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Arbutus unedo

Arbutus unedo, commonly known as strawberry tree, or chorleywood in the United Kingdom, is an evergreen shrub or small tree in the family Ericaceae, native to the Mediterranean Basin and Western Europe. The tree is well known for its fruits, the arbutus berry, which bear some resemblance to the strawberry, hence the common name strawberry tree. However, it is not closely related to true strawberries of the genus Fragaria.

Its presence in Ireland also lends it the name "Irish strawberry tree", or cain, or cane apple (from the Irish name for the tree, caithne ), or sometimes "Killarney strawberry tree". The strawberry tree is the national tree of Italy because of its green leaves, its white flowers and its red berries, colors that recall the Italian flag.

Taxonomy
Arbutus unedo was one of the many species described by Carl Linnaeus in Volume One of his landmark 1753 work Species Plantarum, giving it the name it still bears today.

A study published in 2001 which analyzed ribosomal DNA from Arbutus and related genera found Arbutus to be paraphyletic, and A. unedo to be closely related to the other Mediterranean Basin species such as A. andrachne and A. canariensis and not to the western North American members of the genus.

Arbutus unedo and A. andrachne hybridise naturally where their ranges overlap; the hybrid has been named Arbutus × andrachnoides (syn. A. × hybrida, or A. andrachne × unedo), inheriting traits of both parent species, though fruits are not usually borne freely, and as a hybrid is unlikely to breed true from seed. It is sold in California as Arbutus x Marina named for a district in San Francisco where it was hybridized.

Description
Arbutus unedo grows to 4 - 7 m tall, rarely up to 15 m, with a trunk diameter of up to 80 cm. It grows in hardiness zones 7–10.

The leaves are green and glossy on the upper side, dull on the underside, 8 – long and 3 – broad, laurel-like and with a serrated or serrulated margin.

The hermaphrodite flowers are white (yellow when desiccated), bell-shaped, 7 - 8 mm in diameter, and flower from a reddish hanging panicle in autumn. They are pollinated by bees, and have a mild sweet scent.

Twigs are reddish-brown and abundantly foliose, and often have small hairs.

The fruit is a red berry, 7 - 20 mm diameter, spherical in shape with a rough surface. It matures in about 12 months, in autumn, at the same time as the next flowering. It is edible; the fruit is sweet when reddish. Seeds are small, brown and angular and are often dispersed by frugivorous birds.

The name unedo is attributed to Pliny the Elder, who allegedly claimed that "unum tantum edo", meaning "I eat only one". It is not known whether he meant that the fruit was so good he could eat only one, or whether he meant that the fruit was uninteresting so he ate only one.

Distribution
Arbutus unedo is widespread in the Mediterranean region: in Portugal, Spain and southeastern France; southward in Algeria, Morocco, Libya, and Tunisia, and eastward in Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Palestine, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria. It is also found in western France, Albania, Bulgaria and southwestern Ireland.

A. unedo has been noted for its disjunct distribution, with isolated relict populations in southern and western Ireland in addition to its Mediterranean range. It is commonly cited as an example of the Lusitanian flora, a small assemblage of plants native to Iberia and South-Western Ireland, but generally absent from Britain. Recent genetic studies have suggested that A. unedo may not be truly native in Ireland, but a Neolithic introduction.

The red-flowered variant, named A. unedo rubra by William Aiton in 1785, was discovered growing wild in Ireland in 1835.

Cultivation
Arbutus unedo is quite an easy plant to cultivate, and is adaptable to many climates. Once established it is fairly drought resistant, frost resistant, shade tolerant and salt tolerant.

Lower production of fruit mass has however been reported in case of summer droughts, and frosts in flowering time were seen to decrease the numbers of fruits.

Arbutus unedo is naturally adapted to dry summer climates, and has become a very popular ornamental plant in California and the rest of the west coast of North America. It can grow easily in USDA hardiness zone 7 or warmer.

It also grows well in the cool, wet summers of western Ireland and England, and temperate regions of Europe and Asia. Pests include scales and thrips, and diseases include anthracnose, Phytophthora, root rot, and rust.

Unlike most of the Ericaceae, A. unedo grows well in basic (limy) pH soils, even though it does better in more acidic soils.

The fruit production is not very high and is highly variable on the weather, and that may be part of the reason this plant is not frequently cultivated. The average yield in a two years study is around 46 kg per hectare, and 180 grams per cubic metre of crown. However, very little work has so far been done in terms of genotype selection.

Arbutus unedo has been seen to form a mycorrhizal relationship. Inoculation with Pisolithus tinctorius has shown to greatly improve the plant's root mass, size, tolerance to drought and nutritional status.

In cultivation in the UK, the form A. unedo f. rubra and the cultivar 'Atlantic' have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit

Propagation
Propagation can be done via seed, layering, or cutting.

The seed should undergo a one-month cold stratification period, then soaked for 5 to 6 days in warm water to improve germination success. Seedlings are prone to damp, and should be cared for in the first year.

Germination rate is low, rarely over 20%.

Layering can take up to two years, but has a good success rate, while cutting is done with a 15-20 cm long mature wood, preferably with a heel in November to December. The success rate however is not very high.

Culinary uses

Arbutus berries have a high content of sugars (40%), and antioxidant vitamins such as vitamin C, beta-carotene, niacin, tocopherols, and organic acids that are precursors to omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids (nearly 9%). They are edible fresh, but that is an uncommon consumption, especially because the mature fruit tends to bruise very easily, making transportation difficult.

They are used mostly for jam, marmalades, yogurt and alcoholic beverages, such as the Portuguese medronho, a type of strong brandy. Many regions of Albania prepare the traditional drink rakia from the fruits of the plant (mare or kocimare in Albanian), whence comes the name of the drink, which is raki kocimarje.

The flowers are pollinated by bees, and the resulting honey is bitter tasting but still considered a delicacy.

Herbal medicine
Arbutus unedo's leaves have been employed in traditional and folk medicine in the form of a decoction said to have the following properties: astringent, diuretic, urinary anti-septic, antiseptic, intoxicant, rheumatism, tonic, and more recently, in the therapy of hypertension and diabetes.

The leaves are reported to have a high concentration of flavonol antioxidants, especially quercetin, best extracted with a decoction, and together with the fruits are a source of antioxidants.

The nectar contains the isoprenoid unedone (2-(1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-4,4,8-trimethyl-1-oxaspiro[2.5]oct-7-en-6-one) which is biologically active against a common and debilitating parasite of bumble bees, Crithidia bombi, so could provide a naturally occurring way for bees to withstand the burden of disease which has been reported to be a contributing factor in pollinator declines. The compound is glycosylated to an inactive form unedone-8-O-glycoside once consumed by the bee (perhaps to reduce any toxic effects against the bee) then transformed back to the active aglycone by the bee's microbiome in the hindgut where the parasite is most prevalent and damaging - suggesting that the microbiome assists in the anti-parasitic process.

Ecological design
In landscape design, ecosystem restoration or permaculture based designs, A. unedo can have many purposes. While the ornamental one is the most common, this can be a valuable plant also for restoring degraded ecosystems and preventing desertification. Being a pioneer plant and growing well also in poor soils, it can be used in a wide array of situations.
 * The flowers are a significant source of nectar and pollen for bees, while the fruits are food for the birds.
 * Its salt tolerance, coupled with it being an evergreen, make it a good choice for wind barriers in lands close to the sea.
 * A. unedo is fire resistant (can regrow after a fire), and being a pioneer plant can contribute to the discontinuity of fire-prone pines and eucalyptus monocultures; for the same reasons it is a good candidate for reforestation in Mediterranean areas.
 * The dense foliage throughout the year can be a shelter for insects and small animals during the winter.
 * Its extensive root system can help in the soil stabilization process.

Other uses

 * The wood is quite hard and well suited for a various uses such as fire wood and to make pipes. Since it does not usually grow straight, it is not well suited for construction or similar uses.
 * The tree is also grown as an ornamental plant, because of its nice-looking and -smelling flowers and fruit and their interesting presence on the plant at the same time, and because it is an evergreen. It is used as a single or multi-trunked ornamental tree, and as a specimen or hedge shrub in gardens and public landscapes.

History

Its Mediterranean habitat, elegant details of leaf and habit and dramatic show of fruit with flowers made Arbutus unedo notable in Classical Antiquity, when it was called Andrachne, and for which Theophrastos (4th c. BCE) wrote about it, as well as the ancient army medical herbalist Pedanios Dioscorides [De Materia Medica, Book II-150]; in addition, Pliny thought it should not be planted where bees are kept, for the bitterness it imparts to honey.

The first evidence of its importation into northern European gardens was to 16th-century England from Ireland. In 1586 a correspondent in Ireland sent plants to the Elizabethan courtiers Lord Leicester and Sir Francis Walsingham. An earlier description by Rev. William Turner (The Names of Herbes, 1548) was probably based on hearsay. The Irish association of Arbutus in English gardens is reflected in the inventory taken in 1649 of Henrietta Maria's Wimbledon: "one very fayre tree, called the Irish arbutis standing in the midle parte of the sayd kitchin garden, very lovely to look upon" By the 18th century Arbutus unedo was well known enough in English gardens for Batty Langley to make the bold and impractical suggestion that it might be used for hedges, though it "will not admit of being clipped as other evergreens are".

In the United States, Thomas Jefferson lists the plant in his Monticello gardens in 1778.

The form A. unedo f. rubra and the hybrid A. × andrachnoides, have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

Ancient history
The tree is mentioned by Roman poet Ovid, in Book I: 89–112 "The Golden Age" of his Metamorphoses: "Contented with food that grew without cultivation, they collected mountain strawberries and the fruit of the strawberry tree, wild cherries, blackberries clinging to the tough brambles, and acorns fallen from Jupiter's spreading oak-tree."

The name of the Italian promontory Mount Conero, situated directly south of the port of Ancona on the Adriatic Sea, derives from the Greek name κόμαρος (komaròs) indicating the strawberry tree which is common on the slopes of the mountain. Mount Conero, the only coastal high point on the Adriatic sea between Trieste and the Gargano massif in the region of Apulia, has assisted navigators in sailing across the Adriatic sea since ancient times.

Italy
The strawberry tree (corbezzolo) began to be considered one of the national symbols of Italy in the 19th century, during the Italian unification, because with its autumn colors is reminiscent of the flag of Italy (green for its leaves, white for its flowers and red for its berries).

For this reason the poet Giovanni Pascoli dedicated a poem to the strawberry tree. He refers to the Aeneid passage in which Pallas, killed by Turnus, was posed on branches of a strawberry tree. He saw in the colours of that plant a prefiguration of the flag of Italy and considered Pallas the first national cause martyr. Pascoli's ode says:

"O verde albero italico, il tuo maggio è nella bruma: s'anche tutto muora, tu il giovanile gonfalon selvaggio spieghi alla bora" "Oh green Italian tree, your May month is in the mist: if everything die, you, the youthful wild banner unfold to the northern wind"

Spain
The Garden of Earthly Delights, a painting by Hieronymus Bosch, was originally listed by José de Sigüenza, in the inventory of the Spanish Crown as La Pintura del Madroño – "The Painting of the Strawberry Tree".

The tree makes up part of the Coat of arms of Madrid (El oso y el madroño, The Bear and the Strawberry Tree) of the city of Madrid, Spain. In the center of the city (Puerta del Sol) there is a statue of a bear eating the fruit of the Madroño tree. The image appears on city crests, taxi cabs, man-hole covers, and other city infrastructure. The fruit of the Madroño tree ferments on the tree if left to ripen, so some of the bears become drunk from eating the fruits.

title: Arbutus unedo


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CHEM-DT

CHEM-DT is the TVA owned-and-operated television station in Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada. It broadcasts a high-definition digital signal on VHF channel 8 from a transmitter on Rue Principale in Notre-Dame-du-Mont-Carmel.

Owned by the Groupe TVA subsidiary of Quebecor Media, its studios are located on Boulevard de Chanoine-Moreau and Rue Jacques de Labadie in Trois-Rivières. This station can also be seen on Cogeco Cable channel 7 and in high definition on digital channel 503.

History
The station was founded on August 29, 1976 and was owned by Telemedia. It was originally a semi-satellite of CHLT-TV in Sherbrooke, and has been a TVA station for its entire existence. Pathonic Communications bought CHEM and four other stations in 1979. Sometime in the 1980s, CHEM severed the electronic umbilical cord with CHLT and became a full-fledged station. Télé-Metropole, owner of TVA flagship station CFTM-TV in Montreal, bought Pathonic in 1989, and since then CHEM has essentially been a semi-satellite of CFTM.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: CHEM-DT


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2003 US Open (tennis)

The 2003 US Open was held between August 25 – September 7, 2003.

Both Pete Sampras and Serena Williams did not defend their titles from 2002; Sampras unofficially retired after winning his final Grand Slam title the previous year, and Serena Williams was forced to miss the tournament after withdrawing through injury. This was the first time since 1971 in which neither champion was able to defend their title.

Andy Roddick, who previously won the 2000 US Open as a junior, won his only Grand Slam title, defeating Juan Carlos Ferrero (who inherited the World No.1 ranking after the tournament) in the final. Justine Henin-Hardenne won her first US Open title and second Grand Slam title, defeating her compatriot, rival and future three-times US Open champion Kim Clijsters in the final, dropping only one set through her run.

Men's singles
🇺🇸 Andy Roddick defeated 🇪🇸 Juan Carlos Ferrero, 6–3, 7–6(7–2), 6–3
 * • It was Roddick's 1st and only career Grand Slam singles title. It was Roddick's 6th title of the year, and his 11th overall.

Women's singles
🇧🇪 Justine Henin-Hardenne defeated 🇧🇪 Kim Clijsters, 7–5, 6–1
 * • It was Henin-Hardenne's 2nd career Grand Slam singles title and her 1st title at the US Open. It was Henin-Hardenne's 7th title of the year, and her 13th overall. She became the first Belgian tennis player to win the US Open singles crown.

Men's doubles
🇸🇪 Jonas Björkman / 🇦🇺 Todd Woodbridge defeated 🇺🇸 Mike Bryan / 🇺🇸 Bob Bryan, 5–7, 6–0, 7–5
 * • It was Björkman's 6th career Grand Slam doubles title and his 1st and only title at the US Open.
 * • It was Woodbridge's 15th career Grand Slam doubles title and his 3rd and last title at the US Open.

Women's doubles
🇪🇸 Virginia Ruano Pascual / 🇦🇷 Paola Suárez defeated 🇷🇺 Svetlana Kuznetsova / 🇺🇸 Martina Navratilova, 6–2, 6–3
 * • It was Ruano Pascual's 4th career Grand Slam doubles title and her 2nd title at the US Open.
 * • It was Suárez' 4th career Grand Slam doubles title and her 2nd title at the US Open.

Mixed doubles
Katarina Srebotnik / 🇺🇸 Bob Bryan defeated 🇷🇺 Lina Krasnoroutskaya / 🇨🇦 Daniel Nestor, 5–7, 7–5, 7–6(7–5)
 * • It was Srebotnik's 2nd career Grand Slam mixed doubles title and her 1st and only title at the US Open.
 * • It was Bryan's 1st career Grand Slam mixed doubles title.

Boys' singles
🇫🇷 Jo-Wilfried Tsonga defeated 🇨🇾 Marcos Baghdatis, 7–6, 6–3

Girls' singles
🇧🇪 Kirsten Flipkens defeated Michaëlla Krajicek, 6–3, 7–5

Boys' doubles

 * Not played due to inclement weather.

Girls' doubles

 * Not played due to inclement weather.

title: 2003 US Open (tennis)


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Talk:After the Thin Man

The baby being "Another Thin Man"
Not quite. The title of the next movie actually means "Another Thin Man Case," much like the title to this movie means "After the Thin Man Case." The titles themselves don't refer to Nick Charles explicitly being the Thin Man until "The Thin Man Goes Home." DonQuixote 18:23, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

Dancer
The character's name is Dancer. He isn't "a dancer". Crana 12:43, 27 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Also, his name isn't "Phil Dancer"...you'll get him mixed up with Phil Byrnes saying that Purplebackpack89 (talk) 04:00, 26 June 2009 (UTC)

Plot summary
The Plot description borrowed heavily from the All Movie Guide synopsis, including a major error. Just because we reference it (properly or not), direct plagiarizing from other sources is discouraged. I'm removing the copyvio, and elaborating, as well as removing the twist ending disclosure (no spoiler tag needed for a murder mystery). I have the film (VHS & dvd), and have seen it many times since 1979, so any contention can be discussed here. David Spalding ( ☎   ✉   ✍  ) 18:31, 4 July 2007 (UTC)

 * 'You #1 detective.' 76.218.248.127 (talk) 01:45, 17 March 2014 (UTC)

Missing from article:

 * Actual production details
 * Critical response at time of the film’s release
 * Details in Hammett’s involvement Morganfitzp (talk) 02:35, 10 September 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:After the Thin Man


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Paradise River Hydroelectric Generating Station

The Paradise River Hydroelectric Generating Station is a hydroelectric generating plant located near the mouth of the Paradise River in Newfoundland and Labrador. The plant is owned by Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro, and was first synchronized in 1989. It operates with an average rated flow of 25 m3/s to generate 8 MW of electrical power, with an average annual production of 37 GWh. The unit is equipped with a Francis runner. The project, which operates under a run-of-river philosophy, has a 43m high concrete arch dam with an overflow spillway, the largest structure of this design in Eastern North America.


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Al Jefferson

Al Ricardo Jefferson (born January 4, 1985) is an American former professional basketball player. He was a high school All-American for Prentiss High School in Mississippi before skipping college to enter the 2004 NBA draft, where he was drafted 15th overall by the Boston Celtics. He played 14 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA) for the Celtics, Minnesota Timberwolves, Utah Jazz, Charlotte Hornets and Indiana Pacers, earning third-team All-NBA honors in 2014 with the Hornets.

High school career
Born in Monticello, Mississippi, Jefferson attended Prentiss High School in the small nearby town of Prentiss from 2000 to 2004. After starting for his varsity team as a freshman at Prentiss, he became one of the elite players in the country as a junior, drawing the attention of both college coaches around the country, and the scouts of the NBA. In his senior year for the Bulldogs, he averaged an astounding 42.6 points, 18 rebounds and seven blocks per game as his Bulldogs team went on to lose in the Mississippi state class 3A semi-finals to Byhalia High School 88–73, in which Jefferson finished with 56 points.

Considered a five-star recruit by Rivals.com, Jefferson was listed as the No. 1 center and the No. 4 player in the nation in 2004. He had originally committed to Arkansas, but opted instead to make the jump to the NBA straight out of high school.

Boston Celtics (2004–2007)
Jefferson was drafted with the 15th overall pick by the Boston Celtics in the 2004 NBA draft, becoming the first high school player to be drafted by the Celtics (Kendrick Perkins was drafted by the Grizzlies, then traded to Boston on draft day in the 2003 NBA draft). He played primarily as a power forward and averaged 6.7 points and 4.4 rebounds in 14.8 minutes per game during his rookie season.

Jefferson's 2005–06 season was widely considered a disappointment, mostly due to a series of ankle injuries and a torn meniscus in his right knee which limited him to playing in 59 games. He averaged 7.9 points and 5.1 rebounds in 18.0 minutes per game during his sophomore season.

In the off-season prior to the 2006–07 season, Jefferson hired a personal chef and lost about 30 pounds. After experiencing lingering pain after participating in the Las Vegas Summer League, a CAT scan revealed bone spurs. On August 2, 2006, he underwent ankle surgery to remove the bone spurs. On November 8, 2006, prior to the fourth game of the season, Jefferson had appendectomy surgery at New England Baptist Hospital and subsequently missed seven games as he returned to the lineup on November 22, 2006.

While already playing increased minutes (9.3 points and 7.0 rebounds in 22.0 minutes per game over nine games as a reserve), Jefferson's role expanded due to an injury to starting center Kendrick Perkins. With backup centers Michael Olowokandi and Theo Ratliff already on the injured list, Celtics' coach Doc Rivers started Jefferson at center on December 6, 2006, against the Memphis Grizzlies. Over the next seven games, Jefferson averaged 16.3 points and 11.1 rebounds in 33.7 minutes per game. In what some considered a breakout performance against the New Jersey Nets on December 9, 2006, he scored a career-high 29 points and grabbed 14 rebounds, which tied a career high (set on May 5, 2005, in a playoff game against the Indiana Pacers). It was the second time he had scored more than 20 points in a game. The previous occasion was on December 10, 2005, against the Dallas Mavericks where he scored 21 points. His third and fourth 20-point game came six and seven days after the second, on December 15 and December 16, when he scored 28 against the Denver Nuggets and 22 against the Charlotte Bobcats. These efforts punctuated a five-game win streak by the Boston Celtics.

On March 3, 2007, Jefferson scored a career-high 32 points to go along with 18 rebounds against the New Jersey Nets, against whom he had previously set his career high in points against earlier in the season. On March 5, Jefferson was named the NBA's Eastern Conference Player of the Week for the week starting February 26 through March 4.

Minnesota Timberwolves (2007–2010)
On July 31, 2007, Jefferson was traded, along with Gerald Green, Ryan Gomes, Theo Ratliff, Sebastian Telfair and draft picks, to the Minnesota Timberwolves in exchange for Kevin Garnett. After landing in Minnesota, Jefferson quickly signed a large contract extension before the season. At $65 million over five years, Jefferson considered it satisfactory in spite of having fallen short of a max deal. He chose not to pursue one, due to "having not really proved" himself.

In his first season with the Timberwolves, Jefferson was the team's scoring leader. Playing in all 82 games, he ranked 20th in the NBA in points per game (11th in total points), averaging 21.0 points per game while shooting .500 from the field. Jefferson also defined himself as one of the premier big men in the NBA by being only one of four players to average 20 points and 10 rebounds (the others being Dwight Howard, Carlos Boozer and Antawn Jamison). Jefferson ranked 5th in the NBA in rebounding, averaging 11.1 (4th in total rebounds) and 2nd in offensive rebounds per game (3.8), only behind Tyson Chandler (4.1). Jefferson is ranked 12th in the NBA efficiency and is 3rd in the NBA in double-doubles.

In January 2008, Jefferson won Western Conference Player of the Week honors after averaging 33.3 points and 15.3 rebounds and leading the Timberwolves to a 3–1 record from January 21 to 27. on November 10th, 2008 al jefferson first son Tyeric ricardo Randolph was born in jackson,Mississippi Jefferson scored a career-high 40 points against the New Jersey Nets on January 27, 2008 and repeated such a performance against the Charlotte Bobcats on April 8, 2008. Jefferson was having a career best year, averaging 23.1 points, 11.0 rebounds and 1.7 blocks per game in the first 50 games of the season, until suffering a serious right knee injury after landing awkwardly on one leg in a game at New Orleans. Jefferson claimed that he felt a pop in his knee and the injury resulted in a complete tear to the ACL which required reconstructive surgery that ended his season. At the time the Wolves were 17–33 and showing signs of improvement, but with Jefferson out, they went 7–25 over their remaining games, and were a lottery team once again.

On January 13, 2010, Jefferson set a single-game franchise record with 26 rebounds in a triple overtime loss to the Houston Rockets. The record was later surpassed by Kevin Love in November 2010.

Coming off knee surgery, Jefferson had a solid season in 2009–10 as he played 76 games while averaging 17.1 points, 9.3 rebounds and a career-high 1.8 assists in 32.4 minutes per game.

Utah Jazz (2010–2013)
On July 13, 2010, Jefferson was traded to the Utah Jazz for two future first-round picks and center Kosta Koufos. It gave him the chance to play alongside All-Star point guard Deron Williams. His first season in Utah brought numerous ups and downs, including the in-season departures of Williams and coach Jerry Sloan. Jefferson saw the need for a new leader and stepped up to become part of the foundation for a young team to build on.

In what was an injury-riddled season for the Jazz, Jefferson started in all 82 games during the regular season and regained some of his explosiveness in 2011, showing he was fully recovered from the devastating knee injury he suffered in 2009. His return to form contributed 37 double-doubles during the season and 794 total rebounds – the second highest total of his career. He finished the 2010–11 season with averages of 18.6 points and 9.7 rebounds per game.

In the lockout shortened 2011–12 season, Jefferson furthered his improvement, transitioning into his role as team leader while continuing to put up impressive numbers. He showed energy and tenacity as well as an improved defensive game, and heading into the All-Star break, many were calling for him to be selected to his first All-Star team, including Brian T. Smith of The Salt Lake Tribune who noted, "If the Jazz keep winning during January and Jefferson keeps producing, the eight-year veteran could finally be in the running for an All-Star spot."

Despite not receiving an All-Star selection, Jefferson ended the season tied for seventh in the league with 31 double doubles and led his team back to the playoffs. Behind Jefferson's strong season, the young Jazz finished 36–30 and secured the eighth seed in the West where they faced the San Antonio Spurs in the first round. While Jefferson did his best to contain Spurs' superstar Tim Duncan, Utah simply couldn't measure up against San Antonio. The Spurs swept the Jazz in four games and would eventually go on to reach the conference finals.

Throughout the 2012–13 season, Jefferson was the driving force for the Jazz, leading the team again in scoring and rebounding and finishing in the top ten in the league in double doubles yet again with 37 compiled throughout the course of the season. He posted a career-high 40 points late in the season against the Minnesota Timberwolves and was poised to be the catalyst for the Jazz to make a return trip to the playoffs. Unfortunately, the Jazz narrowly missed out on returning to the playoffs, falling just two games shy of the No. 8 seed with a 43–39 record. Despite the season ending early, Jefferson again established himself as a force down low and figured to be one of the most valued free agents heading into the offseason.

2013–14 season
On July 10, 2013, Jefferson signed a three-year, $40.5 million contract with the Charlotte Bobcats. However, despite the big contract with a new team, Jefferson's arrival was delayed by a right ankle sprain that caused him to miss the entire preseason and nine of the team's first 12 games. Though he was slowed by the ankle injury, upon his return, Jefferson showed glimpses of promise while working himself back into rhythm as by the time January rolled around, he was finally healthy and ready to dominate. On January 31, 2014, Jefferson tied a career high with 40 points in a win against the Los Angeles Lakers. He continued his high level of play en route to winning the Eastern Conference Player of the Month for his performance in March 2014. He averaged 24.7 points and 10.6 rebounds while shooting 55% from the floor during the month of March, and went on to win the Eastern Conference Player of the Month for April 2014 as well.

On April 20, 2014, Jefferson suffered a plantar fasciitis injury during Game 1 of the Bobcats' first round playoff series against the Miami Heat and later missed Game 4 because of the injury. On June 4, 2014, Jefferson was named to the 2014 All-NBA third team.

2014–15 season
After kicking back into form in 2013–14 with his best averages since 2008–09, Jefferson continued to thrive with the young, newly named Charlotte Hornets in 2014–15. On November 7, 2014, Jefferson scored a season-high 34 points in the Hornets' 122–119 double overtime win over the Atlanta Hawks to move to a record of 3–3. Despite the great win and a promising start to the season, the Hornets went on to lose the next 12 out of 13 games, with a 10-game losing streak expanding from November 15 to December 3. The team finally broke the streak on December 5 against the New York Knicks, as Jefferson recorded 16 points and 13 rebounds in the 103–102 win.

During the fourth quarter of the Hornets' 104–86 win over the Utah Jazz on December 20, Jefferson had nearly registered his third straight game with at least 20 points and 10 rebounds but left the game with six minutes remaining with a mild groin strain and did not return. In 27 minutes of action, he recorded 19 points and 10 rebounds. Despite the injury scare, Jefferson played the following game against the Denver Nuggets on December 22, recording 22 points and 7 rebounds to help the Hornets win their third straight game. His recurring groin injury flared up again on December 29 against the Milwaukee Bucks as he left the game during the fourth quarter and did not return after managing just 6 points and 8 rebounds. The Hornets went on to lose the game in overtime. He was subsequently ruled out for four weeks the following day after he was diagnosed with a strained adductor muscle in his left groin. After missing nine games with the injury, Jefferson returned on January 19, recording 8 points and 5 rebounds in a Hornets win over the Minnesota Timberwolves. Coming off the bench, it marked the first time since December 4, 2006 – a span of 544 games – that Jefferson didn't start in a game in which he played. He came off the bench for a further three games before reclaiming his starting spot on January 28 against San Antonio and subsequently recorded 17 points and 16 rebounds in a loss to the Spurs.

On March 11, in a loss to the Sacramento Kings, Jefferson left the game late in the third quarter due to a strained right calf after managing 9 points and 6 rebounds in 24 minutes of action. He returned after sitting out one game to score 10 points in a blowout loss to the Utah Jazz. On March 22, he recorded his 20th double-double of the season with 18 points and a team-high 11 rebounds in a 109–98 win over the Minnesota Timberwolves.

On June 15, 2015, Jefferson exercised his player option with the Hornets for the 2015–16 season.

2015–16 season
Jefferson averaged just 12.8 points and 7.3 rebounds over the Hornets' first four games of the 2015–16 season, with the team winning just one of those four games. He found his rhythm on November 5 against the Dallas Mavericks, recording 31 points and 9 rebounds to help lead the Hornets to a 108–94 win. On November 20, he recorded his third double-double of the season with 26 points, 10 rebounds and a season-high 5 blocks in a 113–88 win over the Philadelphia 76ers. On November 29, he exited the Hornets' game against the Milwaukee Bucks with a left calf strain with 5:09 remaining in the first quarter, and did not return.

On December 9, 2015, Jefferson was suspended without pay for five games for violating the terms of the NBA/NBPA Anti-Drug Program. He missed 11 games between December 2 and December 23 due to injury and suspension, returning to action on December 26 against the Memphis Grizzlies, coming off the bench for the first time since January 24, 2015. He finished with two points on 1-of-8 shooting and four rebounds in 17 minutes, and fouled out with 8:10 remaining in the fourth quarter. He managed just two games following his suspension before a tear in the lateral meniscus of his right knee was discovered on December 30. The injury subsequently ruled him out for six weeks. Jefferson returned to action on February 19 after missing 22 games. He scored six points and grabbed five rebounds in 23 minutes off the bench in a 98–95 win over the Milwaukee Bucks. In the team's regular season finale on April 13, Jefferson scored 26 points off the bench in a 117–103 win over the Orlando Magic, helping the Hornets finish as the sixth seed in the Eastern Conference with a 48–34 record.

In Game 2 of the Hornets' first round playoff series match-up with the Miami Heat, Jefferson scored 16 second-quarter points to finish with 25 on 12-of-17 shooting off the bench in a 115–103 loss. The Hornets went on to lose the series in seven games.

Indiana Pacers (2016–2018)
On July 9, 2016, Jefferson signed a three-year, $30 million contract with the Indiana Pacers. He made his debut for the Pacers in their season opener on October 26, 2016, recording seven points and six rebounds off the bench in a 130–121 overtime win over the Dallas Mavericks. After averaging just 5.7 points per game over the first seven games of the 2016–17 season, Jefferson scored a season-high 18 points on November 9 against the Philadelphia 76ers. On January 18, 2017, he set a new season high with 20 points against the Sacramento Kings. Two days later against the Los Angeles Lakers, Jefferson had his second straight 20-point game. Jefferson missed the final eight games of the regular season with a sprained left ankle.

On November 8, 2017, Jefferson had a 19-point effort against the Detroit Pistons. On March 15, 2018, he scored a season-high 20 points to go with a season-high 12 rebounds in a 106–99 loss to the Toronto Raptors. On April 10, in what was his final NBA game, Jefferson recorded 12 points and five rebounds against the Charlotte Hornets.

On July 2, 2018, Jefferson was waived by the Pacers.

Xinjiang Flying Tigers (2018)
In July 2018, Jefferson signed with the Xinjiang Flying Tigers of the Chinese Basketball Association. He left the team in November 2018. In 10 games, he averaged 15.1 points, 7.5 rebounds and 1.1 assists per game.

Retirement and Big3
On March 23, 2019, Jefferson announced his retirement from the NBA. Earlier that month, he signed to play in the BIG3.

title: Al Jefferson


text:
1916–17 in Swedish football

The 1916-17 season in Swedish football, starting August 1916 and ending December 1917:

Uppsvenska Serien 1916–17

Uppsvenska

Mellansvenska

Östsvenska

Västsvenska

Svenska Mästerskapet 1916

 * Final

Svenska Mästerskapet 1917

 * Final

Kamratmästerskapen 1916

 * Final

Kamratmästerskapen 1917

 * Final

Wicanderska Välgörenhetsskölden 1916

 * Final

National team results
🇸🇪 Sweden: Frithiof Rudén - Valdus Lund, Henning Svensson - Ragnar Wicksell, Konrad Törnqvist, Louis Groth - Harry Magnusson, Caleb Schylander, Karl Gustafsson, Erik Hjelm, Josef Appelgren.

🇸🇪 Sweden: Herbert Almqvist - Torsten Husén, Johannes Hellgren - Helmer Lundberg, Nils Wiklund, Verner Carlsson - Albin Sellin, Tor Levin, Ragnar Gunnarsson, Oskar Dahlström, Birger Carlsson.

🇸🇪 Sweden: Herbert Almqvist - Theodor Malm, Ragnar Wicksell - Bruno Lindström, Götrik Frykman, Louis Groth - Rune Bergström, Karl Gustafsson, Iwar Swensson, Sten Söderberg, Carl Karlstrand.

🇸🇪 Sweden: John Karlsson-Nottorp - Valdus Lund, Fritjof Hillén - Sven Friberg, Konrad Törnqvist, Henry Almén - Harry Magnusson, Caleb Schylander, Erik Börjesson, Erik Hjelm, Josef Appelgren.

🇸🇪 Sweden: Erik Sjöstrand - Henry Svensson, Carl Carlsson - Thure Carlsson, Erik Sandberg, Thure Pettersson - Georg Bengtsson, Carl Ström, Otto Malm, Eric Bengtsson, Gustav Lundström.

🇸🇪 Sweden: Herbert Almqvist - Theodor Malm, Vidar Stenborg - Gustaf Carlson, Ragnar Wicksell, Einar Halling-Johansson - Rune Bergström, Walfrid Gunnarsson, Karl Gustafsson, Helge Ekroth, Gunnar Linder.

🇸🇪 Sweden: Herbert Almqvist - Theodor Malm, Valdus Lund - Gustaf Carlson, Ragnar Wicksell, Einar Halling-Johansson - Rune Bergström, Caleb Schylander, Karl Gustafsson, Helge Ekroth, Gunnar Linder.

title: 1916–17 in Swedish football


text:
Talk:Star Wars Jedi Knight: Jedi Academy

Amusing
It's funny to see familiar names mentioned in the recent addition by Siegemaster, but I agree with it's removal. Quietmartialartist (talk) 18:19, 6 January 2008 (UTC)

Combining two pictures
I was looking up Vienna when I came across some useful information on combining pictures into the same "box."

I'm not happy with the way it would look though, compared to the current layout. Does anyone know how to combine the two pictures and keep it on the right as it is currently? Quietmartialartist (talk) 03:33, 9 March 2008 (UTC)

I'm sorry.
It would seem I've included the current community that still plays JKA, all die-hards, and the more immature people seem to have taken to vandalizing the page. Is there anyway we can get this locked so that unregistered users cannot make edits?

As for the multi-player screenshot, sorry Diamondback, but the previous image displayed more game play elements and did not included modifications to the original game; i.e. Ninja model or whatever that is you're using. Quietmartialartist (talk) 14:39, 25 April 2008 (UTC)

What happened?? When I added the multi-player screenshot back in November, the page was looking great. Now it would seem it's been vandalized so many times that all quality has diminished. When I search back through page history it's like I can't find how it once was. Someone must have edited a page in the page's history. Where have you been, Una Laguna? Quietmartialartist (talk) 14:55, 25 April 2008 (UTC)

 * To be fair this page hasn't ever been particularly good... and I haven't been editing Wikipedia much for the past few months, either. I think I reverted one or two blatantly inappropriate edits when I've seen them, but I've been all-round quite slow with Wikipedia for the past few months, I'm afraid. Una LagunaTalk 15:27, 25 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Great, good, terrible, without a reference you can't compare. You can easily say, good as opposed to what? Would you agree that the quality has substantially diminished since, say, December?

 * References are gone a lot of text has been removed and the page's code has been altered so now it is somewhat glitched. For example: When I try to put the multi-player screenshot next to the multi-player text the picture over laps text. Quietmartialartist (talk) 16:36, 25 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Overall the article appears to be slightly worse than before, yes. The issue with the image you've described would be solved if the article was longer. I'm currently tied up with loads of schoolwork and don't anticipate the load to get much lighter for the next couple of weeks. I'll try to help improve the article when I can, though; the main things which need doing are in the todo list at the top of the talk page. Una LagunaTalk 18:10, 25 April 2008 (UTC)

Diamondback, please refrain from reverting the current multi-player picture. As I have already mentioned, the current image displays more game play elements and does not included modifications to the original game; i.e. the skin you're using. Furthermore, the current image has English text. If you would like to post a JKA multi-player screenshot with Polish, please do so on the Polish JKA page. Quietmartialartist (talk) 14:17, 26 April 2008 (UTC)

"Changes from Jedi Outcast to Jedi Academy"
This material is unsubstantiated gameguide trivia. I am deleting it, but it's in the history if anyone can find third-party sources to substantiate the claims. --EEMIV (talk) 00:36, 26 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Seconded - not only was it trivia, but it was also unsourced original research which had little relevance to the article. Una LagunaTalk 06:18, 26 April 2008 (UTC)

 * May I ask what you mean by "unsubstantiated game guide trivia"?

 * Would this count as a third-party source? They are an official distributor of the game. As I recall, most of the information in "Changes from Jedi Outcast to Jedi Academy" was on the main LucasArts webpage when I first saw it back in '03. But since LucasArts discontinued that page it can't be brought up and used as a reference. Quietmartialartist (talk) 14:55, 26 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Ideally, instead of a list of features that are different from JK2, the article would have a development section with background behind the features and information on why/how they were developed. IGN looks like a good place to start to get information from as it has a few previews of the game. Bill (talk 15:02, 26 April 2008 (UTC)

 * "Unsubstantiated" refers to the lack of citations for the section; "game guide" refers to the fact that it's less suited to a encyclopedia and more to a video game guide - see WP:NOT and WP:NOT; "trivia" refers to the unencyclopedic nature of the facts. I don't see any reason why we should re-insert the information in a section by itself. As Bill has said, if the differences were high-profile during development or a source of praise/criticism in reviews, then they should be mentioned in the relevant sections (indeed, I'm writing the Reception section myself here, and one of the things which keeps coming up in reviews is how the start of JA is much better than the start of JO).

 * Regarding using that Amazon page as a source - if there was any useful information in the Product Description it could be used; however, the user reviews are not a reliable source as anybody can submit a review which may have numerous incorrect facts in it. That makes the Product Description a fairly reliable source, but the user reviews are unreliable sources. I usually first conduct research at gaming sites such as IGN and GameSpot to get information and use more obscure sites if the information I want isn't easy to find. I have a list of potential sources for use on this page here, if you're interested. Una LagunaTalk 15:38, 26 April 2008 (UTC)

 * I just noticed this message so I'll stop adding to the existing reception section while you're writing the new version. Bill (talk 16:25, 26 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Thanks :) If you like we can split the work such that I write the Critical reception section (currently around 2/3 complete) and you write the Development section. I also have one or two paper-based sources which can be used to write a short "legacy" section describing the mod scene, thejediacademy.net and maybe one or two other things. The articles (in PC Gamer UK) are big enough to warrant inclusion of their subject matter in the article. Una LagunaTalk 20:23, 26 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Sounds like a good plan to me. Bill (talk 01:06, 27 April 2008 (UTC)

Revised Single Player section
I just thought I'd preview this before making the edit to get some feedback. I think a lot of the features included in "Changes from Jedi Outcast to Jedi Academy" are, at least, potentially encyclopedic bits of information that should be included. Maybe not in the previous format, but the two new weapons (DL-44 Blaster Pistol and Stouker Concussion Rifle) should be mentioned, perhaps along with all of the other available weapons. The species you can choose from should be included and not worded in such a way that it sounds as if you can actually choose your species and gender, because, quite frankly, I was crushed when I found out I couldn't have a male Zabrak as my character. A description of force powers and a list of saber colors would be a nice addition as well.

How would I go about using the "sandbox" like you're doing, Una?

Single player The player initially chooses the character's species, which can be any of the following: Human (male or female), Kel Dor (male), Rodian (male), Twi'lek (female), or Zabrak (female). Numerous lightsaber hilts with five different colors are available to choose from: Blue, Green, Purple, Orange, Yellow and later on one of the three available fighting styles (fast, or strong with medium being your default style from the beginning). New Force powers in single player include Force Absorb (protects you from the force or otherwise weakens harmful effects), Force Protect (weakens the harmful effects of gunfire and explosions), Force Sense (allows the player to see enemies through walls), Force Drain (transfers health from an enemy to the player), and Force Rage (makes the player faster and temporarily invulnerable at the expense of force power and drainage of health points). The game also introduces player-controllable vehicles and vehicle-based levels. As players progress, they will be allowed the option of continuing to use a single saber with all three styles or opting for duel sabers, one in each hand, or a "staff" styled saber with a blade on each end of the hilt, identical to Darth Maul's.

Instead of moving linearly from one level to the next, the player chooses from a selection of different missions. Not all missions need to be completed to finish the game. Quietmartialartist (talk) 03:08, 27 April 2008 (UTC)

 * To create your own sandbox, create User:Quietmartialartist/Sandbox and start using it for drafts and stuff. Simple as that. I used to just operate with one Sandbox page, but in order to keep my drafts of the two different articles I'm working on separate I split my Sandbox into User:UnaLaguna/Sandbox, User:UnaLaguna/Sandbox/Sandbox01 and User:UnaLaguna/Sandbox/Sandbox02. However, if you're only working on one article then there's little need for more than one Sandbox page.

 * Regarding the single player content, I think it's great start: it's good English, and definitely source-able. I would, however, say that there is little need to list each saber colour, Force power (I think the only stuff notable enough to mention is that there are some new ones in addition to the JO ones, and that players can choose them and upgrade them as they progress through the game) and race/gender (to get around your problem of not playing a male Zabrak, say that not all combinations of gender and race are possible). Likewise, it's a good idea to mention there are a couple of new weapons in addition to the original ones from JO, but to give all the details makes it quite difficult to read through for the non-player. In short, avoid inserting small details where possible.

 * On a side note, some people like to add citations in as they're going along, some when they've finished writing the main body of text. Whichever you do is completely up to you, but I'd suggest adding the citations before inserting it into the article. Regardless, keep up the good work! Una LagunaTalk 10:27, 27 April 2008 (UTC)

 * As for sabers, I think it's worth mention because in JO you can only change your saber color with codes and many of these colors were not seen in the original movies. As for force powers, many of them were in JO, but just in multi-player. Without a description why list powers at all? How's a non-player supposed to know the difference between force absorb and force protect? I agree that your ability to upgrade them as you progress should be mentioned.

 * And when you say that not all combinations of gender and race are possible, for me, the first question that comes to mind is: Well then what options are alloted to you? I concede to your point that specifically stating two new weapons shouldn't be important overall and I agree that insignificant details should be avoided. Quietmartialartist (talk) 18:46, 1 May 2008 (UTC)

 * We don't need to list Force powers, we don't need to list saber colours, we don't need to tell them which exact combinations of gender and player are available for the same reason we don't need to list the new guns available. These are relatively minor details in comparison to, say, how the levels of the game are structured. Say there's a choice of saber colours, say there's a load of Force powers which can be selected and upgraded throughout the game. Say those things here, but not what they specifically are (e.g. say "The player chooses their saber color" instead of "The player chooses a saber color from blue, green, yellow, orange or red"), and we've done our job writing an encyclopedia article. If the reader then decides he wants to know more about a certain subject (such as the different possible combinations of gender and race), then they can find out those extra details easily enough by Googling or looking on a game guide wiki. Una LagunaTalk 21:34, 1 May 2008 (UTC)

Or we could simply make it easy for the reader and include the information here... And before you start quoting Wiki-policies (not-game guide, etc), let's take a look at a random popular game I thought to look up: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_Effect

Examine the depth of detail it goes into. Substitute Force Powers for "Tech Abilities", and then compare those, weapons and character classes with what we've got on this article. A lot more detail and information than the six, give or take, available options I'm suggesting including. That article, may I point out, is rated B class. A notch above this one, so let's go by example, shall we? Quietmartialartist (talk) 13:36, 2 May 2008 (UTC)

 * You shouldn't look for precedents in anything except Good or Featured articles, even Good articles can have flaws. As the Mass Effect article is only rated B it means it could use some cleaning up. There's a guideline that specifically states it's not important to list every aspect of a game. If you'd like an example, take a look at BioShock, which I chose as an example because it is a Featured Article and also the game has a diverse quantity of weapons that can be customised. The article does not go into fine detail about every type of weapon and their customisation. Bill (talk 15:44, 2 May 2008 (UTC)

It's better to have too much information than too little, yes? That way it can be slimmed down. As it is, I'm just trying to think of important info to add to the article. Quietmartialartist (talk) 01:24, 5 May 2008 (UTC)

Development and Critical Reception
Great works on these sections, guys. The article is looking much better. Quietmartialartist (talk) 17:14, 7 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Thanks :) I think the Gameplay and Story sections need a bit of work, but this article is pretty close to getting upgraded to B-class. Una LagunaTalk 20:28, 7 May 2008 (UTC)

Multi-Player Section
Should another slot be added so that the very eager Diamondback may have have a screenshot of his own in said section? Quietmartialartist (talk) 19:32, 16 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Only one multiplayer screenshot should be in the section, and it shouldn't have any mods or third party features/skins in it so to avoid any confusion. Bill (talk 19:59, 16 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Then how do I go about locking it so that Diamondback can no longer revert the image? Clearly this is an ego thing on his part: first he switched my screenshot with about three different inappropriate versions (i.e. mods, foreign language, etc.), and now he's replacing my screenshot of SJ killing Diamondback with Diamondback killing SJ.  It's not really a "better" image, just one where he is not shown dieing. Quietmartialartist (talk) 21:09, 16 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Furthermore, the picture he is attempting to add now has a model with a modified skin. Quietmartialartist (talk) 21:38, 16 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Indeed, Diamond is being more disruptive than anything else. I left a message on their talk page asking him to come here and justify his edits. This whole "replacing X killing Y with Y killing X" business could be resolved by uploading an image of a multiplayer game with bots rather than one with real people. Una LagunaTalk 06:40, 17 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Edit: looking at the edit history of the image, Diamond could be blocked for breaching WP:3RR. Una LagunaTalk 06:44, 17 May 2008 (UTC)

 * I changed the picture to one with no names but still shows plenty of gameplay elements. Quietmartialartist (talk) 12:42, 17 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Yeah, that picture should be fine. Nice, clean and uncluttered. I've expanded the fair use rationale you put there. Una LagunaTalk 17:20, 17 May 2008 (UTC)

Quake III Engine modifications
The present lede suggests that That game added third-person viewing to the Quake III engine, but this was in the original engine. Quake III's intro-demo shows in-game footage from a third person perspective. This can be enabled by setting the variable cg_thirdPerson.

Ansbaradigeidfran (talk) 19:54, 4 September 2008 (UTC)

Getting closer to GA
I've recently cleaned up the Single player, Plot and Multiplayer sections and added a bunch more citations. I think we're getting closer to GA quality and we just need a push to get it there. Are there any omissions or details that deserve to be covered in more detail? Any sentences that stand out as wrong or awkward? Anything that still needs a source? Bill (talk 14:40, 24 November 2008 (UTC)

Third party add ins
I removed a section about Movie Battles from the gameplay section (forgot to log in) This page is about Jedi Academy, mods and add ins can have their own pages. Lets not go back to the old page that had tens of mods listed under there.

There is a snowball effect here to watch out for: Who decides what "mod" can be added and what mod can't? If mod x can be included, why not map x? Model x?

And certainly not least, there is a high degree of immaturity among the Jedi Academy community, and placing mods in this page is a lightning rod for vandalism.

If there must be a section for third party entries, it should be a single section with no text that links to other wiki pages. Each modification has too many sides to be mentioned effectively in a small paragraph anyway, and will at least move a prime vandal target to a separate area that can be locked as needed.

I searched through the revision history and although the earlier "wall of mods" entries were lost, I see that there was a mod link section at one point. Any particular reason this was removed to return to the paragraph per mod?

Disclosure: This is my first "important" wiki update. I am a developer of a JKA game mod. My mod was added by another user, and constantly vandalised. Shortly after one of my repairs, all mod sections were removed citing reasons similar to what I have posted. I agreed with the removal.

RoboPhred (talk) 23:07, 5 February 2009 (UTC)

 * I don't 100% agree with you on this. I won't revert your edit, because I'm not a fan of edit wars and I'd rather settle this on the talk page first.

 * First off I disagree with your use of the word "advertising". Read WP:ADVERT and you'll see that what you removed is not advertising. It merely presents facts - in no way does it try to sell Movie Battles.

 * Who decides what "mod" can be added and what mod can't? If mod x can be included, why not map x? Model x?
 * Check out WP:N. We can talk about Movie Battles because it's been referred to in multiple reliable sources. That makes Movie Battles worthy for inclusion in Wikipedia.

 * ...placing mods in this page is a lightning rod for vandalism.
 * So you're saying we can't include certain content because it might be vandalised? Three points:
 * If vandalism was a problem we could get the page protected.
 * The Jedi Academy and Movie Battles pages have been on my watchlist for many months and I have seen no evidence to suggest these articles are subject to more vandalism than other articles.
 * If the article is vandalised, just revert it. Simple as that.

 * Each modification has too many sides to be mentioned effectively in a small paragraph anyway...
 * That's why a brief paragraph is used to summarise the mod, and a link provided to the main article on Movie Battles.

 * I searched through the revision history and although the earlier "wall of mods" entries were lost, I see that there was a mod link section at one point. Any particular reason this was removed to return to the paragraph per mod?
 * WP:N again. Most mods fail to pass Wikipedia's notability criteria. Movie Battles does pass.

 * I hope this clarifies things for you. Una LagunaTalk 07:25, 6 February 2009 (UTC)

 * I also disagree with the removal of the section. This is incorrect application of WP:ADVERT and the reasons are far from reasons we use to remove information (especially being a vandal target, otherwise we'd have no George W. Bush or Barack Obama). Besides, I've never seen any vandals specifically targetting the section or page. The modification has received coverage in the mainstream press and so that is why it is included. It is the inclusion criteria for this page and any mod that receives the same attention can be placed on this page. As you say you're also a mod developer, you have a conflict of interest in removing the other mod from a page. I suggest the section be put back in. --Bill (talk 08:41, 6 February 2009 (UTC)

 * Are we sure there were plenty of sources to verify the MB mod's notability? If we are, there shouldn't be a problem reverting the edit, but I don't recall that particular section being overly well sourced though. --PenguinCopter (talk) 00:29, 7 February 2009 (UTC)

 * (old version) It was reasonably sourced for the amount of content in the section. The sources were a dedicated section on Gamesradar, and the bulk of an article on Sky.com. The media coverage of the mod, especially the Sky article which is a non-gaming website, makes it an aspect of Jedi Academy worth noting. When tidying up the article before the GA Review I did try to find sources for other mods, in particular the Jedi Academy: Dark Forces total conversion as that's popular. Unfortunately there's nothing out there that would qualify as a reliable source so it's not like we were singling out a single modification for a reason. --Bill (talk 00:44, 7 February 2009 (UTC)

 * I've restored the section based on the assertions here that it is valid. --Bill (talk 19:34, 9 February 2009 (UTC)

This page really needs to mention the modifications that are available. For many the game doesn't start until they have modded the hell out of it. As no one seems to be able to decide how to talk about mods then how about this. Write about the different ways that the game can be modified. Have another page that has a list of the post popular mods. Sorted! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.67.56.237 (talk) 18:08, 31 December 2009 (UTC)

 * See the last paragraph of the multiplayer section - Movie Battles has been mentioned as it is notable according to Wikipedia policy. There are no other mods which have received enough media coverage to make them notable for inclusion on Wikipedia.

 * Sorry, but a page dedicated to simply listing mods would not be appropriate: as I just mentioned, the vast majority of mods are not notable, and Wikipedia is not a game guide. If people want to find out which mods are worth having, they should look at a website dedicated to JA modding, not an encyclopedia article intended to give an overview of the subject matter. Una LagunaTalk 10:47, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

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Is the plot section too detailed?
It seems really extensive, at least in relation to other game, movie, TV, etc., articles. I feel bad asking if someone's hard work is to be edited down, but it doesn't seem in line with Wikipedia. Charlesmartin82 (talk) 08:12, 30 March 2020 (UTC)

 * Oh wow somebody has already edited it down quite a lot, I've had an un-refreshed page open in my browser too long, sorry! Charlesmartin82 (talk) 08:14, 30 March 2020 (UTC)

 * , it could probably still do with some trimming. The recommended length for VG plots is 700 words. Personally, I find that a bit arbitrary, but it's a decent guide. This article is currently 900+, so it should be possible to tighten it. As for undoing or altering other people's work - that's the nature of Wikipedia. Remember, no one will find fault in someone being bold, so feel free to edit as you wish. Bertaut (talk) 02:39, 1 April 2020 (UTC)


text:
User:Bulabzki

Hi im Bulabzki

i love science very much and to study and live by it is my very goal. i love to know everything, those which exist and do not exist. i like to know more about the human brain.

title: User:Bulabzki


text:
Enron: The Smartest Guys in the Room

Enron: The Smartest Guys in the Room is a 2005 American documentary film based on the best-selling 2003 book of the same name by Fortune reporters Bethany McLean and Peter Elkind, who are credited as writers of the film alongside the director, Alex Gibney. It examines the 2001 collapse of the Enron Corporation, which resulted in criminal trials for several of the company's top executives during the ensuing Enron scandal, and contains a section about the involvement of Enron traders in the 2000-01 California electricity crisis. Archival footage is used alongside new interviews with McLean and Elkind, several former Enron executives and employees, stock analysts, reporters, and former Governor of California Gray Davis.

The film won the awards for Best Documentary Feature at the 21st Independent Spirit Awards and Best Documentary Screenplay at the 58th Writers Guild of America Awards. It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature at the 78th Academy Awards.

Synopsis
The film begins with a profile of Kenneth Lay, who founded Enron in 1985. In 1987, the company becomes embroiled in scandal after two traders begin betting on the oil markets, resulting in suspiciously consistent profits. One of the traders, Louis Borget, is also discovered to be diverting company money to offshore accounts. Auditors uncover their schemes, but Lay encourages them to "keep making us millions". However, the traders are fired when it is revealed they gambled away Enron's reserves; the company is narrowly saved from bankruptcy by the timely intervention of executive Mike Muckleroy, who managed to bluff the market long enough to recover Borget's trading losses and prevent a margin call. Lay later denies having knowledge of any wrongdoing.

Lay hires Jeffrey Skilling, a visionary who joins Enron on the condition that they use mark-to-market accounting, allowing the company to record potential profits on certain projects immediately after contracts were signed, regardless of the actual profits that the deal would generate. This gives Enron the ability to subjectively give the appearance of being a profitable company, even when it was not. With the vision of transforming Enron from an energy supplier to an energy trader, Skilling imposes his version of a Darwinian worldview on Enron by establishing a review committee that grades employees and annually fires the bottom fifteen percent, a process nicknamed within the company as "rank and yank". This creates a highly competitive and brutal working environment. Skilling hires lieutenants who enforce his directives inside Enron, known as the "guys with spikes." They include J. Clifford Baxter, an intelligent but manic-depressive executive, and Lou Pai, the CEO of Enron Energy Services, notorious for his nightly habit of visiting strip clubs. Pai abruptly resigns from EES, having already sold $250 million of stock as a result of divorce proceedings.

With its success in the bull market brought on by the dot-com bubble, Enron seeks to beguile stock market analysts by meeting their projections. Executives push up their stock prices and then cash in their multimillion-dollar options, a process known as "pump and dump". Enron also mounts a PR campaign to portray itself as a profitable, prosperous, and innovative company, even though its worldwide operations are performing poorly. Elsewhere, Enron begins ambitious initiatives, such as attempts to use broadband technology to deliver movies on demand and to "trade weather" like a commodity; both initiatives fail, but, using mark-to-market accounting, Enron is able to record non-existent profits for these ventures. CFO Andrew Fastow creates a network of shell companies designed solely to do business with Enron, for the ostensible dual purposes of sending Enron money and hiding its increasing debt. Fastow also takes advantage of the greed of Wall Street investment banks, pressuring them into investing in these shell entities. However, Fastow has a vested financial stake in these ventures and uses them to defraud Enron of tens of millions of dollars in business deals that he effectively conducts with himself. All of this is done with the permission of Enron's accounting firm Arthur Andersen and Enron's corporate board. Most of these deals were leveraged with Enron stock, meaning that a significant decline in their stock price could cause Fastow's network of shell companies to fall apart. During this time, Enron's executives encourage employees to invest their savings and retirement funds into Enron stock while they are selling off their shares for millions.

Enron's successes continue as it becomes one of the few internet-related companies to survive the burst of the dot-com bubble in 2000 relatively unscathed, and it is named the "most admired" corporation by Fortune magazine for the sixth year running. However, Jim Chanos, an Enron investor, and Bethany McLean, a Fortune reporter, question irregularities about the company's financial statements and stock value. Skilling responds by calling McLean "unethical", though he does send three Enron executives to meet with McLean and her Fortune editor to explain the company's finances. When McLean's critical article is published, Skilling accuses Fortune of just trying to counteract a recent positive piece about Enron in BusinessWeek, Fortune's competitor.

Public perception of Enron begins to change due to its role in the 2000–'01 California electricity crisis. Given the company's purchase of Portland General Electric in 1997, Enron traders are able to exploit California's newly deregulated energy market by recurrently shutting down power plants and sending power out of the state to create artificial shortages that raise the cost of electricity, and then bringing the exported energy back in to California, making the company $2 billion. The film includes tape-recorded conversations between Enron traders who seem to derive enjoyment from this and then cites the Milgram experiment to explain their behavior. It also explores the strong political connections Ken Lay and Enron had, particularly to the administrations of President George H. W. Bush and his son, President (and earlier Governor of Texas), George W. Bush, and suggests that the Bush administration's lack of response during the California energy crisis could have been intended as a means of sabotaging then-Governor of California Gray Davis, who was speculated to be a strong potential challenger to the younger Bush in the 2004 Presidential election. Indeed, the crisis was a contributing factor to Davis being recalled in 2003, which ended his political career. Skilling, who succeeded Lay as Enron's CEO on February 12, 2001, blames California's energy laws for the crisis and denies that Enron is acting inappropriately, infamously stating in a 2001 episode of Frontline that "We are the good guys. We are on the side of angels." Eventually, the Democratic-controlled United States Senate ends the crisis by imposing price controls. Bush's connections to Ken Lay come under scrutiny in the press, which intensifies after Enron's collapse.

Meanwhile, throughout 2001, much more scrutiny is brought upon Enron's balance sheet, which agitates Skilling, who is on the verge of a nervous breakdown as the situation starts to unravel. He engages in odd and irrational behavior, such as calling an investor an "asshole" during a conference call when asked why Enron is not as transparent about its finances as its competitors, which culminates in his abrupt resignation as CEO in August 2001, after which Ken Lay retakes the position. Skilling's odd behavior serves as a red flag to investors, who begin to question how financially healthy the company really is and start selling their shares, causing Enron's stock price to decline. Soon after Skilling's departure, whistleblower Sherron Watkins discovers the fraud in Enron's books and alerts Lay, telling him the company is headed to certain collapse unless he acts immediately. Like in 1987, Lay largely ignores the warnings and assures that Skilling left for personal reasons and the company is financially solid. The board fires CFO Fastow after discovering he had embezzled more than $30 million from the company through his shell companies. With Fastow gone, Enron's accountants issue restatements that erase a majority of the company's profits from 1997 through 2000, add nearly $1 billion of debt to the company's balance sheet, and remove over $1 billion of shareholder equity as a means of writing down the losses from Fastow's shell companies. Despite Lay's continued assurances that Enron is in good shape and will pull through, the company's stock price tanks as its investors and customers lose all confidence, forcing Enron to file for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in November 2001.

As a result of Enron's bankruptcy, many of its employees lose their pensions and life savings, while investors lose over $11 billion in shareholder value. Skilling testifies at the ensuing congressional hearings, but Ken Lay and Andrew Fastow plead the fifth. Fastow eventually pleads guilty and agrees to testify against his former coworkers in exchange for a reduced sentence, while Lay and Skilling plead innocent and spend tens of millions of dollars on defense attorneys, with their trials scheduled to take place in 2006.

Cast

 * Peter Coyote, narrator
 * Bethany McLean, Fortune reporter; co-author, The Smartest Guys in the Room
 * Peter Elkind, co-author, The Smartest Guys in the Room
 * Sherron Watkins, ex-vice president, Enron Corp.; Enron whistleblower; co-author, Power Failure
 * Mimi Swartz, executive editor, Texas Monthly magazine; co-author, Power Failure
 * Mike Muckleroy, former Enron executive
 * Amanda Martin, former Enron executive
 * Charles Wickman, former Enron trader
 * Colin Whitehead, former Enron trader
 * John Beard, former Enron accountant
 * Max Eberts, former spokesman, Enron Energy Services
 * Carol Coale, senior vice president and senior research analyst, Prudential Securities
 * Bill Lerach, attorney for Enron stockholders
 * Gray Davis, former governor of California
 * David Freeman, former advisor to governor Davis
 * Philip H. Hilder, Sherron Watkins' attorney

Reception
Enron: The Smartest Guys in the Room received positive reviews. It has a rating of 97% on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 119 reviews, with an average rating of 8.09/10; the site's consensus states: "A concise, entertaining documentary about the spectacular failure of Enron." On Metacritic, the film has a rating of 82%, based on 37 reviews.

Film critic Roger Ebert, writing in the Chicago Sun-Times, gave the film three-and-a-half out of four, commenting that: "This is not a political documentary. It is a crime story. No matter what your politics, Enron: The Smartest Guys in the Room will make you mad". Ebert's co-host on the television program Ebert & Roeper, Chicago Tribune critic Richard Roeper, said the film is "a brilliantly executed, brutally entertaining dissection of what one observer called the greatest corporate fraud in American history". A. O. Scott of The New York Times wrote that: "This sober, informative chronicle of the biggest business scandal of the decade is almost indecently entertaining." Owen Gleiberman called the film: "A nimble investigative workout that leaves you with the exhilarated sensation of understanding the defining financial scandal of the virtual era."

The film won the award for Best Documentary Screenplay at the 58th Writers Guild of America Awards and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature at the 78th Academy Awards, but lost to March of the Penguins.

title: Enron: The Smartest Guys in the Room


text:
Chris Hedges

Christopher Lynn Hedges (born September 18, 1956) is an American journalist, author, commentator and Presbyterian minister. He writes a weekly column at Scheerpost and hosts the program The Chris Hedges Report on YouTube.

In his early career, Hedges worked as a freelance war correspondent in Central America for The Christian Science Monitor, NPR, and Dallas Morning News. Hedges reported for The New York Times from 1990 to 2005, and served as the Times Middle East Bureau Chief and Balkan Bureau Chief during the wars in the former Yugoslavia. In 2001, Hedges contributed to The New York Times staff entry that received the 2002 Pulitzer Prize for Explanatory Reporting for the paper's coverage of global terrorism.

Hedges produced a weekly column for Truthdig for 14 years until the outlet's hiatus in 2020. His books include War Is a Force That Gives Us Meaning (2002), a finalist for the National Book Critics Circle Award for Nonfiction; American Fascists: The Christian Right and the War on America (2007); Death of the Liberal Class (2010); and Days of Destruction, Days of Revolt (2012), written with cartoonist Joe Sacco.

Since 2022 Hedges had hosted his own topical news commentary program (web series) on YouTube, The Chris Hedges Report.

Early life
Christopher Lynn Hedges was born on September 18, 1956, in St. Johnsbury, Vermont. His father was a World War II veteran, Presbyterian minister, and anti-war activist. He was raised in rural Schoharie County, New York, southwest of Albany.

Education
Hedges received a scholarship to attend Loomis Chaffee School, a private boarding school in Windsor, Connecticut. Hedges founded an underground newspaper at the school that was banned by the administration and resulted in his being put on probation. He participated in track and graduated in 1975.

Hedges enrolled into Colgate University and, though heterosexual, helped found an LGBT student group. Hedges received his Bachelor of Arts degree in English from Colgate in 1979. He sought a postgraduate education at Harvard University's Divinity School where he studied under James Luther Adams in addition to studying classics and Classical Greek. While attending Harvard, Hedges lived in Roxbury, a neighborhood in Boston, where he worked as a seminarian and ran a small church. He was also a member of the Greater Boston YMCA's boxing team, writing that the boxing gym was "the only place I felt safe."

Early career
Hedges gained an interest in pursuing journalism as a means of furthering ministry after a period of close communications with British journalist Robert Cox, who was at that time reporting on the Dirty War in Argentina. While having one year left before graduation, Hedges briefly dropped out of Harvard to study Spanish in Cochabamba, Bolivia with the support of the Catholic Maryknoll Fathers. Following Cox's recommendation, Hedges informally prepared for work as a reporter through studying a four-volume set of collected works by George Orwell. Hedges made some freelance contributions for The Washington Post, and later covered the Falklands War from Buenos Aires for National Public Radio using equipment given to him by NPR reporter William Buzenberg. Hedges returned to the United States to complete a Master of Divinity degree at Harvard in 1983.

Hedges continued his career as a freelance journalist in Latin America. From 1983 to 1984, he covered the conflicts in El Salvador, Nicaragua and Guatemala for The Christian Science Monitor and NPR. He was hired as the Central America Bureau Chief for The Dallas Morning News in 1984 and held this position until 1988. Noam Chomsky wrote of Hedges at the time that he was one of the "few US journalists in Central America who merit the title."

The New York Times
In 1990, Hedges was hired by The New York Times. He covered the first Gulf War for the paper, where he refused to participate in the military pool system that restricted the movement and reporting of journalists. He was arrested by the United States Army and had his press credentials revoked, but continued to defy the military restrictions to report outside the pool system. Hedges subsequently entered Kuwait with U.S. Marine Corps members who were distrustful of the Army's press control. Within The New York Times, R.W. Apple Jr. supported Hedges' defiance of the pool system.

Hedges, along with Neal Conan, was taken prisoner in Basra after the war by the Iraqi Republican Guard during the Shiite uprising. He was freed after a week. Hedges was appointed the paper's Middle East Bureau Chief in 1991. His reporting on the atrocities committed by Saddam Hussein in the Kurdish-held parts of northern Iraq saw the Iraqi leader offer a bounty for anyone who killed Hedges, along with other western journalists and aid workers in the region. Several aid workers and journalists, including the German reporter Lissy Schmidt, were assassinated and others were severely wounded.

Yugoslav Wars (1995–2000)
In 1995, Hedges was named the Balkan Bureau Chief for The New York Times. He was based in Sarajevo when the city was being hit by over 300 shells a day by the surrounding Bosnia Serbs. He reported on the Srebrenica massacre in July 1995 and shortly after the war uncovered what appeared to be one of the central collection points and hiding places for perhaps thousands of corpses at the large open pit Ljubija mine during the Bosnian Serbs' ethnic cleansing campaign. He and the photographer Wade Goddard were the first reporters to travel with armed units of the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) in Kosovo. Hedges investigative piece was published in The New York Times in June 1999 detailing how Hashim Thaçi, leader of the Kosovo Liberation Army (and later president of Kosovo), directed a campaign in which as many as half a dozen top rebel commanders were assassinated and many others were brutally purged to consolidate his power. Thaci, indicted by the special court in The Hague on 10 counts of war crimes, is in detention in The Hague awaiting trial.

Hedges was a Nieman Fellow at Harvard University during the 1998–1999 academic year, and chose to study Latin because of his prior interest in the classics from studying Classical Greek.

Hedges ended his career of reporting in active conflicts in October 2000.

Terrorism coverage and Iraq War (2001–2005)
Hedges was based in Paris following the attacks of 9/11, covering Al Qaeda in Europe and the Middle East. He was a member of a New York Times investigative team that won the Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Reporting in 2002 for their coverage of Al Qaeda. Hedges also received the Amnesty International Global Award for Human Rights Journalism in 2002. Hedges' contribution to the Times award was an October 2001 article describing Al Qaeda's foiled bombing plot of the Embassy of the United States, Paris.

Reporting from coached defectors
In a collaboration between The New York Times and Frontline, Hedges authored three articles covering the claims of false Iraqi defectors. Hedges worked on behalf of Lowell Bergman of Frontline, who could not travel to Beirut to interview the purported defectors. The trip was organized by Ahmed Chalabi, whom Hedges considered to be unreliable. The first defector Hedges interviewed identified himself as Lt. General Jamal al-Ghurairy. Hedges consulted the U.S. Embassy in Turkey to confirm that identity, and the embassy falsely did so as the real al-Ghurairy had never left Iraq.

Hedges wrote a November 8, 2001 Times cover story about two former Iraqi military commanders who claimed to have trained foreign mujahedeen how to hijack planes and destroy vital American infrastructure. The two defectors also asserted there was a secret compound in Salman Pak facility where a German scientist was producing biological weapons. The Frontline report featured statements from American officials who doubted the claims of the defectors.

Conservative outlets referenced the articles in justifying the invasion of Iraq. In the aftermath of the revelations that the Iraqi defectors were not legitimate, Hedges defended his comportment since he had done the story as a favor to Lowell Bergman, adding that "There has to be a level of trust between reporters. We cover each other's sources when it's a good story because otherwise everyone would get hold of it."

Exit from the Times
In 2003, Hedges gave a commencement speech at the graduation ceremony for Rockford College in which he criticized the ongoing American invasion of Iraq. His speech was received with boos, and his microphone was shut off three minutes after he began speaking. Hedges had to end the commencement speech short because of the various student disruptions, which included an additional microphone cut, foghorns, and chants of "God Bless America."

The New York Times criticized Hedges' statements and issued him a formal reprimand for "public remarks that could undermine public trust in the paper's impartiality". Hedges cited this reprimand as a motivation for resigning from the Times in 2005. In 2013 he said "Either I muzzled myself to pay fealty to my career, which on a personal sense would be to betray my father, or I spoke out and realized that my relationship with my employer was terminal. And so at that point I left before they got rid of me. But I knew that, you know, I wasn't going to be able to stay".

During the uncertainty following the loss of employment, Hedges was looking for posts to teach high school English classes. In a 2008 interview, Hedges acknowledged that he ultimately had not struggled, adding that "every year since I left the Times, I've made at least twice the salary I made at the paper. So, in a way, I didn't pay for it. And I have maintained what is most valuable to me, which is my integrity and my voice."

Later career

In 2005, Hedges became a senior fellow at Type Media Center, and a columnist at Truthdig, in addition to writing books and teaching inmates at a New Jersey correctional institution.

In 2006, Hedges was awarded a Lannan Literary Fellowship for Nonfiction.

Truthdig (2006–2020)
Hedges produced a weekly column in Truthdig for 14 years. He was fired along with all of the editorial staff in March 2020. Hedges and the staff had gone on strike earlier in the month to protest the publisher's attempt to fire the Editor-in-Chief Robert Scheer, demand an end to a series of unfair labor practices and the right to form a union. Hedges resumed work with Scheer after the launch of Scheerpost.

In June 2014, Christopher Ketcham published an article on The New Republic website accusing Hedges of plagiarism in several Truthdig columns and a 2010 Harper's Magazine article. The Truthdig posts were updated to give attribution to their author, and the Harper's article was withdrawn.

Additional accusations of plagiarism from Ketcham were countered by an independent investigation from the Type Media Center.

Prison writing teacher
Hedges has worked for a decade teaching writing classes in prisons in New Jersey through a program offered by Princeton University and later Rutgers University. A class that Hedges taught at East Jersey State Prison in 2013 went on to collaborate in the creation of a play titled Caged. Hedges has become a fierce critic of mass incarceration in the United States, and his experience as an educator in New Jersey prisons served as inspiration for his 2021 book Our Class: Trauma and Transformation in an American Prison.

Ordination and ministerial installation
On October 5, 2014, Hedges was ordained a minister within the Presbyterian Church. He was installed as Associate Pastor and Minister of Social Witness and Prison Ministry at the Second Presbyterian Church Elizabeth in Elizabeth, New Jersey. He mentioned being rejected for ordination 30 years earlier, saying that "going to El Salvador as a reporter was not something the Presbyterian Church at the time recognized as a valid ministry, and a committee rejected my 'call.'"

On Contact (2016–2022)
Hedges began hosting the television show On Contact for the Russian-government owned network RT America in June 2016. Hedges, who has claimed not to have known much about the network at the time, was approached to make a show by RT America president Mikhail "Misha" Solodovnikov, who promised him complete editorial independence.

On Contact provided commentary on social issues, often profiling nonfiction authors and their recently published works with Hedges aiming to follow the approach of former public television shows. On Contact was nominated for an Emmy in 2017, RT America's first significant award nomination, but the award was won by Steve.

On March 3, 2022, RT America ceased operations following the widespread deplatforming of Russian-sponsored media caused by the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. The run of On Contact ended. In a March 7, 2022 Scheerpost column (reprinted by Salon), Hedges wrote about the reprimand he received from The New York Times for his Iraq War opposition, comparing it to RT America, which made no comment on Hedges' condemnation of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Hedges said he "might have paid with" his job for making negative comments about the war on Ukraine, "but at least for those six days", after the invasion, he remained in post.

Chris Hedges Report (2022– )
Hedges, in collaboration with The Real News Network, began production in April 2022 for his current web series The Chris Hedges Report.

Activism and direct involvement with politics
In the 2008 United States presidential campaign, Hedges was a speech writer for candidate Ralph Nader. Hedges supported Green Party candidate Jill Stein in the 2016 election.

On April 15, 2016, Hedges was arrested, along with 100 other protesters, during a sit-in outside the Capitol building in Washington, D.C., during Democracy Spring to protest corporate political influence.

On May 27, 2020, Hedges announced that he would run as a Green Party candidate in New Jersey's 12th congressional district for the 2020 elections. After being informed the following day that running for office would conflict with FCC fairness doctrine rules because he was at that time hosting the nationally broadcast RT America television show On Contact, Hedges decided not to pursue office in order to keep hosting the show.

In September 2020, Hedges spoke at the Movement for a People's Party convention.

Political views
Hedges has described himself as a socialist and an anarchist. His books Death of the Liberal Class and Empire of Illusion are strongly critical of American liberalism.

Hedges' 2007 book American Fascists describes the fundamentalist Christian right in the United States as a fascist movement. In March 2008, Hedges published the book I Don't Believe in Atheists, in which he argues that new atheism presents a danger that is similar to religious extremism.

Russian invasion of Ukraine
In March 2022, Hedges condemned Russia's aggression as criminal and criticized NATO's expansion as a dangerous and predictable provocation that baited Russia to initiate a conflict. Hedges called for Russia's withdrawal, an immediate ceasefire and moratorium on arms shipments to Ukraine. He later stated that the invasion was "set to become a lengthy war of attrition, one funded and backed by an increasingly bellicose United States." Hedges criticized the $40 billion aid package for Ukraine in a May 2022 piece, which he says demonstrates that the United States is "trapped in the death spiral of unchecked militarism" as the country "rots, morally, politically, economically, and physically," with no real plans to address the epidemic of mass shootings, decaying infrastructure, lack of universal healthcare, ever rising inequality, student debt, child poverty and the opioid epidemic. In his 2022 book The Greatest Evil is War, Hedges wrote that "Russia has every right to feel threatened, betrayed, and angry. But to understand is not to condone. The invasion of Ukraine, under post-Nuremberg laws, is a criminal war of aggression."

Accusing Israel of ethnic cleansing and other war crimes
In late 2023 and early 2024, Hedges gave lectures on the Israel–Hamas war in the Gaza Strip, dedicated episodes of his show The Chris Hedges Report to the topic, and appeared as a guest on the Mark Steiner Show. He believes that since Zionism's early days its goals was the possession of all of mandatory Palestine and the extermination of the Palestinian people. He states that the end game of Netanyahu's ruling coalition is permanently destroy the idea of a State of Palestine, to be accomplished through acts of genocide and ethnic cleansing. He cites the withholding of food, water, medicine, and the bombing of hospitals, during the war as examples of such acts. He states that Israel with the rise to power of the ultranationalist Jewish-supremacist far-right, what he calls the heirs to Meir Kahane, as evidence of Israel having developed into a fully fascist, hate-filled, Jewish-supremacist apartheid state, that will continue to pursue its transformation into an ethnoreligiously pure state with the explusion of all Palestinians including Israeli citizens of Palestinian ethnicity. Hedges criticizes U.S. President Biden's, the U.S. government's and the U.S. and European media "total support" for the Israeli narrative including military support and voting down cease-fire proposals in the United Nations. He supports the BDS movement, ending aid to and sanctioning Israel. He states that Israel's genocide of Palestinians has "signed its own death sentence" with respect to its "social capital", losing its "facade of civility, its supposed vaunted respect for rule of law and democracy, its mythical story of the courageous Israeli military and miraculous birth of the Jewish nation will lie in ash heaps", Hedges argued.

Environmental views
On September 20, 2014, a day before the People's Climate March, Hedges joined Bernie Sanders, Naomi Klein, Bill McKibben, and Kshama Sawant on a panel moderated by WNYC's Brian Lehrer to discuss the issue of climate change.

Hedges has argued that the impact of population growth must be addressed, saying "all measures to thwart the degradation and destruction of our ecosystem will be useless if we do not cut population growth."

Occupy involvement
Hedges appeared as a guest on an October 2011 episode of the CBC News Network's Lang and O'Leary Exchange to discuss his support for the Occupy Wall Street protests; co-host Kevin O'Leary criticized him, saying that he sounded "like a left-wing nutbar". Hedges said "it will be the last time" he appears on the show, and compared the CBC to Fox News. CBC's ombudsman found O'Leary's heated remarks to be a violation of the public broadcaster's journalistic standards.

On November 3, 2011, Hedges was arrested with others in New York City as part of the Occupy Wall Street demonstration, during which the activists staged a "people's hearing" on the activities of the investment bank Goldman Sachs and blocked the entrance to their corporate headquarters.

NDAA lawsuit
In 2012, after the Obama administration signed the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA), Hedges sued members of the US government, asserting that Section 1021 of the law unconstitutionally allowed presidential authority for indefinite detention without habeas corpus. He was later joined in the suit, Hedges v. Obama, by activists including Noam Chomsky and Daniel Ellsberg. In May 2012 Judge Katherine B. Forrest of the Southern District of New York ruled that the counter-terrorism provision of the NDAA is unconstitutional.

The Obama administration appealed the decision, and it was overturned in July 2013 by the Second Circuit Court of Appeals. Hedges petitioned the U.S. Supreme Court to hear the case, but the Supreme Court denied certiorari in April 2014.

Hedges was previously a plaintiff in Clapper v. Amnesty International.

PEN America
Chris Hedges reported in his The Chris Hedges Report website in March 2024, "In May 2013 I resigned from PEN America over the appointment of former State Department official Suzanne Nossel. A decade later, PEN America has become a propaganda arm of the state."

Personal life
Hedges is married to the Canadian actress, writer, and vegan activist Eunice Wong. The couple has two children. He also has two children from a previous marriage. Hedges currently lives in Princeton, New Jersey. In November 2014, Hedges announced that he and his family had become vegan. He compared his decision to a vow of abstinence, adding that it is necessary "to make radical changes to save ourselves from ecological meltdown." Hedges authored an introduction to a vegan cookbook in 2015, The Anarchist Cookbook, written by Keith McHenry and Chaz Bufe.

Hedges has post-traumatic stress disorder from his experience reporting in war zones, and was once suicidal as a result of trauma. Hedges speaks Levantine Arabic, French, and Spanish in addition to his native English.

Books

 * 2002: War Is a Force That Gives Us Meaning (ISBN 1-58648-049-9)
 * 2003: What Every Person Should Know About War (ISBN 1-4177-2104-9)
 * 2005: Losing Moses on the Freeway: The 10 Commandments in America (ISBN 0-7432-5513-5)
 * 2007: American Fascists: The Christian Right and the War on America (ISBN 0-7432-8443-7)
 * 2008: I Don't Believe in Atheists (ISBN 1-4165-6795-X)
 * 2008: Collateral Damage: America's War Against Iraqi Civilians, with Laila Al-Arian (ISBN 1-56858-373-7)
 * 2009: When Atheism Becomes Religion: America's New Fundamentalists, (ISBN 978-1-4165-7078-3), a retitled edition of I Don't Believe in Atheists
 * 2009: Empire of Illusion: The End of Literacy and the Triumph of Spectacle (ISBN 978-1-56858-437-9)
 * 2010: Death of the Liberal Class (ISBN 978-1-56858-644-1)
 * 2010: The World As It Is: Dispatches on the Myth of Human Progress (ISBN 978-1-56858-640-3)
 * 2012: Days of Destruction, Days of Revolt, with Joe Sacco (ISBN 978-1-56858-643-4)
 * 2015: Wages of Rebellion: The Moral Imperative of Revolt (ISBN 1-56858-966-2)
 * 2016: Unspeakable (ISBN 1-5107-1273-9)
 * 2018: America: The Farewell Tour (ISBN 978-1-5011-5267-2)
 * 2021 Our Class: Trauma and Transformation in an American Prison (ISBN 978-1982154431)
 * 2022 The Greatest Evil is War (ISBN 978-1644212936)

title: Chris Hedges


text: Talk:Mercer University

title: Talk:Mercer University