 6 general election, Patrick won re-election to a second term,   defeating Democratic challenger Mike Collier. He won about 51% of the vote against Collier's 46%.

2022 campaign
In the 2022 general election, Patrick again defeated Democratic challenger Mike Collier, winning about 53.8% of the vote to Collier's 43.5%, with an over 826,000 margin.

On January 25, 2023, Patrick told The Texan's reporter McKenzie DiLullo that he would be running for reelection in 2026.

Tenure
Patrick was sworn in on January 20, 2015. Soon after assuming office, the Texas Senate voted to drop the threshold needed to consider a bill from two-thirds to three-fifths, something that Patrick had long supported. Under Patrick, the Senate enforced procedural rules that had long been ignored.

Major legislation that Patrick helped pass during his tenure as lieutenant governor include legalization of campus carry and open carry, a bill allowing pastors to refuse marrying couples if it violates their beliefs, and expanded border security and enforcement measures.

Patrick made legislation prohibiting state or local governments from issuing subpoenas on pastors' sermons a priority in the 2017 session. Governor Abbott signed the bill into law on May 21, 2017.

Patrick made legislation requiring the U.S. national anthem at state-funded events a priority for the 2021 session, along with legislation to protect "election integrity" in Texas. Otherwise, Patrick assumed a low-key profile at the beginning of the legislative session. Following the regular 2021 session, The New York Times described Patrick and Governor Abbott as "the driving force behind one of the hardest right turns in recent state history," with Patrick the more conservative of the two. According to the Houston Chronicle, Patrick "uniquely grasped and wielded the power of the growing right-wing movement in Texas," allowing him to become influential in the state.

During his tenure as lieutenant governor, Patrick became influential in Texas Republican politics. He actively endorsed candidates in the 2022 Republican primaries for the Texas Senate, something described as "unusual" for a lieutenant governor. He reportedly had an influential role in former president Donald Trump's endorsements in Texas elections.

Following a March 7, 2023, guest lecture by Texas A&M professor Dr. Joy Alonzo at University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) that suggested that the Patrick administration's policies on the opioid crisis had led to more opioid deaths, Patrick's office contacted Texas A&M chancellor John Sharp about Alonzo. Alonzo was placed on administrative leave immediately, and was formally censured by UTMB. The investigation by Texas A&M found no evidence of wrongdoing, and Dr. Alonzo's leave was ended two weeks later. Patrick defended his conduct in an August 2, 2023, op-ed in the Houston Chronicle.

Abortion
Patrick opposes abortion and authored Texas' "Mandatory Ultrasound Bill", a bill signed into law in May 2011 by Governor Perry, which requires women seeking abortion to have a sonogram of the fetus taken at least twenty-four hours before the abortion is performed. Patrick purported that the bill might stop more than 15,000 abortions annually with an estimated goal of eliminating one in five abortions. Regarding his estimation, Patrick stated the following: "There's no other piece of legislation anywhere else in the country that has that kind of impact... I don't take credit for it. It's God's hands."

Patrick's Mandatory Ultrasound Bill was initially halted by an injunction issued in Zurawski v. State of Texas, a legal challenge headed by the New York-based Center for Reproductive Rights. On January 10, 2012, the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit ruled in Texas' favor and the law was allowed to take effect.

Patrick opposes abortion in cases of incest and rape. In January 2014, when he was asked about exceptions to outlawing abortion, Patrick said, "The only exception would be if the life of the mother was truly in danger…but that is rare."

Education
Patrick supports increasing the number of charter schools in the state.

In February 2011, Patrick, who at the time was vice chairman of the Texas senate's Committee on Education, spoke in favor of cutting an unspecified number of non-teaching positions from the state's public school districts, citing positions such as "math department supervisors" or "curriculum experts". At the time, Patrick cited a statistic later determined to be misleading by PolitiFact that Texas's 1,200+ public school districts, considered as a group, are the fifth-largest employer in the world.

Patrick has supported placing creationism within the public school curriculum in Texas, despite court rulings that such a policy would violate the First Amendment to the United States Constitution.

In 2019, Patrick pushed to increase Texas teachers' paychecks by $5,000.

In 2021, Patrick supported legislation to prevent public schools from requiring that students read writings by prominent civil rights figures, such as Susan B. Anthony, Cesar Chavez, and Martin Luther King Jr., when covering women’s suffrage and the civil rights movement in social studies classes.

In 2022, Patrick pledged to end tenure for new hires at Texas public universities. He also said that he intended to revoke tenure for faculty who teach critical race theory.

Gun laws
Patrick generally supports gun rights.

In 2019, Patrick called for requiring background checks for gun sales between two strangers. Patrick later backed away from this position, instead throwing his support behind legislation to expand gun rights, including constitutional carry.

Illegal immigration
Patrick opposes illegal immigration. As a talk radio host, he reserved some of his "most hard-edged oratory for illegal immigrants." Patrick expressed support for Arizona's SB 1070 immigration enforcement law, and supports passing a similar law in Texas that would allow local law enforcement to ask lawfully-stopped individuals about their immigration status and would make it a state misdemeanor to be present in Texas as an illegal immigrant. Questions arose during the 2014 lieutenant governor's race about the immigration status of one of Patrick's employees, Miguel "Mike" Andrade. Patrick and Andrade offered different recollections about Andrade's employment. The matter was raised by one of Patrick's opponents, Jerry Patterson, who questioned Patrick's declared commitment to halt illegal immigration.

As Lieutenant Governor, Patrick moved to keep National Guard troops sent to the Texas-Mexico border during the illegal immigration surge of 2014 indefinitely, rather than until March 2015, as originally planned. Patrick's 2015 budget in the Texas Senate called for spending $815 million on border security, which he said was more than the previous seven years combined. Governor Greg Abbott signed the measure—for about $800 million—into law. In a June 2018 interview on Fox Business Network, Patrick estimated that 30 million illegal immigrants lived in the U.S.

LGBT rights
In 2014, after a federal court ruled that Texas' ban on same-sex marriage was unconstitutional, Patrick expressed his opposition to same-sex marriage, and vowed to fight such court decisions should he be elected to the Lt. Governor's office. He argued that if the state ban was removed, then it would lead to the legalization of bigamy, pedophilia and incest.

Patrick strongly opposed HERO, an unsuccessful Houston ordinance intended to establish legal protections for gay and transgender residents along with some other classes, as he claimed that the ordinance would lead to sexual predators being freely able to enter women's restrooms. He has stated that if necessary, he would support legislation to require people to use the bathroom that corresponds to the gender listed on their birth certificates.

Hours after the 2016 Orlando nightclub shooting, Patrick tweeted a picture of the Bible verse, "Do not be deceived: God cannot be mocked. A man reaps what he sows. Galatians 6:7." An adviser released a statement that the tweet had been pre-scheduled, and it was later deleted. He issued a statement on the incident, again stating that the tweet was pre-planned and that "I didn't pull down the FB post & tweet because God's word is wrong. His word is never wrong ... I took it down to stop the hateful comments and the misinformation being spread of God's message to all of us- straight or gay."

In May 2016, Patrick criticized the Obama administration after it released a directive stating that all public schools must allow transgender students to use the bathroom and locker facilities that correspond with their identified gender, stating that, on the prospect of the federal government withholding funding for Texas schools for not following the directive, "he can keep his 30 pieces of silver [and that w]e will not yield to blackmail from the president of the United States." In 2017, Patrick strongly advocated for a bathroom bill that would prohibit transgender students at public schools from using any restroom other than that of their biological sex. Patrick described the legislation as a "legislative priority." Patrick encouraged state Senator Lois Kolkhorst of Brenham to introduce a bathroom bill similar to a previous law adopted in 2016 in North Carolina, and strongly pushed for it at its proposal on January 5, 2017. Texas House Speaker Joe Straus of San Antonio, a moderate Republican, said that the measure is not an important matter for lower chamber.

In April 2019, Patrick called Democratic presidential candidate Beto O'Rourke "light in the loafers", a slur often used to insinuate someone as gay, though O'Rourke is heterosexual. He also called O'Rourke a "moron." Patrick later stated that while he stood by his comments, the insinuation was unintentional.

Voting rights
In 2020, Patrick referred to vote-by-mail expansion efforts during the COVID-19 pandemic as a "scam by Democrats to steal the election."

In 2021, Patrick presided over the passage of legislation in the Texas Senate that restricted voting rights, including prohibiting local boards from sending applications for mail-in ballots to voters.

In 2022, Patrick's campaign sent out a mass mailing to Republican voters across Texas with inaccurate instructions on how to send requests for absentee ballots. The mailing included return envelopes that were addressed to the Texas secretary of state's address when they should have been to local election offices. Patrick's campaign defended the inaccurate instructions, saying it "gave voters an added layer of comfort" not to have to mail sent to "Blue County election officials."

Cannabis
In 2019, Patrick opposed a bill that would have decriminalized simple possession of cannabis in Texas. After the Texas House passed the bill, he announced that it was dead on arrival in the Senate.

In 2021, during an interview, Patrick expressed that he was open to some medical cannabis changes, while he downplayed the more ambitious efforts. He said: "We're not gonna turn this into California where anybody can get a slip from a doctor and go down to some retail store and say 'You know, I got a headache today so I need marijuana,' because that's just a veil for legalizing it for recreational use."

Domestic partner benefits
In November 2012, Patrick asked then-Texas attorney general Greg Abbott's office to issue an opinion on the constitutionality of government entities providing domestic partner insurance benefits. An amendment to the Texas Constitution in 2005 limits marriage to heterosexual relationships and prohibits similar, alternative legal arrangements. Patrick did not disclose his own views on same-sex marriage or civil unions for same-sex couples. He told the Houston Chronicle that his request was prompted by Dallas County's November 2012 decision and an Austin-area public school districts' October 2012 decision to join other Texas cities and counties in extending benefits to their unmarried employees' heterosexual or homosexual partners.

Statutory rape laws
Patrick was interviewed extensively on ABC's 20/20 segment "The Age of Consent: When Young Love Is a Sex Crime," defending his position on the strict Texas statutory rape laws. "While it seems unfair, he was 19, she was 15," says Patrick, "That's the price you pay. Even if you end up getting married."

Confederate monuments
Patrick is a strong supporter of maintaining Confederate monuments on public display, despite opposition from civil rights groups who consider the statues as a defense of the institution of slavery and of the Civil War. As one of six members of the board that oversees the Texas State Capitol grounds, Patrick described the need: "to learn from history all of our history, including events and times that many would like to forget. ... Our goal should be to have a meaningful dialogue for future generations so those moments in our history are not repeated."

COVID-19 pandemic
In an interview with Fox News host Tucker Carlson on March 23, 2020, Patrick stated that he was willing to risk his life from the COVID-19 pandemic if it would avoid an economic shutdown, which he stated would negatively impact subsequent generations. Patrick also stated that he thought many grandparents agreed with him on this. Patrick later moderated his rhetoric while continuing to show skepticism of shutting down the economy.

Patrick worked to increase access to hydroxychloroquine, an unproven drug to treat the coronavirus which President Trump promoted. On April 7, 2020, Patrick announced the creation of a task force to make recommendations on how to re-open Texas's economy.

Patrick again garnered controversy on April 21, when he defended his previous comments on the pandemic by saying "And what I said when I was with you that night, there are more important things than living. And that's saving this country for my children, and my grandchildren and saving this country for all of us. And I don't want to die, nobody wants to die, but man, we got to take some risks and get back in the game, and get this country back up and running."

In May 2020, Patrick paid a $7,000 fine imposed on a Dallas businesswoman after she defied Texas's lockdown orders in order to keep her hair salon open. He said, "Seven days in jail, no bail and a $7,000 fine is outrageous."

Video games
After the 2019 El Paso shooting, Patrick listed factors that he believed contributed to the shooting, starting off with video games, saying, "We've always had guns, always had evil, but I see a video game industry that teaches young people to kill."

Donald Trump
Patrick endorsed Texas Senator Ted Cruz for the 2016 Republican presidential primaries and served as his Texas campaign chairman. After Donald Trump became the Republican nominee, Patrick endorsed him and eventually became the Texas state chairman for his campaign. Trump won Texas by 9 percentage points, the closest result since 1996. In January 2018, Patrick stated that he considered Presidents Trump and Ronald Reagan as the two greatest presidents in his lifetime, and the Austin American-Statesman described Patrick as an "ardent defender" of Trump.

At a political rally for President Trump on October 17, 2019, Patrick told a crowd of 20,000 that liberals "are not our opponents, they are our enemy."

After Joe Biden won the 2020 election and Trump made false claims of fraud, Patrick backed Trump as he refused to concede. Patrick said he would pay up to $1 million for reports of voter fraud across the country. In October 2021, Patrick paid the first reward of $25,000 to a Pennsylvania poll worker who reported a man that voted twice.

Personal life
Patrick's first marriage ended in divorce. His second wife is Janetlea "Jan" Patricia Rankin, a former teacher. The couple was married in 1975 and lives in the Houston suburb of Cypress. They have two children, Ryan and Shane. Ryan served as a district judge from Harris County, Texas, and swore his father into office as the lieutenant governor in 2015. In July 2017, Ryan Patrick was chosen to be U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of Texas by U.S. President Donald Trump, and the United States Senate subsequently confirmed him.

Religious views
While growing up, Patrick and his family were "not very religious." After moving to Houston, he and his wife attended a Catholic church, but he joined a Baptist church soon after learning about it. Though Patrick was a member of the Second Baptist Church Houston since 1992, he stated he was not truly a Christian until March 1994, when, on a television-and-radio convention in Las Vegas, he repented of his sins, committed his life to God, and was saved. After this, Patrick's faith became an important part of his life, and he considered going into Christian ministry for a time.

Patrick, an evangelical Christian, is a member of various Christian organizations, including Fellowship of Christian Athletes and the International Bible Society, and has served as guest pastor of his church, the Second Baptist Church Houston. He is very outspoken about his Christian faith, and he stated in his inauguration speech upon becoming lieutenant governor that "I respect all faiths and religions, but I am a Christian first, a conservative second and a Republican third, and I praise Jesus for this moment and this day." Patrick was baptized in the Jordan River during a trip to Israel in 2016.

Works

 * Patrick, Dan (2002). The Second Most Important Book You Will Ever Read: A Personal Challenge to Read the Bible, Publisher: Thomas Nelson, Inc., ISBN 0-7852-6286-5
 * The Heart of Texas (film). Heart Of Texas The Movie. Dan Patrick, Executive Producer. 2009 Plaid Shirt Pictures and Media Tech, Inc.

title: Dan Patrick (politician)


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Account aggregation

Account aggregation sometimes also known as financial data aggregation is a method that involves compiling information from different accounts, which may include bank accounts, credit card, payroll accounts, investment accounts, and other consumer or business accounts, into a single place. This may be provided through connecting via an API to the financial institution or provided through "screen scraping" where a user provides the requisite account-access information for an automated system to gather and compile the information into a single page. The security of the account access details as well as the financial information is key to users having confidence in the service.

The database either resides in a web-based application or in client-side software. While such services are primarily designed to aggregate financial information, they sometimes also display other things such as the contents of e-mail boxes and news headlines.

Account Aggregator System
Account aggregator system is a data-sharing system, which helps lenders to conduct an easy and speedy assessment of the creditworthiness of the borrower.

Components of Account Aggregator system
The Account Aggregator system essentially has three important components –

 * Financial Information Provider (FIP)
 * Financial Information User (FIU)
 * Account Aggregators

Financial Information Providers has the necessary data about the customer, which it provides to the Financial Information Users. The Financial Information Provider can be a bank, a Non-Banking Financial Company (NBFC), mutual fund, insurance repository, pension fund repository, or even your wealth supervisor. The account aggregators act as the intermediary by collecting data from FIPs that hold the customer’s financial data and share that with FIUs such as lending banks/agencies that provide financial services.

History
The ideas around account aggregation first emerged in the mid 1990s when banks started releasing Internet banking applications.

In the late 1990s services helped users to manage their money on the Internet (typical desktop alternatives include Microsoft Money, Intuit Quicken etc.) in an easy-to-use manner wherein they got functionalities like single password, one-click access to current account data, total net worth and expense analysis.

Initial setback
One of the first major account aggregation services was Citibank's My Accounts service, though this service ended in late 2005 without explanation from Citibank. Much has been said in the financial services and banking industry as to the benefits of account aggregation – principally the customer and web site loyalty it might generate for providers – but the lack of responsibility and commitment by the providers is one reason for skepticism about committing to those same providers.

New applications
Account aggregation evolved with single sign-on (SSO) at most major banks such as Bank of America. With SSO (usually implemented via SAML) major financial institutions are now expanding their aggregation services into new areas. Rich Presentment (getting all the information about a bill that you owe) is a service that uses aggregation extensively and can be seen at AOL, using AOL Bill Pay. Aggregation also powers applications such as funds transfer, new account opening, card-based bill pay and so on.

Independent financial advisers
Independent financial advisers are another group on which account aggregators began focusing their attention. Having seen increasing competition from the other different financial advisers, positioning themselves as their client's primary advisor was not as easy as it once was.

Open banking
Starting in 2015 developments such as open banking made it easier for third parties to access bank transaction data and introduced standard API and security models.

Income and Employment verification
By integrating data from bank accounts, payroll systems and other financial sources, account aggregation provides a holistic picture of a borrower’s financial situation and verification of employment. By leveraging the technology, lenders can meet the rigorous standards set by entities like Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, ensuring compliance while benefiting from increased operational efficiency.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Account aggregation


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Talk:Baby Bash

Biography assessment rating comment
WikiProject Biography Assessment Drive

The article may be improved by following the WikiProject Biography 11 easy steps to producing at least a B article. -- Yamara 02:09, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

Anybody know Baby Bash's REAL name??? --128.54.184.100 06:33, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

Ronald Ray Bryant! JTZegers (talk) 03:46, 25 April 2020 (UTC)

Real name
Birth name currently listed as "Brett Fast" and "Ronnie Ray Bryant" - this needs to be rectified. Liner notes on latest CD "Cyclone" lists his birth name as "Ronald Bryant"

Charity drives?
This is my first time in Wikipedia, but perhaps someone should include Baby Bash helping out West Valley High School in Hemet, California. I mean that on February 27,2007 there was a basketball game between 99.1 KGGI and the West Valley Basketball Team. It was said that Baby Bash was at the game. At the time I am writing this it has just occured. Apparently, he was there to draw the masses to the basketball game, for funding for West Valley High School.

Italian father?
The article says his father is "anglo American" but the link provided says he is "Italian Mexican", mistake in article guess? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.35.34.108 (talk • contribs) 05:39, 4 March 2008 (UTC)

baby bash's names
baby bash or if you prefer baby beesh birth name was Ronnie Ray Bryant than he changed it to baby beesh then it was baby bash —Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.37.168.92 (talk • contribs) 21:48, 29 June 2008 (UTC)

The article USED to say that his mother was Mexican and his father was Anglo. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.254.55.68 (talk) 05:41, 3 August 2009 (UTC)

Date de naissance
Il n'est pas né en 1969 mais en 1975, donc il a 35ans et non 41. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.192.89.45 (talk) 15:32, 15 September 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
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Birthday controversy
Hi, the first paragraph says Baby Bash was born in 1975 and I see that there has been some back and forth on the page about which year is correct. I'd like to point out that the linked sourced for the published 1969 information goes to a California website that says he was born in 1975. I believe it should be 1975. Anyone else see a 1969 source?

Thanks, Yungli0n (talk) 03:42, 12 August 2022 (UTC)Yungli0n

 * Hi, me again. I see this page now says Baby Bash was born in 1981. Why does he keep getting younger? Most websites say 1975 but none really seem official (Famous Birthdays and the like). I still think he was born in 1975. I will look for interviews to see if he every mentions his age. Yungli0n (talk) 16:08, 12 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Bash was born in 1969 not 1981 not 1975 69 he’s 54 he has three kids 2 boys one girl and a stepdaughter and has a girlfriend he’s been dating since 1991 2601:14D:4B01:1DF0:1CC0:6BE:2240:6A6C (talk) 23:36, 22 February 2024 (UTC)
 * And he’s a grandfather to his stepdaughter child 2601:14D:4B01:1DF0:1CC0:6BE:2240:6A6C (talk) 23:42, 22 February 2024 (UTC)

Sons and Girlfriend Jennifer
The source for the claim "Bryant has 2 sons, a daughter and a step daughter with long time girlfriend Jennifer" says he has one kid, and does not mention anyone named Jennifer. Should this be removed? Amiiform (talk) 03:46, 9 March 2024 (UTC)
 * ✅. Thanks for the note. Binksternet (talk) 08:30, 9 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Baby Bash


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Talk:Joint Security Area (film)

Plot
Added a bit more to the actual plot of the film. I hate including spoilers so I did not include the 'twist' or anything

about the ending...
i liked it but i didnt quite get the ending, what was that photo at the end about? why'd he smile? - seemed unfitting to me —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 172.174.252.49 (talk) 03:19, 11 February 2007 (UTC).

You realise this is the photo taken by the tourist after Sgt. OH returns the red hat which had blown across the border?

The photo just shows them at a happier time, all together and yet devided by their country/duty. It shows Sgt. LEE trying to protect Sgt. OH from having his photo taken, which reflects Sgt. LEE's actions in the movie, protecting Sgt. OH. The Muss (talk) 16:21, 2 October 2008 (UTC)

What most probably missed...
What is key to notice is the inconsistencies. Like the zoom in on the polished shoes of Sgt. Lee Soo-hyeok (Byung-hun Lee), noticing how Nam Sung-shik (Tae-woo Kim) earlier had had that as a mannerism (yes a common feature in the military) -That nods towards something being wrong about who was who or the bullet or thirdly who even had the pistol in the first place. Noting that he could draw, which is an artistic feature and often mastered by those who spend much time on that craft it should suggest it is indeed misstaken personality - that as nod about the picture of their girlfriends in the guardpost. That together leads to one thought about whom shot first and implicates that one posed as the other in the gunfight and that it didn't play out as it was shown to do (because of quick to draw) - but it doesn't exclude other possible cause of events (as in Sgt. Oh Kyeong-pil shooting the third NK solider when he didn't back down if he had the pistol in question and were faster to react)... Thanking Sgt. Oh Kyeong-pil (Kang-ho Song) and the soldier specifying he could get hanged for doing so, has to do with showing respect for actions by Sgt. Oh Kyeong-pil (probably for saving face). Note is to be done with him and his saying about composure and bravery to win battles.

The probable cause of events that is suggested at but remains hidden is that Sgt. Oh Kyeong-pil (Kang-ho Song) dismantled the situation (note how Sgt. Lee Soo-hyeok reacted to being in another stressfull situation, mine) after it had gotten out of hand, to avoid a possible war (note the early reassurance by Pyo that a shooting between guards wouldn't cause a war while the movie stresses how they are on the absolute frontline). Neither sides wants a war, one side creates less havoc that can lead up to one. This also implies that blood is thicker than water, that the 4 Koreans created a bond that was stronger that the two different Korean nationalities, also denoting why it was key to protect the truth (politically senitive information that wasn't ready to come out). — Preceding unsigned comment added by 78.73.31.212 (talk) 00:28, 3 August 2020 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Jsa.movist.jpg
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BetacommandBot (talk) 23:50, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Trivia Section
The fact about the movie being given to Kim Jong-il could be moved to the Significance section. 76.88.175.235 (talk) 09:27, 17 September 2008 (UTC)

Explanation for Incomplete tag
Per WP:RESPTAG, I will now explain why I added an incomplete tag to the Plot section:

I watched this film a couple of years ago, and though I can't remember exactly what happened in it, I'm pretty sure the plot summary here is withholding the ending of the film under the misapprehension that Wikipedia can't give spoilers. If I recall correctly, the ending reveals that the North and South Koreans were actually friends and they visited each other fairly regularly. But I can't remember why it was that the shooting happened. たろ人 (talk) 23:43, 24 August 2009 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Joint Security Area (film)


text:
Wannagan Creek site

The Wannagan Creek site is a fossil site found just west of the South Unit of Theodore Roosevelt National Park of North Dakota, US. The site is Paleocene in age, approximately 60 million years old. Paleontologists of the Science Museum of Minnesota have studied the site for nearly thirty years. The site is thought to represent a paleoenviroment of subtropical swampy lowland and forests. Preservation is excellent for both the flora and fauna of the site. Trace fossils of crocodilians and other vertebrates have also been discovered.

Topography/Geology
The topography of the site is that of a badland, due to the downcutting of the Little Missouri River. The rock units are likely sediments derived from the Laramide orogeny deposited in an ecosystem dominated by rivers, streams, ponds, lakes, and swamps.

The Wannagan Site is found in the upper portion of the Tongue River Formation (formerly Bullion Creek Formation). The rocks of this deposit, reaching a thickness of over 60 m, consist of yellow to tan, poorly lithified claystones, mudstones, and siltstones with a lesser amounts of interbedded fine-grained sandstones and lignite. The site is overlain by the Sentinel Butte Formation. This formation is generally gray to brown in color but is similar in lithology to the Tongue River. The Sentinel Butte is roughly 90 m thick. The contact between the two formations is roughly 6 m above the site. The Sentinel Butte contains an extensive stump-bearing petrified wood bed above the contact at the site.

Fauna
Many mammals are found at Wannagan. All are small compared to modern mammals, the largest being sheep-sized. Preserved mammals include a squirrel-like primitive primate and Ptilodus, an arboreal multituberculate. The largest mammal at the site is the condylarth herbivore Phenacodus. An additional mammal fossil is Protictis, a weasel sized member of Viverridae that may have hunted on the forest floor.

Reptiles are the dominant animal type preserved at Wannagan. The largest animal (~4 meters [13 ft] in length) found at the site is the eusuchian crocodilian Borealosuchus formidabilis (formerly known as Leidyosuchus formidabilis). B. formidabilis is also thought to be the apex predator of the fauna. The second largest reptile is the champsosaur Champsosaurus gigas. C. gigas is unusual among Paleocene reptiles in that it is larger than its known Mesozoic ancestors: 3 meters (10 ft) in length versus 1.5 meters (4.5 ft) for the largest Cretaceous champsosaurs. Reptiles as a whole decreased in size after the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event. Other reptiles include soft-shelled turtles, varanid lizards, a small alligatorid called Wannaganosuchus, palaeophid snakes, and the snapping turtle-like Protochelydra zangerli.

Birds from Wannagan include an ibis, an unnamed water bird, and a plover-like shore bird. The two types amphibians found at Wannagan are the giant salamander Piceorpeton willwoodense and frogs. Fish include fossil Esox, freshwater rays, gar, and bowfin. Additionally, the dragonfly Gomphaeschna schrankii and the mayfly Ephemeropteran have been found.

Flora
The flora of Wannagan is quite well preserved in some cases, with evidence of insect feeding found on many fossils. Most of the fossils have modern equivalents. The list of trees at Wannagan Creek include palms, ginkgo trees, bald cypress, dogwoods, oaks, elms, fig trees, magnolias, dawn redwoods, hackberries, sassafras, sycamores, cherries, mulberries, and cycads. Additional plants found at the site are grape vines, lotus, bur-reeds, cattails, and water-plantago.

title: Wannagan Creek site


text:
Talk:Haunted (Palahniuk novel)

Guts actually happened recently
http://wcco.com/topstories/local_story_185085504.html It was a girl, but it was the exact same accident.

Really a novel?
Haunted is actually a novel, in the form of a series of stories told by the characters in the frame-tale; not exactly an anthology. (My copy even says "Haunted / A Novel" on the front cover, unlike the cover image on the main page.)
 * Updated to reflect that. I don't know if I described it very clearly, though all of the actual information is correct. Hopefully if it's confusing someone familliar with the novel can edit what I wrote.

19 characters?
Aren't there technically 20 characters -- the nineteen at the retreat plus the first-person narrator who never reveals his or her identity?

 * The narrator is a collective representation of all of the characters (notice it refers to itself as "we", not I). It is not a seperate person, or that person would have been mentioned. -- LGagnon 02:33, 17 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Understood. And incidentally, thanks for the clarification.

 * What about the cat? Bongout (talk) 00:55, 29 February 2008 (UTC)

Character Identification
1) Isn't Director Denial actually Cora Reynolds? I was under the impression that she was, given the parole bracelet she wears, and the fact that she's described as mousey, not the red-headed bombshell who was the commander.

 * I was under that impression too, but isn't it Countess Foresight who wore the parole bracelet? I may be wrong, it's been a while since I read the novel.

2) Also, Jensen is NOT the Reverend Godless. While the short story he tells centers on that character, it also mentions that the Reverend is actually the guy who loaded the explosives on the plane: Rev. Godless is the mastermind and the only survivor of the anti-religion activists. It's also fairly explicit that Jensen died.

I don't believe it ever clearly says Cora kills herself. It hints at it, but it also hints that Director Denial is Cora. Should be changed to reflect this.--209.243.31.233 (talk) 23:38, 20 February 2008 (UTC)

Was Countess Forsight really psychic?
The way I interpretted it, the fact that the foetus was really a doll indicated that her visions were hallucinations and that she truly was suffering from psychosis.

edit: the book stated that she was psychically sensitive but not always right. Insinuating that sometimes she was. Butts. - Agent Dark

Miss Sneezy
The short stories are stories by the characters, they're not told from an omniscient point of view. So they're not necessarily all true. If Miss Sneezy's account of her life was accurate, then everyone she met would've died from the Keegan virus long before they had to deal with starvation, etc. Her tale of isolation and meeting the one man she's capable of loving tells us a lot about her state of mind, but very little about her state of health. (Unless she was cured prior to her escape, which would make her daring underwater escape pointless.) --VAcharon 23:15, 9 November 2006 (UTC)

 * If Miss Sneezy's account of her life was accurate, then everyone she met would've died from the Keegan virus long before they had to deal with starvation, etc.

Not necessarily. At the very bottom of page 369 in my book, it says "The day it [virus] hit the right viral load or blood-serum level, the people around us started to die." Since they've locked Sneezy up, they aren't sure if she is even contageous still. It could very well be that the disease is only "active" for a very short moment, when all is perfectly aligned, then never to be active again. -Holley

Guess what! Nobody cares.

uh..actually, people care. it's relevant.

Favorable Quotes
-- In feng shui, they never let on, but just by putting a bed in the wrong spot, you can focus enough chi to kill a person. p 30

-- To create a race of masters from a race of slaves, Mr. Whittier said, to teach a controlled group of people how to create their own lives, Moses had to be an asshole. p 42

-- ...a shadow of a reflection of an image of an illusion. p 47

-- Really, there is no wrong. Not in our own minds. Our own reality. You can never set off to do the wrong thing. You can never say the wrong thing. In your own mind, you are always right. Every action you take -- what you do or say or how you choose to appear -- is automatically right the moment you act. p 60

-- Even when you say, "I'm such an idiot, I'm so wrong..." you're right. You're right about being wrong. You're right even when you're an idiot. p 60

-- "No matter how stupid your idea," Mr. Whittier would say, "you're doomed to be right because it's yours." p 60

-- We're all condemned to be right...In this shifting, liquid world where everyone is right and any idea is right the moment you act on it, Mr. Whittier would say, the only sure thing is what you promise. pp 60-61

-- What you have to love about drinking is, every swallow is an irrevocable decision. p 72

-- Taking the Lear jet from here to Rome in six hours, it's made escaping too easy. p 72

-- Globe-trotting is just the chance to feel bored more places, faster. p 72

Guts section a little over the top
The section on "Guts" is probably a bit too descriptive, giving away one of the best stories of the book. Is it possible to not give the chapter away completely, but reference it's influences but not give the whole thing away. Its like writing a Wiki on Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows and saying its the "final installment where Harry Potter dies at the end."

Otherwise we could give the whole book away. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Dominicz (talk • contribs) 11:22, August 29, 2007 (UTC)

Question?
What relevance would the last story be? The one about emigrating. It's a good story, but what does it have to do about mr. whitter? Is it just something that he made up? I don't think it could have really happened because wouldn't the main characters have talked about the world being almost extinct? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.32.101.62 (talk) 22:34, 19 March 2008 (UTC)

Paragraph may require splitting
Specifically, the second one in the summary for "Guts". Could anyone please tell me if I should split it by each part of the story it describes? Thylacine24 (talk) 05:59, 27 July 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Haunted (Palahniuk novel)


text:
Talk:Oxalis tuberosa

Classed as an invasive weed?
I removed this statement:

 * In North America the oca has been classed, unfairly, as an invasive weed.

because I couldn't find any evidence for it. The USDA doesn't believe the plant occurs in the United States. — Pekinensis 06:36, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

Second most important
Both the descriptions of the oca and ulloco state that they are "second only to the potato" in importance in the Andes. So, which is correct?--12.154.39.254 22:25, 19 December 2006 (UTC)

According to, ulluco has twice as many consumers as oca. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 207.118.113.13 (talk) 02:27, 9 July 2014 (UTC)

Wrong photo
The photo purporting to be oca is in fact ulluco. Oca is longer, more the proportion of carrot (though not tapering), and has ridges. Perumanta (talk) 03:04, 9 May 2008 (UTC)

WikiProject Food and drink Tagging
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Picture of New Zealand oca available
apologies, am new to wikipedia. I have an authentic picture of New Zealand sourced oca (grown on in the UK) available if required.

locates it. The oca pictured was bought from Waitrose (UK supermarket chain) and grown on in my garden.

Catofstripes (talk) 15:38, 18 August 2008 (UTC)

Okay whomever edited my contribution on oca doesn't know what they are going on about. I have oca from Eucador. As anyone knows eucador on the equator as no day lenght variable. I even asked when i was there if there was a season for oca. There is not. It is unforunate that people whom have not been to the places and seen the situations they are grown in bother to contribute and edit. oca tubers are not day lenght variable however they take a longish season to produce tubers. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Todare (talk • contribs) 01:24, 23 August 2010 (UTC)

 * Provided that you can find suitable and authoritative references to support your assertion, then it can be added. Unfortunately, the use of common names means that often the same name is used for different plants and the plant you saw in Ecuador (?) may have been a different species and not Oxalis tuberosa  Velella  Velella Talk 19:07, 27 August 2010 (UTC)

Todare is correct that oca does not require a reduction in day length in order to form tubers. Oca forms tubers at day lengths of 13 hours or less (depending on variety) and will form tubers under artificial light with an unchanging day length of 12 hours. I believe that the reference to Lost Crops of the Incas was misconstrued, as it actually says the following:

"Daylength requirements may slow up the crop's acceptance in new areas. Most Andean oca varieties have specific photoperiod responses that limit their culture to equatorial latitudes. If grown elsewhere, they form no tubers. Before oca's potential can be achieved worldwide, varieties that are either daylength neutral or adapted to long days must be located.2 The plants of New Zealand, the southern end of the Andes, and perhaps Mexico seem likely sources for these."--Gdasein (talk) 06:36, 11 May 2015 (UTC)

New Zealand Yam
The article says they're known in New Zealand as "New Zealand Yams". However, we just call them yams. In fact, I only recently found out people in other countries are referring to kumara when they say "yams"! Should this be corrected, or would it just be too confusing? — Preceding unsigned comment added by MotleyPhule (talk • contribs) 07:29, 11 January 2012 (UTC)

 * Spot on. Now changed  Velella  Velella Talk 16:49, 11 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Yeah New Zealand yam is a bit of a weird name since the plant isn't native here nor first commercialised here so it would generally make sense to just call it something else. But interesting enough, it does seem the name 'New Zealand yam' is sometimes used in Australia I assume because it isn't very popular there and so interest in it has most spread from NZ. Nil Einne (talk) 14:39, 8 October 2023 (UTC)

Proposed edits to oca page
The oca page looks good and has a lot of great information, but I am interested in adding to it. I'm planning to add a number of new sections: cultural significance, diversity, and use-categories. Also, I would like to make some edits and additions to the text already present. I think the overall organization could also be improved. I know that people have already put a lot of hard work into this, and I don't want to step on anyone's toes, so I'd love input from anybody about my proposed edits. Please respond to this post if you'd like me to send you a draft. Laurenjm (talk) 18:03, 19 February 2012 (UTC)

 * Anything that improves or expands an article is always welcome - sometimes it is also necessary to tread on some toes (but not too often!). If you are thinking of making major changes, why not create your new version in your user space (i.e. User:Laurenjm/Oxalis tuberosa ) and leave a note here seeking editors views on your new version ? If there is support from the Wikipedia community, it is easy to copy across the new version wholesale. This method makes your developing new version visible to any editor who is interested. Regards.  Velella  Velella Talk 19:16, 19 February 2012 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the suggestion. This is my first time working on Wikipedia, so any advice is very much welcomed. I have a draft going at User:Laurenjm/oca draft. Obviously I need to fix a lot with formatting and references, but the content is pretty much there. Feel free to take a look and share your suggestions with me. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Laurenjm (talk • contribs) 23:36, 19 February 2012 (UTC)

 * That looks pretty good, (especially for a new editor!). Lets wait for a few more opinions before moving anything over. It would be useful if you could get your image file included as well. The easiest place to upload it is at Wikimedia Commons. I have made a minor edit to your comments just to shorten the link to your version of the page - Wikipedia etiquette deprecates editors changing the comments of others - but in this case it makes navigation a little easier. I apologise for that in advance. Regards  Velella  Velella Talk  23:53, 19 February 2012 (UTC)

 * Okay, I think it's ready to be published! Now, how can I copy this new version to the current Oxalis tuberosa page? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Laurenjm (talk • contribs) 20:11, 26 February 2012 (UTC)

Updated version of Oxalis tuberosa
An updated and re-written version of the article is available at User:Laurenjm/oca draft. It is proposed to upload this version to replace the existing version. Please comment below either in favour or citing reasons why it shouldn't be changed. In the absence of any adverse comments by 4th March, the new version will be copied over. The new version has my Support  Velella  Velella Talk  21:33, 26 February 2012 (UTC)

 * Thank you for your help. Now, what should I do to get the new version copied over? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.87.115.37 (talk) 15:13, 5 March 2012 (UTC)

 * Assuming that you are Laurenjm having omitted to log-in, please log in first - if you don't all the vandal watchers may start to get interested - especially for a significant change to an article! I am in some difficulty giving advice without knowing your level of competence with a computer, so please forgive instructions that may seem like teaching your grandmother to suck eggs. The very simple answer is to open both versions in edit mode and copy your version and paste it over the old version and save it with an edit summary of something like "updated version as agreed on talk page". That way preserves all the history and provides the justification. If you are unfamiliar with copy and paste operations, open both versions in edit mode in separate tabs. In your new version select the text (Ctrl A) and copy it (Ctrl C) ; move to the old version and select the text (Ctrl A) and paste your version in (Ctrl V) and save with an appropriate edit summary as above. If that isn't clear please drop a note here and I will try to assist. Regards  Velella  Velella Talk  20:44, 5 March 2012 (UTC)

 * Done! Thank you, Velella for your patient help. I look forward to seeing further improvements to the new edited page made by other users. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Laurenjm (talk • contribs) 02:36, 7 March 2012 (UTC)

Like a baked potato with sour cream
The book "Future Stuff" by Malcolm Abrams and Harriet Bernstein claims that oca tastes like a baked potato with sour cream. Is this true? Why isn't this characteristic listed in the main article?74.100.47.237 (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 03:27, 12 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Possibly because it is just an opinion. I am sure that it is possible to find a wide range of opinions about how things taste, but as taste is a subjective experience, it rarely adds much to a Wikipedia article. If adding it as in " xxxx claims that Oca tastes like....." with an in-line citation, you would also need to establish that the source quoted was indeed a reliable source. From the title of the source my guess is that it would not be considered reliable.  Velella  Velella Talk 09:02, 12 July 2012 (UTC)

Retraction of article claiming harmaline secretion from roots
The article claims harmaline has been detected in root secretions, citing a 2002 study by Bais et al. However, its authors retracted the article in 2010, claiming that although they had observed a fluorescent exudate, they had no chemical evidence identifying it as harmaline.

I can find no other study that would help to determine whether oca root secretions contain harmaline. I see two paths forward. We can either delete the harmaline reference, or we can add in a note about the retraction. The possible presence of harmaline is more of a horticultural curiosity than a matter of general interest about oca, and there is no citable consensus position on it, so I favor deleting it.

Does anyone object? Acone (talk) 18:04, 23 May 2022 (UTC)

Size of tubers
The one thing that the article seems to be missing is how big the tubers typically are. I know that tubers can vary significantly, but some general average size description would help those readers who might be unfamiliar with the vegetable. oknazevad (talk) 22:03, 21 October 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Oxalis tuberosa


text:
Trees for Life

Trees for Life may refer to:

 * Trees for Life (Scotland), a charity restoring the Caledonian Forest
 * Trees for Life (United States), a non-profit organisation helping plant fruit trees in developing countries
 * Trees For Life (Australia), a non-profit group dedicated to revegetation

title: Trees for Life


text:
User talk:82.34.14.166

Don't copy and paste things from other websites into Wikipedia. It's illegal and it will be deleted. CryptoDerk 06:37, May 27, 2005 (UTC)

November 2020
Hello, I'm CLCStudent. I wanted to let you know that one or more of your recent contributions have been undone because they did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you have any questions, you can ask for assistance at the Teahouse. Thanks. CLCStudent (talk) 22:38, 11 November 2020 (UTC)
 * If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits referred to above, consider creating an account for yourself or logging in with an existing account so that you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

title: User talk:82.34.14.166


text:
Carolina County Ball

Carolina County Ball is the second studio album by the rock band Elf, released as an LP in 1974 on the MGM label. It was released in the United States and Japan as L.A.59. The album is the first to feature Craig Gruber on bass.

Track listing
On some of the European releases of "Carolina County Ball", the first song is listed as "Carolina Country Ball" making this album somewhat of a collector's item.

Elf

 * Ronnie James Dio - lead vocals
 * Steve Edwards - lead guitar
 * Micky Lee Soule - keyboards, rhythm guitar
 * Craig Gruber - bass
 * Gary Driscoll - drums

Additional musicians

 * Helen Chappell, Liza Strike, & Barry St. John - backing vocals
 * The Manor Chorus - vocals on "Blanche"
 * Roger Glover - string arrangements, production
 * Mountain Fjord, M.D., & Martyn Ford - strings
 * Ray Swinfield - clarinet
 * Chris Pyne - trombone
 * Henry Lowther - trumpet

Production staff

 * Lou (Conway) Austin, Simon Heyworth - recording engineers
 * Colin Hart, Raymond Da'Rio - equipment
 * Mixed at Kingsway Recorders
 * Fin Costello - photography

title: Carolina County Ball


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dan Patrick (radio host)

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was No Consensus -> Keep Zzyzx11 (Talk) 03:00, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Dan Patrick (radio host)
Unnotable radio talk show host. Gets only 698 Google hits. He can be adequately covered at KSEV. Johntex 06:41, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - Patrick is a notable & newsworthy political figure in the Houston area, also author of widely published book ISBN 0785262865 Rangerdude 06:47, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete That book title gets 18 Google hits. Please define your idea of "widely published".  Johntex 06:51, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment WP:POINT - VfD also seems to be retaliation by User:Johntex for other disputes on Texas Media Watch & Houston ChronicleRangerdude
 * Comment - the above statement is incorrect and google counts are mischaracterization. The book gets over 400 hits for the full title spelled out and 800 for the abbreviated title. "Dan Patrick" and "Houston" gets 23,000+ hits. "Dan Patrick" and "Talk Radio" gets 734. "Dan Patrick" and "conservative" gets 3,460. "Dan Patrick" and C.L.O.U.T. gets 333. "Dan Patrick" and "KPRC" (one of his old stations) gets 301. "Dan Patrick" and "-ESPN" (as in excluding the sportscaster Dan Patrick) gets 23,000+ hits. etc. Rangerdude 07:04, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment Here is proof the full title of the book gets 18 hits. Johntex 07:11, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment This one says 425 . Furthermore, per WP:BIO standards book significance is measured not by googling but by copies in print, the minimum being 5,000. Patrick's book well exceeds that number. Rangerdude 07:16, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Local radio hack doesn't meet WP:BIO standards.  Quale 07:07, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment on the above. Per WP:BIO "Biographies on the following people may be included in Wikipedia...
 * "Major local political figures who receive significant press coverage" - Patrick is a major political figure in Houston who has received extensive press coverage for his activities.
 * "Published authors, editors, and photographers who have written books with an audience of 5,000 or more or in periodicals with a circulation of 5,000 or more" - Patrick is a published author of a book that's sold well over 5,000 copies.
 * "Well known entertainment figures, such as TV/movie producers, directors, writers, and actors who have starring roles, or a series of minor roles, in commercially distributed work watched by a total audience of 5,000 or more" - Patrick is a TV personality who has held positions on several different stations' TV news broadcasts in Houston - a media market that exceeds well over 5,000 in audience share. Rangerdude 07:16, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Comment I agree you correctly quote WP:BIO, although it is only a guideline, not a policy. Do you have sources to accurately substantiate your claims as to the number of copies or his book or as to his listening audience?  Johntex 07:26, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Comment his station got a 1.8 arbitron according to this, which I believe is somewhere in the 30,000 listeners range. Rangerdude 07:36, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment Thanks. That is not conclusive evidence since we don't know how much of that is his show.  Still, together with whatever the book has done, I agree it is likely he is reaching at least 5,000 people.  I reiterate that what you quote above is a guideline, not a policy.  I disagree with this guideline because I believe media people face a higher bar because they naturally reach a lot of people by virtue of their occupation.  In the spirit of cooperative editing, I will take some time to reconsider my vote in light of the additional evidence you have produced.  Thanks again.  Johntex 07:47, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment - use a little common sense. KSEV is a well known station in Houston, Texas - one of the top 10 media broadcast markets in the country - and Patrick has the prime afternoon drive slot. Based on that alone it's safe to say that he gets well over 5,000 listeners. And even if he did not on radio, Patrick was also a newscaster on the evening broadcast of at least two different stations in the same media market - enough to gather him well over 5,000 viewers on any given night. Rangerdude 15:36, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment Once again you miss my main point. There is no policy that says we have to include anyone who has over 5,000 listeners.  Johntex 19:07, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment there is a very specific guideline though that is formally considered as such and used as a basic measure for the propriety of biography inclusions. Per that guideline, Patrick qualifies on three separate counts - as a significant local political figure, as an author, and as a media personality. And yes, WP:BIO is a much stronger basis for determining an article's appropriateness than your random, arbitrary, unscientific and manipulation-susceptable "google" measure, so I'll yield to it. Rangerdude 19:25, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep per Rangerdude's evidence. Kappa 09:30, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, notability not established. Megan1967 09:53, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: He is a figure of local import only. His book is not exactly racing up the charts.  His radio show is not widely syndicated.  On the other hand, there is another Dan Patrick who works for ESPN who is on ESPN Radio some of the time.  Isn't he a "Dan Patrick (radio host)?"  Were this guy to have acted upon the Houston area in such a way as to have caused a significant change in it, then the local would be national.  As it is, he's an entertainer, and we don't want articles on all the "funny DJ's" from the morning shows or the local weather girls, either. Geogre 13:31, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Abstain - read a bit more and don't feel informed enough anymore to decide. Karol 13:37, May 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep per evidence provided, as much as I hate conservative radio talk show hosts. -- Un  focused  14:06, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Notable and published extreme right wing loony. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 14:10, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep per Rangerdude's evidence. Right wing hackery is irrelevant. Scimitar 14:41, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Radio program plus book plus political efforts make him notable enough for mine. Capitalistroadster 17:23, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Notable and significant. Joebwan 18:40, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, nn. --W(t) 21:22, 2005 May 27 (UTC)
 * keep please as per randerdude Yuckfoo 23:47, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete WP:BIO. JamesBurns 10:57, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment Why do you cite WP:BIO for deletion if he meets 3 of the categories there? Rangerdude 17:01, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
William Murchison

William Murchison is a nationally syndicated political columnist in the United States. Murchison is normally of a conservative political persuasion. He is also a regular contributor to Watchdog.org, Chronicles and The Lone Star Report.

Education
Murchison obtained his degree from Stanford University and the University of Texas.

Career
Prior to retiring in 2001, he worked as an editor for The Dallas Morning News. Murchison has contributed to a number of national publications which include: the Wall Street Journal, National Review, The Weekly Standard, and First Things. He also frequently speaks across the country at colleges and many other forums. He also served, for five years, as a Radford Distinguished Professor of Journalism at Baylor University.

Books
He is the author of several books including:
 * Mortal Follies: Episcopalians and the Crisis of Mainline Christianity and a volume about the mid-1990s rise of the religious right
 * Reclaiming Morality in America, 1994, Thomas Nelson Publishers
 * There's More To Life Than Politics, 1998, Spence Publishing Company
 * Those Gasoline Lines and how They Got There, 1980, Fisher Institute

Organizations
He is in addition a member of the Philadelphia Society and was formerly a Director of the Society for the Preservation of the Book of Common Prayer.

title: William Murchison


text:
Category:Television stations in Portland, Oregon

Portland, Oregon - Nielsen Designated Market Area #23.


text:
Talk:Bridge of No Return

Armed Guard Houses
Are they really "armed guard houses"? I thought weapons were not permitted in the JSA. Savatar 06:08, 25 June 2006 (UTC)
 * The North Korean end of the bridge is outside of the JSA ([]), so it is probably armed. On the other hand, the closer guard house on the picture (actually an UN checkpoint) should indeed be unarmed.--Cbb -talk- 11:53, 29 August 2006 (UTC)

I was stationed in Panmunjom in 2003. The only weapons allowed in the DMZ are small arms (such as a 9mm pistol). But I can tell you that the U.S. and South Korean forces do in fact bring unauthorized weapons such as machine guns, but those are kept out of sight (usually in a vehicle). I'd imagine the North Koreans do the same.--Timjbax 19:22, 13 September 2006 (UTC)

There are particular rules regarding armed personnel inside the JSA and the DMZ, but yes, firearms are permitted within the rules. Isaac Crumm 07:38, 27 September 2006 (UTC)

I was stationed there '75-'76 and again from '77-'78. Sidearms are the only weapons allowed inside the JSA. Each side is allowed 2 armed officers and 30 enlisted personnel, per the Armistice agreement. Automatic weapons are not allowed inside the JSA at all, though on numerous occasions I saw AK-47's and a .51 cal machinegun at several of the KPA checkpoints in our half of the JSA (when it was still a neutral area). I also used to play hopscotch on the Bridge when I worked at that checkpoint (CP#3). It was funny watching the expressions on the North Korean's faces, since they had no idea what I was doing. Back in my days, the bridge was actively used by the North Koreans as there only access to the JSA. Even though their guard trucks were usually covered and the rear flap was down, we would still have to try and get counts of people entering and leaving the JSA as they zoomed past. wbfergus 16:48, 27 November 2006 (UTC)

Die Another Day
Though the bridge is referred to in the movie Die Another Day, what is shown is most definately not the bridge. There is no concertina wire, bunkers, or machineguns built around the bridge as portrayed in the movie. wbfergus 18:14, 28 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Regarding a deleted sentence by an IP address. The sentence was "Also, you can easily see from the photos (below), there is an extreme lack of evergreen vegetation in the area." Okay, I did not say there wasn't any evergreen vegetation, just an extreme lack of it. Look at the picture from 1975 during the winter and you will notice there is hardly anything green, let alone evergreen vegetation. The few evergreen trees that appear to possibly be in the newer picture at the top have been planted since 1975 (actually since 1979, as I was there up until then as well, but no additional pictures). The IMDB web site (for Die Another Day)also made a similar comment about the evergreen vegetation, "Bond and Zao are swapped in the middle of a thick evergreen forest. Panmunjom, the only point along the DMZ where one can walk between North and South Korea, is grassy fields and hills."
 * wbfergus 11:26, 1 December 2006 (UTC)

Cardinality of the bridge
The bridge actually runs east-west (with west toward PRK and east toward ROK). The article was a bit loose with its cardinal directions, such as saying that soldiers were facing "north" on the bridge, which would actually have been looking over the side of the bridge, when what was really meant was soldiers were facing toward "North Korea" to the west. I cleaned it up a little bit to reflect that. 98.232.121.163 (talk) 00:22, 20 September 2011 (UTC)

When was this bridge built?
There was no mention of it in the article. Was it built after the ceasefire, or was it standing before the war? Dinky town  talk  17:05, 5 April 2013 (UTC)

On a recent tour to Panmunjom...
I learned that the end of the bridge was destroyed by the North Koreans. Unfortunately, a tour guide's words are not authoritative but you can see it clearly in the most recent picture: rubble on the N. Korean side. So, I'm pretty curious why the UN side would offer to fix it... And sorry no, the guide did not mention any clue on when it was built... but my guess would be that it was part of the original JSA 1953, when the demarcation line wasn't strictly adhered to. It does appear to be about the same age as the old UN observation guard posts which are nearby. The North and South shared the JSA until the Axe Murder Incident in 1976. Darkpoet (talk) 19:43, 19 August 2016 (UTC)
 * The pictures I find, such as and, show no destruction of the bridge itself but clearly that the river bank, including the former path across, has been walled off. Any offers to pay for repairs of the bridge obviously aim at preserving the popular symbol. It is obvious, too, of how much interest this is for the NK side. 2003:45:457F:6A31:BD2C:ED7E:1D04:9C5B (talk) 19:02, 5 November 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070716121057/http://korea50.army.mil/history/biographies/rhee.shtml to http://korea50.army.mil/history/biographies/rhee.shtml
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20050208084604/http://www.panmunjomtour.com:80/english/jsa/jsa_14.htm to http://www.panmunjomtour.com/english/jsa/jsa_14.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20050116074445/http://www.lifeinkorea.com:80/culture/dmz/dmz.cfm?subject=jsa to http://www.lifeinkorea.com/culture/dmz/dmz.cfm?Subject=jsa#Bridge%20of%20No%20Return

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Final repatriation?
The article states that "The last time the bridge was used for prisoner exchanges was in 1968, when the crew of USS Pueblo was released and ordered to cross into South Korea via the bridge." However on the page for Joint Security Area lists the following as happening in 1969:

Operation Temple Bell, December 1969 On August 17, 1969, an unarmed OH-23 observation helicopter strayed over DPRK airspace and was forced to land in North Korea. The three crew were held for 3 1⁄2 months during negotiations between Major General A. H. Adam senior negotiator at the UN Command, and North Korean Major General Lee Choon-sun. In early December 1969 the three crew members were released and ushered over the Bridge of No Return.

Which is correct? Khardankov (talk) 06:21, 11 December 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bridge of No Return


text: User talk:24.196.90.128

title: User talk:24.196.90.128