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Photo taken at Squaw Valley, CA in 1999 Cornice entry

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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

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WROC-TV

WROC-TV (channel 8) is a television station in Rochester, New York, United States, affiliated with CBS and owned by Nexstar Media Group. The station's studios are located on Humboldt Street in downtown Rochester, and its transmitter is located on Pinnacle Hill in Brighton, New York.

Prior to 2021, the WROC studios hosted the master control operations of Nexstar's "virtual triopoly" in the Quad Cities television market of southeastern Iowa and west-central Illinois, which includes fellow CBS affiliate WHBF-TV, CW affiliate KGCW, and Fox-affiliated LMA partner KLJB.

History
WROC-TV is Rochester's oldest television station, signing on June 11, 1949, as WHAM-TV, an NBC affiliate on channel 6. It was owned originally by Stromberg-Carlson, a telephone equipment manufacturer, along with WHAM radio. The station was also affiliated with the now-defunct DuMont Television Network.

WHAM-TV moved to channel 5 on July 24, 1954, as part of a revision of upstate New York's VHF allotments resulting from the Federal Communications Commission (FCC)'s Sixth Report and Order of 1952. However, WHAM-TV on channel 5 dealt with interference issues from CBLT, a CBC Television station from Toronto, after that station moved from its original channel 9 allocation to channel 6 in 1956. CBLT was replaced on channel 9 by CFTO-TV in 1960, and that channel relocation would later play an indirect role in the station's second frequency shift, eight years later.

Stromberg-Carlson merged with General Dynamics in 1955. General Dynamics was not interested in owning broadcast outlets, and put the WHAM radio and television outlets on the market. In 1956, WHAM-TV was sold to Transcontinent Broadcasting, which owned WGR radio and WGR-TV in Buffalo; the new owners changed the call letters to the current WROC-TV. In 1961, Transcontinent sold the station to Veterans Broadcasting Company, which subsequently sold its half of what is today WHEC-TV (channel 10) to the Gannett Company, then based in Rochester. The acquisition by Veterans Broadcasting also gave WROC-TV new sister stations on radio, as WVET-AM-FM (1280 AM and 97.9 FM) changed their call signs to WROC (AM) and WROC-FM. (The WHAM-TV callsign is now used on Rochester's ABC affiliate, channel 13, previously known as WOKR. Other than the shared callsign, that station is unrelated to the earlier WHAM-TV.)

Under Veterans' ownership, WROC-TV moved to channel 8 on September 8, 1962, as part of another channel allocation change, this one being a switch involving Rochester and Syracuse. The FCC moved WROC-TV's former channel 5 east to Syracuse, and it was taken by Meredith Corporation-owned WHEN-TV (now WTVH), which was previously on channel 8. The move also allowed a new station on channel 9 to enter the Syracuse market; it signed on as WNYS-TV (later WIXT-TV and now WSYR-TV) the following day.

Veterans Broadcasting was merged into Rust Craft Broadcasting in February 1965. Rust Craft sold its television unit to Ziff Davis in 1979. This resulted in the breakup of the WROC stations, as WROC (AM) and WPXY (the former WROC-FM) were later sold by Rust-Craft to members of the firm's broadcast management team. Within a few years, however, Ziff Davis broke up its television group; WROC-TV and sister stations WEYI-TV in Saginaw, Michigan, WRDW-TV in Augusta, Georgia, and WTOV-TV in Steubenville, Ohio, were spun-off to Television Station Partners LP, a group composed of Ziff Davis's broadcast executives, in 1983. Television Station Partners sold channel 8, along with the Saginaw and Steubenville outlets, to Smith Broadcasting in 1996. Smith Broadcasting announced in 1999 that it would be selling WROC-TV to Nexstar Media Group, making WROC-TV one of Nexstar's oldest stations.

It was while under the stewardship of Television Station Partners that WROC-TV made another switch: In April 1989, NBC announced it would end its 40-year partnership with channel 8 and move its Rochester affiliation to then-CBS station WHEC-TV. This move was the result of WROC-TV's poor performance and constant preemptions of NBC network programming (NBC was very intolerant of preemptions at this time, and was the number one network at the time, adding to NBC's frustration with channel 8). WROC-TV agreed to terms to affiliate with CBS in May, and channel 8 soon began airing CBS' Saturday morning children's programs (with the notable exception of Pee-wee's Playhouse) and daytime game shows Family Feud and Now You See It, all of which had been preempted by WHEC-TV. Channel 8 began airing the full CBS schedule on August 13, 1989.

For many years, WROC-TV was one of three Rochester area stations offered on cable in the Ottawa–Gatineau and Eastern Ontario regions. The Rochester area stations were replaced with Detroit stations when the microwave relay system that provided these signals was discontinued. Until January 2009, WROC-TV was also available in many Central Ontario communities such as Belleville, Cobourg, and Lindsay.

On July 9, 2012, WROC-TV replaced Louisville's WLKY on Time Warner Cable systems in that station's region, when WLKY's owners, Hearst Television, pulled its stations off Time Warner Cable's systems in a retransmission dispute. However, Nexstar complained that Time Warner Cable has used their signals outside their markets without permission, while Time Warner Cable was within its rights to use their signals as replacements until a deal with Hearst is reached. WROC-TV, for its part, made the best of its predicament, naming the administrator of a Facebook group of tongue-in-cheek Louisvillean WROC-TV fans its fan of the week and making a handful of other shout-outs to its emerging Louisville fanbase. The substitution of WROC-TV in place of WLKY lasted until July 19, 2012, when a deal was reached between Hearst and Time Warner.

News operation
In August 1957, WROC-TV began airing the area's first 11 p.m. broadcast called Eleventh Hour News. Regular sports segments were added to the show on April 7, 1958. WROC-TV enjoyed ratings dominance with popular anchorman Tom Decker and weatherman Bob Mills. Anne Keefe, another well-known talent who split time between WROC radio and TV, contributed to the station's success in the 1960s and 1970s. However, by the mid-1970s, Decker, Mills and Keefe left. The loss of these popular veteran broadcasters and the station's failure to keep up with changing technology lead to a ratings slump that lasted more than three decades.

From the mid-1970s through the early 2000s, WROC-TV's newscasts struggled in the Nielsen ratings, usually placing a distant third behind WOKR/WHAM-TV and WHEC-TV. Even with the strong NBC prime time lineup in the mid-to-late 1980s (the last few years of WROC-TV's affiliation contract with NBC) and the CBS lineup during the early 2000s, its newscasts remained stubbornly in third place. Indeed, the subpar performance of channel 8's news department was a major factor in NBC moving to WHEC-TV in 1989.

However, after WROC finally established some stability with its anchor team, market share has been growing over the course of the past decade. In the November 2008 ratings period, WROC-TV's 11 p.m. newscast finished ahead of slumping WHEC-TV for the first time in many years.

After becoming operated by Nexstar, WUHF's separate news department was shut down. Two anchors, a producer, and a photographer were added to WROC-TV's news staff. The remainder of its personnel was laid-off in this move. On September 1, 2005, a nightly half-hour prime time broadcast (produced by WROC-TV) called Fox First at 10 began airing on WUHF. Originating from a secondary set at this station's facilities, the show eventually expanded to 45 minutes followed by a fifteen-minute sports highlight program known as Sports Extra. On September 13, 2010, this station began airing a weekday 4 p.m. newscast for a half-hour (an area first). As of 2011, WROC-TV's newscasts remain in third place overall. On September 4, 2012, WROC-TV became the second Rochester area TV station to have upgraded its local newscasts to high definition. The 10 p.m. newscast on WUHF was included in the upgrade. WROC's relationship with WUHF ended in December 2013 due to Sinclair's purchase of the assets of ABC affiliate WHAM-TV (along with the sale of its license to an affiliated company), and the relocation of WUHF to its facilities. WUHF's 10 p.m. newscast was replaced by a WHAM-produced version on January 1, 2014.

Notable former on-air staff

 * Stacey Pensgen – chief meteorologist (AMS Seal of Approval, now at WHEC-TV)

Subchannels
The station's signal is multiplexed: {{legend|#DFEBF6|Broadcast on behalf of another station}}

On June 15, 2016, Nexstar announced that it has entered into an affiliation agreement with Katz Broadcasting for the Escape, Laff, Grit, and Bounce TV networks, bringing one or more of the four networks to 81 stations owned and/or operated by Nexstar, including WROC-TV. As a result, WROC-TV added two additional subchannels carrying Escape and Laff on August 20, 2016 (at the time of the agreement, Grit was available in Rochester on WHAM-DT3).

Analog-to-digital conversion
WROC-TV discontinued regular programming on its analog signal, over VHF channel 8, at 11:35 p.m. on June 12, 2009 (following the late newscast), the official date on which full-power television stations in the United States transitioned from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate. The station's digital signal remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 45, using virtual channel 8.

title: WROC-TV


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Marble Hill–225th Street station

The Marble Hill–225th Street station (signed as 225th Street) is a local station on the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line of the New York City Subway. Located at the intersection of Broadway and 225th Street in the Marble Hill neighborhood of Manhattan, it is served by the 1 train at all times.

History
The West Side Branch of the original subway line was extended to 225th Street on January 14, 1907. It would briefly serve as the terminus for the line, until the structure of the 221st Street station was dismantled and moved to 230th Street, where a new temporary terminus was opened on January 27, 1907.

To address overcrowding, in 1909, the New York Public Service Commission proposed lengthening the platforms at stations along the original IRT subway. As part of a modification to the IRT's construction contracts made on January 18, 1910, the company was to lengthen station platforms to accommodate ten-car express and six-car local trains. In addition to $1.5 million (equivalent to $ million in ) spent on platform lengthening, $500,000 (equivalent to $ million in ) was spent on building additional entrances and exits. It was anticipated that these improvements would increase capacity by 25 percent. The northbound platform at the 225th Street station was extended 95 ft to the north. The southbound platform was not lengthened. Six-car local trains began operating in October 1910, and ten-car express trains began running on the West Side Line on January 24, 1911. Subsequently, the station could accommodate six-car local trains, but ten-car trains could not open some of their doors.

In Fiscal Year 1924, an additional stairway was constructed to the northbound platform to accommodate additional ridership from the New York Velodrome.

The city government took over the IRT's operations on June 12, 1940. Platforms at IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line stations between 103rd Street and 238th Street, including those at 225th Street, were lengthened to 514 ft between 1946 and 1948, allowing full ten-car express trains to stop at these stations. A contract for the platform extensions at 225th Street and five other stations on the line was awarded to the Rao Electrical Equipment Company and the Kaplan Electric Company in June 1946. The platform extensions at these stations were opened in stages. On July 9, 1948, the platform extensions at stations between 207th Street and 238th Street, including the 225th Street station, were opened for use at the cost of $423,000. At the same time, the IRT routes were given numbered designations with the introduction of "R-type" rolling stock, which contained rollsigns with numbered designations for each service. The route to 242nd Street became known as the 1.

From August 21, 1989 to May 27, 2005 this was one of three (originally four) stations served by only the 9 train during rush hours (as well as middays before September 4, 1994), when skip stop service was operating. 1 trains served the station at all other times when the 9 was not operating. Skip-stop service as well as the 9 train were discontinued on May 29, 2005, at which point the 1 train began stopping at the station at all times.

Station layout

This elevated station has three tracks and two side platforms. The center track is not used in revenue service. The station is served by the 1 at all times and is between 231st Street to the north and 215th Street to the south. The southern half of the platforms has beige windscreens and red canopies with green frames and support columns while the northern half has black, steel, waist high fences and lampposts. The station signs are in the standard black name plates in white lettering.

The 1991 artwork here, by Wopo Holup, is called Elevated Nature I-IV. Portions are also located at four other stations on this line.

Marble Hill–225th Street is the northernmost subway station in Manhattan, and is one of two subway stations in Manhattan that are not located on Manhattan Island itself, the other one being Roosevelt Island on the.

Exits
All fare control areas are at platform level and there are no crossovers or crossunders. Both platforms have a station house, but only the southbound one is active. It has a turnstile bank, token booth, and one staircase going down to 225th Street and the northwest corner of Broadway. Access to and from the northbound platform is via two full-height turnstiles, one exit-only and the other entry-exit, and one staircase going down to the east side of Broadway across from the northwest corner of 225th Street.

Location
This station is less than 0.2 mi from the Marble Hill station on Metro-North Railroad's Hudson Line. Just south of the station, the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line crosses the Broadway Bridge onto the island of Manhattan.

This station today and the neighborhood it serves reside on the north shore of the Harlem River Ship Canal, also known as Spuyten Duyvil Creek, and are thus geographically on the mainland. However, the neighborhood was formerly part of the island of Manhattan. The canal was constructed in 1895, separating the neighborhood from the rest of the island. After the original creek bed was filled in, Marble Hill became part of the mainland, although it is still considered part of Manhattan for administrative and political purposes.

title: Marble Hill–225th Street station


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Henry Rungay

Henry Smalley Rungay (October 14, 1888 in London, UK – November 1955 ) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba as a Liberal-Progressive from 1948 to 1953.

Rungay was educated in London, and continued his studies at the University of Manitoba after moving to Canada in 1906. He became a pharmaceutical chemist after graduation, working as a druggist and clerk in the municipality of Harrison. He was chosen president of the local Red Cross Association in 1941, and served as vice-president of the Trans-Canada Highway Association. Rungay also served as secretary-treasurer for the Rural Municipality of Harrison and was a correspondent for the Western Municipal News.

Rungay first campaigned for the Manitoba legislature in the 1936 provincial election, but lost to Conservative candidate Earl J. Rutledge by 273 votes in Minnedosa. He lost to Rutledge again, by a greater margin, in the 1941 provincial election.

Rutledge resigned from the legislature in 1948, and Rungay was elected to take his place, defeating a candidate of the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation in a by-election held on July 13 of the same year. He was returned by acclamation in the 1949 provincial election. The Liberal-Progressives and Progressive Conservatives were cooperating in a coalition government during this period, and did not always challenge one another in constituency elections.

Rungay served as a government backbencher during his time in the legislature. He unexpectedly lost to Gilbert Hutton of the Manitoba Social Credit Party in the 1953 provincial election, by thirty-two votes.

He died at the age of 67.

His son, Henry Hunter Rungay, was also a public figure in Manitoba.

title: Henry Rungay


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WROC

WROC may refer to:

 * WROC (AM), a radio station (950 AM) licensed to Rochester, New York, United States
 * WROC-TV, a television station (channel 21, virtual channel 8) licensed to Rochester, New York, United States
 * WHTK (AM), a radio station (1280 AM) licensed to Rochester, New York, United States, which used the call sign WROC from 1961 until 1979
 * WPXY-FM, a radio station (97.9 FM) licensed to Rochester, New York, United States, which used the call sign WROC-FM until 1976

Wroc may refer to:
 * Wrocław University of Technology, an autonomous technical university in Wrocław, Poland

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Talk:SS Division Wallonien

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This topic is alread covered in depth in 5th SS Volunteer Sturmbrigade Wallonien. Page should be deleted and redirected --Ansbachdragoner 23:39, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:SS Division Wallonien


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Wallace High School, Lisburn

The Wallace High School is an 11–18 co-educational voluntary grammar school and sixth form in Lisburn, County Antrim, Northern Ireland.

History
It was founded in 1880 by a bequest from the estate of Sir Richard Wallace, local landowner, Unionist MP and philanthropist, and was originally named Lisburn Intermediate and University School. It was built on a site fronting the Antrim Road. A board of trustees took charge in 1900 to oversee the development of the growing school and, when they renamed it in 1942 in memory of its founder, they adopted the word Esperance (Hope) as the school's motto from the Wallace coat of arms.

The post-war years witnessed rapid growth in pupil numbers and consequent accommodation provision. Land was purchased at Clonevin Park, initially for playing fields, and when the Antrim Road site proved inadequate, the decision was taken to build a new school in these extensive grounds.

Pupils and staff moved to the new building in 1976, and today the school has expanded to 1160 pupils in the grammar school and 200 in the preparatory department.

School enhancement
The Wallace High School underwent construction on a new school expansion project. This included construction of a new two storey extension which includes the subjects of Art, Home Economics, and Moving Image Arts which was finished by the end of December 2017 and officially unveiled on 4 October 2018. There is a fitness suite which was also unveiled on 4 October which included four power racks, a free weights area with weight-lifting platforms, a blue astro-turf track for conditioning and warm-ups, plate loaded resistance machines and cardio equipment. It also included new changing rooms, new showers and hairdryers. A technology extension is also completed, beginning in February 2018 and concluding in August 2018.

Existing 'mobile' classrooms, of which there are four, have been relocated to allow space for the expansion project. These mobile classrooms include the subjects of English, Maths, Modern Languages, Religious Education, among others.

Rugby
They have reached the final 6 times, (most recently in 2019) and they are one of eight schools who enters in the fourth round of the cup along with Ballyclare High School, Ballymena Academy, Campbell College, Enniskillen Royal Grammar School, Methodist College Belfast, Royal Belfast Academical Institution and The Royal School, Armagh.

Hockey
Wallace High School is noted for men's hockey with wins in the Burney Cup, McCullough Cup and a single win in the All Ireland Championship in 1987-88. In 2011 the hockey girls created history by reaching the final of the Ulster Senior Schoolgirls' Cup for the first time, only to lose on penalties.

Notable alumni

 * Shauna Lowry, TV personality
 * The Rt. Hon. Brian Maginess (1901–1967), government minister in the Stormont Parliament
 * Drew Nelson (1956-2016), Grand Secretary of the Orange Order
 * Edwin Poots, current minister in the Northern Ireland Executive
 * Blu Hydrangea, winner of RuPaul's Drag Race: UK vs the World

Rugby

 * Chris Henry, professional rugby player for Ulster and Ireland
 * Nevin Spence (1990-2012), professional rugby player for Ulster
 * Jacob Stockdale, professional rugby player for Ulster and Ireland
 * Nathan Doak, professional rugby player for Ulster
 * Ian Whitten, professional rugby player for AVIVA Premiership Club Exeter, formerly Ulster

Cricket

 * Neil Doak, Irish cricketer and Irish rugby squad member
 * Raymond Hunter, Irish cricketer, Irish rugby and British & Irish Lions
 * Thomas Martin (1911-1937), cricketer
 * Jack Simpson (1920-1997), cricketer

title: Wallace High School, Lisburn


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Frank Omiyale

Frank Tayo Omiyale (born November 23, 1982) is a former American football offensive tackle who played in the National Football League. He was selected by the Atlanta Falcons in the fifth round of the 2005 NFL Draft. He played college football at Tennessee Tech.

Omiyale also played for the Carolina Panthers, Chicago Bears, and the Seattle Seahawks.

Early life
Omiyale attended Whites Creek Comprehensive High School in Whites Creek, Tennessee. In football, he was twice voted as the team's Most Valuable Lineman, and won All-Region honors, and second-team All-State honors. He also lettered in basketball, and competed in shot put and discus on the track and field team.

College career
Omiyale played for Tennessee Tech for four years from 2001–2004. As a senior in 2004, he made the All-America team, won All-Ohio Valley Conference honors, and graded 90.5 for blocking consistency to lead the NCAA Division I-AA in that statistical category.

Omiyale was inducted into the Tennessee Tech Sports Hall of Fame in November 2015.

Atlanta Falcons
Omiyale was selected in the fifth round (163rd overall) of the 2005 NFL Draft by the Atlanta Falcons.

As a rookie in 2005, Omiyale was inactive for all 16 regular season games for the Falcons. In 2006, he made his first NFL appearance for the Falcons in a game against the Pittsburgh Steelers on October 22, 2006. He was placed on waivers by the Falcons on September 1, 2007.

Carolina Panthers
On September 2, 2007, Omiyale was claimed off waivers by the Carolina Panthers. However, he was inactive for all 16 regular season games for the Panthers in 2007.

On October 5, 2008, Omiyale made his first NFL regular season start, replacing the injured left tackle Jordan Gross who was out with a concussion.

Chicago Bears
Omiyale signed a four-year, $14 million deal with the Chicago Bears on February 27, 2009. He was released by the team on March 1, 2012.

Seattle Seahawks
On March 21, 2012, the Seattle Seahawks announced that Omiyale had agreed to terms with the team. After spending the 2012 season in Seattle, Omiyale retired from the NFL.

title: Frank Omiyale


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Şımarık

"Şımarık" (, "Spoilt"), also known as "Kiss Kiss", is a 1997 song by Turkish singer Tarkan. It was written by Sezen Aksu, with music credited as composed by Tarkan. However, Tarkan later admitted in a 2006 interview that this had been done without Aksu's consent, who was the true copyright owner. It formed part of Tarkan's third album, Ölürüm Sana (1997). "Şımarık" was released in France in 1998 and across the rest of the world in 1999 from the compilation album Tarkan, which was released in Europe.

Many versions of the song were recorded in different languages, most notably the English-language cover, titled "Kiss Kiss", by Greek-American singer Stella Soleil in 2001, which was itself covered by Australian actress Holly Valance in 2002.

The song
As Tarkan's first major single, the song is generally considered his debut single. He had released three albums before this, but never released a song in single format due to the album-orientated nature of the Turkish music industry. The song has also appeared in soundtracks of various movies, including French film Beau travail and the American film XX/XY. It is generally considered Tarkan's signature song in Europe. Its chorus ends with two characteristic kiss sounds.

Commercial performance
When the single was released in Europe, it reached No. 1 in Belgium, No. 2 in Norway, plus No. 3 in Switzerland, France, Germany and the Netherlands. Sales went gold in Europe, where Tarkan was presented with his gold disc at Cannes Midem and in Germany by Universal.

Music video
The accompanying music video for "Şımarık" is directed by Emmanuel Saada and shot in Marseille, France, in a neighborhood called "Le panier", with narrow streets and cobbled roads. Here, Tarkan sings and jaywalks. Several women on the streets sees him and starts chasing him to try to kiss him, but he tries to avoid them by first changing direction and then later by walking faster. More and more women begin to chase him as the song proceeds, but Tarkan eventually starts running in order to avoid them. A big group of women then run after him and as the song finishes, Tarkan takes cover in a street corner. A young girl is there as well and Tarkan kisses her forehead. The video was the first that Saada directed.

Track listings
Track lists to this CD single change depending on the country of release. There were four promotional LP versions released. A promotional CD single was released in France, with an orange cover. This was the first ever release and included one track. This is now a collector's item. There was also a limited edition (fan-edition) single released in Germany, which came with a poster of Tarkan.
 * Şımarık, 1999
 * 1) Şımarık Malagutti (4:46)
 * 2) Şımarık Malagutti edit remix (3:17)
 * 3) Şımarık Malagutti extended remix (7:00)
 * 4) Şımarık Ned Divine edit remix (3:13)
 * 5) Şımarık Ned Divine extended remix (5:56)
 * 6) Şımarık radio edit (3:12)
 * 7) Şımarık long (original) version (3:55)
 * 8) Şımarık Orıental (4:05)
 * 9) Şımarık Zıo dub extended remix (6:11)
 * 10) Şımarık Zıo dub edit remix
 * 11) Şımarık Şınan soulful (6:14)
 * 12) Şımarık Şınan dub

Stella Soleil version
"Kiss Kiss" served as the debut single of American recording artist Stella Soleil. It is a remake of "Şımarık" with new lyrics. The English version was credited to by Juliette Jaimes, Sezen Aksu, Tarkan, and Steve Welton-Jaimes. The single was released to American radio on 19 and 20 March 2001. It was also released in regions of Europe, excluding the UK.

Music video
The music video is set on the beach during the late night. The video (directed by Hype Williams) shows Soleil dancing on the sand, while scenes go back and forth from birds eye views of landscape around the beach.

Holly Valance version
Australian actress Holly Valance covered "Kiss Kiss" and released it as her debut single on 29 April 2002. Her version topped the charts of both Australia and the United Kingdom.

Commercial performance
The single debuted at number one in the United Kingdom on 5 May 2002, selling 143,408 copies in its first week. The song made its debut on the Australian ARIA Singles Chart and UK Singles Chart at number one. It went on to spend nine weeks in the ARIA top 10, 13 weeks in the top 20, and seventeen weeks in the top 50. In Finland, Hungary, Ireland, and Italy, the song peaked within the top 10. It also reached the top 20 in Austria, Denmark, Germany, Greece, Sweden, New Zealand, and Switzerland. It was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) and gold by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI).

Music video
The official music video for Valance's version features a compilation of Valance herself with a variety of different looks and sexualised outfits whilst performing the song. The video opens with a close-up of Valance's lips, painted with a burnished red gloss, as she mimes a kiss at the viewer. Lightbulbs flash and pulse on a black background, gradually illuminating Valance's apparently-naked figure, save for two bars of light across her chest and hips. Valance is next shown within a second black room, this time surrounded by blue rectangular strips of light. During the video, these lights change to red before returning to their original color.

As Valance begins to sing, the view returns to the opening close-up scene, before cutting to show her sat within and surrounded by a black velvet structure. The room is illuminated further by a mosaic background pattern of flashing white lights. Between shots, two DJs are seen using a record table. During the chorus, the scene shifts to show Valance with six male backing dancers on a black and gold backdrop. The video switches between each of these settings throughout the video.

Track listings

 * Australian CD single
 * 1) "Kiss Kiss" (Wise Buddha mix) – 3:23
 * 2) "Kiss Kiss" (Jah Wobble remix) – 5:15
 * 3) "Kiss Kiss" (Agent Sumo 2) – 7:41
 * 4) "Kiss Kiss" (Stargate R&B mix) – 3:02

 * UK CD single
 * 1) "Kiss Kiss" (Wise Buddha mix) – 3:25
 * 2) "Kiss Kiss" (Jah Wobble remix) – 5:15
 * 3) "Kiss Kiss" (Agent Sumo 2) – 7:41
 * 4) "Kiss Kiss" (Stargate R&B mix) – 3:02
 * 5) "Kiss Kiss" (video)

 * UK cassette single and European CD single
 * 1) "Kiss Kiss" (Wise Buddha mix) – 3:25
 * 2) "Kiss Kiss" (Stargate R&B mix) – 3:02

Other cover versions
Aside from "Kiss Kiss", there were many other covers of "Şımarık" in English and various languages, like a version sung by Hong Kong group E02 in Cantonese and an Egyptian cover version sung by Samy Mansour. Notable covers include:
 * In 1998 Russian singer Filipp Kirkorov re-released "Şımarık" in Russian as Поцелуй (Kiss) from the album Ой, Мама, Шика Дам.
 * In 1999, Ukrainian singer Viktor Pavlik (Ukrainian Віктор Павлік) re-released "Şımarık" in Ukrainian as "Rozbeshchenyy" (Ukrainian Розбещений) from the album "Aphiny, Kyiv, Istanbul", ukr. Афіни-Київ-Істанбул".
 * In 2001, Spanish-Moroccan singer Hakim released La Muchacha Turca in Spanish as part of his album Entre dos orillas, but created his own lyrics, in Spain.
 * In 2006, South Korean singer Mina covered "Kiss Kiss".
 * 8 feleséggel sok a baj / There are so many problems with 8 wives / (in Hungarian by Irigy Hónaljmirigy )
 * La Muchacha Turca / Turkish Girl / (in Spanish, by Paco Ortega/Hakim, 2001 )
 * La Muchacha Guapa / Pretty Girl / (in Spanish by La Banda Pachuco, 2002 )
 * Ein Kuss / A Kiss / (in German by Die Schlümpfe, 1999 )
 * Žene Vole Dijamante / Women Love Diamonds / (in Serbian by Jelena Karleuša, 1998 )
 * Ekstaza / Ecstasy / (in Serbian by Dado Polumenta, 2005 )
 * El Bawsi (in Arabic by Rida and Nina Boutros, 1999 )
 * Booseh Faransavi (in Persian by Mehran
 * Yeki Na Doutaa (in Persian by Sharareh, 2000 )
 * Filakia (in Greek by Lefteris Pantazis, 2000 )
 * Neshika / Kiss / (in Hebrew by Rinat Bar, 1998 )
 * CHU!CHU!は恋の合言葉 (in Japanese by Kentarō Hayami, 2000 )
 * Bos (in Dari by Showwkat)
 * Kiss Kiss (in English by Bodyjar, 2002 )
 * Kiss Kiss (in Cantonese by EO2 and Tiffany Lee, 2002 )
 * Kiss (Kita Sayang Sayang) (in Indonesian by Lilis Karlina, 2001 )
 * Chiki Chiki Bam Bam (in Telugu language India by Tippu in Aadi, 2002)
 * Beijo na Boca / Kiss in the Mouth / (in Portuguese by Mr. Jam)
 * Dá-me Um Xoxo / Give me a Kiss / (in Portuguese by Tayti)
 * Selinho na Boca (in Portuguese by Latino and Perlla, 2008 )
 * На Таркан близалката / Tarkan's lollipop / (in Bulgarian by Ruslan Mainov, 1999 )
 * Дай ми целувка / Give me a kiss / (in Bulgarian by Tonita, 1999)
 * Хищница / Predator / (in Bulgarian by Extra Nina, 1999)
 * Pusz-pussz (in Hungarian by Pa-Dö-Dő, 2003 )
 * Kiss-Kiss / TCM-istele / (in Romanian by Vacanța Mare in Cu oltenii la eclipsă show.)
 * Poljubi me / Kiss Me / (in Slovenian by Sandi Selimčič)
 * Të Më Japësh Një Puthje (in Albanian by Shkëlqim Kola)
 * Just A Kiss (Muah) (in English at USA by an American artist named ENISA in 2022)

Dj R'AN version

 * In 2016, French Dj R'AN (also known as Lucenzo Dj) released an adapted version of the song with new lyrics and added music. The single also titled "Kiss Kiss" and featured vocals by Swedish Mohombi and American Big Ali with additional work by Willy William. A music video was also released.

An alternative release of the DJ R'AN version of "Kiss Kiss" was done in 2017 by Kosovar-German singer Ardian Bujupi with Dj R'AN featuring Mohombi and Big Ali.

Other samplings
 * Yosi Piamenta released a version quoting Kol Hamesameach, a Hebrew language passage from the Talmud, but set to the melody of the song "Şımarık".
 * An Israeli 6PM news program on Channel 10 named London et Kirschenbaum (named after the hosts, Yaron London and the program's late host Moti Kirschenbaum) is using a sample of this song in its opening theme.

Usage in media
"Şımarık" was featured in films and soap opera including Beau travail, Romané and XX/XY.

"Şımarık" and sound effects of Tarkan's kiss sounds was used in several Chilean television programs, including: Calle 7, Yingo, En portada, Buenos Días a Todos, Muy buenos días, Mucho gusto, Gente como tú, La mañana de Chilevisión, and others.

"Şımarık" was used as the intro music for the Norwegian TV series about multi-cultural Norway, Migrapolis.

It was also used as the intro music for an Israeli TV current affairs news show named London et Kirschenbaum. In the United Kingdom, Channel 4 used the song in trailers for Graham Norton's chat show So Graham Norton in 2001.

title: Şımarık


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Talk:Level 3 Communications

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User talk:Moogleyb

Some of the people, places or things you have written about in the article Rosie and b may not be sufficiently well-known to merit articles of their own. The Wikipedia community welcomes newcomers, and encourages them to become Wikipedians. On Wikipedia, each user is entitled to a user page in which they can describe themselves, and this article's content may be incorporated into that page. However, to merit inclusion in the encyclopedia proper, a subject must be notable. We encourage you to write or improve articles on notable subjects. Craigy (talk) 23:44, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC) --- If you continue to add patent nonsense pages to Wikipedia when they have already been deleted, you will be blocked from editing. Please stop! Craigy (talk) 00:47, Jun 3, 2005 (UTC)

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Historic Filipinotown, Los Angeles

Historic Filipinotown (alternately known as HiFi ) is a neighborhood in the city of Los Angeles.

In 2008, it was one of the five Asian Pacific Islander neighborhoods (Chinatown, Little Tokyo, Historic Filipinotown, Koreatown, and Thai Town) in the city that received federal recognition as a Preserve America neighborhood.

Geography
On July 31, 2002, the City of Los Angeles designated Historic Filipinotown with the following boundaries: on the east by Glendale Boulevard, on the north by the 101 Freeway, on the west by Hoover Street, and on the south by Beverly Boulevard. The area, located in Council District 13, had commonly been referred to as the "Temple-Beverly Corridor". Both the Department of Public Works and the Department of Transportation were instructed in install signage to identify "Historic Filipinotown". Neighborhood signage was installed at the intersection of Temple Street and Hoover Street and Beverly Boulevard and Belmont Avenue. In 2006, Historic Filipinotown signage was installed along the 101 Freeway at the Alvarado Street exit.

History
In a section of downtown Los Angeles now known as Little Tokyo, a Filipino community known as Little Manila existed and flourished for over two decades (1920s-40s). The first significant wave of Filipino migration came in 1923, when over 2,000 arrived in California. Ten years later, over 6,000 resided in Los Angeles, most living in the downtown neighborhood bordered by San Pedro Street to the east, Sixth Street to the south, Figueroa Street to the west, and Sunset Boulevard to the North. Twelve restaurants, seven barbershops, the immigrant newspaper The Philippines Review and the Manila Portrait Studio all helped to buoy the Los Angeles Filipino diaspora. Many of the Filipino pioneers came to Los Angeles to study, while others settled as residents for employment. This community of mostly males established numerous restaurants, pool halls, cafés, employment agencies and barbershops which became the hub where Filipinos congregated, lived, socialized, organized and networked among their compatriots to find companionship, fellowship and work. One would merely drive to First and Main Streets to solicit Filipinos, either by Hollywood studios in need of ethnic-type extras for cinematic productions or many others in need of cheap labor.

By the early 1950s, Filipinos were able to buy land in the United States. In Los Angeles, many Filipino families bought their first homes in the Temple-Beverly corridor, with the growth of Filipino families in this corridor, they created Filipino-owned businesses, establishments, churches, and organizations.

Despite the fact that there are other enclaves of Filipinos living outside Historic Filipinotown (Carson, Long Beach, Glendale, Cerritos, West Covina, Panorama City, and Eagle Rock), this neighborhood was named "Historic Filipinotown" because it was one of the few areas where Filipinos first settled during the early part of the 20th century and home to key Filipino organizations, Filipino churches (Filipino Christian Church, Iglesia ni Kristo, St. Columban Filipino Catholic Church, United Church of God Ministries, Praise Christian Fellowship and Congregational Christian Church), housing (Manila Terrace, Mindanao Towers, Mountain View Terrace, and Villa Ramos), and social service centers. Many Filipino American families began purchasing homes and establishing businesses in the area beginning from the 1940s, shifting away from the downtown area now known as Little Tokyo in the 1920s and later the Bunker Hill area. The "Historic" label was added to recognize the area as a gateway and the current place where Filipino immigrants establish themselves, create businesses and have community-based activities. This was because the Filipino American community in Historic Filipinotown created a partnership with mayor Eric Garcetti, as a result, he maintained a staff position assigned to the Historic Filipinotown neighborhood during his tenure.

On November 2, 2010, the intersection at Temple Street and Alvarado Boulevard was named as "Remedios "Remy" V. Geaga Square," and the Department of Transportation was directed to erect a permanent ceremonial sign at the location. A resident of Historic Filipinotown, Geaga dedicated her life to end discrimination in employment, education, and housing.

On October 31, 2011, Historic Filipinotown was officially recognized as a Preserve America community after years of advocacy by the Pilipino American Network and Advocacy (PANA) and other community advocates. Receiving this honor from former First Lady and Honorary Chair of the Preserve America Initiative, Michelle Obama, Historic Filipinotown is provided with strong federal support and incentives for the continued preservation of cultural and natural heritage resources.

Demographics
In 2010, Latinos constituted approximately 66% of the population. Asians comprised about 25% – with Filipinos as the largest Asian American Pacific Islander (AAPI) subgroup. (Of the 25% of Asian Americans that resided in Historic Filipinotown at the time of the survey, 64% were Filipino.) Non-Hispanics Whites and Blacks each constituted 4% of the neighborhood.

Community organizations
There are several advocacy organizations located within the boundaries of Historic Filipinotown area.

Search to Involve Pilipino Americans (SIPA)
SIPA is located at 3200 W. Temple Street. It was founded in 1972 and helps to provide health and human services as well as helps in the economic development, arts and cultural programs for youth and families in Filipinotown and the greater Los Angeles Fil-Am community.

Filipino American Services Group, Inc. (FASGI)
FASGI is located on 135 North Park View Street. It was incorporated in 1981, is a "community based on non-profit social service agency that focuses on the health and well being of underserved adults, particularly senior citizens…"

Filipino American Community of Los Angeles, Inc. (FACLA)
FALCA is located at 1740 W. Temple Street, It was originally founded as the Filipino Unity Council in 1930, the Filipino American Community of Los Angeles. It housed in the Filipino Cultural Center.

Pilipino Workers Center (PWC)
PWC is located at 153 Glendale Boulevard. The Pilipino Workers Center aims to "secure the dignity and safety of the Pilipinx community in Southern California and build labor leaders in the domestic worker industry". They were established in 1997.

Pilipino American Network and Advocacy (PANA)
PANA, Pilipino American Network and Advocacy was founded to advocate for the economic and political empowermrnt of Filipinos in Los Angeles County. The organization, with the help of the Filipino community, successfully advocated for the designation of Historic Filipinotown as a Preserve America Community with the US Federal government in 2011.

Events

 * Annual Historic Filipinotown Festival - the event includes foods, craft, educational activities and a 5K run.
 * Annual Philippine Independence Day Parade and Festival - the parade spans several blocks. At the end of the parade, there is a festival area with a performance stage.
 * Annual Larry Itliong Day - Unidad Park hosts an annual Larry Itliong Day event over the weekend of October 25, which falls on Larry Itliong's birth date. This cultural festival, honoring Filipino American labor leader Larry Itliong, officially began as a state-wide commemoration in 2015. The first three celebrations (2015-2017) were called "The Annual Larry Itliong Day Parade and Festival" and were sponsored by the City of Los Angeles Department of Cultural Affairs (DCA) Arts Activation Fund (AAF). From 2018 onward the commemoration has simply been known as Larry Itliong Day.
 * Annual Polemount Parol Lighting - Local business and family-sponsored parols (Christmas lanterns) line Temple Street to coinciding with festivities in the Philippines. Parols are constructed to resemble the star of Bethlehem and its role as a light to guide the three wise men.
 * Hidden HiFi - The Pilipino Workers Center (PWC) in partnership with LA-based social enterprise Public Matters, hosts an event called Hidden HiFi which promotes events and Jeepney tours.
 * Sunday Jump - a monthly open mic series primarily held at PWC's community halls. It was designated by the Department of Cultural Affairs as one of the cultural treasures of Historic Filipinotown.
 * Baryo HiFi - The first Historic Filipinotown Festival at Beverly Boulevard in AAPI Heritage Month's celebration on May 4, 2024, "commemorates the Filipino community's cultural significance over Greater Los Angeles." The event includes performances by "Yeek, Rini, Esta, and SoSuperSam performances, Kristofferson San Pablo art exhibit, rapper P-Lo and DJ Noodles. "The best of Filipino food" offers The Park's Finest, Lasita, Big Boi, Jollibee, and Wanderlust Creamery.

Filipino Christian Church and St. Columban Filipino Catholic Church
On May 5, 1998, the Los Angeles City Council designated the Filipino Christian Church as Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument No. 651.

The Filipino (Disciples) Christian Church is the only historic cultural monument designated by the City of Los Angeles with Filipino origins, distinguished by its German Gothic Revival and Craftsman architecture. The Disciples of Christ State Board adopted the work with the Filipinos as its mission and called on Rev. and Mrs. Frank Stipp, former missionaries to the Ilocos provinces, to oversee the work. Through them and the Disciples of Christ State Board, a center was later started when the Disciples secured for the Filipino Christian Fellowship four bungalows complete with apartment facilities and a place of worship located at First Street and Bunker Hill, where the Los Angeles Music Center and Walt Disney Concert Hall stand today. It is believed that these quarters sparked the start of what is known now as Historic Filipinotown. Having been the earliest Christian church established to cater to Filipino Americans, many key organizations in the area germinated from this church, including SIPA and the Filipino American Library.

In 2019, the Filipino Christian Church was listed in the National Register of Historic Places by the National Park Service.

Purchased in part by funds donated by Philippines First Lady Aurora Quezon as a gift to the Filipinos in Los Angeles, the St. Columban Filipino Church on Beverly Blvd and Loma Drive has authentic church bells from the City of Antipolo, Philippines. The church sits on Crown Hill, one of the five hills that circled early downtown Los Angeles. In the 1890s, Crown Hill was the epicenter of a massive oil boom when Edward L. Doheny and Charles A. Canfield bought a lot at Colton Street and Glendale Boulevard and, in November 1892, they struck oil.

Gintong Kasaysayan, Gintong Pamana mural
Before the area was designated as Historic Filipinotown, on June 24, 1995, the nation's largest Filipino American mural, Gintong Kasaysayan, Gintong Pamana (Filipino Americans: A Glorious History, A Golden legacy), was unveiled. The mural promotes ethnic solidarity and the fight for historical inclusion of the 'forgotten' or 'invisible' Filipinos in American history. For example, the mural includes Larry Itliong who challenged young Filipino American activists to organize themselves to fight for equality in the 1960s and fought alongside Cesar Chavez to lead the Delano Grape Strike groups (Kim, 1999). The mural also includes apl.de.ap, who is a hip hop performer, rapper, producer, and composer.

In 1997, the City of Los Angeles Board of Cultural Affairs Commissioners awarded the mural its first ever Award of Design Excellence for public art. The mural was likewise featured in Los Angeles County Museum of Art's "Made in California: Art, Image and Identity 1900-200", the Smithsonian Institution's traveling exhibition celebrating 100 years of Filipino migration to the United States called "Singgalot (The Ties That Bind): From Colonial Subjects to Citizens" and the Smithsonian Traveling Exhibition "I Want the Wide American Earth" honoring the history and contributions of Asian and Pacific Islanders in the United States. The mural was painted by then 22-year-old artist Eliseo Art Silva while a junior attending Otis College of Art and Design. According to the artist, "...the mural encapsulates 5,000 years of Filipino and Filipino American history; the design is divided into two parts: the first is historical (represented by the outline of a fish at sea), leading up to the awakening of Filipino national and political consciousness; the second part is dominated by a huge bird with significant Filipino-Americans on its wings, the farm workers on the bottom left and the youth and community on the right."

Unidad Park and Community Garden
The mural originally faced a large community garden called the Candy Chuateco Community Garden. Sponsored by Search to Involve Pilipino Americans, the land was purchased by the City of Los Angeles and converted into the Unidad Park through the Los Angeles Neighborhood Land Trust (LANLT). Unidad Park's design was conceptualized by leaders and stakeholders of the Filipino community, which includes the Philippine Bontoc/Kankana-ey communal gathering place, park features and a community garden referencing the Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, as well as an entrance walkway based on a design by Filipino American Pedro Flores. The park is a destination for the neighborhood with its Dap-ay used by students and the sandbox inside this space used by toddlers, the interactive play area, community garden as well as onsite barbecue grills with matching tables and benches for family gatherings and parties, enhanced by a covered tent to protect park users from the sun and rain.

Street medallions, banners and crosswalks
The crosswalks in Filipinotown have been decorated with traditional Filipino basket-weaving patterns designed by Edwin Frederizo, who also designed the district's street banners. "My design for the permanent art display conveys a message of peace, unity, and harmony amongst the community of Historic Filipinotown. The uniqueness of having Filipino American residents and businesses embedded within a variety of cultures allows for a very rich and conceptual visual art display. The Filipino American culture is influenced by several other cultures (Latino, Chinese and African American) and is fused into a very unique style all its own." Along the streets of Historic FilipinoTown are lamp posts adorned with Filipino cultural medallions. These medallions decorate the tops of lamp posts with different symbols. Roel Punzalan is the artist who designed the streetlight art. His vision for the project was to tie the Filipino values of "kapwa," "lakbay," and "kapayapaan" to the unique interaction of Filipino culture and Historic FilipinoTown. The streetlight art served both as an educational opportunity to share Filipino culture and history and as a way to improve pedestrian safety. Streetlights were placed at 17 different intersections, and about 54 lamp posts were adorned with Punzalan's art.

The Filipino cultural values can be defined as: "kapwa" is "shared humanity or togetherness," "lakbay" is "journey," and "kapayapaan" is "peace". These are the descriptions for each streetlight art:
 * "Kapwa: Shared Humanity - ALL HANDS IN. The Filipino Sun, a symbol of unity, is created by stacking hands in a team huddle, a gesture of unity."
 * "Lakbay: Journey - BUILD BRIDGES. Two figures holding hands to form a bridge symbolizes both the journey to America and the relationships that are created among the various people after they arrive."
 * "Kapayapaan: Peace - EMBRACE PEACE. The parol, a star-shaped lantern symbolizing the Filipino Christmas, is created by interlocking figures in a group hug as a reminder of peace throughout the year."

Punzalan explained that the streetlights highlight the importance of humanity in the Filipino culture and that the people are essential for the culture to last through the challenges and passage of time.

Filipino American WWII Veterans Memorial
In November 2006, Eric Garcetti, then-president of the Los Angeles City Council, joined Filipino veterans from around the country in unveiling the first monument dedicated to the 250,000 Filipino and 7,000 Filipino American soldiers who fought for the United States in World War II. The monument, located in Lake Street Park in the heart of Historic Filipinotown, consists of five slabs of polished black granite and commemorates the history of the Filipino veterans, from WWII to immigration to their subsequent fight for equality. It was designed by artist Cheri Gaulke and the project was led by Joe Bernardo, a former staffer of Eric Garcetti. Inscribed in the front of the memorial is the quote, "Bataan was not our last battlefield. We are still fighting for equity," by Faustino "Peping" Baclig. Baclig, a survivor of the Bataan death march and longtime leader of the movement to gain financial and medical benefits for the veterans comments on the longstanding battle that the Filipino community would face to gain recognition and equality in the country.

Iglesia ni Cristo (INC) Los Angeles Locale Congregation
Located at 141 North Union Avenue, the Iglesia ni Cristo is a Filipino Non-Trinitarian Sect founded in Manila, Philippines in 1914. The group started their overseas mission in 1968. The Los Angeles congregation was one of the earliest locales to be established in the United States after Ewa Beach in Hawaii and San Francisco. It is also one of a few sites in the neighborhood with Filipino vernacular architecture. The facade and spires of this chapel were inspired by the Filipino headgear known as salakot.

Talang Gabay - Our Guiding Star: HIFI Eastern Gateway Monument
Standing 30' tall and 82' wide, this welcome arch to the eastern boundary of the neighborhood is the largest gateway edifice of its kind and the largest monument built to honor Filipino Americans in the United States. The gateway features numerous design elements including the Parol; the Gumamela flower also known as hibiscus, which pays tribute to frontline workers of the COVID-19 Pandemic; and the Sarimanok – all symbols with deep roots in Filipino culture. Designed by Eliseo Art Silva with Celestino Geronimo Jr, the name of the new landmark was culled from the Philippine's own iconic symbol: the Jose Rizal Monument which was named "Motto Stella" (Latin: Guiding Star). The peak of the arch is reminiscent of precolonial Filipino palaces such as the Torogan which also replicates the masts of boats used in the Philippines, which typically have bird motifs perched on top. Additionally, the two ends of the boat are representative of Naga, a mythological sea creature that provides safe passage to sailors. Silva wanted to use imagery that represented homecoming to showcase how Historic Filipinotown provided community and refuge to so many Filipinos in Los Angeles. "When our ancient seafarers see birds in flight, it's like a signal that home is near," he explains. "It's the guiding star. That's what the gateway is symbolizing."

Filipino Designs and Vernacular Architecture in HIFI
Clustered within the vicinity of Beverly-Union are the oldest Filipino Churches of Los Angeles: The Filipino Christian Church (FCC), St. Columban Filipino Catholic Church and the Iglesia Ni Cristo (INC) Kapilya (chapel). These sites are legacies of Filipino Americans who arrived prior to the passage of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 which triggered a population boom, attracting skilled labor to the United States. FCC and St. Columban both have entrances that include stylized "Naga/Bakunawa" rooftop end-beam motifs typical of "Bahay ng Maginoo" precolonial wooden longhouses platformed on stilts built for the "Maginoo" (Nobility) class of pre-Hispanic Philippines. The INC "Kapilya" (Chapel/Cathedral) on Union Avenue has a facade and spires inspired by the Filipino headgear known as salakot. Also within this enclave is Unidad Park which combines the Cordillera Dap-ay (learning circle/gathering place), the entrance walkway shaped like a Yo-yo, the terraced community garden honoring the Rice Terraces of the Philippines and with the building-sized Filipino mural serving as a backdrop to these Filipino design elements.

Further east on Glendale Blvd is Larry Itliong Village Apartments, which is also the main headquarters of the Pilipino Worker's Center. This site combines three Filipino design elements: the "piloti" which was first introduced to this country during the 18th Century by Filipino settlers of St. Malo and Manila Village who built houses made of wood and platformed on stilts; the four inter-woven red bars above the main entrance which pays homage to Filipino baskets, ethnic weaving, the commoner's house (bahay kubo which was essentially built like a basket), and the bamboo dance known as "Tinikling"; with the sun with eight rays of the Philippine flag completing the Filipino branding of the site. The piloti can also be detected at Luzon Plaza Mall along Temple Street, which was named after the largest island of the Philippines. The Spanish-Era Bahay na Bato (House of Stone), which evolved from the precolonial wooden palacial long houses of Filipino Nobility known as "Bahay ng Maginoo", is showcased at the Manila Terrace Apartments along Temple St. The commoner's house called "Bahay Kubo" (nipa hut) can be seen at the Kubo Restaurant at the Corner of Temple St. and Parkview Street. Its teal-green bamboo-tiled roof design elements inspired the proposed design of the projected Eastern Gateway of Historic Filipinotown.

The "Bahay Kubo" vernacular architecture is also evident in the design of the Filipino Cultural Center owned by the Filipino American Community of Los Angeles (FACLA) which proudly extols the Philippine Flag 24/7 in front of its building along Temple Street. Also along Temple Street are 54 bus stops with Filipino lanterns known as Parol and the Philippine Sun of the national flag integrated into the lamp posts. The Western Gateway Marker on the western boundary of the neighborhood integrates the "calado" embroidery with floral and vine motif of the "barong tagalog" and "Maria Clara" national attire of Filipinos on the facade; as well as the "Bakunawa" (Filipino Dragon) (which are carved into both sides of the marker) serving as guardians of the ancient kingdoms of the Philippines in the past, and the HIFI neighborhood of Los Angeles in the present.

In conjunction with the four-month Christmas Season in the Philippines, some of the 10,000 Filipino residents of HIFI display the Parol (Filipino lanterns) in front of their windows or homes as early as September (though most do so after Thanksgiving Day) all the way until the first Sunday of January the following year.

Schools
The following LAUSD schools lie within the established boundaries of Historic Filipinotown:

 * Rosemont Elementary School, 421 Rosemont Avenue
 * Alliance Ted K. Tajima High School, 1552 Rockwood Street

Samahang Pilipino Advancing Community Empowerment (SPACE)
Samahang Pilipino Advancing Community Empowerment (SPACE) is an access project created in 2000 by Samahang Pilipino at UCLA, the official student organization for the Pilipino and Pilipino American communities at UCLA. SPACE addresses and alleviate the barriers to higher education for at-risk, historically underrepresented, underserved high school and community college students in the Los Angeles area. Through peer tutoring, peer advising. student workshops, parent workshops, and field trips, SPACE promotes "academic success, personal well-being, community engagement, and the formulation of solid post-secondary plans".

In 2015, SPACE hosted Philippine Youth Empowerment Day, an event that featured workshops focused on Filipino-American history, identity and representation in the media.

title: Historic Filipinotown, Los Angeles


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Seán Brady (cardinal)

Seán Brady KGCHS (born 16 August 1939) is an Irish cardinal of the Catholic Church. He was Primate of All Ireland and Archbishop of Armagh from 1996 until 2014, and was elevated to the rank of cardinal by Pope Benedict XVI in 2007. He left office in 2014 and was succeeded by Eamon Martin, who had served as Coadjutor Archbishop of Armagh since 2013.

Early life and education
Seán Brady was born in Drumcalpin, near Laragh, County Cavan, to Andrew (d. 1968) and Annie (d. 1990) Brady. One of three children, he has a brother, Con, and a sister, Kitty. He attended Caulfield National School in Laragh and St Patrick's College in Cavan.

In 1957 he entered Maynooth College where he later obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree in Ancient Classics in 1960. He then proceeded to study in Rome at the Pontifical Irish College and Pontifical Lateran University, where he earned a Licentiate in Sacred Theology in 1964. He received a Doctorate in Canon Law at the Lateran University in 1967.

Priesthood
Brady was ordained to the priesthood by Luigi Traglia on 22 February 1964. Finishing his studies at the Pontifical Lateran University, he there earned a doctorate in canon law in 1967.

On his return to Ireland in 1967 he was appointed to the staff of his alma mater of St. Patrick's in Cavan where he remained until 1980. He taught a variety of subjects including Latin, Commerce, Religion, and French, as well as training college football teams at all age levels.

While he was teaching at the school, in 1975, he was present when children signed vows of silence over allegations against a paedophile priest. One of the victims gave him a list of other children being abused by Brendan Smyth, who was convicted in 1994 of dozens of offences over a 40-year period. In his capacity as a notary, he handed over signed statements from the witnesses to his bishop, but did not notify civil authorities. Commenting on coverage of these events in 2012, Brady said that the BBC programme This World had "set out to deliberately exaggerate and misrepresent my role".

When it was announced at the start of summer 1979 that Pope John Paul II would visit Ireland at the end of September there was an urgency for priests with available time, language skills and organisational ability. Brady took a leading (if often understated) role in the practical planning of this historic visit. The following year he returned to Rome as Vice-rector (1980–1987) and later rector (1987–1993) of the Pontifical Irish College. In 1990, he introduced Jack Charlton and the national football team to Pope John Paul II. Following his return to his native country, Brady became parish priest of Castletara (Ballyhaise) in 1993.

Archbishop of Armagh
On 13 December 1994, Brady was appointed as the Coadjutor Archbishop of Armagh by John Paul II. He received his episcopal consecration on 19 February 1995 from Cahal Cardinal Daly, with Archbishop Emanuele Gerada and Bishop Gerard Clifford serving as co-consecrators, at St. Patrick's Cathedral. He selected as his episcopal motto: Jesum Christum Cognoscere, meaning: "To Know Jesus Christ".

Upon Cardinal Daly's retirement on 1 October 1996, Archbishop Brady automatically became Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of All Ireland and was formally enthroned as Metropolitan Archbishop on the following 3 November. He presided over Cardinal Daly's funeral services in January 2010.

On 8 September 2014 it was announced that the Pope had accepted Cardinal Brady's resignation effective that day; Brady was automatically and immediately succeeded by his coadjutor, Archbishop Eamon Martin.

Cardinal
On 24 November 2007, Archbishop Brady was created Cardinal-Priest of Santi Quirico e Giulitta as a symbol of the new cardinal's role in helping the pontiff to minister to the diocese of Rome. Following his elevation to the cardinalate, he joined Cahal Cardinal Daly, Desmond Cardinal Connell and Keith Cardinal O'Brien as one of four living Irish cardinals, a record in Irish history. Senior Vatican figures suggested that the archbishop's positive contribution to the Northern Ireland peace process weighed heavily in Pope Benedict's decision to make him a Cardinal.

Cardinal Brady, as Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of All Ireland, was elected President of the Irish Episcopal Conference.

On 12 June 2008, Pope Benedict named him a member of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity and the Pontifical Council for Culture.

He was one of the cardinal electors who participated in the 2013 papal conclave that elected Pope Francis. He also served as the Grand Prior of the Lieutenancy of Ireland, of the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem, a centuries-old Order of Chivalry dedicated to supporting the Christians of the Holy Land.

Health
In April 2010, Cardinal Brady, who was under pressure to resign and had publicly stated he was considering his position over his role in the cover-up of the activities of a paedophile priest, was officiating at a confirmation ceremony in the parish church of Kildress in County Tyrone, when he fell ill. He remained in a conscious state while waiting for an ambulance to arrive at the church. He is known to suffer from a blood pressure condition. He was admitted to Craigavon Area Hospital for observation.

Same-sex unions in Ireland
On 4 November 2008, Cardinal Brady criticised the Government's plan allowing for the recognition of cohabiting and same-sex couples, describing the plan in the negative sense as "perhaps the greatest revolution in the history of the Irish family" and that instead the Government were obliged by the Constitution to guard the institution of marriage "with special care".

Irish overseas development budget
On 26 October 2009, Cardinal Brady said that further cuts to the Republic of Ireland's overseas development budget would have a devastating impact on the lives of some of the world's poorest people. In a letter to Minister for Finance Brian Lenihan, he said: "These vulnerable people have had no part to play in creating the multiple crises now facing them – climate, financial, food – yet the challenges they face are unprecedented. I appeal to you not to turn your back on them. We must ensure that we maintain our current level of aid spending until such a time as we are in a position to build it up again."

Education
Cardinal Brady said in January 2010, that it was "blatantly unjust" and "a complete red herring" to say that the Catholic Church has no right to be involved in schools that receive State funding, in a strong defence of the role of the church in education. He said that parents had a right to have their children educated in accordance with their philosophical and religious convictions and the State had a duty to support this with public funds. The presumption the Catholic Church wanted to control as many schools as it could, irrespective of parental demands, was increasingly seen to be unfounded, he added.

Abortion
In December 2010 Cardinal Brady said a European Court of Human Rights ruling did not oblige the State to introduce legislation authorising abortion. The European court ruled Ireland has failed to properly implement the constitutional right to abortion where a woman is entitled to one where her life is at risk. Cardinal Brady said the judgment "leaves future policy in Ireland on protecting the lives of unborn children in the hands of the Irish people and does not oblige Ireland to introduce legislation authorising abortion".

Closure of Vatican Embassy
In November 2011 Foreign Minister Eamon Gilmore announced that due to cost-cutting measures, the Irish embassy to the Holy See would close and that the duties of the ambassador would be dealt with by the secretary-general of the department. Cardinal Brady said that the closure "means that Ireland will be without a resident Ambassador to the Holy See for the first time since diplomatic relations were established and envoys were exchanged between the two states in 1929". He added that "This decision seems to show little regard for the important role played by the Holy See in international relations and of the historic ties between the Irish people and the Holy See over many centuries" and went on to say that "It is worth recalling that for the new Irish State, the opening of diplomatic relations with the Holy See in 1929 was a very significant moment. It was very important in asserting the identity and presence of the Irish Free State internationally in view of the fact that Irish diplomatic representation abroad was then confined to the legation in Washington, the office of the high commissioner in London, the permanent delegate to the League of Nations, and the Embassy to the Holy See".

Murphy Report
The Cardinal told RTÉ News in an interview, broadcast in December 2009 after the publication of the Murphy Report, that he was confident Bishop Donal Murray of Limerick will "do the right thing" in terms of considering his position in the wake of criticism in the Dublin diocesan report. He also said in that interview "If I found myself in a situation where I was aware that my failure to act had allowed or meant that other children were abused, well then, I think I would resign."

The unprecedented 15–16 February 2010 summit at the Vatican with Pope Benedict and senior members of the Curia was described by the Cardinal as "one step in a process [...] which will lead to a journey of repentance, renewal and reconciliation". He said that process "hopefully, will gain momentum when we get back to Ireland". At 8:00 am twenty-four of Ireland's diocesan bishops met Pope Benedict and seven leading members of the Curia in the first of three sessions, which continued to 1:00 pm and resume after noon until 8:00 pm The 16 February session began at 8:00 am and ended late that morning. Each Irish bishop spoke for about five minutes.

Brady agreed that there had been "tensions" among the bishops over the fallout from the Murphy Report, "but to describe them as 'divisions' is another matter. Last week at Knock we had a very cordial retreat. Things were thrashed out fully and frankly", he said. Brady brought up popular sentiment in his country that Papal envoy to Ireland Archbishop Giuseppe Leanza should appear before the Foreign Affairs committee of Dáil Éireann, but was told that by practice a nuncio will not appear before a parliamentary committee.

Subsequent revelations and calls for resignation
In March 2010 it became widely known that Brady had participated in an internal Church legal process into the actions of Brendan Smyth in 1975. The process required all participants to maintain the confidentiality of the tribunal. Smyth went on to abuse dozens of children before being brought to justice in 1994. Taken alongside his statement in December, this led to widespread calls for Brady's resignation. The information of this internal process had been publicly available as far back as 10 August 1997 in an article by Declan White in the Mirror.

One of those who was a child interviewed in the internal process is suing Cardinal Brady on the grounds that complaints about Smyth were not reported to the Garda, that steps were not taken to prevent Smyth from committing further assaults, that the children were required to sign oaths not to discuss the complaints and that the failure to report the complaints led to the plaintiff and others not receiving appropriate medical treatment.

The then Labour Party spokesman on social and family affairs, Róisín Shortall, T.D., said Brady was "hopelessly compromised by what has emerged". She said, "There should be a Garda investigation to determine whether or not the failure to report Fr Smyth's crimes to the civil authorities was, itself, a criminal offence."

On 17 March 2010, the deputy First Minister for Northern Ireland, Martin McGuinness, called for Brady to resign.

In May 2010, Brady said that he would not resign as archbishop of Armagh and Primate of All Ireland.

Standing outside Armagh Cathedral, Brady acknowledged there were some who would not agree with his decision but vowed to lead the Church's efforts to improve child protection measures. "It certainly wasn’t an easy decision" he said. "I have listened to a lot of people, reflected as I said I would, I listened to survivors, to priests, to religious people up and down the length of this diocese and I have decided to continue in my present role, to play my part in this diocese. Because I want to maintain the momentum towards better child safeguarding and not alone that, also the momentum towards renewal of the faith, which is essential here and a big challenge."

Brady said the vast majority of people he had spoken to wanted him to remain in post. "I was on pilgrimage to Lourdes yesterday with 800 people from this diocese and not one said they had no confidence in me, they said they wanted me to stay and continue this work." Brady told mass-goers at his Saint Patrick's Day homily in March that he would take a period of time to reflect on his future in the church. He confirmed he would stay on following the announcement yesterday of an all-island audit into how the Church handles abuse allegations. He said he had asked for his own diocese to be inspected by Vatican officials.

In September 2010, Brady asked whether Irish people had lost their capacity for mercy and forgiveness. "Have we become too aggressive and impatient in relation to the weaknesses and failings of others," he asked. Speaking at a mass in Ballaghaderreen, County Roscommon, held to mark the 200th anniversary of St Nathy's College there, he said: "I sometimes wonder if we are in danger of losing our sense of mercy and forgiveness in Ireland today."

In May 2012 the BBC television programme This World found that Brady had the names and addresses of children being abused by the paedophile priest Brendan Smyth, but "did not ensure their safety".

Coadjutor and resignation
In response to a 2010 request Brady made for the appointment of a coadjutor, on 18 January 2013 Pope Benedict named as Coadjutor Archbishop of Armagh 51-year-old Eamon Martin of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Derry, where he had been serving as diocesan administrator. As coadjutor, Martin was the Cardinal's chief deputy with right of succession as Metropolitan Archbishop of Armagh on the death or retirement of the Cardinal.

In July 2014 Brady confirmed that he had tendered his resignation, one month before his seventy-fifth birthday. On 8 September 2014, it was announced that Pope Francis had accepted Brady's resignation.

On his 80th birthday, 16 August 2019, he lost the right to vote in future papal conclaves. However he remains Ireland’s sole member of the College of Cardinals.

title: Seán Brady (cardinal)