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Talk:U2 discography

Album Sales Information
Should 145 Million be updated? It was based on LiveNations press release in 2008 and appeared to exclude their live and compilation albums. Also, Bono and Edge's bios on the official website for Spiderman (http://spidermanonbroadway.marvel.com/) mention 170 million BEFORE the release of NLOTH, which would make a 175 Million figure reasonable and a 170 Million figure conservative. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 199.200.27.7 (talk) 17:06, 3 February 2010 (UTC)

Rattle and Hum
Um, Rattle and Hum is 90% live; why is it listed under studio albums? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.28.147.183 (talk) 09:43, 26 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Hardly; only 6 of Rattle and Hum's 17 tracks are live; 7 if you count "The Star Spangled Banner" excerpt. That's well below even 50%. Since the vast majority is studio material, it is listed as a studio album (there isn't really a category for a combination between the two that we can use). Unless you're refering to the film, in which case it also has an entry under the Videography. MelicansMatkin (talk, contributions) 15:20, 26 October 2009 (UTC)

I've definitely always thought of Rattle and Hum as a live album with a couple of studio tracks tacked on-- I guess because it's the soundtrack to a concert film. I'm surprised when looking at the track listing (after having not listened for many years) to see how many studio tracks there were. Weird. I guess the live stuff was just more memorable, at least for me. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 123.192.109.24 (talk) 04:59, 15 September 2014 (UTC)

# of videos made
I am fairly certain that there weren't 3 videos made for Vertigo, and I think some of the other numbers of videos made are wrong too. Could someone verify this? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.37.30.8 (talk) 16:55, 1 March 2008 (UTC)

Missing
What's about the 1980 Live LP "No Surrender"? Look here for Details: http://www.croportal.net/forum/glazba/u2-no-surrender-live-1980-a-13009/ THX
 * It's a bootleg. --typhoon 17:45, 7 September 2007 (UTC)

Messed Up
Hi. I kind of messed up the album bit, by moving "Original Soundtracks No. 1 [Passengers]." Can someone please revert it to the previous edit? Thanks.

Done. --Kristbg 21:14, 16 February 2007 (UTC)

Thanks again. 82.38.55.11 13:11, 23 February 2007 (UTC)

Nomenclature
EPs are extended-play singles, so they go under the Singles header. Also, not all of their regular singles were necessarily hits.

--typhoon 19:12, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Singles
I've put up entries for every U2 single released. There's not much info on the pages right now, so please help me fill 'em up! Check the entry for If God Will Send His Angels for an example (thanks Typhoon!) --Kristbg 04:29, 5 December 2005 (UTC)

Where are the GERMAN CHART POSITIONS? Germany is the third biggest music market in the world! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 93.128.212.233 (talk) 21:25, 28 February 2009 (UTC)

other
updated info for Original of species reference http://www.u2wanderer.org/disco/pr058.html Hyperfeedback 00:52, 12 December 2005 (UTC)

Video
I've done basic entires for the live video releases. Can someone add them to the U2 box which appears at the bottom of u2 related articles. Havent figured it out yet!. Probably best goes in "Live and other projects" section Hyperfeedback 11:42, 23 December 2005 (UTC)

 * All video entries are now updated and added to Template:U2. I also added some producers, like Flood and Jimmy Iovine. --Kristbg 14:21, 23 December 2005 (UTC)

Thanks :) Hyperfeedback 14:26, 23 December 2005 (UTC)

Gallery
I think I'm going to try switching some of the headers to the gallery layout to save some space, since this page is getting pretty big. The albums will stay like they are (since it's handy to have all the album songs right there to search).

--typhoon 23:56, 15 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Wow, great job! --Kristbg 01:41, 16 February 2006 (UTC)

 * I love the gallery layout. It's easy to follow and looks great! Underneath-it-All 21:57, 17 February 2006 (UTC)

Switzerland and Austria?
Is it really necessary to include chart positions from these countries? I don't think they're very helpful at gauging the success of a U2 single; I think it would be better to use the space to include positions on the Modern Rock Tracks or Mainstream Rock Tracks charts, or to remove the columns altogether.

Acegikmo1 22:01, 11 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree. --Kristbg 00:06, 12 March 2006 (UTC)

 * To me it's more logical to include more countries to show the worldwide succes than to show more American charts... But to solve all problems, isn't it better to only include English and American charts on this page, and make a seperate U2 chart positions page, where the Swiss, Austrian, Latvian, Dutch, Modern Rock and Mainstream rock and other charts can be listed? This would make sense to me. (I read this comment about Switzerland and Austria only after I included the Dutch positions...) Pie.er 14:34, 10 July 2006 (UTC)

Everlasting Love
"Everlasting love" did chart as a single, although only in the Netherlands. Chart positions, starting week 1 in 1990: 26-17-12-10-15-22-38. I believe (but I'm not sure) it charted as the B-side of the 7'' version of "All I Want Is You". But it definitely charted under a different name than "All I Want Is You", which charted 6 months earlier and only reached 12th place. I don't consider it U2's greatest achievement, but facts are facts: it charted as a single. Pie.er 08:21, 10 July 2006 (UTC)

 * The fact that it charted doesn't make it a single. It was never issued as a standalone single, only as a B-Side (and as a bonus cassette in Australia ). Many songs by many artists spend some time in charts without ever being released as singles. U2's own "Until the End of the World" is an example of this (see the Achtung Baby talk page). --Kristbg 13:37, 10 July 2006 (UTC)

OK I can live with that. Pie.er 14:29, 10 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I am happy enough not to have it, but i dont really understand how it can chart if it is not a single. If it is not single, there are no sale, so what is actually charting? how do they calculate a position. incidently, around this time U2's Everlasting Love got heaps of playback on radio. People loved it. The Australian release of the All I Want is You single was delayed for the Lovetown tour. Even more so, the original Sweetest Thing (as B side) was an even bigger radio hit. people were ringing in for months and was played several time daily. OK, i will stop giving you all interesting but unimportant trivia --Merbabu 22:52, 31 October 2006 (UTC)

Assessment
I've rated this as being of 'top' importance for the U2 project - see banner above. But i struggled to give it a B quality as referencing is quite poor. Merbabu 04:27, 23 June 2007 (UTC)

About Instant Karma...
Does anyone know if Instant Karma will be released ever?CRBR 19:47, 29 August 2007 (UTC)

Album Art
Would it be possible to include a column of album art, or would that not fall under Fair Use for Wikipedia? Ank329 20:30, 27 September 2007 (UTC)

Trying not to hurt feelings here, but U2's discography it's the worst article of any other decent band: not a single picture of any sleeve, how on earth the casual fan that tries to get info on the media available of the U2 music's gonna learn something here?...if you like I would send you scans of my very own albums, either vinyl, cd, or cassette...and change the infobox picture, what kind of ugly picture to show the Best Rock n' roll band in the last 20 years... really you got a lot of computer skills but certainly don't know nothing about photography or even choose one...also, I can provide live shots of concerts I've attended much better than this one (by the way there's at least 4 listing of U2 items right now at eBay with this same picture). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 189.164.125.62 (talk) 22:31, 28 February 2008 (UTC)

Formatting of album listings...
The current version lists the album tracks without breaks - while this condenses the whole section down, it does reduce quick readability (ie, this is a list, not an article of prose). I've placed a version with breaks here in my sandbox - what do people prefer? I prefer the line breaks after each. --Merbabu 01:31, 6 October 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree, if you want to implement it by all means, do it. Love, Ne ra n e i  (talk) 02:38, 6 October 2007 (UTC)
 * OK, thanks. I will wait for a bit more opinion. PS "love?" - aw shucks. :) --Merbabu
 * :) You are one of our resident U2 gurus, you deserve a little love! (Do You Feel Loved?) :P Love, Ne ra n e i   (talk) 03:27, 6 October 2007 (UTC)

The Ballad of Ronnie Drew
I've temporarily hidden "The Ballad of Ronnie Drew" inside of an inline note. I originally removed it entirely, but decided that an inline note would be of better purpose. This is stemming from my confusion of what qualifies as a U2 single. "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band", "The Saints Are Coming", and "One" with MJB are all listed. However, other collaborations such as "Do They Know It's Christmas?" are not. What exactly qualifies for inclusion on this list, and should "The Ballad of Ronnie Drew" be among those that are listed? MelicansMatkin (talk) 23:42, 18 March 2008 (UTC)
 * U2 discography Well, U2 didn't appear on that single. If they had, I imagine it would have been included. It is not on the list just like the Mission Impossible theme song is not on the list - it was only performed by members of U2, not the band itself. -Justin (koavf)❤T☮C☺M☯ 22:25, 27 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the clarification. MelicansMatkin (talk) 02:01, 28 March 2008 (UTC)

What about guest singles like on The Ramones tribute album? 134.155.22.245 (talk) 16:52, 3 May 2008 (UTC)

Multi-Artist collaborations should be listed in a seperate place, if at all. Should Bono's 1986 collaboration with Clannad be included? Do they know it's Christmas (bono sang and Adam played Bass)? What about the Robbie Robertson contributions in 1988? I think these should be listed seperately if at all. If the single or duet mentioned it as a U2 duet (as was the case with Green Day, BB King, etc), then it should be mentioned, but if it didn't, then it should be seperate or not included. unlisted (talk) Feb 3rd 2010 11:57 UTC(UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 199.200.27.7 (talk)

Original Soundtracks 1
Original Soundtracks 1 needs to be moved to a different place. First, it's not even an U2 album. Second, this is the discography of U2, Passengers was just a side project. This article should be shown somewhere else.  Rockk3r       Spit it Out!  21:24, 7 October 2008 (UTC)

 * It’s generally considered a U2 album. If you read literature about the time, “side project” certainly underestimates it (see the referenced info in the U2 article). Further, 4 out of the 5 credited artists are U2 in full. The 5th credited is Brian Eno, their long time producer and collaborator. The album was initially intended to be released under “U2” but the difference in sound and approach led them to release it under a made-up moniker. The fact that tracks from the album end up on U2 compilations and are played live in their concerts also makes it hard to say this isn’t a U2 album.
 * However, I’d be happy to see changes made to the description on this page. --Merbabu (talk) 23:03, 7 October 2008 (UTC)

 * Maybe we should take note that the U2 discography on their Official site does not list it as an album. http://www.u2.com/music/ —Preceding unsigned comment added by Nomik2 (talk • contribs) 20:32, 14 December 2008 (UTC)

Irish charts..?
While reverting some vandalism, I noticed that the peak positions on the Irish charts seem unusually low for the band; on looking at the reference provided, the earliest date this album provides positions for is 2004; meaning that for an album like The Unforgettable Fire, it's talking about the highest position it reached between 2003 and 2009 (which coincides with the Croke Park dates on the Vertigo Tour I believe), as opposed to the highest position between 1984 and 2009. Is there any way this can be remedied? I wouldn't know where to begin looking for an alternate source. MelicansMatkin (talk) 01:36, 5 March 2009 (UTC)
 * Unfortunately aCharts seems to be the only online reliable source that has any chart positions for U2's albums. Of the other online reliable sources; Irish-charts.com doesn't show any chart positions for U2, ChartTrack only goes back as far as 2000, and IRMA's site only has singles in the archive. So unless a printed source can be found that has the original positions, we'll have to stick with what we've got per WP:V: verifiability, not truth. --JD554 (talk) 08:41, 5 March 2009 (UTC)
 * I've found a great site with more charting positions than before, although sadly no charts before 2000 here (it's irish charts but a different section. Dt128 (talk) 15:44, 8 March 2009 (UTC)

I aggree I think as a whole the chart positions are somewhat empty or incorrect. The article could be vastly improved.--93.107.24.3 (talk) 11:56, 14 March 2009 (UTC)

The info is definitely wrong, I mean come on U2 are about the biggest thing in Ireland so I doubt albums like Achtung Baby and Joshua Tree charted very low. Their earlier stuff might have. Sadly the info cannot be referenced properly. Medazzatrash (talk) 22:20, 7 May 2009 (UTC)

The information regarding the Irish charts is wrong. The links providing information about the U2 albums in the Irish charts is inaccurate. One of the sites, http://irish-charts.com, contains no information about the position in the Irish charts of U2 albums.

The second site, http://acharts.us, records data from the 26th week of the year 2005 onwards. It does NOT contain information about the Irish charts when albums such as Boy, Joshua Tree and Achtung Baby were released. Details - According to http://acharts.us/album/20596, Boy (released in 1980) "made its first appearance in week 26/2005 in the Ireland Albums Top 75."

Regarding Achtung Baby, the site (http://acharts.us/album/20591) states the album made "Its first appearance was week 26/2005 in the Ireland Albums Top 75". Achtung Baby was released in 1991. The information is neither verifiable, as one cited site contains no information, and the second site contains records that start in 2005. 96.237.248.50 (talk) 02:50, 28 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Read the comments above on why this is the case, and read WP:V. Removal of sourced content is unacceptable and will result in vandalism warnings if it continues. MelicansMatkin (talk, contributions) 02:54, 28 October 2009 (UTC)

I grew up in Ireland. Ireland did not maintain a reliable Album chart prior to IRMA's 2005 beginning, so the "High Positions" refer to positions achieved SINCE the inception of IRMA's charts. Of course, every U2 album since BOY has gone to #1 in Ireland, but there is no way to verify this with reliable chart information. As a point of comparison, Ireland has maintained a reliable SINGLES chart since before U2's inception and they hold the record for both top ten hits (41) and Number 1 singles (21). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 199.200.27.7 (talk) 17:14, 3 February 2010 (UTC)

Video directors
This site might be very helpful in getting most names. I have other jobs on wiki or I'd do it myself. Suede67 (talk) 12:47, 14 July 2009 (UTC)

No Line On The Horizon sales
I don't think that NLOTH has sold 5 million copies. According to MediaTraffic.de, it sold 3.000.000+. HC 5555 (talk) 03:32, 24 July 2009 (UTC)
 * I searched that website and could not find any sales figures for NLOTH. Unless it's explicitly stated somewhere in there, the 5 million figure is the best source we've got.Shkee23 (talk) 17:17, 17 October 2009 (UTC)

The 5,000,000 figure is based on an irish independent article written by Brendan O Connor, who interviewed Larry Mullen Jnr for the article. I would think it's as reliable a source as we can hope for.Laurencedunne (talk) 18:04 Feb 09 2010 —Preceding undated comment added 23:01, 9 February 2010 (UTC).

Release formats
I think that for the release formats, we should stick with the formats that originally released. Otherwise, as new formats come out, they will all be re-released eventually, so I think it's more relevant to simply mention how it was originally released. The way its being done now, we could list every single album as available as a digital download. This link here is a great book source for original format releases. – Dream out loud (talk) 19:35, 9 August 2010 (UTC)

Lead...
This lead needs to be re-worked. In its current form it's just a re-hash of the U2 article. The quick fix is to delete to a one-sentence "This is" sentence, but ideally some work could go into it to make it more like The Beatles discography, the lead of which actually discusses the discography, record releases, etc, and is not merely a summary of the band's history. any takers? --Merbabu (talk) 22:57, 18 March 2011 (UTC)

Kindergarten
Perhaps we should add "Kindergarten", the "alternative" version of Achtung Baby now being release at the end of the month in the Super Deluxe and Uber editions of Achtung Baby? - I would of thought "no" because it's part of another release - but all the Complete U2 bonus albums are listed (etc. Early Demos, Point Depot) and these can not be bought seperately - so i can't see any reaso not to add Kindergarten-TangoTizerWolfstone (talk) 16:29, 9 October 2011 (UTC)
 * Should we therefore add the "Uber" and "Unter" discs also? Melicans (talk, contributions) 18:48, 9 October 2011 (UTC)
 * I'd of thought so --TangoTizerWolfstone (talk) 11:20, 15 October 2011 (UTC)

Let's get this to FL
With all the activity going on with other U2 articles, we should get this to FL status soon. Of course, it does need some work. I have a bunch of improvements in mind, but I'd like some feedback first before I implement any major changes. Here's what I'd like to discuss: – Dream out loud (talk) 18:41, 12 October 2011 (UTC)
 * Remove MDH soundtrack – Only three of the 16 songs on the soundtrack are credited to U2 (one of which was previously released, so only two "original" songs). Bono himself appears on another three tracks, but the majority of the songs do not feature U2.  This is merely a soundtrack that features U2, not a soundtrack by U2  (compared to Soundtrack from the Film More, which was entirely done by Pink Floyd).
 * Remove catalogue numbers – Releases of the same album in different countries may have different catalogue numbers, especially when more than one edition of an album is released. Mentioning them all would be out of the question, so getting rid of them altogether would be best.
 * Split videography into new page – About 1/3 of the page already is videography, so there's sufficient content to warrant a second page. Red Hot Chili Peppers discography (which is a featured list) splits the bands videography into a second page.
 * Categorize fan club albums exclusively – Although fan club releases are a combination of live albums, compilations, and remix albums, I think putting them in their own section would be best. Since they are not commercially available, they do not chart, there is no sales records of them, and they should just be kept separate.
 * Create "Internet albums" section – This would be for all digital-only releases, which is a parameter in Infobox artist discography
 * Create "B-sides" section – I'm kinda "iffy" about this one, but just thought I'd mention it since it's also in the Infobox artist discography template (just for otherwise unreleased studio tracks, not remixes or live songs that have appeared on albums).
 * I'm actually surprised that this isn't a FL already; I could have sworn there was one attached to the WikiProject. I agree with all except the last of your suggestions. With the exception of the two Best Of's (which are already covered), there hasn't been a B-sides album release. I think that would be better represented in List of U2 songs. Another note: all the chart peaks will have to be double checked. In the past we've tried to check and revert when it has been changed from what the sources say, but I'm 100% positive that some slipped through the cracks somewhere in this page's history. Melicans (talk, contributions) 19:37, 12 October 2011 (UTC)
 * Further complicating things is that there are so many charting peaks that can't be reliably sourced (e.g. the info is only available on fan sites or the like). FYI, the featured list you are thinking of is List of awards received by U2. Y2Kcrazyjoker4 (talk • contributions) 19:57, 12 October 2011 (UTC)
 * I could do without the B-sides section. I just thought I'd throw it out there.  But I'm glad to see that there's an agreement on the other suggestions.  I may get working on it this weekend. – Dream out loud  (talk) 22:16, 12 October 2011 (UTC)

New section
I broke the lead into sections because it was to long. Not sure if i did the right thing but the lead was to long.AcuteAccusation (talk) 18:43, 18 November 2011 (UTC)
 * For a while now, I've been of the opinion that the lead here (and what is now the "formation" and "awards" sections after your edit) is missing the mark. It's just a summary/version of the lead from the U2 article. Most of it should be removed - any additions should pertain to the U2 discography. The Beatles discography article is an excellent example of what the lead here should aspire to. Ie, it's about the Beatles discography, and not about the Beatles in general.
 * I think your changes to the lead push it towards that big change. --Merbabu (talk) 00:03, 19 November 2011 (UTC)

Mess with Belgian entries, WP:DISCOGSTYLE
Are the Belgian chart positions the ones from Flanders or Wallonia region? For example, the chart position for "Ordinary Love" is from Wallonia, but the source for the entire "BEL" column is for Flanders region. It's a total mess, so I've decided to remove this column from singles section. Plus the max. number of countries should be 10 per WP:DISCOGSTYLE, so the entire table has far too many countries — we need to trim it down further. —  Ma y ast  ( talk ) 15:01, 10 February 2014 (UTC)
 * To trim that number down to 13, I'll also remove US alternative and mainstream rock – Billboard Hot 100 is enough. But we'll need to choose 3 other countries to remove from the table. —  Ma y ast  ( talk ) 15:30, 10 February 2014 (UTC)
 * I will have to disagree with the removal of the Billboard rock charts. The WP:DISCOGSTYLE guideline also says, "There is no set inclusion criteria for which charts should and shouldn't be included, but a good rule of thumb is to go by the relative success of the artist on that chart." Considering the amount of charting the band has done on those charts, I would strongly argue for it to be included. Y2Kcrazyjoker4 (talk • contributions) 16:54, 13 February 2014 (UTC)
 * I honestly don't care if this particular chart is included or not, but we need to have a discussion about which 10 charts should stay, and remove all the others. Right now there are 13 charts, so if you would like to keep US mainstream rock we still need to find 4 countries to be removed, instead of 3. I would start with saying that IRE, UK and US (Billboard Hot 100) definitely need to stay, and that I probably wouldn't miss FIN, SWE, SWI or AUT (where U2 didn't have many top 10 and no. 1 hits). There weren't many hits in France, too, but it's one of the largest music markets, so I'm not sure if it should be kept, or not. BTW, a similar operation should be done with album charts section, where currently 15 charts are included. —  Ma y ast  ( talk ) 17:11, 13 February 2014 (UTC)
 * In case anyone would like to check how the singles section looked prior to my recent edits, here's a link: . —  Ma y ast  ( talk ) 17:41, 13 February 2014 (UTC)
 * I don't necessarily disagree with removing a few countries/charts, but I would like to point out that the guideline says, "A limit of approximately 10 separate charts is suggested". I think for a band like U2, one of the most prominent groups in the world, it can be argued that an exception could be made. I'd like to see what others think. Y2Kcrazyjoker4 (talk • contributions) 19:15, 13 February 2014 (UTC)
 * Most discography articles for "high-profile" artists stick to 10 charts, eg. Beyoncé, Justin Timberlake, Rihanna, Madonna albums/singles, Jay-Z, Metallica, Blur, Coldplay, Radiohead, Depeche Mode, Kings of Leon, etc. In some cases, eg. Sting and The Beatles, the number of charts for albums/singles is even lower, and in some other articles the discography tables haven't been updated to the new format yet (like Nirvana discography). By the "new format" I mean the format proposed in WP:DISCOGSTYLE, with an objective to follow WP:ACCESS. But I'm also curious what others think. —  Ma y ast  ( talk ) 20:33, 13 February 2014 (UTC)
 * I also think that is some cases making an exception from Wiki guidelines is a good thing, but is there really any particular reason why we would need one here? ;) I think that with 10 charts we are perfectly capable of showing the band's success, while also not allowing the table to become too wide, cluttered and, as a result, less readable.  Ma y ast  ( talk ) 20:45, 13 February 2014 (UTC)

No, everyone should stick to the guidelines and it must be 10 countries. 10 countries will show a band's global success adequately and it is much easier to understand for the casual wiki reader (isn't this the main reason that the guidelines were initially set?). If it works for artist like Beyonce, U2 should be no exception whatsoever. "Stop editing like a fan" this is what people mostly get from editors once you trying to insert extra charts, well you all should stop editing like a fan on this page too. Szaboci (talk) 09:05, 14 February 2014 (UTC)

WP:CONSPLIT
This list is too long for a valid navigation and article buildup. U2 has a vast discography and I believe its high time that we split the list into appropriate lists like: → U2 albums discography, U2 singles disocography and U2 videography. That way content would be preserved easily and is better suited for navigation. We have easy precedence of old acts like Michael Jackson albums discography, Madonna albums discography and Madonna singles discography for a heads up on how they are created. — I B  [ Poke  ] 13:13, 17 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Agreed -- Jennica ✿ talk / contribs 08:05, 19 November 2016 (UTC)

I believe it would be best to start with splitting the discography and videography into two articles for now, and keep the albums and singles together. Any thoughts? And does anyone want to do the splitting? Because unless there are objections, we appear to have consensus.(YouCanDoBetter (talk) 23:58, 25 February 2020 (UTC))

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Live from the Point Depot and Live from Paris
Is there a reason why these albums are not included in this discography? Charles Essie (talk) 23:59, 24 February 2020 (UTC)

Added Alternative Song peaks
I added peaks from Billboard Alternative Songs, I'm just not quite sure how to add the reference, so I messed up a little. I'll make sure to add it later. I'm also going to add it to the 2000s list and 2010s list if its okay. -- SabreToothCat1134 05:16, 28 May 2020 (UTC)

Promotional singles & other charted songs
Many songs missing from this section: Promo singles Zooropa (1993), Orginal of the Species (2006) off the top of my head. Additionally, many cuts like Wire (1984) and God Part II (1988) charted on the US Mainstream Rock chart.

Someone knowledgeable needs to seriously go through and edit this section. I wish I had the skills to do it. 68.175.59.44 (talk) 04:01, 20 October 2023 (UTC)

How to add U2 To Love and Only Love – Deep Dives and B-Sides
Per https://www.udiscovermusic.com/news/u2-to-love-only-love-deep-dives-b-sides/ it seems like this is just a kind of branding of streaming-only remixes? Is this actually an "album"? ―Justin ( koa v f ) ❤T☮C☺M☯ 16:33, 5 April 2024 (UTC)

 * It is merely a program to reissue certain singles that were released in the pre-digital age, remastered and with all the B-sides. It doesn't warrant any mention on the discography. Y2Kcrazyjoker4 (talk • contributions) 17:30, 5 April 2024 (UTC)
 * Okay, that's what I figured. ―Justin ( koa v f ) ❤T☮C☺M☯ 18:56, 5 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:U2 discography


text:
Jani Liimatainen

Jani Allan Kristian Liimatainen (born 9 September 1980) is a Finnish guitarist. He came to prominence as the guitarist for the power metal band Sonata Arctica between 1996 and 2007, and has since played in and founded bands such as Cain's Offering and The Dark Element. Liimatainen's playing style is well known for his meticulous and fast soloing and riffs.

Early life
Liimatainen started playing the guitar when he was around 12 years old. Later, he founded the band Tricky Beans together with young people from Kemi. The band adopted the name Sonata Arctica in 1999.

Sonata Arctica
Liimatainen was a founding member of Sonata Arctica and appeared on the band's studio albums Ecliptica, Silence, Winterheart's Guild, Reckoning Night and Unia  and on the band's four EPs and two live albums between 1999 and 2007. Sonata Arctica's fourth studio album Reckoning Night contains the song "My Selene" composed and written by Liimatainen. Liimatainen was fired from Sonata Arctica due to conscription ambiguities in May 2007.

Along with Sonata Arctica, Liimatainen was a member of the Altaria band between 2001 and 2004. He can be heard on the band's Invitation and Divinity albums, of which Divinity has the songs "Unchain the Rain" and "Falling Again" composed and written by him. Liimatainen also played keyboards on both albums.

Cain's Offering and Timo Kotipelto
Nowadays, Liimatainen plays guitar in the band he founded Cain's Offering, whose first album Gather the Faithful was released in autumn 2009. The second album Stormcrow was released in May 2015. Liimatainen is the band's producer and main songwriter.

Liimatainen also gigs with Stratovarius and Cain's Offering singer Timo Kotipello as the Kotipelto & Liimatainen duo. The duo released the acoustic cover album Blackoustic in October 2012. The album also contains one new song by Liimatainen, "Where My Rainbow Ends".

Other projects
Liimatainen has a band called Sydänpuu with drummer Risto Koskinen from Kemi, where he sings and plays guitar, bass and keyboards. The band was founded in 2004 and has released two singles and demos so far. The single "Malja" was released in 2013.

Liimatainen also works as Antti Railio's gig guitarist and played some of the guitars on Railio's Vieras maa album. Starting in 2015, Liimatainen worked occasionally as guitarist-singer Ville Friman's accompanist on Insomnium's tours. He later became an official member of the band Insomnium from July 2019 until February 2024.

In 2016, Liimatainen started collaborating with former Nightwish singer Anette Olzon, and the first album of the resulting The Dark Element project was released in November 2017.

Liimatainen was also in a band called Dream Asylum.

Liimatainen's solo album My Father's Son was released on 6 May 2022.

Songs for other bands
Liimatainen has composed the song "River Runs Dry" for the band Sturm und Drang.

Liimatainen wrote most of the songs on Arion's debut album Last of Us.

The Stratovarius album Nemesis has two songs that Liimatainen contributed to the composition and lyrics of: "If the Story Is Over" and "Out of the Fog".

Guest appearances
In October 2007, Liimatainen played guitar in the backing band of Paul Di'Anno on the singer's Finnish tour.

He has also made a guest appearance on Celesty's Reign of Elements album on the song "Revenge" and on Human Temple's Insomnia album in the song "Animal".

Other
In 2013–2014, Liimatainen studied songwriting at the Lappia conservatory.

Liimatainen writes a blog called Jani Hates You All. The name of the blog is a tribute to Hank Moody from the series Californication.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Jani Liimatainen


text:
Eclectic shorthand

Eclectic shorthand (sometimes called "Cross shorthand" or "Eclectic-Cross shorthand" after its founder, J. G. Cross) is an English shorthand system of the 19th century. Although it has fallen into disuse, it is nonetheless noteworthy as one of the most compact (and complex) systems of writing ever devised.

Overview
While most later responses to Pitman shorthand aimed for greater simplicity and an elimination of such characteristics as shading and positional writing (cf Gregg shorthand), Cross took his system in the opposite direction. Noting that English spelling is able to express all its many vowel sounds using only five vowel symbols, Cross adopted a five-position system for expressing vowels in his system (Pitman uses three). From there he went on to apply the five positions to consonant symbols as well, and to eliminate perpendicular strokes to make the writing more cursive. Curiously for a symbol system, the writing is based on English spelling rather than phonetics — there are symbols for q and c, for instance, and a wh symbol which is different from w (or h).

Many tricks are employed to make writing more compact: shading a vowel at the beginning of the stroke denotes that it is preceded by an r; shading the whole stroke denotes a diphthong, while shading the end of the stroke denotes a following r. An l can be indicated by making the outline of the preceding letter smaller, and a following w by deepening the curve of the preceding stroke.

All in all, the system contains far more rules than any other widespread system of English shorthand, and the resulting notes are incredibly concise. However, the amount of practice required to make use of all these techniques without hesitation while taking dictation was undoubtedly quite burdensome. In addition, the heavy use of shading, common in nineteenth century systems when ink pens were the normal instrument of writing and the notion of thin and thick strokes was familiar to those accustomed to the copperplate script of the time, became difficult and counterintuitive in the 20th century. In sum, the system's complexity and the great investment of time that would have been needed to master it were most likely the causes for its downfall.

An interesting experiment used by Cross was to use paper with slightly curved lines for note-taking, on the assertion that as the hand could move more naturally in an arc across the page than in a straight line; this would improve speed.

title: Eclectic shorthand


text:
Melezitose

Melezitose, also spelled melicitose, is a nonreducing trisaccharide sugar that is produced by many plant sap eating insects, including aphids such as Cinara pilicornis, by an enzyme reaction. This is beneficial to the insects, as it reduces the stress of osmosis by reducing their own water potential. The melezitose is part of the honeydew which acts as an attractant for ants and also as a food for bees. This is useful to the aphids as they have a symbiotic relationship with ants. Melezitose can be partially hydrolyzed to glucose and turanose the latter of which is an isomer of sucrose.

title: Melezitose


text:
User talk:Hyperbotfly

Please stop adding nonsense to Wikipedia. It is considered vandalism. If you were just trying to experiment, then use the sandbox instead. Thank you. Shiri — Talk 19:16, Jun 12, 2005 (UTC)

What was the point of your addition to the Feminism article? JJ 03:01, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Hyperbotfly


text:
LMS Ivatt Class 2 2-6-0

The London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) Ivatt Class 2 2-6-0 is a class of steam locomotive designed for light mixed traffic.

Design
Elderly 0-6-0s formed the backbone of the low-powered locomotives within the LMS fleet. William Stanier had concentrated on introducing larger engines and it was left to George Ivatt to introduce a new class of low-powered locomotive. He designed a tender version of the Ivatt Class 2 2-6-2T, introduced at the same time, which was inspired by the Stanier Class 3 2-6-2T, which was inspired by the Fowler Class 3 2-6-2T. The 2-6-0s had greater range: 3,000 impgal of water and 4 LT of coal compared to the tank design's 1,350 impgal and 3 LT. So they were well-suited to their task and, following attention to draughting problems by both Derby and Swindon, quickly became a success. Further engines of this type were built as the BR Standard Class 2 2-6-0, these locomotives having BR standard fittings and a modified cab and tender profile to allow completely unrestricted route availability; both LMS and BR 2MT moguls are often nicknamed "Mickey Mouse".

Construction
A total of 128 were built between 1946 and 1953, mostly at Crewe. 20 were built by LMS and given the numbers 6400–19. On nationalisation in 1948 40000 was added to their numbers to become 46400–19. The remaining 108 locomotives of the class, numbered 46420–46527 were built by British Railways, and from 46465 (Darlington, 1951) an increase in cylinder diameter of 1/2 in yielded a tractive effort of 18,510 lb, 1,100 lb greater than the original design. The LMS classified them 2F, BR as 2MT.

The 38 members of the Darlington-built batch (46465 to 46502) were allocated to the Eastern and North Eastern Regions of British Railways. The final 25 (46503 to 46527) were built at Swindon Works and, being allocated to the Western Region, consequently carried the GWR-type vacuum ejector and firehole doors. The Swindon locomotives were turned out, initially, in lined black. Under the Hanks regime, some received lined green livery as they passed through works. The rest carried black livery. None of the class was named in service, however some have been named in preservation.

Withdrawal
The class was withdrawn between 1961 and 1967.

Accidents & Incidents

 * On 27 April 2013, No. 46521 derailed on the trap points at Quorn and Woodhouse on the Great Central Railway following a misunderstanding between the signalman and the locomotive's crew. The derailment was captured on video by a visitor and subsequently posted on YouTube. Nobody was injured, and the locomotive was recovered using a crane; it was then towed back to the shed by BR Class 45 No. D123. Almost one month after the incident, the locomotive returned to service.

Preservation
Seven members of the class have been preserved, five built at Crewe Works and two built at Swindon Works. Of the seven engines preserved, six have run in preservation (46428 is undergoing restoration from scrapyard condition to working order at the East Lancs Railway). Three members of the class have also operated on the mainline in preservation: No's 46441, 46443 & 46521. Three of them were purchased from British Railways while the other four preserved examples were rescued from Barry Scrapyard throughout the 1970s. The ones rescued from Barry Scrapyard include No. 46428, No. 46447, No. 46512, and No. 46521. The ones sold directly into preservation from British Railways include No. 46441, No. 46443, and No. 46464.

46443 became a popular mainline engine in the 1980s when it was one of the engines used during the 150th anniversary of the Great Western Railway traveling along many old branchlines including the old Bristol Harbour Railway. 46521 saw use on the mainline in the 1990s but only saw a limited amount of use hauling excursion trains with one of its runs being on the GWML in December 1994.. 46441 was one of the smallest tender engines to operate on the former BR system during the 1990s. As well as being a regular at Carnforth and working at its home on the East Lancashire Railway it was also used for the regular steam on the met programme working trains alongside other steam engines. 46441 in recent years has been on static display inside the museum at the Ribble Steam Railway in Preston awaiting an overhaul. In April 2018 the engine was moved by road to its new home at the Lakeside and Haverthwaite Railway, it is presently the only tender engine based at the railway.

* Named in preservation

Only 46428 has yet to steam in preservation.

Models
Several 00 gauge ready-to-run models of the locomotive have been produced. In 1975, Hornby Railways produced a model of the class, in British Railways lined black (mixed traffic) livery. A BR lined green version followed in 1978. They were on sale until 1982. In 2007 Bachmann Branchline introduced a more detailed model, available in several liveries including LMS unlined black, BR lined black and BR lined Brunswick Green, the latter livery of which was used for a model of now preserved 46521. Graham Farish produces several of the same liveries in N gauge. Comet Models produce an all-metal kit.

In fiction
No. 46521 appeared in the sitcom Oh, Doctor Beeching!. It was for this that it received the name 'Blossom'.

Both 46443 and 46521 appeared in the 1976 Universal Pictures film The Seven-Per-Cent Solution. For this role both locomotives were heavily disguised to have a European flavour.

Both "Oh, Doctor Beeching!" and "The Seven-Per-Cent Solution" were filmed on the Severn Valley Railway.

title: LMS Ivatt Class 2 2-6-0


text:
John Paul Lederach

John Paul Lederach (born 1955) is an American Professor of International Peacebuilding at the University of Notre Dame, Indiana, and concurrently Distinguished Scholar at Eastern Mennonite University. He has written widely on conflict resolution and mediation. He holds a Ph.D. in Sociology from the University of Colorado. In 1994 he became the founding director for the Center for Justice and Peacebuilding at Eastern Mennonite University where he was a professor. He currently works for the foundation Humanity United.

Early life and education
Lederach was born in Indiana into the family of a local preacher, whom he was named after. He graduated from Bethel College in 1980 with a degree in History and Peace Studies. During this time he was working for the Mennonite Board of Missions in Barcelona, Spain. He then pursued a Ph.D. in sociology with a concentration in the Social Conflict Program from the University of Colorado, receiving his degree in 1988. During this time (from 1975 to 1996) he was also active with the Mennonite Central Committee serving for a time as the Director of the Mennonite Conciliation Service.

Academic work
Lederach's theories of elicitive methods of conflict resolution have been influential in the fields of political science, peace studies, international relations and conflict transformation. His works have been published in English, Catalan and Spanish.

His academic work draws on his experience in the field as a mediator, negotiator, peacebuilding practitioner, trainer and consultant. At the international level, this has involved input into peace processes in Somalia, Northern Ireland, Nicaragua, Colombia and Nepal. Within communities, his work has often been at the level of reconciliation within church and family. In 2014 he said: "Change only comes through ensuring that people are represented. In Somalia where I did a lot of my early work, there was no government and it was a chaotic situation. My job was to engage in longer term bottom-up grassroots work. You do this by establishing organisations for elders, women's associations and so on which build strength into a community by creating space for civil society."

His elective approach to conflict transformation has been developed further systemically by Wolfgang Dietrich within the framework of the Innsbruck School of Peace Studies at the University of Innsbruck, Austria.

Lederach has given keynote speeches, commencement addresses, and lectures, among them a keynote lecture entitled "Narratives of Care: The Social Echo of Community Transformation" at the Conversations on Attachment conference at Eastern Mennonite University. and a lecture entitled "Compassionate Presence: Faith-Based Peacebuilding in the Face of Violence" at the University of San Diego's Joan B. Kroc Institute for Peace & Justice Distinguished Lecture Series.

In an article in Time Magazine, former U.S. Surgeon General Vivek Murthy describes Lederach's influence on his thinking about social policy and his framing of loneliness as a public health concern: "For John Paul Lederach, an international peace builder and expert in conflict transformation, the first step is to promote a mutual sense of belonging. That means meeting and serving people where they live, by physically going to their homes or neighborhoods." Murthy quotes Lederach in Time, as well as in his book, Together: The Healing Power of Human Connection in a Sometimes Lonely World, as observing that "a lot of our isolation…is the degree to which people feel invisible. So, when you come and show up and have concern and conversation from their location, you're rehumanizing the situation that has lost that connection at a very deep level."

Religion and beliefs
Lederach is a Mennonite Christian, and as he wrote in his 1999 book Journey Toward Reconciliation (ISBN 978-0836190823), his Christian faith has affected both his thinking and application of non-violent solutions to conflict. In 2000, he received the Community of Christ International Peace Award.

Awards and honorary degrees
In 2014 he received honorary degrees from Conrad Grebel College at the University of Waterloo, St. Paul University in Ottawa, Ontario.
 * 2000 - Community of Christ International Peace Award
 * 2002 - Keys to Access Award from CADRE (the National Center for Dispute Resolution in Special Education)
 * 2006 - Martin Luther King Order of Peace Medal
 * 2009 Pax Christi Award - St. John's University and Abbey
 * 2009 Reinhold Neibuhr Award from the University of Notre Dame
 * 2014 Distinguished Scholar Award - International Studies Association

Publications

 * Els anomenats pacifistes: La no violència a l'estat espanyol, La Magrana, 1983.
 * Enredos, pleitos y problemas Una guía práctica para ayudar a resolver conflictos, Guatemala: Ediciones SEMILLA, 1992, ISBN 84-89389-06-3.
 * Preparing for Peace: Conflict Transformation Across Cultures, Syracuse University Press, 1995, ISBN 0-8156-2725-4
 * Building Peace: Sustainable Reconciliation in Divided Societies, U.S. Institute of Peace, 1997, ISBN 1-878379-73-9
 * The Journey Toward Reconciliation, Pennsylvania: Herald Press, 1999, ISBN 0-8361-9082-3
 * From the Ground Up: Mennonite Contributions to International Peacebuilding, 2000, ISBN
 * A Handbook of International Peacebuilding: Into The Eye Of The Storm, Jossey-Bass, 2002, ISBN 0-7879-5879-4
 * The Little Book of Conflict Transformation, Good Books, 2003, ISBN 1-56148-390-7
 * The Moral Imagination: The Art and Soul of Building Peace, Oxford University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-19-517454-2
 * Reconcile: Conflict Transformation for Ordinary Christians, Pennsylvania: Herald Press, 2014, ISBN 0-836199030
 * Memoirs of Nepal, Blurb Books, 2016

title: John Paul Lederach


text: User talk:69.142.192.91

title: User talk:69.142.192.91


text:
Birsig

The Birsig is a rather small river in eastern France and northern Switzerland. Its source is in the village Biederthal, in the French Haut-Rhin department, near the Swiss border. The Birsig is about 21 km long, and its watershed area is about 82 km2. It flows variably through Swiss and French territory and through the Birsig Valley. Afterwards it passes the city of Basel, where it enters the Rhine (left bank).

The river Birsig originally flowed openly through Basel, but the river was long ago channelled and its banks built up to prevent water damage to the houses. The river flowed directly along the houses in the lower part of the city, where many bridges were built over. It took the fecal waste from the houses and was therefore called "the city's big cloaca", which favoured the outbreak of cholera and typhus.

Nowadays the Birsig is covered over for most of its course in Basel; there are just a few hundred meters around the city zoo where the Birsig can be seen openly.

title: Birsig


text:
BR standard class 2

BR Standard Class 2 may refer to:

 * BR Standard Class 2 2-6-0
 * BR Standard Class 2 2-6-2T

title: BR standard class 2


text:
Maafa

The Maafa (Swahili for "Great disaster"), the African Holocaust, the Holocaust of Enslavement, or the Black Holocaust are political neologisms popularized since 1988  to describe the history and ongoing effects of atrocities inflicted upon Black people worldwide. Of particular focus are those committed by non-Africans (specifically Europeans and Arabs in the context of the Trans-Saharan slave trade, the Indian Ocean slave trade and the Atlantic slave trade), which continue to the present day through imperialism, colonialism and other forms of oppression.

Description
Maulana Karenga puts slavery in the broader context of the Maafa, suggesting that its effects exceed mere physical persecution and legal disenfranchisement: the "destruction of human possibility involved redefining African humanity to the world, poisoning past, present and future relations with others who only know us through this stereotyping and thus damaging the truly human relations among peoples".

The Canadian scholar Adam Jones characterized the mass death of millions of Africans in the Atlantic slave trade as a genocide due to it being "one of the worst holocausts in human history" because it resulted in 15 to 20 million deaths according to one estimate, and he claims that arguments to the contrary such as "it was in slave owners' interest to keep slaves alive, not exterminate them" are "mostly sophistry" by stating: "the killing and destruction were intentional, whatever the incentives to preserve survivors of the Atlantic passage for labor exploitation. To revisit the issue of intent already touched on: If an institution is deliberately maintained and expanded by discernible agents, though all are aware of the hecatombs of casualties it is inflicting on a definable human group, then why should this not qualify as genocide?"

History and terminology
The usage of the Maafa in English was introduced by Marimba Ani's 1988 book Let the Circle Be Unbroken: The Implications of African Spirituality in the Diaspora. It is derived from a Swahili term for "disaster, terrible occurrence or great tragedy". The term was popularized in the 1990s. The Maafa represents a way to discuss the historic atrocities and impact of the African Slave Trade.

The term African Holocaust is preferred by some academics, such as Maulana Karenga, because it implies intention. One problem noted by Karenga is that the word Maafa can also translate to "accident" and in the view of some scholars the holocaust of enslavement was not accidental. Ali Mazrui notes that the word "holocaust" is a "dual plagiarism" since the term is derived from Ancient Greek and thus despite being associated with the genocide of the Jews, no one can have a monopoly over the term. Mazrui states: "This borrowing from borrowers without attribution is what I call 'the dual plagiarism.' But this plagiarism is defensible because the vocabulary of horrors like genocide and enslavement should not be subject to copyright-restrictions".

Some Afrocentric scholars prefer the term Maafa instead of African Holocaust because they believe that indigenous African terminology more truly conveys the events. The term Maafa may serve "much the same cultural psychological purpose for Africans as the idea of the Holocaust serves to name the culturally distinct Jewish experience of genocide under German Nazism". Other arguments in favor of Maafa rather than African Holocaust emphasize that the denial of the validity of the African people's humanity is an unparalleled centuries-long phenomenon: "The Maafa is a continual, constant, complete, and total system of human negation and nullification"-

The historian Sylviane Diouf posits that terms like "Atlantic slave trade" are deeply problematic because they serve as euphemisms for intense violence and mass murder. Referred to as a "trade", this prolonged period of persecution and suffering is rendered as a commercial dilemma, rather than a moral atrocity. With trade as the primary focus, the broader tragedy becomes consigned to a secondary point as mere "collateral damage" of a commercial venture. However, others feel that avoidance of the term "trade" is an apologetic act on behalf of capitalism, absolving capitalist structures of involvement in human catastrophe. Roger Garaudy accused America of genocide up to an estimated two hundred million Africans.

title: Maafa


text:
David Weir (journalist)

David Weir is a journalist, author, and co-founder and former Executive Director of the Center for Investigative Reporting.

He has written for publications including The Economist, HotWired, L.A. Weekly, Mother Jones, The Nation, New West, New York Magazine, The New York Times, Rolling Stone, Salon.com, San Francisco Chronicle, and the San Francisco Examiner.. While at Rolling Stone, Weir and Howard Kohn revealed the "Inside Story" of Patty Hearst's odyssey while she was underground, following her kidnapping by the Symbionese Liberation Army. Other investigative pieces included FBI surveillance scandals involving the Black Panther Party, the American Indian Movement, and, in 1977, the first article leading to his best-selling book, Circle of Poison.

He was an editor at SunDance Magazine, Rolling Stone, California Magazine, Mother Jones, the Stanford Social Innovation Review, and, in 2001, was the founding editor of 7x7 Magazine in San Francisco. He was a content executive at Wired Digital, Salon.com, and Excite@Home. He was Editor in Chief at Keep Media, (which became MyWire) from 2005–07, and held the same title at Predicify (2008–09). While in college, he was the sports editor of the Michigan Daily at the University of Michigan, and a stringer for UPI.

Weir taught at the University of California Graduate School of Journalism from 1985 to 1999, and was the Lorry I. Lokey visiting professor in professional journalism at Stanford University from 2002-2005.

He is a member of the editorial board of The Nation Institute. He is also a judge, in 2008, for Alternet, the Society of Professional Journalists, and PEN USA.

References to David Weir
Weir is discussed in the book "Sticky Fingers: The Life and Times of Jann Wenner and Rolling Stone Magazine" in many sections. One where it states Wenner could be snobbish, but not when it came to great writers like Weir. Then later it said that Weir was fired for Jann's limo when the company moved to New York.

Weir also was featured in KQED interviews in recent years. He was KQED's senior editor for digital news, and often wrote about the Giants.

Books

 * Weir, David and Mark Schapiro. Circle of Poison: Pesticides and People in a Hungry World (Food First Books) February 1981) ISBN 978-0-935028-09-6 Describes the international marketing of pesticides banned in the United States and incidences of pesticide poisoning in farm workers and through the exportation of contaminated foods.
 * Weir, David and Dan Noyes. Raising Hell: How the Center for Investigative Reporting Gets the Story (Addison-Wesley Pub Co, 1983: 1983) ISBN 0-201-10859-3.
 * Weir, David. The Bhopal Syndrome: Pesticides, Environment and Health ISBN 978-0-87156-718-5 (Sierra Club Books, 1987) Discusses the disaster at Bhopal, India in the context of a global syndrome that puts countless lives at risk; proposes measures to reduce unnecessary risk.

title: David Weir (journalist)


text:
Tony Schiavone

Noah Anthony Schiavone (born November 7, 1957) is an American sports announcer, professional wrestling commentator and podcaster. He is currently signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW) where he serves as the play-by-play commentator for Collision, color commentator for Dynamite and Rampage, then also as senior producer. He has previously worked for Jim Crockett Promotions, the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE), World Championship Wrestling (WCW), and Major League Wrestling (MLW). In addition to his work in wrestling, Schiavone has also worked as a broadcaster for the Gwinnett Braves/Stripers of Minor League Baseball and Georgia Bulldogs football.

In 2013, WWE noted that, "At the height of the Monday Night War, veteran broadcaster Tony Schiavone's voice was as vital to the onscreen product of World Championship Wrestling as Jim Ross' Oklahoma growl was to WWE."

In 2021, Schiavone announced a Kickstarter campaign for a biographical graphic novel titled Butts in Seats: The Tony Schiavone Story. Tony Schiavone can be heard on his podcast What Happened When? with Conrad Thompson.

Early life and education
Schiavone was born and raised in Craigsville, Virginia, the son of Noah and Rebecca Schiavone. Tony is of Italian descent. He graduated from Buffalo Gap High School and earned a Bachelor of Science degree in communications from James Madison University in 1980.

Early career
Schiavone began his broadcasting career calling high school football games for WTON in Staunton, Virginia. After graduating from JMU, Schiavone became the play-by-play announcer for the Greensboro Hornets of the South Atlantic League. After a year in Greensboro, he joined the Charlotte O's, which were owned by the Crockett family. Schiavone, who was a wrestling fan and needed extra money to support his growing family, lobbied the Crocketts for work on their wrestling programming.

Jim Crockett Promotions (1983–1989)
Schiavone's first on-air appearance for Jim Crockett Promotions was a 1983 interview with Ric Flair. In 1985, he left baseball to join Jim Crockett Promotions full-time. From 1985 to 1989, Schiavone and David Crockett hosted NWA's World Championship Wrestling live in front of a small in-studio audience in Atlanta. The show aired on TBS on Saturdays at 9am and 6:05pm and was used as a vehicle to promote live NWA arena events and introduce their stars to a national audience as TBS was the premier nationally broadcast cable station at the time.

World Wrestling Federation (1989–1990)
He was signed by Vince McMahon's WWF for a one-year contract from April 1989 through April 1990. During his time with the company, he was most notable for being the main play-by-play announcer for their SummerSlam 1989 and Royal Rumble 1990 pay-per-views alongside Jesse "The Body" Ventura. Other than Ventura (whom he would also frequently partner later in WCW), Schiavone commentated alongside others including Lord Alfred Hayes, Gorilla Monsoon, Hillbilly Jim, Rod Trongard, and Bobby "The Brain" Heenan. Behind the scenes, Tony produced numerous home videos for Coliseum Video.

Schiavone's family did not like living in Connecticut, so he accepted an offer from media mogul Ted Turner to work for World Championship Wrestling. He has remained on good terms with the McMahon family in the years since. Years after leaving the WWF he admitted that doing so was his biggest career mistake, and that he asked McMahon for his job back as soon as he realized what the Turner Broadcasting System had done to the former Jim Crockett Promotions upon acquiring it. McMahon turned him down, so that Schiavone would not have to move his young family again, but was open to working with him in the future.

World Championship Wrestling (1990–2001)
Schiavone became the lead voice for WCW's flagship program, Monday Nitro. He also served as the lead announcer of Thunder, typically working alongside Mike Tenay, Bobby Heenan, Larry Zbyszko, and later with Mark Madden and Scott Hudson. Before the advent of Nitro and Thunder, Schiavone hosted WCW Saturday Night and WCW WorldWide. He made an appearance in the movie Ready to Rumble. When WCW's main assets were bought by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, later WWE) in 2001, he was not retained by WWE.

Various jobs (2001–2019)
After wrestling, Schiavone became the morning sports anchor for both WDUN in Gainesville and WSB-AM in Atlanta simultaneously, despite the two stations having different owners (WDUN has a partnership with Cox Media Group, which owns WSB-TV and WSB-AM.) Schiavone also has done morning sports reports for Cox sister stations WHIO AM/FM in Dayton, Ohio.

Schiavone is a writer for the Georgia Bulldogs Radio Network and produced the Best of the Bulldogs, which won the AP Award for Best Sports Program in 2004. He also hosts a post game talk show on the Georgia Bulldogs Radio Network alongside former University of Georgia quarterback David Greene.

From 2009 to 2019, Schiavone was the play-by-play announcer for the Atlanta Braves' AAA affiliate, the Gwinnett Braves.

Following cutbacks at WSB that resulted in Schiavone being let go in 2015, Schiavone took a part-time job at Starbucks to supplement his income while continuing to do other broadcasting work. Schiavone has stated he had no shame in working there and praised Starbucks for their excellent health insurance coverage for their employees. His time at Starbucks would be alluded to on multiple occasions by Britt Baker on AEW programming.

On January 30, 2017, Schiavone began hosting the What Happened When? podcast with co-host Conrad Thompson on MLW Radio discussing stories from Schiavone's time with Jim Crockett Promotions, his stint in the WWF and his WCW tenure. Schiavone also co-hosts the "Pro Wrestling Wednesday" podcast with lifelong wrestling fan Beau Le Blanc for WZGC FM 92.9 The Game in Atlanta, a station in which he often does fill-in work for their sports flash updates.

Major League Wrestling (2017–2019)
On October 5, 2017, Schiavone returned to professional wrestling at the inaugural event of the resurrected Major League Wrestling (MLW). At the show, Schiavone provided color commentary for the event's matches. He then continued to provide his commentary work for MLW's television show, MLW Fusion. After taking a break in early 2019 from commentating due to conflicting schedules, he returned in July 2019. Schiavone noted on the November 20, 2019 Clash of the Champions XIII episode of What Happened When with Conrad Thompson that he would no longer be appearing for Major League Wrestling (MLW).

All Elite Wrestling (2019–present)
In August 2019, it was reported that Schiavone had signed a contract with All Elite Wrestling. It was announced that Schiavone would join AEW as a commentator. Schiavone also began working as a senior producer for AEW live events.

On February 20, 2020, All Elite Wrestling and TNT launched AEW Unrestricted, a weekly podcast hosted by Schiavone and referee Aubrey Edwards.

On October 14, 2023, Schiavone debuted as the play-by-play announcer on Collision. He remains a member of the commentary team on Dynamite, while also conducting in-ring and backstage interviews with various professional wrestlers.

Mick Foley incident
An infamous incident involving Schiavone occurred on the January 4, 1999, Nitro. Nitro was airing live against the pre-taped WWF Raw is War on USA Network and was to feature a rematch between WCW World Heavyweight Champion Kevin Nash and former champion Goldberg from Starrcade, where Nash had ended Goldberg's undefeated streak and taken his title under controversial circumstances. The Nitro episode was also the first appearance of "Hollywood" Hulk Hogan since he announced his "retirement" from professional wrestling on the Thanksgiving 1998 edition of The Tonight Show with Jay Leno. Meanwhile, Raw was to feature Mick Foley, who was wrestling as Mankind at the time and who had previously worked for WCW as Cactus Jack, winning his first WWF Championship in a match against The Rock. However, at the time Raw was taped while Nitro was live, and it was a practice for WCW and executive producer Eric Bischoff to spoil pre-taped Raw episodes, by telling the WCW audience the results of the Raw show, and not give fans reasons to change the channel.

According to Foley, who wrote about the incident in the first chapter of his book Foley is Good (and the Real World is Faker than Wrestling), this was to be a pivotal night for WCW as people believed that WCW, whose record streak of 84 consecutive Monday night wins in the ratings had been snapped by Raw in April 1998 and had only eight head-to-head wins after that, would turn the ratings tide back to them and potentially take over the lead in the Monday Night War. During the show Schiavone spoiled the result of Raw's main event by saying that Foley, the former Cactus Jack, would win, sarcastically remarking "That's gonna put some butts in the seats".

Foley was genuinely upset by what he had heard and telephoned Schiavone to talk about it. When Schiavone called Foley back, he told Foley that Bischoff had ordered him to reveal Foley's title win over the air. The strategy, however, backfired on Bischoff. Almost immediately after Schiavone spoiled Foley's title win, 600,000 households switched from Nitro to Raw, to watch Foley win the title. This was enough to give the WWF the ratings win for the night, with a 5.7 final rating to Nitro's 5.0. WCW's ratings never saw more than a 5.0 going head-to-head with Raw again and Nitro's rating sank below 5.0 and by the end of the year was struggling to stay above 3.0.

Bobby Heenan rivalry
In a 2002 interview, Schiavone was criticized by Bobby Heenan who claimed that Schiavone would hide finishes and angles from him and fellow Nitro commentator Mike Tenay during broadcasts, claiming Schiavone's key to life is "knowledge is power". Longtime wrestling broadcaster Gene Okerlund concurred with Heenan, and claimed that, while he liked Schiavone and did not have many problems with him, "Tony was the consummate politician" and "Tony watched out for Tony and in doing so, had a tendency to bury people along the way". One tense incident happened on the Nitro following the death of Heenan's longtime best friend Gorilla Monsoon, over Schiavone's alleged objection to Heenan paying tribute to Monsoon on air on the grounds that Monsoon had never worked for WCW or its predecessor organizations. Heenan was ultimately allowed to speak in honor of Monsoon, albeit only a small statement. Appearing on The Ross Report in 2014, Schiavone stated that he never objected to Heenan mentioning Monsoon, only that he asked Heenan if he had first asked WCW president Eric Bischoff about doing so. Schiavone accepted responsibility for the collapse of his relationship with Heenan, and said of Heenan's criticism of him: "I deserve it".

Personal life
Schiavone and his wife, the former Lois June Berger, married in 1981 and are the parents of five children. They live in East Cobb, Georgia.

Awards and accomplishments

 * George Tragos/Lou Thesz Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame
 * Gordon Solie Award (2024)
 * Wrestling Observer Newsletter
 * Worst Television Announcer (1999, 2000)

title: Tony Schiavone


text: Category:Bulgarian pianists

title: Category:Bulgarian pianists


text:
Video tracking

Video tracking is the process of locating a moving object (or multiple objects) over time using a camera. It has a variety of uses, some of which are: human-computer interaction, security and surveillance, video communication and compression, augmented reality, traffic control, medical imaging and video editing. Video tracking can be a time-consuming process due to the amount of data that is contained in video. Adding further to the complexity is the possible need to use object recognition techniques for tracking, a challenging problem in its own right.

Objective

The objective of video tracking is to associate target objects in consecutive video frames. The association can be especially difficult when the objects are moving fast relative to the frame rate. Another situation that increases the complexity of the problem is when the tracked object changes orientation over time. For these situations video tracking systems usually employ a motion model which describes how the image of the target might change for different possible motions of the object.

Examples of simple motion models are:
 * When tracking planar objects, the motion model is a 2D transformation (affine transformation or homography) of an image of the object (e.g. the initial frame).
 * When the target is a rigid 3D object, the motion model defines its aspect depending on its 3D position and orientation.
 * For video compression, key frames are divided into macroblocks. The motion model is a disruption of a key frame, where each macroblock is translated by a motion vector given by the motion parameters.
 * The image of deformable objects can be covered with a mesh, the motion of the object is defined by the position of the nodes of the mesh.

Algorithms
To perform video tracking an algorithm analyzes sequential video frames and outputs the movement of targets between the frames. There are a variety of algorithms, each having strengths and weaknesses. Considering the intended use is important when choosing which algorithm to use. There are two major components of a visual tracking system: target representation and localization, as well as filtering and data association.

Target representation and localization is mostly a bottom-up process. These methods give a variety of tools for identifying the moving object. Locating and tracking the target object successfully is dependent on the algorithm. For example, using blob tracking is useful for identifying human movement because a person's profile changes dynamically. Typically the computational complexity for these algorithms is low. The following are some common target representation and localization algorithms:

 * Kernel-based tracking (mean-shift tracking ): an iterative localization procedure based on the maximization of a similarity measure (Bhattacharyya coefficient).
 * Contour tracking: detection of object boundary (e.g. active contours or Condensation algorithm). Contour tracking methods iteratively evolve an initial contour initialized from the previous frame to its new position in the current frame. This approach to contour tracking directly evolves the contour by minimizing the contour energy using gradient descent.

Filtering and data association is mostly a top-down process, which involves incorporating prior information about the scene or object, dealing with object dynamics, and evaluation of different hypotheses. These methods allow the tracking of complex objects along with more complex object interaction like tracking objects moving behind obstructions. Additionally the complexity is increased if the video tracker (also named TV tracker or target tracker) is not mounted on rigid foundation (on-shore) but on a moving ship (off-shore), where typically an inertial measurement system is used to pre-stabilize the video tracker to reduce the required dynamics and bandwidth of the camera system. The computational complexity for these algorithms is usually much higher. The following are some common filtering algorithms:
 * Kalman filter: an optimal recursive Bayesian filter for linear functions subjected to Gaussian noise. It is an algorithm that uses a series of measurements observed over time, containing noise (random variations) and other inaccuracies, and produces estimates of unknown variables that tend to be more precise than those based on a single measurement alone.
 * Particle filter: useful for sampling the underlying state-space distribution of nonlinear and non-Gaussian processes.

title: Video tracking


text:
Joakim Haeggman

Karl Sven Joakim Haeggman (born 28 August 1969) is a Swedish professional golfer who formerly played on the European Tour. He was the first Swede to play in the Ryder Cup.

Early life
Haeggman was born in Kalmar on the east coast of the province of Småland in Sweden. He grew up close to the golf course at Kalmar Golf Club and learned the game without golf playing parents.

He won the unofficial 1985 Swedish Youth Championship, Colgate Cup, at his age level (16 years old)

Amateur career
In 1986, Haeggman won the Swedish Junior Under 19 Championship.

As a 19 year old, Haeggman won the 1988 French Open Amateur Stroke-play Championship at Chantilly, north of Paris, shooting a score of level par 288. The year after, he won the French Junior Open Match-play Championship as well.

He turned professional during 1989, still a junior, why he never represented Sweden on the highest amateur level, only at boys' level and the Continent of Europe at the Jacques Léglise Trophy.

Professional career
He won his place on the European Tour at the 1989 qualifying school. He has won three events on the European Tour, and several other professional events. His best seasons were 1993, 1997 and 2004, in each of which he made the top twenty on the Order of Merit.

Haeggman won his first tournament on the highest level at the 1993 Peugeot Spanish Open, becoming the first Swedish winner of the event and claiming the tenth Swedish victory on the European Tour.

The same year, Haeggman became the first Swede to play for the European Team in the Ryder Cup. He won his Sunday singles match against John Cook with one hole up, but Europe lost the Ryder Cup match against United States 15-13 at The Belfry Golf Club, England.

Haeggman was out of the game for nearly two years following an ice hockey accident in 1994 which left him with a dislocated shoulder and broken ribs, which deprived him of the chance to play in the following Ryder Cup, and he has not represented Europe again. He also missed half a season after breaking his ankle playing ice hockey in December 2002.

Haeggman represented Sweden four times at the World Cup and twice at the Dunhill Cup.

At the 1993 Dunhill Cup at the Old Course, St Andrews, Scotland, the Swedish team of Haeggman, Anders Forsbrand and Jesper Parnevik finished tied 3rd, after losing just one match, against winners to be United States in the semi-finals.

At the 1997 Dunhill Cup, Haeggman scored a record 27 strokes on the front nine holes at the Old Course, in his stroke-play match against Justin Leonard, United States. The Swedish team of Haeggman, Per-Ulrik Johansson and Jesper Parnevik eventually lost in the final of the tournament against South Africa.

Haeggman and Jesper Parnevik represented Sweden at the 1994 World Cup of Golf at the Hyatt Dorado Beach Resort in Puerto Rico. Sweden finished 3rd, behind United States and Zimbabwe and Haeggman 9th in the individual competition.

Week 30 in July 2004, Haeggman was ranked a career best 39th in the Official World Golf Ranking.

Amateur wins

 * 1988 Coupe Murat (French Open Amateur Stroke-play Championship)
 * 1989 French Junior Open Match-play Championship

European Tour wins (3)
European Tour playoff record (0–1)

Asia Golf Circuit wins (1)
Asia Golf Circuit playoff record (1–0)

Challenge Tour wins (3)
Challenge Tour playoff record (0–1)

Argentine Tour wins (1)

 * 1998 Center Open

Other wins (1)

 * 2001 Hassan II Golf Trophy

Results in major championships
{{legend|#eeeeee|Did not play}} CUT = missed the half-way cut "T" = tied

Results in World Golf Championships
{{legend|#eeeeee|Did not play}} QF, R16, R32, R64 = Round in which player lost in match play "T" = Tied WD = withdrew

Results in senior major championships
{{legend|#eeeeee|Did not play}} CUT = missed the halfway cut "T" indicates a tie for a place

Team appearances
Amateur
 * European Boys' Team Championship (representing Sweden): 1986, 1987
 * Jacques Léglise Trophy (representing the Continent of Europe): 1986 (winners), 1987

Professional
 * Dunhill Cup (representing Sweden): 1993, 1997
 * Ryder Cup (representing Europe): 1993
 * World Cup (representing Sweden): 1993, 1994, 1997, 2004

title: Joakim Haeggman


text:
Jump on Demand

"Jump On Demand" is a single released by the Tewkesbury ska punk band Spunge on June 3, 2002. The single was released as a 7" vinyl and two CD versions. The first CD contains the music video for "Jump on Demand". It peaked at number 39 on the UK Singles Chart.

Track listings

 * 7" Vinyl
 * 1) "Jump on Demand"
 * 2) "All She Ever Wants"

 * CD 1
 * 1) "Jump on Demand"
 * 2) "Go Away"

 * CD 2
 * 1) "Jump on Demand" - 3:22
 * 2) "Whitehouse" - 2:24
 * 3) "Best Mates Girlfriend" - 3:28

title: Jump on Demand


text:
File:ST-TNG Violations.jpg

Image from Star Trek: The Next Generation episode, Violations © 1992 Paramount Pictures, produced by Gene Roddenberry.

Rationale of fair use
This image is fair use because:
 * 1) The image is of lower resolution and quality than the original video (copies made from it will be of inferior quality).
 * 2) No free or public domain images have been located for this subject.
 * 3) The image does not limit the copyright owners' rights to distribute the show or DVDs in any way.
 * 4) The image is being used for informational purposes only.
 * 5) The image is being used to illustrate the television show in question.

title: File:ST-TNG Violations.jpg


text:
User talk:Kihosa

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! Burgundavia (✈ take a flight?) 19:22, Jun 12, 2005 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Kihosa