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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Table of all cities in the United States

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Golbez 08:14, Jun 18, 2005 (UTC)

Table of all cities in the United States
I personally do not see a use for this article, nor do I think it is encyclopedic. It is also very, very long (it took me :30-:45 to load the page on a broadband connection). I nominated this article, and thus I abstain from voting. Sincerely, Short Verses 04:01, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. First, it is too big. Second, this is basically a text dump: it is essentially an abridged copy of a large data text file from the U.S. Bureau of the Census. I suggest we have a link to this data instead. Zzyzx11 (Talk) 04:22, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Pointless. --Xcali 04:44, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, per Zzyzx11 - too big, and we can link to it; also repetitive of the even more gargantuan List of all cities in the United States, which is itself repetitive of listings by individual states. -- BD2412 talk 04:45, 2005 Jun 9 (UTC)
 * Delete, we already have List of all cities in the United States (which could be tabelized itself - I don't dare checking for fear of a browser crash) and we could link to the cencus data. "Table of..." isn't standard naming policy either. Mgm|(talk) 09:15, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * I Vote to KEEP it! Patricknoddy 8:42 June 9, 2005 (EDT)
 * Keep and subdivide. Kappa 13:02, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete: 1. Duplicate material. 2. Unwieldly and therefore unusable.  3. Unnecessary even if it weren't duplicate. Geogre 14:10, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Redundant. Unwieldy (271k--anything over 90k gets impractical even on 'modern' browsers). Not a table--format is bullet-list line items as "SN:Cityname", which I can't think of any practical use for. (And, at 721k, incomplete, List of all cities in the United States needs to be broken up, as well.) In managable chunks, I suppose Wikisource might be better for List of all cities in the United States, but this doesn't seem useful anywhere. Niteowlneils 15:25, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Update. I didn't notice List of all cities in the United States is also on VFD. Suggest refactor List of all cities in the United States into an index of the List of cities in  lists, and make this redir to the new index at List of all cities in the United States. Niteowlneils 15:33, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete the misnamed and duplicative and oversize and incomplete table, refactor the list as suggested by Niteowlneils. Barno 19:36, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Redundant. --Carnildo 21:55, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


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Spud (game)

Spud is a dodgeball variant for children and adults, where players try to eliminate each other by catching and throwing an inflated and generally soft ball. It is related to "call ball" and "ball tag".

As few as three may play, with no upper limit. A large, open area is required. The game begins with each player being assigned a number, in secret, with the highest number corresponding to the number of players. For example, if 5 people are playing, each player will be assigned one of the numbers 1 through 5. A player is chosen as 'It.' The person who is It stands in the approximate center of the playing area, with one foot in front of the other. All of the other players must then touch one of their feet to its inward foot, and then step backwards 3 paces. This 3-step-backward set-up is required. When all of the players have stepped backward 3 paces, the person who is It throws the ball straight into the air and calls the number of another player. The ball must be thrown straight up.

When the ball is thrown skyward, all of the players then dash away until the player whose number is called both (1) gains possession of the ball; and (2) calls out 'Spud!' At that point, all of the players must freeze. If, while they were running, they were unable to stop immediately, those players must retrace their steps and return to the point that they were in contact with when Spud! was called. In no event may any of the players run around corners or hide behind trees. In all instances, they must be in sight of the player who has gained possession of the ball. At this point, the player who has the ball is allowed to take an identified number of giant steps toward one or more of the other players. Smaller, younger, or older players may be given the option of taking more steps. After the steps are taken, the person with the ball will try to hit one of the other players with the ball. The target player may not move his or her feet or duck, but may sway, bend, shimmy, and shift.

If the target player comes into contact with the thrown ball in any way (unless he or she catches the ball), he or she is penalized with one letter (i.e., S P U or D), and then is charged with throwing the ball into the air for the next round. If the target player does not come into contact with the thrown ball or the target player catches the ball, the player who threw the ball is penalized with one letter, and then is charged with throwing the ball into the air for the next round.

When a player receives four penalty letters (S P U D), that person is required to be eliminated, or a new game is begun. For another variation, a player who receives four Penalty letters is simply removed from the game, and the other players continue playing with their original penalty letters in place. When there are only 2 players left playing under this variation, there are two ways for the game to end. First, both players can be declared victors. Second, one of the removed players throws the ball into the air for the final round.

In another variation, the highest of the secretly-assigned numbers is 2 greater than the number of players. In this version, the 2 secretly unassigned numbers are referred to as 'ghost numbers.' If the player throwing the ball into the air calls a ghost number, all players will then chase after the ball and try to touch it. The last player to touch the ball is penalized with one letter and is then charged with throwing the ball into the air for the next round. While kicking the ball is permitted, players may not kick the ball if it is within 3 feet of another player (for purposes of safety). In this instance, the player may simply touch or punch the ball with another part of the body besides his or her feet. In this version, when a player is removed, his or her number also becomes a ghost number. In all instances, a player who wants to call a ghost number must throw the ball sufficiently high and in the air to remove any advantage that he or she would otherwise have.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Spud (game)


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Como railway station, Sydney

Como railway station is located on the Illawarra line, serving the Sydney suburb of Como. It is served by Sydney Trains T4 line services.

History
The first Como station opened on 26 December 1885 immediately south of the Georges River. When the original iron lattice girder bridge was replaced, a new station was built about one kilometre to the south opening on 27 November 1972.

The original station platform is still visible today near the southern end of the bridge. The station buildings have been demolished and a power sub-station was built in their place on the platform, most of which remains intact. There is no public access to the original platform but the subway tunnel under the rail line remains open.

On 22 November 2021, an upgrade to the station including two new lifts and a solar-glass canopy was opened to the public.

title: Como railway station, Sydney


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User talk:Plastic Snake

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has now been reverted or removed. Please use Sandbox for any other tests you want to do, since testing in articles will be reverted quickly. Please see the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. -- Hadal 03:59, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Welcome to Wikipedia. An article you recently created may not conform to some of Wikipedia's guidelines for new articles, so it will shortly be removed (if it hasn't been already). Please use the sandbox for any tests you may want to do and please read our introduction page to learn more about contributing.  Exploding Boy 02:08, 18 June 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Plastic Snake


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Oatley railway station

Oatley railway station is a heritage-listed railway station located on the Illawarra line, in the Sydney suburb of Oatley in the Georges River Council local government area of New South Wales, Australia. The station is served by Sydney Trains T4 line services. It was designed and built by the NSW Government Railway and from 1905 to 1992. It is also known as the Oatley Railway Station group. The property was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Oatley is notable as the end point of the first section of track to be electrified for regular passenger services, with services from Central commencing on 1 March 1926. Historically, some services used to terminate at Oatley before returning north; this is no longer the case but the points remain in place.

In January 2017 an upgrade to the station was opened, including a new overhead footbridge with lifts.

History
The Oatley area was named after James Oatley, who was granted 300 acre in the area, called Needwood Forest, in 1833. Oatley never built on the grant and it passed to his third son after his death in 1839, who sold the land to Charles Cecil Griffiths in 1881. The property extended from Gungal Bay on the western edge to the later Boundary and Hurstville Roads.

In 1881, the proposed route for the Illawarra railway line was published and approved. In 1882, works began at Marrickville (now Sydenham) on railway construction. In 1884, the railway to Hurstville station opened (double track) with stations at Arncliffe, Rockdale, Kogarah and Hurstville. In 1885, the first single track line (built by C. & E. Miller) was opened as far as Sutherland station, with railway stations opened at Como, Penshurst, Mortdale, and Oatley. The small platform at Oatley, with a timber platform building, opened on 26 December 1885. Judd's Hurstville Brick Works opened in 1884, on a site north of Oatley (now the site of Georges River College). The location of Judd's brick works appears to have been a major reason for the building of Oatley railway station in 1885 in what was then a very sparsely populated area.

The railway station was first called Oatley's Grant (up to 1886) and then Oatley's Platform (by 1889). In 1890, Oatley's Platform finally changed to Oatley. The line was duplicated in 1890. The Station Master's residence was built in 1891. Development in the area was slow – in 1893, there were only nine houses in the vicinity of the railway station. In 1903, a post office was established at the railway station.

In July 1905, regrading of the railway line led to the station being moved 400 yd to the west of its original location, away from the Oatley town centre at Frederick St and Letitia St to the east. This relocation of the line was due to the steep gradient leading down to the Georges River bridge which the goods trains had difficulty climbing. The 1890 weatherboard platform building was relocated to the new station, onto a long curved brick island platform. The platform building is now only one of the two such weatherboard platform buildings of this type in Sydney (the other being at Penshurst railway station). Part of the former railway reservation is now the Oatley Memorial Gardens.

Access from one side of the line to the other was initially via a series of overbridges at various locations along the line. In some localities, these were too far apart, and construction of a series of brick arch subways was begun around 1905 and completed during the 1920s. Construction was in brickwork due to the large number of nearby brickworks. The 1905 brick arched Mulga Road underbridge at Oatley was designed by Per way Branch staff, New South Wales Government Railways. The platform is reached via a subway stair leading off Mulga Road which is part of the underbridge. The underbridge has a semi-circular brick barrel arch spanning 58 ft over a two-lane roadway, and is thought to be the second largest brick arch underbridge in the NSW rail system. The centre of the bridge is now roofed, between the railway tracks (over the subway) however was unroofed in 1943.

In 1918, the present signal box was incorporated within the then open north end awning area of the platform building. The electrification of the line from St James to Oatley was undertaken in the 1920s, and the first electric train ran on 16 August 1926. This was the first line to be electrified.

In December 1930, disused railway land (the former railway alignment to the east) was officially transferred to Kogarah Council, and this became Oatley Memorial Gardens. When first built in 1905, the double track station had an engine road and goods siding on the eastern side but these were closed in 1940.

The platform building arrangement stayed the same until 1992, when State Rail replanned the remaining part of the platform building, providing new toilet facilities and a larger waiting room at the southern end of the building. This resulted in major change to the platform building both externally and internally (except to the signal box, which remains unaltered), including changes to windows and doors. Also in 1992, a new steel platform canopy was built, connecting the platform building and the entrance to the pedestrian subway.

On 3 March 2001, a commemorative trip, utilising RailCorp's heritage electric fleet, was made by the Governor Professor Marie Bashir and invited guests to mark the 75th anniversary of the inaugural journey from St James to Oatley in 1926. In 2005, some of the 1992 changes to the platform building were reversed. The 1918 signal box remains in a near original state despite being superseded for electric light signals in 1926.

In 2015, the Oatley station was upgraded with a 100 vehicle car park, and a pedestrian footbridge with lifts.

Description
The complex comprises a type 11 platform building, erected in 1905 to replace the original type 4 building erected in 1890; a signal box extension, erected in 1918; the Mulga Road underbridge and pedestrian subway, erected in 1905; an island platform, erected in 1905; a concrete drop-slab location hut, erected in 1920s; platform canopies, erected in 1992; and moveable items, dated from 1918.

The entry to Oatley Railway Station is via a subway entered from the southern footpath of Mulga Road below the arch of the Mulga Road rail underbridge (road tunnel). There is one island platform, which is curved, has brick edges and asphalt surface. Modern canopies roof the pedestrian subway in the middle of the underbridge, and connect to the platform building.
 * Context

The original 1890 building was rebuilt at its current location and altered to an island platform building in 1905. This is a weatherboard island platform building with a 1918 signal box extension at the northern end to protect the original signal levers. There is also a signalling board (not operational). The building has timber posts and brackets to awnings on each side, with timber valances to awning ends. The waiting area has timber panelled double doors, 9-paned timber framed double hung windows with fanlights and sidelights to the waiting area doors on both sides. Doors are modern timber flush. There are timber framed double hung windows at the northern (entry) end of the platform building, in front of which are a modern telephone and modern vending machine. The original ceilings are ripple iron with metal ceiling roses, and original internal walls are also weatherboard. Modern toilets are accessed from within the waiting area (at southern end).
 * Platform buildings (1890, 1905, 1918)

A single large span brick arch structure at 7.32 m clear span, for road access under the line, with semi-circular arches 600 mm thick. The underbridge is unusual in incorporating the pedestrian subway entry to the station, with the subway roof in the middle of the bridge (between the railway tracks). The subway is accessed off the southern footpath of Mulga Road, under the Mulga Road underbridge.
 * Mulga Road brick underbridge and pedestrian subway (1905)

This is a curved island platform, which has brick faces and an asphalt surface.
 * Island platform (1905)

This is a small prefabricated concrete location hut to the southeast of the southern end of the station platform. It has a hipped corrugated steel roof.
 * Concrete drop-slab location hut (1920's)

A modern platform canopy connects the pedestrian subway entry to the station to the platform building. Another modern platform canopy extends south of the platform building. Both canopies have gabled corrugated steel roofs, steel posts with concrete bases.
 * Platform canopies (1992)

The station has a parkland setting near its entry point, with parks to east and west of the Mulga Road underbridge, adjacent to the northern end of the station.
 * Landscape/Natural features

Signalling equipment within signal box: a signal panel (not operational), signal levers and three early telephones mounted on the wall.
 * Moveable items

Condition
As at 20 May 2009, Platform building (1890) was assessed as in good condition; the signal box (1918), also in good condition; the Mulga Road Brick underbridge and pedestrian subway (1905), also good though some damage to underbridge from vehicle; the island Platform (1905), also good; the platform canopies (1992), assessed as in very good condition; and moveable items (1918) including signalling equipment, assessed as in good condition.

The platform building has intact awnings and intact original form, however windows and doors have been altered. Original weatherboard walls and ripple iron ceilings remain in the interior. The Mulga Road bridge retains its original fabric. The signal box retains its original fabric.

Modifications and dates

 * 1905: Platform building (1890) moved and converted to island platform building
 * 1918: weatherboard signal box added to platform building by extending northern end beneath an existing awning
 * 1992: extension to waiting room and new toilet; modern doors and security screens to windows. At various places around the building there is clear evidence of doors and windows having been either blocked up or completely removed and re-sheeted over to match the adjoining weatherboarding.

Heritage listing
As at 15 April 2013, Oatley Railway Station – its island platform, platform building with signal box extension, moveable items, Mulga Road underbridge, pedestrian subway, and concrete location hut – was of heritage significance. Originally constructed in 1885 and relocated in 1905, Oatley Railway Station is of historical significance as a transport hub with a close relationship to the development of the suburb of Oatley since 1885, including the development of Judd's Hurstville Brickworks which operated nearby from 1884 until 1972. Oatley Railway Station also has historical association with Oatley Memorial Gardens, a series of linear parks to the east, which represent the pre-1905 alignment of the railway line.

Oatley Railway Station is of aesthetic significance for its landscape setting, flanked by parks to east and west at its northern end, and for its simple yet attractive weatherboard platform building, one of only two weatherboard platform buildings on the Illawarra line. The Mulga Road underbridge and pedestrian subway are of historical significance as part of a series of railway works for upgrading the railway system, undertaken from 1905 into the 1920s.

Oatley railway station was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999 having satisfied the following criteria.

The place is important in demonstrating the course, or pattern, of cultural or natural history in New South Wales.

Oatley Railway Station, originally constructed 1885 and relocated 1905, is of historical significance as part of the second phase of construction of the Illawarra railway line, and through its relationship to the development of the suburb of Oatley from 1885. Oatley Railway Station appears to have been located in what was then a sparsely populated area due to the opening of Judd's Hurstville Brick Works nearby in 1884. The Mulga Road underbridge and pedestrian subway are of historical significance as part of a series of railway works undertaken to upgrade the line from 1905 into the 1920s. Oatley Railway Station also has historical association with Oatley Memorial Gardens, a series of linear parks to the east between Oatley Parade and Oatley Avenue, which became available as parkland after the realignment of the railway line in 1905.

The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales.

Oatley Railway station is of aesthetic significance for its landscape setting, flanked by parks to east and west at its northern end, and for its simple yet attractive Federation Queen Anne style-influenced weatherboard platform building.

The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in New South Wales for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.

The place has the potential to contribute to the local community's sense of place, and can provide a connection to the local community's past.

The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.

The signal box demonstrates signalling technology of the early 1900s, however there are a number of other examples of this technology on the Illawarra line and elsewhere within the NSW Railways network.

The place possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.

The weatherboard 1905 platform building is considered a rare example for an urban context, and reflects the semi-rural nature of the area when it was built (the only other example on the Illawarra line of a weatherboard platform building in metropolitan context is at Penshurst), and it is one of only four extant weatherboard platform buildings of its type on the Illawarra line.

The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural or natural places/environments in New South Wales.

The Oatley platform building is an example of a standard roadside building converted to an island platform building. The building is one of four weatherboard standard island platform buildings on the Illawarra line with other examples at Austinmer, Penshurst and Thirroul. The Oatley platform building is the most altered of the four extant examples (note there are 12 stations on the Illawarra line with brick examples of this type of platform building).

The Mulga Road underbridge is a good representative example of brick arch construction. The Mulga Road underbridge is thought to be the second largest brick arch underbridge in the railway system.

The concrete location hut is a good representative example of an Inter War period pre-cast concrete railway structure, one of many examples in the NSW Railway network.

title: Oatley railway station


text:
Talk:Okinawan language/Conjugation

 * The ~chu'un, "ja" series ~yun, ~nēn, ~sēn, and ~dōn categories have exactly one verb each, i.e. they are irregular.

title: Talk:Okinawan language/Conjugation


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Chin-Chou

Chin-Chou, Chinchou or Chinchow may refer to:

Cities in China

 * Jinzhou, Liaoning
 * Jinzhou, Jinzhou
 * Jinzhou, Dalian
 * Jinzhou, Hebei
 * Jinzhou, Ningxiang
 * Quanzhou, Fujian

Provinces in China

 * Jinzhou Province

Other

 * Chinchou, a Pokémon
 * Qiu Jin (1875–1907), Chinese revolutionary, feminist, and writer

title: Chin-Chou


text:
Alex Taylor

Alex or Alexander or Alexandra Taylor may refer to:

Actors and theatrical professionals

 * Alex Taylor, stage name used by pornographic actress Adriana Molinari (born 1970)
 * Alex Cole Taylor, acting teacher

Businesspeople

 * Alex Taylor (businessman) (1853–1916), Canadian entrepreneur, inventor and politician
 * Alexander C. Taylor, American businessman, CEO of Cox Enterprises

Politicians

 * Alex Taylor (Australian politician) (1906–1976), Australian politician
 * Alex Taylor (Canadian politician) (born 1936), Canadian politician
 * Alexander Donald Taylor (born 1928), Australian politician
 * Alexander W. Taylor (1815–1893), US Representative from Pennsylvania

Sportspeople

 * Alex Taylor (American football) (born 1997), American football offensive tackle
 * Alex Taylor (footballer) (born 1962), Scottish footballer
 * Alex Taylor (rugby union) (born 1990), New Zealand rugby union player
 * Alexandra Taylor (born 1994), Cypriot alpine skier

Other people

 * Alex Taylor (British Army officer) (born 1970), British Army major general
 * Alex Taylor (singer) (1947–1993), American singer, brother of James Taylor
 * Alexander Taylor (physician) (1802–1879), Scottish physician active in France
 * Alexander Burt Taylor (1904–1972), Registrar General for Scotland
 * Alexander Smith Taylor (1817–1876), American author and historian of California

Characters

 * Alex Taylor (Third Watch character) (Alexandra), played by actress Amy Carlson

title: Alex Taylor


text:
User:Kevin Baas/Analysis

The DSM Coordination Center is a center for coordinating all things in support of exposing the truth behind the Administration's handling and presentation of pre-war intelligence, and whether the president was determined to go to war with Iraq prior to assessing and regardless of the facts, intelligence, and legality. The goals of this center are to aggregate information, prepare representatives (fight misinformation and propaganda), coordinate actions, and disseminate news.

Antimisinformation • Information • News • Analysis • Strategy • Action • Coordinate

Links to Preliminary Analysis

 * http://www.afterdowningstreet.org/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=121

Sources to Analyize

 * http://mariestwocents.blogspot.com/2005/06/downing-street-memo-crap.html
 * http://wizbangblog.com/

Analysis of the pre-war Republican Strategy, and its effects on the illusioned

 * (the new york review of books)

title: User:Kevin Baas/Analysis


text:
Talk:States General of the Netherlands

Estates-General
I don't think that "Estates-General" is accurate. In France, the legislature was called the Estates-General because it was a General Assembly of all the Estates, or social classes. In the Netherlands, the legislature consisted of representatives from each province, or state. Hence States-General. The current Dutch legislature is a descendant of the originial states-legislature.--Henrybaker 04:08, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I agree, henceforth I suggest a change if and when no opposing comment is given on this talk page. -- kaivanmil 10:47, 14 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Change. Intangible 18:26, 7 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Your basic assumption is wrong: the provinces weren't the States: each province had its own States; however it's true that the States-General were not the direct representation of the Estates of all the Netherlands, but only indirectly by assembling representatives of the provincial States. But all this is moot: what matters is that even in the 17th century most British sources simply called them the "States-General".--MWAK 09:45, 4 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Since there seems to be agreement, I'm going to go ahead and move this. Ddye 22:36, 16 May 2006 (UTC)

 * The accurate English translation is confusingly General Estates, however. Gerard von Hebel (talk) 10:03, 6 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Rrius(talk) today edited out the changes in the lead the above entries apparently refer to. I did not contribute to the lead, so I have no dog in this fight. But it occurred to me that the etymology of the Dutch name Staten-Generaal is a worthy subject for this article and should be taken up by somebody who knows what he is editing about :-) I would especially appreciate a citation or two, to support any edits, instead of just wildly excising other people's contributions.--Ereunetes (talk) 18:34, 11 April 2013 (UTC)
 * I'm afraid you are under a misapprehension. I excised the part that claimed "Commons" (in reference to the British House of Commons") related to class because it does not. In doing so, I left intact the discussion of the Dutch term. I also fixed a verb: it said, "...became to mean", which I corrected to "...came to mean". -Rrius (talk) 22:36, 11 April 2013 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the clarification. I have to agree with your reasoning. But that leaves the question about the correct etymology of the Dutch word, and of the English word that is used for its translation (two different matters, I think). So I hope someone will come with a solution. If I have time I will look into it myself.--Ereunetes (talk) 00:26, 12 April 2013 (UTC)
 * I think my edit of today reflects the above consensus.--Ereunetes (talk) 23:58, 12 April 2013 (UTC)
 * This is hard work: I had to rewrite the entire Netherlands section of the Estates of the Realm article. The article The Estates is beyond salvage, I think. Incidentally, I think I discovered the source of the corrupted English translation of Hoogmogende Heren as "High and Mighty Lords'. It turns out that it is the correct translation of Celsos Potentesque Dominos as which the States-General were always referred to in international treaties. That indeed means "High and Mighty Lords" (enclitic -que), but it should have been potentissimos Dominos (here accusative; there were no doubt examples of other cases), because the Dutch hoogmogend is a superlative adjective (comparative: grootmogend). So somebody had been sleeping in Latin school:-) I put it in a footnote, as it should not interrupt the flow of the narrative, but I think it is a nice piece of trivia :-)--Ereunetes (talk) 18:45, 13 April 2013 (UTC)

Lower House
If the "Lower House" is the more important body why is it the lower house? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.108.105.34 (talk • contribs) 11:29, 25 January 2006

 * And why are the Commons so common? :o)--MWAK 09:45, 4 April 2006 (UTC)

States General of the Dutch Republic
Shouldn't there be a separate article for the states general of the Dutch Republic instead of combining it all into one article. Wikipedia has seperate articles for the Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Parliament of Great Britain, these two institutions are fundamentally not very different yet they have different articles. on the other hand the States General of the Kingdom of the Netherlands is almost nothing like the original states general, yet they have the same article. In actuality, there is almost nothing on wikipedia about the political system of the dutch republic, (voting requirements, number of representatives, enumerated powers etc.), personally I find that very inadequate for Europe's first modern republic.--99.135.145.35 (talk) 01:57, 13 November 2010 (UTC)

Rewrite history section
I have largely rewritten the history section as the previous version was confusing, riddled with inaccuracies and misconceptions, and did not adequately treat the different phases in the historical evolution of the institution. I think it is correct (like suggested above) that the current States-General (founded in 1814) has little continuity (except the name) with the version that was founded under the Burgundian Netherlands and continued under the Habsburg Netherlands and the Dutch Republic. A separate article about the older institution might therefore be justified. However, it would be difficult to disentangle all the wikilinks that link from other articles, so for practical reasons it is probably best to keep everything in this article.--Ereunetes (talk) 22:38, 9 March 2013 (UTC)

New diagram
I would like to replace the current infobox diagram of the House of Representatives with this one I made with the Parliament diagram creator. It's the first time I've made one, so I'd like to know whether I've done it properly before I place it. Thanks. (Luxorr (talk) 07:35, 16 October 2013 (UTC))
 * I've replaced the image since there seem to be no objections. (Luxorr (talk) 12:16, 22 October 2013 (UTC))

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the proposal was moved. --BDD (talk) 18:16, 14 February 2014 (UTC)

States-General of the Netherlands → States General of the Netherlands – The official site speaks of the States General (without a dash), the very first sentence is even "The official name of the Dutch Parliament is the States General (Staten-Generaal).", so I propose moving this article. (Luxorr (talk) 21:58, 7 February 2014 (UTC))
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 22:07, 5 August 2018 (UTC)
 * PvdA-partijraadvergadering in Amsterdam, Anne Vermeer, voorzitter Eerste Kamerfractie PvdA, kop - NL-HaNA Anefo 933-8700 WM600.jpg

Oldest living members?
It looks very silly to have a list of 'oldest living members'. Why is this relevant? Age does not play a role in Dutch politics, and these are even former members of parliament... effeietsanders 02:36, 21 December 2019 (UTC)

A few remarks about "hoogmogende heeren" and its standard English translation "high and mighty lords"
Hoogmogende Heeren was the honorific form of address the States General insisted on for their foreign and domestic communications. The Dutch word hoogmogende is somewhat archaic. It is a compound word, constructed from the adjective mogende (powerful or mighty; the word further exists as part of the Dutch word mogendheid as in grote mogendheden or "Great Powers") that is modified by the adverb hoog (highly). Similar constructions in Dutch are hooggeleerd (highly educated) for university professors, and edelhoogachtbare (your high honor) for members of the Dutch Supreme Court. Hoogfrequent (high-frequency) is a more modern example of the construction. One would expect that the word would be translated as "highly powerful" in English (or maybe as "high-powered", which can be said of an executive in modern English), but the standard translation is, and has always been, "high and mighty". This is remarkable for two reasons. In the first place "high and mighty" changes the meaning of the expression subtly: both are adjectives, and "high" no longer modifies "mighty", as in the original Dutch. The etymology of "high and mighty" further shows that the expression dates from the 1400s (long before the existence of the Dutch Republic) and that by the 1600s (when the English state first recognized the new Dutch state diplomatically) the expression had acquired a somewhat pejorative connotation, like "arrogant, imperious" So the question arises: why this apparently incorrect translation, even though the error seems obvious? My research into the matter seems to show that the source of the error appears to lie with the Dutch. In diplomatic correspondence the States General themselves used "incorrect" translations: haults et puissants Seigneurs in French, and several forms in Latin. In the Peace of Münster of 1648 and the Treaty of Westminster (1654) the construction celsos potentesque Dominos (high and mighty lords) is used. Later treaties in Latin use the construction celsos ac praepotentes Dominos (high and very mighty lords; one would have expected that the celsos would have been dropped, as praepotentes is a fully adequate translation of hoogmogende, better than the superlative potentissimos). However this may be, the Dutch themselves evidently used the construction "high and mighty" in these instances. Even in official documents in the Dutch language like placards at least in the early 17th century, the construction used was hooghe ende mogende heeren. However, in later documents, from about 1637 on, the construction had become hooghe mogende heeren (dropping the connective ende, but still two words). And still later the compound word hoogmogende came into general use. But by then the unfortunate English translation had become standard, apparently. Unfortunately, because of the generally fraught state of affairs in Anglo-Dutch relations in the middle 17th century the pejorative connotations of "high-and-mighty" gave occasion to all kinds of derived pejorative expressions, like "hogen-mogen" in the time in which the English language was also "enriched" with expressions like Dutch courage, Dutch uncle, Dutch treat. Though intended as an honorific "high and mighty lords" became, unwittingly or not, a term of derision.--Ereunetes (talk) 23:23, 28 December 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:States General of the Netherlands


text:
Black Belt (region of Alabama)

The Black Belt is a region of the U.S. state of Alabama. The term originally referred to the region's rich, black soil, much of it in the soil order Vertisols. The term took on an additional meaning in the 19th century, when the region was developed for cotton plantation agriculture, in which the workers were enslaved African Americans. After the American Civil War, many freedmen stayed in the area as sharecroppers and tenant farmers, continuing to comprise a majority of the population in many of these counties.

The physical geography of the "Black Belt," as related to the history of this cotton-dependent region, refers to a much larger region of the Southern United States, stretching from Delaware to Texas but centered on the Black Belt of uplands areas of Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana.

In the Antebellum and Jim Crow eras, the white elite of the Black Belt dominated Alabama state politics well into the 1960s, a trend that has continued to the current day. As in other Southern states, the white-dominated state legislature of Alabama passed laws and a constitution that created barriers to voter registration, essentially disenfranchising most blacks and many poor whites.

In addition, the state legislature did not redistrict congressional or state legislative districts after 1901 until it did so in the 1960s under US Supreme Court order. The white rural elite continued to dominate the state despite the rise of urbanized, industrial cities such as Birmingham. Montgomery, the Black Belt's largest city, has been the capital of Alabama since 1846. Montgomery, Selma and other parts of the Black Belt were important centers of African-American public activism during the civil rights movement from c.1954 to 1968.

Since the black population gained the renewed ability to exercise the franchise under the Voting Rights Act of 1965, they have largely supported Democratic Party candidates. This is in contrast to the majority-white areas of the state, where since the late 20th century, conservatives have largely shifted from the Democratic to the Republican Party.

The Alabama Black Belt National Heritage Area was established in the National Heritage Area Act in 2022, signed into law by President Joe Biden on January 6, 2023. The National Heritage Area will help preserve historic sites of Black history the Civil Rights movement and promote tourism across 19 counties.

Geology
The region is underlain by a thin layer of rich, black soil developed atop the chalk of the Selma Group, a geologic unit dating to the Cretaceous.

History
Lacking a reliable source of water, the earliest settlers avoided farming the black soil in the belt until the discovery that deep artesian wells could be drilled to supply water for people, livestock, and crops. Beginning in the 1830s after Indian Removal, cotton plantations were developed that produced the commodity crop that became Alabama's greatest source of wealth. Before the American Civil War, these plantations were worked by thousands of African-American slaves. The Black Belt region had the highest density of population in the state and was majority-black.

The white planters and their elected representatives of the Black Belt established political power in the state legislature in the cotton era; the white rural elite retained their dominance long after the state began to develop more urbanized areas and an industrial economy. The state legislature did not redistrict to reflect population changes and the rise of urban areas from 1901 to 1972, when it was ordered by a federal court, following important apportionment cases such as Baker v. Carr (1964). Birmingham, the largest and most industrialized city in the state, was among those whose residents, both black and white, had been underrepresented for decades in the state legislature.

The Black Belt's largest city, Montgomery, was designated as the capital of Alabama in 1846. Because Alabama was geographically central to the slave states, Montgomery was also designated as the original capital of the Confederate States of America. The region's distance from the front lines during the American Civil War saved it from much of the ravages of war. Many of the Greek Revival mansions of the 19th-century planters have survived, as have some of the plantations' slave quarters. Gaineswood in Demopolis and Magnolia Grove in Greensboro, Alabama, are among those that can be visited by tourists today.

Many descendants of freed slaves continued to work as sharecroppers and laborers after emancipation, but many migrated among the counties, moved to cities, or left the state for other opportunities. Around 1910–20, the infestation of the cotton crop by the boll weevil destroyed much of the crops and plantation system, but the lingering effects of a cotton economy remain evident. To escape lynchings and social oppression, and after the boll weevil and increased mechanization of agriculture, thousands of African Americans left Alabama to go to industrial cities of the North and Midwest in the Great Migration of the first half of the 20th century. But African Americans continue to make up the majority of the population in most rural Black Belt counties. Today the term "Black Belt" is mostly used by scholars and the media as a geologic characterization.

Some of the most important events of the Civil Rights Movement occurred in the Black Belt of Alabama. These included Rosa Parks' refusal to give up her bus seat, which led to the Montgomery bus boycott; the Selma to Montgomery marches of 1965 and voter registration reform drives, focusing in Selma, to enable African Americans to vote (see Voting Rights Act). They had been essentially disenfranchised after conservative white Democrats regained political power in the state in the late 19th century. White Americans made voter registration and voting so difficult that most black and many poor white Americans were excluded from the political system for decades.

Today, Alabama's rural Black Belt includes some of the poorest counties in the United States. Along with high rates of poverty, the area is typified by declining populations, a primarily agricultural landscape with low-density settlement, high unemployment, poor access to education and medical care, substandard housing and high rates of crime.

Counties
The list of counties comprising the Black Belt is often dependent on the context but historically includes 18 counties:

• Barbour

• Bullock

• Butler

• Choctaw

• Crenshaw

• Dallas

• Greene

• Hale

• Lowndes

• Macon

• Marengo

• Montgomery

• Perry

• Pickens

• Pike

• Russell

• Sumter

• Wilcox

Clarke, Conecuh, Escambia, Monroe, and Washington counties are sometimes included in the region, but are usually considered part of Alabama's southern coastal plain. Lamar does not meet the soil traits but is often included due to its rural character.

Demographics
As of the 2000 census, Alabama's 18-county Black Belt region had a population of 589,041 (13.25% of the state's total population). There were 226,191 households and 153,357 families residing within the region.

The racial makeup of the Black Belt region was 52.24% African American (307,734 people), 45.87% White (270,175 people), 0.25% Native American (1,472 people), 0.52% Asian (3,067 people), 0.03% Pacific Islander (153 people), 0.31% from other races (1,850 people), and 0.78% from two or more races (4,590 people). Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 1.09% of the population (6,404 people).

The median income for a household in the Black Belt region was $27,130, and the median income for a family was $35,698. Males had a median income of $32,226 versus $22,021 for females. The per capita income for the region was $15,633.

A July 1, 2007 U.S. Census Bureau estimate placed the region's population at 575,783, a decline of 2.25% since 2000.

Politics
In electoral maps of the 20th and early 21st centuries, the Black Belt has appeared as a "Blue Belt" because of the voters' strong support for the Democratic Party. With the exception of parts of the city of Birmingham, the outline of Alabama's 7th congressional district roughly matches the western Black Belt region. Terri Sewell (D) currently represents that district in the United States House of Representatives.

title: Black Belt (region of Alabama)


text:
Musul

Musul may stand for:

 * The city of Mosul, Iraq
 * An alternate name for Wushu, a Chinese martial art
 * Korean martial arts

title: Musul


text:
St Paul's College, University of Sydney

St Paul's College (commonly known as Paul's) is an Anglican residential college within the University of Sydney in Sydney, Australia. Founded in 1856, it is Australia's oldest university college. Its alumni, referred to as "Old Paulines", include prime ministers, deputy prime ministers, federal and state government ministers, High Court of Australia justices, Court of Appeal presidents and justices, Supreme Court chief justices and justices, pioneering surgeons and physicists, Australian of the Year recipients and 29 Rhodes Scholars.

The College has nearly 420 residents, of whom about 300 are undergraduate men and women; the remainder are postgraduate men and women undertaking further study or holding university positions. In 2019, the College opened Graduate House at St Paul's College, a community of 140 postgraduate students and university academics with its own additional facilities on the grounds. In 2023 it became fully co-residential, opening to male and female undergraduates. It retains most of its original 18 acre grant and has its own oval.

History
St Paul's was the first university college established in Australia. It was founded in 1856 following an unsuccessful attempt by members of the Anglican Church to incorporate the earlier St James's College within the new University of Sydney. The founders of the University of Sydney had initially intended to emulate the collegiate structure of Oxford and Cambridge, and the founding of St Paul's as the first of the colleges was a key development as part of this vision.

The original building was designed in Gothic style by English-born architect Edmund Blacket. Blacket was a distinguished ecclesiastical architect; he also designed the main university building and would go on to supervise the construction of the Catholic St John's College at the same university. Other buildings include a chapel (designed by John Leslie Stephen Mansfield and completed in 1960) and a residential wing designed by Clive Lucas, Stapleton & Partners which opened in 1999.

By this time the College had its own distinct intellectual tradition, foreshadowed by the founders, a liberal Anglicanism which took seriously the challenges involved in combining religious and secular knowledge and in making the English Church useful to the Australian nation. The number of Paulines from this period who are now listed in the Australian Dictionary of Biography is evidence of the way the College was in step with the times.

The new governing document provides for a college council with 12 fellows, four of whom must be elected Anglican clergy, six elected laymen and two appointed laymen - of which one must be a University of Sydney academic. Fellows serve six-year, renewable terms and are elected by graduates of the College who have spent at least three semesters in residence. The College is an independent body corporate, legally designated as "The Warden and Fellows of St Paul's College".

At the 2010 World University Debating Championship two former Paul's students (Chris Croke and Steve Hind) took the title, winning the final against teams from Oxford, Harvard and the London School of Economics. Since the 1890s, the College has fostered social-justice ideals (as part of the liberal Anglican tradition) and most students are involved at some point in philanthropic activities. During the first decade of the 21st century, half the male Rhodes Scholars from Sydney University have been Paulines. In 2010, Jack Manning Bancroft was named NSW Young Australian of the Year for his work in indigenous education.

Heraldry
Officially granted by the Earl Marshal in 1961, the College coat of arms displays crossed swords and the Maltese cross to represent St Paul in the official colours of gold and gules. The College motto, Deo Patriae Tibi, can be translated "For God, Country and Thyself" or, more poetically, "God, Thy Native Land and Thee."

Academic honours
The College boasts a long list of academic honours and its website lists many University Medallists since 2005. Its Rhodes Scholarship list is given below:
 * 1907Garnet Vere Portus (1883–1954; in College 1903–04), afterwards cleric, Professor of History and Political Science, University of Adelaide, and radio broadcaster
 * 1908Richard Granville Waddy (1885–1974; in College 1905–09), afterwards medical practitioner
 * 1911Hugh Kingsley Ward (1887–1972; in College 1909–10), afterwards Professor of Bacteriology, University of Sydney
 * 1915Walter Ferguson Crawford (1894–1978; in College 1913–14), afterwards knighted, Governor of Northern Sudan
 * 1920Vernon Haddon Treatt (1897–1984; in College 1915–16), afterwards knighted, NSW Minister for Justice and Chief Commissioner for the City of Sydney
 * 1925Allan Robert Callaghan (1903–93; in College 1922–24), afterwards knighted and South Australian Director of Agriculture
 * 1931David Arthur Garnsey (1909–96; in College 1927–29), afterwards Bishop of Gippsland
 * 1935Keith Noel Everal Bradfield (1910–2006; in College 1930–33), afterwards OBE and Civil Aviation Advisor to the Government of Papua New Guinea
 * 1939Walter Laurence Hughes (1917–99; in College 1934–38), afterwards Kt, head of an engineering and shipbuilding firm and government adviser
 * 1940Basil Holmes Travers (1919–98; in College 1938–39), afterwards Headmaster of Shore
 * 1946William Winslow Woodward (1920–87; in College 1939–40), afterwards medical practitioner
 * 1948Louis Walter Davies (1923–2001; in College 1941), afterwards AO and Professor of Electrical Engineering, University of NSW
 * 1951Adrian Peter Henchman (1927–89; in College 1946–50), afterwards Sydney solicitor
 * 1953James Graham McLeod (b 1932; in College 1949–53), afterwards AO and Professor of Neurology, Sydney University
 * 1956John Maxwell Bailey (b 1935; in College 1954), afterwards attached to the European Atomic Energy Commission, Geneva
 * 1960Malcolm John Swinburn (b 1937; in College 1956–60), afterwards a medical practitioner
 * 1961Peter Garnsey (b 1938; in College 1956–60), afterwards Professor of the History of Classical Antiquity, Cambridge, and Fellow of Jesus College
 * 1964John Dyson Heydon (b 1943; in College 1960–64), afterwards AC and High Court justice
 * 1975Peter Edward King (b 1952; in College 1971–75), afterwards Sydney barrister and Federal MP
 * 1990Andrew Scott Bell (b 1966; in College 1985–89), afterwards Sydney barrister (SC), Chief Justice and Lieutenant Governor of NSW
 * 1992Scott Nixon (b 1968; in College 1986–91), afterwards Sydney barrister
 * 1995Peter Raymond Barnett (b 1971; in College 1990–94), afterwards UK businessman and philanthropist
 * 2001Andrew Henry Charlton (b 1978; in College 1997–99), afterwards Director of AlphaBeta and Federal MP
 * 2003Benjamin Juratowitch (b 1978; in College 1998), afterwards Paris barrister (QC)
 * 2007Eric Ronald Wing-Fai Knight (b 1983; in College 2002–04), afterwards Associate Professor and Pro-Vice-Chancellor (Research, Enterprise and Engagement), University of Sydney
 * 2009Nikolas Norman Patrick Kirby (b 1984; in College 2005–09), afterwards Research Fellow in Philosophy and Public Policy, Blavatnik School of Government, Oxford
 * 2010David Colin Conway Llewellyn (b 1985; in College 2006–09), afterwards CEO of the Good Lad Initiative and DJS Antibodies
 * 2011Nathaniel Jon Ware (b 1988; in College 2009–11), afterwards social impact economist
 * 2013Patrick Harry Brian Bateman (b 1987; in College 2006-10), afterwards management consultant and policy adviser

Wardens
The following individuals have served as Warden of St Paul's College:

Notable alumni
Alumni of St Paul's College are referred to as Old Paulines. Alumni include two former Prime Ministers, three High Court judges, Supreme Court judges and 29 Rhodes Scholars, as well as influential figures in business, the law, public service, religion, science, the arts and sports.

Among the most notable Old Paulines are Sir William McMahon, 20th Prime Minister of Australia (1971–1972), Gough Whitlam, 21st Prime Minister of Australia (1972 to 1975), John Anderson, former Deputy Prime Minister of Australia (1999-2005), incumbent Chief Justice of New South Wales Andrew Bell, prominent barrister Bret Walker, journalist Tony Jones, cricketer Ed Cowan, media proprietor Warwick Oswald Fairfax and comedian Adam Spencer.

Controversy
In June 2012, an article in a local Australian newspaper critical of an event with the theme "End of the British Raj". College students adopted a dress code of "white tie or colonial uniform", and were served by the usual college catering staff, many of Indian and south Asian descent, dressed in colourful traditional cultural garments. On 6 June 2012, the University Student Representative Council passed a motion condemning the themed party by writing a letter to the College's spokesman and the Warden asking for an explanation. Later, many Indian media groups covered this news with copies of the original Sydney Morning Herald article.

Allegations of sexism surfaced in 2017 following a post on the College's Facebook page which compared women to "harpooned whales". The College declined to participate in a university-wide review into culture led by Elizabeth Broderick, instead planning to undertake their own externally managed review. Michael Spence, the vice-chancellor of the University of Sydney, raised concerns regarding the "deep contempt for women" and the "cultural problems" at the College. In June 2017, Ivan Head, the Warden of the College, who had been in the role for 22 years, retired amid concerns regarding his leadership. Following Broderick's review into college culture at the University of Sydney's colleges, St Paul's released a response in which it indicated it would address all recommendations.

title: St Paul's College, University of Sydney


text:
Jedi Academy trilogy

The Jedi Academy trilogy is a trilogy of science fiction novels set in the Star Wars Expanded Universe. All three books were written by Kevin J. Anderson and published in 1994. The plot takes place around seven years after the events of the 1983 film Return of the Jedi. The series chronicles Luke Skywalker's early attempts to rebuild the Jedi Order after the defeat of the Emperor. Some of the events in the trilogy are retold from a different perspective in I, Jedi by Michael A. Stackpole.

Jedi Search
As Luke Skywalker embarks on the initial phase of establishing an academy to educate a fresh generation of Jedi Knights, Han Solo and Chewbacca find themselves captured on the planet Kessel. Compelled to toil in the unfathomable depths of a spice mine, their circumstances become increasingly dire. Following their daring escape, Solo and Chewbacca embark on a treacherous journey to a clandestine Imperial research facility, encircled by a cluster of ominous black holes, where they encounter an even more perilous situation.

Dark Apprentice
While the New Republic struggles to decide what to do with the deadly Sun Crusher—a new doomsday weapon stolen from the Empire by Han Solo — the renegade Imperial Admiral Daala uses her fleet of Star Destroyers to conduct guerrilla warfare on peaceful planets.

Champions of the Force
Kyp Durron continues his rampage to destroy the Galactic Empire with the Sun Crusher to avenge his brother (whom he inadvertently kills when he destroys Carida). Luke, who was in a state of suspended animation after the fight between himself and Exar Kun, made every attempt he can to save his body from the evil spirit of Exar Kun. After reaching out to the Jedi twins, he warns them about the danger. In the end, all the apprentices unite and Exar Kun is destroyed.

Reception
io9 derided the Sun Crusher as an implausible "Mary Sue" vessel, as a "small ship with the ability to destroy entire star systems, thanks to its 11 'energy resonance torpedoes.' It has a hyperdrive, indestructible armor, can withstand shots from the Death Star laser and is basically completely unstoppable — oh, and even the Emperor didn't know about it, because no one would have possibly been able to explain its existence post-RotJ otherwise".

Legacy
Exar Kun was mentioned in the 2010 reference book The Jedi Path. While most existing Star Wars spin-off works were made non-canon in 2014 following the acquisition of Lucasfilm by Disney, Kun was referenced in the 2018 standalone film Solo: A Star Wars Story.

title: Jedi Academy trilogy


text:
File:RBIBaseballNES.png

Description
A screenshot of RBI Baseball for the NES, taken via FCE Ultra.

Fair use in R.B.I. Baseball
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) Namco has released no such images into the public domain, and a replacement image could not be created that would adequately provide the same information.
 * 2) The image is being used for no purpose other than to identify the subject of the article.
 * 3) The image resolution has been significantly decreased from the original, so copies made from it would be of inferior quality.
 * 4) The use of this image neither detracts from the game nor inhibits its salability in any way.

title: File:RBIBaseballNES.png


text: User talk:213.164.241.16

title: User talk:213.164.241.16


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Alt.slack

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete Sjakkalle (Check!)  13:47, 18 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Alt.slack
This was tagged as speedy, but it does not qualify since this usenet newsgroup does in fact exist -- it pertains to The Church of the SubGenius, its members, and its members' activities. I abstain. Zzyzx11 (Talk) 04:17, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, few usenet groups are encyclopedia material --nixie 04:21, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, per nixie's wisdom. -- BD2412 talk 04:43, 2005 Jun 9 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect to either Church of the SubGenius or (perhaps more appropriately Alt.binaries.slack. 23skidoo 05:48, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete not encyclopedic. JamesBurns 10:57, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Church of the SubGenius already contains an external link to alt.slack, and this article contains no further material to merge.  No need to redirect.  Real newsgroup, verifiable but with no potential for encyclopedic expansion.  Barno 19:42, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Church of the SubGenius. alt.binaries.slack should probably do the same as well.  -Sean Curtin 06:56, Jun 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text: User talk:203.166.62.200

title: User talk:203.166.62.200


text:
Talk:Manchurian Railway

Genesis
Reference to this railway occurs repeatedly in contemporary and historical accounts of the Russo-Japanese War. Inasmuch as one legitimate view of the war is one fought over who would control and dominate the region serviced by the Southern Manchurian Railway spurline, and virtually all the wars battles were fought near it, this article seems necessary. Fabartus 04:20, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Support and Keep (pre-emptive strike against deletionists) ;) --Jpbrenna 7 July 2005 02:58 (UTC)

title: Talk:Manchurian Railway


text:
Talk:Virtues of Harmony

Cleanup
Article needs to be wikified, sectioned off with headings and possible paraphrasing or condense some of the content to make the article easier to read and understand. <> Who ? ¿ ? 04:21, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Sitcom
It is stated that this is a sitcom. But is it? Does it involve a live audience during filming in an indoor set?--Huaiwei 07:58, 4 September 2005 (UTC)
 * May I quote the followings from sitcom and laugh track to answer this question..,

 * " Most contemporary situation comedies are filmed with a multicamera setup in front of a live studio audience, then edited and broadcast days or weeks later. This practice has not always been universal, however, especially prior to the 1970s when it became more common. Some comedies, such as M*A*S*H, were not filmed before an audience. (In the case of M*A*S*H, the use of multiple sets and location filming would have made this impractical.) In British sitcoms in recent years there has been a movement away from filming in front of a live audience and several, including The Office and People Like Us have dispensed with the laughter track altogether. "

 * " Larry Gelbart, creator of the TV series M*A*S*H, has said that he initially wanted the show to air entirely without a laugh track, but this idea was rejected by the CBS TV network. Eventually a compromise was reached, and the laugh track was omitted from all operating room scenes on the show. Some syndicated and international versions omitted the laugh track completely, and the DVD release gives the viewer a choice of laughing or non-laughing soundtracks.
 * " In Britain most sitcoms are taped before live audiences to provide natural laughter. Some shows do omit laugh tracks altogether, notably The Royle Family and The Office. The League of Gentlemen was originally broadcast with a laugh track, but after the first two series this was dropped, probably at the insistence of its cast/creators. "

 * In Hong Kong, it's uncommon for TV drama to be produced before live audience. — Instantnood 18:11, September 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * But that is pceisely the point. A TV drama and a Sitcom are actually quite different, so is it a TV drama or a sitcom?--Huaiwei 01:37, 5 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Not an easy question.. The infobox of M*A*S*H says it's a sitcom and dramedy. — Instantnood 08:16, September 5, 2005 (UTC)
 * Virtues of Harmony was screened on Singaporean television just a few months ago, and honestly, people who have been watching HK dramas all these while wont exactly call it a sitcom, especially when compared to the "traditional" sense of a situational comedy, such as in famed American ones like Friends. Sitcoms are not just about being funny. They are a distinctive artform, particularly in scripting, as well as in the way actors do their craft in front of the TV camera. Although I do agree that the line seems to be getting a little blurred nowadays, and this is one example which seems debatable. TVB itself seems to call it a sitcom as well as a drama at the same time!--Huaiwei 15:54, 5 September 2005 (UTC)

 * What exactly defines sitcom? Is live audience required? How most sitcoms are filmed should not define what sitcom is. The content and style of presentation defines what it is.  sitcom stands for "situation comedy" (compared it to standup comedy etc.)  By that definition, I would say this show is a sitcom, not a drama. Kowloonese 22:20, 30 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Lyrics possible copyvio?--203.124.2.18 08:14, 21 October 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Virtues of Harmony


text:
California State Route 12

State Route 12 (SR 12) is a state highway in the U.S. state of California that travels in an east–west direction from State Route 116 in Sebastopol in Sonoma County to State Route 49 just north of San Andreas in Calaveras County. The route connects the Sonoma and Napa valleys with the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta and the Sierra Foothills. It is constructed to freeway standards from the Fulton Road/South Wright Road stoplight in Santa Rosa, to its partial interchange with Farmers Lane (also in Santa Rosa).

Route description

There are six segments that are overlaps with other highways: in the Napa and Sonoma valleys with SR 121, in the southern Napa Valley with SR 29, a short overlap with I-80 at Cordelia Junction in Fairfield, another short overlap with SR 99 in Lodi, and overlaps with SR 88 and SR 26 in the Sierra foothills. The highway is mainly two lane rural highway, with the exception of short segments in Santa Rosa and Fairfield/Suisun City, the overlaps with I-80 and SR 99, and segments within developed areas, such as Santa Rosa and Lodi.

SR 12 begins in the west at its junction with SR 116 in Sebastopol. After passing east through Santa Rosa on a mix of freeway, surface street, and expressway, it turns south into the Sonoma Valley, passing the Jack London State Historic Park at Glen Ellen. It winds through Sonoma on surface streets, where the historic Vallejo Estate and Sonoma Mission, both part of the Sonoma State Historic Park, are.

South of Sonoma, SR 12 turns east, joining SR 121 for nearly nine miles, then turns south briefly as it leaves SR 121 and joins the four-lane expressway SR 29 to cross the Napa River. Four miles after joining SR 29 it splits off towards the east on Jameson Canyon Road; this section is also the 1928 re-alignment of the Lincoln Highway, the first road across America. After a brief merge with Interstate 80, SR 12 branches off to the east as an expressway through Fairfield and Suisun City. East of Suisun it becomes two lanes again and crosses south of Travis Air Force Base, through rolling fields with numerous wind turbines. Just past Braid's Bridge is the Western Railway Museum. At Rio Vista, SR 12 crosses the Helen Madere Memorial Bridge over the Sacramento River, entering the California Delta.

This stretch of the river has twice been the site of much-publicized inland excursions by humpback whales, presumably veering off course while making their annual migrations along the Pacific coast. In 1985 Humphrey the whale swam about as far as the Rio Vista Bridge. In 2007 a humpback mother and calf dubbed Delta and Dawn circled for several days just upstream of the bridge, seemingly reluctant to pass under it again after having spent the previous three or four weeks upriver near Sacramento.

From the Sacramento River to the junction with Interstate 5, SR 12 crosses several of the waterways of the California Delta and the low-lying fields between them. Through Lodi it becomes a wide four-lane business route. After another brief merger with another freeway, this time SR 99, SR 12 heads east into the Sierra foothills (with shared segments with SR 88 and SR 26) before ending at the junction with SR 49 just north of San Andreas.

SR 12 is part of the California Freeway and Expressway System, and in Sebastopol, from US 101 to Sonoma, and from I-80 to SR 88 is part of the National Highway System, a network of highways that are considered essential to the country's economy, defense, and mobility by the Federal Highway Administration. SR 12 is eligible to be included in the State Scenic Highway System; however, it is only designated as a scenic highway from its intersection with Danielli Avenue east of Santa Rosa to its junction with London Way near Agua Caliente, meaning that it is a substantial section of highway passing through a "memorable landscape" with no "visual intrusions", where the potential designation has gained popular favor with the community.

SR 12 has been designated by various state laws and through local usage as the Valley of the Moon Scenic Route (the portion running through Sonoma County, though the first sign with this name is at the intersection of Farmers Lane and Fourth Street in Santa Rosa); Luther Burbank Memorial Highway from Santa Rosa to Sebastopol (after botanist Luther Burbank). SR 12 is also known as Sonoma Highway between Santa Rosa and the west side of the city of Sonoma; Broadway between Sonoma Plaza and its junction with SR 121 in Schellville; Carneros Highway for the length of its concurrency with 121 between Schellville and its junction and the north end of its concurrency with SR 29 near Napa; Jameson Canyon Road from where its concurrency with SR 29 ends in American Canyon to its junction with I-80 in Cordelia; and Rio Vista Highway from I-80 to SR 160 east of Rio Vista, and informally as "Blood Alley" from Lodi to Fairfield. The segment through Lodi to the overlap with SR 99 is on Kettleman Lane.

History
Before the 1964 renumbering, this route was signed as Sign Route 12 for most of its length. However, SR 12 was designated as Legislative Route 51 (LR 51) from SR 116 to SR 121 before the 1964 renumbering. Portions of the route from SR 29 to I-80 ran concurrently with State Route 29 or with State Route 37; this was also LR 8 and a former routing of US 40. The portion from I-80 to then-US 99 was designated as LR 53 in 1919; from US 99 to SR 49, it was designated as LR 24.

In 1976, the discontinuity resulting from the concurrency with State Route 84 was removed.

In January 1996, photographer Charles O'Rear pulled off the highway east of Schellville near the Napa–Sonoma county line to photograph the lush hillside by the road. The image became known as Bliss and was used as the default computer wallpaper of Microsoft's Windows XP operating system.

Future extension
Plans call for a western extension of its western terminus to State Route 1 near Bodega Bay. Plans also called for Route 12 to be built as a freeway from Farmers Lane to Melita Road, in Santa Rosa; however, as of 2014, this project was delayed due to community opposition.

title: California State Route 12


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kill on Site

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Golbez 08:14, Jun 18, 2005 (UTC)

Kill on Site
Wikipedia is not an MMPORG slang dictionary. Denni ☯ 04:23, 2005 Jun 9 (UTC)
 * Delete. Maybe it could go on a list of MMPORG slang, but its own article? That just makes me chortle. -- BD2412 talk 04:42, 2005 Jun 9 (UTC)
 * Keep. Otherwise, I feel like entries such as Slashdotting or LOL should be nominated for deletion based on the same reasoning (slang) --Mysidia 07:41, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't think much more can be said about this apart from the dic def. Delete as dictionary definition. Of course, Slashdotting and LOL have much more meat to them and actually tell us about the phenomenon in question. - Mgm|(talk) 09:18, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: Could be added to MMORPG, but isn't it Kill on sight anyway? It's rather pointless to kill someone "on site" which would be the place they are standing as opposed to sight "the moment they are seen". Mgm|(talk) 09:21, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete And yes, I'm pretty sure "site" is a misspelling. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 11:46, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. --Oneliner 12:33, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, no redirect. MMORPG already has an entry for KoS, Kill on Sight.  No need for this ignorant misspelling to be propagated.  No need to transwiki to Wiktionary.  Barno 19:45, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Learned treatise

A learned treatise, in the law of evidence, is a text that is sufficiently authoritative in its field to be admissible as evidence in a court in support of the contentions made therein.

Under the common law, such evidence was at one time considered hearsay - a statement made out of court being introduced to prove the truth of the statement - and was not admissible except to rebut the testimony of an opposing expert witness. There were four ways to introduce such evidence:
 * 1) Adduce testimony that the opposing expert witness actually used that text to reach his conclusions;
 * 2) Adduce testimony by the opposing expert admitting that the text is an authority in the field;
 * 3) Have a friendly expert witness testifying against the opposing expert witness attest to the authoritativeness of the text.
 * 4) Have the judge take judicial notice of the text, if it is sufficiently notable that the average person would know that it is an authority (for example, Gray's Anatomy  ).

Under the Federal Rules of Evidence 803 (18), either party can introduce a learned treatise as evidence, irrespective of whether it is being used to rebut the opposing party. Such texts are now considered an exception to hearsay, with two limitations:
 * 1) For the learned treatise to be introduced, there must be an expert witness on the stand;
 * 2) Like a recorded recollection, the actual learned treatise does not go to the jury, but instead comes into evidence only by being read to the jury.

title: Learned treatise


text:
Ethyl methanesulfonate

Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) is an organosulfur compound with the formula CH3SO3C2H5. It is the ethyl ester of methanesulfonic acid. A colorless liquid, it is classified as an alkylating agent. EMS is the most commonly used chemical mutagen in experimental genetics. Mutations induced by EMS exposure can then be studied in genetic screens or other assays.

Use in biological research
EMS produces random mutations in genetic material by nucleotide substitution; particularly through G:C to A:T transitions induced by guanine alkylation. EMS typically produces only point mutations. Due to its potency and well understood mutational spectrum,

EMS can induce mutations at a rate of 5x10−4 to 5x10−2 per gene without substantial killing. A 5x10−4 per gene mutation rate observed in a typical EMS mutagenesis experiment of the model organism C. elegans, corresponds to a raw mutation rate of ~7x10−6 mutations per G/C base pair, or about 250 mutations within an originally mutagenized gamete (containing a ~100 Mbp, 36% GC haploid genome). Such a mutagenized gamete would have about 9 different loss-of-function mutations in genes, with 1 to 2 of these mutations being within essential genes and therefore lethal. However, since it is unlikely the same essential gene is mutated in independent gametes, and if loss of the essential gene did not kill the gamete itself, downstream gamete fusion often allows for survival of the resulting zygote and organism, as the now heterozygous non-functional mutated allele may be rescued by the still wildtype allele provided by the other gamete.

Mechanism of mutagenesis
The ethyl group of EMS reacts with guanine in DNA, forming the abnormal base O6-ethylguanine. During DNA replication, DNA polymerases that catalyze the process frequently place thymine, instead of cytosine, opposite O6-ethylguanine. Following subsequent rounds of replication, the original G:C base pair can become an A:T pair (a transition mutation). This changes the genetic information, is often harmful to cells, and can result in disease. RNA polymerase can also place uridine (RNA analog of thymine) opposite an O6-ethylguanine lesion.

Repair of mutagenic lesion
O6-ethylguanine can be repaired in vivo in a stoichiometric fashion by reacting with the active site cysteine of the O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase repair protein. The in vivo half-life of O6-ethylguanine was reported to be about 9 days in mouse brain, while it was about 1 day in mouse liver.

Induction of recombination
EMS induces mitotic recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It was suggested that EMS damage to DNA may result in a repair process leading to genetic exchange.

Bacteriophage T4 mutants defective in any one of six genes known to be required for genetic recombination were found to be more sensitive to inactivation by EMS than wild type bacteriophage. This finding suggests that a recombination process catalyzed by the proteins specified by these six genes is employed in repairing EMS lethal lesions in DNA.

Stability
Generally speaking EMS is unstable in water. It hydrolyzes to ethanol and methanesulfonic acid. At neutral to acidic pH at room temperature, it has a fairly long half-life of over 1 day. Therefore, EMS must be specifically degraded before disposal. Protocols call for degradation of EMS in an equal volume of a 0.1M NaOH and 20% w/v sodium thiosulfate "inactivating solution", for at least six half-lives (>24 hours). The half-life of EMS in 1M NaOH is 6 hours at room temperature, while in a 10% w/v sodium thiosulfate solution it has a half-life of 1.4 hours.

Safety
EMS is mutagenic, teratogenic, and carcinogenic.

title: Ethyl methanesulfonate


text:
Stuart A. Rice

Stuart Alan Rice (born January 6, 1932) is an American theoretical chemist and physical chemist. He is well known as a theoretical chemist who also does experimental research, having spent much of his career working in multiple areas of physical chemistry. He is currently the Frank P. Hixon Distinguished Service Professor Emeritus at the University of Chicago. During his tenure at the University of Chicago, Rice has trained more than 100 Ph.D. students and postdoctoral researchers. He received the National Medal of Science in 1999.

Education and career
Stuart Rice attended the Bronx High School of Science, received his bachelor's degree in 1952 from Brooklyn College, and earned his master's and doctorate from Harvard University in 1954 and 1955, respectively. He was almost unable to attend graduate school due to contracting tuberculosis, but was cured of the disease through an experimental treatment of isoniazid and streptomycin. He remained at Harvard as a junior fellow for three years, although he spent the last two years of the fellowship doing research work at Yale University's chemistry department. After the fellowship, he joined the faculty of The University of Chicago in 1957, where he has remained since.

Rice has served the university in a wide variety of capacities during his fifty-seven year tenure. He served as the director of the James Franck Institute (the university's center for physical chemistry and condensed matter physics) from 1961 to 1967. He was chairman of the department of chemistry from 1971 to 1976 and was dean of the physical sciences division from 1981 to 1995. He served as dean for the Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago from October 2006 through October 2010 and as interim president of the institute from October 2010 to April 2013.

In addition to his work at the university, he is currently on the board of governors at Tel Aviv University and has served as editor for the journals Chemical Physics Letters and Advances in Chemical Physics, and co-authored several physical chemistry textbooks with Stephen Berry and John Ross.

Research
Stuart Rice began his scientific career as a high school student and published on this work. He completed his doctoral dissertation under Paul Doty, contributing to the then-emerging field of DNA research; the project shared both experimental and theoretical components, which became a hallmark of his later work.

During his time at Yale, Stuart Rice began to study the transport properties of liquids. He helped to determine the properties of liquid noble gases and methane, while also exploring the theoretical background of transport in liquids as well, comparing the results to simulations of Lennard-Jones fluids.

Following this work he helped to develop the theory of electronic excitations (excitons) in molecular crystals and liquids, eventually moving into the area of radiationless molecular transitions, beginning his own experimental work after the development of the Bixon-Jortner model, while also working with collaborators on extending the theoretical model of these transitions. This research led him to investigate the effects of quantum chaos on excited molecules, and to couple the developing model of transitions with quantum chaos in order to attain control of the transition of excited molecules. This led to the field of Coherent control, quantum control through laser excitation, which was developed by other scientists at the University of Chicago.

At the same time, he also began work on understanding the electrical properties of liquid metals, where the lack of translational orders frustrated attempts to understand their electronic band structure. The discrepancy between the dielectric results of reflectivity and ellipsometry data of liquid mercury led to work on the nature of conductivity at the liquid-vapor surface of liquid metal, ultimately showing that the existence of ion inhomogeneities at the interface led to electronic changes in the bulk liquid that persist for several atomic diameters into a liquid.

Smaller research topics that Rice has published on included work on the chemistry of water, the theory of freezing liquids, the properties of monolayers on liquids, and confined colloidal systems, amongst others.

Honors and awards
Rice's most prestigious award is the National Medal of Science, the highest scientific prize awarded in the United States, in 1999. He was awarded the Wolf Prize in Chemistry in 2011, along with Krzysztof Matyjaszewski and Ching Tang. He is a Fellow of both the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and a member of the American Philosophical Society. In 1970 Rice was awarded the Llewellyn John and Harriet Manchester Quantrell Award for Excellence in Undergraduate Teaching, the nation’s oldest prize for undergraduate teaching, a highly esteemed faculty award at The University of Chicago.

Impact
Over the course of his long career Rice has shaped much debate on theoretical physical chemistry. He is cited on the National Medal of Science "for changing the very nature of modern physical chemistry through his research, teaching and writing, using imaginative approaches to both experiment and theory that have inspired a new generation of scientists." With over 100 doctoral students to his credit, Stuart Rice has had a great impact on the field of physical chemistry simply through the number of research scientists he has trained. Theoretical chemist David Tannor, who is the Hermann Mayer Professorial Chair in the department of chemical physics at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel, did his post-doc work with Stuart Rice and David W. Oxtoby at the University of Chicago.

Personal life
Rice is also famous on campus for eating lunch almost every weekday at the university's Quadrangle Club restaurant (a faculty club), where he has dined over 9,000 times. Rice is known to sit at the head of the Chemistry table, not because he is the most senior member of the department, but because he is very tall.

Rice was married to Marian Coopersmith from 1952 until her death in 1994.

title: Stuart A. Rice


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Jaco Island

Jaco Island (Ilha de Jaco, Illa Jako, Fataluku: Totina or Tontina) is an uninhabited island in East Timor, a country occupying the eastern end of the island of Timor in the Lesser Sunda Islands in Southeast Asia. It lies off the eastern tip with Cape Cutcha of the island of Timor (Aldeia Pitileti, Suco Tutuala, administrative post Tutuala, municipality Lautém).

Overview

Jaco is made of limestone formed from coral. Limestone cliffs and coral reefs surround the densely forested island, which is part of the Nino Konis Santana National Park.

Jaco Island lies just off the eastern end of the island of Timor, part of the Tutuala subdistrict in Lautém District, and is separated from the mainland in front of Valu Beach by a 600 m channel or strait (known as Jaco Strait) navigable by small vessels.

Jaco is regarded as sacred by the local population because the beach and the channel are sometimes said to be the points where Timor Sea (Tasi Mane, the men's sea) meets the boundary between the Banda Sea (Tasi Feto, the women's sea) including Wetar Strait to the north and Timor Sea to the south. According to the standard work Limits of Oceans and Seas, 3rd edition (1953), published by the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO), however, the only point where Timor meets those two seas is Tanjong Sewirawa (now known as Cape Cutcha), the eastern extremity of the Timorese mainland. Cape Cutcha is a short distance northwest of the island, and north of the beach. In principle, entering the island, fishing and swimming were therefore forbidden (Tara Bandu). Today, however, fishermen drive tourists from the opposite Valu Beach to the sandy beaches of Jaco for snorkelling and diving. Overnight stays on the island are still not allowed. In February and March, mechi, large feasts of Meci worms (Eunice viridis) are harvested from the sea on the north coast.

At least three places on the island have the remains of ancient fortifications built by the local population to protect settlements: Lai Vai, Pitilete and Honolati. In Portuguese, such fortifications are called tranqueira (English: cover, entrenchment). The only modern structure on the island was a lighthouse from the Indonesian occupation period, a white scaffold tower about 35 m high. It was shut down in 2010 and later dismantled.

The island is low-lying, with an area of 11 km2 and a maximum elevation of about 100 m. It is covered mainly by tropical dry forest, fringed by strand vegetation and white sandy beaches. There are some low cliffs on the southern coast.

The East Timorese warship NRTL Jaco is named after the island.

Climate
The average annual temperature is roughly 27 C. On average the island receives 1,436 mm of rain and the north and east coast of the small island is somewhat drier.

Wildlife
Jaco is listed by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area. The island supports populations of bar-necked cuckoo-doves, black cuckoo-doves, pink-headed imperial pigeons, streak-breasted honeyeaters, fawn-breasted whistlers, blue-cheeked flowerpeckers, flame-breasted sunbirds and Timor sparrows. Rare birds such as the great cuckoo dove ( Macropygia magna ) and the orpheus fathead ( Pachycephala orpheus ) live on the island, which is around 8 km2 in size and up to 100 meters high. Javan rusa ( Rusa timorensis ) are also found here which have become accustomed to drinking salt water due to the island's lack of fresh water. In 2019, about 80 deer were counted on the island. This year, however, as late rains in December withered the greenery, several deer died. 30 of them swam the 600 metres to the shore of Timor to look for food. The beaches in the southeast are used by sea turtles to lay their eggs. Reptiles living on the island include Smooth night skinks and Forest skinks. In the surrounding waters, you can observe whales and dolphins as well as numerous species of fish.

title: Jaco Island


text:
User:Sodaslayer

A sodaslayer is one who drinks a lot of soda. Sodaslayers are caffineaholics who need caffine to function normally. Sodaslayer is a compount word meaing "one who slays soda" which just means "one who drinks a lot of soda".

title: User:Sodaslayer


text:
Talk:Ethyl methanesulfonate

Formalities
This should probably have a whole infobox deal with the structure, atomic weight, etc; but I have no idea where this info is. Go for it. Mashford 66.82.9.91 04:26, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ethyl methanesulfonate


text: Talk:Township High School District 113

title: Talk:Township High School District 113


text:
Township High School District

A township high school district is a type of school district in the U.S. state of Illinois. Despite the name, such a district does not necessarily follow township boundaries anymore. (For example, District 211 and District 214, named below, each cover parts of Palatine Township in Cook County.)

Districts that use the name "Township High School District" and a number, but no further name, include:
 * Township High School District 113 — the Lake County district of Deerfield High School and Highland Park High School
 * Township High School District 211 — the Cook County district of James B. Conant High School, Fremd High School, Hoffman Estates High School, Palatine High School, and Schaumburg High School, and formerly known as Palatine Township High School District 211
 * Township High School District 214 — the Cook County district of Elk Grove and Wheeling townships (and a part of Palatine Township), and containing Buffalo Grove High School, Elk Grove High School, John Hersey High School, Prospect High School, Rolling Meadows High School, and Wheeling High School, and formerly Arlington High School and Forest View High School

title: Township High School District


text:
User:Akamad

So the speech was disturbing, the food was inedible, and the gift bags pretty frightening. And when GOB found out that he wasnt going to get any tips, the service got worse. Oh and that old racist woman choked on Buster's thumb. All in all it was one of the Bluth's better parties.

title: User:Akamad


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Republican Babe

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE   — Gwalla | Talk 19:07, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Republican Babe
Blog neologism. Delete, especially since the list includes Barbara Bush. Denni ☯ 04:33, 2005 Jun 9 (UTC)
 * Delete. Neologism, not a "commonly used term". If we were to let this in, we'd eventually have to let in every "Foo-political-orientation Babe". -- BD2412 talk 04:41, 2005 Jun 9 (UTC)
 * Delete For the love of God, I hope that's George W. Bush's daughter, not his mother, they're referring to. --Xcali 04:44, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: It's his wife; not Barbara Bush, but Laura Bush that they reference. jglc | t | c 18:38, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Basically just a combination dicdef of Republican and babe, along with some unverifiable and/or POV stuff. Delete. --Metropolitan90 06:05, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Same reasons already cited. Kaibabsquirrel 06:35, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, neologism, not to mention oxymoron. --Angr/undefined 07:45, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete neologism. JamesBurns 10:59, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - POV silly stuff. Blackcats 20:52, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Biased partisan political nonsense! Hohokus 23:31, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .