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John Lackey

John Derran Lackey (born October 23, 1978) is an American former professional baseball starting pitcher who played in Major League Baseball from 2002 through 2017 for the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, Boston Red Sox, St. Louis Cardinals and Chicago Cubs. A three-time World Series champion with three different teams, Lackey is regarded as a key figure in his clubs' postseason success, winning the title-clinching games of two out of the three Series. Selected to the MLB All-Star Game in 2007, he won that year's American League (AL) earned run average (ERA) title. After missing the 2012 season due to ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction surgery in his pitching elbow, and helping the Red Sox win the 2013 World Series, Lackey was named the winner of the Tony Conigliaro Award.

A right-handed pitcher and batter, the Anaheim Angels selected Lackey from Grayson County College in Texas in the 1999 amateur draft. He made his MLB debut with the Angels in 2002 and helped the franchise win its first World Series title that year. After winning more than 100 games with the Angels, Lackey signed with Boston in free agency prior to the 2010 season. Declining performance and elbow injuries in 2011 led him to allow the most earned runs in the American League before missing the next season due to elbow surgery. Lackey rebounded in 2013 to win his second championship. Boston traded him to St. Louis in July 2014, and prior to the 2016 season, he signed with Chicago as a free agent. Lackey earned his third World Series championship in 2016 with the Cubs.

Known for his intense competitiveness and overall durability, Lackey reached at least 200 innings pitched six times in his career, and in five seasons was in the top ten in games started. With the exception of his rookie season in 2002, he reached at least 10 wins every season of his career. In ten of his 15 seasons, he registered an ERA below 4.00 − once below 3.00 − and four times was in the top ten in ERA. He also twice reached the top ten in both wins and strikeouts. He appeared in ten postseasons overall, recording a career 8–6 record and 3.44 ERA over 144 innings. In 2007 and 2015, he received votes for the Cy Young Award.

Early life
Lackey was born in Abilene, Texas to Derran and Sharon Lackey. Before Lackey was in high school, he played at Dixie Little League in Abilene. Lackey attended Abilene High School, and was a letterman in football, basketball, and baseball. In baseball, he was a two-time first team All-District honoree and as a senior, he was also an All-State selection.

College career
He played one season of baseball at the University of Texas at Arlington (UTA), playing first base and sometimes moonlighting as a relief pitcher. The first summer after attending UTA, Lackey first learned to pitch in the Kansas Jayhawk Summer League. In 1999, he played on the Junior College World Series champion Grayson County College team in Denison, Texas, which went 50–13. In 100 innings pitched (IP), he posted a 10–3 record with a 4.23 earned run average (ERA) and 88 strikeouts. At the plate, he batted .428 with 15 home runs (HR) and 81 runs batted in (RBI). In the World Series, he tallied eight hits, two HR, and seven RBI.

Draft and minor leagues
The Anaheim Angels selected Lackey in the second round of the 1999 Major League Baseball draft as the 68th overall. He began his professional career with the Boise Hawks in the Short Season Class A Northwest League, posting a 6–2 record and a 4.98 ERA. Already in his first year, Lackey became known for his competitiveness. According to MLB.com, Tom Kotchman, the veteran manager, recalled "one particular game when he tried to replace Lackey only to have the tall Texan tell him otherwise. Sure enough, Kotchman trotted back to the dugout and Lackey kept dominating, as if to say, 'See? I'm not done yet.'"

In 2000, Lackey split his time between the Single-A Cedar Rapids Kernels, High-A Lake Elsinore Storm, and Double-A Erie SeaWolves. Because of his quick ascent up the minor league ladder, he was named the Angels' Minor League Pitcher of the Year, posting a combined 15–9 record with a 3.15 ERA. He began 2001 with Double-A Arkansas before being promoted in July of that year to the Triple-A Salt Lake Stingers, where he struggled a bit, posting a 3–4 record and a 6.71 ERA. He recovered in the 2002 season, being named Best Pitching Prospect of the Pacific Coast League and accumulating an 8–2 record with a 2.57 ERA.

2002
The Angels called Lackey up to the major leagues on June 24, 2002, dropping his first major league start against the Texas Rangers. He was optioned back to Salt Lake, only to be recalled on June 28 to replace pitcher Al Levine. Two days later, he replaced Scott Schoeneweis in the Angels' rotation and gained his first victory against the cross-town rival Los Angeles Dodgers. Lackey was also the winning pitcher for the American League (AL) Wild Card-clinching victory against Texas on September 26.

With the AL Wild Card in hand, the Angels began their march through the 2002 postseason, facing the New York Yankees in the American League Division Series (ALDS). He made his relief and postseason debut in Game 3, allowing two earned runs in the midst of an Angels rally to win 9–6. He gained his first postseason victory against the Minnesota Twins in Game 4 of the American League Championship Series (ALCS), pitching seven innings while allowing only three hits and striking out seven.

With their victory in five games over the Twins, the Angels earned their first AL pennant and trip to the World Series. After starter Kevin Appier was pulled after two-plus innings in Game 2, Lackey pitched two innings giving up two earned runs on two hits, receiving a no-decision in the eventual 11–10 Angels victory over the San Francisco Giants. He started Game 4 of the Series, pitching four scoreless innings, but gaining a no-decision after allowing three hits and three earned runs in the 5th inning in the eventual Angels loss.

However, in Game 7 of the World Series on October 27, 2002, Lackey allowed one earned run on four hits while striking out four in five innings, allowing the Angels to hold an early 4–1 lead to hand over to their bullpen trio of Brendan Donnelly, Francisco Rodríguez, and Troy Percival to seal their World Series title. Lackey became only the second rookie in World Series history to start and win Game 7, the other being Babe Adams of the Pittsburgh Pirates. It was the first of two Series title-clinching games in which he received credit as the winning pitcher.

2003–2006
Mike Scioscia announced that Lackey would start on Opening Day 2003, replacing injured ace Jarrod Washburn. Lackey struggled his sophomore year, compiling a 10–16 record with a 4.63 ERA while leading the team in hits and earned runs allowed, and wild pitches. He finished with a record of 14–13 and a 4.67 ERA, helping the Angels win their first division title since. The campaign saw Lackey mature further, working into the sixth inning in 30 of his 36 starts, earning a 14–5 record with a 3.44 ERA. He ranked second in strikeouts per nine innings (with 8.6 K/9 IP) and third in strikeouts (199). However, he finished with the third most wild pitches in the league.

He participated in the MLB 2006 All-Star Series in Japan. After the Angels placed 2005 Cy Young winner Bartolo Colón on the disabled list in, Lackey emerged as the team's ace, and skipper Mike Scioscia made him the number one starter after the All-Star break. On July 7, 2006, Lackey retired 27 consecutive batters after Mark Kotsay of the Oakland Athletics led off the first inning with double. He threw a career high 30$2⁄3$ scoreless innings from July 2 through July 19, 2006, when he gave up a fifth-inning home run to Ben Broussard of the Cleveland Indians, leaving his scoreless streak 5$1⁄3$ innings short of the club record, set by Jim McGlothlin in 1967. He was later named American League Pitcher of the Month for July 2006.

2007–2009
On June 13,, Lackey became the first pitcher to win 10 games for the 2007 season. On July 1, Lackey was named as one of three Angels to represent the club and the American League at the 2007 All-Star Game. Lackey finished the 2007 season with an American League leading 3.01 ERA. He finished in third place for that season's Cy Young Award voting.

On July 10,, Lackey allowed six runs on 15 hits in 5$2⁄3$ innings. The 15 hits tied an all-time Angels' franchise record for hits allowed by a starter in a single game.

On July 18, 2008, Lackey recorded his 1000th career strikeout, against Kevin Youkilis of the Boston Red Sox. Lackey was the sixth Angels pitcher to accomplish that feat. On July 29, 2008, Lackey pitched against the Red Sox at Fenway Park, carrying a no-hitter into the ninth inning. He came within two outs of a no-hitter before Dustin Pedroia singled to left to spoil it. The next batter, Youkilis, hit a two-run homer to break up the shutout. Lackey still finished the game and the Angels won 6–2.

In Game 1 of the 2008 ALDS, he gave up a two-run home run to Jason Bay of the Red Sox, and was charged with the Angels' first loss in the series.

In his first start of 2009, on May 16, Lackey was ejected after his first two pitches of the season in a game against the Texas Rangers. Lackey threw his first pitch behind Ian Kinsler's head, and hit Kinsler in the side with his second pitch. Home plate umpire Bob Davidson immediately ejected Lackey. Since Kinsler scored, Lackey was charged with an earned run, giving him an ERA of infinity. Kinsler had hit two home runs against the Angels the night before.

On August 30, 2009, Lackey earned his 100th career win against the Oakland Athletics, giving up one run (on an error by shortstop Erick Aybar) through eight innings.

Lackey is one of only six major league pitchers who won at least 11 games in each year from 2004 to 2009, the others being CC Sabathia, Derek Lowe, Johan Santana, Javier Vázquez, and Jason Marquis.

At the end of the 2009 season Lackey became a free agent, widely regarded as the best free agent starting pitcher on the 2010 market. Baseball Prospectus declared, "Lackey stands alone as the best of the best, a relatively young righty who carries significantly less risk than the other high-upside hurlers", additionally noting he faced a tough division and tougher league and his statistics would likely be even better if he were a National League pitcher. As one of the top free agent starters on the market, he was predicted to command a deal worth around $70 to $80 million, similar to the deal A. J. Burnett received from the Yankees. Lackey drew interest from many teams, including the Seattle Mariners, the Milwaukee Brewers, the New York Yankees, the New York Mets, the Boston Red Sox, and the Pittsburgh Pirates. He formally declined the Angels' offer of salary arbitration on December 8.

Boston Red Sox (2010–2014)
On December 16, 2009, Lackey officially signed a five-year contract worth $82.5 million with the Boston Red Sox. His contract had a clause where if he missed a full season due to injury, the Red Sox would have a team option at the end of the contract worth the league minimum. On April 7, 2010, Lackey made his debut for Boston at Fenway Park against the Yankees, pitching six innings of three-hit, shutout ball.

2010
Lackey posted a 10–5 record and a 4.26 ERA during the first half of the 2010 season and finished his first season with the Red Sox with a 14–11 record, 4.40 ERA over 215 innings pitched.

2011
Lackey went 2–5 with an 8.01 ERA in his first seven starts, and in May, he was placed on the disabled list with an elbow strain in his throwing arm. Lackey returned shortly, recording an ERA over 5.00 in every month but one. In 28 starts, Lackey finished the season 12–12 with a 6.41 ERA and 1.62 WHIP, both career worsts. The 114 earned runs he allowed were the most in the American League, and his ERA was the highest in Red Sox history for a starter with at least 150 innings pitched. In the end of the 2011 season, Lackey and two more starting pitchers (Josh Beckett and Jon Lester, allegedly) were in the center of a controversy that told that the three (and sometimes more) drank beers and ate fried chicken in the clubhouse during games in which they were not pitching.

2012
During a press conference, Ben Cherington, the new GM of the Boston Red Sox, revealed that John Lackey had Tommy John surgery during the 2011 offseason. As a result, Lackey did not pitch for the entire 2012 season. Lackey was later seen drinking beer in the clubhouse during his rehabilitation, causing further controversy.

2013
On April 6, Lackey injured his arm in his first start since September 2011. The Red Sox announced it was a right biceps strain. On April 28, Lackey got his first win since the 2011 season, going six innings, giving up one run and five hits in a 6–1 win over the Houston Astros.

On October 30, Lackey was the winning pitcher in Game 6 of the 2013 World Series, which clinched the Boston Red Sox' eighth World Series title. In doing so, Lackey became the first starting pitcher in Major League history to win two World Series "clinching" games with two different teams. Lackey garnered much media attention by his refusal to leave the game when Manager John Farrell came to the mound with two outs in the seventh inning, telling Farrell "this is my guy" (referring to the next batter, Matt Holliday). Farrell allowed Lackey to stay in the game, but he eventually walked Holliday to load the bases. Lackey exited to a standing ovation from Fenway Park.

Many credited Lackey's turnaround as a major reason for the Red Sox' success in 2013, especially at mid-season when Clay Buchholz went on the disabled list and Jon Lester was going through a rough stretch. Lackey finished 2013 with a 10–13 record and a 3.52 ERA. He was plagued by a lack of run support throughout the season, but threw two complete games, the first time in a season that he had multiple complete games since 2008.

After the season, Lackey was awarded with the Tony Conigliaro Award, an award given out to the player who has overcome the most adversity.

2014
Lackey began the 2014 season as the Red Sox' number-two starter behind Lester. He made six starts in April, with four being quality starts, and two giving up six runs in less than six innings. Dating back to the previous May 23, he had thrown six straight quality starts, going 3–1 with a 1.60 ERA and 34 strikeouts.

On July 5, Orioles designated hitter Nelson Cruz went 3-for-3 with a double off of Lackey. Cruz had served a 50-game suspension for his involvement in the Biogenesis baseball scandal the previous season, which Cruz claimed he had sought help from Biogenesis of America to fight a gastrointestinal infection. After Cruz' big game, Lackey stated, "I'm not going to comment on him. I've got nothing to say about him. There are some things I would like to say but I'm not going to. You guys forget pretty conveniently about stuff." Orioles manager Buck Showalter countered by saying, "Considering the timing of things, it's one of those things that you keep quiet about it and it reflects poorly upon the person who said it."

St. Louis Cardinals (2014–2015)
On July 31, 2014, the Red Sox traded Lackey with minor league pitcher Corey Littrell to the St. Louis Cardinals for outfielder Allen Craig and pitcher Joe Kelly. In his Cardinals debut, Lackey pitched seven innings but was behind 2–0 when he exited the game. The Cardinals rallied for three runs the next inning, and ended up winning the game 3–2 while crediting him the win, the 150th of his career. Catcher A. J. Pierzynski, acquired from the Red Sox the same month, caught Lackey for the 19th time in 22 starts in 2014. Wearing uniform number 41 during his tenure with Anaheim and Boston, Lackey acquired the number from new teammate Pat Neshek in exchange for an autographed Babe Ruth baseball.

In 10 regular season starts for the Cardinals, Lackey allowed two or fewer runs in seven of them. He totaled a 3–3 W–L with a 4.30 ERA in $60 2/3$ IP with St. Louis, and his totals for the year including those with Boston were 14-10 W–L with a 3.82 ERA and 164 strikeouts in 198 innings. He made the postseason for the seventh time in his career, starting once each against the Los Angeles Dodgers in the National League Division Series (NLDS) and the San Francisco Giants in the National League Championship Series (NLCS). The Giants defeated the Cardinals in five games, ending their season. Instead of retiring and foregoing being paid the league minimum, Lackey had stated in the previous August that he would pitch in 2015 if the Cardinals picked up the option that actuated because he missed the 2012 season due to Tommy John surgery. On October 30, the Cardinals announced they had picked up the Tommy John option. With a guaranteed base salary of $507,000, the club added performance bonuses before the start of the season.

In $7 2/3$ IP against the Chicago Cubs on May 7, 2015, Lackey struck out 10. He also drove in his third career run with a double, his third career extra base hit in a 5–1 win. On July 12, despite the Cardinals losing to the Pittsburgh Pirates 6–5 in 14 innings, he achieved his sixth consecutive quality start, and 12th in 15 appearances. He lost to the Cincinnati Reds on July 29, but gave up just one run with eight strikeouts while allowing one walk and two hits. It was the fewest hits he allowed through that point in the season. He also allowed three runs or fewer in all but of one of his prior 17 starts.

By earning his 10th win of 2015 in a 6–2 defeat of the Miami Marlins on August 15, Lackey recorded his 12th consecutive season of double-digit victory totals. He struck out six in $8 1/3$ innings and retired nine batters in a row at one point. One of the hits Lackey allowed was a single to Ichiro Suzuki, a hit with which Ichiro passed Ty Cobb for the total attained in top-level professional baseball organizations, including Nippon Professional Baseball and Major League Baseball. With seven scoreless innings of the Milwaukee Brewers on September 17, Lackey reached 200 IP for the sixth time in his career and first time since 2010. He had a 2.23 ERA over his last 17 starts. By reaching 200 IP, he triggered a $400,000 bonus, bringing his earnings for the season over $2 million. Further, Lackey turned in a season that exceeded his career norms, including a career-best 2.77 ERA, seventh-best in the league, and recorded 218 IP, his highest total since 2010. His fastball average speed for the season was 91.6 mph, the highest since 2009.

The Cardinals won 100 games and the National League Central division, and made Lackey the Game 1 starter of the NLDS against the Cubs. He opposed Jon Lester — both men had faced the Cardinals in the World Series two years earlier as teammates with the Red Sox. Lackey held the Cubs hitless through the first five innings on the way to pitching $7 1/3$ shutout innings in a 4–0 win. The Cardinals started him on three days' for Game 4, the elimination game. He allowed a three-run home run to Javier Báez, Lackey's first allowed in the playoffs since 2008, a span of $75 1/3$ innings. The Cubs won this game and the series, ending the Cardinals' season, with Lackey's free agency following.

Chicago Cubs (2016–2017)
On December 8, 2015, Lackey signed a two-year, $32 million contract with the Chicago Cubs.

On April 18, 2016, in a game against the Cardinals, his former club, Lackey struck out 11 hitters in seven innings, earning his third win of the season. It was also his first regular season win against St. Louis, making him only the 16th player to notch a win against all 30 major league teams. He joined Al Leiter, Randy Johnson, Kevin Brown, Barry Zito, Terry Mulholland, Curt Schilling, Woody Williams, Jamie Moyer, Javier Vázquez, Vicente Padilla, Derek Lowe, Dan Haren, A. J. Burnett, Kyle Lohse, and Tim Hudson as the only players to achieve this milestone. He reached double-digit win totals for the 13th consecutive season on September 21, 2016, in a 9−2 win over the Cincinnati Reds. In 29 starts of 2016, Lackey finished 11–8 with a 3.35 ERA. With the Cubs finishing the season 103–58, the team clinched the NL Central Division. Lackey won the World Series for the third time of his career, and with a third different team after the Cubs beat the Cleveland Indians in the 2016 World Series, ending a 108-year long drought for a championship.

On August 16, 2017, against the Cincinnati Reds, Lackey recorded his first career stolen base, but was then picked off shortly thereafter.

On September 15, 2017, Lackey was ejected and fined for arguing a strike call by umpire Jordan Baker. Baker also ejected catcher Willson Contreras who was arguing the same strike call. He became a free agent after the Cubs lost to the Los Angeles Dodgers in the NLCS.

Retirement
During the 2018 season, Lackey was offered a minor league contract by the Arizona Diamondbacks, and promptly turned it down. At a Chicago Cubs home game on September 27, 2018, Lackey was in attendance, and toasted to the camera when it panned to him. After the season concluded, Lackey officially retired.

Personal life
On August 30, 2011, Lackey filed for divorce from Krista, his wife of almost three years, who had been battling cancer since March and underwent chemotherapy through June. The divorce was finalized by February 2012.

Lackey resides in the Austin area in the off-season. He and his wife, Kristina Carter, had their first child, a daughter, in November 2015. He is also a stepfather to Kristina's children from her first marriage.

Popular culture
In 2009, the satirical publication The Onion published an article about Lackey, titled "Superstitious John Lackey Has to Build, Destroy a Luxury Hotel Before Every Start." The article was intended to satirize superstitious professional athletes.

He was featured in a 2011 Kevin Fowler music video alongside fellow Red Sox starting pitchers Josh Beckett, Jon Lester, Tim Wakefield, and Clay Buchholz.

In 2021, Lackey made a cameo in the football film Under the Stadium Lights as a guest speaker at a pep rally.

title: John Lackey


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Talk:Caroline Kennedy

Semi-protected edit request on 5 January 2020
Caroline Kennedy also attended the Funeral of Nancy Reagan. 137.119.107.158 (talk) 19:08, 5 January 2020 (UTC)

 * ❌. It's not clear what changes you want to make. –Deacon Vorbis (carbon • videos) 20:07, 5 January 2020 (UTC)

Uncle Ted
The first reference in this article to Sen. Ted Kennedy is "her uncle Ted." Shouldn't it give the full reference with link? Danchall (talk) 15:39, 28 February 2020 (UTC)

Name
Caroline Kennedy, despite sharing a similar name to Lee Radziwill, is not named after Caroline Lee Bouvier-Radziwill. Kennedy is named after her great-grandmother, Caroline Maslin Ewing, as is Caroline Lee Bouvier. This misinformation needs to be corrected. Thanks 20:35, 24 April 2018
 * You would need to provide a solid reference for that, and how are you so certain of it? I'm not sure where that great-great-grandmother's name even came from. Snuggums (talk / edits) 02:10, 25 April 2018 (UTC)
 * We don't have a source for either statement, so per WP:BLP I have removed this contentious material. GA-RT-22 (talk) 02:29, 23 December 2020 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure the original is contentious material in violation of BLP policy - adding a "citation needed" might have sufficed - but on the other hand I don't think this material is necessary, so I'm ok with it out. Tvoz / talk 06:26, 23 December 2020 (UTC)

Missing sources
We're missing citations for at least three sources: Anderson, Blow, and Landau. I checked the page history briefly and couldn't find them. Any ideas? GA-RT-22 (talk) 01:21, 16 January 2021 (UTC)

Categories
I just removed the Columbia University category since the Columbia Law School category says it should replace the University one. It seems that the same should be done with the Sacred Heart schools, but I'm not totally sure so I'm not going to make that edit. - Special-T (talk) 15:41, 17 October 2021 (UTC)

An obvious (but mysteriously undetected) typo.
The article says:

"...with Ellen Aldermanon on civil liberties."

I'm sorry to say that the proper name is Alderman, so could anybody correct this unnecessary doubling of "on"?

Thank you. 77.243.99.35 (talk) 17:17, 3 November 2021 (UTC)TwinCat

 * Done. Thanks for catching that! - Special-T (talk) 18:24, 3 November 2021 (UTC)

Popular culture/references
Surprised to see no reference to the Neil Diamond song "Sweet Caroline" even though there is a lot on the page about that song regarding how it's supposed to have been inspired by Caroline Kennedy. There is also the famous British/Irish pirate radio station "Radio Caroline" which has existed from the 1960s to the present day, which was named after her, and has a similarly-inspired hit song as its anthem. 2.31.162.111 (talk) 02:38, 1 January 2022 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 11 March 2023
Йосиукй Мукудай (talk) 23:44, 11 March 2023 (UTC) Her marriage on July 19, 1986 and just saying in 1986 is not enough.
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. Cannolis (talk) 00:06, 12 March 2023 (UTC)

"Magzter" source?
That source looks like a gossip tabloid. Any knowledgeable editors have an opinion? - Special-T (talk) 16:06, 13 November 2023 (UTC)

Ancestry
Wouldn't be the ancestry an informative addition to this article?

19XAVO90 (talk) 15:57, 19 May 2024 (UTC)

 * No; even with proper sourcing, this frankly would be overkill. Wikipedia isn't supposed to be a family history site per WP:NOTGENEALOGY. Some of her relatives are already discussed on the Kennedy family page. SNUGGUMS (talk / edits) 18:55, 19 May 2024 (UTC)

Surviving child
Is the reference to her in the lead as the "only surviving child" of President and Mrs. Kennedy factual? Isn't that a term for a child who was still alive when the parent died? John, Jr., though deceased now, outlived both of his parents. Yitz711 (talk) 00:43, 18 July 2024 (UTC)
 * Not exclusively for those who outlive their parents; in this case it means she's the only one who hasn't yet died. SNUGGUMS (talk / <b style="color:#009900">edits</b>) 02:08, 18 July 2024 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Caroline Kennedy


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Talk:Tresor (club)

Untitled
Looking at the article history, I feel I should point out that the vandalism that collins.mc removed wasn't from me, but by the anon poster that follwed... Straycat

Citing a better reference for Tresor documentary?
At the moment I've used http://www.7inch.org/What+27s_on/237.aspx to reference the film, but hopefully someone can replace it with a more 'official' reference. There's no press release of the film, http://tresorberlin.de seems to be down at the moment, and there's not a website listing the different festivals where the film was screened.Am3n3 13:35, 27 October 2006 (UTC)

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A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
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 * Tresorsign.jpg

title: Talk:Tresor (club)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Max Lewy

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. — Trilobite (Talk) 15:26, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Max Lewy
Hoax, possibly created by a repeat hoaxer. No appropriate Google hit. Possibly releated to the author of Votes_for_deletion/Charles Mason (Revolutionary) and Votes for deletion/Jonathan Sharpe. func (talk) 15:50, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. func (talk) 15:50, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. DS1953 18:45, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete either hoax or nn vanity, take your pick. --Etacar11 01:25, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Talk:Bangladeshi cricket team in England in 2005

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Talk:Cyanogen chloride

Hydrolysis
Sure that cyanogen chloride (and also cyanogen bromide) hydrolyzes in pure water to produce oxidant HOCl (or HOBr, respectively) and reductive HCN the same time? This would mean that the halogens act as electropositive partners in cyanogen halides. I can understand that iodine may act electropositive in cyanogen iodide, due to the similar electronegativity of C and I, and the strong inductive effect of the triple-bonded N on the carbon atom leading to secondary polarization of the C-I bond. But chlorine and bromine should be too electronegative for forming an "inversely" polarized bond to carbon.

Surely cyanogen halides may react to produce HCN (that is one of the reasons for their high toxicity), but I think it needs an additional reducing agent to make cyanogen halides into HCN with water... --79.243.239.89 (talk) 21:50, 13 September 2013 (UTC)

Cyanogen chloride
I reverted your edit on the above topic, primarily as you were incorrect. The presence of carbon does not automatically mean that a material is organic. Consider that carbon dioxide, hydrogen cyanide or carbonate salts, all which are considered to be inorganic.JSR (talk) 19:34, 2 March 2017 (UTC)

 * The edit summary in your “correction” rhetorically asked “so hydrogen cyanide is an organic compound?” As a matter of fact, our very own article on hydrogen cyanide states that it is.

 * As our very own organic compound article states, “An organic compound is virtually any chemical compound that contains carbon”.

 * Moreover, the toxicity of cyanogen chloride is listed in Toxnet: Verschueren, K. Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals. Volumes 1-2. 4th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, NY. 2001, p. 610 **PEER REVIEWED**.

 * Please don't turn all of science on its head by declaring that the whole chemistry world is wrong about the nature of cyanogen chloride. I'm certainly no chemist (though I worked with a Ph.D. chemist for many years and have had my share of time in a wet lab), but I should think that a highly reactive chemical compound like cyanogen chloride with its triple carbon–nitrogen covalent bond would certainly fall into the broad catch-all meaning of “organic.” The compound exhibits all the rich complexity of organic chemistry and biochemistry. As our very own article on carbon-nitrogen bonds states:

 * A carbon–nitrogen bond is a covalent bond between carbon and nitrogen and is one of the most abundant bonds in organic chemistry and biochemistry.

 * Nonetheless…

 * From my reading of the subject matter, the term “organic compound” is not set in stone. For instance, this article from Quora states that “carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, carbides, cyanides and carbonates” are not considered to be organic. But then, Quora is not what I would regard as an RS; it is a blog. If cyanogen chloride ought not be considered as an organic compound, this issue should be resolved by the RSs. If there is inconsistency within the RSs on the issue, I submit that this article would do best to point out that fact; we could have verbiage here that reads something like this:

 * Cyanogen chloride is considered to be an organic compound by some sources and an inorganic compound by others. Greg L (talk) 20:10, 2 March 2017 (UTC)

 * P.S. I think I found the key bit in our own article here at “Organic compound”. It reads as follows (my emphasis added):

 * Still, even the broadest definition (of "carbon-containing molecules" as organic) requires excluding alloys that contain carbon, including steel. Other 'excluded' materials are: compounds such as carbonates and carbonyls, simple oxides of carbon, simple carbon halides and sulfides, the allotropes of carbon, and cyanides not containing the −C≡N functional group—all which are considered inorganic.

 * So I'm quite sure that cyanogen chloride is considered as “organic” due precisely to that triple bond −C≡N functional group I keyed on. Greg L (talk) 03:17, 4 March 2017 (UTC)
 * My impression that any editor that gets agitated about defining what exactly is organic vs whatever risks wasting their own and readers' time. There are more meaty editing chores to be undertaken.  My 2 cents. --Smokefoot (talk) 15:01, 4 March 2017 (UTC)
 * Wow, Smokefoot! You must be one of those big thinker types who does only Truly Important Stuff™®© on Wikipedia and doesn't worry about silly *details* like inorganic compounds vs. organic compounds. You sir, impress me much. Glibness aside, I wasn't agitated; you just imagined that as you flitted about trying to look important (because you apparently do “meaty chores”) as you taunt other editors over what they edit about and how they memorialize facts on talk pages (so the same error doesn't get reintroduced). Next time, you might consider keeping your two cents to yourself if you don't have anything constructive to add. Greg L (talk) 17:06, 4 March 2017 (UTC)
 * Each to his/her own devices, but when you review your own publications on organic and inorganic chemistry, did you really debate this kind of thing? Did you try to insult those that disagree that the distinction might not be a big deal because it is not very clearcut and not really on chemist's minds?--Smokefoot (talk) 17:44, 4 March 2017 (UTC)
 * Get off your soapbox. The error is corrected. Hopefully, the error won't come back. End of discussion. Greg L (talk) 17:46, 4 March 2017 (UTC)
 * What was the "error" that was corrected? That is the question.  That you have some insight into the dividing line between organic and inorganic?   An experienced editor dives into an debate held with editors demonstrably more knowledgeable?  And about something many professionals view as inconsequential or unanswerable? —Smokefoot (talk) 20:23, 4 March 2017 (UTC)

JohnSRoberts99, I note these series of edits with an edit summary of “this is absolutely tru” (sic). Please, our very own article here at “Organic compound” is clear that cyanides containing the −C≡N functional group are organic compounds. It best serves our readership to include information that is complete and internally consistent with related articles. Greg L (talk) 23:42, 8 March 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cyanogen chloride


text:
Talk:Wilkinson's catalyst

Amusing detail
Thank you ProjectOsprey for finding the vastly improved image for the Wlikinson catalysis cycle as drawn by one of our colleagues. The image is clearer. Here is an amusing detail: Wilkinson's catalyst is terrific for hydrogenating many alkenes and alkynes, but it does not hydrogenate ethylene itself, as noted by the original authors. Ethylene is just too good of a ligand apparently, and out competes oxidative addition of H2. We should leave the new scheme, despite this discrepancy. --Smokefoot (talk) 16:05, 1 September 2016 (UTC)

Well, why would anyone use Wilkinson's catalyst to make ethane or propane in the first place? I prefer the new scheme as well. I should disclose that Wilkinson's catalyst was one of my least favorite molecules in my undergrad years. I also disliked the Shell higher olefin process (SHOP).

On my talk page you mentioned the "not a textbook" section of WP:NOT. I agree and this diff where you reverted extensive discussion of somebody's recent research suggests we have similar ideas of what the article should look like. Are there other articles you think should be improved or have watchlisted? I think the SHOP article is another one that needs fixing... Roches (talk) 21:31, 1 September 2016 (UTC)
 * I made two big changes/deletions
 * 1) One where it was implied that the Monsanto asymm hydrogenation route to L-DOPA was based on RhClP3 but it was based on the [Rh(diphosphine)(solvento)2]+ system.
 * 2) my other substantial edit was to tone down hype of a paper. Probably contributed by one of the authors of the cited paper.  We see this tunnel-vision/self-promotion/hype behavior all the time in Wikipedia.  Not evil, just human nature but infrequent editors looking for fame.
 * As to why anyone would hydrogenate ethylene, I doubt if anyone does, but authors often use C2H4 in mechanistic schemes because it is simple, but the amusing catch is that for Wilkinson's catalyst, it is not a substrate. Weird.--Smokefoot (talk) 23:58, 1 September 2016 (UTC)

 * I found a different scheme which shows R-groups (I'm always surprise to see good but unused images on Commons). Your amusing detail is indeed amusing and should probably be noted in the article. I also found another which illustrates the steric limitations of the catalyst, of interest perhaps? --Project Osprey (talk) 09:01, 2 September 2016 (UTC)
 * I have also been finding useful material in Commons. Ok, maybe I will write something about selectivity.  I will check eEROS. --Smokefoot (talk) 13:39, 2 September 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Wilkinson's catalyst


text:
Sheffield (UK Parliament constituency)

Sheffield was a borough constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1832 to 1885. It elected two Members of Parliament (MPs) by the bloc vote system of elections.

The constituency encompassed the urban part of the town and parish (now city) of Sheffield, England, but not the western, rural, parts of Upper Hallam and Ecclesall Bierlow, which were incorporated into Sheffield Town Borough in 1843.

History
Before 1832 Sheffield had been represented by the Yorkshire constituency. The Sheffield Borough constituency was created by the Reform Act of 1832, and was given two MPs, the first time that the town had been represented in the House of Commons. Four candidates stood at the first election contesting these two seats. Voting took place on 13 and 14 December 1832, with the results declared on 15 December (see below). The election sparked a riot on 14 December, which resulted in the military being called out. The soldiers fired on the crowd, killing six people and injuring several others. Following the Redistribution of Seats Act in 1885, which sought to eliminate constituencies with more than one MP and give greater representation to urban areas, the Borough of Sheffield was sub-divided. The five new divisions—Attercliffe, Brightside, Ecclesall, Hallam, and Sheffield Central—each returned a single MP.

Members of Parliament
Two MPs were elected at each general election. The table below shows the election years in which one or both of the MPs changed. The constituency was sub-divided in 1885. The sitting MPs, A. J. Mundella and Charles Stuart-Wortley subsequently stood for and won seats in one of the new constituencies (Sheffield Brightside and Sheffield Hallam respectively).

Elections in the 1880s

 * Caused by Mundella's appointment as Vice-President of the Committee of the Council on Education.

Elections in the 1870s

 * Caused by Roebuck's death.

 * Allott withdrew from the race before polling day.

Elections in the 1840s

 * Caused by Ward's resignation after being appointed Lord High Commissioner to the Ionian Islands.

Elections in the 1830s

 * Caused by Parker's appointment as a Lord Commissioner of the Treasury

title: Sheffield (UK Parliament constituency)


text:
User:KaliannaMeyron

Basic Information

 * Real Name: Chrissa Bennett
 * Location: Massachusetts.
 * Will probably write/update an article: Never-ish.

Interests¹

 * Music, most especially heavy metal.
 * Japanese culture.
 * World religions.

Hobbies¹

 * Tabletop roleplaying games.
 * Video games.
 * Drawing.

A Short Biography
I, Christina Lee Bennett, was born on February 8th, 1984. This was the very same day that the 1984 Winter Olympics opened in Sarajevo. This has had no impact on my life to date.

My father died nearly four months later, on June 6th, the evilest day of the year. As such, I was raised by my mother and grandmother.

After that, a whole bunch of stuff happened and I eventually found myself on the east coast, thrilled beyond belief to be out of the Midwest.

¹ "Hobbies cost money; Interests are quite free." -- George Carlin

title: User:KaliannaMeyron


text:
Talk:Enger

The red point on the map does not show exactly where Enger is located. Somehow, I think that it marks Bielefeld, in fact, a city close to and south of Enger.

--Angela H. 15:50, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This refers to an older version. The current version does not use the map anymore. --Angela H. (talk) 08:11, 12 November 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Enger


text:
Rivière de Cayenne

The Rivière de Cayenne (, "Cayenne River") is a river in French Guiana, formed by the Rivière des Cascades, Tonnegrande, and Montsinéry River. It flows into the Atlantic Ocean near the city of Cayenne, forming an estuary about 2 km long. It is 43.7 km long, including its upper course Rivière des Cascades.

The river featured prominently in both the movie and the book 'Papillon' by Henri Charrière.

title: Rivière de Cayenne


text:
Talk:House of Montefeltro

[Untitled]
Starts out with "The CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA:", as if it's quoting this: http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10528a.htm

Old Cleanup Archive

 * ''Taken from the old Cleanup entry…Archived by HopeSeekr of xMule (Talk) 17:38, 9 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Montefeltro - paragraphs?
 * Added, still needs some work --KSnortum 16:10, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Tabbed paragraphs, some punctuation --User:WayneRay 21:00. 11 Jun 2005

title: Talk:House of Montefeltro


text:
Llangoed

Llangoed is a small village, community and electoral ward just north of Beaumaris, on the Isle of Anglesey (Ynys Môn), at. The Royal Mail postcode begins LL58. Llangoed ward has a population of 1,275 (2001), falling at the 2011 census to 1,229.

The village's placename means the 'religious enclosure in the wood' in the Welsh language.

Llangoed is on the banks of a brook called the Afon Lleiniog, which flows from the hamlet of Glanrafon to the sea, beneath the ruins of an 11th-century motte-and-bailey castle, Castell Aberlleiniog.

The 17th-century parish church of St Cawrdaf, restored in the 19th century, is in the north of the village, near a Victorian school and chapel.

The modern centre of the village is a steep hill lined by cottages, a post office, grocery store and chapel. To the south of the village is a primary school, Ysgol Gynradd Llangoed, and small housing estates. Sports fields are the location of an annual Rugby sevens competition. Undulating green farmland surrounds the village, with fine views to the Menai Strait, the Irish Sea and the mountains of Snowdonia (in Welsh, Eryri).

The community also includes the villages of Glan-yr-afon, Caim, and Penmon.

Notable people

 * Edith Ellen Henrietta Massey (1863–1946) and Gwenddolen Elizabeth Evileen Massey (1864–1960), known as the Massey Sisters, were two Welsh artists and botanists who created a unique record of the plant-life of Anglesey in the late 19th and early 20th century; they lived at Cornelyn Manor, near Llangoed.
 * John L. Williams (1924–2004), a Welsh nationalist activist was born in Llangoed

title: Llangoed


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Choob

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. — Trilobite (Talk) 15:26, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Choob

 * Delete neologism. Revolución 15:52, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I concur with the above -- Acyso 19:24, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, --//-- Pavel Vozenilek 20:57, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I've never heard of this before... Neologism. Herrhav0k 14:20, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Choob


text:
William Stamps Farish III

William Stamps Farish III (born March 17, 1939) is an American businessman and a former US ambassador to the UK from 2001 until 2004.

Family and early life
Farish was an only child. His father, Army Lt. William Stamps Farish Jr., died in a training flight near Waxahachie, Texas, when he was 4 years old. His grandfather is William Stamps Farish II, the founder of Humble Oil and Refining Company, which struck oil in the Houston suburb Humble, part of what was later to become the Exxon behemoth. William Stamps Farish II was appointed chairman of Standard Oil by John D. Rockefeller and went on to become president of Standard Oil from 1937 to 1942. His other grandfather was Robert E. Wood, who was the chief executive officer of the Sears, Roebuck & Co. Wood was the leader in the Old Right movement from the 1920s through the 1960s as well as a key financial backer of the America First Committee. Farish grew up in Houston, where he attended St. John's School and, after graduating from South Kent School (CT) during 1958, graduated from the University of Virginia.

His mother, who before her marriage was Mary Wood, a daughter of Gen. Robert E. Wood of Chicago, was said to be close to George H. W. Bush (later 41st President of the United States) and Barbara Bush were very close friends. When Bush moved to Texas in 1948, it was the Farish connection that gave him his start in his career in the oil industry. Farish was taken in "almost like family," said Barbara Bush, while campaigning for George H. W. Bush's entrée into Washington Senatorial politics in 1964. During that unsuccessful campaign, Farish claimed to have been the first man to whom Bush confided his ultimate aim was to be president one day.

The Bush-Farish alliance dated back to 1929. In that year the Wall Street investment bank of W. Averell Harriman bought Dresser Industries (later Halliburton), a supplier of oil-pipeline to Standard Oil and other oil companies. Prescott Bush, George H. W. Bush's father was a Harriman and Company executive who became a director and financier of Dresser and he served on the board of directors for 22 years.

Career
He later served as President of Navarro Exploration Company. Farish was also a founding Director of Eurus, Inc., a bank holding company in New York as well as of Capital National Bank in Houston. Farish owns W.S. Farish & Co., a trust company based in Houston. In 2003, he was awarded an honorary Doctor of Laws from the University of Kentucky. He has served on the board of directors of Vaalco Energy Inc.

In 1966, he entered the Board of directors of Zapata Petroleum Company founded in 1953 by George H. W. Bush. Farish said to have been the first man to whom Bush confided his ambition to be president one day. Farish was George H. W. Bush's very first personal aide when he went into politics, and 28 years later, before the Bushes left the White House, his son, William Stamps Farish IV, also served in that position.

Farish was in the investment business. He owned the W.S. Farish & Co. investment firm, he managed the blind trust that Bush had to set up when he became vice-president in the Eighties. He had dealings in oil and gas exploration, mining, cattle ranching and local television stations.

Lane's End Farm
A breeder of thoroughbred racehorses, in 1979 Farish bought the 240 acres that had been Bosque Bonita Farm in Versailles, Kentucky. Over the years it would be expanded to 1800 acre and renamed Lane's End Farm.

He also owns a home in the horse community of Wellington, Florida.

Lane's End has a secondary 400 acre operation near Hempstead, Texas. Farish's operations have bred and/or raced over 225 horses that became stakes winners, both individually and with partners. In 1972, his horse Bee Bee Bee won the Preakness Stakes and his filly Casual Look won a British Classic, the 2003 Epsom Oaks. In 1992, and again in 1999, he received the Eclipse Award for Outstanding Breeder. Farish has served as chairman of Churchill Downs, home to the Kentucky Derby.

Horse racing honors
In 1987 the Keeneland Association honored William S. Farish III with its Mark of Distinction for his contribution to Keeneland and the Thoroughbred industry.

In 2019, Farish was voted into the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame as one of its esteemed Pillars of the Turf.

With his wife, he was invited to ride in the King's procession at Royal Ascot 2023.

Ambassador to the U.K.
Farish was nominated by President George W. Bush as U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom on March 5, 2001, appointed on July 11, 2001, and served until he resigned in early summer 2004.

The United Kingdom newspaper The Guardian commented on his low profile during the period leading up to the Iraq War. Christopher Meyer, who was British Ambassador to Washington during Farish's service, said that "as ambassador [Farish] proved as agreeable as he was invisible."

Personal life
Farish wed Sarah Sharp, a stepdaughter of Bayard Sharp (1913–2002), a Du Pont heir, when Farish was 23 and Sarah was 19.

They are the parents of one son, William Stamps Farish IV, and three daughters, Mary Farish Johnston, Laura Farish Chadwick and Hillary Farish Stratton. Laura Farish, one of his daughters, worked in the White House as one of George H. W. Bush's scheduling aides.

title: William Stamps Farish III


text:
User talk:JamieMcCarthy

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Kingturtle 15:53, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Congrats... You created your Teahouse profile!

title: User talk:JamieMcCarthy


text:
User talk:Bittergirldotcom

{Welcome}} Kingturtle 15:53, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Agnes_of_bohemia.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Agnes_of_bohemia.jpg. The image has been identified as not specifying the copyright status of the image, which is required by Wikipedia's policy on images. If you don't indicate the copyright status of the image on the image's description page, using an appropriate copyright tag, it may be deleted some time in the next seven days. If you have uploaded other images, please verify that you have provided copyright information for them as well.

For more information on using images, see the following pages:
 * Image use policy
 * Image copyright tags

This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. 06:44, 9 March 2007 (UTC)

Currency Image:Czech 50 koruny.jpg
Hi, To assist global anti-counterfeiting efforts you may wish to consider marking images of banknotes you upload as "Specimen" in some way, if those banknotes represent legal tender.ShakespeareFan00 18:22, 28 June 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for File:Czech 50 koruny.jpg
Thanks for uploading or contributing to File:Czech 50 koruny.jpg. I notice the file page specifies that the file is being used under fair use but there is not a suitable explanation or rationale as to why each specific use in Wikipedia constitutes fair use. Please go to the file description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on those pages too. You can find a list of 'file' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "File" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free media lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. J Milburn (talk) 16:02, 21 August 2010 (UTC)

title: User talk:Bittergirldotcom


text:
Bluebird (disambiguation)

A bluebird is one of several species in the songbird genus Sialia.

Bluebird or blue bird may also refer to:

Literature & Theatre

 * "The Blue Bird" (fairy tale), by Madame d'Aulnoy, published in 1697
 * The Blue Bird (play), a 1908 play by Maurice Maeterlinck
 * Bluebird Photoplays, American film production company and a subsidiary of Universal Pictures

Comics

 * Bluebird (Marvel Comics), a supporting character in Marvel Comics' Spider-Man series
 * Bluebird (DC Comics), a supporting character in DC Comics' Batman series

Film and TV

 * The Blue Bird (1910 film), a British silent film starring Pauline Gilmer and Olive Walter
 * The Blue Bird (1918 film), an American silent film directed by Maurice Tourneur
 * The Blue Bird (1940 film), an American fantasy film
 * The Blue Bird (1976 film), a joint Soviet-American production directed by George Cukor
 * Bluebird (2004 film), a Dutch television film directed by Mijke de Jong
 * Blue Bird (2011 film), a Belgian drama film
 * Bluebird (2013 film), an American film directed by Lance Edmands
 * Bluebirds (TV series), a TV series by the BBC

Groups

 * Sinyaya Ptitsa (Синяя птица, The Blue Bird), a Soviet music group, vocal and instrumental ensemble (VIA)

Albums

 * Bluebird (Hank Jones album), 1956
 * Bluebird (Emmylou Harris album), 1989
 * Bluebird (Dawn Landes album), 2014
 * Blue Bird (Charles Mingus album), 1970
 * Blue Bird (EP), a 2013 extended play by Shouta Aoi
 * Bluebird (James Last album), 1982

Songs

 * "Bluebird" (Buffalo Springfield song), 1967
 * "Bluebird" (Paul McCartney song), 1973
 * "Bluebird" (Anne Murray song), 1990
 * "Blue Bird" (Ayumi Hamasaki song), 2006
 * "Blue Bird" (Korean folk song)
 * "Blue Bird" (Russian folk song)
 * "Bluebird" (Miranda Lambert song), 2019
 * "Bluebird", by The Boo Radleys
 * "Bluebird", by Beach House from Depression Cherry
 * "Bluebird", by Christina Perri from Lovestrong
 * "Bluebird", by Dawn Landes from Bluebird, 2014
 * "Bluebird", by Electric Light Orchestra from Secret Messages
 * "Bluebird", by Helen Reddy from No Way to Treat a Lady
 * "Bluebird", by Ikimono-gakari from My Song Your Song
 * "Bluebird", by Jim White from Drill a Hole in That Substrate and Tell Me What You See
 * "Bluebird", by Katie Noonan from Skin
 * "Bluebird", by Little Big Town from Nightfall
 * "Bluebird", by Sara Bareilles from Kaleidoscope Heart
 * "Bluebird", by Spencer Krug from Beast Moans
 * "Bluebirds", by Adam Green from Friends of Mine
 * The Blue Bird, a partsong by Charles Villiers Stanford
 * "Blue Bird", by Cassie Steele from How Much for Happy
 * "Blue Bird", by Kobukuro
 * "Bluebird", by Something for Kate from The Modern Medieval, 2020

In arts and entertainment

 * Bluebird Cafe, a music club in Nashville, Tennessee
 * Blue Bird Café, a nightclub in Montreal, Canada, where a 1972 arson-caused fire claimed 37 lives - see Blue Bird Café fire
 * Blue Bird Inn, a jazz club in Detroit
 * Bluebird Records, a subsidiary label of RCA Records
 * Bluebird Toys, a British toy company

In transportation

 * Bluebird Airways, a Greek airline
 * Bluebird Aviation, a Kenyan charter airline
 * Blue Bird Aviation, a Sudanese charter airline
 * Bluebird Cargo, a cargo airline based in Reykjavík, Iceland
 * Bluebird Nordic, an Icelandic cargo airline
 * Bluebird Bus and Coach, a bus operator in Greater Manchester, England
 * Blue Bird Coach Lines, now a part of Coach USA
 * Blue Bird Corporation, an American manufacturer of buses and large passenger vehicles
 * Blue Bird Group, an Indonesian transportation company
 * Bluebird Rail Operations, railway rolling stock manufacturer in Australia
 * Bluebird Vehicles, a former British minibus manufacturer
 * Stagecoach Bluebird, a bus operator in Scotland

In the food industry

 * Blue Bird Bakeries, a brand name of Flowers Foods
 * Bluebird Foods, a New Zealand division of the U.S. based PepsiCo corporation
 * Bluebird Garage, a restaurant in London, formerly a racing garage

Other businesses

 * bluebird bio, a biotechnology firm
 * Bluebird Gold Mine, a gold mine in Western Australia

Geography

 * Bluebird Creek, a stream in Iowa, United States
 * Bluebird Gap, a gap in Georgia, United States

Sports

 * Bluebird (horse), a Thoroughbred racehorse
 * A nickname for a member of Barrow A.F.C.
 * A nickname for a member of Cardiff City F.C.
 * A nickname for a member of Chippenham Town F.C.

Transportation

 * Blue Bird (train), a passenger train operated by the Wabash Railroad
 * Bluebird Compartment Car (New York City Subway car)
 * Blackburn Bluebird, a British aircraft
 * Nissan Bluebird, a car manufactured by the Nissan Motor Company
 * Nickname for two types of New York City subway cars in their original paint scheme:
 * R33 World's Fair (New York City Subway car)
 * R36 World's Fair (New York City Subway car)
 * South Australian Railways Bluebird railcar

Other uses

 * USS Bluebird, various US Navy vessels
 * List of Bluebird record-breaking vehicles used by Sir Malcolm Campbell and other family members to set speed records
 * Bluebirds (Australian nurses), a group of Australian civilian nurses who served in French hospitals during World War I
 * Blue bird (cocktail), a cocktail made with gin
 * Bluebird by American Express, a prepaid debit card
 * Blue Birds, youngest members of the Camp Fire Girls
 * Project BLUEBIRD, a CIA project researching methods of interrogation
 * Bluebird, a character in the Adventure Time episode "Ketchup"
 * Bluebird Movement, another name for the 2024 Taiwanese legislative reform protests

title: Bluebird (disambiguation)


text:
Carrie Ingalls

Caroline Celestia Ingalls Swanzey (August 3, 1870 – June 2, 1946) was the third child of Charles and Caroline Ingalls, and was born in Montgomery County, Kansas. She was a younger sister of Laura Ingalls Wilder, who is known for her Little House books.

Biography
Carrie Ingalls Swanzey was described as small, thin and frail, and, according to Laura's books, suffered the most of all the Ingalls family members through the deprivations of the hard winter of 1880–1881. Ingalls was not constantly ill, but she never enjoyed robust physical health during her life. She traveled to several places in her young adulthood seeking a more comfortable climate, including Colorado and Wyoming. During her late-teen years Ingalls was a typesetter for the De Smet News and, subsequently, other newspapers throughout the state for Edward Louis Senn. She settled in Keystone in 1911.

In 1912, she married widower David N. Swanzey, who is best-remembered for his part in the naming of Mount Rushmore. She became stepmother to Swanzey's two children: Mary and Harold. Harold was one of the workers who helped carve Mount Rushmore, and his name can be found on the granite walls below the monument. He was later killed in a car accident in Keystone, South Dakota on April 9, 1938. David also died in 1938.

With her sister Grace's help, Swanzey took care of their blind sister Mary after their mother's death in 1924.

Like Grace and Laura, Swanzey suffered from diabetes, and died of complications from the disease at a hospital in Rapid City, South Dakota, on June 2, 1946, at age 75. She was buried in the De Smet Cemetery.

In the media
Carrie was portrayed in the television adaptations of Little House on the Prairie by:
 * Twins Lindsay and Sidney Greenbush in the television series Little House on the Prairie and its movie sequels
 * Haley McCormick in Beyond the Prairie: The True Story of Laura Ingalls Wilder

title: Carrie Ingalls


text:
Talk:Command Post Tango

Request For info
After reading about this in the July/August 05 issue of Atlantic Monthly I felt it would be a really good thing to have a wikipedia article, but general information on the subject (NOT having to do with Rice's visit or some technical non-sense about the various communications equipment installed in the bunker) is hard to come by. If you are able to find info, or have a place where you think there might be some but you dont feel like looking, send it to me and I'll look for it myself. (Matterson52 15:54, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC))

External links modified
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title: Talk:Command Post Tango


text:
User talk:Cbloch

{Welcome}} Kingturtle 15:56, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Cbloch


text: File:DCU Three Castles.png

title: File:DCU Three Castles.png


text:
Talk:Muir Woods National Monument

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 21 January 2020 and 30 April 2020. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Swhittemore.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 04:35, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Pronounce
How do you pronounce "Muir"?
 * myoor Epolk 21:45, July 22, 2005 (UTC)

 * MYOO-er is more common. David Spector (talk) 14:54, 16 March 2013 (UTC)

 * Agree with David spector about what is the more common local pronunciation. Binksternet (talk) 16:46, 16 March 2013 (UTC)

Assessment for first time
This article rates of high importance as a national monument and high visitation. The article is much too choppy with overabundance of one sentence subsections. Architectsf 18:42, 14 November 2006 (UTC)

Coordinates
The coordinates need the following fixes:
 * The listed coordinates are outside of the boundaries of the Muir Woods National Monument.
 * National Park Services Map of Muir Woods National Monument Retrieved April 6, 2009.
 * Topographical map of Muir Woods National Monument Retrieved April 6, 2009.
 * The following coordinates are within those boundaries: 37.89579°N, -122.57558°W Corker1 (talk) 22:27, 6 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Fixed. (That infobox template is pretty crappy—doesn't let one use "scale" or "dim" parameters.) Deor (talk) 13:32, 3 February 2010 (UTC)

Edits
Removed Steller's Jays from the 'Mammals' section. Birds are not mammals. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.192.174.234 (talk) 22:39, 7 August 2010 (UTC)

"This soil has been assigned to the Centissima series"
Can someone please rewrite and wikify this sentence so it is understandable by a layperson? I have no idea what it means. "Assigned" doesn't even seem to be the right verb to use.Cshay (talk) 17:23, 28 January 2012 (UTC)

Entrance fees?
When (and why) did they start charging entrance fees? Musanim (talk) 06:30, 26 July 2014 (UTC)
 * A lot of national parks have charged entrance fees for years... but most recently, the authority comes from the Federal Lands Recreation Enhancement Act, which authorizes federal parks and other public lands areas to collect fees and retain the vast majority of the proceeds to support operations at those sites - staffing, maintenance, operations, law enforcement, interpretation, etc.
 * Why? Well... bluntly, there isn't enough direct appropriated funding for parks and public lands. Congress has directed that users of those lands pay a user fee to cover parts of the cost. Personally, I would prefer that my taxes go up and that we properly fund parks and forests that way, but until then... I view the fees as a necessary evil.
 * We really should have an article on the FLREA... that's something I'll put on my to-do list. NorthBySouthBaranof (talk) 08:21, 26 July 2014 (UTC)

In fiction - Jack Kerouac
Jack Kerouac probably isn't the 'He' referred to in the next sentence under the "In fiction" section.

Jack Kerouac discusses hiking though Muir Woods in his 1958 novel The Dharma Bums. He appears in the Big Hero 6: The Series, set in an alternate history that San Francisco was under much Japanese influence after the 1906 earthquake, was "Muirahara Woods".

"Challenges" section needs to be referenced or removed
"Muir Woods and the National Park Service as a whole face the challenge of low funding. The national park service is gravely underfunded and largely operates without government help. Muir Woods requires funds to protect or care for the rare trees there. The park also needs money to improve the infrastructure and pay the staff. The park currently has deferred maintenance funds of over 10 million dollars. Most importantly, the park needs support from surrounding residents, people, and the government. Without people fighting for the parks, they will fail."

None of this is referenced and without sources should be removed. It's someone's opinion without any evidence to back it up. The National Park Service "largely operates without government help"??? LOL. Since when? Where is the information to back this assertion up? "Without people fighting for the parks they will fail"? Again, SOMEONE'S OPINION. If Wikipedia wants to be taken seriously then all information in the article needs to be BACKED UP with references. Preferably from reliable sources like the mainstream press or government statistics or both. 47.138.90.235 (talk) 03:58, 6 September 2022 (UTC)

 * Fair point. Thanks for flagging. Dgorsline (talk) 12:10, 6 September 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Muir Woods National Monument


text:
User talk:KaliannaMeyron

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! Zzyzx11 (Talk) 15:57, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
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 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Welcome, ! I noticed that you placed a vote on Votes for deletion/Kanji articles. Participation in the community is encouraged, of course, but your status as a brand new user means that your vote might not be counted. Please understand that this is a common practice on Wikipedia, and that it is necessary to prevent deliberate misuse of our voting systems. Straw polls on Wikipedia are meant to measure community consensus, and should not necessarily be taken as literal one-member one-vote voting. However, please do make further contributions to Wikipedia, and express your opinion on policy matters. Zzyzx11 (Talk) 15:57, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:KaliannaMeyron


text:
Rafe Spall

Rafe Joseph Spall (born 10 March 1983) is an English actor.

Spall has appeared in films including Kidulthood (2006), A Good Year (2006), Hot Fuzz (2007), One Day (2011), Anonymous (2011), Prometheus (2012), Life of Pi (2012), The World's End (2013), The Big Short (2015), The BFG (2016), The Ritual (2017), and Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom (2018). Spall played the title role of Pete Griffiths in Pete versus Life from 2010–2011, and has portrayed characters on the TV series The Shadow Line and Black Mirror. Spall also appeared in the Men in Black spin-off film Men in Black: International (2019).

Since May 2020, Spall has starred in the Apple TV+ comedy series Trying.

Early life
Rafe Joseph Spall was born on 10 March 1983 at 12 Dunstans Road in East Dulwich, London, the second of three children of Shane (née Baker) and actor Timothy Spall. Named after the protagonist in The Knight of the Burning Pestle, a role his father played in the Royal Shakespeare Company and one he would later play himself, he always had ambitions to act. When he was 14, his father was diagnosed with myeloid leukaemia and spent the next 18 months in treatment.

Rafe was overweight as a teen, which he calls a "painful" experience. Having achieved poor grades at his school, Haberdashers' Aske's Hatcham College, he left to become an actor and joined the National Youth Theatre at 15. He failed to get into his chosen drama schools, such as RADA, at 17, but worked anyway. After being perennially cast in "fat" roles, he lost 77 lbs (35 kg) at age 19, which brought more acting opportunities.

Career
Spall has frequently collaborated with Edgar Wright, appearing in his films Shaun of the Dead, Hot Fuzz and The World's End alongside Simon Pegg and Nick Frost. Spall was also featured in Wright's segment in the 2007 Quentin Tarantino and Robert Rodriguez film Grindhouse.

In 2007, Spall performed for the first time with his father in the ITV adaptation of A Room with a View playing father and son.

In 2011, Spall starred in the romantic tragedy film One Day opposite Anne Hathaway.

In 2012, Spall portrayed Canadian author Yann Martel in the Academy Award-winning drama film Life of Pi, directed by Ang Lee. The film was a critical and financial success, winning four Academy Awards and making over $600 million at the box office. In 2013, he played the newlywed husband in I Give It a Year, a comedy about the trials and tribulations of a couple during their first year of marriage.

In 2014, Spall appeared in the coming-of-age drama X+Y, alongside Asa Butterfield and Sally Hawkins, and the seasonal family comedy Get Santa. In 2015, he played John Hancock in the History Channel three-part series, Sons of Liberty, alongside Jim Broadbent, and appeared in the Academy Award-winning biographical comedy-drama The Big Short, alongside Christian Bale, Brad Pitt, Ryan Gosling and Steve Carell. Also that year, Spall played Harry Price in Harry Price: Ghost Hunter, ITV's adaptation of Neil Spring's debut novel, The Ghost Hunters. The film aired on ITV1 on 27 December.

Spall portrayed Eli Mills in Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom (2018), the fifth instalment of Steven Spielberg's Jurassic Park series, and directed by The Impossible helmer J. A. Bayona.

Since 2020, Spall has a leading role in the Apple TV+ comedy series Trying, opposite Esther Smith and Imelda Staunton. The first season premiered on 1 May 2020. The second season premiered on 12 May 2021.

He also played DS Bailey in the 2020 BBC drama The Salisbury Poisonings.

Personal life
Spall says he has always struggled with his weight, going up to 18 stone (114 kg), but said that he was given so many character parts that he attempted to slim down, losing over 5st (32 kg). Like his father, he is a keen supporter of Crystal Palace. He is a patron of the Actors' Centre.

In February 2008, Spall met actress Elize du Toit; they were married on 14 August 2010 and lived in West Kensington, London. They have three children: a daughter born 2011, a son born November 2012 and another son born in 2015. The marriage ended in 2021 and Spall is now in a relationship with Trying co-star Esther Smith, who as of May 2024 is pregnant with their first child.

Stage

 * A Prayer for Owen Meany by Simon Bent at the National Theatre as Harold Crosby/Coach Chickering/Larry Lish (2002)
 * Just a Bloke by David Watson at the Royal Court Theatre as Nathan (2002)
 * The Knight of the Burning Pestle by Francis Beaumont at the Young Vic Theatre/Barbican Theatre as Rafe (2005)
 * John Gabriel Borkman by Henrik Ibsen at the Donmar Warehouse as Erhart Borkman (2007)
 * Alaska by DC Moore at the Royal Court Theatre as Frank (2007)
 * Hello and Goodbye by Athol Fugard with the English Touring Theatre as Johnny (2008)
 * If There Is I Haven't Found It Yet by Nick Payne at the Bush Theatre as Terry (2009)
 * Constellations by Nick Payne at the Royal Court Theatre as Roland (2012)
 * Betrayal by Harold Pinter at the Ethel Barrymore Theater as Jerry (2013)
 * Hedda Gabler by Henrik Ibsen at the Royal National Theatre as Brack (2016)
 * Death of England by Roy Williams and Clint Dyer at the Royal National Theatre (2020)
 * To Kill a Mockingbird by Aaron Sorkin at the Gielgud Theatre (2022)

Radio

 * The Real Thing BBC Radio 4 as Billy (2006)
 * Hide BBC Radio 3 as the convict (2007)
 * Words and Music: Crushed BBC Radio 3 as a guest reader (2008)
 * Capital narrator (2012)
 * Amok Audible.co.uk as Oliver (2015)

title: Rafe Spall


text:
Dinematichthys

Dinematichthys is a genus of viviparous brotulas. Its name comes from Greek, meaning two-filamented fish (di means two, nema filament and ichthys fish).

Species
There are currently two recognized species in this genus:
 * Dinematichthys iluocoeteoides Bleeker, 1855 (Yellow pigmy brotula)
 * Dinematichthys trilobatus Møller & Schwarzhans, 2008

title: Dinematichthys


text:
Bill Dundee

William Cruickshanks (born 24 October 1943) is an Australian retired professional wrestler and author better known by his ring name Bill Dundee. Cruickshanks is the father of Jamie Dundee and was the father-in-law of wrestler Bobby Eaton.

Career
Dundee was born in Angus, Scotland, and raised in Melbourne. At 16, he joined the circus as a trapeze artist. He started wrestling in Australia in 1962 and finally arrived in the United States as "Superstar" Bill Dundee in 1974 with his tag team partner George Barnes.

Dundee made a name for himself in the Memphis Territory, where he regularly teamed and feuded with Jerry Lawler and Jimmy Valiant for years. Dundee and Lawler ventured to the American Wrestling Association in 1987 and captured the AWA World Tag Team Championship twice.

As a singles wrestler, he held the Southern Heavyweight Championship belt several times from 1975 to 1985. Also, he had a successful team with "Nature Boy" Buddy Landel that wreaked havoc in Tennessee.

Dundee had a brief run in the NWA's Jim Crockett Promotions, Central States Wrestling and Florida Championship Wrestling in 1986, where he teamed with Jimmy Garvin and feuded with Sam Houston for the NWA Central States Heavyweight Championship. He also briefly managed The Barbarian and The MOD Squad while in those territories.

He also had a run in World Championship Wrestling in the early 1990s as Sir William, the manager for Lord Steven Regal.

Dundee worked as a booker for Memphis, Louisiana and Georgia.

Dundee is still active as of 2019 in Memphis Wrestling, where he has been a heel and a baby face. He frequently appears on Jackson, Tennessee, talk radio station WNWS 101.5 with Dan Reeves and on a talk show on Public-access television cable TV channels in West Tennessee. He still promotes indy cards across Tennessee and in Southaven, Mississippi. He currently runs a podcast on Anchor named If You Don't Want the Answer, Don't Ask the Question.

On 20 July 2019, Dundee, at 75 years old, defeated Tony Deppen to win the unofficial WOMBAT Television Championship for Game Changer Wrestling in Tullahoma, Tennessee.

Personal life
Dundee's son Jamie Dundee, also became a wrestler. On the 7 September 2023 episode of the YouTube program 'Story Time With Dutch Mantell', he said his father is suffering from late-stage dementia.

Books

 * If You Don't Want The Answer, Don't Ask The Question: Bill Dundee's Life Story

Championships and accomplishments

 * American Wrestling Federation
 * AWF Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * Central States Wrestling
 * NWA Central States Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * Memphis Wrestling Hall of Fame
 * Class of 2017
 * Mid-South Wrestling Association
 * Mid-South Television Championship (1 time)
 * NWA Mid-America / Continental Wrestling Association / Championship Wrestling Association
 * AWA Southern Heavyweight Championship (9 times)
 * AWA Southern Tag Team Championship (14 times) – with Norvell Austin (1), Robert Gibson (1), Jerry Lawler (4), Robert Fuller (1), Tommy Rich (2), Dream Machine (2), Steve Keirn (2) and Dutch Mantel (1)
 * AWA World Tag Team Championship (2 times) – with Jerry Lawler 1
 * CWA International Heavyweight Championship (4 times)
 * CWA International Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Rocky Johnson
 * CWA Southwestern Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * CWA World Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * CWA World Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Tommy Rich
 * NWA Mid-America Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * NWA Mid-America Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Ricky Gibson
 * NWA Southern Heavyweight Championship (Memphis version) (1 time)
 * NWA Southern Tag Team Championship (Mid-America version) (3 times) – with Big Bad John (2) and Tommy Rich (1)
 * NWA United States Junior Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
 * Ohio Valley Wrestling
 * OVW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * Power Pro Wrestling
 * PPW Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Jerry Lawler
 * Pro Wrestling Illustrated
 * Ranked No. 56 of the 100 top tag teams of the "PWI Years" with Jerry Lawler in 2003
 * Pro Wrestling This Week
 * Wrestler of the Week (21–27 June 1987)
 * Southeastern Championship Wrestling
 * NWA Southeastern Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Tommy Rich
 * NWA United States Junior Heavyweight Championship (Southeastern version) (1 time)
 * Supreme Wrestling
 * Supreme Mid-America Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Rob Royale
 * United States Wrestling Association
 * USWA Unified World Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * USWA Junior Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
 * USWA Southern Heavyweight Championship (3 times)
 * USWA Texas Heavyweight Championship (3 times)
 * USWA World Tag Team Championship (3 times) – with Jerry Lawler (2) and Jamie Dundee (1)
 * WOMBAT Wrestling
 * WOMBAT Television Championship (1 time, current)
 * World Class Wrestling Association
 * CWA Southwestern Heavyweight Championship (2 times) 2

1Dundee's and Lawler's reigns with the AWA World Tag Team Championship began on cards hosted by the CWA through the interpromotional relationship between the AWA and CWA that also allowed the defense of the AWA Southern Heavyweight and Southern Tag Team Championships primarily within the CWA.

2The CWA Southwestern Heavyweight Championship was promoted in both the CWA and WCWA while the promotions had a working relationship in 1989 and 1990.

title: Bill Dundee


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James Hamilton, 1st Lord Hamilton

James Hamilton, 1st Lord Hamilton, 6th Laird of Cadzow (c. 1415 – 6 November 1479) was a Scottish nobleman, scholar and politician.

Early life
James Hamilton was the son of James Hamilton of Cadzow, 5th Laird of Cadzow. He was born at Cadzow Castle, Lanarkshire. He first appears on record on a charter of 1426, granting him the rights to the lands of Dalserf, which had been alienated by his father.

Douglas connection
Hamilton was intimately connected with the powerful House of Douglas: his paternal grandmother was a daughter of James Douglas Lord of Dalkeith d. 1441, and also through his marriage in 1439/1440 with Lady Euphemia Graham, the youthful widow of Archibald Douglas, 5th Earl of Douglas and daughter of Euphemia Stewart, Countess of Strathearn. Hamilton became stepfather to the young 6th Earl of Douglas, his brother David, both who would be murdered in November 1440 at the 'Black Dinner' at Edinburgh Castle in the presence of James II. Furthermore, he was the stepfather of Margaret Douglas, known as the "Fair Maid of Galloway", who was to marry her cousins William Douglas, 8th Earl of Douglas, and James Douglas, 9th Earl of Douglas.

Laird o' Cadzow to Lord Hamilton
Prior to 1440 he achieved the status of knighthood, and c. 1440/1441 he inherited his father's estates. In 1445, Hamilton received letters patent creating him a Lord of Parliament. This charter raised all his estates into the entail of that rank, with its Capital Messuage at the Orchard, (later Hamilton Palace), at Cadzow. Furthermore, the charter stated that henceforth the lands would be known as Hamilton as they are today.

Hamilton accompanied his stepson in law, the 8th Earl of Douglas, to Rome in 1450, and there obtained permission from the Holy See to convert the Parish Church at the new burgh of Hamilton into a Collegiate Establishment, with endowments for a Provost and six Canons.

Royal displeasure
He was certainly with the 9th Earl of Douglas, a month after the murder when the 9th Earl burned the town of Stirling. There followed open warfare in which King James II attacked Douglas lands. An agreement was reached between the King and the Douglas faction at Douglas Castle, in August 1452 that was to last until 1455 in which the Douglas forgave the King's killing of his brother. In 1453, Hamilton was in England, again with the 9th Earl of Douglas, arranging the release of his brother in law, Malise Graham, Earl of Strathearn. For this action Strathearn granted Hamilton the lands of Elliestoun in Linlithgowshire. Hamilton was again in London the following year negotiating a treasonous bond in which Douglas was to swear fealty to King Henry VI in return for support against King James, but the negotiations came to nothing. He was back in Scotland by February 1455 at which time Hamilton and the Earl of Douglas's brothers ravaged and burned much of Lanarkshire.

Siege of Abercorn and fall of the Black Douglas
In March 1455, King James took to the field against Douglas, sacking his properties and burning his crops. Hamilton's lands, he being a partisan of the Douglases, were also particularly devastated. King James then besieged the Douglas stronghold of Abercorn Castle, using cannons to destroy it. Douglas mustered his men from Douglasdale, Galloway and the Forest; Hamilton, his levies from Clydesdale. The troops marched to raise the siege, but the Earl of Douglas' indecision on a plan of attack is said to have perplexed Hamilton, and cause him to withdraw his support for the Douglas cause. Hamilton changed sides and became a partisan of the Royal party. There is evidence to suggest that Hamilton's uncle, James Livingstone, 1st Lord Livingston had a part in this change of heart. Douglas fled to England, his Castle of Abercorn was slighted, two of his brothers died at and following the Battle of Arkinholm; finally Douglas' great fortalice of Threave Castle fell and Douglas was attainted, all his enormous patrimony forfeit.

Return to Favour
Following the collapse of the Douglas rebellion, Hamilton was warded at Roslin Castle, in Midlothian for a short while. As recompense for his Volte-Face, Hamilton was created Sheriff of Lanark, in July 1455, and certain of the Earl of Douglas' forfeited lands were made over to him. These, and his existing lands, being confirmed in Royal charters of October that year. The Barony of Hamilton was increased to include the lands of Drumsergard, Cessford, Kinneil etc., and carefully entailed to whosoever might bear the name and Chief arms of Hamilton. Hamilton was made Bailie of the Priory of Lesmahagow, a Douglas foundation, and was granted the privilege of the lands of Finnart. Hamilton's new patron was the new Lord of Douglas, George Douglas, 4th Earl of Angus, the head of the "Red line" of the House of Douglas, and a supporter of the King.

Marriage and issue
Hamilton married firstly, in 1406, Lady Euphemia Graham (died 1468), daughter of Patrick Graham, de jure Earl of Strathearn and Euphemia Stewart, Countess of Strathearn and widow of Archibald Douglas, 5th Earl of Douglas. They had a daughter: He married secondly, Mary, daughter of King James II and widow of Thomas Boyd, Earl of Arran. With Mary, Hamilton had three children:
 * Elizabeth Hamilton (c. 1442 – c. 1517), who married David Lindsay, 1st Duke of Montrose
 * Elizabeth Hamilton, Countess of Lennox, who married Matthew Stewart, 2nd Earl of Lennox. Her descendants included James I of England & VI of Scotland.
 * James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Arran (c. 1475–1529)
 * Robert Hamilton, Seigneur d'Aubigny (21 March 1476 – 1543)

Illegitimate children included Sir Patrick Hamilton of Kincavil, father of Master Patrick Hamilton, burnt for heresy in 1528 and a Protestant martyr. Lord Hamilton also had a daughter who married Sir John MacFarlane, 11th chief of Clan MacFarlane. John Hamilton of Broomhill (d. c. 1550), another illegitimate child of James, 1st Lord Hamilton, was by Janet Calderwood. In 1512 John's birth was legitimised. His grandson, James Hamilton, notably served as Sheriff of Perthshire, and his descendants became the Lords Belhaven and Stenton. Another illegitimate child by Janet Calderwood was David Hamilton, Bishop of Argyll and commendator of Dryburgh Abbey.

title: James Hamilton, 1st Lord Hamilton


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Alexander Armstrong (Royal Navy officer)

Sir Alexander Armstrong (c. 1818 – 4 July 1899) was an Irish naval surgeon, explorer, naturalist and author. After obtaining a medical degree he joined the Royal Navy and was stationed on board HMS Investigator (1848), tasked with finding the lost expedition of explorer Sir John Franklin. Investigator was trapped in the ice at Mercy Bay in 1851 and Armstrong spent several winters in the Arctic before he returned to London.

Armstrong's account of the voyage, Personal narrative of the discovery of the north-west passage, was published in 1857. It won the Gilbert Blane gold medal for the best journal kept by a Royal Navy surgeon. He also published a second book entitled Observations on naval hygiene and scurvy, more particularly as the latter appeared during a polar voyage. He continued in a career with the Royal Navy, serving in the Baltic Sea during the Battle of Suomenlinna. He was also superintendent of hospitals in Malta and England and he became director-general of the Royal Navy's medical department in 1869. He was knighted into the Order of the Bath in 1871.

Early life and family
Armstrong was born c. 1818 in County Donegal, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. His father was Alexander Armstrong. He studied medicine in Dublin and the University of Edinburgh, graduating from the latter as a Doctor of Medicine with honours.

Arctic expedition
In 1842 he joined the Royal Navy as an assistant surgeon. He travelled throughout the British Empire and many parts of the world, including the Mediterranean Sea, Pacific Islands, North and South America, and the West Indies. He was promoted to surgeon in 1849.

In 1850, Armstrong left London aboard HMS Investigator (1848) as a surgeon and naturalist. The ship was part of the McClure Arctic expedition tasked with finding Franklin's lost expedition. The ship completed the tracing of the Northwest Passage and tried to sail around Banks Island, but became trapped by the ice at Mercy Bay in 1851, and spent two winters trapped there.

Armstrong was not popular amongst the other officers, and the missionary amongst the crew, Johann August Miertsching, noted an incident where Armstrong's roommates were interacting roughly with him. During this time, Armstrong collected fossils on Banks and Victoria Island.

Armstrong and the crew were rescued by HMS Resolute in 1853. Armstrong was unable to bring his animal and plant collection with him, but did retrieve his journals against the orders of his captain Robert John Le Mesurier McClure, and a specimen of petrified wood from the Paleogene period. Armstrong and the crew had to spend another winter in the Arctic before they returned to England aboard supply ships for another expedition in search of the Franklin voyage. During this travel he also collected seven brachiopod specimens on Beechey Island.

Publication career
In 1857, Armstrong published his journals of the HMS Investigator expedition called Personal narrative of the discovery of the north-west passage. This was the third account of the expedition: it confirmed the emotions expressed in Miertsching's published journals, while contradicting McClure's claims that the crew would have survived if they were not rescued. The book was awarded the Gilbert Blane gold medal for the best journal kept by a Royal Navy surgeon.

In 1858 he published Observations on naval hygiene and scurvy, more particularly as the latter appeared during a polar voyage. The book is based on his experiences while trapped in the Arctic, and outlines the measures the crew took to prevent getting scurvy and how they treated it once the condition started appearing.

Later life and death
Armstrong completed many seagoing appointments with the Royal Navy. He was in the Baltic Sea during the Crimean War and participated in the Battle of Suomenlinna. He was promoted to deputy-inspector general after surviving two attacks by a flotilla of boats in 1858. He was transferred to the Mediterranean Fleet as superintendent of naval hospitals in Malta, Haslar, and Chatham. In 1869, he became director-general of the Royal Navy's medical department.

He was knighted into the Order of the Bath in 1871. He also received the Arctic Medal, Baltic Medal, and a Jubilee Medal. He retired in 1880.

Armstrong married Charlotte Hall (Simpson) in 1894. He died on 4 July 1899 in his home in Sutton Bonington, England.

Legacy
Croton armstrongli is named for Armstrong, after he collected a sample of the tree on an expedition to Port Essington. In the 1980s, the Conservation Commission of the Northern Territory surveyed the closed forests of the area and could not find a specimen of C. armstrongli. It is possible that the location of the specimen's collection was incorrectly labelled.


text:
User:Cpcjr

[mailto:cpcjr@genesismission.4t.com Email Charles Creager Jr.]

 * Creation scientist, conducting independent research.
 * Bachelor of Science degree in Physics from Bob Jones University.
 * Founder of Genesis Mission.
 * Available to speak on Creation science topics before interested group. [mailto:cpcjr@genesismission.4t.com Email me] for more information.

title: User:Cpcjr


text:
Talk:Egg cup

This article...HAS CHANGED MY LIFE! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 78.56.217.206 (talk) 13:55, 14 January 2011

Minoan Crete
I removed the content about egg cups in Minoan Crete. There were two problems: Firstly, one of the given sources, the book by Pendlebury doesn't seem to mention any egg cups. (The other given reference for that paragraph was not reliable.) Secondly, matters are complicated because some drinking cups were nicknamed "egg cups" due to their shape (see here for an example). So unless there's an iron-clad source that clarifies that it really isn't talking about egg cup-shaped goblets, I rather doubt the name itself can be used to show that the objects in question were egg cups. Huon (talk) 01:41, 11 December 2016 (UTC)

Sources for unusual words
What dictionary, if any, would list the words "footie" and "mother" as defined here for egg-cups? Are they terms in real use? Equinox ◑ 18:20, 16 February 2019 (UTC)
 * I doubt the veracity of these unsourced assertions regarding nomenclature to the extent that I have removed them from the article. -- Picapica (talk) 13:06, 14 March 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Egg cup


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Ituzaingó, Buenos Aires

Ituzaingó is the capital of the Ituzaingó Partido in the Greater Buenos Aires metropolitan area, Argentina, west of Buenos Aires.

Overview
Ituzaingó has been the capital of the Ituzaingó Partido or municipality of Buenos Aires Province since 1995, when the partido was created. Buildings of more than three stories were until recently prohibited and most houses are only one story high

The shopping area near the train station connecting the city with Buenos Aires City (Downtown) is located surrounding a square, opposite the church, where concerts, cultural events and fares are held on weekends and holidays.

Ituzaingó is 28 km away from the city of Buenos Aires. It has 38.51 km2 French-style chalets, quiet streets and leafy trees, which coexist in all neighborhoods of the city. According to the last national census of 2010, the population was of 168,419 people.

It stands out the neighborhood of Parque Leloir, one of the largest protected ecological zones of the Province, and also known to be a quiet residential neighborhood with huge houses and home of many celebrities.

Sport
Club Atlético Ituzaingó is the local professional team.

Notable people

 * Ceferino Denis (born 1978), footballer
 * Tomás Lanzini (born 1988), footballer
 * Ricardo Passano (1922-2012), actor
 * Nicolás Peranic (born 1985), footballer
 * Fernando Caldeiro (1958-2009), Argentine-American NASA astronaut
 * Moria Casán (born 1946), actress, producer, TV and theater personality
 * Raúl Perrone (born 1952), filmmaker, cartoonist

title: Ituzaingó, Buenos Aires


text:
Bluebird Toys

Bluebird Toys plc was a British toy company. They were responsible for the Polly Pocket brand, Havok wargame and Disney Tiny Collection. Previous toy lines included Manta Force, Oh Penny!, the British version of Oh Jenny! from Matchbox Toys, Mighty Max and miniature Thomas and Friends sets.

History
Torquil Norman founded Bluebird Toys in 1980, his first product being the now famous Big Yellow Teapot House. This was one of the first 'container' houses which broke away from the traditional architectural style of dolls' houses in favour of this light and colourful family home. He is also famous for his Big Red Fun Bus and Big Jumbo Fun Plane, A La Carte Kitchen, Polly Pocket, Lucy Locket (a larger version of Polly Pocket) and the Mighty Max range, as well as the invention of the plastic lunch box.

Bluebird was an almost immediate success, coming within £18,000 of breaking even in its first year of business, on turnover of £1.25m. By 1983 turnover had reached £3.4, and in 1985 the company went public on the Unlisted Securities Market. The shares had reached 500p by 1987, before sliding back to 26p in 1991, when the company reported a hefty loss.

The company acquired Peter Pan Playthings in 1987 and Merit Toys in 1988.

The company was saved by the Polly Pocket range, introduced in 1989, which became a global phenomenon. By 1993, the shares were back up to 575p, and the next year Bluebird announced profits of £7m on sales of over £40m, rising again to £20m on turnover of £100m in 1994–95. This figure was dominated by Polly Pocket and Mighty Max, a parallel line for boys introduced in 1992, accounting between them for 87% of sales. Already by 1994 nearly three-quarters of Britain's 2 million girls aged between three and eight were estimated to own a Polly Pocket. The shares rose still further, trebling again by October 1995 when the company announced a license for a new line of Disney characters in the pocket-size format, which became the Disney Tiny Collection series, and a new distribution deal with Mattel.

However, by 1997, Polly Pocket sales had fallen back, Mattel announced it would take no more of the existing stock until a reformat of the brand, and the share price was down to only a quarter of its previous peak value.

Financier Sir Ron Brierley's Guinness Peat Group made an unsolicited bid for the company in January 1998, but was outbid by Mattel acting as a white knight. Mattel swiftly went on to integrate Bluebird's products into its own lines, closing the headquarters in Swindon and offering redundancy packages to all those who were not offered relocation to the Mattel headquarters.

title: Bluebird Toys


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