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Tichu

Tichu is a proprietary card game primarily classified as a shedding game that includes elements of Bridge, Daihinmin, and Poker played between two teams of two players each. Teams work to accumulate points, and the first team to reach a predetermined score (usually 1,000 points) is the winner. Tichu is the trade name for what appears to be a variant of Dou di zhu, Choi Dai Di (Cantonese) or Da Lao Er (Mandarin), meaning "big two", combined with Zheng Fen ("Competing for Points"). It is also marketed as Tai-Pan in Dutch. Tichu was invented by Urs Hostettler and originally released in 1991.

Rules
The following covers the basics. However, for more comprehensive rule sets, consult the links below.

Each player sits across from their teammate so that play alternates between the two teams. The game is traditionally run anticlockwise, but is frequently played clockwise.

The game is played with a deck of 56 cards, consisting of a 52-card deck of four suits (Jade, Sword, Pagoda, Star) plus four special cards (Mah Jong, Dog, Phoenix, Dragon). A standard 52-card deck with 4 jokers (marked to indicate the special cards) can also be used.

Each player is dealt (or alternately draws, in Chinese play) eight cards, and may call "Grand Tichu," a 200-point bet that they (not their partner) will be the first to get rid of their cards. Once players have decided whether to make this call, six more cards are dealt (the remaining cards in the deck) and players may no longer declare "Grand Tichu." Now, and at any time prior to playing their first card, a player may call "Tichu", a 100-point bet that they (not their partner) will be the first to get rid of their cards. The differences between Grand Tichu and Tichu are when they may be called, the number of cards you've seen, and the number of points involved.

All players prepare three cards for simultaneous exchange, with each player passing one card (face down) to each of the other players—one to each opponent and one to the partner. Should a player declare "Tichu" before the simultaneous exchange, players are allowed to change their out-going exchange cards.

After the card exchange, the player with the Mah Jong leads the first trick. In Tichu, playable card combinations are generally based on Poker hands, with some exceptions. A player may pass on a trick with the option to play in later (essentially checking in Poker), and a trick is completed if it is passed three times in a row.

Playable card combinations include: a single card; any pair; two or more "stairs" (consecutive pairs; for example, 55667788. Non-consecutive pairs may not be played); three of a kind; straights of at least five cards in length, regardless of suit/color (so 56789TJQ is playable); and full houses (three of a kind & a pair). Four of a kind or a straight flush of at least five cards is a bomb which beats any card combination with the exception of a bigger bomb. Bombs may be played at any time (even out of turn) to end a trick, with every player given a chance to play bigger bombs before the trick is taken.

An example of "bombing": 10< K< D< 8888< AAAA< ♦ 9 ♦ 10 ♦ J ♦ Q ♦ K< ♠2♠3♠4♠5♠6♠7.

With the exception of "bombing", cards can only be followed by a similar combination of higher value; like a single card on a single card, a pair on a pair etc.

The special cards affect gameplay accordingly:
 * The Mah Jong The player with the Mah Jong leads the opening trick, but is not required to play Mah Jong in the trick. The Mah Jong may be played as a 1, either by itself or in a MJ2345+ straight. When the Mah Jong is played, you may make a Wish (request a card number 2-A). The wish remains active until it is fulfilled. Each player who can fulfill the Wished card must play it, if possible, until it is played once—if the wished card requires you playing four of them as a Bomb (i.e. to beat the straight, above), you must.  If the Mah Jong opens a trick as a straight, the next player must play a straight containing the wished value, if possible. If a straight can only be constructed with the Phoenix (as wild card, not the wished value), you must play it. Remember: if you can, you must. The Mah Jong is sometimes also referred to as the Sparrow.
 * The Dog has no numeric value, and cannot be played in a trick. The Dog must be played as the lead card, and passes the lead to your partner. If your partner is out, play passes to the active player after your partner's position. It is not possible to steal the lead in any way, as such, bombing the dog is not allowed.
 * The Phoenix may be played alone as .5 higher than the previous card played (i.e. after A, Phoenix is played as A.5), or as a wild card in a combination (with a value from 2-A). The declared value of a Phoenix in a straight doesn't satisfy the Mah Jong's wish, above. The Phoenix cannot be included as a wild card in a bomb, is not a wild card as a single play, has only a value of 1.5 when played as lead, and it doesn't count as .5 higher when used in a straight. The Phoenix is sometimes also referred to as the Nexus.
 * The Dragon is the strongest card and may only be played in a single card trick. The player wins the trick, unless the Dragon is bombed. If the trick is won with the Dragon, the trick is given to your opponent (you choose which one). Furthermore, if the dragon is bombed, the player who played the largest bomb on the trick takes the entire trick for themselves (which includes the dragon). Furthermore, it is impossible to use the dragon in order to win the dog.

Scoring
Teams gain or deduct points for Grand Tichu (±200 points) and/or Tichu (±100 points) calls. As an example: player A declared Grand Tichu and lost to D's Tichu. A&C lose 200 points and B&D gain 100 points.

If both players on a team get rid of all their cards before either player on the opposing team is out of cards, the winning team scores 200 points and there is no card scoring this round.

The last player out gives their remaining cards to the player that finished second, and gives all the tricks they have won this round to the first player who went out.

Points are scored based on the cards in the tricks won by each team. Kings and tens are worth ten points each, fives are worth five points, the Dragon is worth 25 points, and the Phoenix is worth negative 25. All other cards score zero.

Rounds continue until a team scores 1,000 points or more.

Three player game (or Threechu)
The cards are dealt the same way as normal. The dealer forms a team with a dummy and the other two players are a "normal" team and do nothing different. The dealer controls his own cards and of the dummy. He may not declare a Grand Tichu, only a small one. The exchange in cards is normal, only the dealer and dummy do not give each other a card. After this, the cards of the dummy must lay face-up on the table. After the round, another player plays with dummy, because playing with dummy has a slight advantage. Scoring is done individually. Usually, a number of rounds is played that is a multiple of three, so each player plays with the dummy an equal number of times. The dummy can declare tichu as well and also isn't obliged to fulfil the wish of Mah Jong.

Tientsin (6 players)
In Tientsin (Tianjin) tichu is played six-handed, two teams of three seated alternating round the table. The rules of the game are the same as for the four-handed version, except that:

 * grand tichu must be announced before the seventh card is taken
 * each player pushes only two cards, one to each of his partners, and gets one card back from each of them.
 * the hound transfers the right to lead to its holder’s choice of partner.
 * in the scoring, the last loses not only his remaining cards but also all his tricks to the opposition; the fifth (the last but one to go out) gives his tricks up to the winner of the round.

There is no special reward for a double victory, but a triple victory (one team gets rid of all its cards while all three opponents still hold cards) scores 300 points.

Grand Seigneur (5-12 players)
The seating order is the Alpha and Omega of Grand Seigneur, which is very similar to President or Daifugō. At the head of the table, in the most comfortable armchair in the house, sits the Great Lord himself. On his left is the number two in the hierarchy, the Lord. Further to the left, in third place, sits the Squire. In fourth place the Burgher. Number five is the Pauper. In last place - so at the right of the Great Lord - sits the Wretch on a simple kitchen stool.

The number of places corresponds to the number taking part. If need be, obscure forms such as Grand Burgher or Petty Pauper can be added in. Obviously women use the corresponding forms, such as Wretch (f).

The first round is a simple round of Tichu, without any pushing of cards or any point values, in which everyone tries to get rid of his cards as quickly as possible - to be elected as the first Great Lord of the day. Whoever gets rid of his cards second becomes the first Lord and so on. The players then move into the seats to which they are entitled.

The social injustice of the game of Grand Seigneur appears in the pushing in the second round. If five play one card less is handed over at each level. The recipients simultaneously push the corresponding number of cards back - but useless cards of their choice.
 * the Wretch pushes his best three cards to the Great Lord (including special cards, which rank Dragon, Phoenix, Mah Jong.)
 * the Pauper gives the Lord his two best
 * the Burgher gives the Squire his best.

The Mah Jong begins, the uneven contest takes it course and the winner becomes Great Lord, the tailender becomes the Wretch. The players take their new-won places - provided that any positions have changed. Great Lords are hard to overthrow due to the uneven card exchange.

There is no defined end to the game, only the glory of being Grand Lord. It is all for fun. The use of two packs is recommended when 7 or more play Grand Seigneur. The Hound and Mah Jong must be removed from the second pack. Extra rules:
 * the second Dragon played beats the first
 * only four cards of equal rank in different suits count as a 4-bomb.

title: Tichu


text: Category:European rugby league competitions

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Talk:Vol au vent

Votes for deletion
In June 2005, this article was nominated for deletion. The result was to keep. See Votes for deletion/Vol au vent for a record of the discussion. — Trilobite (Talk) 15:17, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I'm removing the following unsourced bizarre statements:
 * Vol au vents were staples of somewhat twee house parties in the seventies and eighties, of the sort portrayed in Mike Leigh's play Abigail's Party. Nowadays, they still pop up from time to time, with earnest at corporate catering for buffets but also somewhat ironically at nostalgic parties.

Twee house parties? Is there any evidence that's true, or that it's any more true than any other sort of canapé?

 * The song "You're the one that I want" by John Travolta and Olivia Newton-John of the movie Grease has a chorus line which resembles "You are a vol-au-vent".

No, it really doesn't. Original research perhaps?

French translation
Also, the article still says vol au vent translates as "Flight in the wind" but the Spanish Wikipedia claims it means "flight without motor". Bablefish translate it as "flight with the wind". None of these seem very relevant anyway, so perhaps it should just be removed.

Angela. 06:45, 27 April 2006 (UTC)

 * The translation is "flight of the wind". For one thing, it's french, not spanish. For another, "au" has no direct translation in English as its meaning varies with context, so Babelfish can't reliably translate that preposition. But in this case it means 'of'. CGameProgrammer 00:14, 28 April 2006 (UTC)

Merge
This article and the article for canapé are both very small and closely related so I've decided to merge the two. If anyone strong disagrees it should be pretty easy to revert. Vicarious 05:23, 23 November 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Vol au vent


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Cruiserweight (professional wrestling)

In professional wrestling, Cruiserweight is a weight class but also a term for a fast-paced, aerial-based style of performer. The term was first coined in the United States in 1996 by World Championship Wrestling. Prior to this, the terms "Light Heavyweight" and "Junior Heavyweight" were more commonly in use. The older term Junior Heavyweight is still favored in Japan, where many titles for lighter-weight competitors are called Junior Heavyweight titles. Prominent titles include New Japan Pro-Wrestling's IWGP Junior Heavyweight Championship, Pro Wrestling Noah's GHC Junior Heavyweight Championship, and All Japan Pro Wrestling's World Junior Heavyweight championships.

The weight limit used by World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and Japanese promotions is "up to 225 lbs" (102 kg), while WWE currently uses 205 lb (93 kg) as its weight limit. Due to the scripted nature of professional wrestling and that the billed weight of wrestlers can be changed, weight classes usually are not strictly enforced as they are in professional boxing and mixed martial arts. New Japan and Noah also have junior heavyweight tag team titles, for teams composed of junior heavyweights. WCW tested such a format with their own title shortly before the company was purchased by the World Wrestling Federation. In 2016, WWE relaunched its Cruiserweight Championship using a 205 lb weight limit, and also introduced a dedicated weekly program, 205 Live, focusing exclusively on cruiserweights.

Cruiserweight divisions and championships have risen to much greater prominence in wrestling promotions in Japan and Mexico than the United States. While there have been various wrestling companies over the years that have promoted cruiserweight/junior heavyweight titles and divisions in the U.S., they have had comparatively little prominence when compared to World Heavyweight champions.

Wrestlers
Cruiserweight wrestlers are generally shorter and possess less muscle bulk than heavyweights, a build which lends itself to a high-flying wrestling style. While there are many cruiserweights who specialize in alternate wrestling styles, cruiserweights are strongly associated with moves performed from the top rope and moves requiring a degree of speed, agility, balance and torque. Cruiserweight wrestling is often associated with lucha libre, where similar moves and match pacing are used, but Mexico uses a different weight class system and the actual term "cruiserweight" (crucero, in Spanish) is rarely used in favor of Light-Heavyweight (peso semicompleto in Spanish). Cruiserweight wrestlers tend to be wrestlers of average human height and weight.

The high spots often performed by cruiserweights are visually impressive but carry a varying degree of risk. Cruiserweight matches are not limited to such moves and due to the greater speed and agility of the wrestlers can involve more technical grappling than that seen in heavyweight divisions. A match with little to no transition between the spots is known as a spotfest. While spotfests do occur featuring heavyweights, the term is typically more used for cruiserweights, arguably because many of the fast-paced exchanges do not lend themselves as well to ring psychology as the more deliberately paced power moves and holds common in a heavyweight match. Some fans and wrestlers alike use the term "spotmonkey" to describe wrestlers whose matches consist primarily of high spots. In the United States, the term is generally meant as an insult and derogatory criticism, suggesting that the wrestlers have to rely on risky spots to get a reaction from fans due to a lack of charisma, personality and understanding of psychology.

Championships contested by cruiserweights cannot be held by wrestlers who are not cruiserweights, but cruiserweights are normally eligible to compete for heavyweight championships (e.g. Rey Mysterio winning the World Heavyweight Championship at Wrestlemania 22 despite being just under 200 lbs).

World Championship Wrestling
In the spring of 1996, WCW introduced its "Cruiserweight division", a segmented portion of the roster featuring smaller, faster and more agile wrestlers that contrasted starkly, both visually and stylistically, with their heavyweight counterparts. Although weight categories were not a new concept in wrestling or even WCW, the WCW Cruiserweight Division was quickly able to form a unique and popular identity by integrating and mixing wrestlers from all around the world and from vastly different wrestling styles, particularly Mexican Luchadores such as Rey Misterio Jr., Psychosis, and Juventud Guerrera, but also Japanese "Super Juniors" such as Último Dragón. North American wrestlers, such as Chris Jericho, Eddie Guerrero, Dean Malenko and Chris Benoit, who had travelled abroad to Mexico and Japan earlier in their careers and learnt the local styles were also able to thrive in the division. The division as a whole became a showcase of a fast-paced, aerial and athletic style of wrestling which became highly influential in both the short and long term in the industry. Eric Bischoff has credited with the division as becoming a defining feature of Monday Nitro that was as fundamental to the late 1990s popularity of WCW as the New World Order faction: "I think the cruiserweight division and the talent represented therein probably had as much to do with the success of Nitro as the nWo storyline and Hulk Hogan, Scott Hall, and Kevin Nash. I don’t think people recognize it. The talent in that division not only helped Nitro consistently defeat WWE...that talent forced WWE, as much as the nWo, to change the way they were presenting the product."

However, in the years following the launch of the division, many argued that the Cruiserweights gradually became a less important part of the show and secondary to the heavyweight wrestlers. In 2008, Rey Mysterio voiced this view:

World Wrestling Entertainment
In 1965, while operating under the name of the World Wide Wrestling Federation, the WWWF Junior Heavyweight Championship was created. Initially, the title was used from September 1965 until sometime in 1972. During this period, the title was held four times by Johnny De Fazio and was vacated after his retirement in 1972. The championship was reactivated in January 1978 with the first new champion being Carlos Jose Estrada. By this time, the company had renamed itself the World Wrestling Federation and engaged in a cross promotional agreement with New Japan Pro-Wrestling. Three days after Estrada won the vacant title, he was defeated by Tatsumi Fujinami. Going forward, the title was almost exclusively used by New Japan while the WWF retained ownership. The title was vacated and retired for the final time on October 31, 1985, as a result of New Japan and the WWF ending their working relationship.

In early 1981, the company created the WWF Light Heavyweight Championship, though unlike the WWF Junior Heavyweight Championship, the Light Heavyweight Championship was used primarily in Mexico due to a working agreement with the Mexican promotion Universal Wrestling Association. New Japan Pro-Wrestling also recognized the championship and the title was used as part of several cross promotional cards between New Japan and the UWA. The WWF's working agreement with the UWA came to an end in 1995 and the title was returned to the WWF by 1997. The WWF did not sanction the reign of any of the previous champions, adopting a revisionist history tactic with the company claiming that the title was created in 1997. The title remained activated from December 7, 1997, until it was retired in late 2001.

After the World Wrestling Federation acquired the intellectual property of WCW in 2001, the WWF Light Heavyweight Championship was abandoned in favor of the WCW Cruiserweight Championship, and the title was renamed the WWF Cruiserweight Championship; however, the title was eventually retired, with Hornswoggle serving as the last champion before being stripped of the title for his own safety.

None of the preceding championships were particularly prominent in the company; however, over the years the notion of lighter wrestlers becoming main event stars has become more accepted in WWE due to many of the top talents over the past 15 years arguably falling into the cruiserweight category. As a result, a very substantial portion of WWE's roster are billed at, slightly less, or slightly more than 220 lbs. Many lighter wrestlers have achieved main event status within WWE and, over the years, have won several world heavyweight championships. For instance, the billed weight of former WWE World Heavyweight Champion Daniel Bryan is 210 lbs. Other lighter wrestlers who have risen to prominence as main eventers and world heavyweight champions include Shawn Michaels, Chris Jericho, Dolph Ziggler, Christian, Rey Mysterio, Kurt Angle, Jeff Hardy, Eddie Guerrero, Chris Benoit, CM Punk, Seth Rollins, Finn Balor, A.J. Styles, and Kofi Kingston.

In 2016, WWE began to re-launch its cruiserweight division by producing the Cruiserweight Classic—a 32-man tournament with participants billed as being under 205 lb, the lower limit of cruiserweight in MMA. The Cruiserweight Classic was won by T. J. Perkins, who became inaugural holder of the new WWE Cruiserweight Championship. The new championship was initially part of the Raw brand, and does not share the same title history as the previous Cruiserweight Championship that was retired in 2007. In November 2016, WWE Network introduced a new weekly program known as 205 Live, exclusively featuring cruiserweight performers. The championship was defended on both Raw and 205 Live until 2018, when it became exclusive to the newly created 205 Live brand.

In late 2019, WWE began to merge 205 Live into the NXT brand and creative, including renaming the championship the NXT Cruiserweight Championship, and allowing NXT cruiserweights to appear on 205 Live and vice versa. At New Year's Evil in January 2022, following a relaunch of NXT that reverted it back to being a developmental brand, the NXT Cruiserweight Championship was unified with the NXT North American Championship and retired.

TNA/Impact Wrestling
In 2002, TNA established the "X Division"—an openweight class and championship focused on crossover between traditional wrestling styles with faster-paced, high-flying moves associated with cruiserweights. Despite this, almost all of the X Division champions have been high-flyers, with Kurt Angle, Samoa Joe, Abyss and Lashley being notable exceptions. In August 2011, the division was given a 225 lb weight limit before returning to being an openweight division by June 10, 2012, when the 280 lb Samoa Joe was allowed to challenge for the belt at Sammiversary. In 2013, the weight limit returned, only for it to be repealed in August of that year after the new rules were rejected by fans. Due to their initial affiliation with the National Wrestling Alliance, many NWA territories have started sanctioning their own X Division championships, with some territories explicitly replacing existing cruiserweight competitions with the new division.

Major championships
The following is a list of all titles equivalent to a cruiserweight championship. Title names vary, but may include the terms cruiserweight, lightweight, midweight, middleweight, flyweight, welterweight, featherweight, junior heavyweight, or X Division. It is worth noting that each of these class listings are separate in boxing and amateur wrestling, but are almost interchangeable in professional wrestling.

Africa
• AWA African Cruiserweight Championship

• AWA Lightweight Championship

• WWP World Cruiserweight Championship

Asia
• GHC Junior Heavyweight Championship

• GHC Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship

• International Junior Heavyweight Championship (Zero1)

• International Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship

• IWGP Junior Heavyweight Championship

• IWGP Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship

• World Junior Heavyweight Championship (Zero1)

• PHX Championship (Philippine Wrestling Revolution)

• PWF World Junior Heavyweight Championship

• BJW World Strong Junior Heavyweight Championship

• Independent World Junior Heavyweight Championship

• International Junior Heavyweight Championship

• Tohoku Junior Heavyweight Championship

Europe
• British Commonwealth Junior Heavyweight Championship

• British Flyweight Championship

• British Heavy Middleweight Championship

• British Light Heavyweight Championship

• British Lightweight Championship

• British Mid-Heavyweight Championship

• British Welterweight Championship

• ICW Zero-G Championship

• RBW British Middleweight Championship

North America
• AAA World Cruiserweight Championship

• CMLL World Light Heavyweight Championship

• CMLL World Super Lightweight Championship

• CMLL World Middleweight Championship

• CMLL World Welterweight Championship

• MLW World Middleweight Championship

• Mexican National Light Heavyweight Championship

• Mexican National Lightweight Championship

• Mexican National Welterweight Championship

• NWA World Junior Heavyweight Championship

• NWA World Light Heavyweight Championship

• NWA World Middleweight Championship

• NWA World Welterweight Championship

• TNA X Division Championship

North America
• AWA Light Heavyweight Championship

• GWF Light Heavyweight Championship

• Mexican National Cruiserweight Championship

• Mexican National Middleweight Championship

• NXT Cruiserweight Championship

• OVW Light Heavyweight Championship

• WCW Light Heavyweight Championship

• WCW World Cruiserweight Championship

• WCW Cruiserweight Tag Team Championship

• WCW Women's Cruiserweight Championship

• WCWA Light Heavyweight Championship

• WWE Cruiserweight Championship (1991–2007)

• WWF Junior Heavyweight Championship

• WWF Light Heavyweight Championship

• NWA Southwest Junior Heavyweight Championship

• NWA World Light Heavyweight Championship (New Jersey version)

• XWF Cruiserweight Championship

• CZW World Junior Heavyweight Championship

Asia
• WAR International Junior Heavyweight Championship

• WWF Junior Heavyweight Championship

• NWA International Light Heavyweight Championship

• NWA International Junior Heavyweight Championship

• FMW World Junior Heavyweight Championship

• BJW World Junior Heavyweight Championship

• Wrestle-1 Cruiser Division Championship

Australia
• Australian Light Heavyweight Championship

• Australian Middleweight Championship

• NWA World Light Heavyweight Championship (Australian version)

• World Light Heavyweight Championship (Australian version)

• WWA International Cruiserweight Championship

title: Cruiserweight (professional wrestling)


text:
Talk:Trampolining

Flip vs Sault
The moves section curently has a paragraph that reads:
 * Trampoline skills can be written in FIG (Federation Internationale de Gymnastique) shorthand. FIG shorthand consists of one digit signifying the number of quarter rotations, followed by digits representing the number of half twists in each flip, and a symbol representing the position of the skill. “/” represents a straight position, “<” represents a pike position, and “ο” represents a tuck position. For example, 42/ is a backflip with a full twist in the straight position, and 8- - ο is a double back flip with no twists in the tuck position

In artistic gymnastics, the term 'flip' has a very different meaning to the term 'somersault' and I think that 'somersault' is what is intended. I think that 'flip' should be replaced with 'somersault', however, I'm not familiar enough with trampolining to know whether its usage of terms differs from artistic gymnastics. Can someone who is more familiar with the topic clarify? --Spuzzdawg (talk) 07:13, 9 January 2014 (UTC)
 * Trampolinists in some English-speaking countries, though not all, use the term flip informally to refer to a somersault, but the actual term should be somersault or salto as in the FIG guide referenced. I have changed the article. Dabbler (talk) 17:06, 9 January 2014 (UTC)
 * As a reader external to the sport I think this paragraph could be clarified. First it's not clear to me why the notation 42/ is necessarily a "back" somersault, there doesn't seem to be any system to differentiate between front and back. Secondly, why is there only one character marking the "shape"? Is it always a succession of the same shape even when multiple somersaults are involved? What about the last front somersault with half twist before the bounce, is it counted/marked? Joancharmant (talk) 21:18, 5 September 2023 (UTC)

Untitled
"Trampolines were originally used in ancient Rome to get soldiers fit for war. " This statement may belong in Trampoline but I have never seen any reference to it in any source. If you can verify it then it could be moved. Dabbler 15:18, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Removed as non-encyclopedic
While the following is true, it doesn't really belong in an encyclopedia article on the sport but in a manual of some sort. You could also consider whether it might be more appropriate in some modified form in Trampoline.

Trampoline Safety
While trampolining is exciting, fun and good exercise it does have its dangers. Most countries have trampoline associations and, from these, codes of conduct can be obtained. However, for the beginner, the following basic rules and recommendations should be followed.

1. No one would install a swimming pool and not teach their children to swim. So find out where your local trampoline club is and join otherwise read up on the subject as a basic coach or go on a coach course.

2. Follow the advice of the trampoline manufacturer about siting and play.

3. Discourage having more than one person at a time on the trampoline.(Two consecutive impacts can cause the second person to be "kipped" that is impelled with nearly twice the power expected.)

4. Have people who are not on the trampoline stand round the trampoline ready to push fallers back on or lower them safely to the ground. These are called "spotters" who should be "spotting". Spotters are compulsary at ALL trampoline competitions.

5. Do not attempt "moves" that you have not been trained to do.

6. If you feel you or your child has real talent then join a club early. Self taught moves are invariably of very poor technique and will have to be relearned. Dabbler 15:00, 31 August 2006 (UTC)

Hello Dabbler - I think there is an argument for some reference here to safety since the dangers are known and recordable facts and worthy of note to anybody researching trampolining. I do not disagree that actual safety guidelines could be referred to as an external or alternative wiki-reference. One possibility might be my own club's website www.brentwoodtc.org/safety.htm (where I have just noted a couple of broken links!!)  DaveK@BTC 16:40, 31 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I don't disagree that safety is important, but there is already a Trampoline Safety section in the other article Trampoline which deals more with the actual apparatus. Perhaps we could put in something here about spotters and mats, end decks and padding since they are actually used during competitions.Dabbler 17:45, 31 August 2006 (UTC)

Related Sports
Noting Dabblers removal of reference to Bossaball & Slamball - I almost did the same but they are 'legitimate' sports that use trampolines, they are just not trampolining. Maybe we should have a 'related sports' section? —Preceding unsigned comment added by DaveK@BTC (talk • contribs)
 * Both sports are referenced on Trampoline which is appropriate because they do use trampoline apparatus. They bear no resemblance to the sport of trampolining. Dabbler 11:00, 16 October 2006 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Trampoline 2008.gif
Image:Trampoline 2008.gif is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 02:45, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

Effects of rebounding?
This article doesn't mention the purported health effects of the rebounding trend. I came here looking for any sort of scientific research on the claims that bouncing on a trampoline is a safe, effective exercise and that its not a waste of time. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 192.104.24.222 (talk) 14:56, 18 August 2008 (UTC)
 * This article is about the sport of trampolining, perhaps you should look at Trampoline which covers the apparatus and its use in a more general way. Or even write a section on the health benefits yourself if you can find good articles on the subject to reference. Dabbler (talk) 15:23, 18 August 2008 (UTC)
 * There are some resources here http://www.brentwoodtc.org/health_benefits.htm DaveK@BTC (talk) 16:04, 18 August 2008 (UTC)

Olympic symbol image
I removed the symbol rather than attach a Citation Needed tag to it. These symbols are changed for each Games, so at the very least we need to identify at which games this symbol was used. However, I can't recall any of the symbols from Athens or Sydney that looked like that one and I know that the Beijing symbol wan't like that. I haven't been able to track down official images though to be certain one way or the other. Hey, So Im #1 on Trampoline! Try To Beat me!! :) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.210.35.171 (talk) 23:47, 16 March 2012 (UTC)

Requested move 24 November 2022

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: Not moved per consensus. (closed by non-admin page mover)  echidnaLives  -  talk  -  edits  09:35, 4 December 2022 (UTC)

Trampolining → Trampoline & tumbling – Although FIG officially calls these events collectively "trampoline gymnastics", the more common terminology in English is Trampoline & tumbling (see ) with ampersand or T&T for short, because tumbling is part of competitions and does not involve a trampoline. "Trampoline gymnastics" is an ambiguous term because it often refers to trampoline only exclusive of tumbling (eg ). In fact, as far as I can tell "trampoline gymnastics" and "trampolining" more often refer to trampoline only than both trampoline and tumbling in reliable sources. (t · c)  buidhe  20:30, 24 November 2022 (UTC) The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
 * Oppose: Regardless of whether these activities are often grouped together for purposes of organized sporting competitions, they are two very different activities. Many more people have trampolines than have 25-metre sprung tumbling tracks, and there is no obligation to practice tumbling in order to engage in trampolining (at least unless someone wants to engage in specific organized competitions). Moreover, as the article on the subject says, "tumbling" has more than one meaning. Also, trampolining is an Olympic sport and tumbling is not, so they are clearly not always coupled together even for competition purposes. I'm also not fond of the suggestion to use the &|"&" symbol. Wikipedia styling only uses "&" in titles when it is part of the styling of a creative work or a trademark, and this is not one of those. Here the suggested use is merely for the decorative purpose of looking nice in a succinct abbreviation. — BarrelProof (talk) 17:37, 25 November 2022 (UTC)
 * I wouldn't be opposed to a split where this article only covers Trampolining while the article notes that Tumbling (sport) is also counted as part of "trampoline gymnastics" by the FIG. As for popularity, this article is not about the recreational use of backyard trampolines and so forth, which is covered by the trampoline article, but the competitive sport of trampolining. Nor would I oppose a title with "and" instead if that's the consensus. However, I do not think the current article title is appropriate for the current article scope. (t · c)  buidhe  18:22, 25 November 2022 (UTC)
 * The trampoline article seems to be (at least primarily) about the physical device(s) rather than the sporting activity involving its use (opening sentence: "A trampoline is a device consisting of ..."). In my opinion, this article should cover the sporting activity, regardless of whether that is part of a specific organization or not. Analogous article pairs may be Bicycle versus Cycling, Gun versus Shooting, and Bow and arrow versus Archery. (The ping didn't work; it only works when properly formatted in the initial edit that bears a signature.) — BarrelProof (talk) 18:58, 25 November 2022 (UTC)
 * The fact that and  are red links further reinforces my impression that practically no one is using the proposed term (either with "&" or "and") to find information on Wikipedia about these topics or is considering those two topics to be a necessarily bundled package. — BarrelProof (talk) 01:30, 26 November 2022 (UTC)
 * They ARE bundled for the purpose of the international sporting competitions that this article is currently about. As I said, I'm not opposed to a rescope or splitting of the article, but for now it is about the sub-sport of gymnastics which includes both trampoline and tumbling events. (t · c)  buidhe  05:33, 26 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Aside from the scope question, your first sentence doesn't really seem to be correct. The opening sentence of the article says "Trampolining or trampoline gymnastics is a competitive Olympic sport". But tumbling is not an Olympic sport. The Olympics is a well-known international sporting competition and it does not bundle trampolining and tumbling together as a coupled named activity. Perhaps that is because tumbling is just considered a variant of trampolining (like double mini trampolining or synchronized trampolining) – but if that is the case, then tumbling doesn't need to be mentioned in the article title. I'm also not so sure that the article should consider only international competition. — BarrelProof (talk) 02:26, 1 December 2022 (UTC)
 * Oppose per BarrelProof, and the '&' seems a non-starter per Wikipedia style. Randy Kryn (talk) 04:27, 26 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Oppose per above. Even if this is technically the combined sport, common usage would have trampolining in its own right, without inclusion of tumbling. — Amakuru (talk) 23:01, 2 December 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Trampolining


text:
Duchess (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)

The Duchess is a character in Lewis Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, published in 1865. Carroll does not describe her physically in much detail, although as stated in Chapter 9, "Alice did not much like keeping so close to her: first, because the Duchess was very ugly; and secondly, because she was exactly the right height to rest her chin upon Alice’s shoulder, and it was an uncomfortably sharp chin." Her hideous appearance and short stature is strongly established in the popular imagination thanks to John Tenniel's illustrations and from context it is clear that Alice finds her quite unattractive.

Origin
The Duchess is an antagonist of The Queen of Hearts. In her first appearance, the Duchess seems nearly as unpleasant as the Queen herself, but later on treats Alice with friendliness and respect. According to Martin Gardner in The Annotated Alice, John Tenniel's drawings of the Duchess were inspired by Quentin Matsys's The Ugly Duchess (c. 1513) in the National Gallery. It has been said that the painting is a portrait of Margaret, Countess of Tyrol, who had the reputation of being the ugliest woman who ever existed. The painting, however, was done 200 years after her death.

Description
The Duchess lives in Wonderland in a small house just outside the Caterpillar's forest. She employs a footman, whom Alice thinks resembles a frog, and a Cook, who is addicted to pepper and who throws crockery and kitchen utensils over her shoulder with no concern for those who might be hit. The footman enjoys staring at the sky for days on end, oblivious to most people in or out of the house. The Duchess also has a baby and a cat (the Cheshire Cat).

Lewis Carroll is not explicit about her physical attributes, but Tenniel's drawings illustrate an ugly and grotesque woman with an extremely large head. Her character is strongly volatile; at times she even seems to have a double personality. When she first meets Alice in her kitchen, she shows herself to be nervously aggressive.

She recites one of the better-known rhymes in the book, when she advocates beating a child for sneezing:

''Speak roughly to your little boy and beat him when he sneezes he only does it to annoy because he knows it teases. I speak severely to my boy I beat him when he sneezes for he can thoroughly enjoy the pepper when he pleases''

As the Cook has absolutely saturated the kitchen with pepper and the baby sneezes constantly, one can only conclude he has probably suffered quite a bit at his mother's hands. Taking pity on the child, Alice spirits him away, only to find that he has transformed into a pig. It is never explained why this happens, but Alice looks on the bright side, concluding that while the baby wasn't a very attractive baby, it makes for a good-looking pig.

Of the Duchess' household, the Cat appears to be by far the most balanced and sensible, although it states that—like everyone else in Wonderland—it is mad.

When Alice meets the Duchess for the second time at the Queen's croquet party, the Duchess is much more chatty and pleasant tempered. She repeatedly places her chin firmly on Alice's shoulder, which Alice finds disturbing as well as uncomfortable, as the Duchess has a very sharp, pointy chin. (In Kurt Vonnegut's novel Breakfast of Champions he also has a character do this, and Vonnegut breaks the fourth wall to tell readers that it is a direct homage to this famous scene with the Duchess.) Even so, Alice begins to suspect that the Duchess might actually have a pleasant personality after all, and that her earlier ruthlessness was caused by the pepper.

The Duchess is often seen as a child's-eye-view of emotionally volatile and mysterious adults, switching back and forth between dark moods and condescending affection at unpredictable times.

The Duchess' Cook
The Duchess' Cook lives in the Duchess' Palace, is obsessed with pepper and throws it all over the place, causing the Baby and Duchess to sneeze constantly. She also smashes plates everywhere with crockery and kitchen utensils.

She is called to testify as a witness at the trial later in the book, and when told to give her evidence, she replies "Shan't." After the White Rabbit tells the King that he is required to cross examine this witness, the King asks her what tarts are made of, to which she answers "pepper."

Tim Burton
In the 2010 Tim Burton film, Thackery Earwicket (March Hare) shares many of The Cook's characteristics such as enjoying smashing plates and throwing pepper everywhere.

Other media

 * Martha Raye played the Duchess (and Imogene Coca the Cook) in the 1985 film Alice in Wonderland.
 * The Duchess appeared in the Sunsoft's 2006 mobile game Alice's Warped Wonderland (歪みの国のアリス). She is an enormous and extremely overweight woman who eats non-stop for twelve years and Ariko (the "Alice" of the game) is tasked by her husband, The Duke, to make her stop.
 * The Duchess appeared in the "Brooke Shields" episode of The Muppet Show (with the episode being the Muppet adaption of "Alice in Wonderland") performed by Kathryn Mullen. A Whatnot puppet was dressed up to play the Duchess.
 * The Duchess also appears in John Kendrick Bangs' parody novel Alice in Blunderland: An Iridescent Dream.
 * The Duchess appears as a minor character played by Teri Garr in the live-action Disney TV series Adventures in Wonderland.
 * The Duchess is the first boss that Alice faces in American McGee's Alice. Appearing from the chimney, she is extremely large and ugly, wearing a stained apron and wielding a bizarre sort of pepper shaker, from which she shoots lethal black pepper at Alice—presumably belonging to her Cook, who is described in the book as putting excessive amounts of pepper in her cooking. In this version, she seems to be a cannibal, as her first lines indicate that Alice would make a nice light snack. After being defeated, she becomes intoxicated with pepper, and her head explodes. According to Bill the Lizard, the Duchess is hiding from the Queen of Hearts, hinting that they are still enemies. It appears, however, that the pepper has corrupted the Duchess, as it did in the book, but to a greater extent. She returns in the sequel of the game, Alice: Madness Returns. She has since learned manners and adheres to a strict "pork" diet. In this game, she asks Alice to look for snouts throughout the game as a side mission.
 * The character of the Duchess is drastically different in the SyFy channel's miniseries, Alice. In the SyFy re-imagining, the Duchess is tall, statuesque, blond and stunningly beautiful, dressed in revealing and sensual outfits. She is supposedly a sycophant of the Queen of Hearts, betrothed to Jack Heart, the Queen's son, so that the Queen might keep him under close surveillance due to his "rebellious" nature. When Prince Jack is sentenced to death by his mother for being a member of the Wonderland resistance, the Duchess helps him escape from the Eye Room, where he is being held for the night before his execution. During their escape, the Duchess reveals to Jack that she did only what was necessary to survive in the Queen's Court; she also reveals that she cares for Jack. Her last scene is at Jack's side when the Queen is confronted and forced to surrender after the destruction of the Casino. Her ultimate fate is not revealed.
 * In the story Are You Alice?, the Duchess is shown to be a little girl with a fair complexion pink short hair and large eyes. On her hair lies a big hat on her right where one portion of her hair is curled as her bangs. She wears a black-and-white stripped dress fit to her small stature and size and big ribbon behind her neck. Underneath her outfit, she wears a pair of white undergarments reaching to her knees. She wears brown knee-high boots with laces of ribbon tied into it. Moreover, rather than being ugly she has a very cute appearance. Her role in this story is to be a replacement for Alice. She was executed by the Queen of Hearts for not fulfilling her role.
 * In Tim Burton’s film, the Duchess does not appear but the Red Queen has her characteristic of a deformed face. The Red Queen also owns a pig which she abuses and uses as a footstool.
 * In Marissa Meyer's 2016 novel Heartless, Catherine (the future Queen of Hearts) has a longtime acquaintance named Lady Margaret Mearle. Lady Margaret is described as being extremely ugly and morally righteous. Lady Margaret goes on to marry the Duke of Tuskany, who is in fact a warthog, and becomes the Duchess. Catherine dislikes the Duchess and is jealous of her happy marriage.


text:
Talk:Filmi song

Votes for deletion
In June 2005, this article was nominated for deletion. The result was to redirect to Filmi. See Votes for deletion/Filmi song for a record of the discussion. — Trilobite (Talk) 15:18, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Filmi song


text:
West Side Line

The West Side Line, also called the West Side Freight Line, is a railroad line on the west side of the New York City borough of Manhattan. North of Penn Station, from 34th Street, the line is used by Amtrak passenger service heading north via Albany to Toronto; Montreal; Niagara Falls and Buffalo, New York; Burlington, Vermont; and Chicago. South of Penn Station, a 1.45 mi elevated section of the line, abandoned since 1980, has been transformed into an elevated park called the High Line. The south section of the park from Gansevoort Street to 20th Street opened in 2009 and the second section up to 30th Street opened in 2011, while the final section to 34th Street opened in 2014.

Hudson River Railroad

The West Side Line was built by the Hudson River Railroad, which completed the 40 mi to Peekskill on September 29, 1849, opened to Poughkeepsie by the end of that year, and extended to Albany (Rensselaer) in 1851. The city terminus was at the junction of Chambers and Hudson Streets; the track was laid along Hudson, Canal, and West Streets, to Tenth Avenue, which it followed to the upper city station at 34th Street. Over this part of the right-of-way, the rails were laid at grade along the streets, and since the Hudson River Railroad's regulations did not allow locomotives to draw cars through streets, the cars were drawn by a dummy engine. While passing through the city the train of cars was preceded by a man on horseback known as a "West Side cowboy" or "Tenth Avenue cowboy" who gave notice of its approach by blowing a horn.

At 34th Street, the right-of-way curved into Eleventh Avenue, the dummy engine was detached, and the regular locomotive took the train. As far as 60th Street, the track was at street level. The first cut was at Fort Washington Point. The railroad crossed Spuyten Duyvil Creek on a drawbridge; a fatal wreck occurred there on January 13, 1882, when the Atlantic Express, stopped on the line, was rear-ended by a local train, telescoping the last two palace cars, where the stoves and lamps were upset and ignited the woodwork and upholstery.

In 1867, the New York Central Railroad and Hudson River Railroad were united by Cornelius Vanderbilt, being merged in 1869 to form the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad. The railroad acquired the former Episcopal church's St. John's Park property and built a large freight depot at Beach and Varick streets, which opened in 1868. The tracks south to Chambers Street were then removed. In 1871, the Spuyten Duyvil and Port Morris Railroad (Hudson Line) opened, and most passenger trains were rerouted into the new Grand Central Depot via that line along the northeast bank of the Harlem River and the New York and Harlem Railroad (Harlem Line), also part of the New York Central system. The old line south of Spuyten Duyvil remained for freight to the docks along Manhattan's west side and minimal passenger service to the West Side station on Chambers Street (used until 1916).

Grade separation
As the city grew, congestion worsened on the west side. Eventually, plans were drawn up for a grade-separated line. The West Side Elevated Highway was built with the line's grade separation in the 1930s. Work on the highway – named for Manhattan Borough President Julius Miller, who championed it – began in 1925, and the first section was dedicated on June 28, 1934. This included a new, elevated eight-track freight terminal called St. John's Terminal, located several blocks north of the old one at St. John's Park, with its southern edge at Spring Street. North of there, an elevated structure (the present-day High Line) carried two tracks north on the west side of Washington Street, curving onto the east side of Tenth Avenue at 14th Street, then crossing Tenth Avenue at 17th Street and heading north along its west side. Just south of the Pennsylvania Station rail yard at 31st–33rd Streets, the line turned west on the north side of 30th Street, then north just east of the West Side Highway. The northernmost bridge crossed 34th Street, and a ramp took it back to Eleventh Avenue south of 35th Street. The elevated line was built through the second or third floors of several buildings along the route; others were served directly by elevated sidings.

In 1937, the tracks along Eleventh Avenue were bypassed by a below-grade line, passing under the 35th Street intersection and running north just west of Tenth Avenue before slowly curving northwest, passing under Eleventh Avenue at 59th Street and rejoining the original alignment. There were three sections that remained open, one at 37th Street, one at 45th Street, and one at 49th Street. The one at 37th Street was covered over in the mid-2010s, but the openings at 45th and 49th Streets remain to this day.

Around the same time, New York City Parks Commissioner Robert Moses covered the line from 72nd Street north to 120th Street with an expansion of Riverside Park. His project, called the West Side Improvement, was twice as expensive as the Hoover Dam and created the Henry Hudson Parkway, as well as a railroad tunnel under the park. The large 60th Street Yard served as the dividing point between the two-track realignment and a wider four-track line to the north. North of 123rd Street, the line became elevated between the Henry Hudson Parkway and Riverside Drive before returning to the surface and crossing under the Parkway to its west side near 159th Street. It continues along the shore of the Hudson River to the Spuyten Duyvil Bridge, a swing bridge across the Harlem Ship Canal (Spuyten Duyvil Creek), before merging with the Hudson Line just north of the bridge.

In addition to serving the industrial and dock areas of the Lower West Side, the line was the primary route for produce and meat into New York, serving warehouses in the West Village, Chelsea and the Meatpacking District, as well as serving the James Farley Post Office and private freight services.

Donald Trump and Riverside South
The New York Central Railroad was merged into Penn Central in 1968. In 1976, the combined Penn Central, following a bankruptcy and then a merger, became the largest part of Conrail. Conrail continued to operate freight along the West Side Line until 1980.

Donald Trump optioned the 60th Street Yard in 1974. Riverside South, the development project he ultimately began there, was then the city's biggest private residential development; it faced opposition from many people living on the Upper West Side. To obtain approval of his project, Trump agreed to substantially reduce the size of his ambitions, build Riverside Park South on 23 acre of the yard, and donate the park and the right-of-way for a relocated highway to the city.

The line north of 31st Street was acquired by Amtrak. The southernmost part of the High Line (south of Bank Street) had been removed in the 1960s; the structure from Bank to Gansevoort Streets was removed some 20 years later. The northernmost block of the High Line viaduct, between 34th and 35th Streets, was rerouted to the south of 34th Street in the 1980s because the ramp to 35th Street was demolished as part of the Javits Center's construction. However, the realigned ramp was never used. By mid-2005, the rest of the High Line was owned by CSX, which acquired it after the 1999 breakup of Conrail.

Empire Connection
The Empire Connection (or West Side Connection ) allows Amtrak's passenger trains traveling on the Empire Corridor from Albany in upstate New York, and beyond, to enter Penn Station. Before its construction, Empire Service trains came into Grand Central Terminal, requiring passengers bound for Northeast Corridor trains to transfer to Penn Station via shuttle bus, taxicab, subway or on foot. This was a legacy of the fact that the Empire Service lines had previously been part of the New York Central Railroad, which built and owned Grand Central, while Penn Station was owned by the Pennsylvania Railroad. The two stations had never been connected, even after the PRR and New York Central merged as Penn Central in 1968 and after Amtrak took over intercity passenger rail service in 1971.

When the West Side Yard for the Long Island Rail Road was built on the west side of Manhattan in 1986, a tunnel was built under it connecting Penn Station to the West Side Line just west of Eleventh Avenue, near the Javits Center. The project severed the southernmost part of the West Side Line, the High Line viaduct, from the rest of the West Side Line. When additional funding later became available, one track along the northern part of the West Side Line was rebuilt for passenger service and named the Empire Connection. A short section of single track into Penn Station was electrified using third rail and overhead catenary, since diesel locomotives are not allowed in Penn Station's tunnels. North of 39th Street, the single track expands into two tracks and electrification on the line ends. A wye was constructed next to Track 2 (the westernmost track) to allow diesels to turn around. South of 48th Street, there is a crossover from Track 1 (the easternmost track) to Track 2, and another siding splits off Track 2 just south of 48th Street, extending about 300 feet and ending at bumper block at 49th Street. The Empire Connection was double-tracked north of 39th Street to south of the Spuyten Duyvil Bridge in the mid-1990s.

On April 7, 1991, all of Amtrak's trains departing for or arriving from Albany and points north began using the Empire Connection into Penn Station, ending Amtrak service to Grand Central. Transportation planners had long envisioned consolidating all intercity service to New York at Penn Station, but those efforts did not go beyond the planning stages until the 1980s. Besides being more convenient for passengers, many of whom had balked at taking the train to New York City due to the difficulty of transferring between stations, this saved Amtrak the expense of operating two stations in New York City. Additionally, Amtrak had to pay $600,000 per year to the Metropolitan Transportation Authority, operator of Grand Central, to use that station's tracks. Despite warnings by officials in March 1991, inadequate fencing along the line allowed a 3-year-old boy to enter the tracks, where he was struck and killed.

Under the Penn Station Access project, Metro-North Railroad is studying ways it could also serve Penn Station. One alternative being studied would run some Hudson Line commuter trains into Penn Station via the Empire Connection, possibly with new station stops at West 125th and 62nd Streets.

High Line park

By the late 1970s, freight traffic on the southern portion of the line had become nearly non-existent. In the early 1980s, the tracks were closed for a significant period of time as the line was reconfigured to accommodate the expansion of the Javits Center. Even after the line reopened, freight traffic never returned, and the elevated viaducts in Manhattan stood abandoned for over thirty years.

The elevated viaducts were transformed into a 1.45 mi elevated linear park and greenway called the High Line starting in 2006 and opening in phases during 2009, 2011, 2014, and 2019. Since opening in June 2009, the High Line has become an icon of American contemporary landscape architecture. The park became a tourist attraction and spurred real estate development in adjacent neighborhoods, increasing real-estate values and prices along the route.

title: West Side Line


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Norman Swartz

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was speedily deleted. jni 09:26, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Norman Swartz
no content probable vanity page 198.93.113.49 15:20, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I already got it nom'd for a Speedy delete. jglc | t | c 15:22, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Thomas Button

Sir Thomas Button (c. 1575 - April 1634) was a Welsh officer of the Royal Navy, notable as an explorer who in 1612–1613 commanded an expedition that unsuccessfully attempted to locate explorer Henry Hudson and to navigate the Northwest Passage.

Early life
Born around 1575, he was the fourth son of Miles Button of Worlton, Glamorgan, and his wife Margaret, daughter of Edward Lewis. His father's family had been landowners, originally at Bitton in Gloucestershire, since the 1100s. Around 1595 he married Elizabeth, daughter of landowner Sir Walter Rice of Newton House, Llandeilo, and his wife Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Edward Mansell of Margam. This made him a nephew of the prominent naval officer Sir Robert Mansell, from whose patronage he benefited for the rest of his career.

Arctic exploration
In April 1612, he was given command of two navy ships, Resolution and Discovery, to lead an expedition in search of the Northwest Passage. Sailing from England around the beginning of May 1612, they reached the mouth of a river which he named the Nelson after the ship's master, who had died. They wintered at what is now known as Port Nelson and the next year headed north to search for the Northwest Passage. They lost the Resolution to sea ice and continued on to 65° North. He discovered and named Mansel Island and returned to England in September 1613. He is credited with exploring and securing the west coast of Hudson Bay for his country, naming the area New Wales. The region would again be visited twelve years later in 1631 by Captains Thomas James and Luke Foxe. Supposedly, upon discovering a cross erected by Button at Port Nelson, Captain Foxe christened the shore north of the Nelson River as New North Wales and all the lands south as New South Wales. Button and his men were some of the first recorded Europeans to explore the area now known as Manitoba and his discovery meant that others followed after him, using his landmarks, his stories, and his detailed notes. The first maps of areas near Hudson Bay were struck from his explorations and from those of his predecessor, Henry Hudson.

Later life
On his return, he was appointed Admiral of the Irish Coasts in command of the Irish Squadron and on 30 August 1616 was knighted by the Lord Deputy of Ireland. The activity of pirates and smugglers at Pwllheli in the Cardigan Bay occupied the subject in 1631. Despite his standing in the Navy, his subsequent career was marked by prolonged quarrels with the Admiralty, wrongs being committed on both sides, resulting in the end with him in ill-health being stripped of his post as Admiral and left effectively bankrupt. He was buried on 8 April 1634 at the church of St Margaret's, Westminster, survived by his wife and five of their seven children. He left no will and his Welsh lands passed to his eldest son, Miles, who had to mortgage them to meet his father's debts. After waiting three years, his widow received 650 pounds (equivalent to about 98,000 pounds in 2015) from the government in settlement of pay and expenses he was owed.

title: Thomas Button


text:
User talk:Hazzl

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Alai 15:22, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Hazzl


text: Category:Rivers of Finland

title: Category:Rivers of Finland


text:
User:Benjamin Gatti

Topics I Edit:
 * Wave energy
 * Nuclear energy
 * Looting

Topics I Start:
 * Criminalization of politics
 * Extraordinary nuclear occurrence
 * Election litter
 * Conspicuous conservation
 * Clean safe nuclear energy (False Advertising phrase used by President Bush in his 5th State of the Union Address or whatever you call it)
 * Banality of evil
 * Propheteering (survived RfD)
 * Price-Anderson Act (expanded into separate article by User: Simesa)
 * Subsidy farming
 * Negawatts
 * Power laundering
 * Cocktail napkin science
 * User:Benjamin Gatti/Judge Regan Miller

(My other site)

Windwaveandsun.com

title: User:Benjamin Gatti


text:
Talk:Disodium guanylate

Unhealthy
I don't understand the meaning of it, is it an unhealthy product ?. What kind of damage can be done ?

No ! "Additive" does not equal "unhealthy" !

 * | | | | That is, not necessarily unhealthy. There are those who are allergic to this series of flavor enhancers, including monosodium glutamate and its fellows.  My wife vomits upon ingesting any of these - - if she is lucky.  Otherwise, it stays down and she is rewarded with a migraine headache.

WikiProject Food and drink Tagging
This article talk page was automatically added with WikiProject Food and drink banner as it falls under Category:Food or one of its subcategories. If you find this addition an error, Kindly undo the changes and update the inappropriate categories if needed. The bot was instructed to tagg these articles upon consenus from WikiProject Food and drink. You can find the related request for tagging here. Maximum and carefull attention was done to avoid any wrongly tagging any categories, but mistakes may happen... If you have concerns, please inform on the project talk page -- TinucherianBot (talk) 17:36, 3 July 2008 (UTC)

Why is the sign generated by the template of Expand-section necessary for the ...food additives....???
See the following....
 * http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&q=allintitle%3A+compendial+substances&btnG=Search&as_sdt=2000&as_ylo=&as_vis=0

 * http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&q=allintitle%3A+compendial+drug&btnG=Search&as_sdt=2000&as_ylo=&as_vis=0

--222.67.212.209 (talk) 05:51, 11 February 2010 (UTC)
 * http://scholar.google.com/scholar?num=10&hl=en&q=allintitle%3A%20compendial%20food%20additive&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=ws

The Chinese translations of the chemical....are based on the following......
--222.64.215.115 (talk) 08:40, 6 April 2010 (UTC)
 * http://www.zsda.gov.cn/uploads/soft/100107/4-10010G61912.pdf
 * http://www.google.com.hk/search?hl=en&safe=strict&q=5-%E9%B8%9F%E8%8B%B7%E9%85%B8%E4%BA%8C%E9%92%A0+Disodium+5%E2%80%B2-Guanylate+gov.cn&btnG=Search&meta=&aq=f&aqi=&aql=&oq=&gs_rfai=

Compendial status.....
--222.64.215.115 (talk) 08:44, 6 April 2010 (UTC)
 * http://scholar.google.com.hk/scholar?q=5-%E9%B8%9F%E8%8B%B7%E9%85%B8%E4%BA%8C%E9%92%A0+GB+10796-1989&hl=zh-CN&btnG=%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2&lr=
 * http://www.zsda.gov.cn/uploads/soft/100107/4-10010G61912.pdf

Nutritional Information
I removed this entire section as it was based on a website in the Netherlands which did not substantiate any of the many dubious claims. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Jaxelrod (talk • contribs) 17:29, 20 December 2020 (UTC)

My original attempt to revert vandalism on this page whilst on a mobile device inadvertently brought that back. I apologise for that mistake. KaiserDog21 (talk) 15:16, 29 January 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Disodium guanylate


text:
Hale Barns

Hale Barns is a village near Altrincham in Greater Manchester, England, 7 mi south-west of Manchester city centre, 2 miles west of Manchester Airport and close to the River Bollin. At the 2011 census, the village had a population of 9,736.

Medieval Hale Barns was an outlying area of the township of Hale, but a growth in prosperity led to it becoming a separate settlement. The village gets its name from the tithe barn that used to stand there. Before the industrial revolution, Hale Barns was an agricultural village, but since then evolved into a commuter settlement. St Ambrose College Roman Catholic boys' grammar school is in Hale Barns and the village is also home to Ringway golf club. Cotteril Clough in Hale Barns is an ancient and diverse woodland and a Site of Special Scientific Interest. Hale Barns, along with neighbouring Hale and Bowdon, is one of the wealthiest areas in the United Kingdom outside London.

History
What were thought to be fragments of Roman pottery tiles were found in Hale Barns in the 1880s near the site of what is now St Ambrose College. The artefacts were lost before their antiquity could be confirmed, but led local historian W. Thompson Wakin to suggest there was probably a Roman villa in the area.

The first reference to Hale is contained within the Domesday Book, at the time 'Hale Barns' was just an outlying hamlet contained within the manor of Hale. According to the Domesday Book, the manor of Hale was owned by a Saxon thegn Aelfward, who was replaced by the Norman, Hamon de Massey who also gained possession of Dunham and Bowdon and would remain barons of the area until the 14th century. The manor was considered prosperous in comparison to other manors in the north west of England.

The settlements of Hale and Hale Barns are closely linked; what would later become Hale Barns spent most of the medieval period as an extension of the more dominant Hale. During this era the land around Hale and Hale Barns was used agriculturally because although the soil is poor draining, it is fertile. By the middle of the 15th century Hale Barns had established an identity completely separate from neighbouring Hale as demonstrated by the tithe barn which was established around this time. The tithe barn was for storing the tithes – a tenth of the farm's produce which was to be given to the church. Such an establishment can be seen as a sign of the area's prosperity. The original barn no longer survives but there is a drawing of it (from 1844). It is the source of the village's name. The first explicit reference to the village of Hale Barns – rather than Hale – is in a document from 1616.

In the 17th century, The Civil War affected all of England; many families were split over Royalist or Parliamentarian loyalties. Little is recorded, however, of the divisions within Hale Barns, and Hale and Hale Barns did emerge from the Civil War largely untouched by events – though there was a heavy tax to pay to support the Parliamentarian army they avoided much of the requisitioning of supplies and animals for passing armies. None of the Royalists in Hale and Hale Barns had their lands confiscated or was forced to pay fines.

Having long been agricultural land, in the 18th century the town was divided up into five farms: Tanyard, Partington, Oakfield, Broadoak, and Elm. Hale Chapel was established in Hale Barns by Nonconformists in 1723 on what is now Chapel Lane. It underwent alterations around 1880. The chapel is the earliest place of worship in either Hale or Hale Barns and is a Grade II* listed building, one of only nine in Trafford. It also houses an eighteenth-century pulpit and nineteenth-century stained glass. In 1740, a school was founded by the Unitarian minister of Hale – a time when education was a rare commodity – and can be seen on a map of 1800 along with a tithe barn, two inns, five farms, four cottages, the school house and school rooms.

In the late 19th century a building called "Manor House" was built on the site of the old Tanyard Farm, for the purpose of the owner's retirement. In 2006 a timber-framed barn built around 1701 – originally belonging to the Tanyard Farm and later converted to stables for Manor House – was demolished because, in the opinion of the Local Authority, it was now “a dangerous building”. It was taken down, step-by-step, with Local Authority figures and others present who recorded and photographed the demolition. The local M. P., Graham Brady, was kept informed at all stages. The Grade II listed building – known as "Manor House Stables" – was the last timber-framed building in Hale Barns.

During the 20th century, urbanisation affected Hale Barns, turning the place from an agricultural village into the commuter settlement it is today, focused around The Square – a shopping precinct. Its main A538 road – Hale Road – runs through the centre of Hale Barns and leads towards Manchester Airport and Wilmslow.

Toponymy
The name Hale, which occurs throughout Britain, derives from the Anglo-Saxon halh meaning a nook or shelter, as supported by the surrounding area which has natural features that would provide shelter. "Barns" comes from the Old Tithe Barn.

Governance
Hale Barns is part of Trafford Metropolitan Borough of Greater Manchester. Up until local government reforms in 1974, Hale Barns formed part of the administrative county of Cheshire. The Hale Barns and Timperley South ward has three out of sixty-three seats on Trafford Council, and at the 2023 Trafford Metropolitan Borough Council election all three seats were held by the Conservatives with Michael Taylor, Nathan Evans and Dylan Butt being elected. Since 1997, Hale Barns has formed part of the Altrincham and Sale West Constituency, before that it was encompassed by the Altrincham and Sale constituency. Since the formation of the Altrincham and Sale West constituency in 1997 it had been represented in the House of Commons by the Conservative MP, Sir Graham Brady.

Geography
Hale Barns is located at 53.3676°N, -2.318°W (53.3676, −2.318), 12 mi to the south of Manchester city centre. It is just east of Hale and south east of Altrincham. The town is bounded by the River Bollin to the south, the M56 to the east and the residential areas of Altrincham to the west and Newall Green to the north. The ward profile produced by Trafford MBC describes its location and economic nature as follows.

"Hale Barns lies at the southern tip of the Borough (of Trafford) ... The Ward contains a large amount of agricultural land including two private golf courses. There is also a number of private sports clubs within the Ward providing facilities for tennis, bowling and football. It is generally considered to be an affluent Ward in the top 10% wealthiest areas in England."
 * — Trafford MBC 2006

The climate of Hale Barns – and Greater Manchester as a whole – is generally temperate, with few extremes of temperature or weather. The mean temperature is slightly above average for the United Kingdom; whereas annual rainfall and average amount of sunshine is slightly below the average for the UK.

Demography
At the 2001 UK census, the village of Hale Barns had a total population of 9,143 and 3732 households. Of those households, 44% were married couples living together, 5% were co-habiting couples and 6% were lone parents. The town had a high percentage of households made up of married couples (44%) compared to the figure for the rest of Trafford (37%) and England (also 37%). The average household size was 2.45. For every 100 females, there were 93.9 males.

The ethnicity of the Hale Barns is 91.9% white, 1.1% mixed race, 0.4% black, 5.4% non-Chinese Asian, and 1.2% Chinese. The age distribution was 6% aged 0–4 years, 15% aged 5–15 years, 4% aged 16–19 years, 27% aged 20–44 years, 27% aged 45–64 years and 22% aged 65 years and over. The town had a high percentage of residents over 65, compared with the national average of 16%.

The Trafford MBC Ward Profile for the Hale Barns ward describes it as being "Diverse in nature and home to a large Jewish and Muslim community groups."
 * – Trafford MBC 2006

Religion
According to the 2001 census, the religious make up of Hale Barns is 70.4% Christian, 7.9% Jewish, 4.1% Muslim, 1.5% Hindu, 0.3% Buddhist and 0.1% Sikh. 9.5% were recorded as having no religion, 0.1% had an alternative religion and 6.2% did not state their religion. Hale Barns is in the Anglican Diocese of Chester. and the Roman Catholic Diocese of Shrewsbury.

Places of worship include All Saints' Church (Church of England) built in 1967 and the large Roman Catholic Church of the Holy Angels' Church, situated in Wicker Lane at the junction with Hale Road at the western end of the village centre and linked to St Ambrose College.

Hale and District Synagogue serves Ashkenazi Jews across Hale and Hale Barns and is situated on Shay Lane in Hale Barns. It was rebuilt on its previous site in 2003; the modern structure has a synagogue, nursery, function suite and dedicated study room Beit HaMidrash. It is also the site of the South Manchester Mikveh with a utensil mikveh that is adjuncted to the main mikveh building.

There is also a newly built synagogue for the Sephardic community called Sha'are Rachamim. South Manchester has been home to Sephardic Jews and a Western Sephardic community since the early twentieth century. This new building is for a community established in Didsbury in 1904, before moving synagogue to Withington in 1927. At that time the area also saw the establishment of an Eastern Sephardic community, Shaare Zedek. The two communities merged under the name Shaare Hayim at the end of the century, and alternate between and combine the various Sephardic traditions and melodies, now housed together in the new purpose built facility.

Education
Because of its small size, Hale Barns has few schools. Amongst them are St Ambrose College which provides education for 11- to 18-year-olds and Elmridge Primary.

 * Primary schools

Elmridge Primary School is a co-educational day school. It had 240 pupils in the 2011/12 school year.

 * Secondary schools

St. Ambrose College is a Roman Catholic Boys’ Secondary School situated adjacent to Holy Angels’ Church and Hale Road, near the centre of Hale Barns village. The Christian Brothers came to England from Guernsey during the Second World War and remained to establish the college in 1945. The college celebrated its 60th anniversary in 2006. The school is a specialist Maths and Computing College.

In 2005 around 800 pupils attended the school. The College was awarded funding in the summer of 2006 for rebuilding on the current site as part of the Building Schools for the Future Programme. In 2006, 98.3% of pupils achieved at least 5 A*-C grades at GCSE compared to an average of 66.7% for all secondary schools in Trafford and a national UK average of 61.3%; 97.5% of its pupils gained at least 5 A*-C grades at GCSE including English and maths, ranking the school 4th out of Trafford's 19 secondary schools.

Economy
According to Trafford MBC, Hale Barns is in the top 10% wealthiest areas in England. At the 2001 UK census, the Hale Barns ward had a possible workforce of approximately 6,449 people. The economic activity of residents in the Hale Barns electoral ward was 36% in full-time employment, 12% in part-time employment, 28% self-employed, 1.5% unemployed, 1.7% students with jobs, 4.7% students without jobs, 18.7% retired, 7.3% looking after home or family, 2.6% permanently sick or disabled and 2.2% economically inactive for other reasons. Hale Barns has a very high rate of self-employment (28%) compared with rest of Trafford (16%) and England (17%). Hale Barns also has low rates of unemployment (1.5%) compared with Trafford (2.7%) and England (3.3%). The Office for National Statistics estimated that during the period of April 2001 to March 2002 the average gross weekly income of households in Hale Barns was £660 (£34,320 per year).

According to the 2001 UK census, the industry of employment of residents in Hale Barns was 22.9% property and business services, 15.7% retail and wholesale, 12.1% health and social work, 11.0% manufacturing, 9.4% education, 6.8% transport and communications, 4.7% finance, 4.5% construction, 3.9% hotels and restaurants, 3.2% public administration and defence, 0.6% energy and water supply, 0.5% agriculture, and 4.6% other. This was roughly in line with national figures, except for the town's relatively high percentage of workers in property and business services.

A shopping centre was built in Hale Barns in the 1960s called "The Square Shopping Centre". The site was being considered for redevelopment and proposals were subjected to consultation in 2005. In 2007 the Council and Developer participated in a Planning Inquiry after the council refused planning permission for the proposed redevelopment. However, in 2013, the council agreed, and the new shopping Centre, containing a Booths and a Costa Coffee, is now open.

Leisure and recreation
There are a number of private sports clubs within the Hale Barns providing facilities for tennis, bowling and football. This includes the home of Hale Barns Cricket Club.

 * Halecroft Park

Halecroft Park is near the centre of Hale Barns and was crowned North West region winner in the prestigious 'Britain's Best Park' competition. Designed by Edgar Wood, the ornamental gardens of Halecroft Park were created in 1891 as part of Halecroft House. The park was winner of the Green Flag Award 3 years running (2003–2006) for setting a standard for parks and green spaces in England and Wales.

 * The Tennis Club Hale Barns

Private members tennis club with 5 astroturf courts, one floodlit, established in 1924 at The Pavilion, Chapel Lane.

 * Ringway Golf Club

Covering 18 holes and 6,482 yards, Ringway Golf Club was designed by Harry Colt in 1909 and further developed by James Braid.

 * Ringway & Hale Barns WI

Founded in 1957, Ringway & Hale Barns WI has around 25 members. Meetings are normally held on the fourth Thursday of the month at the All Saints Church Hall, Hale Road, WA15 8SP, starting at 7.30 pm.

 * Cotteril Clough

Cotteril Clough is a Site of Special Scientific Interest situated close to the River Bollin. It has been designated due to its ancient woodland which is among the most diverse in Greater Manchester. It is managed by the Cheshire Wildlife Trust.

title: Hale Barns


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Talk:Hunt for the Decimator

For a June 2005 deletion debate over this page see Votes for deletion/Hunt for the Decimator

title: Talk:Hunt for the Decimator


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Talk:Media circus

External links modified
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Earliest use of term
Here's the earliest I could find, from 1972: https://www.newspapers.com/image/81347237/?terms=%22media%20circus%22&match=1. Sincerely, BeenAroundAWhile (talk) 05:25, 15 April 2021 (UTC)

Bloat
The examples section is much, much longer than the article itself. Maybe spin off to List of events described as media circuses or just trim back hard? How many examples do we really need in this article? Valereee (talk) 13:29, 24 February 2023 (UTC)

 * Either leave as is or create a list. I don't think trimming it is a good idea. Greglocock (talk) 03:02, 25 February 2023 (UTC)
 * I think leaving as is won't work. There's really no reason to have 100+ examples. For a reader to understand the concept, the two or three best examples would do. A single instance of something being called a media circus probably shouldn't be enough for inclusion. It probably should be limited to events where people are actually discussing the fact it's a media circus, not simply calling it one. So that would mean List of media circuses I guess, rather than list of events described as? Valereee (talk) 10:04, 25 February 2023 (UTC)

 * a list or cat would be good, and I very much like this suggestion for events mentioned on this page "It probably should be limited to events where people are actually discussing the fact it's a media circus" - that's a good and usable criterion. Greglocock (talk) 03:55, 26 February 2023 (UTC)
 * I think categories have to be for an immutable characteristic of the subject? I've no expertise with categories, I just accept whatever the experts tell me. :D
 * I'm thinking for now, maybe we go through and remove any entries that are cited to sources that just call it a media circus without discussing it in any depth? Maybe start with the US, since that's the one with the most bloat? Valereee (talk) 16:05, 26 February 2023 (UTC)

Philippines
I have removed several items from the Philippines because there are no presentable criteria for them to be considered media circuses or spectacles nor do some of the sources cited acknowledge them as such. However, 49.145.14.39 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/49.145.14.39 has been recklessly piling them back without providing a decent edit summary as to why or providing any argument or info that could justify them being called a media circus, raising suspicions of WP:OR. Borgenland (talk) 05:02, 3 September 2023 (UTC)

 * Related to your message as i agree with it, i had observed some problematic matters on the entries made by an IP/non-WP editor. To enumerate some, if i couldn't mention all:
 * WP:RECENTISM – seems like repository of recent events, especially those developing stories covered by media from time-to-time; as if the editor assumes that's MC as it's widely reported NOW. (Uncertain if the coverage either ends thereafter or lasts for months.)
 * Controversies in entertainment and sports, in particular, those occurred in events (i.e. coronation in pageants and brawl in a sporting event) as well as family conflicts & parties. These are short term unlike that of 1994 Manila Film Festival scandal. (I doubt, that editor had been or would add reports on mere allegations even if these aren't proven and don't last for long; in contrast with WP:NOTGOSSIP.)
 * For a tourism campaign and a new logo of a government agency, such things are just happening; receiving mixed comments and criticisms is normal.
 * I also doubt why a disaster i.e. an oil spill was included in the list while the effects and the aftermath are normally being reported.
 * And the recent death of a media personality as additional entry? (Really?) I thought that's also normal for a media network.
 * In general, i may conclude that this editor doesn't fully understand the article, as insists "updates" and "additions" without any solid reason why these should be in the list.
 * Meanwhile, i recently added some of the entries there (those might be known at least) with definition of MC as the basis, including elements of sensationalism. I have to consider if these are suitable for the list. (Anyone is free to accept or reject any edit/s.) In addition, i would like to share this piece from the Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility, stating that as per Ethics Manual, hostage-taking situation, massacres, fatal bombings, and the like are "inherently sensational, but need to be reported;" hence i assume that while all MCs are sensational, not all sensational are MCs.
 * I hope such things are to be addressed. We can give good examples, but WP:NOTNEWS & WP:NOTDB.—Raider000 (talk) 15:41, 3 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Thanks for your insights! Hopefully that editor responds before more drastic action is taken, considering that they are taking me close to a 3RR Borgenland (talk) 15:48, 3 September 2023 (UTC)
 * The criteria are straightforward. Firstly the event itself must be notable. Secondly a reliable source must mention that there is a media circus around it. Ideally, you would also have a source discussing the event and media circuses. The first 2 are non negotiable. Greglocock (talk) 07:42, 5 September 2023 (UTC)
 * The problem we have with 49.145.14.39 is that their sources provide no hint of it being a circus. Some of their entries don't even have a standalone entry. What it worse is that they refuse to participate in discussions regarding the topic even though I had called them directly on their talk page and warned of sanctions. Borgenland (talk) 08:00, 5 September 2023 (UTC)
 * @Borgenland Maybe we're dealing with a prolific Filipino LTA who likes to bloat timeline articles with non-notable events. IP geolocates to somewhere in PH. TagaSanPedroAko (talk) 07:13, 8 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Ran through a background of the case. One related IP range is quite similar. Borgenland (talk) 07:33, 8 September 2023 (UTC)
 * I have just raised the matter in the ANI board. Borgenland (talk) 11:08, 8 September 2023 (UTC)

Balloon boy?
is it possible to add the Balloon boy hoax? I remember this was not only a media circus in the USA but a the whole world, at least in my country a few news broadcasters were relaying the live transmisions from the USA about the incident. I thought it would fit the criteria Osw719 (talk) 21:57, 12 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Media circus


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User:ZeWrestler/Image Gallery

This is a list of images that I have added to Wikipedia and Wikicommons.

Fair-Use Images
Image:Adobe Photoshop Album screenshot.jpg | Image:Captaintitle.jpg |  Image:FFVI characters on airship.png |  Image:HollandTunnel NYNJboarder.JPG |  Image:LOZAnimatedTitleScreen.jpg |  Image:Megamanbattlenetwork boxshot.jpg | Image:Megaman battlenetwork boxshot.jpg |  Image:RPWlogo.jpg | Image:Scryed Kazuma.jpg | Image:Scryed vol6 dvd cover.jpg | Image:Vision_quest.jpg | Image:Wheres george.png | Image:Zelda II The Adventure of Link box.jpg

title: User:ZeWrestler/Image Gallery


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Nicolas Kummert

Nicolas Kummert (born March 12, 1979) is a Belgian jazz singer and tenor saxophonist.

Biography
In 2001 Kummert graduated at the Brussels conservatory with teachers Jeroen Van Herzeele and John Ruocco. He was also taught by Fabrizio Cassol. Kummert already won several prizes, e.g. the Golden Django for best young talent in 2003.

He has played and recorded with musicians like the Alexi Tuomarila quartet, the group of Karl Jannuska, Jef Neve's 'Groove Thing', Yves Peeters, Qu4tre and Pierre Van Dormael. He also worked with African singers like Manu Dibango and DJ's. In 2010 he released the first album with his group 'Nicolas Kummert Voices', together with Herve Samb and Nicolas Thys. They sing more poetic lyrics and recite in a setting of jazz improvisation and African grooves, funk and dubs. Among the songs are some covers, for example, of "Close to You" (the Carpenters) and "Monk's Dream" (Thelonious Monk).

Bands

 * Alchimie
 * Alex Tuomarila Quartet
 * Namur Sax Quartet

Solo albums

 * 2017: La diversité (Edition Records)

 * With 'Nicolas Kummert Voices'
 * 2010: One (Prova Records)
 * 2014: Liberté (Prova Records)

Collaborations

 * With 'Alexi Tuomarila Quartet'
 * 2001: Voices Of Pohjola (Igloo)
 * 2003: 02 (Finlandia Records, Warner Jazz)
 * 2008: Runo X (Edita Cambayá)

 * With Alchimie
 * 2001: Alchimie (Igloo)

 * With 'Jef Neve Trio'
 * 2003: Nobody Is Illegal (Universal Music Belgium)

 * With 'Yves Peeters Group'
 * 2010: Sound Tracks (W.E.R.F.)
 * 2013: All You See (W.E.R.F.)

 * With 'Matthieu Marthouret Organ Quartet'
 * 2012: Upbeats (Double Moon Records)

 * With 'Matthieu Marthouret Organ Quartet'
 * 2012: Upbeats (Double Moon Records)

 * With Viktor Lazlo
 * 2012: My Name Is Billie Holiday (amc)

 * With 'Gyle Waddy
 * 2012: Since I Fell For Youææ (The Eclectic Album, Vol. II) (Elyts Records)
 * With Drifter
 * 2015: Flow (Edition Records)

title: Nicolas Kummert


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Talk:Bibliography of justification (theology)

Opening heading
Why not use Roman? That is what the RCC is --- the *Roman* Catholic Church. If we were going to be specific about it, Lutherans would call themselves the *Evangelical* Catholic Church. --Rekleov 15:26, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This was discussed on the main article's discussion page. The term "Roman Catholic Church," though now used by some Catholics, was a term coined by non-Catholics for the purposes of belittling the Catholic Church and insulting Catholics. Many Catholics find the term very offensive. If a person has enough respect to call other churches and communities by the names they call themselves, rather than names coined by others to belittle them, he will not use the term "Roman." Johnaugus

 * I have no problem in calling someone what they would like to be called except when it is inaccurate. To use the shorthand "Catholic" is to give up points in any discussion to the Bishop of Rome (i.e., how can you argue with us?  We're the *Catholic* church by your own admission).  Also, I have never heard it used as a term of derision, but rather one used to distringuish it from other churches which do identify themselves as *catholic*.  Nothing more and nothing less.  Rekleov 17:01, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Believing a name to be "inaccurate" is no justification for calling a group or person by a name created by others to belittle them, especially one the group or person considers offensive. I do not personally believe that the actual Church founded by Christ subsists in the Christian community that calls itself "Church of Christ," but I do not therefore call them "the sectarian Church of Christ" or "the so-called Church of Christ." I call them by the name they call themselves. I do not personally believe that the Orthodox Church is the Christian only church or community that teaches orthodox doctrine, but I still call them by the name they call themselves. It's common decency. That you were personally unaware that the term "Roman Catholic" was coined as a term of derision is neither here nor there. Johnaugus

 * Fine. I will cease placing "Roman" where it belongs in Wiki pages.  However, I would like to know how you might address someone who demanded to be called "Tommy, the Great and Powerful Lord of North America and Environs" (not that this disagreement over terminology is anything nearly the same).  Something tells me that you might not give in to such a demand.  I still cannot believe that adding the "Roman" to the name is derisive in this day and age; it is purely descriptive of the Church body which has chosen to give precedence to the Bishop of Rome over all others.  Nothing more and nothing less.  But, to keep this nonsense from continuing, I will do as I have said above.  --Rekleov 17:29, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Interesting. Lutheran was coined as a term of derision, yet they seem to be getting along quite well with it, having adopted it as a badge of honor. A word is not tainted by its origins; a word is tainted by its use.  The use of "Roman..." as a modifier in this day and age rather than a couple of hundred years in the past is certainly not derisive, as those who use it in our time --- including an overwhelming number of those who use that name to describe themselves --- do not mean it, and certainly do not use it, as a term of derision.  To dredge up past name-calling using a particular term when that term is no longer used for such name-calling is to dig up a dead horse for more mistreatment.  -Rekleov 02:37, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * There are innumerable Catholics today who are just as offended by it as ever, and derisive use of the term is certainly not all in the past. But I'm not here to argue. As often as anyone inserts the word, I will remove it. Johnaugus

 * Good luck on your crusade! There are many pages out there to keep you busy.  As I said above, however, I won't add to your load.  --Rekleov 14:33, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Reformed/Calvinist
It might be useful to have something more recent from the Reformed context, perhaps taking account of the Justification controversy at Westminster Theological Seminary and subsequently in the Orthodox Presbyterian Church and the Reformed Church in the U. S.

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: page moved. Vegaswikian (talk) 20:28, 19 November 2011 (UTC)

Justification bibliography (theology) → Bibliography of Justification (theology) – This is a topical bibliography (works about Justification (theology)). As such the name change is to bring consistency to topical bibliography titles per advice in WikiProject Bibliographies and per WP:PRINCIPALNAMINGCRITERIA policy of which Consistency is one. Mike Cline (talk) 17:29, 12 November 2011 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.