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User:Kizzle/smoke/voting machines/issues

Help America Vote Act (HAVA)
- Letter from Bob Ney to Howard Dean

 * Following the chaotic and contentious Florida recall fight that ended up sending the 2000 presidential election to the Supreme Court, Congress moved to prevent any repeat of the dispute ballots, accusations of widespread disenfranchisement and electoral uncertainty that marred the final vote. To remedy the situation, Congress drafted the Help America Vote Act, a federal law aimed at improving voting systems nationwide.

 * The Help Americans Vote Act, sponsored by Steny Hoyer, D-Md., and Bob Ney, R-Ohio, passed Oct. 16, 2002, in the wake of the 2000 presidential election. President Bush signed the measure into law on Oct. 29, 2002.

 * "Florida was clearly the impetus," said the bill's chief sponsor, House Democratic Minority Whip Steny Hoyer from Maryland.

 * The law allows states and local governments to decide which technology to use.

 * Hoyer said voting technologies are available that will meet HAVA requirements, including "optical scan" machines and "direct recording electronic" machines or DREs.
 * Optical scan system: voters use a pen or pencil to fill out a paper ballot similar to standardized test answer sheets familiar to most Americans. A machine then reads each ballot and tallies the vote.
 * Direct Recording Electronic Systems (DREs): voters use electronic devices, somewhat similar to ATMs, to enter their ballot choices. Some DRE machines also include features, such as Braille instructions, headphones and tactile paddles, designed to allow disabled voters to cast a ballot unassisted.
 * Most DRE machines, however, do not leave an individual paper record of a voter's ballot.

 * In a furious effort to prevent its cash cow from becoming a sacrificial lamb, the industry contracted the lobbying powerhouse, the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA), to wage a bitter PR counter-offensive against its perceived enemies.*The industry has also found a quiet but effective partner in Doug Lewis and the Election Center, a 501 c-3 non-profit that helps train and regulate election officials and certify voting machines which has nevertheless accepted donations from the industry while assisting ITAA to develop talking points and lobby the very officials it trains.
 * As ITAA's senior VP of communications, Bob Cohen, said, ITAA's lobbyists arrived on Capitol Hill in 2001 to demonstrate DRE systems for members of congress and to push for a bill which would encourage states to replace their lever and punch-card systems with DRE's.

 * ITAA is America's premier information technology lobbying firm. On its website, it describes itself as "the only trade association representing the broad spectrum of the world-leading U.S. IT industry," an industry which, according to ITAA, represented over $800 billion in spending in 2001. ITAA has over 350 corporate clients including major defense contractors like Boeing and Silicon Valley giants such as EarthLink and Dell.

 * Though HAVA does not mandate that states replace punch-card systems with DRE's, it provides significant encouragement. For instance, HAVA requires that each polling place have a voting machine accessible to people with disabilities. Though there are various disability-accessible systems, many states found purchasing the easily available and aggressively marketed DRE's the easiest way to satisfy this requirement. But perhaps the best motivation state officials had to buy DRE's was HAVA's promise of heaps of federal money. This year alone, congress has earmarked $500 million under HAVA for states to buy new voting systems.

 * "The unfortunate thing about HAVA is it encouraged the states to buy new machines before any standards were put into place, so states tended to buy the shiniest equipment they could find – which was touch screen voting machines [DRE's], although they're not required," said David Dill, a Stanford University computer scientist and leading paper trail proponent.

Diebold

 * ''What is Diebold?
 * Approximately 33- 35% of U.S. computerized vote count (scanners and touchscreen)
 * Ownership: Diebold Inc.
 * Location: North Canton, Ohio
 * History:In 2002 Diebold accquired Global Election Systems http://www.diebold.com/news/newsdisp.asp?id=2840 - founded 1991, which itself acquired the AccuVote system the same year. "From the strength and security of the safes and vaults first manufactured by Charles Diebold in 1859, to the technology-based integrated systems, software, and service that the Company provides today.."  Diebold (and Canada-based Subco) acquire Global Election Systems (a Delaware corp, but always listed as having corporate offices in McKinney Texas) from Global, Canada corp.

 * Charles Diebold, a German immigrant, founded the Company in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1859. The business soon established a national reputation for high-quality safes and vaults. The Company held the patents on at least 67 different safes by 1870.  When disaster struck one of the nation's major cities in 1871, it turned into opportunity for Diebold. Following the Great Chicago Fire, 878 Diebold safes were discovered with their contents unharmed.  Orders soared as a result. The need for expansion sent the Company looking for a new site. In 1872, it moved to Canton, Ohio. Reasons for the move included favorable railroad facilities, opportunities for financial assistance, less expensive coal, high-quality brick building materials, sound banking facilities, an energetic group of merchants, the prior existence of many Diebold safes in the community, room for expansion, and a favorable labor situation.  During the 1880s and 1890s, the Company also made jails, jail corridor doors, hangman trap doors, and padded cells for asylums

 * In 1967, Diebold showed a prototype of the first multi-function ATM at the American Bankers Association Automation Conference. Diebold was a distributor of automatic banking systems from 1970 until 1973, when it introduced its own TABS 500 Total Automatic Banking System

 * 2002 Diebold enters the US self-service elections industry through the acquisition of Global Election Systems, a leader in touchscreen voting technology

 * ''What other products does Diebold manufacture besides voting machines?
 * Agilis ATM Software
 * Agilis® is an open software platform -- which means it's based on technology that's widely known and used -- instead of the proprietary technologies of the past. Agilis takes advantage of leading, industry-standard technology like XFS service providers, TCP/IP, INvolve® middleware, and more -- and runs in the ubiquitous Windows® operating system. (Commercial)
 * Optiva ATM Hardware
 * Since its introduction in 2003, more than 10,000 Opteva ATMs have been purchased by the world's leading financial institutions. More than 4,000 of these are installed. And demand remains high for our revolutionary brand of ATMs (Video on ATM Security)

 * ''Who is the president of Diebold?
 * ''What ties does Diebold share with politicians?
 * Walden O'Dell CEO of Diebold said he was "committed to helping Ohio deliver its electoral voes to the President . O'Dell has defended his actions, telling the Cleveland Plain Dealer "I'm not doing anything wrong or complicated." But he also promised to lower his political profile and "try to be more sensitive." But the Diebold boss' partisan cards are squarely on the table. And, when it comes to the Diebold board room, O'Dell is hardly alone in his generous support of the GOP.

 * One of the longest-serving Diebold directors is W.R. "Tim" Timken. Like O'Dell, Timken is a Republican loyalist and a major contributor to GOP candidates. Since 1991 the Timken Company and members of the Timken family have contributed more than a million dollars to the Republican Party and to GOP presidential candidates such as George W. Bush. Between 2000 and 2002 alone, Timken's Canton-based bearing and steel company gave more than $350,000 to Republican causes, while Timken himself gave more than $120,000. This year, he is one of George W. Bush's campaign Pioneers, and has already pulled in more than $350,000 for the president's reelection bid.

 * According to campaign finance records at OpenSecrets.org, of the over $240,000 given by Diebold’s directors and chief officers to political campaigns since 1998, all has gone to Republican candidates or party funds.

 * ''Does Diebold management have a criminal record?
 * Dec. 17 2003 - "At least five convicted felons secured management positions at a manufacturer of electronic voting machines, according to critics demanding more stringent background checks for people responsible for voting machine software.
 * "The programmer Jeffrey Dean wrote and maintained proprietary code used to count hundreds of thousands of votes as senior vice president of Global Election Systems, or GES. Diebold purchased GES in January 2002. According to a public court document released before GES hired him, Dean served time in a Washington state correctional facility for stealing money and tampering with computer files in a scheme that "involved a high degree of sophistication and planning in the use and alteration of records in the computerized ... system that defendant maintained for the victim." (23 counts of First Degree Theft, case 89-1-04034-1)

 * Jeff Dean was specifically involved in the King County voting system, and is also mentioned specifically in the Diebold memos in connection with programming optical-scan software and the touch-screen Windows CE versions. King County provided him with a key to the computer room, the passcode to the GEMS computer and 24-hour access to the building. Diebold have indicated that he left when they took over GES, however internal records show he was retained, and continued to act as a "consultant".

 * King County WA. is the same county which Diebold internal memos say "are famous" for illicit access to voting systems and where a 3 hour section is missing from a security log during the September 2004 Primary.

 * "The other reported felons included a cocaine trafficker [John Elder] and a man convicted of engaging in fraudulent stock transactions."

ES&S

 * ''What is ES&S and its history?
 * 56% of the U.S. national vote for the past four presidential elections.
 * Handle(s) more than 40,000 of the world's most important events and elections. In the U.S. 2000 general election, ES&S systems counted over 100 million ballots."
 * Established: 1999 (how can they have monitored last 4 presidential elections if they were established in 1999? Just a question :))
 * Ownership: The World Companies (a wholly owned subsidiary of the Omaha World-Herald Company), The McCarthy Group (an Omaha investment banking company whose primary investor is World Investments, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Omaha World-Herald Co.), Business Records Corp. (BRC), and American Information Systems (AIS) employees.
 * In 1999, American Information Systems (AIS), purchased Business Records Corp (BRC) to become ES&S
 * AIS (1980) was formerly Data Mark (1979), both founded by brothers Bob and Todd Urosevich. Bob is currently president of Diebold (see below). Todd Urosevich is Vice President, Aftermarket Sales of ES&S.

 * AIS was primarily funded with money from Ahmanson brothers, William and Robert, of H.F. Ahmanson Co., holding company for the nation's largest savings and loan association and a group of Omaha-based insurance companies, at the time.

 * Howard Ahmanson belongs to Council for National Policy (hard right wing organization).
 * Howard Ahmanson also helps finance The Chalcedon Institute:
 * "Established in 1965, Chalcedon (kal-SEE-dun) is a non-profit 501(c)(3) and Christian educational organization devoted to research, publishing, and promoting Christian reconstruction in all areas of life... Our emphasis on the Cultural or Dominion Mandate (Genesis 1:28) and the necessity of a return to Biblical Law has been a a crucial factor in the challenge to Humanism by Christians in this country and elsewhere... A world that is increasingly pessimistic and disillusioned with the failure of secular Humanism is now feeling the impact of Christians who are exercising dominion and reclaiming lost spheres of authority for Christ the King."
 * The organization's purpose is to establish Old Testament Biblical law as the standard for society. Chalcedon promotes Christian Reconstructionism -- which mandates Christ's dominion over all the world.

 * Senator Chuck Hagel (R-NE) was Chairman of the Board of AIS (resigned 1995) and was also president of McCarthy & Company (resigned 1996). Michael R. McCarthy is Hagel's current campaign treasurer.

 * Hagel may still be an investor in the McCarthy Group, see

 * ''Who is the president of ES&S?

 * Chuck Hagel, current U.S. senator for Nebraska ('96)
 * Later joined McCarthy & Co.
 * 1981, Ronald Reagan nominated Hagel to serve as Deputy Administrator of the Veterans Administration, a nomination confirmed by the United States Senate.
 * 1971-1977, he was administrative assistant (secretary) to Congressman John Y. McCollister (R-Nebraska)
 * 1969, Hagel worked as a conservative talk show host with radio stations KBON and KLNG in Omaha, Nebraska.
 * Hagel served in Vietnam in 1968 with his brother Tom.
 * Jeb Bush's first choice for running mate in 1998 for Florida Gov.
 * ''Describe Hagel's run for congressThe Hill

 * In 1992, Investment banker Chuck Hagel, president of McCarthy & Co, became chairman of AIS. Hagel, who had been touted as a possible Senate candidate in 1993, was again on the list of likely GOP contenders heading into the 1996 contest. On March 15, according to a letter provided by Hagel's Senate staff, he resigned from the AIS board, noting that he intended to announce his candidacy. A few days later, he did just that.

 * 8 months after stepping down from AIS, Hagel surprised national pundits and defied early polls by defeating Benjamin Nelson, the state's popular former governor. It was Hagel's first try for public office.

 * Nebraska elections officials told The Hill that machines made by AIS probably tallied 85 percent of the votes cast in the 1996 vote, although Nelson never drew attention to the connection.

 * A request for a hand recount for the vote was rebuffed, because Hagel's margin of victory was so large.

 * In a disclosure form filed in 1996, covering the previous year, Hagel, then a Senate candidate, did not report that he was still chairman of AIS for the first 10 weeks of the year, as he was required to do.

 * As might be expected, Hagel has been generously supported by his investment partners at McCarthy & Co. -- since he first ran, Hagel has received about $15,000 in campaign contributions from McCarthy & Co. executives. And Hagel still owns more than $1 million in stock in McCarthy & Co., which still owns a quarter of ES&S.

 * When Bev Harris and The Hill's Alexander Bolton pressed the Chief Counsel and Director of the Senate Ethics Committee, the man responsible for ensuring that FEC disclosures are complete, asking him why he'd not questioned Hagel's 1995, 1996, and 2001 failures to disclose the details of his ownership in the company that owned the voting machine company when he ran for the Senate, the Director reportedly met with Hagel's office on Friday, January 25, 2003 and Monday, January 27, 2003. After the second meeting, on the afternoon of January 27th, the Director of the Senate Ethics Committee resigned his job.

 * Nebraska has a just-passed law that prohibits government-employee election workers from looking at the ballots, even in a recount. Now, the only machines permitted to count votes in Nebraska, [Charles Matulka] said, are those made and programmed by the corporation formerly run by Hagel.

 * ''What political ties does ESS&S have?

 * ''What happened to the Hill when it tried to publish a story detailing Hagel's conflict of interest?

Sequoia

 * ''What is Sequoia?
 * Ownership: 85% De La Rue  15% Jefferson Smurfit Group
 * "De La Rue (London, UK) is the world 's largest commercial security printer and papermaker, involved in the production of over 150 national currencies and a wide range of security documents such as travellers cheques and vouchers. Employing almost 7,000 people across 31 countries, the company is also a leading provider of cash handling equipment and software solutions to banks and retailers worldwide helping them to reduce the cost of handling cash. We are also pioneering new technologies including tailored solutions to protect the world 's brands through to government identity solutions in secure passports, identity cards and driver 's licences. De La Rue has a 20% shareholding in Camelot - the operator of the UK National Lottery."
 * "The Jefferson Smurfit Group... (Ireland) is one of the largest European-based manufacturers of containerboard, corrugated containers and other paper-based packaging products. In addition to wholly owned operations, the Group has interests in several associated companies, the principal of which is Smurfit-Stone Container Corporation (SSCC). Spanning 4 continents and 30 countries, JSG and its associates employ some 68,000 people and are significant players in Europe, Latin America and North America."

 * ''What is the history of Sequoia?
 * Sequoia bought Business Records Corporation's optical scan vote tabulation business as part of a 1997 Dept. of Justice anti-trust action. JUSTICE DEPARTMENT REQUIRES VOTING MACHINE MANUFACTURERS TO SELL OFF VOTING TABULATION BUSINESS IN ORDER TO MERGE After the Department of Justice expressed concern about the possible anticompetitive effects of a merger between two voting machine manufacturers--American Information Systems and Business Records Corp.--Business Records agreed to sell its optical scan vote tabulation business to a third party. Optical scan vote tabulation equipment is used by state and local governments to run elections. Attorneys General from eight states--Texas, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Florida, Arizona, Washington, Rhode Island, and Pennsylvania--participated in the investigation.Omaha, Nebraska-based American Information Systems and Dallas-based Business Records are two of only three manufacturers of optical scan vote tabulation equipment in the U.S.Sequoia Pacific Systems of Exeter, California, a division of St. Louis, Missouri-based Smurfit Packaging Corp., will buy Business Records' optical scan vote tabulation business. Sequoia Pacific is a leading maker of direct recording electronic vote tabulation equipment with substantial experience in the elections business.Under the terms of the divestiture, Sequoia Pacific will immediately be able to compete for sales of such products."State and local governments--like any other consumers-- rely on competition to get fair prices," said Joel I. Klein, Assistant Attorney General in charge of the Department's Antitrust Division. "This divestiture preserves competition for voting machines, which is the best way to ensure that taxpayers and voters are protected from high prices and low quality."Optical scan vote tabulation equipment electronically counts and records ballots. This equipment differs from other types of vote tabulation equipment in several respects, most notably in its use of paper ballots, and is viewed by many state and local governments to be the preferred way to record votes accurately. Like most products sold to public entities, optical scan vote tabulation equipment is generally sold through a competitive bidding process. Business Records Corporation had 1996 revenues in all of its product lines of about $100 million.American Information Systems is an unincorporated, wholly owned subsidiary of the Omaha World-Herald Company. American Information Systems' 1996 sales in all of its product lines were about $14.3 million.Sequoia Pacific Systems is a division of Smurfit Packaging Corporation, which is owned by the Jefferson Smurfit Group plc. Jefferson Smurfit Group is headquartered in Dublin, Ireland and had 1996 revenues of about IR£2,594,141,000, with its U.S. operations accounting for IR£185,054,000 of that total.The Department said that additional assistance was provided by the offices of the State Attorneys General of Oregon, Oklahoma, Michigan and Iowa. Working closely with state enforcers on matters of mutual interest has been a major priority of the Antitrust Division. Source:

 * ''Is there really a connection between Sequoia Pacific and criminal activity? (Need to find better sources for the following, DEFINETELY need to substantiate claims like this, but if true this is going to be a shocker!)

 * 1995 SEC litigation: SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION v. SEQUOIA SYSTEMS, INC., GABRIEL P. FUSCO, KENT R. ALLEN, KEITH D. JOHNSON, AND EDWIN J. HUDSON, JR., Civil Action No. 95-0321 (D.D.C. February 16, 1995). "The Complaint, filed on February 16, 1995, alleges that Hudson, a former Sequoia salesman, together with three former officers of Sequoia, engaged in a fraudulent scheme to inflate the revenue and pre-tax income reported by Sequoia in its periodic and annual reports and financial statements that were publicly disseminated and filed with the Commission. Sequoia is a Nasdaq-listed company headquartered in Marlborough, Massachusetts, engaged in the design, manufacture and service of fault-tolerant computer systems. Specifically, the Complaint alleges that Sequoia made materially false and misleading statements in all but one of its quarterly reports filed with the Commission during fiscal 1991 and 1992, as well as in its 1991 and 1992 annual reports. Sequoia recognized and recorded sales revenue notwithstanding the fact that the consummation of the sales transactions and Sequoia's receipt of payment for its products were contingent upon future events, or in circumstances where there was no binding sales contract."

 * The Big Louisiana Election Scandal of 1999-?: Sequoia has been plagued by scandal. And it has some of the earmarks of an outrun run by organized crime. In 1996 right wing Republican Woody Jenkins lost to (increasingly conservative) Democrat Mary Landrieu for U.S. Senate seat. Jenkin's investigation led to federal charges of bribery of election officials. Sequoia Pacific’s Regional Manager, Phil Foster, and their regional sales executive, Pasquale (Rocco) Ricci (also owner of New Jersey-based Independent Voting Machine Services), were indicted for paying out about $8 million in bribes to Louisiana Commissioner of Elections Jerry Fowler. Glenn Boord and Ralph Escudero, also involved, owned Uni-lect, which was associated with Sequoia Pacific. They pled guilty to conspiracy to compound a felony. According to Asst. Dist. Atty. Sandra Reber, "Foster’s hands-on involvement was Foster's recruitment of his own brother-in-law, Donald Philpot of Birmingham, Alabama, (owner of Election Services Inc.) to help launder the kickbacks." J. Herbert Webb, president of Electec, Inc. was also involved. Fowler may have paid as much as $8 million more than required to buy machines, parts and maintenance services from Pasquale Ricci and David Philpot. In all, 22 people were indicted on charges related to a department whose primary responsibility is warehousing and maintaining the state's voting machines. Nine have pleaded guilty. Ricci, amazingly, got a one year home detention. Fowler got over 50 months in prison. Sources:

 * Voting Machine Service Center, Inc.? address, 2 quotes to town supervisors, same owners?

Electec, Inc. electecinc@home.com 41 East Monroe Street, P.O. Box 79, Mount Holly, NJ 8060 Ph: [1] 609-265-8181 Sales Contact: J. Herbert Webb, President (electecinc@home.com) [1] 800-833-9912 Description: Sales and service of AVM and Shoup voting machines and Global Election Systems AccuVote electronic voting systems. Equipment sales and rental. Printing of digitized poll books using our easy-view binder system. Complete inventory of parts for both Shoup and AVM mechanical machines. According to Daniel Hopsicker, Harold and Herb Webb are twin brothers operating election service industry companies in New Jersey. These companies, Garden State Elections (Mt.Holly, NJ) and Elec-tec (Birmingham, AL - ), were used to conceal transactions involving election services industry giant Sequoia Pacific, according to court documents, which fingered that company last week for orchestrating a 10-year long bribery scheme involving the Commissioner of Elections for Louisiana. Did Louis Wolfson own Sequoia as alledged by Hopsicker? "Only a generation ago, (1969) Supreme Court Justice Abe Fortas was compelled to resign after it was revealed that he had given private legal advice to financier Louis Wolfson and received payments from the Wolfson family foundation while on the high court. Fortas was a corrupt Democratic Party crony of President Lyndon Johnson, but he never took part in any case directly affecting Wolfson's interests, let alone his own family's, as Thomas and Scalia have done in Bush v. Gore."

 * ''Hopsicker says that Ricci got his start from Shoup. Where's the proof?

 * ''Hopsicker says that Sequoia also makes slot machines. True?

 * Sequoia Pacific has a "long connection" with criminal activity, including connections to the Gambino Family.
 * "[In respect of Sequoia there is] clear and convincing evidence that the company has been run, perhaps for decades, as a Continuing Criminal Enterprise specializing in blatant and widespread bribery of public officials, with numerous felony convictions, Mob ties, and a history replete with stories of threats, coercion..."

 * Sample cases - (1) Sequoia attempted bribery at a luncheon hosted by Salvatore Reale, a Gambino underboss who later pled guilty to racketeering, New York City, (2) Company’s founder, Lloyd A. Dixon Jr. indicted by federal grand jury for bribing Buffalo election officials, (3) Company fined nearly $50,000 for bribing Texas and Arkansas officials, (4) Next owner of Sequoia Pacific, financier Louis Wolfson became convicted of bribing the only Supreme Court Justice ever forced to resign in disgrace, (5) Louisiana’s Commissioner of Elections Jerry Fowler convicted of taking as much as ten million dollars over a period of a decade from Sequoia’s Southeast Representative, a man named Pasquale "Rocco" Ricci, from New Jersey. (6) US Attorneys refused or unable to "confirm or deny" if Ricci was connected to organised crime.

 * Official action - Allegations of voting irregularities by Republican Jenkins led to a year-long investigation. The probe quickly came across evidence of massive bribery, which became the focus of the investigation that followed, leading to charges that an election officer (Fowler) had spent $8.6 million in state money on "worthless" election equipment, and taken kickbacks from voting machine contractors working for Sequoia Pacific, in a scheme engineered by that company's executives. Fowler sentenced to five years in prison. Media did not mention the name of the company on whose behalf he was being bribed, Sequoia Pacific.

 * It began its modern life as Automatic Voting Machine, spun off to shareholders of Defense contractor Rockwell in the 1960s. The company’s founder, Lloyd A. Dixon Jr. resigned as president and CEO on Jan. 10, 1973, and later went to prison, after being indicted by a New York federal grand jury for bribing Buffalo election officials.

 * The company was fined nearly $50,000 for bribing Texas and Arkansas officials.

 * Sequoia Pacific, financier and corporate raider Louis Wolfson. Wolfson was convicted of bribing the only Supreme Court Justice ever forced to resign in disgrace, “Dishonest Abe” Fortas.

 * Fortas cut himself a deal. He taped phone calls, at the FBI’s behest, with Wolfson, who was pleading with the Supreme Court Justice to dummy up. In the transcripts of these phone calls the word  ‘cover-up’ enters the American lexicon for the first time.

 * Dixon’s main competitor, Ransom Shoup, also got sent to the Big House, in 1979. The company which became E S & S, barely escaped a Justice Dept. investigation, but only after a change in Administrations in Washington.

 * “We had to get Ronald Reagan elected President to get this thing (the investigation) killed, “quipped E S & S’s President at the time.

 * We first learned of Sequoia Pacific’s penchant for greasing the palms of corrupt public officials from the well-publicized news accounts in the year 2000 about Louisiana’s Commissioner of Elections Jerry Fowler, convicted of taking as much as ten million dollars over a period of a decade from Sequoia’s Southeast Representative, a man named Pasquale "Rocco" Ricci, from Marlton, New Jersey.

 * Another discovery was that, like the CIA, Sequoia Pacific operates through a number of dummy front companies. For example, two Florida election execs, Glenn Boord and Ralph Escudero, pled guilty to conspiracy to compound a felony (public bribery), who had owned a paper voting-machine company called Uni-lect, which was just a front for Sequoia Pacific.

 * Pasquale "Rocco" Ricci's company, International Voting Machines, was also really Sequoia Pacific. So too was Harold Webb's Garden State Elections. (And also Herb Webb's Elec-tec.)

 * Webb, a New Jersey elections equipment executive who participated in the bribery and kickback scheme that resulted in the conviction of Fowler, also played a key role in the infamous Martin County, Florida drama over Republican absentee ballots in the 2000 election.

 * Long-time Louisiana Governor Earl Long once claimed that with the right elections commissioners he could make the voting machines play “Home Sweet Home.”

 * Palm Beach County uses machines from Sequoia Voting Systems. (The company which has so far received the most critical scrutiny, Cleveland-based Diebold Election Systems, has no touch-screen machines in use in Florida.)

Problems with Voting Machines

 * ''How secure are voting machines?
 * ES&S voting machines are attached to modems, so they can be operated/accessed from offsite locations.

 * ''Describe the incident where an alert poll worker noticed Gore's votes going down. Why did it occur?  Why did Diebold say this occured?  Is there explanation plausible?
 * ''What kind of bugs are associated with voting machines?
 * ''Who verified these bugs?
 * ''Were these bugs fixed?
 * ''Why was there only one password (1111)?
 * ''Why did a programmer insert "This is just a hack for now"?
 * ''Have voting machines been cracked before?

 * ''Did Diebold know that its product was certified and tested? Did it present them as such?[http:/www.equalccw.com/lewisdeconstructed.pdf]

 * Exhibit A, internal documents from lawyers for Texas-based Diebold Election Systems, Inc. In these documents, the attorneys concede that the company used uncertified voting machines during elections before January 28, 2004.
 * The memos also state that such actions would violate both California election law and, by extension, Diebold’s $12.7 million contract with Alameda County. The memos don’t specify a particular election that was mishandled.

 * These Diebold memos (see links below)were unearthed by the Oakland Tribune and became the basis for a Tuesday story by reporter Ian Hoffman. The source of the memos, the law firm Jones Day, went to court last week demanding a return of the documents. Jones Day also sought to prevent the newspaper from publishing additional articles based on the documents, raising the same First Amendment issues addressed most famously in the Pentagon Papers case. A Los Angeles Superior Court judge ordered the newspaper to return some of them, but the matter is in limbo pending ongoing court motions.

 * Diebold has conceded that it violated California regulations by using uncertified software in the March 2 election. This misstep occurred even though the Diebold internal memos had previously warned the company precisely of this problem. These memos also talk of greater legal culpability if the company knowingly violated California election law. The documents offer a potentially damning indictment of a company that failed to fly right despite in-house warnings.

 * ''How verifiable/reliable are voting machines?
 * ES&S supplied the touch screens for Miami-Dade and Broward counties where the worst machine failures occurred. But the debacle was nothing new for ES&S. Associated Press (AP) reporter Jessica Fargen wrote in June 2000, "Venezuela's president and the head of the nation's election board accused ES&S of trying to destabilize the country's electoral process. In the United States, four states have reported problems with equipment supplied by the company. Faulty ES&S machines used in Hawaii's 1998 elections forced that state's first-ever recount." (Oh we HAVE to mention Venezuala recall now)

 * ''Why is there no paper trail?
 * ''What is the history in congress that deals with debate over paper trails?

Impact of Electronic Voting

 * ''What influence do electronic voting machines have over international elections?
 * Unisys has successfully implemented national voter registration, identification, and integrated electronic election systems for Brazil (100 million registered voters), South Africa (20 million), Malaysia (10 million), Dominican Republic (4 million), Costa Rica (2 million), and Panama (2 million). Unisys has also successfully implemented Internet-based election results real-time reporting systems for Rome, Italy and for the State of Minnesota. In partnership with Election Systems and Software (ES&S), Unisys has successfully implemented in the United Kingdom multi-channel voting pilot test systems -including touch-screen voting, kiosk voting, postal voting, Internet voting, telephone voting, and digital television voting. Unisys has offices in more than 100 countries."

 * ''How many votes were cast electronically in the 2004 Election?
 * ''In percentage of national votes
 * ''In percentage of votes in Ohio (and maybe Florida)


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Weil–Châtelet group

In arithmetic geometry, the Weil–Châtelet group or WC-group of an algebraic group such as an abelian variety A defined over a field K is the abelian group of principal homogeneous spaces for A, defined over K. named it for who introduced it for elliptic curves, and, who introduced it for more  general groups. It plays a basic role in the arithmetic of abelian varieties, in particular for elliptic curves, because of its connection with infinite descent.

It can be defined directly from Galois cohomology, as $$H^1(G_K,A)$$, where $$G_K$$ is the absolute Galois group of K. It is of particular interest for local fields and global fields, such as algebraic number fields. For K a finite field, proved that the Weil–Châtelet group is trivial for elliptic curves, and  proved that it is trivial for any connected algebraic group.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Weil–Châtelet group


text:
Exiled (2006 film)

Exiled is a 2006 Hong Kong action drama film produced and directed by Johnnie To, and starring Anthony Wong, Francis Ng, Nick Cheung, Josie Ho, Roy Cheung and Lam Suet, with special appearances by Richie Jen and Simon Yam. The action takes place in contemporary Macau. The film made its premiere at the 63rd Venice International Film Festival, and was in competition for the Golden Lion.

Plot
In 1998 Macau, former mobster Wo (Nick Cheung) lives quietly with his wife, Jin (Josie Ho), and his newborn child in a nondescript apartment, having turned over a new leaf. But vengeful mob boss Fay (Simon Yam)—whom Wo once tried to assassinate—has dispatched a pair of ageing hitmen to cut that peaceful existence short. Once arrived, Wo's childhood friends and hitmen Blaze (Anthony Wong), Fat (Lam Suet), Tai (Francis Ng) and Cat (Roy Cheung), who are determined to protect Wo. After a brief showdown, the whole group comes to an uneasy truce, lay their weapons down and bond over dinner— after all, these men grew up together in the same gang. Reunited and hungry for another score, they visit a fixer called Jeff (Cheung Siu-fai), who gives the gang the job of killing a rival boss, Boss Keung (Gordon Lam), as well as telling them about the location of a large quantity of gold being transported for a corrupt official. Wo makes the gang promise that if anything happens to him, his wife and son will be looked after.

Later that night the friends find Boss Keung in a restaurant; however, Boss Fay, wanting to take over the other boss's territory, interrupts the meeting. Boss Fay recognising Blaze sitting in the restaurant, openly chastises and humiliates him for not killing Wo, culminating in Fay shooting Blaze. However unbeknownst to Fay, Blaze is wearing a bulletproof vest and survives. Wo, seeing this, opens fire before Fay can finish Blaze off. A gunfight erupts in the restaurant with Fay being shot in the leg and Keung in the arm. The two bosses come to an agreement to share territory and profits, further agreeing to kill the gang of friends. Having narrowly escaped the restaurant shootout the friends decide to take a severely shot Wo to an underground clinic for medical assistance. After negotiating a price, the doctor operates removing the bullets from Wo. However, as he is sewing up Wo's wound, there is a loud banging at the door. Having heard this the remainder of the waiting friends hide in the doctor's flat. The door is answered and both Fay and Keung burst in seeking help for their injuries sustained in the restaurant shootout. Fay pushes a still unconscious Wo out of the way and orders the doctor to tend to his wound first. Meanwhile, Keung takes a look around the flat and comes across a hiding Fat. Realizing that they have been found, the gang begin to dispatch the bosses' henchmen. Meanwhile, Wo wakes up and slowly gets to his feet to escape before collapsing. The rest of the friends not knowing where Wo has got to, make an exit down the back of the apartment. However whilst escaping across the back courtyard, Boss Fay throws Wo from a high window and pins down Wo's friends preventing any rescue attempt. The gang desperately try to retrieve their critically injured but still alive friend but Fay still shoots at them and even manages to shoot Wo. Quick thinking Fat seeing that his friend has come to rest on some tarpaulin pulls Wo to safety and the gang escape. Now in the car Wo knowing he is near death, asks to be taken back to his wife and son. Wo dies shortly after.

Handing Wo's body over to his wife, Jin, she demands to know what has happened and in her grief opens fire on Blaze and Tai who run away. Jin contemplates killing herself and her son but thinks better of it. She instead smashes up the furniture in the house and makes a funeral pyre for Wo. She then sets fire to Wo and the flat and leaves with her son. The reduced gang leave the city in search of the gold. After coming across the heavily guarded convoy carrying the gold, they flip a coin to decide whether to hijack it or not. The coin comes up tails meaning they will not proceed with the robbery. After carrying on down the road however the come across the convoy being ambushed by another gang. They witness all the police officers bar one crack-shot being killed. The friends decide to help the officer (Richie Jen) by dispatching the rest of the gang. The friends appreciating the policeman's sharp shooting decide to split the gold with him and drive off to a hidden dock to transport the gold to the mainland and a new life. Meanwhile, back in the city, Jin still furious about the death of her husband goes looking for the friends, asking many people until she is recognised by the fixer Jeff who in turn contacts his boss, Boss Fay.

Fay with a captured Jin calls a gloating Blaze, who is then informed of the situation. He is told to meet Fay at midnight otherwise Jin and her son will be killed. Determined to protect Jin after Wo's death, the friends agree and leave the officer at the dock with the gold telling him they will return by dawn. Once at the meeting place the four friends are confronted by Jin, whom Fay allows to shoot Blaze in revenge. However Blaze is again hit in the chest, surviving due to his bullet proof vest. Tai steps in, throwing a bag of gold at Fay's feet telling him that he can have it all if Fay lets them all go. Fay agrees, but tells them Blaze must stay to face the consequences of not following orders. Blaze agrees to this deal and the remainder of the friends leave with Jin. However, as they leave, Tai informs Jin of the boat and the policeman and tells her to drive there. With Jin safe the greatly outnumbered friends open fire. In the resulting gunfight all are killed, including Boss Fay and Boss Keung. As the friends lie dying they all smile knowing they have kept their promise to Wo.

Cast

 * Anthony Wong as Blaze
 * Francis Ng as Tai
 * Nick Cheung as Wo
 * Josie Ho as Jin, Wo's wife
 * Roy Cheung as Cat
 * Lam Suet as Fat
 * Richie Jen as Sergeant Chen (special appearance)
 * Simon Yam as Boss Fay (special appearance)
 * Gordon Lam as Boss Keung
 * Cheung Siu-fai as Jeff
 * Tam Ping-man as Uncle Fortune
 * Benz Hui as Sergeant Shan
 * Ellen Chan as Hooker
 * Wong Chi-wai as Darkie

Festivals
Exiled was shown in Competition at the 63rd Venice International Film Festival. It was also shown at the 2006 Toronto International Film Festival, the 2007 Bangkok International Film Festival, 2007 8th Jeonju International Film Festival, 2008 Midnight Sun Film Festival and the 2007 Seattle International Film Festival.

Category III Rating
The film was awarded a Category III rating (18+ restriction), particularly for one scene showing Simon Yam's character shaking hands with another gangster with their left hands turned around, making a triads agreement handshake. The scene is present on the Mega-Star uncut Limited Edition DVD. However, only the Category IIB cut version was released in Hong Kong theatrically.

Box office
Exiled was released in Hong Kong on 19 October. The film, on opening weekend, grossed a total of US$47,533. The film's total HK box-office take was US$687,434.

It was later released in the United States with an R-rating by the MPAA "for strong violence and some sexual content." Following its limited released in the United States, Exiled grossed US$20,351 on opening weekend. The film's total gross was US$49,413.

Distribution
Magnolia Pictures acquired the North American rights of Exiled and the film was given a limited release as of 31 August 2007. The North American DVD version of the film was released on 11 January 2008.

Critical reception
Exiled received fairly good reviews in the United States. The film is currently one of the highest-rated limited-release films of 2007 on Rotten Tomatoes at 82%. Critics often made comparisons to the early Spaghetti Western pictures made by filmmakers such as Sergio Leone and Sam Peckinpah, hailing the film for its action sequences and dark humour. Newsweek Magazine even awarded the film at number 4 as one of 2007's "Best Action Movie Scenes"

Some critics, however, were less enthusiastic by the film. Film critic Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times, awarded the film a 2.5 star rating, writing:

Johnnie To, the director, is highly respected in this genre, and I suppose he does it about as well as you'd want it to be done, unless you wanted acting and more coherence.

Remake
Hong Kong film distributor Media Asia Group has announced a remake of Exiled. The company brokered a deal with film producer Samuel Hadida, who is attached as a producer.

The Indian Malayalam film Bachelor Party, released on 15 June 2012, is an uncredited remake of the film Exiled.

title: Exiled (2006 film)


text:
Selmer group

In arithmetic geometry, the Selmer group, named in honor of the work of  by, is a group constructed from an isogeny of abelian varieties.

The Selmer group of an isogeny
The Selmer group of an abelian variety A with respect to an isogeny f : A → B of abelian varieties can be defined in terms of Galois cohomology as

 * $$\operatorname{Sel}^{(f)}(A/K)=\bigcap_v\ker(H^1(G_K,\ker(f))\rightarrow H^1(G_{K_v},A_v[f])/\operatorname{im}(\kappa_v))$$

where Av[f] denotes the f-torsion of Av and $$\kappa_v$$ is the local Kummer map $$B_v(K_v)/f(A_v(K_v))\rightarrow H^1(G_{K_v},A_v[f])$$. Note that $$H^1(G_{K_v},A_v[f])/\operatorname{im}(\kappa_v)$$ is isomorphic to $$H^1(G_{K_v},A_v)[f]$$. Geometrically, the principal homogeneous spaces coming from elements of the Selmer group have Kv-rational points for all places v of K. The Selmer group is finite. This implies that the part of the Tate–Shafarevich group killed by f is finite due to the following exact sequence

 * 0 → B(K)/f(A(K)) → Sel(f)(A/K) → Ш(A/K)[f] → 0.

The Selmer group in the middle of this exact sequence is finite and effectively computable. This implies the weak Mordell–Weil theorem that its subgroup B(K)/f(A(K)) is finite. There is a notorious problem about whether this subgroup can be effectively computed: there is a procedure for  computing it that will terminate with the correct answer if there is some prime p such that the p-component of  the Tate–Shafarevich group is finite. It is conjectured that the Tate–Shafarevich group is in fact finite, in which case any prime p would work. However, if (as seems unlikely) the Tate–Shafarevich group has an infinite p-component for every prime p, then the procedure may never terminate.

has generalized the notion of Selmer group to more general p-adic Galois representations and to p-adic variations of motives in the context of Iwasawa theory.

The Selmer group of a finite Galois module
More generally one can define the Selmer group of a finite Galois module M (such as the kernel of an isogeny) as the elements of H1(GK,M) that have images inside certain given subgroups of H1(GK v ,M).

title: Selmer group


text:
Municipality of the District of Argyle

Argyle, officially named the Municipality of the District of Argyle, is a district municipality in Yarmouth County, Nova Scotia. Statistics Canada classifies the district municipality as a municipal district.

The district municipality occupies the eastern portion of the county and is one of three municipal units - the other two being the Town of Yarmouth and the Municipality of the District of Yarmouth. Argyle is a bilingual community, in which native speakers of English and French each account for about half of the population. As of 2016, 60% of the population speaks both French and English, one of the highest rates of bilingualism in Canada.

History
Originally inhabited by the Mi'kmaq, it was called "Bapkoktek". In 1766, after his service in the French and Indian Wars, Lt. Ranald MacKinnon was given a land grant of 2000 acre. He called it Argyle (Argyll) because he was reminded of his previous home in the Highlands of Scotland. The township was granted in 1771.

Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Municipality of the District of Argyle had a population of living in  of its  total private dwellings, a change of NaN% from its 2016 population of. With a land area of 1526.07 km2, it had a population density of in 2021.

Education:
 * No certificate, diploma or degree: 41.64%
 * High school certificate: 16.38%
 * Apprenticeship or trade certificate or diploma: 14.16%
 * Community college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma: 19.36%
 * University certificate or diploma: 8.40%

Unemployment rate:
 * 10.7%

Average house value:
 * $147,574

Communities
• Amiraults Hill

• Argyle

• Argyle Sound

• Central Argyle

• Comeau's Hill

• East Kemptville

• East Pubnico

• East Quinan

• Glenwood

• Hubbard's Point

• Lower Argyle

• Lower East Pubnico

• Lower Eel Brook

• Lower Wedgeport

• Lower West Pubnico

• Middle East Pubnico

• Middle West Pubnico

• Morris Island

• North Belleville

• Plymouth

• Pubnico

• Quinan

• Sluice Point

• South Belleville

• Ste. Anne du Ruisseau

• Surette's Island

• Tusket

• Tusket Falls

• Tusket Islands

• Upper Wedgeport

• Wedgeport

• West Pubnico

title: Municipality of the District of Argyle


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/SWB

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was Delete. Eugene van der Pijll 21:12, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

SWB
''Note: User:Wayward placed a ((vfd)) notice on SWB on April 30 but apparently did not finish the nomination process. I'm merely carrying out the remaining steps and providing my best guess at the reason for the VFD notice, which is this:'' This article is about the "Star Wars Board" on "the video game site GameFAQ's"[sic]. IMHO individual discussion boards on community web sites are not encyclopedic by default. I don't see any evidence that this particular instance is any different. --MarkSweep 07:11, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Being the site of many arguments does not make it notable. the wub (talk) 16:20, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. It's an article filled with personal attacks and inane trivia about a web discussion board on a site that hosts similar boards for thousands of other games. Not exactly something that deserves to be written up in an encyclopedia, even if some people have repeatedly made fun of LtCmdData's choice of username on said board... -- Captain Disdain 20:43, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Group of users on an obscure web discussion board. Non-notable. - Marcika 14:18, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/SWB


text:
Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Kappa

Kappa
final (30/14/1) ending 07:05 8 June 2005 (UTC) I've had an account since October 2004, and have over 8,000 edits. Although I have different opinions from many wikipedians I believe I always remain civil, and when I have an edit conflict I generally find a compromise or walk away.

I watch New Pages and especially candidates for speedy deletion a lot, (looking for things that can be fixed), so it would be helpful to be able to delete real junk. If I delete something that looks like it was a speedy candidate but a good faith effort, I would be able to communicate the reason for that deletion. Also I would like to be able to view previously speedied articles, to see if there was content worth recreating. Kappa 07:12, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Self-nomination Kappa 07:26, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Support
 * 1) Support.-gadfium
 * 2) Support. Kappa was the user who finally convinced me to register here. Excellent janitorial work, and has done the often neglected task of salvaging countless articles form the Speedy deletin category. Excellent work throughout! Sjakkalle 09:21, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Support. — Xezbeth 15:49, Jun 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) support Kingturtle 18:50, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 5) support =Nichalp (Talk)= 19:05, Jun 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * 6) Support Based on my experience with this person on Bemani articles (btw, ever considered bring Dance Dance Revolution to a featured article?) SYSS Mouse 19:38, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 7) As per Radiant. I trust him to use his powers only for consensus, never for evil. Meelar (talk) 19:40, Jun 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * 8) Support. Disturbingly good with a mob and bucket. Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 20:05, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 9) Support, a good contributor who can definitely be trusted with speedy deletion. JYolkowski // talk 20:46, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 10) Strong Support. I often find myself having an opposing viewpoint to Kappa on VfD, but the user's civility has been noteworthy, and the user is anything but trigger-happy with deletions.--Scimitar 21:39, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 11) Mgm|(talk) 22:25, Jun 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * 12) Support. We disagree on many things, but Kappa should certainly be allowed to wield the mop and bucket. --TenOfAllTrades (talk/contrib) 01:52, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 13) Support from me, too. One of the more rational voices on vfd. Grutness...  wha?  01:55, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 14) This should be no big deal. JuntungWu 02:12, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 15)  →Iñgōlemo←   talk 02:41, 2005 Jun 2 (UTC)
 * 16) Support Zzyzx11 (Talk) 04:35, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 17) Sure thing With Kappa, all articles are safe.Klonimus 05:41, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 18) Support. Great user, trustworthy, and very helpful. As long as you're not a mischeivious water imp. — Knowledge Seeker দ 06:14, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 19) Support. Keep up the good work!--Jondel 08:11, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 20) Support --BaronLarf 11:26, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * 21) Support. In general I don't like self-nominations, but Kappa is a good exception to a general rule.  -- Un  focused  16:30, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 22) Support - strong editor. Johntex 23:48, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 23) Support. Sure; adminship is no big deal. Linuxbeak | Talk | Desk 01:50, Jun 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * 24) Support. – ugen64 04:44, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 25) Support--Duk 16:08, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 26) Support. Tim Rhymeless (Er...let's shimmy)  22:35, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 27) Support extreme inclusionist :) We need balance or something.  Grue  05:34, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 28) Support The votes opposing Kappa for adminship have spoken even more eloquently of his good qualities than those in favor. To call him an extreme inclusionist is simply incorrect.    .--Tony Sidaway|Talk 17:46, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 29) Sypport     18:43, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 30) Support тəzєті 01:34, Jun 8, 2005 (UTC)

Oppose
 * 1) Sorry, I don't see enough substantial contributions to articles to merit adminship yet, and the two articles cited as examples of his contributions are not much better than stubs.  Willing to support in the future should this change. Gamaliel 15:16, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Oppose. Extreme inclusionist.  RickK 20:35, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * Inclusionism has no bearing on being a sysop. Extreme undeletionism, on the other hand, would be a problem. – ugen64 06:00, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This is of course, merely your own personal opinion, and has no bearing on my own opinion, nor on the validity of my vote. RickK 23:42, Jun 5, 2005 (UTC)
 * I used to think it was only the deletionists that got opposed on this ground. (Oh wait, I already opposed TBSDY for inclusionism.  My bad!)  :)   → Ingoolemo ←   talk 02:43, 2005 Jun 8 (UTC)
 * 1) Oppose, I agree with RickK and I also don't see much participation in areas outside the school debate and vfd--nixie 01:42, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Oppose. If there's a balance outside the schools/VFD vote, I would like to see it. Mike H 15:17, Jun 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Oppose. Sorry, but I agree with the Oppose votes above, and also note that two of the four things Kappa wants admin powers for seem to be housekeeping tasks that anyone can perform (delete copyvios and post "test" messages). Bishonen | talk 23:25, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Anyone can list copyvios for deletion, but only an admin can actually delete them. Also test messages assume that test pages have been deleted already, so it only makes sense if an admin sends them. Kappa 00:05, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * We must be at cross purposes here. I used to post lots of test messages before I was an admin, without any page deletion being involved, and it seemed to make fine sense (click on the link and see). The same with deleting copyvios (you're asked to start by deleting text, not pages) Anyway, never mind, the weightier part of my objection was the concerns of RicKK and Mike above, so I'll leave my vote at Oppose. Bishonen | talk 01:14, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) Absolutely not: The reasons for wishing admin status ring false, and Kappa routinely ignores existing deletion policy on VfD. One should not become an admin simply to try to pull articles out of deletion.  You can already remove speedy tags, already add content to articles to keep them from being speedies, and already go to VfU and argue for restoration of improper deletions.  Reaching into the deletion log and undeleting articles is not valid by anyone.  VfU is required for every single one. Geogre 23:48, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I already do those things (except I don't ignore policy AFAIK), I just want to be able to view deleted articles without asking, I'm certainly happy to take them through VfU. But really it's frustrating to keep looking at things which need to be speedied but not be able to zap them, even inclusionists want to delete some things. Kappa 23:58, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) Oppose. I have the same concerns as mentioned by others here. I will also note that Kappa is extremely inclusionist on Categories for deletion and Templates for deletion, and some types of categories and templates can be, sometimes, more disruptive to Wikipedia (in the sense that they affect far more pages) than many individual articles that are listed on WP:VFD. —Lowellian (talk) 13:51, Jun 5, 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) I agree with many of the concerns listed above. Carbonite | Talk 17:04, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Oppose Does not meet my admin criterion. If you disagree and think that you do and would like me to reconsider, please leave a note on my userpage, jguk 19:15, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) CryptoDerk 06:41, Jun 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * 5) I expressed concern earlier about Kappa's lack of response to his talk page. If he had addressed that matter, he would quite possibly have persuaded me to support his RFA. However, as he hasn't responded to it, I feel I have to oppose, as I think communicating is a very important part of adminship. Radiant_* 22:46, Jun 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * 6) * I respect your judgement, I don't really want to nag you for examples of noncommunication. Kappa 22:56, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 7) * Support, although I rarely agree with Kappa it's been a pleasure working with him. Radiant_* 11:23, Jun 1, 2005 (UTC) I'm withdrawing my vote because it appears to me that Kappa often does not respond to comments on his talk page. For a self-nom, I'm not sure that's wise. Radiant_* 15:10, Jun 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * 8) Andre ( talk ) 23:01, Jun 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * 9) Oppose. Either pushing an agenda, or simply a troll. Routinely wastes other peoples' time with frivolous VFU nominations. Wile E. Heresiarch 03:12, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 10) *I strongly disagree with your assertion that Kappa might be a troll. Do you have any examples of Kappa engaging in trollish behavior? My interactions with him have shown that Kappa's behavior is a model for others in civility and good conduct. As for his VFU nominations, Kappa's nominations have nearly all got some undelete votes, so calling them "frivolous" is in my view completely unjustified. Sjakkalle (Check!)  06:18, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 11) Oppose. Neutralitytalk 21:07, Jun 7, 2005 (UTC)

Neutral
 * 1) I'm not ready to vote in support. On examining recent VfD's, some of Kappa's comments are annoying responses that really amount to nothing more than "Keep, because I think this article should be kept." Others, however, are well-articulated and move the discussion forward. He is not a robot-like inclusionist by any means. In response to my comment below he gave examples of some good short articles he contributed, and he has over 3000 edits in the main namespace, but on looking at them it seems to me that he mostly does minor touchups. However, becoming an admin is not supposed to be a big deal and I don't see any particular reason to oppose, either. Dpbsmith (talk) 23:29, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Comments
 * You did set the "UserName" entry wrong in the vote here section - which some users consider evidence of a lack of understanding of the machinery of Wikipedia. --JuntungWu 15:48, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks for fixing it, I'll try and be more careful next time. Kappa 16:46, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Questions for the candidate

A few generic questions to provide guidance for voters:
 * Could you point to some examples of your work that show contributions of whole paragraphs or more? And some examples of adding significant amounts of factual contents to articles? Dpbsmith (talk) 11:30, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * For example I'm responsible for almost all of Ai Qing, Geeta Zutshi, Mahangu, Musashi Junior & Senior High School, Red Detachment of Women and Fecal impaction. Additions include things like adding an explanation to Food guide pyramid, clarifying Jinmeiyo kanji . Kappa 13:35, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 1. What sysop chores, if any, would you anticipate helping with? (Please read the page about administrators and the administrators' reading list.)
 * A. As mentioned, speedy deletions, and sending test messages. Also I'd enjoy deleting copyvios. I'm quite likely to un-block things when there seems to be no further need.
 * 2. Of your articles or contributions to Wikipedia, are there any about which you are particularly pleased, and why?
 * A. Jam and Lewis and Ganta Hospital, mainly because they help balance coverage of underrepresented areas. Also I took part in efforts to reach a compromise over the school issue.
 * 3. Have you been in any conflicts over editing in the past or do you feel other users have caused you stress? How have you dealt with it and will deal with it in the future?
 * A. If I am in a conflict over editing, I generally look for a compromise, or other opinions, or I walk away. I've never wanted to use admin powers, except one case where someone was persistedly adding copyvio to an article (that eventually resolved itself however).

title: Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Kappa


text: User talk:194.23.201.97

title: User talk:194.23.201.97


text:
GLM

GLM may refer to:

Science and Technology

 * Generalized linear model, a generalization of ordinary linear regression
 * General linear model, a generalization of multiple linear regression, special case of above
 * Generalized Lagrangian mean, a method in continuum mechanics
 * Geostationary Lightning Mapper, a satellite instrument

Transport

 * Gillingham railway station (Kent) (National Rail station code: GLM), England
 * Gilman station (Amtrak station code: GLM), Illinois, US

Other uses

 * Global Language Monitor, a US company
 * Grand Officer of the Legion of Merit (post-nominal letters: GLM), a class of the Legion of Merit, Rhodesia

title: GLM


text:
Unrest

Unrest, also called disaffection, is a sociological phenomenon, including:
 * Civil unrest
 * Civil disorder
 * Domestic terrorism
 * Industrial unrest
 * Labor unrest
 * Rebellion
 * Riot
 * Strike action
 * State of emergency

Notable historical instances of unrest

 * 19th century Luddites
 * 1978–79 Winter of Discontent (UK)
 * 1989 Purple Rain Revolt (South Africa)
 * 2003 Maldives civil unrest
 * 2004 Unrest in Kosovo
 * 2005 Belize unrest
 * May 2005 unrest in Uzbekistan
 * Arab Spring
 * Post-coup unrest in Egypt (2013–14)
 * 2014 pro-Russian conflict in Ukraine
 * 2022 Kazakh unrest

Film and television

 * Unrest (2017 film)

title: Unrest


text:
Jessi

Jessi may refer to:

People

 * Jessi (musician) (born 1988), Korean-American rapper, singer, and songwriter
 * Gianluigi Jessi (born 1945), Italian basketball player
 * Jessi Alexander (born 1976), American country music artist
 * Jessi Colter (born 1943), American country music artist
 * Jessi Combs (1980–2019), American television personality and metal fabricator
 * Jessi Cruickshank (born 1981), Canadian television personality
 * Jessi Frey, Finnish singer
 * Jessi Klein (born 1975), American comedy writer and stand-up comic
 * Jessi Lintl (born 1956), Austrian politician
 * Jessi Losada, American sportscaster
 * Jessi Miley-Dyer (born 1986), Australian surfer

Other uses

 * Jessi (album), 1976, by Jessi Colter

title: Jessi


text:
Supreme Court of the Northern Territory

The Supreme Court of the Northern Territory is the superior court for the Australian Territory of the Northern Territory. It has unlimited jurisdiction within the territory in civil matters, and hears the most serious criminal matters. It is around the middle of the Australian court hierarchy.

Early history
Shortly after the first settlement at Palmerston, Port Darwin in 1869–70, pressure was placed upon the South Australian government to establish a superior court in the then Northern Territory of South Australia. Although such a court was mooted, it was decided to send judges to Palmerston on circuit. The first circuit court was held in February 1875.

Thereafter, from 1875 to 1884, the government appointed persons as commissioners (usually the Government Resident) to exercise the power of a judge of the Supreme Court of South Australia in all but trials of capital offences.

From 1884 to 1911, a resident judge, with the title "Judge of the Northern Territory" exercised the full powers of the Supreme Court of South Australia under the Northern Territory Justice Act.

History
The court was established on 30 May 1911, shortly after South Australia surrendered the territory to the Commonwealth. The first judge of the court was Samuel James Mitchell. The only person to hold the office of Chief Judge, which was created in 1975, was Sir William Forster who held the position from 1977-1979. The position title was changed to Chief Justice in 1979, and Forster was the first Chief Justice from 1979-1985. There have been six chief justices since 1979. There are currently six resident judges (including the Chief Justice) and two additional judges and two acting judges, making a total of ten Supreme Court justices.

In 1927, when the Northern Australia 1926 Act (Cth) came into force, the Northern Territory was divided into two territories; North Australia and Central Australia. The Supreme Court was not abolished, but continued to exist as the Supreme Court of North Australia and the Supreme Court of Central Australia. After the Northern Territory Act was repealed in 1931, the Northern Territory was reconstituted as a single Territory of the Commonwealth. The Supreme Court of Central Australia was abolished and the Supreme Court of North Australia continued as the Supreme Court of the Northern Territory.

In 1935 the Court began its first sittings on circuit in Alice Springs, a practice which still continues today. Circuit sittings in Katherine were also introduced in 1996.

When a new Supreme Court complex was built, Indigenous artist Norah Nelson Napaljarri was chosen to design a mosaic for its forecourt.

The design concept of the Supreme Court, as requested by the client the Northern Territory Government, was to reflect the elements of the "Greek Revival" Hong Kong Shanghai Bank constructed in Hong Kong in the 1800s viz: the colonnade around the building, the mansard roof and the portico entrance as well as giving reference to its tropical location and its colonial past.

The collaborating architects were Peter Doig, Ron Findlay and Roger Linklater: the interior was designed by Susie Cole. The architectural style is best described as Neo-colonial.

Other
The Supreme Court occasionally sits in other locations in the Northern Territory, including Katherine, Tennant Creek and Nhulunbuy. The Supreme Court has also on occasion sat at remote aboriginal communities.

The Supreme Court includes the Court of Appeal, Court of Criminal Appeal, Civil and Criminal Trials and Appeals from the Northern Territory Magistrates Court.

Judgments from Supreme Court trials are available to the public, as are the sentencing remarks, unless a suppression order has been taken preventing these being released (for example, involving juveniles, public figures or in some controversial matters).

Judges of the Supreme Court of the Northern Territory
As at November 2019 (appointment date in brackets):

title: Supreme Court of the Northern Territory


text:
User:Draven5

Welcome and Hello
Thanks for stopping by. I hope it's because I have done something well rather than something poorly. Just as a point of interest, my handle is an amalgamation of my favorite number and the main character Eric Draven from the movie The Crow.

Contributions
So far I'm not the most prolific contributor to Wikipedia but I hope that this will change. I have made contributions to:

 * Average Joe
 * Pauline Christianity
 * Sleeper (comic book)
 * Youth Emergency Shelter - created
 * X3 (movie)
 * Paul Allen
 * Air Force Amy - created

Domitian Article
Hi, I've added a NPOV tag to the above. You spotted the bias against the subject last year so will you be able to update the article as you hoped to do? Regards, Patrick bigpad 12:14, 24 July 2006 (UTC)

title: User:Draven5


text: User talk:81.214.162.213

title: User talk:81.214.162.213


text:
Waterloo–Reading line

The Waterloo–Reading line is a National Rail electric railway line between London Waterloo and Reading. The line runs west through a series of South West London suburbs to Reading, in central Berkshire. Its passenger operation is by South Western Railway (SWR), which also manage its stations.

The Waterloo–Reading line is the core of a group of lines and branches heading generally westwards from Waterloo, providing predominantly passenger services into London. All of the branches and connecting lines have direct services into a dedicated group of platforms at Waterloo, so most of the services using the line do not run the whole length of the line. After leaving Waterloo, the line runs parallel to the South West Main Line before diverging at Clapham Junction and heading westwards. Within Greater London, the Hounslow Loop Line diverges at Barnes and reconnects again near Feltham, whilst the Kingston Loop Line diverges at Twickenham to join up with the South West Main Line at New Malden. At Staines, the original route carries onto Windsor, whilst the 1853 route to Reading diverges to run via Egham. At Virginia Water, the Chertsey Branch Line provides another connection to the South West Main Line whilst at Ascot, the Ascot–Guildford line heads southwards towards Aldershot and Farnham. At Wokingham, the line joins the west end of the North Downs Line leading into Reading, to terminate in platforms 4, 5 and 6. The line also sees some freight services and special charters, which use the connecting line at Reading to join the Great Western Main Line or the Chertsey Loop/Branch Line to connect to the South West Main Line.

Due to the large swathes of suburbs served along the line and the drop from four to two tracks west of Barnes, services between Reading and London Waterloo are relatively slow compared to the two fast tracks between Reading and London Paddington. The line is predominantly used for commuter traffic into London with most of the traffic being generated by intermediate stations. To ease over-crowding, a roll-out is underway of 8-car trains being extended to 10 coaches and there have been calls to change the service patterns to provide some additional and faster services, cutting out some of the intermediate stops.

History
The London and Southampton Railway opened the first stretch of railway between Nine Elms and Woking Common on 12 May 1838, and renamed itself as the London and South Western Railway (L&SWR) one month later. As the L&SWR continued extending its railway towards Southampton, the first branch was opened by the Richmond and West End Railway (R&WER) to Richmond on 27 July 1846. This branch line started at what is now Clapham Junction, although the station itself did not open until 2 March 1863. The terminus at Nine Elms was replaced on 11 July 1848 with a new station at Waterloo, originally named Waterloo Bridge. The Richmond branch was extended further west by the Windsor, Staines and South Western Railway (WS&SWR) opening as far as Datchet on 22 August 1848 and to Windsor on 1 December 1849. Both the R&WER and WS&SWR were purchased by the L&SWR before their respective lines had been completed.

The South Eastern Railway (SER) opened its line from Wokingham to Reading on 15 October 1849 under the auspices of the Reading, Guildford and Reigate Railway (RG&RR), which was then taken over by the SER in 1852. This was part of the SER line from London to Reading via Guidlford and terminated at Reading Southern railway station, which was adjacent to, but separate from the Great Western Railway station at Reading.

The line linking Staines with Wokingham was authorised in 1853 and built by the Staines, Wokingham and Woking Junction Railway, opening from Staines to Ascot on 4 June 1856 and onwards to Wokingham on 9 July 1856. Initial services on the line were 6 trains a day between Waterloo and Reading (2 on Sundays), building up to 14 trains a day (7 on Sunday) by 1928. The line was operated by the L&SWR from the outset, who leased it from the owning company in 1858 for 50% of the gross profits, before purchasing it outright in 1878.

There were now three competing routes to Reading: the GWR from Paddington at 36 miles; the LSWR from Waterloo at 43.5 miles and the SER from Charing Cross at 69 miles. Despite the disparity, the GWR was not the obvious choice due to the relative position of Paddington station, west of the City of London. This allowed intense competition between the three companies until in 1858 a new agreement between the three companies was made to fix prices and share fares. The agreement led to a connecting spur between the SER and GWR railways in Reading being opened for goods traffic on 1 December 1858 and to passenger traffic on 17 January 1859. A better-placed link was opened on 17 December 1899, and the third link on 1 June 1941. The link is today used by special services such as luxury steam services.

A new station named Martins Heron was opened on 3 October 1988 between Bracknell and Ascot.

On 4 February 1996 the 0510 Twickenham to London Waterloo became the first privately operated train to run in UK for 48 years.

Electrification
The line was electrified on the DC third rail system, initially at 660 volts, in sections:
 * Waterloo to Twickenham flyover (for Kingston Loop) 30 January 1916
 * Twickenham to Whitton Junction (for Hounslow Loop) 12 March 1916
 * Whitton Junction to Windsor 6 July 1930
 * Staines to Virginia Water 3 January 1937 as part of the electrification of lines to Portsmouth
 * Virginia Water to Ascot and Reading South 1 January 1939.

Accidents and incidents
On Sunday 11 April 1858 a guard was killed by hitting his head on an overbridge while standing on top of a moving train.

On Thursday 16 June 1859 a special train from Ascot ran into the back of another special train at Virginia Water. No fatalities or injuries were caused but "many persons sustained damage in dress, but not, it is believed, in person."

On Saturday 13 August 1859 a train derailed at Feltham due to excessive speed and poor track condition.

On Friday 16 September 1859 a train passed a signal at danger at Staines and ran into the back of another train resulting in 7 injures.

On Tuesday 7 June 1864 6 people were killed when a special train from Ascot passed a signal at danger and collided with the train in front at Egham.

On Tuesday 11 October 1864 a passenger train from Reading collided with a goods train at Putney station due to passing an unlit signal at danger.

On Tuesday 27 June 1871 1 person was killed on a foot crossing adjacent to Twickenham station when they were struck by a train.

On Thursday 14 August 1884 2 people were injured when a special train from Windsor ran into the back of an empty train due to excessive speed and passing a signal at danger.

On Saturday 8 June 1889 a goods train reversed into a passenger train at Staines station at low speed.

On Monday 1 October 1900 1 person was killed and 2 injured when a signalman forgot that a passenger train was occupying the up platform at Virginia Water and allowed a horse box train into the station resulting in a collision.

On Sunday 7 October 1900 51 people were injured when 2 trains collided at Twickenham station due to confusion over signals as 4 carriages were being shunted from one train to another.

On Wednesday 19 April 1922 a failure by shunting staff to apply brakes resulted in a light engine running away without its crew from Ascot to Virginia Water.

On Friday 2 December 1955 13 people were killed and 41 injured when 2 trains collided at Barnes station.

On Monday 9 May 1988 bridge number 71 over the River Colne near Wraysbury was washed away by a flood.

On Tuesday 17 October 2000 a train struck a bus on the level crossing at Pooley Green between Staines and Egham. The bus driver had driven on to the crossing and was trapped when the barriers then came down. He led his passengers to safety before the train struck and there were no injuries.

On Thursday 26 October 2000 the 0821 Weybridge to Staines train derailed about 100 yards east of Virginia Water station after slipping on wet leaves and passing a signal at danger. There were no injuries.

Early on Sunday 15 November 2009 the bridge carrying the line over the River Crane, London, partly collapsed leading to service suspension. Services were restored eight days later on a temporary diversionary line with a 20 mi per hour speed limit laid across the site of the disused Feltham Marshalling yard. The defective bridge was demolished and rebuilt.

Passenger services and rolling stock
In the current timetable, there are two trains per hour between Waterloo and Reading, every day of the week; the Reading service only calls at major stations Clapham Junction, Richmond, Twickenham, Feltham (with a short bus link to Heathrow Airport), Staines and then all stations to Reading. During peak hours, additional trains are run which skip Winnersh, Winnersh Triangle and Earley, and add stops at Vauxhall and Ashford (Surrey).

Connecting lines add additional services on this line -
 * Services on the Weybridge branch line (Chertsey Loop) run in part between Virginia Water and London on the line, namely before and after using the Hounslow loop
 * Services on the Staines–Windsor line between Staines and London
 * Services on the Kingston Loop Line between Twickenham and London
 * Services on the Hounslow Loop Line between Twickenham and London
 * Services on the North Downs Line run between Reading and Wokingham, but do not stop at the intervening stations
 * During peak hours, four trains in the morning on the Shepperton Branch Line and three evening trains to that line run between Twickenham and London
 * During peak hours, some trains commencing at Farnham and then on the Ascot to Guildford line are extended to London, providing more services between Ascot and Waterloo.

Services are mainly formed of Class 458/5s, but a few 450s also work the line.

Future
Due to high demand and overcrowding for a considerable part of many services enhancements are underway. The stations between Waterloo and Staines, unless prohibited by bridges, are having platforms lengthened for 10-coach trains, which use converted Class 458 units. Platform 20 at the former Waterloo International Terminal re-entered service in October 2013. Additional trains were purchased in the early 2010s. On 20 November 2014, Network Rail published a plan, the Wessex Route Study, for wide consultation; its recommendations are to abolish the running of trains shorter than 10 coaches to Reading except in very low usage hours and to open more of the platforms at the former London Waterloo International with a suggested target date of 2019.

In March 2014, the Thames Valley Local Enterprise Partnership published a report showing the economic benefits of improvements to the Waterloo to Reading line. This looked at the economic benefits of increasing services, speeding up services (timetabling more semi-fast and fast services to improve access to major stops from London and from Reading) and adding access to Heathrow Airport, and concluded that the benefits exceeded the costs of such improvements.

title: Waterloo–Reading line


text:
Solipsism syndrome

Solipsism syndrome refers to a psychological state and condition in which a person feels that reality is not external to their mind. Periods of extended isolation may predispose people to this condition. In particular, the syndrome has been identified as a potential concern for individuals living in outer space for extended periods of time.

Overview
The philosophical definition of solipsism is the idea that only one's mind is sure to exist. In a solipsistic position, a person only believes their mind or self is sure to exist. This is part of self-existence theory or the view of the self.

Individuals experiencing solipsism syndrome feel reality is not 'real' in the sense of being external to their own minds. The syndrome is characterized by feelings of loneliness, detachment and indifference to the outside world. Solipsism syndrome is not currently recognized as a psychiatric disorder by the American Psychiatric Association, though it shares similarities with depersonalization-derealization disorder, which is recognized. Solipsism syndrome is distinct from solipsism, which is a philosophical position that nothing exists or can be known to exist outside of one's own mind rather than a psychological state. Advocates of this philosophy do not necessarily suffer from solipsism syndrome, and sufferers do not necessarily subscribe to solipsism as a school of intellectual thought.

Periods of extended isolation may predispose people to solipsism syndrome. In particular, the syndrome has been identified as a potential challenge for astronauts and cosmonauts on long-term missions, and these concerns influence the design of artificial habitats.

title: Solipsism syndrome


text:
White Riot

"White Riot" is a song by English punk rock band the Clash, released as the band's first single in March 1977 and also included on their self-titled debut album.

Versions
There are two versions of the song: the single version (also appearing on the US version of the album released in 1979), was one of the first songs they recorded at CBS Studio 3 on Whitfield Street in Central London, after signing with CBS Records. However, when they were recording the debut album, they decided to use a demo version of the song that they had recorded earlier in 1976 at Beaconsfield Studios in Buckinghamshire with Julien Temple. The rest of the demo tracks would eventually be released on the Sound System compilation album.

The album version has a running time of 1:58 and starts with Mick Jones counting off "1-2-3-4". The single version begins with the sound of a police siren and has a running time of 1:55.

Composition
Lyrically, the song is about class economics and race and thus proved controversial; some people thought it was advocating a kind of race war.

The song was written after Joe Strummer and bassist Paul Simonon were involved in the riots at the Notting Hill Carnival of 1976.

In an interview with the New Musical Express in December 1976, Joe Strummer responded angrily to the suggestion that some people misinterpreted the "White Riot" lyrics as racist, saying, "They're not racist! They're not racist at all!" Strummer pointed out that inner-city black youth were now fighting back against poverty and heavy-handed policing. "White Riot" was a call to arms to white youth to fight back in the same way and have, in the words of the song, "a riot of my own".

When The Clash played the Rock Against Racism Carnival in Victoria Park, London on 30 April 1978 they finished their set with "White Riot", accompanied by Jimmy Pursey (Sham 69) on vocals. Footage of this performance can be seen in the film Rude Boy.

Sleeve
The single's cover photograph was taken by Caroline Coon on 5 November 1976 at the band's rehearsal studio in Camden Town. The photo was inspired by real-life events where youths were randomly stopped and searched by police in the street. The original shot featured the phrase "Hate and War" on the back of Strummer's boiler suit, which was airbrushed for the released version and replaced with "1977".

Reception
The Clash performed "White Riot" in public for the first time when they played the 100 Club Punk Festival on 20 September 1976. "White Riot" is considered a classic in the Clash canon, although as the band matured, Mick Jones would at times refuse to play it, considering it crude and musically inept. Over two decades later, Joe Strummer would perform it with his band the Mescaleros. The B-side of the single was "1977", a non-album track. This song was along similar lines to "White Riot", suggesting that the music of Elvis Presley, the Beatles, and the Rolling Stones was no longer relevant.

Writing for Melody Maker in November 1976, Caroline Coon described the song as "played with the force of an acetylene torch". On its release in March 1977, the New Musical Express declared, "'White Riot' isn't a poxy Single of the Week, it's the first meaningful event all year … The Clash aren't just a band, and this is more than just a single." Billboard described it as "the most controversial song the Clash ever did".

In March 2005, Q magazine placed "White Riot" at number 34 in its list of the 100 Greatest Guitar Tracks.

Track listing
All tracks written by Joe Strummer/Mick Jones.
 * 7" vinyl
 * 1) "White Riot" – 2:00
 * 2) "1977" – 1:40

Personnel

 * Joe Strummer – lead vocal, rhythm guitar
 * Mick Jones – lead guitar, backing vocal
 * Paul Simonon – bass guitar, backing vocal
 * Terry Chimes – drums

Cover versions
The song was covered by Clash contemporaries Sham 69. The punk rock/Oi! band Cock Sparrer also did a live cover version of the song, which even appeared on their The Best of Cock Sparrer and England Belongs to Me albums. The Mekons' first single, "Never Been in a Riot", was a response to "White Riot".

The song has been covered by, among others, hip-hop/punk rock band the Transplants, rock/folk/carnival band Camper Van Beethoven, punk rock band Anti-Flag, Rise Against, Cracker, the Bad Shepherds alternative rock band Audioslave, and the Angelic Upstarts. The American Celtic punk band Dropkick Murphys have covered the song live, one recording of which is on their The Singles Collection: Volume One album. It was also performed by Rage Against the Machine at their free concert in Finsbury Park and at Download Festival in June 2010.

Punk rock band Rise Against covered the song during their shows at the Reading and Leeds Festivals in 2011 after vocalist Tim McIlrath made a speech about the London riots of 2011.

In popular culture
The song is featured in the soundtrack for the game Tony Hawk's Underground.

title: White Riot