text:
Talk:Mount Seymour

(untitled)
See talk at Category_talk:Canadian_ski_resorts regarding Seymour's categorization as a "ski resort". Thanks! --Ds13 15:10, 2005 May 27 (UTC)

Is This Appropriate?
Hey wait a minute here.

This article is almost entirely about the Mount Seymour *Ski Resort*. It isn't really about the *real* Mount Seymour (as a geographical feature) at all, other than the incidental references.

I'm thinking that this article should be renamed to "Mount Seymour Ski Resort". Then I could put in a new "Mount Seymour" article which would describe the mountain itself.

Any objections?

Psi4ce 04:12, 3 March 2006 (UTC)

no objections here.

Nope

ThePopester87 15:45, 10 April 2006 (PST)

Is there enough material for two articles? If not, see what you think of my rewrite of the first two paragraphs. I tried to put a focus on the mountain first, and then continue with the ski area. (If this works for you, we could then add in sections about hiking, back-country, etc. to keep it from being a shill for the company.) --Ckatz 07:14, 17 April 2006 (UTC)

Seymour Mountain
I'm thinking with should make a redirect page for seymouyr mountain to redirect here...whatta y'all think? TotallyTempo 19:12, 4 November 2006 (UTC)
 * I think there's another Seymour Mountain, I'll look in BCGNIS/USGS....Skookum1 (talk) 15:09, 5 January 2009 (UTC)

Hiking/skiing risks
Because of its trail network and steep-sided topography, Seymour is well-known as the location of innumerable missing-persons/search-and-rescue efforts; not suggesting they shoudl all be listed, but an advisory section on the dangers of hiking off-trail and skiing out-of-bounds should defintely be included; without being alarmist, that is.Skookum1 (talk) 15:09, 5 January 2009 (UTC)

"Sleeping Maiden", "Sleeping Princess"
This is a nickname for the ridge as seen from the Gastown/Downtown area; cites abound, though I don't have any handy.Skookum1 (talk) 15:09, 5 January 2009 (UTC)

Separation of geographic and ski area articles
Noting that Mount Seymour Provincial Park is a separate article, and already having to correct teh double-coords from the ski area infobx vs the mountain infobox, and given the separation of mountain and ski area articles elsewhere (e.g. Whistler Blackcomb vs. Whistler Mountain & Blackcomb Mountain, Big White Ski Resort vs Big White Mountain etc.) - remember taht some ski areas are not named for the mountain they're on, e.g. Powder King, Kicking Horse (which isn't even on the Kicking Horse River/basin)... this also makes categorization easier and helps with giving room for expansion of the two different kinds of content; it may seem odd to have three different articles for what to most people is teh same place, but really it's not; the ski area is its own entity, and isn't actually at the peak of Mt Seymour; the Fannin Range is really the ridge that most people call Mount Seymour, or think of Mount Seymour as being (so really there's four articles). This is pretty standard, actually, though it may seem redundant; in proper encyclopedic catgorization and WikiProejct terms, it's not, though....Skookum1 (talk) 15:22, 5 January 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Mount Seymour. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20060525025414/http://www.skimountaineer.com/CascadeSki/CascadeSnow/SnowdepthComparison.pdf to http://skimountaineer.com/CascadeSki/CascadeSnow/SnowdepthComparison.pdf&ei=210nQ8PoG7DIiwHJ4tjdBw

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers. —cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 00:34, 18 October 2015 (UTC)

Need to change title from Mount Seymour to Mt Seymour Ski Area
The title of the article needs to change from Mount Seymour (referring to the mountain and provincial park) to Mt Seymour Ski Area as that is what the content is referring to but I am unable to do it. Can anybody help? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Mtseymourresorts (talk • contribs) 16:33, 25 October 2016 (UTC)
 * This article is about the mountain. There was a relatively recent edit by an anonymous IP editor, which I just undid, where "ski area" was added to the first sentence of the lead which was causing this confusion. It is fixed now. Air.light (talk) 17:05, 25 October 2016 (UTC)

Proposed Changes
In full disclosure I am a paid employee of Mt Seymour Resort. As mentioned in the previous posts above, the article confuses the difference between the provincial park and the ski resort which is not helpful for either guests of the provincial park or the ski resort. Please see the page on Cypress Mountain Ski Area as an example of seperation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cypress_Mountain_Ski_Area

The image is not of the Mount Seymour Ski Resort but from 'Third Pump' in the Provincial Park adding to further confusion. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Mtseymourresorts (talk • contribs) 17:21, 25 October 2016 (UTC)

 * It may be suitable for the article "Mt Seymour ski area" to be created but there's a conflict of interest with you creating this page. Certainly this page here should not be changed into a page about the ski area. Air.light (talk) 17:34, 25 October 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mount Seymour


text:
Oscar Westover

Oscar M. Westover (July 23, 1883 – September 21, 1938) was a major general and fourth chief of the United States Army Air Corps.

Early life and career
Westover was born in Bay City, Michigan, and enlisted in the United States Army when he was 18. He began his service as a private in 1901 before being appointed to the United States Military Academy at West Point. He graduated from there in 1906, ranked 43rd in his class, and was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the 14th Infantry. Westover was promoted to first lieutenant on April 13, 1911; to captain on July 1, 1916; and brevetted to major on October 20, 1917.

Air Service and Air Corps
In 1919, Lieutenant Colonel Westover was detailed to the United States Army Air Service to serve as Assistant Executive Officer for Director Major General Charles T. Menoher, where he butted heads with Billy Mitchell over subordination to authority, and on July 1, 1920, transferred permanently to the new Air Service branch with the rank of major. Westover served as Assistant Executive and Executive in the Office of the Chief of the Air Service (OCAS), from November 1918 to November 1920. He was appointed director of aircraft production in April 1921, serving until December 1922.

Westover attended the Air Service Balloon School in 1921, and the Air Service Airship School in 1922. He continued on to heavier-than-air flight training, completing the Air Service Primary Flying School at Brooks Field and the Advanced Flying School at Kelly Field in 1923 at the age of forty. As a result of these courses, Westover was awarded aeronautical ratings as a balloon observer, airship pilot, airplane pilot, and airplane observer, at that time every rating authorized by the Air Service.

From 1924 to 1926 he was assigned as commanding officer of Langley Field, Virginia, who was also the commandant of the Air Service Tactical School (which became the Air Corps Tactical School in 1926). He then completed the ACTS course himself in 1927. On January 13, 1930, he was promoted to lieutenant colonel and on December 22, 1931, appointed assistant to the chief of the Air Corps with temporary promotion to brigadier general. In 1932 he attended the Command and General Staff College and remained there for a stint as an instructor. On December 22, 1935, he succeeded Benjamin Foulois as Chief of the Air Corps with the accompanying promotion to major general.

The Army had in 1935 had activated an operational air formation called "General Headquarters Air Force" containing 3 of 5 existing combat wings, 9 of 15 existing combat groups, and 30 of 60 existing combat squadrons. This was not the General Headquarters of the Air Force, but was rather the Air Force of the then constituted, but not activated, General Headquarters—the planned command element for a theater of operation on mobilization in war. GHQ Air Force, activated with about 8000 soldiers was considered the equivalent of an infantry or cavalry division and was accordingly commanded by a major general. The wing commanders in GHQ Air Force went from lieutenant colonels or majors to brigadier generals or colonels at this time and corresponded with infantry or cavalry brigade commanders. The Chief of Air Corps was a branch head on par with the chiefs of Infantry, Cavalry, Field Artillery, Coast Artillery, the Corps of Engineers, the Quartermaster Corps, the Ordnance Corps, the Medical Department, the Signal Corps, Military Intelligence, and others who were tasked with manning, training, and equipping specific combat and service units as decided upon by the Army's General Staff and that had been provided to an operational commander of which there were 14 at the time—9 corps areas in the Continental United States (which in 1921 had replaced the department as the basic command level in the Army since the War of 1812) and 4 overseas departments (Philippines, Hawaii, Canal Zone, and Puerto Rico). None of the branch chiefs had operational control of units dedicated to the combat organizations of the Army. What units they did command were what was needed to train personnel. The relationship between the Chief of the Air Corps and Commanding General of GHQ Air Force was analogous to the Chief of Cavalry and Commanding General of 1st Cavalry Division. The one manned, trained, and equipped specific units as assigned by the War Department General Staff and which were in operational formations and the other employed the aggregate formation and trained it into a warfighting formation. Both the Chief of Air Corps and the Commanding General of GHQ Air Force reported to the Army Chief of Staff, albeit through different General Staff reporting channels.

GHQ Air Force was commanded by Major General Frank M. Andrews, a classmate of Westover's who had finished one place higher in class standings. Aviation advocates looking to the Royal Air Force and its independent status from the British Army and the Royal Navy, saw this "dual authority" within aviation as the primary cause many problems in unity of command, particularly since Andrews was outspoken in his advocacy of independence for the Air Corps from the Army. He and Westover clashed often over philosophical differences on this issue, Westover believed that being integrated with the rest of the Army was the priority, as had Westover with Billy Mitchell.

Death
Westover died, aged 55, in a plane crash on September 21, 1938. The Northrop A-17AS he flew, a single-engined attack aircraft used as a high-speed staff transport, had a reputation for stalling, and only a year before Colonel William McChord had been killed in the crash of one. Westover's aircraft, AC serial 36-349, experienced a high-speed stall and crashed in a crosswind short of the runway at Lockheed Aircraft's air field in Burbank, California, now known as Bob Hope Airport. The plane crashed in the front yard of a house at 1007 Scott Road in Burbank. No one on the ground was killed, but two homes were damaged by the ensuing flames. His passenger, crew chief S/Sgt Samuel Hymes, also died. Westover was succeeded by the Assistant Chief of Air Corps, Brigadier General Henry H. Arnold on September 29.

Oscar Westover is buried in Arlington National Cemetery. Westover Joint Air Reserve Base in Chicopee, Massachusetts, formerly Westover Air Force Base and the headquarters of the Eighth Air Force, and now the largest reserve base in the Air Force as home to the 439th Airlift Wing, is named in his honor.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Oscar Westover


text:
Talk:Grouse Mountain

(untitled)
See talk at Category_talk:Canadian_ski_resorts regarding Grouse's categorization as a "ski resort". Thanks! --Ds13 15:11, 2005 May 27 (UTC)

removed this line: from the external links, because it is broken. Anyone with a correct replacement, go for it.
 * Information on the Grouse Grind
 * I've restored the link. It should be .asp, not .htm/ Pburka 00:08, 8 December 2005 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Grousemountain.gif
Image:Grousemountain.gif is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 07:43, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

Mountain Highway (North Vancouver)
Noting this:
 * ''Public access to the mountain is by a Swiss Garaventa aerial tramway, the Grouse Grind hiking trail, or the Old Grouse Mountain Highway (foot and bicycle access only).

Other than noting the road is still used by service trucks, it was actually just Mountain Highway all the way to the top, before it was gated; I'm not sure that there's a street article or would just pipe that link...Skookum1 (talk) 17:53, 23 June 2009 (UTC)
 * There's not; the bluelink Mountain Highway is to an Australian highway; so I dabbed the title above; not that it will ever need a road article but if it ever does that's the dab needed.Skookum1 (talk) 17:55, 23 June 2009 (UTC)

 * I emailed Grouse Mountain to confirm that bikes are allowed up mountain highway, but was informed that Bikes are not permitted on the private road. The lower section of the Mountain highway is used by mountain bikers, but you're not allowed to use the Mountain Highway path all the way to the top.

Openstreetmap shows where the Private section of road starts...and the private section is what made me double check the status of biking up there. 70.79.146.225 (talk) 04:32, 7 August 2010 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 16:46, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

Number of "steps"
2830 steps is the commonly given number and listed on Grouse Mountain's official website. An earlier page of the same site several years ago gave the number as 2380, almost certainly indicating a transposition error of one or the other. Does the current figure represent a correction from their own data sheet, or is the transposition an error that has become stuck? I suspect that that number isn't an actual step-count but a calculated figure based on the total vertical rise of the hike, because an article, 2019
 * https://www.burrardstreetjournal.com/grouse-grind-reopens-now-with-75-more-steps/

indicates that trail reconstruction/lengthening of that year had increased the number (not given) of steps from whatever to "5,000". This figure seems exceptionally high, for one who has hiked the grind twice; but on the other hand the vast majority of steps is on the order of 6 inches or less. There is extant a full youtube video of one complete hike, ~40 minutes. If anyone with patience wants to watch the video to count the steps the lazy way, be my guest and post it here. Who cares if it's original research? This is the only way we'll get to the truth of the matter. Even Grouse Mountain concedes in their FAQ:
 * "Who counted the [2830] steps?"
 * "We don't know!..."

JohndanR (talk) 03:54, 26 March 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Grouse Mountain


text:
List of terms for administrative divisions

This is a list of English and non-English terms for administrative divisions.

English
• Bailiwick

• Border

• Borough

• Canton

• City

• Commune

• State (constituent)

• County

• Department

• District

• Duchy

• Emirate

• Federal state

• State (federative)

• Governorate

• Hundred

• Metropolitan Area

• Municipality

• Parish

• Prefecture

• Province

• Region

• Regency

• Rural district

• Shire

• Subdistrict

• Subdivision

• Subprefecture

• Town

• Township

• Village

• Viceroyalty

• Voivodeship

Non-English
This is an alphabetical list of native non-English terms for administrative divisions; some, such as arrondissement and okrug, have become English loanwords. Terms in italics are prefixes or suffixes.


text:
Talk:Cypress Provincial Park

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Hulu92. Peer reviewers: Soroushh.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 18:55, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Untitled
See talk at Category_talk:Canadian_ski_resorts regarding Cypress' categorization as a "ski resort". Thanks! --Ds13 15:12, 2005 May 27 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cypress Provincial Park


text:
User:Gbeeker

{|style="border-spacing:8px;margin:0px -8px" {|width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5" style="vertical-align:top;background-color:#f5fffa" ! About Me
 * class="MainPageBG" style="width:50%;border:1px solid #cef2e0;background-color:#f5fffa;vertical-align:top;color:#000"|
 * style="color:#000"|
 * style="color:#000"|

I've been a contributing member of the Wikipedia community since November 2004. I work in the Healthcare Computers industry as a Unix System administrator, in the Detroit, Michigan area. I am a Christian, married, geek, with two children. According to the Keirsey temperments, I am an inspector or in MBTI terminology I am an ISTJ. Gbeeker (talk) -- Oct. 2011

Recent edits

 * ConFusion — an annual science fiction convention — content and format edits
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 * }
 * class="MainPageBG" style="width:50%;border:1px solid #cedff2;background-color:#f5faff;vertical-align:top"|
 * X!s edit counter
 * My userpages
 * My userpages

My Editing Activity

 * Shawn McDonald
 * List of Unix programs 46 minor edits on this article and many more on the sub-links.

Articles I have created

 * Template:Power Architecture
 * List of songs with particularly long titles
 * tee – a Unix command to display and copy output into a file
 * test – a Unix command to evaluate conditional expressions

Other Contributions

 * Cracked
 * TRS-80
 * The Complete Wooden Nickel Recordings by Styx
 * Speaking in Tongues by Talking Heads
 * Naked by Talking Heads
 * The Big Bang Theory by Styx
 * Why Should the Fire Die? by Nickle Creek
 * }

Other wiki sites My other Wikipedia account is Unixguy.
 * commons.wikimedia.org
 * en.wikipedia.org
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 * www.mediawiki.org
 * wikisource.org

title: User:Gbeeker


text:
User:CyberRax

Yep, CyberRax... let's start out with this: there are atleast *two* different people on iNet who use that alias spelled/written exactly like this. The first is a German LAN player (seems to be a rather active person), the second is a lazy bastard from Estonia. As you might have guessed this page here belongs to the second guy. I joined Wikipedia on May 24th 2005, around 3 or so in the morning, enhancing the entry for HijackThis. The rest, as they say, is history...

Summary of myself:
 * native language's Estonian, thus my writings most likely will include errors in spelling and in the structure of sentences
 * as already said I tend to be too lazy for my own good, so full length articles most likely will never bear my name, I'd rather stick to creating stubs and enhancements existing articles
 * interested in and has some experience/knowledge with/of many things: the DOS family of operating systems, malware and its removal, cryptography, movies, C-- and assembly languages
 * in generally a rather quiet person who doesn't give much reason for noticing (that goes both for my handles and IRL)

title: User:CyberRax


text:
Tiger Army (album)

Tiger Army is the first full-length release by California psychobilly band Tiger Army, released on October 26, 1999. The band had previously recorded a vinyl EP (the Temptation EP) in 1996, and came to the attention of Tim Armstrong, the owner of Hellcat Records. Armstrong contacted Tiger Army's lead singer, Nick 13, interested in the band recording an album. Although Nick 13 did not initially have a confirmed line-up for the band, the studio line-up consisted of Nick 13, drummer Adam Carson (borrowed from AFI) and bassist Rob Peltier, from The Quakes.

The album cover is based on a poster for the 1932 Frank Buck B-movie Bring 'Em Back Alive.

Guest appearances

 * Davey Havok of AFI and Tim Armstrong of Rancid are noted as contributing backing vocals on a number of songs.

Track listing
All songs written and composed by Nick 13, except where noted.

 * 1) "Prelude: Nightfall" – 1:52
 * 2) "Nocturnal" – 2:34
 * 3) "Fog Surrounds" – 2:39
 * 4) "True Romance" – 2:18
 * 5) "Devil Girl" – 1:51
 * 6) "Never Die" – 3:00
 * 7) "Moonlite Dreams" – 2:46
 * 8) "Trance" – 2:42
 * 9) "Twenty Flight Rock" – 1:34 (Eddie Cochran Cover)
 * 10) "Werecat" – 2:06
 * 11) "Outlaw Heart" – 3:59
 * 12) "Neobamboom" – 1:55
 * 13) "Last Night" – 3:22

title: Tiger Army (album)


text:
User talk:CyberRax

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Follow the Simplified Ruleset
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 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

Meelar (talk) 15:15, May 27, 2005 (UTC)

AfD nomination of Sphinx C--
An article that you have been involved in editing, Sphinx C--, has been listed for deletion. If you are interested in the deletion discussion, please participate by adding your comments at Articles for deletion/. Thank you. J Milburn 19:03, 7 October 2007 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of CWShredder

The article CWShredder has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Antivirus software that fails WP:NSOFT and WP:GNG."

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. AleatoryPonderings (talk) 04:07, 11 September 2020 (UTC)

title: User talk:CyberRax


text:
File:AnthraxMusicOfMassDestruction.jpg

Summary
Anthrax – Music of Mass Destruction album cover.

Copyright 2004 Sanctuary Records

title: File:AnthraxMusicOfMassDestruction.jpg


text:
Admiralty Islands languages

The Admiralty Islands languages are a group of some thirty Oceanic languages spoken on the Admiralty Islands. They may include Yapese, which has proven difficult to classify.

Languages
According to Lynch, Ross, & Crowley (2002), the structure of the family is:

 * Admiralty Islands languages
 * Eastern
 * Manus
 * Southeast
 * Baluan-Pam
 * Lenkau
 * Lou
 * Nauna, Penchal
 * Western
 * Northern Kaniet and Southern Kaniet
 * Seimat
 * Wuvulu-Aua (as two languages)

As noted, Yapese and Nguluwan may be part of the Admiralty Islands languages as well.

title: Admiralty Islands languages


text:
User talk:Quenting

Hiya Quenting, I'm just letting you know that I've replied on my talk page to the comment you left. Talrias (t | e | c) 15:17, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Quenting


text:
Adam Lopez

Adam Lopez Costa (born 26 August 1975) is an Australian pop musician, vocal coach, and session vocalist. He is noted for his ability to produce extremely high notes in his whistle register and for his extensive six-octave vocal range. From 2008 to 2018, he was a Guinness World Record holder for singing the highest note (by a male) and a half step below the E in the 8th octave (E♭8). He currently heads the vocal faculty at Sheldon College's Australian School of the Arts.

Biography
Lopez was the second of three sons born to Spanish parents, Manuel Jesús López Pérez and María Del Rosario Costa Velasco. Both of his parents were musicians. Having started singing at the age of three, Lopez was a treble (boy soprano) by age ten. After finishing high school, Lopez studied voice at the Queensland Conservatorium of Music at Griffith University. He spent five years there studying opera, although he spent a total of ten years developing his distinctive vocal abilities.

In addition to solo work, Lopez has worked as a session vocalist, singing backing vocals for Mariah Carey, Debelah Morgan, Keith Urban, Vanessa Amorosi, and other Australian artists. He has also worked in television and radio.

His 2008 Latino album titled Till The End of Time features Australian jazz musician James Morrison on trumpet.

Previous World record
According to the Guinness Book of World Records, Lopez held the world record for highest vocal note produced by a male from 2008 to 2018. That pitch is designated D♯8 in note-octave notation; it is three semitones above the highest note on a standard grand piano or 4435 Hz. Before achieving this record, Lopez held the previous Guinness World Record for singing a C♯8 in 2005. On 20 January 2018, the record was surpassed by Xiao Lung Wang from China recognised by Guinness World Record for singing E8 or 5243 Hz.

Studio albums

 * 2005: The Popera EP
 * 2006: Showstopper
 * 2008: Till the End of Time
 * 2014: Kaleidoscope
 * 2017: This Heart of Mine

Singles

 * 2014: "When All Is Said And Done"
 * 2014: "Paper Boat"
 * 2015: "You / Holiday" – double single

title: Adam Lopez


text:
Northcott Theatre

The Northcott Theatre is a theatre situated on the Streatham Campus of the University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, England. It opened in 1967 and was run until 2010 by the Northcott Theatre Foundation, when the company ceased operating after a period in administration. The theatre is now known as Exeter Northcott Theatre and became a registered charity (no. 1151620) in June 2013.

History
The Northcott is the seventh building in Exeter to be used as a theatre.

In 1962, the Theatre Royal, Exeter, was demolished to be replaced by an office block; however, there were many people in Exeter who were determined that the city should not be without a theatre for very long. Early in 1962, Mr George Vernon Northcott (1891-1963) had started negotiations with the board of directors of the Theatre Royal with the view to "saving" the theatre, and its re-creation as a theatre and arts centre. A small group from the University of Exeter prepared a memorandum explaining how they saw the Theatre Royal functioning in the kind of way that Mr Northcott visualised and outlining some ideas. They submitted this memorandum to the board of directors of the Theatre Royal and to Mr Northcott. After some time, however, negotiations failed to develop and the Theatre Royal was sold.

For a time, informal discussions continued between Mr Northcott and the university, and later in 1962 more formal contacts were made. The then vice-chancellor, Sir James Cook, pointed out that the university had for some time earmarked a site for a theatre on its development plan and it was possible that, in collaboration with the university, Mr Northcott's ideas for a theatre and arts centre could be realised.

Ultimately, the university offered a site: Mr Northcott established a trust with a benefaction of £100,000 (later supplemented by donations of £50,000 from the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation and from other bodies), to establish the "Northcott Devon Theatre and Arts Centre", which would serve the needs of the community in the region. The Northcott Theatre opened with a production of The Merchant of Venice, starring Tony Church, its first Artistic Director, on 2 November 1967. Barbara Hepworth unveiled one of her sculptures in the foyer on opening night. The architects were Sir William Holford and Partners and the theatre consultant Michael Warre.

Actors who spent time in the Northcott company in their earlier careers include Polly James, Lesley Joseph, John Nettles, Robert Lindsay, Brian Protheroe, Bob Peck, Geraldine James, Paul Jesson, Joanna Tope, Caroline John, Celia Imrie, Nick Brimble and Imelda Staunton; and Nicholas Hytner professionally directed his first straight dramas here. In its first years, the company originated a number of plays of West Country interest, including new historical drama by Jack Emery and an adaptation of the Cornish Mystery Play Cycle. It also toured productions throughout the area.

The Northcott has a strong history as a producing repertory theatre, that is to say the bulk of its historical productions were staged by the company itself, rather than being brought in from elsewhere. As built the theatre was given a semicircular main house auditorium seating 433 people with an orchestra pit on a mechanical lift; being also configurable as theatre in the round or cinema. The capacity of the venue was increased in the 2007 refurbishment and it can now seat 464.

Expansion
In March 2005, the directors of the Northcott announced that planning permission and funding would be sought for a £3.1 million building project to expand front of house facilities and increase the capacity of the auditorium to 538 seats.

Having raised £2.1 million, the theatre was closed for refurbishment in January 2007 and reopened on 12 December 2007, near the fortieth anniversary of its first opening.

The refurbishment provided the following;
 * New auditorium seating
 * Additional wheelchair spaces
 * A lift to all public levels, providing full disabled access
 * Improved disabled facilities
 * Redecorated and upgraded public areas
 * Additional space for eating and drinking in the foyer
 * An enhanced entrance area
 * Refurbished and improved technical areas

The day before the rebranded Exeter Northcott reopened in December 2007, Arts Council England threatened withdrawal of its entire £547,000 annual grant. The loss of a third of the theatre's operating costs would result in a drastic cutback in production and job losses, if the theatre even managed to stay open. However, on 1 February 2008 the Arts Council England announced a reprieve for the Exeter Northcott and its continued funding.

Following the discovery of a legacy of accounting problems inherited from the previous management, the trustees placed the theatre into administration on 25 February 2010. This decision was opposed by Arts Council England which had earlier sent in a forensic accountant to investigate the extent of the problem. These investigations had not yet been completed. Geoff Myers, chairman of the theatre's trustees, said: "We took this decision with a heavy heart but when presented with the latest financial information we had no choice but to place the theatre into administration. It is to be hoped that a way can be found to effect a rescue of the theatre." Exeter City Council and the university have agreed to help find a way to save the theatre. On 5 June 2010 it was confirmed by administrators Begbies Traynor that a new company set up by the university had purchased the theatre, the Exeter Northcott Theatre Company, and the immediate future of the theatre was thought to have been secured. In September 2014 Exeter Northcott Theatre announced a new major sponsorship agreement with law firm Browne Jacobson. In 2015, under Artistic and Executive Director Paul Jepson, the theatre returned to producing its own work with A Christmas Carol followed by Betrayal, by Harold Pinter, in 2016. In 2017, the theatre made a return to producing its own pantomime with Dick Whittington, directed by Tony Lidington In January 2018 a performance exploring epilepsy and created by the theatre in collaboration with the University of Exeter, Beyond My Control, went on a national tour

Artistic directors

 * 1967–1971: Tony Church (Artistic Director), Robin Phillips (Associate Director), Bernard Goss (Writer in Residence)
 * 1971–1974: Jane Howell (Artistic Director), Jack Emery & Kevin Robinson (Associate Directors)
 * 1974–1977: Geoffrey Reeves (Artistic Director), Clive Barker (Associate Director)
 * 1978–1980: Richard Digby Day (Artistic Director), Michael Winter & Crispin Thomas (Associate Directors)
 * 1981–1985: Stewart Trotter (Artistic Director)
 * 1986–1990: George Roman (Artistic Director), Martin Harvey (Associate Director)
 * 1991–1998: John Durnin (Artistic Director), Tim Carroll (Associate Director), Charlotte Conquest & Gillian King (Assistant Directors), Robert Shearman (Writer in Residence)
 * 1998–2008: Ben Crocker (Artistic Director)
 * 2008–2010: Rebecca Manson Jones (position retitled to 'Creative Director')
 * 2015–2018: Paul Jepson (artistic and executive director)
 * 2018-2022: Daniel Buckroyd (Artistic and Executive Director)
 * 2022-2023: Kelly Johnson and Emma Stephenson (Interim Co-CEOs)
 * 2023 - : Martin Berry (Creative Director), Kelly Johnson (Director of Marketing and Development), Emma Stephenson (Director of Operations and Finance). All 3 also serve as Joint-Chief Executives.

title: Northcott Theatre


text:
Electoral division of Arafura

Arafura is an electoral division of the Legislative Assembly in Australia's Northern Territory. It was first created in 1983, and takes its name from the Arafura Sea, which adjoins the electorate. The electorate is predominantly rural, encompassing 57410 km2 in western Arnhem Land and the Tiwi Islands, and including the towns of Gunbalanya, Jabiru, Maningrida, Milikapiti and Nguiu. There were 5,183 people enrolled in the electorate as of August 2020.

History
Arafura was a safe seat for the Labor Party for most of its history. Its first MLA was Labor leader Bob Collins, who transferred to the seat from Arnhem upon the expansion of the Assembly in 1983. Collins retired 4 years later and was replaced by Stan Tipiloura. Tipiloura died of kidney failure in 1992, and was succeeded by former Australian rules footballer Maurice Rioli. Rioli retired at the 2001 election and was in turn succeeded by Marion Scrymgour. Scrymgour briefly left the Labor party in 2009 after being sacked as a minister, and retired at the 2012 election.

At that election, the CLP picked up a large and unprecedented swing in remote seats, which had traditionally been safe for Labor. Arafura was no exception, with CLP candidate Francis Xavier Kurrupuwu winning the seat on a 15 per cent swing. Kurrupuwu briefly left his party along with two other Indigenous CLP MLAs in 2014. Lawrence Costa regained the seat for Labor in 2016 as part of his party's landslide victory that year. The electorate has a particularly high Indigenous population, which has been reflected in its having been represented by five consecutive Indigenous MPs.

title: Electoral division of Arafura


text:
User:MilkMiruku

 * Click here to leave me a new message
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Hello world!
Heyo, milk here. I originally caught the wiki bug on WardsWiki and worked on Wikipedia until I decided to excert my energies on projects closer to home. I currently reside in Edinburgh, Scotland, UK, Europe, Earth, Sol. I've an HND in audio engineering, spend a fair bit of my time involved with The Forest and Beltane Fire Society plus misc other things. Now I do music event work and research on organisational practices, amongst other things. As of 2023 I have a diagnosis for ASD, ADHD and PoTS. I have rather like glowsticks. I am not MilkMan!

Interests and policies
My main interests on Wikipedia are music genres in general (see WikiProject Music genres), electronic dance music artists and record labels, subcultures and a few misc topics such as content management systems, social centres. My activities range from doing copy editing and linkifying to refactoring and article creation, and I would generally class myself as an inclusionist with semantic mediawiki tendencies and my WPT as power user. You can occasionally find me on freenode as milk. Actually scratch that, I can't be arsed being a Wikiholic any more though sometimes bother making edits and occasionally lurk in #wikipedia-en. Update; Nowdays I participate when I have time.

Guidelines and policies I'd recommend new users check out; WP:WHY, WP:BOLD, WP:POINT, WP:1RR, WP:3RR, WP:PEACOCK, WP:WEASEL, WP:GOOG, WP:BREAK, WP:L, WP:ESL. Also check out this, this and this.

Basic activity timeline

 * January 2004 - First tentative Wikipedia edit.
 * May 2005 - Made my user page, questioned a redirect.
 * June 2005 - Reverted vandalism on RSS (file format).
 * July 2005 - Started to linkify terms, make copyedits, refactor, sort layouts, etc. Got hooked.
 * August 2005 - Nominated a hoax page for deletion.
 * 9 August - 100th edit
 * 12 November - 1000th edit
 * 11 April 2006 - 2000th edit

Articles I've started

 * Mono No Aware, Distorted Circuitry, Alternative electronic, Superclub, mind.in.a.box, FFF (artist), Positive punk, Anthem trance, Warehouse (nightclub), Sonic Mayhem, List of jazz genres, Net.goth, Trickjumping, Post-industrial (music), Hard dance, Internet Protocol Control Protocol, Madras College, Ishkur's Guide to Electronic Music, Hymen Records, Technoid, Mad Contrabender, Future Sound Corporation, Midijum Records, Ad Noiseam, Ragga jungle, Enzyme Records, List of nightclubs, Patrick van Kerckhoven, Hardcore dance music, 21st Circuitry, Template:Disco music-footer, Marc Trauner, Lab 4, Rotersand, Dependent Records, Tankard, Template:Folk music, Template:Col-begin-small, Template:Hard dance-footer, Beltane Fire Festival, Responsible Reform

Articles I've done a fair bit on

 * Cyber (subculture), Glowsticking, Infest (festival), Liquid dancing, Broughty Ferry, Template:Industrial music-footer, Template:Trance music-footer, Template:Techno music-footer, Ultraviolence (band), Braid, WikiProject Music genres, Electronic body music, Hardstyle, Cyberdog (shop), Beatmatching, The Game (game), Progressive music, Celldweller, Hardcore techno, WikiProject Music genres

Notable nodes and peeps

 * Unusual articles, List of subcultures, List of post-industrial music genres and related fusion genres, List of electronic music genres, List of music genres suffixed -core, Meta-ethics, Lost (TV series), Flying Spaghetti Monster, User:MilkMiruku/List of electronic music genres (hierarchical), The Game (game)

title: User:MilkMiruku


text:
MSTS

MSTS may refer to:

 * Military Sea Transportation Service, the pre-1970 name for the Military Sealift Command of the U.S. Navy
 * Microsoft Train Simulator, a 2001 train simulator developed for Microsoft Windows

title: MSTS


text:
Talk:Tollmann's bolide hypothesis

The "Evidence", B.C.
"The 7640 BCE evidence is consistent with the dates of formation of a number of salt flats and lakes still extant in dry areas of North America and Asia, suggesting that the strikes may have occurred in oceans, causing multiple-kilometer-high waves that penetrated deeply into continents, and/or causing large amounts of saltwater to be pushed into orbit and fall down as rain, leaving salt lakes in deserts. Surface salt is always a temporary geological phenomenon, because rain dissolves salt." Where is a salt flat that can be securely dated 9590 Before Present (ie "7640 B.C.") that was formed all at once? These "dry lakes" are formed of shallow varves. The "B.C." style of dating demonstrates the context of this assertion. If this text can't be made more credible, it should be removed, unless it can simply report a quote to Tollmann to similar effect. --Wetman 15:20, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

Some Observations on Wetman's Remarks
Wetman presents very valid points in his comments. as far as Tollmann is concerned. First, Kristan-Tollmann and Tollmann (1994) contains no reference to impact-generated tsunamis having created the salt lakes. Thus, unless their book, which is difficult to get a copy of and is written in German, contains reference to the formation of salt lakes by comet impacts, the association between salt lakes and impact generated tsunamis is not part of Tollmann's hypothetical bolide theory. Rather, it appears that the association between comet impacts and salt lakes and flats was instead proposed by Uriel's Machine instead of by Dr. Kristan-Tollmann and Dr. Tollmann.

 * (Note: author of the above paragraph is Paul H. I apologize for not marking it when I wrote it.Paul H. (talk) 05:12, 5 July 2009 (UTC))

 * Same scrutiny should be applied for "large amounts of saltwater to be pushed into orbit", which is unphysical. The article seems to be a mixture of modern established theories about bolide impacts and wild unphysical additions. I think I'll add some inline templates where the physics becomes weird. For the rest, please add four tilde: ~ after your comments, so we know who wrote what. ... said: Rursus (bork²) 17:40, 3 July 2009 (UTC)

Finally, the scientific literature published, including papers published before 1999, on the salt lakes mentioned by Uriel's Machine, contain an abundance of evidence, in the form of the sediments, fossils, minerals, and dated materials, indicating that either salt lakes or salt flats existed at various times in all of these lakes prior to 7640 BC. The same literature also soundly refutes that the claim that change from fresh water to either salt water or salt flats occurred in these lakes precisely at 7640 BC.

Great Salt Lake, which is discussed in Uriel's Machine, is an example of the fictional nature of the claims it makes about salt lakes. Detailed studies of the sedimentology, chronology, mineralogy, palynology, and paleontology of the sediments underlying the Great Salt Lake demonstrate that is has been a salt flat numerous times in its history. For example, Spencer and others (1984, 1985) demonstrates that the Great Salt Lake was an ephemeral saline lake - playa lake prior to 30,000 BC C14. They also offer abundant evidence in the form of mirabilite beds, carbonate crusts, sediments containing brine shrimp eggs and the remains of brine shrimp, and so forth that the Great Salt Lake became a salt lake about 12,000 BC C14. For the Great Salt Lake, the fresh to salt lake transition occurred thousands of years before Uriel's Machine claims it became salty as the result of tsunamis caused by comet impacts. Thus, it is impossible for either their hypothetical comet impacts or even any event dating to 7640 BC to have been responsible for the fresh water to salt transformation in case of the Great Salt Lake.

In case of another salt lake mentioned in Uriel's Machine, Lake Van, the prehistory of changes in its lake level and salinity, as reconstructed by Landmann and others (1996), is also impossible to explain in terms of tsunamis generated by comet impacts about 7640 BC. In the past 20,000 years, the maximum salinity in Lake Van occurred not after the hypothesized impacts as argued in Uriel's Machine. Instead the maximum salinity occurred between 14,000 and 12,000 BC, some 6,360 to 4,360 years before and not after the time, which comet impacts are argued to have occurred. Sometime around 13,000 BC, Lake Van was likely a salt flat over 5,000 years before 7640 BC. After 12,000 BC, Lake Van's salinity decreased and lake level rose, with a couple of significant fluctuations, until about 5,500 BC as dated by varve counts. Over this period of time, Lake Van went from a salt flat to salt lake and finally a fresh water lake, instead of from fresh to salt lake as implied in Uriel's Machine. Contrary to was is claimed in Uriel's Machine, the data and interpretations provided by Landmann (1996) reveals a complete lack of any correlation between changes in salinity and lake level and the catastrophic tsunamis hypothesized in Uriel's Machine and a complete lack of any physical evidence for such a tsunamis. As in case of the Great Salt Lake, Uriel's Machine completely ignores observations, data, and interpretations, which completely refutes its arguments instead of addressing them. Numerous other published papers also refute the claims made in Uriel's Machine about other salt lakes lacking evidence of "salt flats / salt lakes existing before 7640 BC and the transition from fresh water to salt water occurring exactly at 7640 BC.

References Cited

Kristan-Tollmann, E. and A. Tollmann, 1994, "The youngest big impact on Earth deduced from geological and historical evidence", Terra Nova, v. 6, no. 2, pp. 209-217.

Landmann, G., and A. Reimer, 1996, "Climatically induced lake level changes at Lave Van, Turkey, during the Pleistocene/Holocene transition", Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 10, no. 4, pp. 797-808.

Spencer, R.J., M.J. Baedecker, H.P. Eugster, R.M. Forester, M.B. Goldhaber, B.F. Jones, K. Kelts, J. Mckenzie, D.B. Madsen, S.L. Rettig, M. Rubin, and C.J. Bowser, 1984, "Great Salt Lake, and precursors, Utah: The last 30,000 year", Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 86, no. 4, pp. 321-334.

Spencer, R.J., Eugster, H.P., and Jones, B.F., 1985, "Geochemistry of Great Salt Lake, Utah II: Pleistocene-Holocene evolution", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 49, no. 3, pp. 739-747.

 * (Note: author of the above text is Paul H. I apologize for not marking it when I wrote it.Paul H. (talk) 05:12, 5 July 2009 (UTC))

title: Talk:Tollmann's bolide hypothesis


text:
Talk:Maxwell coil

Would someone provide and validate the field lines for this as in the Helmholtz pictorial.

Image
This article would benefit greatly from an illustration Hotjellysnowman 15:14, 5 March 2007 (UTC)

The picture is incorrect in that the dimensions of radius and separation are switched around (see refs). A new picture, perhaps with field lines as suggested would be of real benefit here. DanielSlaughter (talk) 04:20, 20 February 2008 (UTC)

Article
I've deleted "It can develop magnetic field gradients along the direction of the main field," added by 204.56.7.1. It doesn't make sense. The whole purpose of the device is to eliminate magnetic field gradients as much as possible.--76.81.180.3 (talk) 20:29, 21 November 2007 (UTC)

Major edit, including some references and mention of the two apparently different versions (note the are both mentioned together in Maxwell's original publication). DanielSlaughter (talk) 04:20, 20 February 2008 (UTC)

Unreferenced material in description section.
The description of the Maxwell coil is referenced from a paper written by Maxwell himself.

The description claims that Maxwell specified the ratio of the "ampere-turns [effectively turns if they carry the same current] of each of the smaller coils should be "exactly $$\frac{2}{\sqrt{7}}$$ of the middle coil".

There then follows a discussion that Maxwell's original design was not as good as it could have been in that he should have used all manner of other numbers of turns and in particular, that he should have used 48 turns on the middle coil instead of the 49 specified in his work.

In fact Maxwell's paper never mentions the ratio of the turns of the coils. He simply states that the number of turns on the middle (large) coil is 64 turns and the number on each of the small coils is 49 without ever discussing where the numbers came from. Indeed the ratio $$\frac{2}{\sqrt{7}}$$ is not mentioned at all in connection with the design.

The ratio $$\frac{2}{\sqrt{7}}$$ is unreferenced, and James Clerk Maxwell would have been very unlikely to make such a schoolboy error in calculating the number of turns required, if that ratio is correct.

It follows that the subsequent discussion about numbers of turns based on this unreferenced and probably invented ratio is also unreferenced and very likely original research (see WP:OR for more). An IP has already removed the discussion, but it was subsequently restored claiming that the maths is correct (which it probably is - I haven't checked it). However, it is based on the unreferenced claim.

Maxwell's paper makes great mention of the inability to position the parts with the required degree of accuracy and would certainly render the 0.5% improvement claimed (from 48 turns instead of 49) practically unobtainable - if, indeed, the improvement were theoretically possible - which has not be proven. It is also not clear if the galvanometer using the coils (which is what the paper is actually discussing) would benefit from such a small difference.

The ratios for the radius and positioning of the coils is not under dispute as these are stated by Maxwell in his paper. -RFenergy (talk) 14:35, 13 August 2020 (UTC)

 * I tried to find other sources for the ratio of the number of windings on the coils. I found a disjointed illustration which gave the ratio as $49/64$ but as it was not related to any text, I preferred to look for something better. I then found a site for a software simulator, and it too gives the ratio as $49/64$.
 * However, I did discover, that the article did quote the $49/64$ ratio before being altered to the (now apparently) incorrect ratio back in November of last year. Since this is referenced from Maxwell's work, I have restored this figure along with the similarly sourced additional point about removing variations up to the 6th order derivative. From the edit summary: the revised ratio claims to have been derived from a home attempt at constructing such a coil. This very definitely qualifies the change as original research which is forbidden.
 * Any other ratios or information should not be added to the article unless they are supported by a reliable and verifiable source that has more authority than Maxwell himself. 81.157.153.155 (talk) 13:29, 14 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Only Allah knows the true answer 65.24.123.196 (talk) 23:23, 17 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Maxwell coil


text:
File:Totale's Turns.jpg

Summary
Sleeve of The Fall's 1980 LP Totale's Turns (It's Now or Never)

title: File:Totale's Turns.jpg


text: Talk:Dinitrogen oxide

title: Talk:Dinitrogen oxide


text: Category:WikiProject New Zealand

title: Category:WikiProject New Zealand


text:
User talk:BryanWhite5858

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Follow the Simplified Ruleset
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
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 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

Meelar (talk) 15:23, May 27, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:BryanWhite5858


text:
User talk:Welvilly

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Follow the Simplified Ruleset
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

Meelar (talk) 15:23, May 27, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Welvilly


text:
Bernard Lemaire

Bernard Lemaire (May 6, 1936 – November 8, 2023) was a Canadian businessman. He was the Chairman of the Board of Cascades Inc., a Canadian manufacturer of packaging products, tissue products, and fine papers products.

Biography
Born in Drummondville, Quebec, Lemaire studied civil engineering at the Université de Sherbrooke and McGill University. In 1960, he joined the family recycling business, Drummond Pulp & Fibre. In 1963, along with his father and brother, Laurent, he founded Papier Cascades Inc. (which later became Cascades Inc.). He was President and Chief Executive Officer of the company until 1992.

Under Lemaire's presidency Cascades grew from a small paper mill in Kingsey Falls, Quebec, into a multi-national company with 90 plants and 11,000 employees in Canada, the United States and France.

In 1987, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada, the centrepiece of Canada's honours system which recognizes a lifetime of achievement and merit of a high degree, especially in service to Canada or to humanity at large. In 2002, he was awarded the Chevalier de l'Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur of France.

Upon his retirement from Cascades, Lemaire began a cattle ranch that quickly grew to 1,000 head of highland cattle. His natural, hormone-free cattle are still marketed at the local grocery stores, IGA, Avril Health Supermarkets, butchers and restaurants.

Lemaire died on November 8, 2023, at the age of 87.

title: Bernard Lemaire


text:
South Bass Island

South Bass Island is a small island in western Lake Erie, and a part of Ottawa County, Ohio, United States. It is the southernmost of the three Bass Islands and located 3 miles (4.6 km) from the south shore of Lake Erie. It is the third largest island in the Lake Erie Islands, and is part of Put-in-Bay Township. In the bay of South Bass is Gibraltar Island, home to the Ohio State University's Stone Laboratory.

The island is a popular recreation spot and is often referred to as the "Key West of Lake Erie." The village of Put-in-Bay is a popular tourist destination during the summer. It is served by ferry from nearby Port Clinton and Sandusky, both on the mainland. The island is the annual host of the Inter-Lake Yachting Association regatta, known as Bay Week.

Perry's Victory and International Peace Memorial, including Perry's Monument, commemorates the Battle of Lake Erie, which the United States won during the War of 1812. It is located on South Bass Island, near Put-In-Bay.

Geography
Approximately 3.7 mi long and 1.5 mi wide and comprises 1588.3 acre, the island is separated by an isthmus into a smaller, residential northeastern side (East Point) and a southwestern side that contains an airfield and the village center of Put-in-Bay, the island's only incorporated community. The island is 3 mi north of the nearest point on the mainland (Scott Point in the peninsular Catawba Island Township) and approximately 10 mi north northeast of Port Clinton, Ohio, and 14 mi north northwest of Sandusky, Ohio. As of the 2000 census there were 631 residents on the island.

Access
Transportation to the island via car, bike, or walk-ons is provided by ferries from the Miller Boat Line (departing from the northern point of Catawba Island), and Jet Express (departing from Port Clinton, Sandusky, and Lorain, Ohio). Other boat access is provided by various charter boat companies in the area. The island also has a small airport. Golf carts are a popular method of transportation on the island.

Notable residents

 * John Brown Jr.

Representation in other media

 * Pamela F. Service's 'tween' novel Phantom Victory (1994), features a main character, Terri, who lives on South Bass Island and works at the excavation of the historic Victory hotel, which burned down in 1919.

title: South Bass Island


text:
Financial Secretary (Hong Kong)

The Financial Secretary is the title held by the Hong Kong government minister who is responsible for all economic and financial matters (“Department of Finance” per Article 60 of the Basic Law). The position is among the three most senior Principal Officials of the Government, second only to the Chief Secretary in the order of precedence (but not subordinate to the CS). Together with other secretaries, the Financial Secretary is accountable to the Legislative Council and the Chief Executive (the Governor before the 1997 transfer of sovereignty) for his actions in supervising the formulation and implementation of financial and economic policies.

The position evolved out of the office of the Colonial Treasurer before 1940. The Financial Secretary is a member of the Executive Council, and gives advice to the Chief Executive in that capacity. He is also responsible for delivering the annual budget to the Legislative Council. To date, it is the only office among the three highest Principal Officials of the Government (Chief Secretary, Financial Secretary, and Secretary for Justice/Attorney General) not to have been occupied by a woman.

The incumbent Financial Secretary is Paul Chan Mo-po.

Secretaries and treasurers to the Superintendent, 1842–1844

 * Edward Elmslie, 1842–1843
 * Charles Edward Stewart, 1843–1844

Financial secretaries, 1997–present
Political party:

Residence
The Financial Secretary's residence is on 45 Shouson Hill Road in Deep Water Bay. It is listed as a grade 2 building. Described as a two-story neo-Georgian style residence built in 1935 and originally owned by Sir Shouson Chow as his own residence. The first Financial Secretary who moved into the building was Sir Charles Geoffrey Shield Follows.

title: Financial Secretary (Hong Kong)


text:
Battle of Imbros (1717)

The Battle of Imbros was a naval clash that took place on 12, 13 and 16 June 1717 near Imbros in the Aegean Sea, between the sailing fleets of Venice and the Ottoman Empire. The outnumbered Venetian Armada Grossa, under the Capitano Straordinario delle Navi Lodovico Flangini, proved herself able to match a superior Turkish force under the Kapudan Pasha Hodja Ibrahim Pasha in a manoeuvred fight that lasted nearly ten days. The outcome of this tough battle was unclear, since both fleet retired to their bases badly damaged, after Flangini died of wounds on the 22nd.

Prelude
The Venetians had left Corfu on 10 May 1717 with 25 battleships, hoping to intercept the Ottomans still inside the Dardanelles. After reaching the island of Zante, their fleet was joined on 18 May by Gloria Veneta. On 26 May the Armada Grossa left Zante with eighteen transport ships, sailing towards the Dardanelles Strait, and on 8 June dropped anchors south of Imbros. From here, two corvettes were sent towards the Straits, where they found that the Ottoman fleet was composed of 34 battleships and 6 berbery ships.

On 10 June at 9am the scouts reported that the Ottoman fleet were leaving the Dardanelles with 38 battleships and 6 galliots. Strong winds damaged some Venetian ships and forced them to remain at anchors. It was impossible to weather Imbros, so Flangini formed a line on the starboard tack heading toward Thasos. In the meantime the Ottoman fleet had anchored just outside the Dardanelles.

12 June
For two days Flangini tried to reach a favorable position, but the strong adverse winds forced him to give up and anchor in lee of Imbros at about 12pm on 12 June. The wind then suddenly turned ENE, in favour of the Ottomans, who promptly set sails. Because of the current, they reached the Venetians before there was time to form a correct line and Flangini signalled to form up in any order. At 3:30pm fighting began in the Rear with 8 Ottoman ships attacking Colomba, Trionfo, flagship of Flangini's second in command, the Capitano delle Navi Marcantonio Diedo, and San Lorenzo.

At 4:30pm, the Ottoman fleet divided into two divisions, the first, with lighter ships, sailed towards the Venetians rear, while the other, under Kapudan Pasha Hodja Ibrahim Pasha, headed to the vanguard. Shortly after, Colomba was hit twice below the waterline and, leaking badly, was forced to leave the line. After further fighting, by about 9pm the Ottoman ships retreated, when one of their fireships was sunk trying to set afire Trionfo. In the vanguard, the Venetians had formed a good line of 1st-rates: at about 6pm these were attacked by the main group of Ottoman ships, and the fighting last till about 9pm. That night the damaged Venetians sailed westward. German troops aboard the heavy damaged Colomba nearly mutinied and were transferred on the San Gaetano. Venetian so far suffered 183 deads and 394 wounded, of which 98 aboard the Trionfo; Captain Damian Pendesich of the Terror was killed, and Iseppo Caenazzo, flag captain of Marcantonio Diedo on the Trionfo, had been seriously wounded. According to the despatches sent by Flangini and Diedo, the Venetian fleet suffered damage to some sails and unimportant spars, while a manuscript account spoke of four top mizzen masts lost, several upper-deck guns dismounted on the Leon Trionfante and the fore topmast lost on the San Pietro.

13–14 June
On 13 June the Venetians were near the western end of Lemnos, with the Ottoman fleet to the north. Flangini formed a line on the starboard tack. Colomba was to leeward, its place taken by Corona. Towards evening the Ottoman fleet sailed before a north wind and nearly cut off Trionfo and San Lorenzo, which had dropped back. Flangini turned to support his second in command, and at the same time the wind turned to the west, putting him to windward. With the loss of the wind gauge, the Ottomans retired after only two of their ships had opened fire, and disappeared in the darkness.

At daybreak on the 14th, the Venetians, having kept on the starboard tack with the wind blowing NNW, were between Lemnos and Mount Athos, with the Ottoman fleet to windwards. Flangini held on sailing westward, while the Ottoman fleet turned and stood towards the island of Lemnos.

16 June
On 15 June the Venetians were becalmed between Mount Athos and Strati. They sailed north slightly in an attempt to get the wind gauge, but on 16 June the Ottoman fleet appeared to windward (NE). Flangini tried to form a NNW line but some ships couldn't keep station and he formed an ESE line instead. At about 9am fighting began in the Van and included all of the line in about 30 minutes. Flangini, hit at midday by a musket ball in the neck, fell unconscious and was at first believed dead, just as the nearly dismasted flagship of Hodja Ibrahim Pasha was towed out of the battle line by two galiots. At 2:30 pm, after 5 hours of fighting, the Ottoman fleet withdrew towards Lemnos with 6 ships more or less dismasted and the Venetians, left without orders, lost an opportunity of going about and getting the wind gauge, and instead retired to Thermia. The Venetian fleet lost this day 261 killed and 543 wounded: Flangini's flagship, the Leon Trionfante, lost 87 killed and wounded, and her next astern, the Madonna dell'Arsenal, 109. Flangini's despatch of 21 June accounted for 833 casualties, making about 1390 casualties for the whole battle.

Aftermath
The following day, the Venetian fleet lay becalmed, and on the 18th Flangini recovered well enough – or Diedo ultimately took command, the situation is unclear – to set sail for repairs at Skyros or Andros, but the wind that blew hard from north made the weather so bad that it was not possible to bring up before reaching Thermia, 50 mi south of Negropont, in the evening of 19 June. On the 22nd the Venetian fleet was disturbed by seven Ottoman ships, that attacked the scouts. Flangini, who asked to be brought on his ship's deck to direct the operation even in his dire condition, weighted anchors and formed a battle line, forcing the Ottomans to withdraw. Exhausted by those last efforts, Flangini died later that day, and Diedo succeeded him.

The Rear Admiral assessed that his fleet needed to be reinforced before he could successfully re-engage the Ottomans. As a result, he retired to the south of Morea, where he hoped to find his superior in command, the Capitano Generale da Mar Andrea Pisani.

Diedo brought the fleet to Marathonisi, north to Cape Matapan, where he dropped anchors on 28 June. There he was joined, on 1 July, by the vessel Fortuna Guerriera and the allied squadron of seven Portuguese and two Maltese ships under the pontifical General Lieutenant Chevalier de Bellefontaine. Pisani also arrived with the Armada Sottile (the galley fleet) on the 12th. This situation evolved in the following Battle of Matapan.

Venice

 * Red Division – Vanguard
 * Leon Trionfante (Triumphant Lion) 70 guns (flagship of Capitano Straordinario delle Navi Lodovico Flangini)
 * Aquila Valiera (Valieran Eagle) 70 guns
 * Grand'Alessandro (Big Alexander) 70 guns
 * Costanza (Constance) 70 guns
 * Madonna de l'Arsenal (Madonna of the Arsenal) 68 guns
 * San Francesco da Paola 60 guns
 * Fenice (Phoenyx) 60 guns
 * Sant'Andrea 60 guns
 * Corona (Crown) 74 guns
 * Yellow Division – Center
 * Madonna della Salute (Madonna of Health) 70 guns
 * Terror 70 guns (flagship of Capitano delle Navi Marcantonio Diedo)
 * San Pietro Apostolo, bought in Malta, 50 guns
 * Nostra Signora del Rosario, bought in Genua, 58 guns
 * Gloria Veneta (Venetian Glory) 68 guns
 * Nettuno (Neptune) 52 guns
 * Aquiletta (Little Eagle), also reported as Aquila Volante, 52 guns
 * Fede Guerriera (Warrior Faith) 60 guns
 * Blue Division – Rearguard
 * San Pio Quinto (Saint Pius V) 68 guns
 * Sacra Lega (Holy League) 50 guns
 * Valor Coronato (Crowned Valour) 52 guns
 * San Gaetano 68 guns
 * Rosa (Rose), also reported as Rosa Moceniga, 60 guns
 * Venezia Trionfante (Triumphant Venice), 52 guns
 * Trionfo (Triumph) 70 guns
 * San Lorenzo Zustinian II 70 guns
 * Colomba d'oro (Golden Dove), also reported as Colomba, 70 guns
 * Out of the battle line
 * Ercole Vittorioso (Victorious Heracles) 44 guns
 * 4 fireships
 * 3 signal ships
 * 2 corvettes
 * 1 armed merchant
 * 2 other ships

Ottoman Empire

 * Kebir Üç Ambarlı (The Great Three Decker) 114 guns/1500 crew,
 * Ejder Başlı (The Dragon) 900 crew,
 * Şadırvan Kıçlı (The Sprinkling Fountain) 66 guns/750 crew,
 * Siyah At Başlı (The Black Horse) 750 crew,
 * Çifte Ceylan Kıçlı (The Two Gazelles) 70 guns/900 crew,
 * Beyaz At Başlı (The White Horse) 66 guns/750 crew,
 * Kula At Başlı (The Grey Horse) 700 crew,
 * Yaldızlı Hurma (The Gilded Date) 70guns/750 crew,
 * Büyük Gül Başlı (The Great Rose) 66 guns/700 crew,
 * Yılan Başlı (The Snake) 34 guns/750 crew (unique ship with 2x"üç kantar" monster guns firing marble balls),
 * Ifrit Başlı (The Demon) 62 guns/650 crew,
 * Çifte Teber Kıçlı (Two Halberds) 58 guns,
 * Küçük Gül Başlı (The Little Rose) 60 guns/600 crew,
 * Zülfikâr Kıçlı (The Two Pointed Sword) 56 guns/650 crew,
 * Akçaşehir (Town of Akçaşehir) 56 guns/600 crew,
 * Al At Başlı (The Red Horse) 450 crew,
 * Servi Bagçeli (The Cypress Garden) 54 guns/500 crew,
 * Siyah Arslan Başlı (The Black Lion),
 * Ay Bagçeli (The Moon Garden) 54 guns/450 crew,
 * Yıldız Bagçeli (The Star Garden) 58 guns/450 crew,
 * Yaldızlı Nar Kıçlı (The Gilded Grenade) 52 guns/450 crew,
 * Yeşil Kuşaklı (Green Belted) 400 crew,
 * Sarı Kuşaklı (Yellow Belted) 54 guns/400 crew,
 * Kırmızı Kuşaklı (Red Belted) 52 guns/400 crew,
 * Mavi Arslan Başlı (The Blue Lion) 44 guns/400 crew,
 * Taç Başlı (The Crown),
 * Yıldız Kıçlı (The Star) 40 guns/300 crew,
 * Güneş Kıçlı (The Sun) 44 guns/300 crew,
 * Mavi Kıçlı Karavele (The Blue Caravella) 38 guns/250 crew,
 * Kuş Bagçeli Karavele (The Bird Garden Caravella) 44 guns/300 crew

title: Battle of Imbros (1717)


text:
Astures

The Astures or Asturs, also named Astyrs, were the Hispano-Celtic inhabitants of the northwest area of Hispania that now comprises almost the entire modern autonomous community of the Principality of Asturias, the modern province of León, and the northern part of the modern province of Zamora (all in Spain), and eastern Trás os Montes in Portugal. They were a horse-riding highland cattle-raising people who lived in circular huts of stone drywall construction. The Albiones were a major tribe from western Asturias. Isidore of Seville gave an etymology as coming from a river Astura, identified by David Magie as the Órbigo River in the plain of León, and by others as the modern Esla River.

Location
The Asturian homeland encompassed the modern autonomous community of Asturias and the León, eastern Lugo, Orense, and northern Zamora provinces, along with the northeastern tip of the Portuguese region of Trás-os-Montes. Here they held the towns of Lancia (Villasabariego – León), Asturica (Astorga – León), Mons Medullius (Las Medulas? – León), Bergidum (Cacabelos, near Villafranca del Bierzo – León), Bedunia (Castro de Cebrones – León), Aliga (Alixa? – León), Curunda (Castro de Avelãs, Trás-os-Montes), Lucus Asturum (Lugo de Llanera – Asturias), Brigaetium (Benavente – Zamora), and Nemetobriga (A Pobra de Trives – Ourense), which was the religious center.

Origins
The Astures may have been part of the early Hallstatt expansion that left the Bavarian-Bohemian homeland and migrated into Gaul, some continuing over the mountains into Spain and Portugal. By the 6th century BC, they occupied castros (hillforts), such as Coanna and Mohias near Navia on the coast of the Bay of Biscay. From the Roman point-of-view, expressed in the brief remarks of the historians Florus, epitomising Livy, and Orosius, the Astures were divided into two factions, following the natural division made by the alpine karst mountains of the Picos de Europa range: the Transmontani (located in the modern Asturias, "beyond"— that is, north of— the Picos de Europa) and Cismontani (located on the "near" side, in the modern area of León). The Transmontani, placed between the Navia River and the central massif of the Picos de Europa, comprised the Iburri, Luggones, Paesici, Paenii, Saelini, Vinciani, Viromenici and Baedunienses; the Cismontani included the Amaci, Cabruagenigi, Lancienses, Lougei, Tiburi, Brigaecini, Orniaci, Superatii, Gigurri, Zoelae and Susarri (which dwelled around Asturica Augusta, in the Astura river valley, and was the main Astur town in Roman times). Prior to the Roman conquest in the late 1st century BC, they were united into a tribal federation with the mountain-top citadel of Asturica (Astorga) as their capital.

Culture
Recent epigraphic studies suggest that they spoke a ‘Q-Celtic’ language akin to the neighbouring Gallaeci Lucenses and Braccarenses (see Gallaecia). Although the Celtic language was lost during the Roman era, it still endures in many names of villages and geographical features, mostly associated to Celtic deities: the parish of Taranes and the villages of Tereñes, Táranu, Tarañu and Torañu related to the god Taranis, the parish of Lugones related to the god Lugus or the parish of Beleño related to the god Belenus, just to name a few.

According to classic authors, their family structure was matrilineal, whereby the woman inherits the ownership of property. The Astures lived in hill forts, established in strategic areas and built with round walls in today's Asturias and the mountainous areas of León, and with rectangular walls in flatter areas, similarly to their fellow Galicians. Their warrior class consisted of men and women and both sexes were considered fierce fighters.

Religion
Most of their tribes, like the Lugones, worshipped the Celtic god Lugh, and references to other Celtic deities like Taranis or Belenos still remain in the toponomy of the places inhabited by the Astures. They may have venerated the deity Busgosu.

Way of life
The Astures were vigorous hunter-gatherer highlanders who raided Roman outposts in the lowlands; a reputation enhanced by ancient authors, such as Florus ("Duae validissmae gentes, Cantabriae et Astures, immunes imperii agitabant") and Paulus Orosius ("duas fortissimas Hispaniae gentes"), but archeological evidence confirms that they also engaged in stock-raising in mountain pastures, complemented by subsistence farming on the slopes and in the lower valleys. They mostly reared sheep, goats, a few oxen and a local breed of mountain horse famed in Antiquity, the Asturcon, which still exists today. According to Pliny the Elder, these were small-stature saddle horses, slightly larger than ponies, of graceful walk and very fast, being trained for both hunting and mountain warfare.

During a large part of the year they used acorns as a staple food source, drying and powdering them and using the flour for a type of easily preserved bread; from their few sown fields that they had during the pre-Roman period, they harvested barley from which they produced beer (Zythos), as well as wheat and flax. Due to the scarcity of their agricultural production, as well as their strong war-like character, they made frequent incursions into the lands of the Vaccaei, who had a much more developed agriculture. Lucan calls them "Pale seekers after gold" ("Asturii scrutator pallidus auri").

History
The Astures entered the historical record in the late 3rd century BC, being listed amongst the Iberian Peninsula mercenaries of Hasdrubal Barca's army at the battle of Metaurus River in 207 BC. Silius Italicus also mentions an Astur mercenary contingent in Hannibal's army, led by a chieftain named Cydnus. After the 2nd Punic War, their history is less clear. Rarely mentioned in the sources regarding the Lusitanian, Celtiberian or Roman Civil Wars of the 2nd and 1st centuries BC, they re-emerged from a relative obscurity just prior to the outbreak of the first Astur-Cantabrian war in the late 1st century BC.

Led by Gausón, a former mercenary commander, the Astures joined forces with the Cantabri to resist Emperor Augustus's conquest of the whole of the Iberian northwest, even backing an unsuccessful Vaccaei revolt in 29 BC. The campaign against the Astures and Cantabri tribes proved so difficult that it required the presence of the emperor himself to bolster the seven legions and one naval squadron involved. The first Roman campaign against the Astures (the Bellum Asturicum), which commenced in the spring of 26 BC, was successfully concluded in 25 BC with the ceremonial surrender of Mons Medullus to Augustus in person, allowing the latter to return to Rome and ostentatiously close the gates of the temple of Janus that same year. The reduction of the remaining Asture holdouts was entrusted to Publius Carisius, the legate of Lusitania, who, after managing to trap Gauson and the remnants of his troops at the hillfort of Lancia, subsequently forced them to surrender when he threatened to set fire to the town. The Astures were subdued by the Romans but were never fully conquered, and their tribal way of life changed very little.

As far as the official Roman history was concerned, the fall of this last redoubt marked the conclusion of the conquest of the Asturian lands, which henceforth were included alongside Gallaecia and Cantabria into the new Transduriana Province under the suffect consul Lucius Sestius Albanianus Quirinalis. This was followed by the establishment of military garrisons at Castrum Legio VII Gemina (León) and Petavonium (Rosinos de Vidriales – Zamora), along with colonies at Asturica Augusta (Astorga) and Lucus Asturum (Lugo de Llanera – Asturias).

In spite of the harsh pacification policies implemented by Augustus, the Asturian country remained an unstable region subjected to sporadic revolts – often carried out in collusion with the Cantabri – and persistent guerrilla activity that kept the Roman occupation forces busy until the mid-1st century AD. New risings occurred in 24–22 BC (the 2nd Astur-Cantabrian War), in 20–18 BC (3rd Astur-Cantabrian 'War') – sparked off by runaway Cantabrian slaves returning from Gaul – both of which were brutally quashed by General Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa and again in 16–13 BC when Augustus crushed the last joint Astur-Cantabrian rebellion.

Romanization
Incorporated into the Roman province of Hispania Tarraconensis, the assimilation of the Asturian region into the Roman world was a slow and hazardous process, with its partially romanized people retaining the Celtic language, religion and much of their ancient culture throughout the Roman Imperial period. This included their martial traditions, which enabled them to provide the Roman Army with several auxiliary cavalry and infantry units (Ala I Asturum, Ala II Asturum, Cohors I Asturum, Cohors II Asturum, Cohors V Asturum, Cohors VI Asturum, Cohors I Asturum et Callaecorum) that participated in Emperor Claudius's invasion of Britain in AD 43–60, and which continued to serve into the late Empire. However, epigraphic evidence in the form of an inscribed votive stele dedicated by a Primipilus Centurion of Legio VI Victrix decorated for bravery in action confirms that the Astures staged a revolt in AD 54, prompting another vicious guerrilla war – unrecorded by surviving ancient sources – that lasted for fourteen years but the situation was finally calm around AD 68.

The early Middle Ages
During the Germanic invasions, the Astures resisted Suevi and Visigoth raids throughout the 5th century AD, only to be ultimately defeated and absorbed into the Visigothic Kingdom by the Visigothic King Sisebut in the early 6th century AD. However, the Astures continued to rebel, with King Wamba sending an expedition to the Asturian lands only twenty years before the Muslim invasion of the peninsula and the fall of the Visigothic kingdom. The Astures chose Pelagius of Asturias as their leader and in due course formed the Kingdom of Asturias.

Legacy
At a later date, in the beginning of the Reconquista period in the early Middle Ages, their name was preserved in the medieval Kingdom of Asturias and in the modern town of Astorga, León, whose designation still reflects its early Roman name of Asturica Augusta, the "Augustan settlement of the Astures".

title: Astures


text:
Category:Chief Secretaries of Hong Kong

Chief Secretaries and Colonial Secretaries of Hong Kong.

title: Category:Chief Secretaries of Hong Kong


text:
User:Welvilly

Welvilly is not a real name.

title: User:Welvilly


text: User talk:207.245.75.2

title: User talk:207.245.75.2


text:
Talk:Father Grigori

Survives or not?
He survives. If you stick around while he's fending off the zombies, he eventually kills all of them and runs back down the same path, laughing madly. That man is indestructable. CABAL 15:28, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't think so. Maybe in game, but he's not indestructable. I've used the Garry's Mod and rezzed him and large number of zombies (probably more than in that scene), along with a couple of squads of Combine troops and MetroCops, in a sort of homage to Dawn of the Dead, and have seen him fall from getting surrounded by fast zombies and poison zombies. So, he can be killed.--YoungFreud 23:53, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

 * You can kill the G-Man too in Garry's Mod, right? That's certainly not canon. CABAL 06:24, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Good point. I'll have to look at some of the inputs to see if there's a health listing for him. Yes, G-Man can be killed. He can actually be killed by Combine NPCs, their AI considers him an instant enemy. Conversely, I think Breen's considered neutral by the Citizen/Rebel AI, since I've yet to see them take a shot at him. --YoungFreud 23:09, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

About him dying, when I went through the gate, something behind him bursted in flames (I believe it was just a barrel but I'm not sure...) After that I didn't see him anymore but I still heard his laughter as he dissapeared in the fire while shooting the zombies. It was probally coincidental. But it sure looked cool. --Ice Cream Reaver 22:51, 7 December 2005 (UTC)

 * I was curious about that too. After Grigori let me under the gate, I set noclip and notarget (so that I can go through walls and zombies don't attack me). I tried this 4 times, and every time it's the same. Father fights zombies, backs into the little building (tomb?) and, after shooting zombies for about a minute, his model disappears. I think that Valve intended it to be unclear what happens to Father Grigori. Well, let's just wait for the Aftermath to come out - just 2 more months to go. Matveims 22:24, 5 February 2006 (UTC)

Personally I think its up to the players own imagination, however here are some personal point of view that argue Father Grigori survive the onslaught at the end. hanchi 22:16 February 4
 * He been in Ravenholm for quite a long timem way before Gordon Freeman resistance appear (by looking at Grigoris various traps and trace of bodies, it is assumed that he set up those traps for a long time). This shows that Grigori knows how to take care of himself in this harsh zombie infested town.
 * If he prefer to stay and "tend his flock" instead of running away with Gordon (knowing that there is a way out of Ravenholm) it means Grigori been in much more worse situation before. This will safely assume he survive the onslaught. Also I am sure the developer couldnt be bothered to make a long animated sequence of Grigori battling the Zombies, why not instead of spending their time to finish the coding of the main storyline. :)
 * Also, he is unpredictable. I am sure that his survival depends on the "fans" if they want him back. If he is a popular character, I am sure Valve will give him a cameo apperance. Also I think there is a mod that is being made, in which the setting is a zombie infested total conversion.

 * He is NOT present in Episode One (Formerly aftermath). Just to note in this area. Userpie 21:06, 4 June 2006 (UTC)

 * He may not appear in Ep. 1, but considering he's in Ravenholm and Ep. 1 takes place in City 17, maybe the reason for his non-appearance is simply that Freeman doesn't go to an area where meeting Grigori is possible. And there's 2 more Episodes to go; maybe he'll raise his shiny head there. Crimson Shadow 21:52, 4 June 2006 (UTC)

 * No appearance in Episode two either. Darkeye11547 21:27, 14 October 2007 (UTC)

Grigori can be killed while holding the gate open. Happened to me once. --Name Theft Victim 21:52, 20 June 2006 (UTC)

 * When I got to that part, Grigori entered the nearby tomb and continued to fire upon the zombies from the entrance for about a minute (laughing the whole time, of course) before disappearing inside. Who knows? Perhaps if I had remained longer, I would have seen him reemerge and run back in the direction of the church, as CABAL claims to have witnessed.--Sephiroth2.0 02:49, 25 December 2006 (UTC)

 * I've run through Half-Life 2 twice. The first time I played it, Father Grigori screamed in pain as he was encased by the zombies in the small tomb. The second time, he managed to dispose of them all and simply retreated back into the tomb, laughing. Based on those two occurrences, I think that his fate may merely be considered ambiguous. Either way, we'll never see him again in the series, per paradox. After all, Valve won't pop up a dialog box at the beginning of the game that says, "Did Father Grigori survive when you played the first game?" That is, of course, unless he's a Baron Samedi (James Bond). It is also of note that if Grigori dies before you reach the gate, the game ends instantly courtesy of G-Man terminating Gordon's "evaluation."--WaltCip 03:41, 26 December 2006 (UTC)

I've killed Father Gregori many times by accident. He can easily be killed by firing a saw blade at him with the Zero-Point Energy Manipulator. If he dies, you get a game over. This "alternate ending" thing is a load of crap. I'm removing it. MVMosin 06:33, 25 March 2007 (UTC)

Angel reference
The latest revision says that his name is a reference to the Grigori, a group of fallen angels. Has this been confirmed by the dev team or is this speculation? -DynSkeet (talk) 19:33, July 13, 2005 (UTC)

Jim French

 * Jim French links to an old cowboy? Surely this is the wrong link.  Is there a better one for the voice actor?  Antichris 16:33, 2 November 2005 (UTC)
 * I just created a red link at Jim French (voice actor) in the article. Caerwine Caerwhine 21:58, 9 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Jim French got a real article at Jim French (radio) so I updated it. Antichris 20:18, 3 October 2007 (UTC)

Rifle/Shotgun?
There is some dispute as to whether Grigori's rifle is actually a shotgun. Ortzinator 18:34, 7 December 2005 (UTC)

 * I read somewhere that it was a modified shotgun...

His shotgun is just a normal double barreled shotgun called bock-type, with the pipes made in verdical line (this makes the gun less bulky when carrying it from the back). It is a popular hunting/farmer shotgun used in Europe, especially in Scandinavia.

hanchi 22:19, 4 December 2006

In gmod, it's called an annebelle, and is a sniper.It just sounds, and when he fires, like a shotgun then a sniper rifle.

pat4ever 1:31, 20 December 2006

 * GMod isn't necessarily the end-all be-all of HL2 information. For all we know, the designer took an educated guess.--WaltCip 03:45, 26 December 2006 (UTC)

Doesn't matter. Gmod 10 is made by both Valve and Team Garry. If annabelle was wrong, Valve would have told Team Garry.
 * Please sign your comments using four tildes. Valve didn't necessarily have to tell Team Garry. It was just that; a fan mod. The original Gmod was also done by Team Garry himself without the help of Valve.--WaltCip 01:59, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

 * The gun in Gmod does not match Grigori's gun as it appears in Half-Life 2 (since the HL2 gun has no code to allow the player to use it). However, in the game, Grigori's gun appears to work in a similar manner to a double-barelled shotgun, judging by rate of fire, reloading, sound and impact type. - Davidjk (msg+edits) 00:50, 4 February 2007 (UTC)

If you spawn a NPC with an annabelle, killed the npc, then it would 1. Show in the weapon selector "Annabelle Hl2 weapon" or something like that. 2. When you fire it, you has 2 bullets, and is exactly how Father Grigori's gun shoots.

Annabelle is a double barreled shotgun. But for gameplay purposes, Valve had it operate like a rifle. It is very powerful, and has no spray or random placing of shots. The shot goes where Grigori aims. It fires a single shot. They made it this way to have Grigori be an efficient zombie killer. As for Gmod 10, I have it, and have used Annabelle. It operates like the in-game version but has the model of the player's SPAS-12 shotgun. Despite all of this, it is a shotgun. 72.234.46.115 11:29, 19 August 2007 (UTC)

The annabelle is a shotgun that's modified to use slugs. This is because it's easier and more logical for him to snipe zombies from the rooftops than fight on the streets. 72.87.112.142 (talk) 19:30, 25 July 2008 (UTC)

I have reason to believe that he is using a Winchester rifle, mainly judging by looks. At the very least the guns model comes from the Winchester. 68.39.248.115 (talk) 01:40, 9 April 2009 (UTC)

Grigory's Past
I'm pretty sure he wasn't a priest before Ravenholm fell. He might not have even been religious--when talking about his traps, he says, "These are the work of a man who once had too much time on his hands. Now all my time is devoted to tending the flock." or something like that. This would explain his shoes, and fits in to some extent with his eccentricity; a priest gone mad is a much larger stretch of the imagination than a madman who declares himself a priest.

I'm adding this in as a note on the article, if anyone can find any other clues about him it'd be neat to hear.

 * Why is his choice of footwear "bizarre"? To me they look like running shoes; he lives in a zombie infested town. Running would be a common activity. Crimson Shadow 17:09, 26 May 2006 (UTC)

 * It sounded biased to me as well, so I removed it. -ZeroTalk 00:55, 27 May 2006 (UTC)

 * On a further note, could not the entire section speculating on his past be considered original research? Crimson Shadow 22:51, 27 May 2006 (UTC)

The Ravenholm Church
I dont know if anyones interested or not, but because you never really get to go in the church in the ravenholm level, i just wanted to reconstruct it. it looks pretty good, so if you want to see it you can.  Miish111 22:57, 10 May 2006 (UTC)

 * The interior of church is apparently in conflict to its exterior. It looks like Orthodox outside, but protestant inside - the couldn't be any pew in Orthodox church, crucifix is non-orthodox and so on. Alexander Ershov
 * Which map is that? D1_town_01 or something?

Annabelle
Yesterday, I took out Grigori's first name. Qjuad's edit changed it so his name was Annabelle, not his Winchester. I did not do a revert because Qjuad also did a few minor edits that I don't know what he put. Otherwise, it is identical. Userpie 14:18, 4 June 2006 (UTC)

Today the fifth, I again changed Qjuad's edit about his first name and left a comment on his talk page. Hopefully he won't change it again. Userpie 20:34, 5 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Slight mix up on my part; I was wrongly informed that was his first name, despite the fact it wouldn't make any sense. Not owning Raising the Bar at the time and thinking the information from there, who was I to argue? Of course, now I own the said book I realize I was very much in the wrong. Qjuad 20:50, 16 July 2006 (UTC)

"Speculation" section
The section was properly titled and labeled. I'm not sure about whether "I used the noclip cheat in my game" would pass WP:V, but it leaves a bad taste in my mouth. This sentence: "Clearly, Valve intended to make his fate uncertain, possibly to return Father Grigori as a character in one of the later episodes of Half-Life 2" is just 100% inappropriate. It fails WP:NPOV, WP:NOR, and WP:V. The next paragraph (with the exception of the last two sentences, which are sourced to the Prima guide and Raising the Bar) is also wholly inappropriate. There are very few phrases in this paragraph that are not either completely speculative ("...suggesting he did not find God (or at least didn't run around in priest's garb) prior to the infestation. It is entirely possible that Grigori's crusade caused him to choose to become a priest, and in the absence of any authority, he simply put on the clothes. This would explain his bizarre choice of footwear (somewhat identical to Converse shoes), and seems more credible in light of his obvious insanity.") or constitute an attempt to explain facts in such a way that advances a POV, which violates WP:OR. Consequently, I'm going to delete the section again. WP:V holds that in a dispute, "The obligation to provide a reliable source lies with the editors wishing to include the material, not with those seeking to remove it." Removing the unsourced parts would result in a section that is not informative, and as such, it's appropriate for the whole section to go. If someone wants to rewrite it such that it is sourced to RELIABLE sources, then OK, but stuff like speculation on the Halflife2.net forums does not pass muster. Croctotheface 12:44, 23 February 2007 (UTC)

 * As I said in my edit summary, most of the section was not speculation, contrary to its naming. No, it's not correct for a user to be saying that he used noclip to watch Grigori dissapear inside the tomb. However, yes, Grigori does in fact run inside a tomb after he leaves Gordon. This is not speculation. He does this in clear view of the player. What happens inside the tomb, we don't know, but once again, yes, Grigori does run into it. And no, it is not okay to speculate that Grigori may have not been a priest prior to Ravenholm's infestation. However, yes, the Official Prima Game Guide and Raising the Bar both indicate that he was, in fact, a priest beforehand. This is legitimate information which you removed (with no relevant rationale) that was sourced from reliable and published third party sources. I am reinstating these points as such. MarphyBlack 00:30, 3 March 2007 (UTC)
 * The fact that you are acknowledging and responding to my rationale should indicate that it is in fact relevant. Civility is valued here.  Croctotheface 01:02, 3 March 2007 (UTC)

Does he die?
I feel that the sentances about him dying are speculation. The one sourcing the "Players" who feel he died while Freeman was in the mines is completely opinionated. He survived all this time in Ravenholm, he could probably handle himself. And as for not surving the Citadel blast, we currently do not know what the blast radius was or how far Ravenholm is from City 17. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Special:Contributions/ (talk)

Agreed. Mark321123 09:27, 28 October 2007 (UTC)

I think it's left up to the player's imagination and we'll never really know. I mean look at the way he runs through that fire and doesn't get burned. I think it's supposed to be something the player is not quite sure they witnessed. It's supposed to be this event players will all have different ideas about, and the character will forever remain a mystery to us. He seems a little bit divine; there is at least one other place in that graveyard where the fire sustains itself out of nowhere, almost like he's conjuring it himself. The fire that comes up around the crypt also comes from nothing. As I said before, I think we're never supposed to know for sure. Just listen to the music as he runs into the fire. It's supposed to leave a certain intangible impression on the player.

About him dying in the Citadel explosion, I think Ravenholm was further away than Gordon and Alyx's train was. Tikalal (talk) 08:01, 9 September 2013 (UTC)

name?
On the page his name is compared to a type of fallen angel, but what about Grigori Rasputin? They seem strikingly similar in looks. Just a thought. Darkblast93 02:46, 2 October 2007 (UTC)

 * This was mentioned but removed. MarphyBlack 14:19, 2 October 2007 (UTC)

Nuts?
This article paints the picture of Father Grigori as being a complete lunatic, where as I can't find any proof to this. He just seems rather helpful (calling Freeman "brother") and he must really loves his town by putting his life in danger and protecting it alone. Mark321123 09:26, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Protecting who from what? Surely even Grigori has found out by now that the zombies are beyond help, and there's nobody else there -- Freeman wandering into Ravenholm was a fluke. A sane person would have gotten the hell out of there, not remained there to, what? Kill zombies the whole day long? His boisterous laughing in the face of attack isn't helping his case either.
 * If you want to be charitable you could call him eccentric, and he's certainly not completely insane (in the sense that he's quite capable of rational thought, as his traps and cooperation with Freeman show), but I don't see how anyone could come away from Ravenholm thinking that this guy's playing with a full deck either. The surest sign that Grigori is at least somewhat unhinged is the fact that he's in Ravenholm at all, when everything's out to kill him and there's nothing there for him to achieve. Don't get me wrong, I love the guy (and I sure wouldn't have minded him by my side in Episode One), but the pinnacle of sanity he's not. 82.95.254.249 22:29, 30 October 2007 (UTC)

You may want to know that he couldn't leave himself, as the only way out he obviously knows (the one he let's the player out through into the mine) had to be held by someone, hence why he could not leave the town. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.95.137.30 (talk) 20:40, 2 November 2008 (UTC)

I don't think him needing to hold the gate open means he couldn't leave the town on his own. It was probably done that way more for level design and gameplay. It's so the player absolutely has to leave him behind. If the guy could rig up all those traps, you'd think he could figure out a way through a gate (which he probably rigged up himself anyway). We should also remember that the guy probably could have gone through to Eli's lab any time he wanted.

I don't think he's particularly insane either. He was the priest/pastor in Ravenholm, everyone he knew was turned into a zombie, and now he feels a personal and religious responsibility to allow them to die. I just don't think the guy's sanity is really the issue Valve was thinking about when they designed the character. Each to their own of course. Tikalal (talk) 07:49, 9 September 2013 (UTC)

I Am Legend
Is it just me or does he have a lot in common with the protagonist of "I Am Legend" (I mean the film, not the book)?

Some examples:

 * is the only survivor
 * fights infested humans with weapons and traps
 * (only at night)

Of course, there are also differences:

 * Grigori believes in god
 * Grigori doesn't seem to be afraid of the zombies; in fact, he keeps laughing in every situation

P.S.: Please excuse me for my poor English, I'm still practicing!

--87.168.77.45 (talk) 11:32, 31 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Similarities? Yes, but certainly nothing which could be added to the article; the similarities are tropes after all, there's no clear influence from one to the other. Mallocks (talk) 17:27, 5 June 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Father Grigori


text:
CCVS

CCVS, or Credit Card Verification System, was a credit card processing system designed for Posix-based operating systems, including Unix, Linux, and a version for Palm OS shown at trade shows. It was originally sold by Hell's Kitchen Systems, Inc. from 1997 onward and was acquired along with the company by Red Hat in January 2000. In 2002, Red Hat decided to exit the eCommerce market as an ISV, discontinued support for CCVS, and recommended that customers transition to MCVE.

The CCVS API supported use under PHP, Java, Perl, Tcl, and C to allow merchants to communicate directly with the credit card clearing house instead of using Internet-based intermediaries. Along with Red Hat's decision to discontinue support for this extension, it has also been removed from PHP and is no longer available since version 4.3.0. An alternative to CCVS is MCVE.

title: CCVS


text: User talk:56.0.103.25

title: User talk:56.0.103.25