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Ang Kiukok

Ang Kiukok (March 1, 1931 – May 9, 2005) was a Filipino painter of Chinese descent and was a National Artist for Visual Arts.

Early life and training
Ang was born on March 1, 1931, in Davao, Davao Province, Philippines to Vicente Ang and Chin Lim who were immigrants from Xiamen, China. Ang was the only son in his family and he had four sisters. He was originally intended to be named Ang Hua Shing ("Hua Shing" literally means "Chinese-born") but did not push through with the plan upon learning that his cousin was given the name by his uncle.

Ang was taught by a commercial artist at a young age on how to make charcoal portrait. His influence at the time was the artworks of Qi Baishi. After World War II, the family moved to Cotabato and Ang made movie billboards.

Education
Ang attended a Chinese high school where he learned Chinese calligraphy. He moved to Manila and attended the University of Santo Tomas where one of his mentors was Vicente Manansala. He studied in the university from 1952 to 1954. He was forced to stop his studies due to financial constraints.

Career
Ang's first formal recognition in his career as an artist was when his work Calesa garnered third place at the Shell National Students Art Competition in 1953. In 1954, he launched his first one-man show at the Contemporary Arts Gallery after he was urged by his mentor Manansala. Within a few years his works such as garnered him more recognition such as Still Life (1951, Honorable mention), The Bird (1959, First Prize), Still Life in Red (1963, Third Prize), Fish (1963, Second Prize) and Geometric Still-Life Fish (1963, Second Prize). All of these recognition was from the Art Association of the Philippines.

He first attained prominence in the Philippine arts scene in the 1960s with a distinct style that fused influences from cubism, surrealism and expressionism. Some classified his style as "figurative expressionism". What could not be doubted was the violence in his imagery, a factor that slighted the commercial viability of his works until the 1980s. He favored such subjects as fighting cocks, rabid dogs, and people enraptured by rage or bound in chains. As someone who has a Catholic background, he painted multiple depictions of the crucified Christ that did not shirk from portraying the agonies normally associated with the crucifixion. When asked why he was so angry, he replied, "Why not? Open your eyes. Look around you. So much anger, sorrow, ugliness. And also madness." The intensity of his works stood in contrast to his own personality, described as "placid and affable". It did not escape attention that many of Ang's most violent or gruesome imagery was painted during the martial law rule of Ferdinand Marcos, though he did not build a reputation for himself as a prominent critic of the Marcos regime.

Ang was conferred the honor of being a National Artist for Visual Arts in 2001, by virtue of Presidential Proclamation No. 32, s. 2001, which was signed on April 20, 2001. The ceremonial conferment of the honor to Ang and three other artists - F. Sionil Jose (literature), Ishmael Bernal (film) and Severino Montano (theater arts) - was held on June 11, 2001.

Legacy and death
In the end, Ang emerged not only as a critical favorite, but a commercially popular artist as well. Upon his death from cancer on May 9, 2005, it was reported that he and fellow National Artist Fernando Amorsolo were the most widely bidded after Filipino painters in auctions. Ang's 1979 mural “Men at Work” is declared in 2021 as an Important Cultural Property by the National Commission for Culture and the Arts. It is currently displayed in the National Museum of the Philippines. This white and black semiabstract mural depicts muscular humans engaging in physical work, representing the strength of the labor force.

General

 * Zulueta, Lito B. Visionary National Artist Ang Kiukok Dies; 74, The Philippine Daily Inquirer, May 11, 2005, retrieved on January 1, 2007, and FilipinioLibrarian.Blogspot.com, retrieved on, July 6, 2007
 * Endaya, Imelda Cajipe (artist and independent curator) and Cecilia B. Rebong (Philippine Consul-General). "Pamana: Modernong Sining" (A Heritage of Modern Art), An Art Exhibit from the Collection of the Philippine Center in New York, Printed Catalogue, The Consulate General of the Philippines, Philippine Center Management Board, and PCGNY.net, June 11, 2007, 12 pages.
 * Endaya, Imelda Cajipe (artist and independent curator) and Cecilia B. Rebong (Philippine Consul-General). "Pamana: Modernong Sining" (A Heritage of Modern Art), An Art Exhibit from the Collection of the Philippine Center in New York, Printed Catalogue, The Consulate General of the Philippines, Philippine Center Management Board, and PCGNY.net, June 11, 2007, 12 pages.

title: Ang Kiukok


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Nationalist historiography

Historiography is the study of how history is written. One pervasive influence upon the writing of history has been nationalism, a set of beliefs about political legitimacy and cultural identity. Nationalism has provided a significant framework for historical writing in Europe and in those former colonies influenced by Europe since the nineteenth century. Typically official school textbooks are based on the nationalist model and focus on the emergence, trials and successes of the forces of nationalism.

Origins
The eighteenth and nineteenth century saw the emergence of nationalist ideologies. John Breuilly notes how the "historical grounding of nationalism was reinforced by its close ties with the emergence of professional academic historical writing". During the French Revolution a national identity was crafted, identifying the common people with the Gauls. In Germany historians and humanists, such as Johann Gottfried Herder and Johann Gottlieb Fichte, identified a linguistic and cultural identity of the German nation, which became the basis of a political movement to unite the fragmented states of this German nation.

A significant historiographical outcome of this movement of German nationalism was the formation of a "Society for Older German Historical Knowledge", which sponsored the editing of a massive collection of documents of German history, the Monumenta Germaniae Historica. The sponsors of the MGH, as it is commonly known, defined German history very broadly; they edited documents concerning all territories where German-speaking people had once lived or ruled. Thus, documents from Italy to France to the Baltic were grist for the mill of the MGH editors.

This model of scholarship focusing on detailed historical and linguistic investigations of the origins of a nation, set by the founders of the MGH, was imitated throughout Europe. In this framework, historical phenomena were interpreted as they related to the development of the nation-state; the state was projected into the past. National histories are thus expanded to cover everything that has ever happened within the largest extent of the expansion of a nation, turning Mousterian hunter-gatherers into incipient Frenchmen. Conversely, historical developments spanning many current countries may be ignored, or analysed from narrow parochial viewpoints.

The efforts of these nineteenth- century historians provided the intellectual foundations for both justifying the creation of new nation states and the expansion of already existing ones. As Georg Iggers notes, these historians were often highly partisan and "went into the archives to find evidence that would support their nationalistic and class preconceptions and thus give them the aura of scientific authority". Paul Lawrence concurs, noting how - even with nationalisms still without states - historians "often sought to provide a historical basis for the claims to nationhood and political independence of states that did not yet exist".

Time depth and ethnicity
The difficulty faced by any national history is the changeable nature of ethnicity. That one nation may turn into another nation over time, both by splitting (colonization) and by merging (syncretism, acculturation) is implicitly acknowledged by ancient writers; Herodotus describes the Armenians as "colonists of the Phrygians", implying that at the time of writing clearly separate groups originated as a single group. Similarly, Herodotus refers to a time when the "Athenians were just beginning to be counted as Hellenes", implying that a formerly Pelasgian group over time acquired "Greekness". The Alamanni are described by Asinius Quadratus as originally a conglomerate of various tribes which acquired a common identity over time. All these processes are summarized under the term ethnogenesis.

In ancient times, ethnicities often derived their or their rulers' origin from divine or semi-divine founders of a mythical past (for example, the Anglo-Saxons deriving their dynasties from Woden; see also Euhemerism). In modern times, such mythical aetiologies in nationalist constructions of history were replaced by the frequent attempt to link one's own ethnic group to a source as ancient as possible, often known not from tradition but only from archaeology or philology, such as Armenians claiming as their origin the Urartians, the Albanians claiming as their origin the Illyrians, the Georgians claiming as their origin the Mushki—all of the mentioned groups being known only from either ancient historiographers or archaeology.

Nationalism and ancient history
Nationalist ideologies frequently employ results of archaeology and ancient history as propaganda, often significantly distorting them to fit their aims, cultivating national mythologies and national mysticism. Frequently this involves the uncritical identification of one's own ethnic group with some ancient or even prehistoric (known only archaeologically) group, whether mainstream scholarship accepts as plausible or reject as pseudoarchaeology the historical derivation of the contemporary group from the ancient one. The decisive point, often assumed implicitly, that it is possible to derive nationalist or ethnic pride from a population that lived millennia ago and, being known only archaeologically or epigraphically, is not remembered in living tradition.

Examples include Kurds claiming identity with the Medes, Albanians claiming as their origin the Illyrians, Bulgarians claiming identity with the Thracians, Iraqi propaganda invoking Sumer or Babylonia, Georgians claiming as their origin the Mushki, —all of the mentioned groups being known only from either ancient historiographers or archaeology. In extreme cases, nationalists will ignore the process of ethnogenesis altogether and claim ethnic identity of their own group with some scarcely attested ancient ethnicity known to scholarship by the chances of textual transmission or archaeological excavation.

Historically, various hypotheses regarding the Urheimat of the Proto-Indo-Europeans has been a popular object of patriotic pride, quite regardless of their respective scholarly values:
 * Albanian nationalism: The descent from the Illyrians and Pelasgians
 * Romanian nationalism: Dacianism or Dacomania
 * Greek nationalism: The supposedly Greek origins of the ancient Thracians, Illyrians and of the Minoan civilization.
 * Northern European origins of an Aryan race (Germanic mysticism, Nazi mysticism, Ahnenerbe)
 * Lithuanian Sarmatism: The Lithuanian origins of the Goths, Sarmatians and other Eastern European peoples.
 * Pan-Turkism and Neo-Eurasianism postulate mythical origins of humanity or culture in Central Asia, (Sun Language Theory, Arkaim)
 * Slavic nationalisms: Polish Sarmatism, Macedonism, Illyrian movement, Thracomania, etc.
 * Armenian nationalism: Armenia, Subartu and Sumer
 * Antiquization: claims continuity between ancient Macedonia and modern North Macedonia
 * Indian Indigenous Aryanism: believes that the Indo-European peoples originated in South Asia instead of Eastern Europe

Study
Nationalism was so much taken for granted as the "proper" way to organize states and view history that nationalization of history was essentially invisible to historians until fairly recently. Then scholars such as Ernest Gellner, Benedict Anderson, and Anthony D. Smith made attempts to step back from nationalism and view it critically. Historians began to ask themselves how this ideology had affected the writing of history.

Smith, for instance, develops the concept of 'historicism' to describe an emerging belief in the birth, growth, and decay of specific peoples and cultures, which - in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries - became "increasingly attractive as a framework for inquiry into the past and present and [...] an explanatory principle in elucidating the meaning of events, past and present".

Speaking to an audience of anthropologists, the historian E. J. Hobsbawm pointed out the central role of the historical profession in the development of nationalism: "Historians are to nationalism what poppy-growers in Pakistan are to the heroin-addicts: we supply the essential raw material for the market. Nations without a past are contradictions in terms. What makes a nation is the past, what justifies one nation against others is the past, and historians are the people who produce it. So my profession, which has always been mixed up in politics, becomes an essential component of nationalism."

Martin Bernal's much debated book Black Athena (1987) argues that the historiography on ancient Greece has been in part influenced by nationalism and ethnocentrism. He also claimed that influences by non-Greek or non-Indo-European cultures on Ancient Greek were marginalized.

According to the medieval historian Patrick J. Geary:"[The] modern [study of] history was born in the nineteenth century, conceived and developed as an instrument of European nationalism. As a tool of nationalist ideology, the history of Europe's nations was a great success, but it has turned our understanding of the past into a toxic waste dump, filled with the poison of ethnic nationalism, and the poison has seeped deep into popular consciousness."

By country
Nationalist historiographies have emerged in a number of countries and some have been subject to in-depth scholarly analysis.

Cuba
In 2007, Kate Quinn presented an analysis of the Cuban nationalist historiography.

Indonesia
In 2003, Rommel Curaming analyzed the Indonesian nationalistic historiography.

South Korea
Nationalist historiography in South Korea has been the subject of 2001 study by Kenneth M. Wells.

Thailand
In 2003, Patrick Jory analyzed the Thai nationalistic historiography.

Zimbabwe
In 2004, Terence Ranger noted that "Over the past two or three years there has emerged in Zimbabwe a sustained attempt by the Mugabe regime to propagate what is called ‘patriotic history’."

Nationalism in general

 * Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism, 2nd. ed. London: Verso, 1991. ISBN 0-86091-546-8
 * Bond, George C. and Angela Gilliam (eds.) Social Construction of the Past: Representation as Power. London: Routledge, 1994. ISBN 0-415-15224-0
 * Díaz-Andreu, Margarita. A World History of Nineteenth-Century Archaeology. Nationalism, Colonialism and the Past. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2007. ISBN 978-0-19-921717-5
 * Díaz-Andreu, Margarita and Champion, Tim (eds.) Nationalism and Archaeology in Europe. London: UCL Press; Boulder, Co.: Westview Press, 1996. ISBN 1-85728-289-2 (UCL Press); ISBN 0-8133-3051-3 (hb) & 978-0813330518 (pb) (Westview)
 * Ferro, Marc. The Use and Abuse of History: Or How the Past Is Taught to Children. London:Routledge, 2003, ISBN 0-415-28592-5
 * Gellner, Ernest. Nations and Nationalism. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1983. ISBN 0-8014-9263-7
 * Hobsbawm, Eric. Nations and Nationalism since 1780. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992. ISBN 0-521-43961-2
 * Hobsbawm, Eric J. and Terence Ranger, ed.. The Invention of Tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992 ISBN 0-521-43773-3
 * Kohl, Philip L. "Nationalism and Archaeology: On the Constructions of Nations and the Reconstructions of the Remote past", Annual Review of Anthropology, 27, (1998): 223–246.
 * Smith, Anthony D. The Ethnic Origins of Nations. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1988. ISBN 0-631-16169-4
 * Suny, Ronald Grigor. "Constructing Primordialism: Old Histories for New Nations", The Journal of Modern History, 73, 4 (Dec, 2001): 862–896.
 * Bergunder, Michael Contested Past: Anti-Brahmanical and Hindu nationalist reconstructions of Indian prehistory, Historiographia Linguistica, Volume 31, Number 1, 2004, 59–104.
 * G. Fagan (ed.), Archaeological Fantasies: How Pseudoarchaeology Misrepresents the Past and Misleads the Public Routledge (2006), ISBN 0-415-30593-4.
 * Kohl, Fawcett (eds.), Nationalism, Politics and the Practice of Archaeology, Cambridge University Press (1996), ISBN 0-521-55839-5
 * Bruce Lincoln, Theorizing Myth: Narrative, Ideology, and Scholarship, University of Chicago Press (2000), ISBN 0-226-48202-2.
 * Bruce Lincoln, Theorizing Myth: Narrative, Ideology, and Scholarship, University of Chicago Press (2000), ISBN 0-226-48202-2.

Specific nationalisms

 * Baltic
 * Krapauskas, Virgil. Nationalism and Historiography: The Case of Nineteenth-Century Lithuanian Historicism. Boulder, Colo.: East European Monographs, 2000. ISBN 0-88033-457-6
 * Celtic
 * Chapman, Malcolm. The Celts: The Construction of a Myth. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1992. ISBN 0-312-07938-9
 * Dietler, Michael. "'Our Ancestors the Gauls': Archaeology, Ethnic Nationalism, and the Manipulation of Celtic Identity in Modern Europe". American Anthropologist, N.S. 96 (1994): 584–605.
 * James, Simon. The Atlantic Celts: Ancient People or Modern Invention? London: British Museum Press, 1999. ISBN 0-7141-2165-7
 * Chinese
 * Duara, Prasenjit. Rescuing History from the Nation: Questioning Narratives of Modern China. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997 ISBN 0-226-16722-4
 * Israeli
 * Abu El-Haj, Nadia. Facts on the Ground: Archaeological Practice and Territorial Self-Fashioning in Israeli Society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001. ISBN 978-0226001951
 * Uri Ram, The Future of the Past in Israel – A Sociology of Knowledge Approach, in Benny Morris, Making Israel, the University of Michigan Press, 2007.
 * Pakistan
 * Raja, Masood Ashraf. Constructing Pakistan: Foundational Texts and the Rise of Muslim National Identity, 1857–1947, Oxford 2010, ISBN 978-0-19-547811-2
 * Spanish
 * Díaz-Andreu, Margarita 2010. "Nationalism and Archaeology. Spanish Archaeology in the Europe of Nationalities". In Preucel, R. and Mrozowksi, S. (eds.), Contemporary Archaeology in Theory and Practice. London, Blackwell: 432–444.

Recent conferences

 * Nationalism, Historiography and the (Re)construction of the Past, University of Birmingham, 10–12 September 2004

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Nationalist historiography


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Sarmi–Jayapura languages

The Sarmi-Jayapura Bay languages consist of half a dozen languages spoken on the northern coast of Papua province of Indonesia:
 * Sobei, Bonggo, Tarpia (Sarmi), Kayupulau, Ormu, Tobati–Enggros (Jayapura Bay)

Ross (1988) had considered Sarmi and Jayapura Bay (Kayapulau, Orma and Tobati) to be separate but related groups. Ross (1988) listed several additional Sarmi languages:
 * Anus (Korur) and Podena, Liki, and Wakde (close to Sobei), Masimasi, Kaptiau and Yamna.

The inclusion of a supposed Yarsun language appears to be due to confusion of language names with island names. No such language is attested; the island is located between that of the Anus and Podena languages, and all three islands are reported to speak dialects of a single language according to the first source to mention it.

With the exception of certain Micronesian languages, the Sarmi-Jayapura languages have the westernmost distribution out of all Oceanic languages.

Sound correspondences
Grace (1971:34–37) published a table of sound correspondences for the Sarmi languages, from which the following forms are gleaned. The languages are arranged from west to east.

title: Sarmi–Jayapura languages


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Southwest Minzu University

Southwest Minzu University, formerly Southwest University for Nationalities (SWUN), is a multi-disciplinary higher education institute under the control of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission of China. The university was founded in July 1950 and officially established on June 1, 1951.

Campuses
The university is in Chengdu and is in adjacent to the famous Wuhou Temple. It covers an area of over 3000 mu with 1120,000 square meters for construction area, over three campuses.

Its main campus is in Wuhou District, in the southwestern section of the 1st ring road encircling central Chengdu. The university has two other campuses: One is in Shuangliu county, near the airport; the Taipingyuan campus is outside the second ring road.

In addition the university maintains the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Ecological Environmental Protection and Advanced Technology for Animal Husbandry in Hongyuan County, Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture.

Academics

 * Colleges and Programs

title: Southwest Minzu University


text:
Talk:New Captain Scarlet

Original broadcast
There is something that I find suspicous about the remake, not the CGI animation itself but how it was distributed on ITV. With the viewing ratings of the Minstry of Mayhem lower than the BBC equivilent (At the time it was first aired it was Dick and Dom in da Bunglow), did ITV consider trying to boost it with this as some stupid attempt to boost the rating of their failing Saturday slot? I mean when it was going to be first aired the advert for it showed no mention of it being part of the MoM, yet the time for it clearly showed where it would be logically.
 * Thankfully, it is now being shown outside the MoM, unthankfully the damage has already been done (i.e it was part of some sick rating drive)-Dynamo_ace
 * I like it, I think it is really good and I am a fan of gerry anderson so...

Article size and scope
This is getting to be pretty huge. Perhaps someone should break the episodes off into their own page?207.162.216.15 02:06, 6 July 2007 (UTC)
 * My understanding was that episode guides were now ruled "not-suitable" for Wiki. certainly they are being AfD'd with regularity nowawdays -- SockpuppetSamuelson 10:07, 6 July 2007 (UTC)
 * I'm seeing episode lists prominently linked around WP. Just as a real encyclopaedia has lists (in table form, etc.) for reference, so should an online one. In any case, I've added the 'too long' notice, which this article is. The TOC is off my screen at a relatively high resolution, at least.-- D a n c r a g g s 17:36, Tuesday July 10 2007 (UTC)
 * All the other Gerry Anderson series have episode lists, and it would reduce the size of the article considerably. I'm not sure about whether episode lists are still considered suitable but there are plenty out there and there is a Wikipedia Taskforce dedicated to this so I would think they're acceptable
 * Bobfos 11:10, 18 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Done. Simply south 16:46, 15 October 2007 (UTC)

Wiki-linking of characters biogs between both series
Biographing and Wiki-Linking characters between both series is going to get messy. Captain Scarlet/Captain Blue/Captain Black are already disambiguated specifically for the original series. What's more, Destiny Angel is a whole new character in the new series. It makes more sense to create separate encyclopaedia entries for the new characters, disambiguating as requred, cross-referencing between old and new. Or has the topic been addressed elsewhere? Cain Mosni 18:52, 23 May 2006 (UTC)

DVDs
The series has now been fully released on DVD for Europe-region machines. -- Simon Cursitor

Official Website
There was a Captain Scarlet web site, which as well as a Spectrum styled user interface, contained information on how the CGI series was created. This disappeared after a short while. Perhaps the domain was not renewed. Dawd 18:30, 28 January 2007 (UTC)

 * http://web.archive.org/web/20051206004356/http://www.captainscarlet.com/ DJ Barney 00:26, 16 June 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Computer.jpg
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If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 06:31, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Rainscar.jpg
Image:Rainscar.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 23:47, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

Look and Feel
Does this article deserve a mention of the unique look ? It is very different to Pixar productions for example, and for very good reasons explained in this interview with one of the animators: http://www.newtek-europe.com/uk/community/lightwave/thornton/1.html At least, there should be a reference to this interview somewhere. DJ Barney 00:29, 16 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Perhaps it would be interesting to add a section on the CGI aspect of it and how it differs, provided that there is enough material to warrant this section. If you think you could do it, then by all means. -- D a n c r a g g s 17:39, Tuesday July 10 2007 (UTC)

Article too long
Since a "too long" tag has been placed on the article I would suggest moving the episode summaries to a separate page like most other tv-related articles (and all the other Gerry Anderson series). This would slim down the main article considerably. Any objections? Bobfos 10:59, 18 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Sorry didn't see the above discussion :(

Bobfos 11:02, 18 July 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Scarletair.jpg
Image:Scarletair.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

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BetacommandBot (talk) 05:00, 24 January 2008 (UTC)

Punctuation
Who is it who keeps putting all the apostrophies into this? I keep taking them out again, coz they're either not needed, or not in the right place. For example... Spectrum's Captain's. The apostrophie in 'Spectrums' should be after the second 's', because the Captains belong to Spectrum. And, unless the word after Captains is something belonging to them, or would have been something like 'is' or 'has', the apostrophie is not needed. I know this is somewhat trivial, and I shouldn't care so much, it's just I love NCS and want the article on it to look its best and accurate as can be. It'd save me a lot of time if people would stop putting them back in. Thanks, Elaine Colt.

 * It's not trivial at all, Elaine: proper punctuation makes a huge difference in the quality of a website. If Wikipedia is to become a definitive and respected source, we need to be determined to get our spelling, punctuation, and grammar right.  Thanks for your contributions!
 * * Septegram * Talk * Contributions * 02:09, 13 August 2011 (UTC)

Last episode
The second to last episode is "Dominion". That should have been used as the last episode because it would leave people wondering if the Mysterons had been destroyed whereas in the last episode, it's business as usual, in a series without a real ending.(130.255.31.115 (talk) 13:28, 25 March 2013 (UTC))

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Moved from article: Unreferenced comparison section
Because the series is a reboot, it's a stand alone to the original. It's not a not a continuation. This section contains nothing but WP:TRIVIA and WP:FANCRUFT

 * Comparison with the original series

81.141.59.40 (talk) 23:11, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Skybase is, essentially, an improved version of the original Cloudbase, carrying a wide variety of vehicles and weapons on board, and housing Spectrum officers. A notable addition is that, on the flight deck, the Angels use a robot (Nicknamed 'F.R.E.D.'), that is controlled through telepresence by a Catapult Officer, who operates inside the base for safety purposes. The officer gives the traditional hand signals to the pilots, such as the order to launch.
 * In the new series, Lieutenant Green and Captain Ochre are women. Although the Angel squadron continues to be all-female, the episode "Trap for a Rhino" features a male pilot in training.
 * The communications desk is now holographic in nature.
 * Doctor Fawn has been totally redesigned and designated Doctor Gold.
 * Barry Gray's original Captain Scarlet theme music has been replaced with a new composition that includes the drumbeat scene transition.
 * The Spectrum logo has been redesigned.
 * The Mysteron city is now completely green and is built up of lights, spikes or other shapes and gas as opposed to the original multi-coloured, circular-shaped city.
 * The green Mysteron 'rings' remain, as does the booming, distorted 'Voice of the Mysterons' in many scenes (it is revealed the voice emanates from actual Mysteron operatives who they have used as a conduit). In addition, Mysteron agents eyes - particularly Captain Black's - are often seen to flash a similar bright green momentarily at suitably dramatic moments.
 * Modern CGI technology allows the actual recreation of people and objects to be shown on screen.
 * Major scene changes are still accompanied by a musical sting, but as noted above the composition is different.
 * The new series has more complex romantic subplots, with both Captain Scarlet in the present and Captain Black in the past dating Destiny Angel, and the hints of a potential relationship between Captain Blue and Lieutenant Green, as well as flirtations between several other characters. Examples include Captain Ochre and an off-Skybase motorcycle gang member called Colt, and Captain Magenta's all-around womaniser image. The original series had hinted at a one-time relationship between Scarlet and Destiny Angel, and an ongoing approach between Blue and Symphony Angel.
 * The series also establishes new aspects of the Mysterons, revealing that most retain some remnants of the original personalities and feelings of the people killed (in the original series this is depicted as unique to Scarlet). One episode, "The Achilles Messenger", reveals that a faction of Mysteron society does not want the war with the humans and a rebellion exists, though the series was cancelled before this plot element was fully explored. The Mysterons also do not broadcast their threats to Spectrum as they did in the original show.
 * Many voice characterizations have changed. Scarlet no longer sounds like Cary Grant but speaks with an American New England accent. Destiny's accent is now British rather than French. Doctor Gold speaks Standard British with an Austrian accent (as opposed to Doctor Fawn's Australian accent). There are also Irish, Scottish, Welsh, Southern American, Indian, Russian, and other accents (and occasional subtitled foreign-language dialogue) heard among supporting characters in addition to British. An interesting note is that although both series used different voice actors, in both series the actor who voiced Colonel White also provided the voice of the Mysterons. One oddity has Captain Black speaking with a British accent both while free and while under Mysteron control, yet the series establishes that the character is from Brooklyn.
 * Given the fact that the characters are animated, they do not have the physical limitations of the original puppets. The characters are obviously able to be shown walking and in similar activities with considerable ease. Some of these activities are running, fencing and performing martial arts.
 * The original series was noted for its dark tone and level of violence. This has been retained in the new series, with some violent moments being depicted more graphically than it was possible to do with puppets in the 1960s, and the tone is more serious with some mild language.
 * Unlike the original series, the updated series ends with an episode that resolves its premise.
 * The signature saying used in this series is "S.I.G.", which stands for "Spectrum is Green". The comparison with the Thunderbirds' "F.A.B." is natural.

Suspiciously detailed character biogs
There is a lot of in-world detail in this article with no sources cited. Particularly suspicious are the precise heights and weights of the major characters, which were added in a series of edits in 2006.

I can think of two explanations: 1) there was some official card game or book that listed these as official character stats, because people love stats; or 2) an enthusiastic fan made it all up based on their vivid imagination. If the former, we need to track it down and cite it as a source; if the latter, we need to delete the bogus information. Any thoughts? - IMSoP (talk) 22:04, 25 August 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:New Captain Scarlet


text:
IBM SAN File System

The IBM SAN File System is a distributed, heterogeneous file system developed by IBM to be used in storage area networks. There are many virtualization features included, such as allowing heterogeneous operating systems to access the same data and file spaces. Write-in-place b-trees were used as in the DB2 database, later on better known as core of the btrfs.

IBM discontinued selling the SAN File System in April 2007. It has been replaced by IBM General Parallel File System (GPFS).

title: IBM SAN File System


text:
Exminster

Exminster is a village situated on the southern edge of the City of Exeter on the western side of the Exeter ship canal and River Exe in the county of Devon, England. It is around 6 km south of the centre of Exeter, and has a population of 3,478 (census 2011), increasing to 4,379 at the 2021 census.

Exminster is an ancient village associated with a Saxon minster or religious community, founded here in the 8th century. and left by King Alfred the Great to his youngest son Aethelweard in his will of 889. In the 14th century, it was the seat of the Courtenay family, the Earls of Devon. William Courtenay, who was the Archbishop of Canterbury from 1381 to 1396, was born here.

Exminster is a major part of the electoral ward of Kenn Valley. Its population at the above census was 5,906 Exminster Marshes, to the east of the village, are a major site for birds, especially migratory ones including the rare cirl bunting.

Landmarks
The present parish church of Saint Martin of Tours is a Grade I listed building and was built in the late 14th and 15th centuries in the Perpendicular style. It was heavily restored in 1841 and again in 1852. It has a large three-storied tower with a polygonal stair turret. Inside, the Peamore chapel has a plaster ceiling dated 1633, depicting the Twelve Apostles and the Four Evangelists, scenes of the Nativity, Christ carrying the cross and the Resurrection. There is also a notable monument to Otho Petre of Bowhay who died in 1607. The churchyard contains the war graves of eight British servicemen of World War I - the first and highest ranking being Major General Robert Kekewich - and three servicemen of World War II.

The football club is Exminster St Martins AFC. The village is intersected by the Berry Brook, a small stream that rises near Peamore and runs parallel to Days-Pottles Lane, before passing through Exminster and joining the River Exe at Turf Lock.

On a hill overlooking the Exe estuary at the north-west side of the village is the former Devon County Asylum (a "lunatic asylum") which was designed by Charles Fowler and opened in July 1845. It featured a central administration block with six radiating arms and had a capacity of around 800 beds. The hospital closed in the mid-1980s when it was known as Exminster Hospital. After years of neglect, the surrounding land was built upon for housing and the grade II listed hospital was converted to apartments and town houses; it is now known as Devington Park. Exminster railway station was opened by George Hennet on behalf of the South Devon Railway in 1852. It closed to passenger traffic on 30 March 1964 and to goods traffic on 4 December 1967, but its distinctive building still stands next to the railway line. The signal box remained standing on the site until September 2006, was subsequently removed for preservation to Broadway, Worcestershire. although it has since been scrapped.

Economy
Exminster's amenities include a surgery, pharmacy, a village shop, a convenience store, several estate agents, a golf course, a hairdresser, as well as a community facility (The Westbank) which incorporates a gym, an IT suite with web access, and daytime family and toddlers' groups. Exminster also has a primary school; several parks for children including a skate park; and three pubs – The Stowey Arms, The Royal Oak and The Swan's Nest. The Topsham and Exminster Brewery, which produces Ferryman Ale, is located at a former RAF GCI (Ground Controlled Interception) radar station in the midst of the Exminster Marshes RSPB reserve.

The Exeter Canal cycle path leads from Exminster into the centre of Exeter, giving commuters in the village a traffic-free route into the city.

Historic estates

 * Peamore, Exminster
 * Bowhay, a seat of the Petre family, later the seat of Aaron Baker (1620–1683) the first President of the Madras Presidency (1652–1655).

Notable residents

 * The novelist Frances Mary Peard (1835–1923) was born here
 * Phil Beer (born 1953) musician

title: Exminster


text:
Talk:Nationalist historiography

[Untitled]
I have been arguing with a couple of Persian nationalists who are sure that the Elamite empire was Iranian. I collected material that wasn't related to Iran, but did speak to a general problem. So I started an article. This could probably be considerably expanded. I'm still exploring the topic myself. Zora 09:09, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * See also Historical revisionism and Historical revisionism (political) which touches on this. There is also Universal History and a number of other "philosophy of history" articles which all need to be tied together in some way, probably under Historiography. Interestingly, historiography articles are usually broken down by nation, so youd have Historiography of England etc.. Stbalbach 14:54, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * As it is, I think this article could well be subsumed into a a subsectoin of historiography.

 * If folks want to merge it, I'm OK with that. Zora 23:13, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

 * FWIW, I think this is an important article that should be preserved as a valuable antidote to the various nationalist debates one finds scattered around Wikipedia: e.g., was Copernicus a Pole or a German; was al-Biruni Persian or Arab or Turkish. I understand the motives of national pride that lie behind those debates, but the fact that there can be such real debates indicates that national identities can be much more fluid than modern nationalists assume. --SteveMcCluskey 15:48, 20 May 2006 (UTC)

Original research
This article has problems and it makes claims about "Chinese, Persians, Russians" that are not backed up with anything. Reads like a bad term paper from an ultraradical leftist. It is just original research and either doesn't belong in the Wikipedia or needs to get rid of all the junk info that has nothing to back it up. ZamfirsGhost 19:04, 18 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I wrote the article and I don't think I'm a leftist. I'm definitely an anti-nationalist, but I tried to keep the article neutral. How about refraining from calling me names? I'll dig up more refs. Zora 19:34, 18 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Calling someone a "leftist" is not an insult. But I think you're right since examining your edit history you seem nothing like a liberal but the exact opposite, which I think is even worse. My mistake. I think you should read about what Wikipedia thinks about original research and this article is a fabulous example. If the article is anti-nationalist like you, then it's not neutral is it now? And if you are anti-nationalist I think you should leave Hawaii since whites don't belong there and in fact you should leave America, the most nationalist country on earth! And leave the rest of the world alone. ZamfirsGhost 20:05, 20 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I don't think I'm a leftist. I'm definitely an anti-nationalist, but I tried to keep the article neutral.  The minor point is that anti-nationalism is a default common sense among progressives (I'm one, and I'm doing research into this at the moment).  The more substantial point is that your anti-nationalist disposition is very evident throughout the article.  You cite Geary a lot (for such a brief article) and there is also an implicit bias toward the modernists (Gellner, Hobsbawm, Anderson) and against the 'perennialists' (e.g. Smith).  I'd recommend a substantial re-write and will get onto this myself as soon as I find the time - it's a promising initial structure and I applaud your enterprise in getting this article off the ground! -RLM 7pm AEST, 21 September 2009

It's not original research; I cited many academics and even an academic conference. Please stop calling me names and insulting me. I'm not going to report you to an admin, in case you don't realize that you're doing wrong, but if you do this again, I will. You can be blocked from editing if you can't remain civil (WP:CIVIL) to other editors. Zora 22:20, 20 May 2006 (UTC)

NPOV

 * Sometime ago, after making some major changes, I removed the Original Research template. I have just removed the NPOV template. If anyone still thinks this article is biased, please reopen the discussion. --SteveMcCluskey 15:08, 24 June 2006 (UTC)

Things to do and Sources
I've added a lot of material based on Geary's recent book. There's a lot more material out there that can be added. I know there are discussions of the rise of Celtic and Slavic nationalism in the nineteenth century, and I presume there are discussions of nationalism in the many former colonial states of Africa and Asia.

Please help. --SteveMcCluskey 15:13, 8 June 2006 (UTC)

 * I wish I could. Did you know that I have a cubic yard of books to be read sitting by my bed? That I have hundreds of books queued in my Questia account? That I have hundreds of books on my gimmee lists at Powells and Amazon? I think my head is going to explode. Zora 13:35, 4 December 2006 (UTC)

Europeans claiming Greeks as their own
I've removed the following discussion from the section where it was:

 * Europeans claiming as their origin Acient Greece (and marginalizing any non-Greek or non-Indo-European influences on Ancient Greece) ,

That section is concerned with cultures claiming ancestry in a vaguely defined mythological past; the passage derived from Arvidsson dealt with Europeans claiming descent from a well defined historical culture. The issue of possible Asian and African influences on Greek culture is another matter, which perhaps could be written up to fit this discussion of nationalism. --SteveMcCluskey 02:26, 8 December 2006 (UTC)
 * indeed, this is completely offtopic. Europeans claiming Greek cultural roots can do so independently of what might be, in turn, the roots of Greek culture. Oriental and Egyptian influence on Greek culture are widely accepted, it is just usually implied that these elements were essentially refined, acquiring a new "European" quality, in Greece itself. dab (𒁳) 09:05, 8 December 2006 (UTC)

Google Books in footnotes.
I recently changed the Google Books reference to Geary, p. 15, because it didn't work properly. I suspect such links may not be permanent but may be tied to each individual search. That may be why WikiProject Fact and Reference Check/Guidelines deprecates using links to specific pages.

Would someone check whether that link goes directly to p. 15; if it doesn't feel free to remove it. --SteveMcCluskey 22:35, 16 December 2006 (UTC)
 * User:Zora just reformatted the reference for Marc Ferro's book, removing a link to the Google Books entry, stating in her edit summary "We don't do links to google book searches". A Google Books link has been left standing further down. If you click on the title of Patrick Geary's book, it takes you to a Google Books link, and I believe that one is useful. It takes you to Google's own 'About this book' page, which offers a reasonable summary of the book. That should benefit our readers, though I admit the Google Book links do take up space.

 * In the case of the Geary reference, SteveMcCluskey has provided two different GB links, one that takes you to the 'About this Book' page, and a second link that takes you to page 15, which is where the main Geary quote (included at the top of this article) comes from. I did not find that the links were tied to each individual search (which was a concern of Steve's); I found that they took you consistently to the right place. So on balance I'm in favor of including the GB link, though maybe one link per book rather than two because of the space issue. EdJohnston 04:35, 22 February 2007 (UTC)

Dang, I simply didn't notice those. It's not me inventing this, I've seen this repeated elsewhere. Basically, we don't want to link to search results. They're not necessarily stable links. Zora 05:04, 22 February 2007 (UTC)
 * I think you're mistaken in calling these 'links to search results'. Here is the full text of one of the Google Books links: http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0691114811
 * Notice that this pointer includes the ISBN of the book. This is just as stable as a Worldcat pointer, and probably more stable than a link to a Wikipedia article. No search is involved in returning the result to you. The only uncertainty is whether Google will change its 'About this book' writeup over time. But we already include many links to web sites where the linked-to words are not 100% certain to stay fixed over time. What this is giving you is something like a link to the dust-jacket copy of the book, possibly a little better quality, because it doesn't sound like marketing (at least, not in this case).  EdJohnston 20:46, 22 February 2007 (UTC)
 * More background: the rule that I believe Zora has in mind is this one (from WP:EL, under 'Links normally to be avoided': #9. Links to search engine results pages. As noted above I'm arguing that a fully-qualified GB reference does not return a 'search engine results page'. EdJohnston 20:57, 22 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Further, it's a commercial book. Just use the normal ISBN link (ISBN 0691114811)- that will direct the user to an internal Wikipedia page where they have the option to find the book from multiple external sites, including Google Books, Amazon, etc.. -- Stbalbach 14:02, 23 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Sorry, if using in a footnote, then Google Books is fine since it can be used for verification. -- Stbalbach 14:55, 23 February 2007 (UTC)

Linking to Google Books is fine if you know what you're doing. See related discussion. Ekantik talk 04:05, 26 February 2007 (UTC)

demi-paradise

 * The eighteenth and nineteenth century saw the resurgence of national ideologies. During the French revolution a national identity was crafted, identifying the common people with the Gauls.

Really? What about England and Scotland. It seems that nationalism was alive an kicking long before the French thought of it.
 * for, as long as but a hundred of us remain alive, never will we on any conditions be brought under English rule. It is in truth not for glory, nor riches, nor honours that we are fighting, but for freedom – for that alone, which no honest man gives up but with life itself.(Declaration of Arbroath 1320)

 * This royal throne of kings, this scepter'd isle, This earth of majesty, this seat of Mars, This other Eden, demi-paradise, This fortress built by Nature for herself Against infection and the hand of war, This happy breed of men, this little world, This precious stone set in the silver sea, Which serves it in the office of a wall, Or as a moat defensive to a house, Against the envy of less happier lands, This blessed plot, this earth, this realm, this England, (Shakespeare Richard II 1595)

--Philip Baird Shearer 21:21, 22 February 2007 (UTC)

 * The sentence you criticise does state 'resurgence'. It is certainly the case that nationalism has been utilised as a political tool (a noble lie so to speak) long before the French revolution and in places far off from France but the very fact that you associated the political communities that produced these two documents with current geo-political entities show the extent of the historiographical problem. Rykalski (talk) 12:07, 21 October 2008 (UTC)

Afrocentrism
Is it perhaps worth mentioning recent afrocentric claims over Eygptian and Native American ancestry? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 94.195.120.4 (talk) 22:31, 29 August 2009 (UTC)

What was essentially invisible?
"Nationalism was so much taken for granted as the "proper" way to organize states and view history that it was essentially invisible to historians until fairly recently (the 1980s or 1990s)."

I think that this sentence is not totally clear. It was not that nationalism was invisible, but it was nationalistic perspective in viewing and writing history works that was invisible to historians. Such nationalistic perspective in viewing and writing history works is often reffered to as nationalization of history. Therefore I am going to add this term to the above sentence.--Antidiskriminator (talk) 20:34, 23 October 2010 (UTC)

 * I'd go a bit slower on this. The term "nationalization of history" appears in Wikipedia in a new article, to which Antidiskriminator is the only significant contributor to date.  I wonder whether it would be wiser to introduce that new material into this article rather than continue to develop what looks suspiciously like a content fork.  --SteveMcCluskey (talk) 21:35, 24 October 2010 (UTC)

Nationalization of history is not nationalistic history, but national history, that only in some cases can be nationalistic.--Antidiskriminator (talk) 22:55, 24 October 2010 (UTC)

Dubious
I think that we need a cite for "nationalization of history was essentially invisible to historians," particularly given the social history movement. Fifelfoo (talk) 01:34, 30 April 2012 (UTC)
 * I added that assertion based on the source that I need some time to remember and find.--Antidiskriminator (talk) 07:14, 30 April 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
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Single sentence example at the "By country" section
In the current version of this article every listed country only has single sentence example that don't really discuss any individual nationalist historiography or how biased it is, only that a particular researcher has either wrote about it or planned to look at it. There is a wealth of information written about individual cases of nationalist historiography and a lot of it is already on the pages of country-specific historiography, so why only limit it to these odd single sentence examples? I was thinking about adding examples of Vietnamese nationalist historiography but I think that the subject is too broad, diverse, and multi-leveled (where Monarchists, Republicans, Colonialists, Anti-Colonialists, Liberals, Christian Supremacists, "Pure Land" nationalists, Sinophobes, Sinocentrists, Anti-Communists, and Communists all contributed their own versions and nationalistic interpretations of Vietnamese history). So just adding a single sentence would be a major disservice to the readers. Of course, if these single sentence examples are the rule then perhaps I should find a different space for "Vietnamese nationalist historiography". --Donald Trung (talk) 17:57, 13 September 2021 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia is a collaborative project. People write what they can. In this particular case user Piotrus decided it would be a good idea to set up an initial structure of the article. "By country" is a conventional arrangement for articles on general subjects which have specifics in particular countries. Anybody else may expand the article in any way. Nothing prevents you to write about Vietnam as much as you can. And of course, since it seems that you know much on the subject, you may write a separate article, Vietnamese historiography and point out nationalistic elements in it. After that (or before that) YOu can add a section here, keeping in mind the guideline 'WP:Summary style. I fail to see why I have to explain this to you; you are an editor since 2017. Lembit Staan (talk) 21:30, 13 September 2021 (UTC)

Proposed deletion
I propose deleting the following in the "Origins" section:

Although the emergence of the nation into political consciousness is often placed in the nineteenth century, attempts by political leaders to craft new national identities, with their dynasty at the center, have been identified as early as the late Roman Empire.[citation needed] The Barbarian rulers of the successor states crafted these new identities on the basis of descent of the ruler from ancient noble families, a shared descent of a single people with common language, custom, and religious identity, and a definition in law of the rights and responsibilities of members of the new nation.

It's misleading to portray the Barbarian identity as equivalent to national identity. As multiple scholars of nationalism have stated, it's anachronistic to do so because unlike contemporary national identities, pre-modern ideas of common identity and descent only existed among political elites, not entire populations.

Fishing for opinions. Yr Enw (talk) 05:52, 23 August 2023 (UTC)

 * Decided to reword instead Yr Enw (talk) 13:44, 30 September 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Nationalist historiography


text:
Deep Space Homer

"Deep Space Homer" is the fifteenth episode of the fifth season of American animated television series The Simpsons, which was first broadcast on Fox in the United States on February 24, 1994. In the episode, NASA selects Homer Simpson to participate in a spaceflight to spark public interest in space exploration and boost low ratings of the launches. Once in space, his incompetence destroys the navigation system on board the Space Shuttle.

The episode was written by showrunner David Mirkin and directed by Carlos Baeza. Apollo 11 astronaut Buzz Aldrin and musician James Taylor guest-starred as themselves. Some of The Simpsons ' staff, including creator Matt Groening, feared the concept was too unrealistic, resulting in some jokes being pared down and greater focus placed on relationships within the Simpson family. However, the episode was well-received, with many critics and fans praising it as one of the best of the series.

Plot
At the Springfield Nuclear Power Plant, Homer believes he will win the Worker of the Week award; it is a union requirement that every employee gets the prize and Homer is the only plant employee who has never won. Instead, Mr. Burns gives the award to an inanimate carbon rod. Homer thinks no one respects him, and watches television to lighten his mood. Suddenly, the remote breaks and the TV is stuck on a telecast of a Space Shuttle launch, which Homer finds boring. Meanwhile, NASA decides to send an average Joe to space to improve their Nielsen ratings, and pick Homer after he calls NASA to complain about the telecast. When two NASA officials approach Homer the next day, he believes he is in trouble and blames the prank call on Barney. After they invite Barney to participate in a space launch, Homer tells the officials the truth; the officials decide to train both Homer and Barney.

At Cape Canaveral, Homer and Barney compete in training exercises. While under NASA's alcohol ban, a sober Barney develops superior skills and is chosen to fly with Buzz Aldrin and Race Banyon. After toasting with a non-alcoholic drink, Barney reverts to alcoholism and leaves via a jetpack. Homer is selected as Barney's replacement; the launch receives good television ratings.

Homer smuggles a bag of potato chips aboard the shuttle, and opens it upon reaching space. The chips disperse and threaten to clog the instruments. While eating them, Homer breaks an ant farm, and the ants destroy the navigation system. James Taylor, hired to sing to the astronauts through mission control, suggests they blow the ants out the hatch, having done a similar technique when Taylor visited Art Garfunkel at his vineyard. Homer fails to put on his harness and is nearly blown into space, grabbing on to the hatch handle. The hatch handle bends, preventing it from fully closing. While defending himself from a furious Race, Homer grabs a carbon rod and inadvertently uses it to seal the hatch. The shuttle returns safely to Earth, landing at a press convention. Although Buzz calls Homer a hero, the press only acknowledges the carbon rod. Despite this, Homer's family still celebrates him as a hero.

Production
"Deep Space Homer" was written by showrunner David Mirkin and directed by Carlos Baeza. He based the episode on NASA's cancellation of the Teacher in Space Project, which sent civilians to space to increase public interest in the Space Shuttle program. The staff worried that sending Homer into space was too large an idea, and Simpsons' creator Matt Groening said it gave them "nowhere to go". Several gags were toned down to make the episode more realistic, including an idea that everyone at NASA was as stupid as Homer. Mirkin focused more on Homer's attempts to gain his family's respect.

Buzz Aldrin and James Taylor guest-star as themselves. The staff were concerned Aldrin would consider his line "second comes right after first" an insult, and offered the alternative line, "first to take a soil sample", as a backup. Aldrin however preferred the original line, which was retained in the script. Taylor recorded an altered version of his 1970 single "Fire and Rain" and Carole King's 1971 "You've Got a Friend" for the episode. His recording session appears as an extra on the DVD release of the fifth season. David Silverman directed the potato chip sequence instead of Baeza; the chips were partly animated on an Amiga personal computer to smooth their rotation.

Parodies
"Deep Space Homer" has multiple references to 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968): a scene of Homer floating and eating potato chips in space includes Johann Strauss II's waltz "The Blue Danube", which was used in the film. Whilst using the docking computer, the rotating Homer mimics the space station from the computer game Elite, which also plays "The Blue Danube" as the game pilots the ship in the spinning station. Tom Brokaw is parodied as a journalist reporting on NASA's experiments about the effects of weightlessness on "tiny screws". During Barney and Homer's training montage, which itself is a reference to The Right Stuff, Barney demonstrates his improved abilities by reciting the opening to "Major-General's Song" while landing several consecutive back handsprings. Homer attempts the same with "There Once Was a Man From Nantucket" but crashes into a wall before he can complete it.

Homer watches an Itchy and Scratchy Show episode that shows Itchy bursting out of Scratchy, a reference to Alien, then torturing Scratchy in an EVA pod, a reference to 2001's Discovery craft. When Bart Simpson throws a marker pen, it rotates in slow motion and a match cut replaces it with a cylindrical satellite as a parody of a similar transition used in 2001; both film and cartoon use Richard Strauss' tone poem Also sprach Zarathustra as backing music.

The scene where the Simpson family are in the car together is a parody of the opening sequence of The Beverly Hillbillies. The title is in reference to the TV show Star Trek: Deep Space Nine. The episode features a tribute to Planet of the Apes when Homer imitates Charlton Heston in the last scene of the film.

Themes
"Deep Space Homer" deals with Barney's alcoholism as he sobers up to become fit and clear-thinking, then regresses to his usual drunken persona after he has a non-alcoholic drink, an example of "exaggerated incompetence." The episode also explores the relationships between members of the Simpson family, particularly how they evolve after Homer's voyage to space. At the start of the episode, Bart writes "Insert Brain Here" on the back of Homer's head to imply he is not intelligent enough to earn his family's respect. After Homer returns from space, Bart instead writes "Hero" on the back of his head. His trip to space and his heroic act gains him increased respect from his family, something Homer had struggled with for several years.

NASA's main motivation for sending Homer to space is its low ratings. This is evident when Homer and Bart, who are seen as average Joes, are attempting to quickly change the channel when a space launch is shown. By 1994, NASA could no longer present space exploration as part of the Space Race—the tension between the Soviet Union and the United States had by then dissipated. In the episode, NASA attempts to use social class as a means of increasing ratings by sending an "average schmo" such as Homer or Barney to space. Homer's space journey increased ratings for NASA; according to the professor of English Paul Cantor, this illustrates how easily trends in ratings can be affected by societal change.

Reception
"Deep Space Homer" finished 32nd in ratings for the week of February 21–27, 1994, with a Nielsen rating of 11.1, the equivalent of approximately 10.3 million viewing households. It was the highest-rated show on Fox that week.

In 1994, film magazine Empire declared "Deep Space Homer" a "contender for the greatest episode ever", listing it as the third-best Simpsons parody of a film. In 1998, TV Guide listed it in its list of top twelve Simpsons episodes. In his 2004 book Planet Simpson, Chris Turner cited the episode as one of his five favorites. He described the sequence with Homer eating potato chips in the Space Shuttle and the speech by newscaster Kent Brockman, who believes alien ants have taken over the shuttle, as "simply among the finest comedic moments in the history of television".

In 2011, The Daily Telegraph named the episode among their ten favorites for its cameos and jokes. In 2017, Today.com named "Deep Space Homer" its fourth-favorite Simpsons episode, describing Homer's realization that Planet of the Apes is set on Earth as "pure genius". Aldrin and Taylor received praise for their performances; IGN and Phoenix.com ranked Taylor's guest appearance among the show's greatest. In 2019, Time ranked the episode sixth in its list of 10 best Simpsons episodes picked by Simpsons experts.

The episode is a favorite of Silverman, but contains one of Groening's least-favorite jokes: Homer's face morphs into those of Popeye and Richard Nixon while exposed to g-forces, which Groening felt made no sense in context.

Legacy
At the request of astronaut Edward Lu, a copy of the episode was placed on the International Space Station for astronauts to view.

Overlord meme
Kent Brockman's line, "I, for one, welcome our new insect overlords", became a popular TV catchphrase and an Internet meme. It is frequently used to show mock submission or suggest a powerful entity, such as robots, could become capable enough to conquer humanity. In 2007, New Scientist used the phrase when reporting the British government's research into aliens, and in 2011, Ken Jennings, a long-standing contestant of the game show Jeopardy!, used it in reference to the computer Watson.

title: Deep Space Homer


text:
File:Bazylikafara.JPG

Summary
The Margareta's basilica

Photo by Bartosz Wójs, 2005, who retains copyright and releases the image under the GFDL.

((GFDL))

Copyright (c) 2005  Bartosz Wójs. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".

title: File:Bazylikafara.JPG


text:
Talk:History of Italy during Roman times

Untitled
Each paragraph should be headed Main article... Why are there no links to the major articles covering every aspect of this? --Wetman 09:10, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Neglect? :) Please feel free to be bold and just fix it. --Joy [shallot]   13:22, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I thick this should be kept seperate, as to keep the main article from getting too big —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.176.163.27 (talk) 00:27, 22 April 2011 (UTC)


text:
User talk:Raftostiftelsen

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Copyright
By the way, I placed the article Preah Maha Ghosananda on notice for copyright infringement, because it seems to be taken from the Rafto Prize's website. Please don't keep adding content to that page. However, looking at your user name, I wonder if you have some sort of ties to the organization that owns the copyright ... if someone with the authority to do so could release this text from its copyright, then we can use it on Wikipedia. Please look into that. Otherwise, the text will be deleted because it is illegal for us to use it. - Nat Krause 09:34, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Raftostiftelsen


text:
User talk:Aelfrith

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Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Aelfrith! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 1 of the articles that you created  is tagged as an Unreferenced Biography of a Living Person. The biographies of living persons policy requires that all personal or potentially controversial information be sourced. In addition, to insure verifiability, all biographies should be based on reliable sources. if you were to bring this article up to standards, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the article is adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the article:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 23:36, 8 January 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Steve Knightley -

title: User talk:Aelfrith


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User talk:MerNion

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title: User talk:MerNion


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User talk:Auyongcheemeng

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Orphaned non-free image File:Smklbb by auyong.png
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title: User talk:Auyongcheemeng


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User talk:Damageplanner

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title: User talk:Damageplanner


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User talk:Przemyslaw Pawelczak

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File source and copyright licensing problem with File:TU Delft seal.png
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Your contributed article, Rectors of the Delft University of Technology
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ArbCom elections are now open!
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Proposed deletion of List of the Bachelor and Master programmes at Delft University of Technology

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title: User talk:Przemyslaw Pawelczak


text:
Quinta Normal

Quinta Normal is a commune of Chile located in Santiago Province, Santiago Metropolitan Region. It is named after a large park in the area.

Demographics
According to the 2002 census of the National Statistics Institute, Quinta Normal spans an area of 13 sqkm and has 104,012 inhabitants (50,509 men and 53,503 women), and the commune is an entirely urban area. The population fell by 10.6% (12337 persons) between the 1992 and 2002 censuses.

Stats

 * Population: 95,597 (2006 projection)
 * Average annual household income: US$17,919 (PPP, 2006)
 * Population below poverty line: 10.8% (2006)
 * Regional quality of life index: 77.01, mid-high, 19 out of 52 (2005)
 * Human Development Index: 0.723, 87 out of 341 (2003)

Administration
As a commune, Quinta Normal is a third-level administrative division of Chile administered by a municipal council, headed by an alcalde who is directly elected every four years.

The communal council has the following members:
 * Eduardo Valdés San Martín
 * Yohanna Cáceres Lloncón
 * Matilde Pérez Ravelo
 * Adriano Castillo Herrera
 * Sebastián Alburquenque Garrido
 * Margarita Ruz Olivares
 * Antonieta Flores Miranda
 * Nicolás Jaramillo Méndez

Within the electoral divisions of Chile, Quinta Normal was dissolved as a district. Its last representatives in the Chamber of Deputies were Nicolás Monckeberg (RN) and Cristina Girardi (PPD).

title: Quinta Normal


text:
User talk:Tastywheat

Fair use rationale for File:The Trash Can Sinatras (2004).jpg
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title: User talk:Tastywheat


text:
Nitty Gritty

Glen Augustus Holness (1957–24 June 1991), otherwise known by his stage name Nitty Gritty, was a popular reggae singer. Born in the August Town section of Kingston, Jamaica, he was the second of eleven children born to religious parents.

Biography
Holness formed The Soulites in the early 1970s and recorded his first solo single in the early 1980s for producer Sugar Minott. He worked on the Zodiac sound system and recorded further singles, working with George Phang before moving on to King Jammy in 1985, with whom he had his breakthrough success with "Hog inna Minty", a Jamaican folk song. Nitty Gritty was the first to record the song and was an instant success. He enjoyed further successful singles produced by Jammy, and his debut album, Turbo Charged was released in 1986, as was the split album with King Kong, Musical Confrontation. He moved to live in London before relocating to New York City, where he continued to record but less frequently. Further albums followed with General Penitentiary (1987), Nitty Gritty (1988), and Jah in the Family (1989).

On 24 June 1991, he was shot dead in front of Super Power Record Shop in Brooklyn, New York at the age of 34, for which deejay Super Cat was initially suspected yet later cleared.

Discography

 * Turbo Charged (1986), Greensleeves
 * Musical Confrontation (1986), Jammy's - with King Kong
 * General Penitentiary (1987), Black Victory
 * Nitty Gritty (1988), Witty's
 * Jah in the Family (1989), Blacka Dread
 * Powerhouse Presents (1989), with Tenor Saw

 * Compilations:
 * Tribute to Nitty Gritty: Trials & Crosses (1994), VP
 * We Run Things (2002), Rhino - with Tenor Saw

title: Nitty Gritty


text:
File:Staremiasto.JPG

The old town.

Photo by Bartosz Wójs, 2005, who retains copyright and releases the image under the GFDL.

Copyright (c) 2005  Bartosz Wójs. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".

title: File:Staremiasto.JPG


text:
Talk:Preah Maha Ghosananda

Untitled
There’s an unresolved template, I don’t know how to fix: --46.252.16.63 (talk) 07:52, 1 February 2012 (UTC)

rip man u were the coolest man ever

I removed the "citation needed" from Tep Vong, the supreme patriarch who succeeded Maha Ghosananda. It is a publicly known, obvious, accepted historical fact. It would be like giving a citation that Pope Benedict succeeded Pope John Paul, or president Bush followed President Clinton.

Maha Ghosananda's eternal message
For the only full-length interview Venerable Maha Ghosananda ever gave to professional film-makers, see 'The Serene Life' - www.fltfilms.org.uk Achanner 19:43, 14 March 2007 (UTC)

Date of Birth
The official press release of his obituary from the International Community of Khmer Buddhsit Monks Center lists his date of birth as May 23, 1913. This is at variance with many published accounts that he was born in 1929. It is suggested that the descrepany is explained by the probability that the Cambodian authorities gave him an artificial date-of-birth in order to meet age restrictions when he went to study for his doctorate degree in India in the 1950s. Santi Bhikkhu, Seattle.

External links modified
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I have just modified 4 external links on Preah Maha Ghosananda. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070626050554/http://www.mahaghosananda.com/biography.html to http://www.mahaghosananda.com/biography.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090207195509/http://www.peaceabbey.org/awards/cocrecipientlist.html to http://www.peaceabbey.org/awards/cocrecipientlist.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20071211190659/http://www.mahaghosananda.com/index.html to http://www.mahaghosananda.com/index.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110716065859/http://www.centrepeaceconflictstudies.org/fileadmin/downloads/pdfs/Maha_Ghosananda_Buddha_of_Battlefield.pdf to http://www.centrepeaceconflictstudies.org/fileadmin/downloads/pdfs/Maha_Ghosananda_Buddha_of_Battlefield.pdf

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title: Talk:Preah Maha Ghosananda


text:
Talk:South Eastern Railway

Untitled
I have changed this from Redirect to Disambig. Biscuittin 17:27, 5 May 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:South Eastern Railway


text:
Lord Browne

Lord Browne or Lord Brown may refer to

 * Wilfred Brown, Baron Brown (1908–1985), metals company executive
 * George Brown, Baron George-Brown (1914–1985), British Labour politician
 * Nicholas Browne-Wilkinson, Baron Browne-Wilkinson (born 1930), jurist
 * Simon Brown, Baron Brown of Eaton-under-Heywood (born 1937), British jurist
 * Wallace Browne, Baron Browne of Belmont (born 1947), Northern Ireland Unionist politician
 * John Browne, Baron Browne of Madingley (born 1948), former BP executive
 * Des Browne, Baron Browne of Ladyton (born 1952), Scottish Labour politician

title: Lord Browne


text:
Perkins Arboretum

The Perkins Arboretum (128 acres; 51.2 hectares) is the Colby College arboretum, located at 5600 Mayflower Hill Drive in Waterville, Maine, United States. It is used for teaching and research, but its trails are also open to the public.

The Arboretum was established in 1946, later dedicated to the memory of Professor and Mrs. Edward Henry Perkins, and in 1969 expanded to its current size. The Colby Board of Trustees has mandated that the Arboretum "be preserved and protected in its natural state without cutting or changes in the growth and natural habitat as time proceeds".

Arboretum trees include Apples, White Ash, Quaking Aspen, Gray Birch, Paper Birch, Yellow Birch, American Beech, Black Cherry, Dogwood, Eastern Hemlock, Hop-hornbeam, Red Maple, Sugar Maple, Northern Red Oak, White Oak, and Eastern White Pine. Other plants include Speckled Alder, Cattails, Sensitive Fern, Christmas Fern, Bracken, Clubmoss, Partridge Berry, Trillium, and Wintergreen.

title: Perkins Arboretum


text:
User:G®iffen~enwiki

For those of you who understand danish language please see the danish user page.

Other visitors please just read it as a name in the crowd, since it's too complicated for my english vocabulary to translate it all.

I'm not at en.wiki on a daily basis, but close to at the danish version. For questions and comments that can't wait for 14 days to be seen, please contact me at da:

When I'm not neglecting my family to be at Wiki, I'll be driving a small truck in or around Copenhagen, Denmark.

G®iffen

Links I try to remember for further Wikiwork
[http://dealertruck.net/Mercedes%20Benz%20Axor.php lastbilbeskriv. reklame)

da:bruger:G®iffen de:Benutzer:G®iffen no:bruker:G®iffen sv:användare:G®iffen

title: User:G®iffen~enwiki