text:
October 1975

The following events occurred in October 1975:

October 1, 1975 (Wednesday)

 * In the "Thrilla in Manila", Muhammad Ali retained his world heavyweight boxing championship against former champion Joe Frazier in a boxing match in Manila, the Philippines.
 * Morocco and Mauritania reached a secret agreement to invade the Western Sahara and divide the territory between them, after Spain announced that it would hold a referendum in the Saharan colony.
 * The Gilbert and Ellice Islands, a British protectorate in the South Pacific Ocean, were divided in anticipation of independence. The Gilbert Islands would become the nation of Kiribati, while the Ellice Islands would become Tuvalu.
 * After eight years of construction and the spending of 5.7 billion dollars, the Safeguard Program, anti-ballistic missile complex for the United States, became fully operational in Cavalier County, North Dakota with two radar complexes and 32 silos. The U.S. House of Representatives voted the next day to shut down the program, in large part because the radar system was a vulnerable target that would be ineffective during a nuclear war; the site was closed after four months.
 * A blast at a Canadian Industries Ltd. (CIL) explosives factory killed eight employees at McMasterville, Quebec, near Montreal.
 * Ugandan President Idi Amin addressed the United Nations General Assembly in New York, and criticized Zionism for its influence in the United States and the actions by the State of Israel for its occupation of territory that it had captured during the Six-Day War.
 * Died: Al Jackson, Jr., 39, American drummer who was a founder of Booker T. & the M.G.'s, died after being shot during a burglary of his home in Memphis.

October 2, 1975 (Thursday)

 * The W. T. Grant department store chain, with over 1,000 stores in 42 U.S. states, filed a Chapter 11 action for reorganization in the largest retail store bankruptcy in American history. The last 359 stores would go out of business at the end of March 1976 as a result of court-ordered liquidation.
 * The first Chevrolet Chevette, a two-door hatchback called the Chevette Scooter, went on sale. The first of the 1976 models had rolled off the Detroit assembly line on August 18 as "the first of hundreds of thousands of little three-door autos that are the smallest made in large volume in the United States since the Crosley." and the car was unveiled on September 16, in Washington, DC. The Chevette had a 1.4 liter engine and got 40 mpg on the highway, but had little room, with a reviewer noting "If the Chevette is the car of the future, luggage space will soon be a thing of the past."
 * The U.S. Congress reversed its decision on an embargo against arms sales to Turkey.

October 3, 1975 (Friday)

 * For the first time since Bangladesh had seceded from Pakistan in 1971, the two nations established diplomatic relations.
 * The Teton Dam in Idaho began to fill as the Teton River was closed off. Eight months later, on June 5, 1976, the earthen dam would break, flooding the town of Wilford and killing eleven people.
 * Died: Guy Mollet, 69, former Prime Minister of France (1956–1957)

October 4, 1975 (Saturday)

 * Professional wrestler Johnny Valentine (John Wisniski), the reigning NWA champion, was paralyzed, and Ric Flair (Richard Fliehr) sustained a broken back, when the plane in which they were riding ran out of gas and crashed at Wilmington, North Carolina, killing the pilot. Despite being advised to give up the pro wrestling circuit, Flair would return to the ring after months of rehabilitation and an alteration of his style, and would go on to fame and fortune as "The Nature Boy".
 * Died: May Sutton, 89, American tennis champion, Wimbledon women singles title 1905 and 1907, U.S. Open singles champion 1904

October 5, 1975 (Sunday)

 * In elections for the Austrian Nationalrat, the Social Democratic Party of Austria, led by Chancellor Bruno Kreisky, retained its slim majority in the lower house of Parliament, with 93 of the 183 seats.
 * The Algerian nuthatch (Sitta ledanti), a small passerine bird which is the only bird species endemic to Algeria, was first discovered. A team led by Belgian botanist Jean-Pierre Ledant, had been at the Djebel Babor mountain in the Petite Kabylie range in northern Algeria, for a different purpose, the study of the Algerian fir tree species.
 * The ten-team Swedish Hockey League (Svenska Hockeyligan or SHL) began playing as Sweden's top professional ice hockey league.  The first game was an 8 to 7 win by MoDo AIK (of Örnsköldsvik) over Färjestads BK (of Karlstad), and the first goal was scored by Färjestads' Benny Andersson of Färjestad.  On March 22, after a four-team playoff Färjestads would win the first championship, 2 games to 1, over Leksands IF.
 * Born:
 * Kate Winslet, British film actress (Titanic); in Reading, Berkshire
 * Parminder Nagra, British film actress (Bend It Like Beckham); in Leicester
 * Gao Yuanyuan, Chinese television actress (The Prince of Qin, Li Shimin); in Beijing
 * Monica Rial, American voice actress (Dragon Ball Z); in Houston
 * Died: Lesley Molseed, 11, was murdered in England at West Yorkshire. Stefan Kiszko would be convicted of the crime and would spend 16 years in prison before his innocence was proven by forensic evidence.  Molseed's killer, Ronald Castree, would not be identified and caught until 2006.

October 6, 1975 (Monday)

 * Italo Luder, serving as Acting President of Argentina during a leave of absence by President Isabel Perón, signed Decree 2772, giving the Argentine armed forces authority to "annihilate subversion" ("aniquilar la subversion") by any means necessary against guerilla insurgents.
 * For the first time in American television history, major TV networks declined a request to interrupt programming to broadcast a speech by a U.S. President. The nationwide address by President Gerald Ford was carried only by the ABC Television Network.
 * The DINA (Dirección de Inteligencia Nacional), secret police agency of Chile, attempted to assassinate former Interior Minister Bernardo Leighton and his wife Anita, who were in exile in Italy. The Leightons were seriously wounded but survived a machine gun attack by paid gunmen.
 * Born: Peter Pellegrini, Slovak politician, 8th Prime Minister of Slovakia and President-elect, in Banská Bystrica
 * Died: Chiura Obata, 89, Japanese-American artist, in Okayama Prefecture

October 7, 1975 (Tuesday)

 * Five days after President Ford vetoed an extension of the federal school lunch and nutrition program, both houses of Congress voted to override, 397-18 in the House and 79-13 in the Senate.
 * East Germany and the Soviet Union signed a new Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance, although their 1964 Friendship Treaty still had nine years to run. The 20-year treaty was to run until 1995, although East Germany would end in 1990 and the Soviet Union in 1991.
 * John Lennon, formerly of The Beatles, won the right to stay in the United States after a four-year legal battle to avoid deportation, as a panel of a U.S. Appeals Court ruled 2–1 to reverse an INS order of deportation. Two days later, Lennon would celebrate his 35th birthday and the birth of his son, Sean.
 * Born:
 * Terry Gerin, American professional wrestler billed as "Rhino Richards"; in Detroit
 * Kaspars Znotiņš, Latvian stage actor, in Jelgava, Latvian SSR, Soviet Union

October 8, 1975 (Wednesday)

 * South Korean serial killer Kim Dae-doo, who murdered 14 people in the month of September and 17 total, was arrested the day after claiming his final victim, bringing an end to a killing spree that had started on August 13, 1975.
 * Doug Jarvis played his very first National Hockey League game, with two assists for the Montreal Canadiens in a 9–0 win over the Los Angeles Kings, and then appeared in 964 consecutive games to set the NHL record, finishing on October 10, 1987 with a 4–2 loss for the Hartford Whalers against the New York Islanders.
 * Women were allowed admission into the United States Service academies (at West Point, Annapolis, Colorado Springs, New London and Kings Point) for the first time, as President Ford signed legislation that included the requirement.
 * The defending champions of pro basketball's two rival leagues played in an exhibition game in Louisville, with the ABA Kentucky Colonels beating the NBA champion Golden State Warriors, 93-90. On October 5, 1971, the NBA's Milwaukee Bucks had beaten the ABA's Utah Stars 122-114.

October 9, 1975 (Thursday)

 * Soviet nuclear physicist and dissident Andrei Sakharov was announced as the recipient of the 1975 Nobel Peace Prize, but was not allowed to travel to Oslo to accept it.
 * The U.S. Senate voted 70–18 to authorize American civilians to join the United Nations forces in the Sinai peninsula, a day after the House had approved the measure 341-69.
 * West Germany and Poland signed three agreements in Warsaw, with Poland agreeing to allow 125,000 former German nationals to emigrate to West Germany, in return for two billion deutschmarks worth of credit. Major German cities that became part of Poland after 1945 were Breslau (Wrocław), Danzig (Gdańsk), Stettin (Szczecin), Schneidemühl (Piła), Glewitz (Gliwice) and Thorn (Toruń).
 * The snail darter (Percina tanasi), a small fish indigenous to the Little Tennessee River, was declared an endangered species by the United States. Protection of the habitat of the snail darter would delay construction of the Tellico Dam for two years; the dam would eventually be constructed and the snail darter population would increase to the point that its status would be altered in 1984 to "threatened species".
 * Born: Sean Lennon, American singer and songwriter, to John Lennon and Yoko Ono, in New York City

October 10, 1975 (Friday)

 * "Airmail" was ended in the U.S. as a separate form of mailing letters domestically and internationally, bringing a close to an era when delivery would be made more quickly by paying additional postage to guarantee that the mail would be carried by airplane, rather than by train or truck, to its destination. By 1975, the U.S. Postal Service was transporting all interzone mail by airplane.
 * Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton remarried, with a civil ceremony taking place in the African nation of Botswana. Although their first marriage lasted from 1964 to 1974, the second union would end in 1976.
 * Died:
 * Norman Levinson, 63, American mathematician
 * Lillian Walker, 88, American film actress

October 11, 1975 (Saturday)

 * NBC aired the first episode of Saturday Night Live. Comedian George Carlin was the first host, and  Billy Preston and Janis Ian were the first musical guests.
 * Bill Clinton, 29, and Hillary Rodham, 27, both professors at the University of Arkansas School of Law in Fayetteville, Arkansas, were married at their home on 930 West California Drive.

October 12, 1975 (Sunday)

 * Oliver Plunkett (1629–1681), the martyred Primate of All Ireland, was proclaimed a saint in the Roman Catholic Church by Pope Paul VI. Plunkett  was the first Irishman to be canonized since the 13th century, when Laurence O'Toole had attained sainthood in 1225 AD.
 * The Willow Creek Community Church, which would become one of the first Christian megachurches (averaging 24,000 attendees per weekend in later years), held its first service, at a movie theater in Palatine, Illinois.
 * Born: Marion Jones, American track athlete and women's pro basketball player; winner of five Olympic medals in 2000, later disqualified; in Los Angeles

October 13, 1975 (Monday)

 * The Māori land march took place in New Zealand with 5,000 Māori people arriving at the Parliament Building in Wellington after having marched from Te Hapua on the north side of the nation.
 * Prime Minister of Canada Pierre Trudeau said in a nationally televised speech that he would establish mandatory wage and price controls in order to bring inflation under control, and that an Anti-Inflation Board would enforce the new rules.
 * The bicentennial American dollar coin was placed into circulation by the United States Treasury. For the first time, the dollar coin had no silver content; the 1974 coins had 40 percent silver.  The dollar still had the image of President Dwight D. Eisenhower on the obverse, with "1776–1976" beneath, but the reverse featured a new image, showing the Liberty Bell and the Moon.
 * Died: Swede Risberg, 81, last surviving member of the eight baseball players banned for life for the Black Sox Scandal

October 14, 1975 (Tuesday)

 * In Operation Savannah, less than one month before Angola's scheduled independence from Portugal, troops from the South African Defence Force invaded by crossing the border from the trust territory of South-West Africa (now Namibia). Battle Groups Alpha and Bravo rendezvoused in the Cunene Province near Katwitwi.  Cuba would begin sending combat troops on November 8 to fight the SADF force.
 * An RAF Avro Vulcan bomber exploded and crashed over Żabbar, Malta after an aborted landing, killing five crew members and one person on the ground.
 * Born: Floyd Landis, American cyclist and 2006 Tour de France winner who was later stripped of his title; in Farmersville, Pennsylvania

October 15, 1975 (Wednesday)

 * Jean-Marie Seroney, the Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly of Kenya, and another MP, Martin Shikuku, were arrested at their offices in the Parliament building in Nairobi on the orders of President Jomo Kenyatta, who was displeased at their criticism of the government. Both would remain imprisoned until after Kenyatta's death in 1978.
 * Born: Ginuwine (Elgin Baylor Lumpkin), American singer, in Washington, D.C.

October 16, 1975 (Thursday)

 * King Hassan II of Morocco announced that he would lead a march of 350,000 civilians across the border into the Western Sahara in order to stake claims for the area as part of Morocco.
 * The Balibo Five, television journalists who were reporting for two networks in Australia, were murdered at the town of Balibo by Indonesian forces that had invaded Portuguese Timor. Reporter Greg Shackleton and soundman Tony Stewart of Australia, cameraman Gary Cunningham of New Zealand worked for the Melbourne station of the Seven Network, while reporter Malcolm Rennie and cameraman Brian Peters, both British, were in East Timor for the Sydney station of the Nine Network.
 * The first of the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) series, GOES 1, was launched by the United States and placed in geosynchronous orbit over the Indian Ocean to gather meteorological data.
 * The last case of Variola major, one of the two smallpox viruses, was diagnosed and treated, with the victim being a two-year-old girl.
 * Born: Jacques Kallis, South African cricket superstar and all-rounder, in Pinelands

October 17, 1975 (Friday)

 * The Justices of the United States Supreme Court voted 7–1 to not assign any decisions to the ailing Justice William O. Douglas, and to postpone resolution of any cases where his vote would be important, after the ailing Douglas had been observed falling to sleep during arguments. Douglas did not participate in the vote, and Byron R. White, who wrote a protest to his brethren on the Court, was the only dissenting vote.  Douglas was hospitalized again two weeks later and retired from the Court.
 * The Baltimore Claws, newest team in the American Basketball Association, played their third and final exhibition game, losing to the Virginia Squires, 100-88, before a crowd of 500 people.  The team folded three days later without ever playing a regular season game.

October 18, 1975 (Saturday)

 * Pope Paul VI, leader of the Roman Catholic Church, criticized the Protestant Reformation that had been led in the 16th century by Martin Luther. In a speech in favor of European unity, the Pope said that "The Reformation, it is a historical fact, has contributed to a dispersion."
 * Died:
 * Graham Haberfield, 33, British TV actor, of heart failure
 * Al Lettieri, 47, American movie actor (The Godfather) of a heart attack

October 19, 1975 (Sunday)

 * The last games of the World Football League were played. The largest crowd of the season (35,000) turned out in Birmingham to watch the two best teams (the 8-3-0 Birmingham Vulcans and the 7-4-0 Memphis Southmen) play; Birmingham won 21–0.  In other games, the Shreveport Steamer defeated the visiting San Antonio Wings 41-31, the Portland Thunder won at home against the Jacksonville Express 30-13, and, in the last WFL game ever played, the Southern California Sun beat The Hawaiians, 26-7, in Honolulu.  The WFL folded three days later.
 * The last exhibition game between an American Basketball Association team and an NBA team took place in Salt Lake City, where the Utah Stars of the ABA defeated the Milwaukee Bucks, 106-101. The Utah Stars would go out of business in December, and the ABA would fold at the end of the 1975–76 season.
 * Born: Benjamin Heckendorn, electronics modifier and independent film maker, in Richland Center, Wisconsin

October 20, 1975 (Monday)

 * The U.S. and the U.S.S.R. entered into a five-year agreement for the sale of at least 6,000,000 tons of American grain to the Soviets each year.
 * Forty-three people were killed and more than 60 injured in the collision of two subway trains in the Mexico City Metro system. One train was preparing to pull out of the station when it stopped because someone had pulled the emergency cord "perhaps several times".  The next scheduled train slammed into the stalled cars.
 * Three Cuban Navy transport ships- El Vietnam Heroico, El Coral Island and La Plata brought the first Cuban soldiers to Angola, to support the Marxist MPLA.

October 21, 1975 (Tuesday)

 * The first passenger train to run the entire 1160 miles length of the completed Tanzam Railroad arrived in Kapiri Mposhi in Zambia, two days after its departure from Dar es Salaam in Tanzania. The railway, a joint venture by Tanzania, Zambia, and the People's Republic of China, was completed a year ahead of schedule after five years of work by 80,000 laborers and engineers.
 * The Boston Red Sox defeated the Cincinnati Reds, 7-6, in Game Six of the 1975 World Series, forcing a deciding seventh game, when Carlton Fisk hit a home run in the 12th inning home run to cap off what many consider to be the best World Series game ever played.
 * Spain's dictator Francisco Franco suffered a heart attack that would leave him bedridden for the rest of his life; Franco would pass away 30 days later.
 * Died: Charles Reidpath, 86, American track athlete and Olympic gold medalist

October 22, 1975 (Wednesday)

 * The Soviet space probe Venera 9 landed on the planet Venus and transmitted Earth's first photographs of the surface of another planet. The first ground-level photos of Venus showed that beneath the thick clouds of carbon dioxide, the planet has a rocky surface.  Venera 9 transmitted for 53 minutes before its equipment gave way to temperatures of 485 C and an atmospheric pressure 90 times higher than that of Earth.
 * The Cincinnati Reds won the seventh and deciding game of the 1975 World Series, 4 to 3, over the Boston Red Sox. The broadcast set a new record for most-watched sporting event in American history.  The Red Sox, who were hosting the final game at Fenway Park, had not won Major League Baseball's championship since 1918 but had led, 3 to 0, after five innings before the game was tied 3 to 3 going into the 9th inning.  With two outs against the Reds, Joe Morgan was at strike two when he made the hit that brought Ken Griffey in from third base for the go-ahead run.  Boston's chance to tie or win the game evaporated after Will McEnaney struck out the first two batters, and Carl Yastrzemski's fly ball hit to center field was caught to give the Reds their first win since 1940.
 * At a meeting in New York, the owners of the 10 remaining teams of the World Football League voted, 6 to 4, to disband the money-losing organization prior to the 12th week of its 20-game schedule.
 * Born: Jesse Tyler Ferguson, American TV actor (Mitchell Pritchett on Modern Family); in Missoula, Montana
 * Died:
 * Arnold J. Toynbee, 86, British historian and author of the 12 volume A Study of History.
 * Daniş Tunalıgil, 60, Turkish Ambassador to Austria, was assassinated by the terrorist group Justice Commandos of the Armenian Genocide.

October 23, 1975 (Thursday)

 * British cancer specialist Gordon Fairley was killed by a terrorist bomb that had been intended by the Irish Republican Army to assassinate Hugh Fraser of the British House of Commons.  Fraser had been preparing to drive Caroline Kennedy, the daughter of President John F. Kennedy, to an errand, but a telephone call delayed him as he was preparing to leave.  Dr. Fairley happened to be walking his two dogs past Fraser's Jaguar XJ6 automobile when the time bomb exploded at 8:40 am.
 * In accordance with the decree of May 27 making the Quechua language one of the official languages of Peru (second to Spanish), the official Quechua alphabet (Alfabeto Basico General de Quechua) was created, with 31 letters. Although c, j, x and z are not used alone, variations such as ch, chh, ch', kh and qh are included.
 * Born: Odalys Garcia, Cuban-born TV actress, in Havana

October 24, 1975 (Friday)

 * Ninety percent of the women in Iceland took part in the first "women's strike", organized by the Red Stockings, a feminist group.

October 25, 1975 (Saturday)

 * Venera 10 became the second space probe to land on the planet Venus. The probe touched down 1,975 miles away from Venera 9 at 8:17 am Moscow time and relayed data, including photographs.
 * A Bolivian Air Force transport plane crashed at Mocomoco, shortly after takeoff from La Paz, killing all 55 people on board.
 * Fighting at a soccer football game in England left 102 people injured and 38 arrested at Upton Park Stadium in West Ham. The football hooliganism incident took place in a game between West Ham United F.C. and Manchester United F.C., and involved 400 violent fans.  West Ham won 2–1.
 * Born: Zadie Smith, English novelist, in London

October 26, 1975 (Sunday)

 * Justin de Jacobis (1800–1860), Italian-born missionary to Ethiopia, was canonized as a saint in the Roman Catholic Church.

October 27, 1975 (Monday)

 * In one of Canada's first school shootings, Robert Poulin shot five people, one fatally, at St. Pius X High School (Ottawa) before killing himself.
 * For the first time, American news magazines Time and Newsweek published editions depicting the same individual on their covers, as both featured American rock musician Bruce Springsteen.
 * Died:
 * Rex Stout, 88, American detective story author who created Nero Wolfe
 * Guillermo de Vega, 41, chief advisor to Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos, was shot five times at his office in the Malacañang Palace by Paulino Arceo, a civilian who had gotten a weapon past the building's security police.

October 28, 1975 (Tuesday)

 * In a private meeting with U.S. President Gerald R. Ford, Vice-President Nelson Rockefeller agreed that he would announce a decision not to be Ford's running mate in 1976. Ford had been in favor of selecting Rockefeller, but was persuaded by aides Donald Rumsfeld and Dick Cheney that Rockefeller's presence could give Ronald Reagan an edge in getting the Republican nomination.
 * Leah Leshefsky, 63, became the last of ten elderly women believed to have been raped and murdered by the "Westside Rapist", who terrorized Los Angeles for almost a year. Beginning on November 7, 1974, women ranging in age from 63 to 92 years old were killed in their homes.  In 2011, DNA evidence linked the crimes to John Floyd Thomas, who confessed to the murders.
 * Died: Georges Carpentier, 81, French boxer, world light heavyweight champion 1920–22

October 29, 1975 (Wednesday)

 * U.S. President Ford told the National Press Club that he would veto any legislation for a federal bailout of New York City. The next day, the New York Daily News ran the famous headline "FORD TO CITY: DROP DEAD".

October 30, 1975 (Thursday)

 * Seventy-five of the 120 people aboard Inex-Adria Aviopromet Flight 450 were killed when the DC-9 jetliner crashed while attempting to land in Prague, at the end of a flight that had originated in Yugoslavia in the city of Tivat (now in Montenegro). Most of the passengers were Czechoslovakian citizens returning from a vacation at the Adriatic Sea.  Visibility at Ruzyně Airport was less than 1500 m and the control tower advised the pilot of Flight 450 that the instrument landing system and precision approach radar on Runway 25 were inoperative.  Given the option to attempt a landing anyway, the pilot was cleared for the approach but the crew found that the aircraft was descending into a gorge at the Vltava River near the Czech suburb of Suchdol and was unable to climb out to avoid impact.
 * Peter Sutcliffe, who would become known as the "Yorkshire Ripper", committed his first murder, shattering the skull of Wilma McCann with a hammer in the city of English city of Leeds. He would be arrested on January 2, 1981 and would later be convicted of 13 murders.
 * Martha Moxley, 15, vanished after going to a Halloween party at the home of her neighbor, 15-year-old Michael Skakel, in an affluent neighborhood in Greenwich, Connecticut. Her body was found the next day bludgeoned and stabbed with a golf club. Skakel, a wealthy nephew of Ethel Kennedy, would be indicted for Moxley's murder 24 years later.  Tried as an adult, Skakel would be convicted in 2002 and given a sentence of 20 years to life.
 * Juan Carlos I of Spain became acting Head of State after dictator Francisco Franco conceded that he is too ill to govern.
 * Died:  Gustav Ludwig Hertz, 88, German physicist, 1925 Nobel Prize laureate

October 31, 1975 (Friday)

 * Queen released one of its most celebrated songs, the single Bohemian Rhapsody, initially in the UK. The song was also on the group's album A Night at the Opera, released on November 21, and the single went on sale in the U.S. in December.
 * The Racial Discrimination Act 1975 took effect in Australia.
 * Tun Mustapha resigned as Chief Minister of Sabah, a state in Malaysia, bringing to an end speculation that he would attempt to lead secession for Sabah to become an independent nation.
 * Died: Rolando Masferrer, 57, Cuban exile who published the anti-Castro weekly newspaper Libertad in Miami, was killed by a bomb placed under his car. The murder remains unsolved.

title: October 1975


text:
November 1975

The following events occurred in November 1975:

November 1, 1975 (Saturday)

 * U.S. President Gerald Ford testified in a videotaped deposition for the trial of Lynette Fromme, who had tried to shoot him in September. The tape was not released to the press nor made available to the public.

November 2, 1975 (Sunday)

 * An arsonist set fire to one of England's most popular tourist attractions, the Royal Pavilion in Brighton. The 22-year-old assailant hurled a firebomb through the window of the music room of the structure, designed by architect John Nash and constructed as a seaside resort for George IV. Firefighters put out the blaze before it could spread to the rest of the building, known for its combination of various Asian architectural styles, but damage was estimated to be at least £100,000 (US$210,000).
 * Died: Pier Paolo Pasolini, 53, Italian film director, was murdered by a 17-year-old boy following a violent argument. Giuseppe Pelosi, who said that Pasolini had made sexual advances toward him, struck Pasolini's skull several times with a piece of wood. Pelosi then took Pasolini's car and used it to run over the film director's body. Pelosi, whose claim of self-defense was rejected, was sentenced to prison for the murder.

November 3, 1975 (Monday)

 * General Khaled Mosharraf led a coup d'état against the government of Bangladesh, arrested Army Chief of Staff Ziaur Rahman, and named himself the new Chief. Mosharraf was killed four days later by Ziaur's supporters in a countercoup.
 * The first petroleum pipeline in the United Kingdom opened in Scotland between Cruden Bay and Grangemouth.
 * In what was dubbed the "Halloween Massacre", despite occurring three days after Halloween, U.S. President Gerald Ford fired CIA Director William E. Colby and Defense Secretary James R. Schlesinger. Replacing Colby was the U.S. representative in Beijing, future U.S. President George H. W. Bush, while Chief of Staff Donald Rumsfeld replaced Schlesinger.
 * Following the cabinet shakeup, U.S. Vice-president Nelson Rockefeller, expected to be President Ford's running mate in 1976, announced in a letter to Ford that "after much thought I have decided I do not wish my name to enter into your consideration for the upcoming Republican nomination." Rockefeller said that he would serve the remainder of the term to which Spiro Agnew had been elected in 1972; after Agnew's resignation, Ford, and then Rockefeller, had become the only persons to ever be appointed as U.S. vice-president.
 * Good Morning America telecast its first episode, with David Hartman and Nancy Dussault as co-hosts as the ABC network's morning news show. Hartman and Dussault replaced the ten-month-old failed program, AM America, and its team of Bill Beutel and Stephanie Edwards. On the same morning, the television game show The Price Is Right expanded from half an hour to an unprecedented hour-long format, on CBS.
 * A partial solar eclipse was visible in southern South America and Antarctica and was the 51st solar eclipse of Solar Saros 123.

November 4, 1975 (Tuesday)

 * Cuba's leader Fidel Castro ordered 650 troops to Angola to support the Marxist MPLA government in its war against UNITA and South Africa.
 * "Nitecaps", hosted by Herb Jepko, became the first nationally syndicated call-in radio show in the United States, broadcast over affiliates of the Mutual Broadcasting System. On February 11, 1964, Jepko had pioneered the concept of a radio show where listeners could call on the telephone and the conversations could be heard over the air.
 * Died:
 * Francis Dvornik, 82, Czech historian
 * Audrey Williams, 52, American musician, wife of Hank Williams and mother of Hank Williams Jr.

November 5, 1975 (Wednesday)

 * The Sex Pistols gave their first public concert and introduced "punk rock" to the United Kingdom. Singer John Lydon, billed as Johnny Rotten, was backed by Glen Matlock, Steve Jones and Paul Cook in a performance at the St. Martin's School of Art. In turn, The Pistols were influenced by the music of an American group, the New York Dolls.
 * The United States announced that it was withdrawing from the International Labour Organization. When the departure became effective on November 6, 1977, the ILO lost 25% of its income; the U.S. would rejoin the ILO on February 18, 1980.
 * Travis Walton, a 22-year-old logger, was working in the Apache-Sitgreaves National Forest with six co-workers near Snowflake, Arizona, when he suddenly disappeared. Walton was found five days later and said that he had been abducted by extraterrestrials. His book, The Walton Experience (1978), would become the basis for a film, Fire in the Sky (1993).
 * Died:
 * Annette Kellerman, 89, Australian swimmer and actress
 * Edward Lawrie Tatum, 65, American geneticist, Nobel Prize winner 1958
 * Agustín Tosco, 45, Argentine union leader
 * Lionel Trilling, 70, American literary critic
 * Lieutenant General Beqir Balluku, 58, former Minister of Defense of Albania, was executed by firing squad along with Major General Petrit Dume, 55, the former Chief of Staff of the Albanian Armed Forces, and Lieutenant General Hito Çako, 52, the former chief of the Albanian Army political directorate. All three had been removed from office in 1974 and convicted of attempting a coup d'état against Albania's Communist First Secretary, Enver Hoxha.

November 6, 1975 (Thursday)

 * The "Green March" began as 524,000 unarmed civilians crossed the border from Morocco into the Spanish Sahara, despite warnings from Spain that they would be shot. After leaving Tarfaya, the group halted after crossing the border and camped, rather than approach the defensive line and minefields set up by Spain. Spain would agree to relinquish the territory eight days later.
 * Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad, who had become President of Bangladesh in August after the assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, was overthrown in a coup and replaced by Chief Justice Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayem. The coup leaders freed Major General Ziaur Rahman, the Chief of Army Staff who was the strongman for the regime and who had been imprisoned two days earlier.
 * Died:
 * Ernst Hanfstaengl, 88, German confidant of Adolf Hitler who defected to the Allies and then provided information on Nazi leaders to the United States.
 * Shimun XXI Eshai, 67, Patriarch of the Assyrian Church of the East since 1920, and leader of Assyrian Christians, was assassinated at his home in San Jose, California, bringing an end to the hereditary succession of the "Shimun line" that had existed since 1600.

November 7, 1975 (Friday)

 * The television series, Wonder Woman, produced by Douglas S. Cramer and starring Lynda Carter as Wonder Woman, debuted as a mid-season replacement on the ABC and CBS networks in the United States.
 * A vapor cloud explosion at a petroleum cracking facility in Geleen, Netherlands killed 14 people and injured 109, with fires continuing to burn for five days.
 * Netherlands industrialist Tiede Herrema was released unharmed in Monasterevin in Ireland, after having been kidnapped and held captive for 36 days.
 * Four days before Angola was to become independent, the first two shiploads of Cuban soldiers, each carrying 4,000 troops, tanks and equipment, departed from Cuba.
 * A team of psychiatrists concluded that former kidnap victim turned criminal, Patty Hearst, was competent to stand trial.

November 8, 1975 (Saturday)

 * Shortly before midnight, Moscow time, the crew of the Soviet frigate Storozhevoy mutinied, as second-in-command Valery Sablin locked up Captain Anatoly Putorny, then seized control of the vessel. The mutiny, which would fail, would inspire the best-selling Tom Clancy novel, and later a film, The Hunt for Red October. Captain 3rd Rank Sablin would be convicted of treason and be executed on August 3, 1976.
 * Daniel "Rudy" Ruettiger, a 5 foot, 165 lb senior walk-on to the Notre Dame football team, who had never gotten to take the field, was allowed to come into the lineup in the final 27 seconds of a game against Georgia Tech. Ruettiger broke through the line and sacked the Tech quarterback who, coincidentally, was also a Rudy— Rudy Allen. Ruettiger's story of determination would later be made into the film Rudy.
 * The first 164 Cuban troops arrived in Angola, as two turboprop airplanes, carrying the MININT Special Forces, landed at Luanda. On the same day, a force of FNLA and Zaire troops invaded Cabinda, an Angolan enclave that was separated from the rest of the nation.
 * Born: Ángel Corella, Spanish ballet dancer, in Madrid

November 9, 1975 (Sunday)

 * News of the mutiny on the frigate Storozhevoy reached the KGB, and Vice Admiral Anatoly Kosov ordered the Soviet Baltic Fleet to locate, chase and intercept the ship as it sped away from the U.S.S.R.
 * As Spain announced that it would not fight for the Western Sahara, Morocco's King Hassan II called off the "Green March" and ordered the 200,000 marchers to return home. In a nationally broadcast address, the King said, "Spain is not only a friendly country, it also is a neighborly and fraternal nation."

November 10, 1975 (Monday)

 * The Treaty of Osimo was signed between Italy and Yugoslavia, resolving the dispute over Trieste, claimed by both nations. Under the agreement, 233 km2 and 302,000 residents went to Italy, while the other 340 km2 and 73,500 inhabitants went to Yugoslavia.
 * On the eve of Angola's independence from Portugal, the Marxist MPLA was able to defeat the FNLA in the fight for control of the capital, Luanda, effectively making Agostinho Neto the first President of the new nation, rather than FNLA Commander Holden Roberto.
 * By a vote of 72–35 (with 32 abstentions), United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3379 was approved, equating Zionism with racism. Sixteen years later, on December 16, 1991, the General Assembly would adopt another resolution revoking the 1975 measure, with 111 nations approving the recission.
 * The freighter SS Edmund Fitzgerald sank at 7:20 pm during a storm in Whitefish Bay on Lake Superior, taking the 29-member crew with it. Singer Gordon Lightfoot would later write a ballad about the ship's demise.
 * Lev Leshchenko revived "Den Pobedy", one of the most popular World War II songs in the Soviet Union.

November 11, 1975 (Tuesday)

 * Angola became independent after five centuries of being ruled as a colony of Portugal. The last High Commissioner, Admiral Leonel Cardoso, had ordered the Portuguese flag lowered at sundown the evening before, and that the ships, transporting the remaining Portuguese troops, leave Angolan waters by midnight. At Luanda, poet Agostinho Neto was sworn in as president.

 * Gough Whitlam was dismissed from his position as Prime Minister of Australia by the nation's Governor-General, Sir John Kerr, who then replaced the Labor Party's Whitlam with the Leader of the Opposition from the opposing Liberal Party, Malcolm Fraser, prompting a constitutional crisis. Kerr, though nominally the head of state acting on behalf of Queen Elizabeth II, rather than the head of the government, used a power granted to him in Section 64 of the Constitution of Australia.
 * Died: Richard Paul Pavlick, 88, retired postal worker who had conspired to assassinate U.S. President-elect John F. Kennedy on December 11, 1960.
 * Died: Richard Paul Pavlick, 88, retired postal worker who had conspired to assassinate U.S. President-elect John F. Kennedy on December 11, 1960.

November 12, 1975 (Wednesday)

 * Andrei Sakharov was denied permission to leave the Soviet Union to accept the 1975 Nobel Peace Prize. Sakharov, a nuclear physicist who had overseen the development of the hydrogen bomb for the U.S.S.R., had later become the nation's most famous dissident. An exit visa was denied him on grounds that "he possesses state secrets". On the same day, author Vladimir I. Maximov was stripped of his citizenship by the Soviet Union; Maximov was living in France at the time.
 * William O. Douglas, whose 36 years as a justice of the United States Supreme Court remains the longest tenure ever, retired at the age of 77. Douglas, who had been debilitated by a stroke on December 31, said in a statement that "I have been unable to shoulder my full share of the burden." Douglas had been on the Court since April 17, 1939.
 * Alabama Governor George C. Wallace became the tenth person to declare his candidacy for the Democratic Party nomination for the 1976 U.S. presidential race. Wallace had run as a third-party candidate in 1968 and had been running for the nomination in 1972 when he was paralyzed by an assassin.
 * Overseas National Airways Flight 32 took off from Kennedy International Airport in New York on a flight to Frankfurt, and encountered a large flock of seagulls on the runway. The birds were sucked into the number 3 engine, causing a fire that spread to the rest of the jet. Remarkably, all 139 of the people on board escaped without injury, in part because they were all ONA employees who had had emergency training. The plane, a DC-10 jumbo jet that had cost forty million dollars, was destroyed. ONA would go bankrupt three years later.

November 13, 1975 (Thursday)

 * The 1973 agreement, that had ended the "Cod War" between the United Kingdom and Iceland, expired after two years. Under the pact, the two nations had agreed on fishing rights in the best fishing waters, located within 50 miles of Iceland. With no agreement in place, Iceland attempted again to bar British fishing, and the disagreement would go on for seven months.
 * At the Palais Theatre in Melbourne, The Australian Ballet premiered The Merry Widow, an adaptation by choreographer Ronald Hynd of the 1905 Franz Lehár operetta Die lustige Witwe.
 * Died:
 * R. C. Sherriff, 79, English playwright
 * Olga Bergholz, 62, Soviet poet

November 14, 1975 (Friday)

 * Spain abandoned the Western Sahara to be divided between Morocco and Mauritania effective February 28, 1976.
 * The siege of Portugal's Sao Bento Palace ended after 36 hours. On Wednesday, a group of 20,000 construction workers surrounded the building, trapping 200 legislators, including Prime Minister Jose Pinheiro de Azevedo and two of his ministers. The siege ended after the government agreed to raise the pay of the employees.
 * Israeli troops pulled back from their positions in Egypt's Sinai Peninsula in the first step of carrying out the agreement that had been made in September, and turned over the 450 square mile Ras Suhr oil fields, captured in 1967, to United Nations control. In return for giving up the fields, the U.S. agreed to pay Israel $350,000,000 for loss of revenue from the sale of oil.
 * Born: Gary Vaynerchuk, Belarusian-American entrepreneur, wine critic, and Internet personality, in Babruysk, Byelorussian SSR, Soviet Union

November 15, 1975 (Saturday)

 * The "Group of Six" (G-6) industrialized nations was formed at its first summit at the Château de Rambouillet in France. The leaders of France, West Germany, Japan, Italy, the United Kingdom and the United States began their economic summit at a castle 30 miles from Paris.

November 16, 1975 (Sunday)

 * The Third Cod War began between the United Kingdom and Iceland, and would last until June 1976.

November 17, 1975 (Monday)

 * Soyuz 20, an uncrewed spacecraft, was launched by the Soviet Union in order to test the endurance of the vehicle and a biological payload. It remained in orbit for 90 days and returned on February 16, 1976.

November 18, 1975 (Tuesday)

 * A total lunar eclipse was visible in both Americas, Europe, Africa, Asia and western Australia, and was the 21st lunar eclipse of Lunar Saros 135.
 * Eldridge Cleaver, former leader of the Black Panthers group, returned to the United States after seven years in exile. Cleaver, living in Paris, had fled the U.S. in 1968 after being charged with violating parole and for having fled a conviction on assault with intent to murder. Cleaver would be jailed until 1980, with a plea agreement dropping the attempted murder charge and being sentenced to time served for the other charges.
 * Born:
 * David Ortiz, Dominican-born MLB designatged hitter, in Santo Domingo
 * Anthony McPartlin, British TV presenter, actor and singer (Ant and Dec), in Newcastle upon Tyne

November 19, 1975 (Wednesday)

 * The first federal special education legislation the Education for All Handicapped Children Act, was passed by the U.S. Senate, 87 to 7, after being approved by the House the day before, 404 to 7. The law provided for the equal right of public education to all children, regardless of disability. President Ford would sign the bill into law on November 29.
 * One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, which would win the Academy Award for Best Film, was released nationwide in the United States. Directed by Miloš Forman, the film starred Jack Nicholson as a mental patient, and Louise Fletcher as a sadistic nurse.
 * Born: Sushmita Sen, Indian beauty queen and actress selected as Miss Universe in 1994; in Hyderabad

November 20, 1975 (Thursday)

 * The release of a report by the U.S. Senate Intelligence Committee confirmed that the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency had tried twice to assassinate Cuban dictator Fidel Castro, and once to poison Congo Premier Patrice Lumumba, and that it had supplied aid to insurgents who later assassinated South Vietnam's President Ngo Dinh Diem and Dominican Republic dictator Rafael Trujillo. The report emphasized that "No foreign leaders were killed as a result of assassination plots initiated by officials of the United States." Lumumba had been killed later by political rivals in the Congo.
 * Former California Governor Ronald Reagan entered the race for the Republican presidential nomination, challenging incumbent President Gerald Ford. Afterward, Reagan flew to Miami, where he was confronted at his motel by a 20-year-old man holding a pistol, which turned out to be a plastic toy replica of a .45 caliber revolver.
 * Dr. Heinrich Schuetz was sentenced to ten years in prison after being convicted of war crimes in Munich, West Germany. In 1942, Dr. Schuetz, a colonel in the SS, had injected bacteria into eleven Roman Catholic priests imprisoned at the Dachau concentration camp as part of a medical experiment.
 * Born:
 * Dierks Bentley, American country singer, as Frederick Dierks Bentley in Phoenix, Arizona;
 * Davey Havok, American rock musician, frontman of AFI, as David Allen Passaro in Rochester, New York
 * Died:
 * Spanish dictator Francisco Franco, 82, died in Madrid, effectively marking the end of the dictatorship established following the Spanish Civil War and the beginning of Spain's transition to democracy.
 * Tokushichi Mishima, 82, Japanese inventor and engineer

November 21, 1975 (Friday)

 * Antuilio Ortiz, who had become the first person to hijack an American airline flight to Cuba, was arrested by U.S. authorities, 14 years after his May 1, 1961 commandeering of a National Airlines plane to Havana. Ortiz, who had remained in Cuba and lived comfortably for his first two years, had been incarcerated several times after trying to leave the Communist nation. He would spend another four years in a Florida prison, a relatively light sentence because there had been no federal law against hijacking at the time of Ortiz's crime.
 * Born: Chris Moneymaker, American poker player, 2003 World Series of Poker winner and the first to have qualified for the Series at an online poker site, causing a change in the game called "The Moneymaker effect"; in Atlanta

November 22, 1975 (Saturday)

 * Juan Carlos de Borbon was administered an oath as the first King of Spain in 44 years, two days after the death of dictator Francisco Franco, the third restoration of the House of Bourbon in the country. His reign would continue until his abdication on June 19, 2014.
 * The U.S. Navy missile cruiser USS Belknap (CG-26) collided with the aircraft carrier USS John F. Kennedy (CV-67), killing seven people on the Belknap and one on the Kennedy. Captain Walter R. Shafer of USS Belknap would be acquitted of charges of negligence in a court-martial six months later.
 * Born: Yusaku Maezawa, Japanese billionaire entrepreneur, in Kamagaya

November 23, 1975 (Sunday)

 * Spanish dictator Francisco Franco's funeral was held in Madrid.
 * The Edmonton Eskimos won the Grey Cup and the championship of the Canadian Football League, beating the Montreal Alouettes, 9–8, in a game that went down to the last play. With 0:45 left and trailing 9–7, Montreal was on the 19 yard line to kick what would have won the game 10–9, but a bad snap, bad placement and bad kick caused Don Sweet's kick to go wide right and through the end zone for a single.

November 24, 1975 (Monday)

 * Basque terrorists assassinated Antonio Echeverria, the mayor of the Spanish city of Oyarzun, at his home. Echeverria had fired two city councilmen after they had joined a protest against the September 27 executions of five other terrorists.
 * Born: Lee Wan Wah, Malaysian badminton player, 2007 and 2008 Asian champion; in Ipoh

November 25, 1975 (Tuesday)

 * Suriname, formerly Dutch Guiana, was granted independence from the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The previous Governor, Johan Ferrier, became first President of the South American nation and Henck Arron became its first Prime Minister.
 * In his first major act as Spain's monarch, King Juan Carlos abolished the death penalty for all prisoners awaiting execution, and issued a general pardon of political prisoners, with the exception of 500 people arrested under the antiterrorism law passed in September. About 9,000 prisoners would be released.
 * Rebel paratrooper units attempted a military coup in Portugal, seizing four air force bases throughout the country. Lt. Col. António Ramalho Eanes led a countercoup. Major Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho and 200 coup participants were arrested; Eanes would defeat Carvalho in two subsequent presidential elections.

November 26, 1975 (Wednesday)

 * Quick action, by the pilot of an American Airlines DC-10, averted a mid-air collision with a TWA Lockheed Tri-Star that could have killed 308 people. Captain Guy Eby sent the DC-10 into a dive, injuring 24 of the 194 people on board, after being alerted by an air traffic controller that the two jumbo jets were rapidly approaching each other. American Airlines Flight 182 was on its way from Chicago to Newark, while TWA Flight 37 was going from Philadelphia to Los Angeles with 114 on board. The two jets were both cruising at 35,000 feet when the encounter took place over Carleton, Michigan. At 7:22 pm local time, a controller at the Cleveland ATC center gave the order "American 182, descend immediately to 330". The subsequent investigation concluded that the error lay with one of the controllers, who had been aware that both jets were at the same altitude, but failed to resolve the problem, nor inform the person who took over from him one minute before the dive order was given. AA 182 made an emergency landing at Detroit, while TWA 37 continued to Philadelphia without the passengers being aware of their brush with death.
 * Reversing a prior decision to avoid bailing out New York City from bankruptcy, President Ford proposed a federal program for up to $2.3 billion in short-term loans.
 * In Sacramento, California, Lynette Fromme became the first person to be convicted under a federal law against attempted assassination of a United States President. The jury of 8 women and 4 men deliberated for 19 hours over a three-day period before returning a guilty verdict. The jurors, believed to have been in fear of revenge from the "Manson family" and other followers of Charles Manson, declined interviews and photographs.

November 27, 1975 (Thursday)

 * Ross McWhirter, co-founder of the Guinness Book of Records, was killed by the Provisional Irish Republican Army after confronting two men at his home in North London. A month earlier, McWhirter had offered a $102,000 reward for the capture of the perpetrators of IRA house bombings that had killed eight people.
 * The United Kingdom announced plans for limited home rule for Scotland and Wales, with each to have their own elected unicameral legislatures and control over local government services, in what was seen as a plan to thwart independence movements in both countries.
 * Born: Martín Gramática, Argentine native who became an NFL placekicker; in Buenos Aires

November 28, 1975 (Friday)

 * Portuguese Timor declared its independence from Portugal as the Democratic Republic of East Timor, with FRETILIN leader Francisco Xavier do Amaral as the nation's first President. On December 7, neighboring Indonesia would invade from its half of the island, the province of West Timor, and conquer the fledgling nation, killing 100,000 people, and annex it as Indonesia's 27th province. East Timor would finally regain its independence on May 20, 2002.

November 29, 1975 (Saturday)

 * In elections in New Zealand, the Labour Party, led by Prime Minister Bill Rowling, lost its 55–32 majority in the House of Representatives, with 23 seats going to the National Party, headed by Rob Muldoon. The result was an exact reversal, with the Nationals having the 55-32 control of the House.
 * Died: Graham Hill, 46, English race car driver, twice Formula One World Champion (1962 and 1968), and 1966 Indianapolis 500 winner, was killed along with five other people when his Piper Aztec airplane crashed into trees before coming to a rest on a golf course at the London suburb of Barnet. Hill's plane was apparently attempting to land at a small airfield in Elstree.

November 30, 1975 (Sunday)

 * By decree of President Mathieu Kerekou, the name of the African nation of Dahomey was changed to the People's Republic of Benin.
 * Two days after the independence group FRETILIN had declared the independence of East Timor, the rival political parties UDT and APODETI issued a Declaration of "the independence and integration of the whole former colonial Territory of Portuguese Timor with the Republic of Indonesia, which is in accordance with the real wishes of the entire people of Portuguese Timor."

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: November 1975


text:
User talk:Snchduer

Argyrosargyrou
You can start the process by filing a Request for Comments on him, then proceed from there. RickK 22:02, May 28, 2005 (UTC)

He regularly violates NPOV and no personal attacks. Has he ever been blocked for making more than three reverts in 24 hours? RickK 23:09, May 28, 2005 (UTC)

I do not think he violates anything. Snchduer is obviously biased himself. I see that you have some Turkish bias. What do you mean by the north of Cyprus being "overrun"? It was already overrun by the Turks in 1974. Wake up!!! Stop your blabbing about Argyrosargyrou. By the way, this is not a personal attack. But if I were to use your standards, you are personally attacking Argyrosargyrou. Unfortunately, hypocracy permeates through everything, even this medium. UNFanatic

 * I reworded this "overrun" on my user page, seeing that it was not a very lucky wording. Thanks for the hint. I did not mean to politicise there and apologise. - Snchduer 12:49, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Hm, I might have gone out of hand at one time or another against Argyro (though I tried to remain calm), but he certainly violates quite some standards on wikipedia. He personally attacked several users (evidence can be found on the archives of Talk:Cyprus_dispute), and wants the Cyprus_dispute page to reflect the view of the RoC government. This view can hardly be regarded as neutral or balanced - this of course also applies to the views propagated by the TRNC (I do not want to discuss about existence or non-existence of this entity here) and Turkey. It would thusly violate the NPOV policy of wikipedia. I hope that now that the page is protected we can come to an agreement - Snchduer 12:49, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

 * to answer your post on my talk page, I just posted to RfC. I have not done any editing on the Argyro-specific RfC sub-page. I was going to wait and let that one grow organically... I suspect it will do so over time. Feco 18:51, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

Civilian casualties and displacements during the Cyprus conflict
I've rune out of reverts, but another one is badly needed. Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 15:03, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Found it more productive to re-edit a bit. - Snchduer 16:12, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

entrenched positions
Argyrosargyrou and I actually have something in common: a strong need to defend what we both feel. This has caused a nasty spat on the Cyprus Dispute discussion. What you are trying to do is to place some 'oil on troubled waters', but on an issue like Cyprus, it can end up more like pouring petrol on a bonfire! But thanks for trying all the same. Expatkiwi 06:35 01 June 2005 (UTC)

RfA on Argyrosargyrou
I've started a Requests for arbitration on User:Argyrosargyrou. Please take a look and add any evidence you feel is relevant to Requests for arbitration/Argyrosargyrou/Evidence. -- ChrisO 22:18, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Cyprus dispute
The article Cyprus dispute was unprotected on June 11. Argyrosargyrou subsequently editted it on June 13. You may want to have a look at it, as I know an RfAr is currently ongoing against the above user. I don't know anything about the topic, so I can't verify if the user's edits are historically accurate or not. --Scimitar 19:16, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Whoohoo! Nevermind. He's under 24-hour block, after he went on a bizarre campaign against me and anyone else who opposed his attempts to unilaterally impose his POV. If you need any help in future because he is making similar actions, please don't hesitate to drop a note off at my talk page. --Scimitar 22:52, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Cyprus dispute new version
Hi, i dont actually find the Cyprus dispute version bad at all. I think it gives an excellent overview of the situation for both Turk and Greek without becoming too political. The only disagreements with that article are coming from Greek people; Argy, Ank and UNFanatic. They seem to want more specific examples of Turkish wrong doing, such as listing human right abuses, court cases, TV documentaries and so forth. I could easily counter these with specific examples of Greek wrongdoings but the article will again deteriorate into accusations. I believe the best way to go is to make minor changes to the current article, and keep it general and informative.

Thats just my opinion anyway. --E.A 18:17, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Yeah i agree at least discussion can be held with Ank and UNFanatic, perhaps we should just ask them what amends they would actually like to Cyprus dispute before we consider creating a new article. --E.A 18:45, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I am currently a busy student. I am trying to be on "vacation" for the next month(taking exams). I would be happy to help in small bits. If I only had more time though. My 2 cents worth: the Cyprus issue is complex as it is. It will be hard to condense that article without upsetting anyone. Perhaps is could be counted as a "13th" labor for Hercules to do. I am up to the challenge, but for the time being I am unable to commit any extended time for the next month. Keep me informed though. (UNFanatic 00:26, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC))

 * By the way, I actually like your organization headings for the proposed new article. A hail to German ingenuity.(UNFanatic 01:38, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC))

I tend to agree with the clean start approach. This has the advantage of "we agree" before anything happens. Instead of lets make this small change but the other side does not want to. The Cyprus problem has though a fundamental problem. Some people (on both sides) are not willing to face the truth. They are not, also, willing to put aside (not forget) the past. In this group I can place E.A., Expatwiki, ArgyrosArgyrou and others that have been editing in WP. From my personal experience, these individuals are a minority that are active in forums like the WP where the common people on the ground cannot or do not know how to participate. The result is that the ultra nationalist, separatist (E.A. et al) and domination (Argy) views are strong. I am really not willing to fight battles on WP (have done this on many forums before) that are simply without content and do not lead to anything. I prefer to discuss with people face to face where I can see the hope and agony and concern for the common future. BUT I am for creating articles that describe what has happened to the best of the knowledge we can discover. I am in for this but I will be the sole judge when the "train has derailed". Thanks for the invitation anyway. --Ank99 12:08, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Re:VfD/Turkish Invasion of Cyprus
Thanks for your question. VfD works by consensus, more than a simple majority in favour of deletion is needed to remove an article. In general nothing is deleted without at least two-thirds support, this level of support did not exist to erase Turkish Invasion of Cyprus. At the same time there was also no consensus that the page should be kept. Since the vote was also marred with lengthy debates and probable sockpuppets perhaps the best option, if you strongly feel the page should be deleted, is to relist it on VfD. - SimonP 13:45, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)

Signatures
Since you asked: I don't think you're supposed to use templates for signatures. I get my colour effect through regular HTML in the signatures box (found on the preference page). My signature Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd is made up of: Andrew Lenahan - Starblind If you want a similar effect, feel free to modify this for your needs. Other HTML colour codes can be found on Google, or you can use a small program to help you with which codes to use to get a complex fade effect. I've used this in the past and been very happy with it.

Hope this helps, if you need more info, just ask! Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 03:04, Jun 17, 2005 (UTC)

A Question
I do not know if it is wise or not but I am taking Expatiki's lead in his recent contributions and editing some bio's on politicians from Cyprus. By only source is from the Cyprus website, which is legitimate for biographical purposes. I do not want to get in trouble or anything for this. I can only do this once a week.(UNFanatic)

Banner
Just so you know, that banner at the top is all but illegible, and quite hard on the eyes (at least mine). You might want to change it to a lighter blue. -- Dpark 21:43, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * THanks and done. - Think Different 28 June 2005 13:41 (UTC)

Cyprus discussion forum - can we help?
Hi

I was interested to find this struggle to get a version of the cyprus dispute page agreed. We have a relatively new and small discussion forum (www.talkcyprus.org) and these discussions of alternate views of history are frequent on the forum. It's a difficult task you have set yourself here. Do you think it would help if I invited the users of this forum to come and contibute to the effort or just add to the confusion? If so I will gladly do so.

erolz

Survey Invitation
Hi there, I am a research student from the National University of Singapore and I wish to invite you to do an online survey about Wikipedia. To compensate you for your time, I am offering a reward of USD$10, either to you or as a donation to the Wikimedia Foundation. For more information, please go to the research home page. Thank you. --WikiInquirer 18:53, 9 March 2007 (UTC)talk to me

title: User talk:Snchduer


text: Category:Towers in Denmark

title: Category:Towers in Denmark


text:
December 1972

The following events occurred in December 1972:

December 1, 1972 (Friday)

 * India and Pakistan exchanged prisoners of war taken during the 1971 war between the two nations. In all, 542 Pakistanis and 639 Indians were repatriated.
 * Died: Antonio Segni, 81, Prime Minister of Italy 1955-1957, 1959-1960; President of Italy, 1962 to 1964

December 2, 1972 (Saturday)

 * In elections in Australia, the Australian Labor Party (ALP), led by Gough Whitlam, won 67 of the 125 seats in the House of Representatives, to take control of the government from the coalition of the Liberal Party (headed by Prime Minister William McMahon) and the Country Party, removing the Liberals from a majority for the first time in 23 years. However, since the election was only for the House of Representatives, the DLP held the balance of power in the Senate. This in effect deprived the incoming Labor Government a Senate majority. Whitlam was sworn in as Prime Minister three days later and introduced dramatic economic, social and political reforms, including withdrawal of troops from Vietnam, freeing imprisoned draft protesters, and setting up ties with China, North Vietnam and East Germany.
 * One of the most spectacular examples of a sinkhole was formed in a matter of hours in Shelby County, Alabama. The "December Giant", also known as the "Golly Hole", sank to a depth of 150 ft and left a 450 by crater.
 * Died:
 * José Limón, 64, Mexican choreographer
 * Ip Man, 79, master of Wing Chun Kung Fu

December 3, 1972 (Sunday)

 * Spantax Flight 275 crashed shortly after takeoff from Tenerife, killing all 155 people on board. Of the 148 passengers, 143 were West German travelers returning to Munich following the end of a South Atlantic Ocean liner cruise.
 * Died: Bill Johnson, 100, American jazz musician

December 4, 1972 (Monday)

 * Ramón Ernesto Cruz, who had been elected President of Honduras in 1971, was overthrown in a coup led by the Army. General Oswaldo López Arellano, who had handed power over to Cruz following the election, returned to office as president.
 * Steven Stayner, age 7, was kidnapped while walking home from school in Merced, California. For more than seven years, Steven would live as "Dennis Parnell" with his kidnapper, Kenneth Parnell, until Parnell kidnapped another child, Timmy White. Stayner would be reunited with his family at age 14 after he and White went to the police in Ukiah, California. The story became a book and a 1988 television movie, with the title I Know My First Name Is Steven.

December 5, 1972 (Tuesday)

 * Screening of all passengers and carry-on luggage would be required in all American airports by January 5, 1973, under emergency regulations announced the United States Department of Transportation. Federal funds would pay for the equipment, and the additional personnel would be paid for by the airlines and airport operators.  There had been 29 hijackings in the United States in 1972.  In 1973 there were two.
 * A United States appellate court panel set aside a regulation that would have required airbags in motor vehicles made on or after August 15, 1975.
 * A U.S. government spokesman, who asked not to be identified, announced that for the first time in United States history, the fertility rate had dropped below the zero population growth (ZPG) standard of 2.11 births for every woman, from 2.28 in 1971 to 2.04 in 1972.

December 6, 1972 (Wednesday)

 * The United Nations, through UNESCO, voted to fund the restoration of Borobudur, a Buddhist shrine constructed in the 9th century in Indonesia. The work was completed in 1983.
 * Died: Janet Munro, 38, British actress, died of alcohol-related myocarditis

December 7, 1972 (Thursday)

 * The last draft call for induction of American adult males into the U.S. Armed Forces was made, and no person has been drafted into the U.S. military in more than half a century since then.
 * Imelda Marcos, First Lady of the Philippines, was slashed repeatedly by a bolo knife–wielding assassin, who attacked her at an awards ceremony at the Nayong Pilipino theme park in Pasay. Mrs. Marcos required 75 stitches.
 * Apollo 17 was launched from Cape Kennedy at 12:33 a.m. EST after a delay of nearly three hours. Carrying astronauts Gene Cernan, Ronald Evans, Harrison Schmitt, and five mice, the mission was the last crewed trip to the Moon for at least 50 years. With an orbital trajectory that permitted a fully illuminated view of the entire planet, the crew snapped a famous image of the planet, colloquially called The Blue Marble. After three hours, rockets were fired and the three astronauts of Apollo 17 became the last people for at least 50 years to go beyond the orbit of the Earth.
 * Born: Hermann Maier, Austrian skier; in Altenmarkt im Pongau

December 8, 1972 (Friday)

 * United Airlines Flight 553 Boeing 737 from Washington to Chicago crashed at 2:29 p.m. while attempting to land at Chicago Midway Airport during an ice storm. Killed were 43 of 61 people on board, and two people in a house at 3722 W. 70th Place.  The dead included Dorothy Hunt (wife of Watergate conspirator E. Howard Hunt), CBS News reporter Michelle Clark, and Illinois Congressman George W. Collins. This was the first fatal crash of a Boeing 737.
 * Florida became the first state, since the June 29 U.S. Supreme Court ruling in Furman v. Georgia, to reinstate capital punishment. Governor Reubin Askew signed the bill into law a week after it had passed both houses of the State Legislature.
 * Dr. Mahmoud Hamshari, the PLO representative in France, was fatally wounded by a bomb, planted near his telephone by agents of Israel's Mossad, in retaliation for his suspected role in the 1972 Munich Massacre. After the explosive had been placed during Hamshari's absence, an agent telephoned him and asked enough questions to confirm his identity.  The bomb was then detonated by remote control, possibly by a signal through the telephone line.

December 9, 1972 (Saturday)

 * Pilot Marten Hartwell was rescued in the Canadian Arctic more than a month after he and three other people had crashed near Great Bear Lake in the Northwest Territories. The plane's disappearance had led to the largest aviation search in Canada's history.
 * Born: Tré Cool (Frank Edwin Wright III), drummer and backup singer for the group Green Day; in Frankfurt, West Germany.
 * Died Louella Parsons, 91, American gossip columnist

December 10, 1972 (Sunday)

 * In Japan's parliamentary election, the Liberal Democratic Party won again, losing 24 seats but retaining 271 of the 491 in the lower house of the Diet.
 * Amnesty International launched its first worldwide Campaign for the Abolition of Torture.
 * Richard Fliehr made his professional wrestling debut in Rice Lake, Wisconsin, under the name of Ric Flair.
 * The American League adopted the designated hitter rule, initially on a three-year trial.
 * Born: Brian Molko, British-American musician for the band Placebo; in Brussels, Belgium

December 11, 1972 (Monday)

 * People from Earth landed on the Moon for the sixth and last time, as the Apollo 17 lunar module Challenger touched down at 1954 UTC (1:54 pm Houston time) at the Taurus–Littrow crater.
 * Soviet and Chinese soldiers clashed at the border, with several of the Soviet soldiers being killed.
 * "Don't Buy Farah Day" was declared by the Amalgamated Clothing Workers union, which asked Americans nationwide to boycott the non-union Farah Manufacturing, in protest over low wages and benefits paid by one of the largest clothing makers in the United States. During the course of a strike that lasted from May 1972 to March 1974, Farah's sales dropped by twenty million dollars.
 * Born: Daniel Alfredsson, Swedish NHL player; in Gothenburg

December 12, 1972 (Tuesday)

 * A boatload with 65 Haitian refugees, mostly black, landed in Florida, the first "boat people" to flee from Haiti to the United States. Landings were sporadic until 1978, when thousands of Haitians, fleeing the Duvalier regime, began seeking sanctuary in the U.S.
 * MCA Inc. unveiled Disco-Vision, a videodisc system to rival RCA's SelectaVision. The picture quality was poor and the system never went on sale.
 * Born: Chris Senn, professional skateboarder; in Grass Valley, California

December 13, 1972 (Wednesday)

 * North Vietnam's negotiators walked out of the Paris Peace Talks. President Nixon issued an ultimatum to the North Vietnamese to return to the talks within 72 hours, or face severe measures.  On December 18, the United States began Operation Linebacker II, the most massive aerial bombardment ever made of North Vietnam.
 * Born: Chris Grant, Australian rules football star; in Daylesford, Victoria

December 14, 1972 (Thursday)

 * Shortly after midnight Eastern Standard Time, American astronaut Eugene Cernan climbed into the lunar module Challenger, following after Harrison Schmitt, having been the last person to have set foot on the Moon for at least 50 years; the scheduled end of the Apollo 17 moonwalk had been 0433 GMT (11:33 pm December 13 EST). At 2255 GMT (5:55 pm EST), the cabin of the Challenger lunar module lifted off from the surface of the Moon with Cernan and Schmitt, to return to lunar orbit. NASA's Artemis 3 mission, designed to land a crew of astronauts on the Moon for the first time in more than 53 years, is scheduled to take place no earlier than September 2026.
 * Willy Brandt was re-elected as Chancellor of West Germany, needing 247 votes in the 493 member Bundestag, and receiving 269.
 * Born: Miranda Hart, English comedian and actress; in Torquay, Devon.

December 15, 1972 (Friday)

 * The United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) was created by a 112–0 vote of the UN General Assembly.
 * The Commonwealth of Australia Conciliation and Arbitration Commission issued a decision requiring equal pay for women.
 * Died:
 * Adrian Stokes, 70, British writer, painter and art critic
 * Bob Mosher, 57, TV sitcom writer and producer known for Leave It to Beaver and The Munsters, died of an inoperable brain tumor.

December 16, 1972 (Saturday)

 * Over 300 civilians— men, women and children— were massacred by Portuguese troops in the east African village of Wiriamu in Mozambique, at that time a colony of Portugal. The murder was made in retaliation for the ambush of a Portuguese Army patrol the day before.  At least 328 bodies were buried later, although observers concluded that the number of victims was more than 400. Like Lidice, Wiriamu was razed.  Unlike Lidice, Wiriamu was never rebuilt.
 * The Apollo 17 orbiter began its return to Earth, as the America became the last crewed spacecraft to orbit the Moon.
 * Six people were killed in a small plane crash in Cheektowaga, New York. The pilot of a twin engine Cessna 421 was unable to return to the Buffalo Niagara International Airport and slammed into two homes killing his two passengers and three people in two houses on Diane Drive in Cheektowaga.

December 17, 1972 (Sunday)

 * Running back Dave Hampton became the first player for the Atlanta Falcons to rush for 1,000 yards in a season, as Atlanta closed its season against the Kansas City Chiefs. On his next carry, Hampton was tackled for a five-yard loss, and finished 1972 with 995 yards rushing.
 * Died: Rodolfo Cadena, 30, founder of the Mexican Mafia prison gang at the California Institution for Men, after being stabbed 70 times by members of a rival gang.

December 18, 1972 (Monday)

 * Operation Linebacker II, described more generally as the Christmas Bombing and sometimes as "The Eleven-Day War", began at 2:51 pm as the first of 87 B-52 bombers, piloted by Major Bill Stocker, lifted off from Andersen AFB in Guam. These were joined by 42 more B-52s flying from Thailand, along with 400 fighters and refueling tankers. At 7:40 pm Hanoi time, from an altitude of 35,000 ft, the bombers began dropping their payloads on targets in North Vietnam, and were met by hundreds of SAM missiles and some MiG-21 fighters. There were 121 bombing runs in the first 24 hours.
 * Neilia Hunter Biden, the wife of U.S. Senator-elect (and future U.S. vice-president and President) Joe Biden, was killed in a traffic accident, along with the couple's 13-month-old daughter, Naomi. Mrs. Biden's car was struck by a tractor-trailer at 2:30 pm as she pulled into an intersection near Hockessin, Delaware. The Bidens' two sons, aged three and four, were injured.

December 19, 1972 (Tuesday)

 * The supertanker Sea Star collided with another ship and spilled 144,000,000 l of petroleum into the Persian Gulf.
 * Apollo 17 returned to Earth, concluding the Apollo program of lunar exploration.
 * Born:
 * Warren Sapp, American NFL defensive tackle, 1999 NFL Defensive Player of the Year and 2013 inductee to the Pro Football Hall of Fame; in Orlando, Florida
 * Alyssa Milano, American TV actress known for Charmed and Who's the Boss?; in Brooklyn

December 20, 1972 (Wednesday)

 * The last Australian servicemen to serve in the Vietnam War were brought home.
 * Neil Simon's play The Sunshine Boys was first performed, at the Broadhurst Theatre on Broadway.
 * The Northrop M2-F3, the "wingless airplane", made its final flight, achieving an altitude of 71,500 ft.
 * Ten passengers on North Central Airlines Flight 575 were killed at Chicago's O'Hare Airport, after the DC-9 jet was cleared for takeoff on Runway 27L to Madison, Wisconsin at the same time that a plane that had just arrived from Tampa, Delta Air Lines Flight 954, a CV-880, was taxiing across Runway 27L due to an air traffic ground control miscommunication. Flight 575 collided with Delta Flight 954 at eight seconds past six o'clock in the evening, 44 seconds after it had accelerated for takeoff from O'Hare's Runway 27L. Specifically, the investigating agency concluded that the ground controller's statement "pull over to thirty-two pad" for holding, without specifying whether it was the 32R holding pad that the Delta CV-880 had rolled past, or the 32L pad on the other side of the runway.

December 21, 1972 (Thursday)

 * The Grundlagenvertrag, or Basic Treaty, between the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) and the German Democratic Republic (East Germany), was signed in East Berlin after negotiations as part of West Germany's Ostpolitik change in policy toward its Communist neighbor to the east. The two nations agreed to "develop normal good-neighbourly relations" and to "reaffirm the inviolability now and in the future of the border existing between them", as well as resolving that "neither of the two States can represent the other".
 * Died: General Paul Hausser, 92, Commander of the German Waffen-SS, activist in rehabilitation of former SS members, and Commander-in-Chief of the German Seventh Army in Normandy during D-Day

December 22, 1972 (Friday)

 * The Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) children's television show Adventure Island broadcast its 1,175th and final episode after a run of five years.
 * The Bach Mai Hospital in Hanoi was struck by seven bombs dropped by American airplanes on the fifth day of Operation Linebacker II. Eighteen people— physicians, medical students, nurses and patients— were killed.
 * Roberto Canessa and Fernando Parrado emerged from the Andes mountains to give the news that they and 14 others had survived the October 13 Uruguayan plane crash in the Andes. A Chilean Air Force helicopter picked up six of the men, and the other eight were rescued the next day.
 * Born: Vanessa Paradis, French singer and actress; in Saint-Maur-des-Fossés, Val-de-Marne département

December 23, 1972 (Saturday)

 * At 12:29 a.m., an earthquake of 6.2 magnitude leveled Managua, the capital of Nicaragua, and killed more than 10,000 people, destroyed 589 city blocks, and left 400,000 homeless.
 * Braathens Flight 239, a Norwegian airplane flight from Ålesund to Oslo, crashed while attempting a landing, killing 40 of the 45 persons on board.
 * The Pittsburgh Steelers beat the Oakland Raiders 13–7, on a last second play that became known as "The Immaculate Reception". The term was used on WTAE-TV's 11 o'clock news by Steelers announcer Myron Cope, who gave credit to a fan, Michael Ord, for coining it, and Sharon Levosky, a friend of Ord's, who called Cope.  With 0:22 left, the Steelers trailed 7–6, and were at fourth and 10 on their own 40-yard line. Terry Bradshaw threw a pass that was deflected, and then caught by Franco Harris, who ran 60 yards for the winning touchdown.
 * Died: Andrei Tupolev, 84, Russian aeronautical engineer and designer of more than 100 different types of Soviet aircraft

December 24, 1972 (Sunday)

 * U.S. bombing of North Vietnam was temporarily halted for 36 hours at 8:00 am local time on Christmas Eve, although Radio Hanoi reported that raids had continued as late as 7:30 pm.
 * Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, leader of the Pakhtoon people, was allowed to return to Pakistan after an exile of eight years, after he agreed to drop calls for an independent "Pakhtoonistan".
 * Born: Klaus Schnellenkamp, Chilean author of German descent; in Colonia Dignidad
 * Died: Charles Atlas (stage name for Angelo Sicilano), 80, American bodybuilder and developer of dynamic tension program sold by mail

December 25, 1972 (Monday)

 * An unpublished decree took effect in the U.S.S.R., making it illegal for Soviet residents to meet with foreigners "for the purpose of disseminating false or slanderous information about the Soviet Union", a definition that covered most dissidents. Confirmation of the decree's existence would not be made until more than five months later.
 * Yuri Andropov, the Director of the KGB, recommended that the Soviet Politburo allocate $100,000 in U.S. currency to influence the March parliamentary elections in Chile. The Politburo approved the transfer on February 7, 1973.
 * Born: Qu Yunxia, Chinese middle-distance runner and holder of the women's 1500 m world record (3:50.46) which stood for 22 years
 * Died: Chakravarti Rajagopalachari, 94, Indian freedom-fighter and the last Governor-General of India, from 1948 to 1950

December 26, 1972 (Tuesday)

 * In what has been described as the airstrike that "decided the entire air war over North Vietnam", Operation Linebacker II saw 220 American aircraft strike targets over a fifteen-minute period, destroying a missile assembly facility, and crippling radar stations and airbases. The North Vietnamese agreed to resume peace talks after three more days of bombing.  The bombings on the day after Christmas also destroyed residences and businesses on Hanoi's Kham Tien Street, killing 215 civilians.
 * The Santiago, Chile, newspaper El Mercurio broke the story that the 16 survivors of the Uruguayan plane crash in the Andes mountains had turned to cannibalism to avoid starvation.
 * The Soviet Union's governing Presidium approved an order changing the "Chinese-sounding names" of nine cities in Siberia that had been seized by the Russian Empire from China in 1860. Suchan, with 48,000 people, was renamed Partizansk, while Tetyukhi became Dalnegorsk and the mining and shipping town of Teyukhe-Pristan became Rudnaya Pristan (Russian for "Ore Port").  Iman became Dalnerechensk ("Far river") and Manzovka was redubbed Sibirtsevo.

 * Died: Harry S. Truman, 88, the 33rd President of the United States from 1945 to 1953, died at 7:50 am in Kansas City.

December 27, 1972 (Wednesday)

 * New constitutions took effect, independently of each other, in both South Korea and North Korea.
 * The Environmental Protection Agency issued new regulations requiring unleaded gasoline to be available in all American stations no later than July 1, 1974, with a limit of 0.05 g of lead per gallon.
 * Nineteen people were killed near Fort Sumner, New Mexico, when a church bus was struck by a cattle truck. The bus was one of two belonging to the Woodlawn Baptist Church of Austin, Texas, and was carrying a youth group to a ski resort.
 * Born: Colin Charvis, Welsh rugby player; in Sutton Coldfield
 * Died: Lester B. Pearson, 75, 14th Prime Minister of Canada (1963–1968) and 1957 Nobel Peace Prize laureate

December 28, 1972 (Thursday)

 * At the age of 20, Prince Vajiralongkorn was designated as Crown Prince of Thailand by his father, King Bhumibol Adulyadej.
 * Kim Il Sung, who was already (since 1948) the Prime Minister of North Korea and General Secretary of its Workers' Party, became the nation's first President, when the office was created as part of a new Constitution.
 * Born:
 * Adam Vinatieri, American football placekicker and the NFL's all-time leading scorer, having made 2,673 points on field goals and extra point kicks for the New England Patriots and the Indianapolis Colts in 24 seasons; in Yankton, South Dakota
 * Patrick Rafter, Australian tennis player, ranked No. 1 in the world 1999; U.S. Open champion 1997 and 1998; in Pembroke, Bermuda

December 29, 1972 (Friday)

 * At 11:42 p.m., Eastern Air Lines Flight 401 crashed into the Everglades in Florida, killing 101 of 176 on board. The cockpit crew had been preoccupied with checking the L-1011's landing gear when a light on the instrument panel had failed to come on.  Distracted, nobody realized that the autopilot had become disengaged, and that they were slowly losing altitude.  The last recorded words were the co-pilot saying "We did something to the altitude.  We're still at 2000, right?" and the pilot responding, "Hey, what's happening here?"  Ghosts of the dead are said to have been seen by others, as described in John G. Fuller's bestseller Ghost of Flight 401.
 * Edward Lorenz proposed the now-famous butterfly effect in a paper delivered to the American Association for the Advancement of Science, entitled "Predictability: Does the Flap of a Butterfly's Wings in Brazil Set Off a Tornado in Texas?"
 * Life magazine's final weekly issue carried the December 29, 1972, date, though it was on newsstands the week before, the first issue having been on November 23, 1936.
 * The U.S. Army received its last draftees. After the close of the Vietnam War conscription of Americans into the service ceased, and all services were composed of volunteers.
 * The takeover of Israel's embassy in Thailand, by Palestinian terrorists, ended peacefully after intervention by Egypt's ambassador and Thai officials. The four Arab gunmen, granted safe passage to Cairo, released their Israeli hostages, including the ambassador.  Before everyone departed, the Egyptian and Israeli ambassadors, the four gunmen and five diplomats all ate dinner together inside the embassy.
 * Died: Joseph Cornell, 69, American sculptor and philosopher

December 30, 1972 (Saturday)

 * The "Christmas Bombing" of North Vietnam was halted by order of U.S. President Nixon, after the North Vietnamese agreed to resume negotiations with Henry Kissinger beginning on January 8. A total of 20,370 tons of bombs were dropped on North Vietnam over eleven days.  The North Vietnamese government reported later that 1,318 civilians had been killed in Hanoi during the air raids, including 28 at the Bach Mai Hospital.
 * Born: Kerry Collins, American NFL quarterback; in Lebanon, Pennsylvania

December 31, 1972 (Sunday)

 * In the Philippines, decree Number 86 of President Ferdinand Marcos created the barangay system.
 * In the tiny principality of Andorra, Julià Reig Ribó returned to office as the First Syndic, the chief executive officer as selected by the General Council for a term of three years. He succeeded Francesc Escude-Ferrero, who had replaced him at the end of 1966. Reig Ribó would serve until December 29, 1978; Estanislau Sangrá Font would succeed him. The nominal co-princes of Andorra at the time were Joan Martí i Alanis (Spain's Bishop of Urgel) and Georges Pompidou (President of France).
 * Another leap second (23:59:60) was added to the end of the year, making 1972 the only year to have two leap seconds, and thus the longest year in human history.
 * Born: Joey McIntyre, American actor and singer, in Needham, Massachusetts
 * Died: Roberto Clemente, 38, star of the Pittsburgh Pirates, was killed along with four other people while on an errand of mercy to earthquake victims in Managua. At 9:22 pm, his DC-7 crashed into the Atlantic shortly after takeoff from San Juan, Puerto Rico. Clemente's body was never found. Clemente was inducted into baseball's Hall of Fame in 1973.

title: December 1972