text:
User:TarmoK/TKtools

 TK Interwiki sorter comments welcome

2008-01-21 List of codes used in TK Interwiki sorter

aa:, af:, ak:, als:, am:, ang:, ab:, ar:, an:, arc:, roa-rup:, frp:, as:, ast:, gn:, av:, ay:, az:, id:, ms:, ban:, bm:, bn:, zh-min-nan:, map-bms:, jv:, su:, ba:, be:, be-x-old:, bh:, bi:, bar:, bo:, bs:, br:, bug:, bg:, bxr:, ca:, ceb:, cs:, ch:, cv:, ny:, sn:, tum:, cho:, co:, za:, cy:, da:, pdc:, de:, dv:, nv:, dsb:, dz:, mh:, et:, na:, el:, eml:, en, myv:, es:, eo:, eu:, ee:, fa:, to:, fo:, fr:, fy:, ff:, fur:, ga:, gv:, sm:, gd:, gl:, gay:, ki:, glk:, gu:, got:, zh-classical:, hak:, xal:, ko:, ha:, haw:, hy:, hi:, ho:, hsb:, hr:, io:, ig:, ilo:, bpy:, ia:, ie:, iu:, ik:, os:, xh:, zu:, is:, it:, he:, kl:, kn:, kr:, pam:, ka:, ks:, csb:, kk:, kw:, rw:, ky:, rn:, sw:, kv:, kg:, ht:, kj:, ku:, lad:, lbe:, lo:, la:, lv:, lb:, lt:, lij:, li:, ln:, jbo:, lg:, lmo:, hu:, mk:, mg:, ml:, mt:, mi:, mr:, mzn:, chm:, cdo:, mo:, mn:, mus:, my:, fj:, nah:, nl:, nds-nl:, cr:, ne:, new:, ja:, nap:, ce:, pih:, no:, nn:, nrm:, nov:, oc:, or:, om:, ng:, hz:, ug:, uz:, pa:, pi:, pag:, pap:, ps:, km:, pms:, nds:, pl:, pt:, crh:, ty:, ksh:, ro:, rmy:, rm:, qu:, ru:, se:, sa:, sg:, sc:, sco:, stq:, st:, tn:, sq:, scn:, si:, simple:, sd:, ss:, sk:, cu:, sl:, so:, sr:, sh:, fi:, sv:, kab:, tl:, ta:, roa-tara:, tt:, te:, tet:, th:, vi:, ti:, tlh:, tg:, tpi:, chr:, chy:, ve:, tr:, tk:, tw:, udm:, uk:, ur:, vec:, vo:, fiu-vro:, wa:, vls:, war:, wo:, wuu:, ts:, ii:, yi:, yo:, zh-yue:, cbk-zam:, diq:, zea:, bat-smg:, zh:

making left side links  to see visually the language name order
 * not recognised (+en):

ban:                                         eml: en myv:     fa:            gay:  glk:            hsb:                                   lbe:                   mzn: chm:                    nov:                  crh:             stq:                 kab:   roa-tara:                          wuu:      cbk-zam:  zea:

title: User:TarmoK/TKtools


text:
User talk:TarmoK/TKtools

Recently created
Just a heads-up: there's now a page at Meta that lists recently created Wikipedias. Right now there are three that haven't been added yet:

 * Ladino – Ladino (lad)
 * Nnapulitano – Neapolitan (nap)
 * Samar-Leyte Visayan – Waray-Waray (war)

– Minh Nguyễn (talk, contribs, blog) 22:34, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

Also created: Ilokano – Ilokano (ilo) – Minh Nguyễn (talk, contribs, blog) 06:07, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

 * thanks a lot. These are added now --TarmoK 15:10, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

Just created:

 * Lumbaart – Lombard (lmo)
 * Norfuk / Pitkern – Norfuk (pih)
 * Удмурт – Udmurt (udm)
 * Vèneto – Venetian (vec)

The Buginese (bug:) and Udmurt (udm:) Wikipedias have apparently been added already.

– Minh Nguyễn (talk, contribs, blog) 19:17, 24 October 2005 (UTC)

 * thanks again. These are added now --TarmoK

Interwiki sorter
The interwiki sorter that you link to here is down, but there seems to be another copy at. Not sure if it's yours, but perhaps someone else will find this link useful. – Minh Nguyễn (talk, contribs) 00:35, 17 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Hi! yes it was down, as there was somekind of server restructuring or ... anyway, it is up now again.

 * the other URL you found is mine, I used it before, but had some problems with them at some point (no access), so went to look for another one. I've been tring to keep updated both, as much I've been able to connect to there --TarmoK 09:37, 1 March 2006 (UTC)

Missing languages
The interwiki sorter is still missing arc: (right after dv:) and ceb: (right after cv:). It also doesn't handle nb: (right after no:) and tokipona: (right after tg:) correctly – though they're deprecated, you still see them sometimes – but you may have omitted that intentionally. *shrug* – Minh Nguyễn (talk, contribs) 22:37, 11 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Hi Minh Nguyễn! thanks for keeping eye on it. I added these two missing ones.

 * about arc: based on Aramaic language article, the language transliterated name is Ārāmāyâ, so it should be in my opinion after an.
 * about nb: and tokipona: yes these are intentionally left out, as these should be no more appear in interwiki list. It does handle them in way that it moves them to end of the list, so user can see them and decide what to do (nb should be changed to no and tokipona disregarded) Have anice day and keep up good work :o) --TarmoK 08:58, 23 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Alrighty. Also, should we do something special about zh-cn: and zh-tw:, which are deprecated? Or just move them to the end of the list? – Minh Nguyễn (talk, contribs) 06:10, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

Fourteen new Wikipedias
Fourteen new Wikipedia editions have been created:

 * Nedersaksisch – Dutch Low Saxon (nds-nl)
 * Líguru – Ligurian language (Romance) (lij)
 * Žemaitėška – Samogitian language (bat-smg)
 * Ripoarisch – Ripuarian (ksh)
 * Deitsch – Pennsylvania German language (pdc)
 * West-Vlaoms – West Flemish (vls)
 * Arpitan – Franco-Provençal language (frp)
 * 粵語 / 粤语 (Yuet6yue5) – Cantonese (linguistics) (simplified/traditional; zh-yue)
 * Tetun – Tetum language (tet)
 * Хальмг (Kalmyk) – Kalmyk language (xal)
 * Papiamentu – Papiamento (pap)
 * Romani – Vlax Romany language (rmy)
 * Basa Banyumasan – Banyumasan language (map-bms)
 * Nouormand – Norman language (nrm)

Most of them have yet to be populated with the content from their test runs at Meta, but it would be nice to have them included in the interwiki sorter and here, because we will need a lot of interwiki links for articles at ksh: and pdc:, which have developed quite a bit offsite (3,202 and 1,370 articles respectively).

– Minh Nguyễn (talk, contribs) 06:08, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

Also, the Piedmontese Wikipedia has been created recently:

 * Piemontèis – Piedmontese language (pms)

– Minh Nguyễn (talk, contribs) 05:37, 27 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Hi Minh Nguyễn! Thanks again for keeping eye on wikipedia landscape and informing about new languages. Now, finally, these updates are in the sorter as well --TarmoK 19:56, 27 June 2006 (UTC)

Twenty new Wikipedias
We have another batch of 20:

 * Boarisch – Austro-Bavarian
 * Буряад (Buryat) – Buryat language
 * Chavacano de Zamboanga – Zamboanga Chavacano
 * Emilià – Emiliano-Romagnolo
 * 古文 / 文言文 (Gǔwén / Wényánwén) – Classical Chinese
 * Hornjoserbsce – Upper Sorbian
 * ইমার ঠার/বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী (Imarthar / Bishnupriya Manipuri) – Bishnupriya Manipuri language
 * Лакку (Lakku) – Lak language
 * مَزِروني (Mazeruni) – Mazandarani language
 * Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄ – Min Dong
 * नेपाल भाषा (Nepal Bhasa) – Nepal Bhasa
 * Novial – Novial
 * Pangasinan – Pangasinan language
 * словѣньскъ (Slověnĭskŭ) – Old Church Slavonic
 * Tarandíne – Tarantino language
 * 吴语 (Wu Niu) – Wu (linguistics)
 * Zazaki – Zazaki
 * Zeêuws – Zeelandic
 * گیلکی (Gilaki?) – Gileki language
 * Сибирской говор/Полношнорусской говор – Siberian language (article deleted at the English and Russian Wikipedias)

Unfortunately, I can't transliterate the last two for sure yet, so I don't know where to put them in the list. For now, I guess we can keep them at the bottom.

– Minh Nguyễn (talk, contribs) 06:41, 1 October 2006 (UTC)

Siberian is Sibirskoy Govor, apparently. – Minh Nguyễn (talk, contribs) 22:22, 1 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Thanks for keeping infrming and effort to find the language "translations", these are added now --TarmoK 21:08, 30 December 2006 (UTC)

 * No problem. Actually,  has just been changed to Zamboangueño, so it needs to be moved down now. – Minh Nguyễn (talk, contribs) 03:16, 31 December 2006 (UTC)

Belarusian
What used to be be: has been moved to be-x-old:; be: is now home to the Normative Belarusian Wikipedia. At this point, both wikis have identical native names (perhaps "normative" and "alternative" need to be translated soon). I would list be-x-old: right under be: for the time being. – Minh Nguyễn (talk, contribs) 06:11, 3 April 2007 (UTC)

Kabyle
The Kabyle Wikipedia (kab; Ṯaqbayliṯ) has been created. – Minh Nguyễn (talk, contribs) 05:19, 7 May 2007 (UTC)

Hakka Wikipedia
The Hakka Wikipedia (Hak-kâ-fa / 客家話) is now up. – Minh Nguyễn (talk, contribs) 02:19, 29 May 2007 (UTC)

 * thanks again, tool is updated with latest changes --TarmoK 13:43, 24 June 2007 (UTC)

Crimean Tatar et al.
The following three Wikipedias have been added:

 * Qırımtatarca – Crimean Tatar (crh)
 * Dolnoserbski – Lower Sorbian (dsb)
 * Seeltersk – Saterland Frisian (stq)

– Minh Nguyễn (talk, contribs) 19:54, 12 January 2008 (UTC)

 * :o) thanks! updates added --TarmoK (talk) 00:07, 22 January 2008 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:TarmoK/TKtools


text:
John Tembo

John Zenus Ungapake Tembo (14 September 1932 – 27 September 2023) was a Malawian politician who served for years as President of the Malawi Congress Party (MCP). Tembo comes from the Dedza District in central Malawi, and he was a teacher by profession. Beginning in the 1960s he was an important politician in Malawi, and he was a key figure in the regime of Hastings Banda (1964–1994). He has been variously described as "physically slight, ascetic, fastidious" and "cunning". He was replaced as President of the MCP in August 2013.

Early career
Tembo was born in Dedza District, Central Region on 14 September 1932. His father, Zenus Ungapake Tembo, was a minister of the Church of Central African Presbyterian (CCAP). He attended several primary schools before graduating to Blantyre Secondary School. He later went to study at the University of Roma (also known as Pius XII College) in Lesotho, graduating in 1958 with a Bachelor of Arts in political philosophy. He had a brief stint as a teacher at Dedza Secondary School and later taught for two years at Robert Blake Secondary School in the central region district of Dowa in 1958.

In 1960, two years after Dr. Banda's arrival in the country from Ghana to lead the independence struggle from British colonial rule, Tembo was invited to take up a parliamentary seat in Dedza South constituency.

Tembo was elected to the legislative assembly of Nyasaland in 1961, three years before the country gained its independence and became the Republic of Malawi. He was the second Minister of Finance in Malawi after independence, succeeding Henry Phillips (later Sir Henry Phillips) in a post for which the intended candidate had been Dunduzu Chisiza (Chisiza died in 1962 in a car crash). John Tembo was the only cabinet member not to resign in the notorious Cabinet Crisis of 1964, after which most of the President's closest lieutenants, their opposition to his policies thwarted, fled the country. (Chinua Achebe in A Man of the People admits having used a real situation gleaned from the Hansards of a certain African country to portray his main character 'Chief Nanga', the heckler in parliament who hounded out the 'offensive minister' who had just resigned.)

Relationship with Banda
Tembo was prone to taking some unilateral decisions, e.g. the '1974 Youth Week Inauguration' venue saga when Tembo decided, without Banda's permission, to stage the event in Lilongwe to coincide with the 'New Capital City' inauguration gala Banda had yet to sanction. Banda found this offensive and in the presence of Gwanda Chakuamba dressed down Tembo before instructing Chakuamba to rearrange, at a very high cost to the government, the Youth Week inauguration back in Blantyre. Despite Cecilia Kadzamira's intervention, Banda proceeded to remove John Tembo from the National Celebrations Council and placed him into a minor post of Reserve Bank Governor and the ceremonial Chairman of the University Council. The Banda-Tembo relationship soured and it became an uphill struggle, with Cecilia's active support, for Tembo to regain his position of prominence. His role as the Chichewa interpreter to Banda was engineered so that John Tembo stayed in Banda's presence. Cecilia engineered the removal as interpreter and subsequent demise in disgrace of the eloquent Chichewa speaking John Msonthi; whereupon on Msonthi's burial day a gun battle ensued between the Msonthi and Tembo/ Kadzamira clans. And when John Tembo suggested, during one of Dr. Banda's speech on ubiquitous and 'invisible enemies', that ministers and those around the President should carry automatic weapons to 'defend' Dr. Banda, John Tembo was swiftly rapped on the wrist and a temporary replacement interpreter was arranged.

When Malawi became a republic in 1966 after attaining independence in 1964, Tembo was appointed as Minister of Finance. In 1971, at the Dowa MCP Convention, Tembo was the 'primary' sponsor (while another two seconded) for Banda becoming the 'Life President' of Malawi. Banda rewarded him with postgraduate studies in central banking in Britain and France. Later he was to use the knowledge as Governor of the Reserve Bank of Malawi, a post he held for 13 years.

As confidante to the President, Tembo was used as Dr. Banda's Machiavellian bludgeon during the later part of Dr. Banda's 30-year tyrannical rule. Tembo came to personify the negatives that Dr. Banda did. The greater majority in Malawi came to hate John Tembo for the excesses that ideally should have been aimed at Dr. Banda. While most people became resigned to the 'life presidency' issue (wait until the old man departs), a determination, especially after the Mwanza Assassination, emerged that Tembo would 'never rule' Malawi. Yet, in a move demonstrating Banda embraced 'democracy' much earlier than portrayed, Banda released John Tembo from his duties as Governor of the Reserve Bank and sent him on a two-year sabbatical to the US Congress to study the workings of democracy. When John Tembo returned in 1989, Banda appointed him as Minister without Portfolio much to the furore and greater agitation for multiparty democracy.

With Banda's health failing Cecilia Tamanda Kadzamira turned more to Tembo to do her low-key political bidding. In turn, John Tembo unleashed onto Malawians what Banda was to later call the 'parallel MCP'. Sections of the Secret Service, Malawi Young Pioneers and other agencies, loyal to John Tembo, systematically incarcerated and/or summarily killed any vocal opposition to his rise to power while the educated, especially those without links to John Tembo's 'Dedza-Ntakataka Connection' were dispatched into exile. Yet, the Machiavelli Dr. Banda did not fully relinquish power. Given a choice between Tembo and Gwanda Chakuamba, Banda anointed Chakuamba as his running mate in Malawi's first multiparty elections, held on 17 May 1994.

In January 1995, some months after Banda lost the election to Bakili Muluzi of the United Democratic Front (UDF), Tembo and "Mama" were put on trial for the murder of the four prominent Malawi politicians in 1983 (the so-called Mwanza trial). While there was little doubt that the four politicians had met their violent end (also allegedly in a "car crash") at the hands of state security forces, there was no direct evidence linking the accused to the murders and they were acquitted. After Banda's death in 1997, Tembo attempted to take over the presidency of the Malawi Congress Party from Chakuamba and defied a high court injunction preventing him from holding a convention to do so. Because the high court ruled him in contempt, he was expelled from the legislative assembly, although he successfully challenged the expulsion. Using the parallel MCP mechanisms, John Tembo finally wrested control of the MCP from Gwanda Chakuamba.

2004 election
As the candidate of the MCP, Tembo officially placed second, with 27% of the vote, in the presidential election held on 20 May 2004, behind the winner, UDF candidate Bingu wa Mutharika, and ahead of Chakuamba, who ran as the candidate of the Mgwirizano Coalition.

On 28 August 2007, Tembo rejected an appeal from Chakuamba for Tembo to become the running mate of Muluzi, the UDF's candidate, in the 2009 election. Tembo said that the MCP would have its own campaign and would not participate in a coalition.

2009 presidential election
On 1 November 2008, Tembo was unanimously elected as the MCP's 2009 presidential candidate at the MCP National Convention held at the Natural Resources College in Lilongwe. Tembo was to face President Mutharika, who was running for a second term as the candidate of the newly formed Democratic Progressive Party (DPP).

Tembo was considered the main opposition candidate, and the MCP formed an electoral alliance with Muluzi and the UDF prior to the election; the old foes came together with the goal of defeating Mutharika, their mutual enemy. Tembo's vice-presidential candidate was Brown Mpinganjira of the UDF. Observing that the DPP had never participated in an election (it was founded in 2005), Tembo argued that he and the MCP had the experience to govern the country properly: "I belong to the past, I belong to the present and I also belong to the future."

Observers expected a close election between the two strongest candidates, Mutharika and Tembo. While Tembo enjoyed the united backing of the country's two most established and powerful parties—the MCP and the UDF—he faced an incumbent president who had presided over strong economic growth of 8%, and the outcome was considered uncertain.

Ultimately, Mutharika won an overwhelming victory in the election, according to official results, and Tembo alleged fraud. Afterwards, some in the MCP called for the party to recognize Mutharika's victory and for Tembo to resign as MCP President. Tembo refused and vowed to legally challenge the results. He was re-elected as the MP for Dedza South in the concurrent parliamentary election. The MCP's strength in parliament was seriously reduced in the election, as it retained only 25 MPs, while Mutharika's DPP secured a large majority of seats; nevertheless, the MCP remained the second largest party in the National Assembly. When Tembo was sworn in again as an MP on 2 June 2009, he vowed that he would continue as Leader of the Opposition during the 2009–2014 parliamentary term, despite apparently substantial dissent within the MCP.

Parliament initially refused to recognize Tembo as Leader of the Opposition, but in late August 2009 the High Court ordered it to do so on an interim basis.

As MCP President, Tembo opposed the government's move to change the national flag in mid-2010, arguing that the government was "playing with serious matters of the state and the constitution put up by our forefathers."

At a party convention held in August 2013, delegates overwhelmingly opposed, through a voice vote, changing the MCP's constitution to allow Tembo to stand for a third term as MCP President. Lazarus Chakwera was then elected to succeed Tembo on 10 August 2013. Handing over the party leadership to Chakwera on 11 August, Tembo urged party members to unite behind his successor: "He is the only hope MCP and Malawi has to restore the development we have been dreaming about". Saying that he intended to retire from politics, Tembo reflected on his age: "Yes, I am old. Most of my friends died. But everyone's life is in God's hands." Later in the month, Tembo said that he intended to spend his retirement "reading, writing, and farming", although for the time being he continued to serve as an MP and as Leader of the Opposition. He denied that the MCP delegates had been opposing him when they refused to change the party constitution, saying that he had previously expressed his wish to retire and that the delegates had therefore simply honored his wishes.

After a parliamentary career dating back more than 50 years, Tembo confirmed on 22 September 2013 that he would not stand for re-election as the MP for Dezda South in the 2014 parliamentary election.

Personal life and death
Tembo was married to Ruth Tembo, who predeceased him. He is the father of Chimwemwe Dudu, John Jr, Thabo Themba, and Dalitso.

John Tembo died of pneumonia on 27 September 2023, at the age of 91.

title: John Tembo


text:
Western Wisconsin Derecho

The Western Wisconsin Derecho was a derecho, or severe weather system, that occurred through several counties of Western Wisconsin on July 15, 1980. It caused $240 million in damage (equivalent to $ million in ) -- the largest storm damage total in Wisconsin history to that point. Three people died. The storm is still referred to as The July 15th Storm, July 15th, 1980, or simply The Storm.

Prelude
The storm developed during the devastating heat wave of 1980. Eight of the previous nine days in the Twin Cities had highs above 90 F. The high on July 11, 1980 was 100 F. On July 14, 1980, the day before the storm, the high was 99 F; the overnight low was a sticky 79 F.

The storm
At 2 p.m. on the afternoon of July 15, 1980, a weak area of low pressure was stationed over eastern South Dakota, adjacent to a warm front that extended southeast through southern Minnesota into eastern Iowa. Ahead (north) of the warm front was an area of hot, dry air: the high temperature for the day at Eau Claire was 93 F and 93 F in the Twin Cities. South of the front was very humid, hot air: Cedar Rapids, Iowa had a high temperature of 98 F.

As the afternoon progressed, the warm front moved into the drier air to the north, pulling with it the moist air over the dry air. Regional meteorologists were aware of the potential for thunderstorms because of the low pressure system and the intense heat and moisture. The storm system formed in eastern Minnesota during the early evening of July 15, 1980, when a 30-year-old female boater was killed on Prior Lake. Winds were estimated at 110 mph. Storm damage in Minnesota approached $43 million.

Entering Wisconsin around 7:30 p.m., the storm devastated approximately 4800 sqmi of St Croix, Pierce, Dunn, Eau Claire, Chippewa, and Clark counties; the band of damage was more than 40 mi wide. The greatest destruction occurred from Menomonie through Eau Claire. A maximum wind speed of 97 kn was recorded at the Chippewa Valley Regional Airport at 8:48 p.m., blowing away the airport's anemometer; 100 mph wind was recorded in the city of Eau Claire. At 9:39 p.m., WEAU-TV broadcast an alert from the National Weather Service regarding one of several tornado warnings that evening for Eau Claire County; moments later, the station lost power and went off-the-air. Seven of the city's eight radio stations were still off-the-air the next morning. Up to 97 percent of Northern States Power customers in Eau Claire were left without power following the storm. After seven days, 20,000 customers still had no power.

By 10 p.m., with the most intense part of the storm winding down, the area of low pressure was directly over western Wisconsin. Behind the low, air had cooled considerably, with the Twin Cities reporting temperatures in the upper 60s (°F). In addition to being tremendously destructive, the storm was considerably long-lived. The same system produced severe derechos through Illinois and Michigan overnight and into the following day. The system was estimated to have caused $650 million ($ billion in ) in damage across the four states.

Tornadoes
Although much of the storm's damage was caused by straight-line winds (see downburst), several tornadoes were reported.

Aftermath
One hard-hit area of Eau Claire was the Mill Run subdivision, at the time a part of the Town of Union, now a neighborhood on the city's north side. Many homes in the neighborhood were destroyed. Across US-12 from Mill Run are the headquarters of the home improvement retailer Menards, which also sustained major damage. Six residents of the Stardust Estates mobile home court were injured in the storm.

A 25-year-old Dunn County woman was killed when a refrigerator in her mobile home fell on her during the storm.

Farm losses
Farm property was hit very hard, with Dunn County receiving the worst damage. It was estimated that more than $27M of damage was done just to farm buildings in that county, and $8M in crops. More than 10,000 farms were initially without power after the storm. Wisconsin National Guard and the DNR delivered water to farms. There were reports of cattle that had gone without water for 36 hours.

Numerous concrete stave silos on the small Wisconsin dairy farms were blown in half with only the bottom half showing.

It also caused the bankruptcy of the Martel Mutual Fire Insurance Company, which inexplicably did not have re-insurance coverage. Thus, many farmers had to pay hundreds or thousands of dollars in assessments to cover the final losses of the insurance company.

Political controversy
Four counties affected by the storm were declared federal disaster areas on 24 July by President Jimmy Carter. Approximately $3.3M of public property in Eau Claire County was damaged in the storm. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) would have covered that entire amount in theory. But at some point that year, the rule was changed on what FEMA would cover, which amounted to only 75%. That left better more than $800,000 for Wisconsin to pay. No one notified the states when the rule was changed.

Theories for the change in coverage include the massive influx of Cubans into the country; the Mount St. Helens eruption of 18 May; the severe tornadoes in Grand Island, Nebraska in June; and flooding in western Pennsylvania during August. The federal government's budget was badly impacted by these and other disasters. In all, there were 22 major disaster declarations in 1980.

Compounding problems for the state was that the storm occurred in an election year. Frustrated Wisconsin officials, including Governor Lee Dreyfus, were not prepared for the difficulty in dealing with the federal government during such a time.

Property damage (1980 dollars)

 * Total damage was initially estimated at nearly $160 million.
 * Eau Claire County $60,983,650
 * Dunn County: $38,572,000
 * Pierce County: $29,557,000
 * Chippewa County: $10,675,000
 * Public property: $7,359,500
 * Timber losses: $14,518,000
 * Later calculations brought the number to $240 million.
 * Public facilities such as electric cooperatives, highways, and highway signs: $26,500,000
 * Private property (excluding rural structures): $87,200,000
 * Agricultural losses: $104,300,000
 * Lost wages due to power outages: $4,800,000
 * Timber losses: $16,500,000

title: Western Wisconsin Derecho


text:
Christine Wallace

Christine Wallace (born 1960) is an Australian political journalist, biographer and academic. She is currently an Australian Research Council DECRA fellow at the National Centre of Biography, Australian National University.

Her publications include biographies of John Hewson (1993), Germaine Greer (1997), and Don Bradman (2004).

Education
Wallace is a graduate of the Australian National University (BA, politics and history), University of Sydney (BEc) and the Australian Graduate School of Management (MBA).

In 2015, she completed her PhD (Australian National University) on political biography as political intervention.

Political journalist
Wallace was a member of the Canberra Press Gallery and worked for a wide range of print and electronic media outlets including The Australian, The Australian Financial Review, Business Review Weekly, ABC Television, 666 ABC Canberra and the Adelaide radio station 5AA.

After a decade of political and economic journalism, she became a full-time writer in Sydney following the 1996 Australian federal election.

Biographer
Wallace has published three biographies.

 * Former leader of the Australian Liberal Party, John Hewson.
 * Hewson: A Portrait (1993) Sun Australia, ISBN 978-0-7251-0723-9
 * Feminist and public intellectual, Germaine Greer. The biography was unauthorised, and Greer called Wallace a "flesh-eating bacterium" and the book "a piece of excrement".
 * Germaine Greer, Untamed Shrew (1997) Pan Macmillan, ISBN 0-7329-0866-3; (1998) Faber and Faber, ISBN 978-0-571-19934-1
 * Cricketer Sir Don Bradman, based on the 1953 to 1977 correspondence between Bradman and Rohan Rivett, the editor of Adelaide newspaper, The News.
 * The Private Don (2004) Allen & Unwin, ISBN 978-1-74114-475-8

She also wrote, but did not publish, an unauthorised biography of Julia Gillard when she was Prime Minister. The book was to be called Julia Gillard: unauthorised, and was to be published by Allen & Unwin in 2011. It was allocated an ISBN, 978-1-74175-848-1, but never published.

Her 2023 book, Political Lives: Australian prime ministers and their biographers, was shortlisted for the Australian History Prize at the New South Wales Premier's History Awards in the same year.

Academic
In 2015, she was awarded her PhD for a thesis entitled The Silken Cord: Contemporaneous 20th Century Prime Ministerial Biography in Australia and Its Meaning. It explores the idea of political biography as political intervention, through the contemporaneous political biography of twentieth century Australian politicians.

In 2017, the Australian Research Council awarded Wallace a Discovery Early Career Researcher Award (DECRA) for a post-doctoral study entitled The Caseys and Pat Jarrett in Washington, 1940–1942. It will study Australian Minister Richard Gardiner 'Dick' Casey, his wife Maie Casey and their press aide Patricia 'Pat' Jarrett, who served in Washington during 1940–41.

She currently holds her DECRA fellowship at the National Centre of Biography, Australian National University.

Personal life
Wallace is married to Michael Costello, a former senior Australian public servant.

title: Christine Wallace


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Talk:Haptoglobin

Untitled
huge edit here guys, spelling still needed. Source is labtestsonline.com, will add source later. HolyMongoose 16:45, 28 September 2006 (UTC)

It is wrong to consider that haptoglobin binds to free iron. In fact, haptoglobin has no relation with iron, it is transferrin the protein that binds iron and transports it in the blood. Haptoglobin binds to '''hemoglobin with a high affinity. The complex haptoglobin-hemoglobin is cleared''' rapidly from the plasma by the liver

Casual research suggests that haptoglobulin refers to either an antibody against Hp or an antigen on the HP molecule to which an antibody would bind. It would be accurate to describe the assay to measure Hp levels as either a "haptoglobin assay" in that it measures Hp levels or a "haptoglobulin assay" because haptoglobulin is the reagent used. I adjusted all references to the blood protein itself to "haptoglobin" rather than "haptoglobulin".NScrutable (talk) 02:59, 10 April 2010 (UTC)

Low hemoglobin, normal reticulocyte
The case of low hemoglobin with normal reticulocyte levels isn't addressed in the interpretation section. Is this because it never occurs? If so, perhaps that should be noted. Samuel Webster (talk) 14:37, 27 June 2015 (UTC)

Adipose tissue and role in obesity/inflammation
10.1210/er.2016-1009 Endocrine Rev JFW | T@lk  12:38, 26 June 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Haptoglobin


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Itacoatiara

Itacoatiara is one of the 48 official neighborhoods into which the city of Niterói, Rio de Janeiro in Brazil is divided.

Beach
Itacoatiara beach is located about 30 minutes east of downtown Niterói by car, or one hour by bus.

Itacoatiara is a beach with fine golden sands and bright blue (sometimes green) water. The main beach is open to the Atlantic Ocean and is dangerous for the casual swimmer while offering ideal conditions for water sports. The left side of the beach ends with a rock face called Costão, and there is a wave-sheltered small beach on the right side called Prainha (little beach), which is separated from the main beach by a big rock that serves as its shelter, and which is frequented by small children and their parents.

Surfing
The place is famous for offering the ideal conditions for the practices of surfing, bodysurfing and bodyboarding during most of the year.

At Itacoatiara, the Atlantic Ocean produces fast and hollow waves, usually ranging from 3 to 6 feet, but on frequent occasions they might swell up to 4 meters (12 feet). A few times per year a huge southeast swell can produce larger waves of up to 5 meters (15 feet) but a swell that strong rarely offers acceptable surfing conditions.

There are three main beach breaks in the beach. They are named Costão (on the left side), Meio (middle) and Pampo (on the right side), each breaking differently depending on swell direction and size. Behind the limiting rock between the main beach and the small, wave-sheltered Prainha (little beach), there is a point break named Shock due to its extremely dangerous surfing conditions, with rocks protruding from the sea floor above the water level. Shock starts working on bigger swells.

Climbing
Itacoatiara is a place especially appreciated by the climbers and offers many routes of different climbing styles. Bouldering is practiced at the square commonly called "Pracinha". The Serra da Tiririca State Park is also located there and was recognised by UNESCO as a World Biosphere Reserve. It offers many climbing routes of abseiling and of the following different styles: traditional climbing, sport climbing and aid climbing.

title: Itacoatiara


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Valsequillo

Valsequillo may refer to the following places:

 * Valsequillo de Gran Canaria, a municipality on the island of Gran Canaria in the province of Las Palmas in the Canary Islands.
 * Valsequillo, Córdoba, a municipality and a village in the province of Córdoba
 * A reservoir and area south of Puebla, Mexico, known for its Pleistocene remains (see Hueyatlaco)

title: Valsequillo


title: File:ChevellePointNo1.jpg


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User talk:Radhe2k

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If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then one should be added. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the GFDL-self tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, consider reading fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

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title: User talk:Radhe2k


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Corinna Harney

Corinna Harney (born February 20, 1972) is an American model and actress. She was chosen as Playboy's Playmate of the Month for August 1991 and Playboy's Playmate of the Year for 1992. Harney is sometimes credited as Corina Harney, Corinna Harney-Jones, or Corinna Harney Jones.

Career
Harney considers her start in the entertainment industry when she took her first ballet class at three years old. Her first acting job was when she was in the fourth grade with Dick Van Patten for a Blue Cross-Blue Shield commercial. She had also begun doing print modeling around that same time.

After her first appearance in Playboy, Harney was featured in a series of Playboy videos, as well as appearing in minor roles in television series such as Nash Bridges and CSI and the movie National Lampoon's Vegas Vacation.

After appearing in various roles, she and a friend produced a film called Pitcher and the Pin-up. Harney has worked on or had roles in a series of projects since, including a web-series called Wedded Bliss, a film called The Ivory Curse, a Sinclair Oil commercial, a movie called Ryder and Julina, and an independent film called Sins of our Youth, which also features Super 8 actor Joel Courtney.

Personal life
Harney was born in Bremerhaven, West Germany and claims Irish and Cherokee descent. She is the sister of Dorinda Harney. Harney spent most of her childhood life in Las Vegas, Nevada, where her father was a state trooper for the Nevada Highway Patrol. Harney graduated from Bonanza High School in Las Vegas.

She now lives in the Los Angeles Area, but she also maintains a home in Las Vegas. Harney is married and has a daughter.

Feature films

 * Pitcher and the Pin-up a.k.a. The Road Home (2003)
 * Rat Race (2001) (as Corinna Harney Jones)
 * Vegas Vacation (1997) (as Corinna Harney Jones)
 * Vampirella (1996)

TV guest appearances

 * CSI: Crime Scene Investigation playing "Girl Gone Wild" (as Corinna Harney Jones) in episode: "The Accused Is Entitled" (episode # 3.2) October 3, 2002
 * Nash Bridges playing "Waitress" (as Corinna Harney-Jones) in episode: "Jackpot: Part 2" (episode # 5.22) May 19, 2000
 * High Tide in episode: "Mermaid" (episode # 2.5) October 22, 1995
 * Speeders on Tru TV

title: Corinna Harney


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Enchantress (Marvel Comics)

Enchantress is the common primary alias of two fictional characters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The first of these is a powerful sorceress with the real name of Amora, one of Thor's greatest enemies. The second Enchantress is the young Sylvie Lushton, who was given great mystic powers by Loki when he created her as a tool for chaos. She models herself after the original Enchantress, Amora.

In the Marvel Cinematic Universe / Disney+ series Loki, Sophia Di Martino portrays Sylvie, a variant of Loki inspired by both the Sylvie Lushton incarnation of the Enchantress.

Publication history
Amora's first appearance in the Marvel Universe took place in Journey into Mystery #103 (April 1964), where she tried and failed to seduce Thor away from Jane Foster.

The second Enchantress, Sylvie, first appeared in Dark Reign: Young Avengers #1 (July 2009), where she was confronted by the Young Avengers.

Amora
The Enchantress' parentage is unknown, though it is known she was born in Asgard and has a sister by the name of Lorelei. Amora began learning magic as an apprentice of Karnilla, Queen of the Norns, but was eventually banished. She continued learning magic on her own, notably by seducing others well versed in magic and learning their secrets. In time, Amora became one of the more powerful magic-wielders in Asgard, with her magical arsenal focused on (but not limited to) charming and mind-controlling people. Her by-then well-renowned beauty did not hinder in this.

In her first appearance, she is sent by Odin to eliminate Thor's human love interest, whom Odin sees as a distraction. She also hopes to have the thunder god for herself. She is assisted by a powerful minion — Skurge, the Executioner. The Executioner loved the Enchantress, and she strings him along with her feminine wiles, using him as her muscle. She aids Loki by attempting to seduce Thor in his Don Blake identity and by sending the Executioner to kill Jane Foster. Although the Executioner traps Foster in another dimension, Thor is able to bring her back by giving Skurge his hammer. When the Enchantress begins to turn Skurge into a tree (for returning Foster) Skurge releases Thor from the pact in exchange for his help. Amora then tries to change Thor's hammer into a hissing serpent, but it is immune to her magic. Thor then transports the two back to Asgard.

The Enchantress and the Executioner are exiled to Earth by Odin. They become members of Baron Heinrich Zemo's original Masters of Evil, the opposite number to the Avengers, a superhero team that Thor had joined. The Enchantress hypnotizes Thor into attacking the other Avengers with her own spells and a special brew, making him believe they are enemies of humanity, but Iron Man wakes Thor from his trance by reflecting sunlight into his eyes. Thor sends the Masters to another dimension through a space warp, but two issues later, the Enchantress uses a spell to send them back to Earth. She recruits Wonder Man into the Masters of Evil after paying his bail. She also meets Immortus, who helps Zemo attack the Avengers. When this attempt fails, she turns back time to prevent it from happening, though the Masters retain their memories of this event. When Immortus begins to contact the Masters, the Enchantress prevents this from happening. She then joins in the Masters of Evil's final assault against the Avengers and breaks the Black Knight and Melter out of jail. She manages to escape in the end with the Executioner when the other two are transported to another dimension where their weapons rebound due to different scientific laws. As a member of the Masters of Evil, the Enchantress (and Executioner) repeatedly face the Avengers. She is especially affronted by the attempts of the Scarlet Witch, a mortal, to subvert her divine spells, though she is occasionally genuinely challenged by the Scarlet Witch's mutant gifts.

With the Executioner, she menaces Jane Foster again at Loki's behest.

The Enchantress is also notable in that she has given other superhumans their powers. For example, she used the deceased Zemo's equipment to make a henchman of his, Erik Josten, into the original Power Man, who aids her in battling the Avengers. Her illusions and traps turn the city against the Avengers, forcing them to disband and making Power Man seem like a hero. Captain America, in disguise, corrects this by obtaining a taped confession from the Enchantress and Power Man. Power Man is able to defeat him, but the Enchantress is knocked out by gas from Hawkeye's arrow. Realizing the tape is on its way to the police, the Enchantress used her spells to teleport away. The Enchantress is then recruited by the Mandarin, along with the Executioner, Swordsman, Power Man, and Living Laser for his plan for world domination. With the Executioner, she attacked the Asian sub-continent with an army of trolls, but they were defeated by Hercules and the Scarlet Witch.

Amora poses as the Valkyrie and forms the Lady Liberators, which battle the male Avengers. She dupes Arkon into fighting the Avengers. Amora also uses her magics to make Samantha Parrington and later Barbara Norris into the Valkyrie. With the Executioner, she battles the Defenders and the Thing.

With the Executioner, Amora attempts to conquer Asgard with a troll army. She also served as Loki's lieutenant in his brief rule of Asgard.

During the "Secret Wars," she is placed on the villains's side, but she spurns the idea of fighting a gladiatorial game for the amusement of a higher being. She instead proposes to Thor that the two of them simply join forces, leave both heroes and villains behind, and go back home to Asgard.

On the appearance of Amora's sister Lorelei, it is established that the two sisters have something of a strained relationship, rooted in rivalry. More than a little friction is seen between the pair, not the least due to competition over which one of them would manage to seduce Thor.

The Enchantress joined the Asgardian gods and heroes in final battle against the world-ender Surtur. She establishes that she is motivated by enlightened self-interest: Surtur seeks to end the world, in which case Amora would perish.

Soon after the Surtur War, Thor leads a number of Asgardian heroes to Hel, the realm of the death goddess Hela. The Executioner asks Thor to let him join the expedition for reasons he does not immediately reveal. In truth, he had seen the Enchantress dallying with Heimdall, and, heartbroken, Skurge wishes to lose himself in a noble cause — such as rescuing lost souls from Hela. Thor's forces accomplish their mission but need one man to guard their retreat from Hel by holding the bridge Gjallerbru. The Executioner, knowing there was no more Amora for him, chooses to be that man, giving his life so the others might flee. When Amora hears the news, to everyone's surprise, she is truly grief-stricken.

After Skurge's death, Amora continues her regular tricks, both helping Asgard and opposing it on occasion. She aids Asgard against the evil Egyptian God Seth's legions.

Lorelei later perishes as Amora refused to give her life for her sister's. The deceased Skurge (in Valhalla) rejects the Enchantress, and Amora goes on to empower the Earthman Brute Benhurst into a short-lived new Executioner to serve as her minion in Skurge's stead. Amora becomes vexed with the Avenger Wonder Man and assists Thor and the Warriors Three in their quest to return Odin to the throne of Asgard. During this time, an attraction between Amora and Asgard's guardian Heimdall is explored. Amora even battles the powerful entity Nightmare on behalf of both of them as Heimdall was unable to protect himself at the time. She ultimately rejects Heimdall when she realizes that he wishes to be married and she does not.

In Acts of Vengeance, Amora and Skurge join forces and attack Doctor Strange, only to be bested by Clea when she flies to his aid.

Later, Thor has been spurned by his father Odin, exiled to Earth and disempowered. In this vulnerable state, Thor ends up forming a willing liaison with Amora, with the two of them living out of a loft in New York City as lovers. This status quo would remain until Thor goes missing during Heroes Reborn and is presumed dead.

During Ragnarök, Amora is present with the other Asgardian deities and dwarves when Eitri and his brothers are sealed into a tomb they had carved due to the Mjolnir mold destroying them, albeit accidentally. When Surtur's forging of new Mjolnirs creates chaos, Thor attempts to fly to the skies to discern the source, but is at once struck down by a blast from a Mjolnir duplicate of Loki's; Amora is slain by the same blast, one of the first victims of Loki during this event. Neither her magic nor her inherent durability is capable of shielding her. Heimdall falls soon afterward; Amora is not seen again except, seemingly, in one of the realms of death, unable to use her magic to assist her once-lover.

After Ragnarök, when Thor, Asgard and the other Asgardians return, Thor is manipulated by Loki into inadvertently awakening some of Thor's enemies, among them Amora, though when she was last seen, she is the victim, falling by Loki's hands and mourned by Thor and the other Asgardians. She does not return to Asgard but instead goes to attack the world tree, Yggdrasil in order to resurrect Skurge and release him from Valhalla. Amora is ultimately thwarted after Thor, Loki, and Balder convince her that she is dishonoring his memory with her actions.

During the "Dark Reign" storyline, Quasimodo researched Enchantress for Norman Osborn. While giving a word of caution that Enchantress is a seductress, Quasimodo states that she can be a valuable ally in the area of sorcery and advises Osborn to find a way to make her fear him as it is the only way to avoid being crossed.

She has returned after Thor's resurrection, with Donald Blake - bitter about his separation from Thor and his non-existent past - offering the Enchantress his soul if she can make him a god again. The resulting god is a twisted abomination, with Thor defeating the Enchantress and her new god before banishing them from Asgard, leaving Blake - reduced to a living head after his body was consumed to create the god - connected to a series of dream-weaving creatures to make him dream that he is living a full life.

After this Amora was defeated by Thor and banished to the forest in Norway. She was trapped in an Odinforce barrier and stripped of her powers. Lady Deathstrike and Typhoid Mary were on a quest to find Arkea, an intelligent gestalt microorganism capable of controlling machines and people. They found Amora and offered to help her regain her powers. In exchange they founded a new sisterhood to battle the X-Men, who were hunting Arkea and Lady Deathstrike. Arkea hacked the Odinforce spell and restored Amora's full powers. In exchange for this, Amora restored the physical form of the immortal mutant witch, Selene, and helped Arkea resurrect Madelyne Pryor. Before the Sisterhood could add more members, the X-Men attacked and killed Arkea. Amora was ambushed by the X-Man M, who defeated her in a surprise attack. However, Madelyne Pryor swore to continue the Sisterhood, which presently has Madelyne, Selene, Lady Deathstrike, Amora, and Typhoid Mary as members.

During the "AXIS" storyline, Enchantress appears as a member of Magneto's unnamed supervillain group during the fight against Red Skull's Red Onslaught form. After the heroes and villains present at the battle experience a moral inversion due to the Scarlet Witch and Doctor Doom's attempt to bring out the Xavier in Onslaught backfiring, Magneto recruits Enchantress as one of his new 'Avengers' to stop the now-villainous Avengers and X-Men.

Following the "Secret Wars" storyline, she has become a member of Malekith the Accursed's Dark Council. Through a spell, she takes control of the queen of the Light Elves, allowing her marriage to Malekith to happen and the conquest of their realm.

During the "War of the Realms" storyline, Enchantress accompanies Malekith the Accursed in his invasion on Midgard. She and Kurse fight Ghost Rider and She-Hulk until Jane Foster slams Skidbladnir into Enchantress. In Uruguay, the Enchantress raises the dead, but Ghost Rider, Doctor Strange, and Balder ward her off.

Sylvie Lushton
A member of the Young Masters surfaces having modeled herself on Amora the Enchantress and takes on her teammate Melter as her lover. The new Enchantress is revealed to be an adolescent who had been given powers by Loki so that he could use her in his schemes. However, she truly believes that she is an Asgardian that had been exiled from Asgard and sent to live in New York where she joined the Young Masters. She admits to the first team of Young Avengers that she is Sylvie Lushton from Broxton, Oklahoma, who suddenly gained magic powers. Sylvie seems to have powers and abilities similar to those of the original Enchantress, despite looking far younger, and speaking with a noticeable lisp. Sylvie has a strong desire to become a Young Avenger and even used her magic to change her teammates' minds so that they would want her on the team as well.

After a series of try-outs, Sylvie is initially accepted as a new addition to the Young Avengers. However, as a plan to end Sylvie's future with the Young Avengers, her teammates Big Zero and Egghead download the results of an analysis they had run on her into the Vision's cybernetic mind. The analysis verifies that Sylvie is an unwitting trap for the Young Avengers' magical defense systems created by Loki and Wiccan immediately has her banned from the Young Avengers' hideout. A distraught and confused Sylvie then asks her teammates to avenge her, eventually resulting in a confrontation between the two teams and Norman Osborn's team of Dark Avengers. During the conflict, Wiccan reveals to her that she was given magical powers by Loki. However, he states that the team still wants her, but that her hasty banning was only to quickly remove her from the premises so that he could alter the magical defenses to compensate for Loki's traps. Convinced by Wiccan that being an Avenger is about who one chooses to be despite one's origins, she, Coat of Arms, and Wiccan manage to magically remove the Sentry from the battlefield and turn the tide of the fight against the Young Masters and the Dark Avengers. Melter requests a quick escape so that they can have more time to decide what they will choose to do as either superheroes or supervillains, and Sylvie complies, teleporting the Young Masters away.

Enchantress eventually returns, this time in the employ of Jeremy Briggs. She attempts to assist Jeremy in his goal of stripping Earth's superhumans of their powers, but abandons him after being injured by White Tiger. She later battles the Fearless Defenders as a hired enforcer of Caroline le Fey, but is defeated.

In the "Avengers Undercover" series, Enchantress was with the Young Masters when they are seen as members of the Shadow Council's Masters of Evil where the Young Masters make their headquarters in Constrictor's Snakepit.

In the "All-New, All-Different Marvel," Enchantress joins up with Hood's incarnation of the Illuminati. It is later revealed that the current Enchantress of the new Illuminati is actually Sylvie with the original "Enchantress" being an assumed name. She is eventually confronted by the original Enchantress, who banishes her to a hostile realm.

Powers and abilities
The Enchantress is a member of the race of superhumans known as Asgardians, and as such possesses superhuman strength, speed, stamina, and durability but prefers to avoid physical conflicts. She possesses an innate capacity to manipulate ambient magical energy, honed through practice for a variety of effects, including projecting magical power bolts, interdimensional teleportation of multiple Asgardians and non-Asgardians, protective energy shields, illusion casting, levitation, conjuration, transmutation (even of Asgardians), telekinesis, time-disruption, mind switching, and mind control. She has used her sorcery to enhance her natural beauty and allure, and to enchant her lips so that by kissing virtually any man she can make him her slave for about a week, unless she renews the treatment. She can also use her magic to heal any of her injuries rapidly, and possesses limited mystical senses. She can also absorb an opponent's life force to temporarily increase her own powers. A prolonged absence from Asgard tends to diminish her powers although they never fade completely. The Enchantress has been described as one of the most powerful sorceresses in Asgard, second only to Karnilla, although their every direct confrontation has ended in a stalemate until interrupted. However, Amora's sister Lorelei was later also enhanced beyond her own abilities. The Enchantress has a gifted intellect, and possesses extensive knowledge of Asgardian mystic and amatory arts. On occasion, the Enchantress employs various mystical artifacts, potions, and power objects, such as the crystalline gem in which she entrapped Brunnhilde the Valkyrie's soul, and the potion she used to increase her hypnotic power over Thor in The Avengers #7. It has been shown that Enchantress is unable to access her spells when her hands are bound and her mouth is gagged.

Initially unbeknownst to her, Enchantress II's powers are given to her by Loki. Wiccan states that she may not fully understand how powerful she truly is. Her powers and abilities appear similar to those of the original Enchantress. She is able to teleport many people instantly, maintain a secret fortress with her magic, and transform objects and people into whatever she desires, such as turning several henchmen into frogs. She also demonstrated power enough to stop both the Young Avengers and Young Masters during their battle and separate them.

Connection to Norse mythology
Unlike many of Marvel's Asgardians, Amora is not actually based on a goddess from Norse mythology. In the limited series Thor: Ages of Thunder the Enchantress is said to have been referred to by many names throughout history including; Freyja, Gefn and Iduna, and is linked to many of the myths associated with these goddesses (e.g. as keeper of the golden apples). However, these stories were set during previous cycles of Ragnarok and characters based on some of these goddesses (Freya and Idunn ) exist separately in the current Marvel Universe.

Critical reception
Drew Atchison of Screen Rant referred to the Enchantress as one of the "best Thor villains from the comics," writing, "Magic is used a lot in comics. Many use it for good but some like Amora the Enchantress, use it for far more villainous and vile reasons. A powerful Asgardian witch, Amora has cast powerful spells over Thor, Asgard, and other characters, making herself an iconic foe that the thunderer always seems to face at some point." Sara Century of Syfy called the Enchantress a "feminist dreambae," saying, "Amora the Enchantress first showed up way back in Journey Into Mystery #103 (1964), and she’s been punking most of the Marvel Universe ever since. Amora arrived on the scene to assist Loki in taking Thor down, and their inevitable failure kicked off a long and storied career for her as a bae with a dark side. As one of mainstream comics' few female characters fully in control of her own sexual agency, and one of the Thor series' most sympathetic villains, Amora hasn’t always been written perfectly, but she’s definitely always been an object of our affections. Being bae is quite literally her superpower." Jesse Schedeen and Joshua Yehl of IGN said, "Thor is happy to battle Frost Giants, Fire Demons, and dragons all day long -- if it can be smashed with a hammer, it's right up his alley. That's why The Enchantress is one of his greatest villains; her schemes can't be overcome simply by swinging at it with Mjolnir. A skilled trickster and sorceress, the Enchantress won’t rest until she possesses everything she desires. And it just so happens that she desires the god of thunder."

Adjanni Ramos of CBR.com wrote, "Amora the Enchantress working alongside Loki in a plot against Thor is as classic as the Sinister Six fighting Spider-Man. Ever since early Thor comics, Amora and Loki have worked together because of a common goal to defeat the God of Thunder; although, in Amora's case, it's usually to make him fall for her. Some iterations of the duo have even depicted Amora as having feelings for Loki, but the two have always served as classic Thor-Villains Duo." Noah Bell of Collider stated, "The Enchantress, known as Amora, is a skilled sorceress and master manipulator. One of Thor's most iconic villains, a live-action depiction of the character seems long overdue at this point. With her focus on manipulation and mind games, Amora could be an interesting change of pace for villains in the Thor franchise. While Thor has gotten out of most situations with his strength, an encounter with the Enchantress could show more of the Asgardian's brains in action." Marc Buxton of Den of Geek asserted, "Amora was a founding member of the Masters of Evil and it is about time Marvel focus their energies on a worthy female adversary for their heroes. It can be argued that she is the greatest villainess in the Marvel Universe and it is time the world came under Amora’s spell."

Accolades

 * In 2018, Den of Geek included the Enchantress in their "Thor 4: The Marvel Villains We Want to See" list.
 * In 2019, CBR.com ranked the Enchantress 10th in their "20 Powerful Female Marvel Characters We Hope To See In The MCU's Phase Four" list and included her in their "Thor 4: Five Characters We Hope to See in the MCU Sequel" list.
 * In 2019, IGN ranked the Enchantress 23rd in their "Top 25 Marvel Villains" list.
 * In 2020, Scary Mommy included the Enchantress in their "195+ Marvel Female Characters Are Truly Heroic" list.
 * In 2020, CBR.com ranked the Enchantress 9th in their "Marvel Comics: The Strongest Magic Users" list.
 * In 2022, Collider included the Enchantress in their "Thor: 10 Characters We Want to See in a Fifth Movie" list.
 * In 2022, Screen Rant ranked the Enchantress 7th in their "17 Best Thor Villains From The Comics" list and included her in their "10 Most Powerful Asgardian Gods In Marvel Comics" list.
 * In 2022, The Mary Sue ranked the Enchantress 8th in their "All of Thor’s Love Interests in Marvel Comics" list.
 * In 2022, Sideshow included the Enchantress in their "Marvel’s Most Masterful Witches" list.
 * In 2022, CBR.com ranked the Enchantress 5th in their "10 Deadliest Female Villains In Marvel Comics" list and 7th in their "10 Strongest Asgardians In The Comics" list.
 * In 2022, Screen Rant included Amora the Enchantress in their "10 Marvel Comics Gods Who Should Join The MCU Next" list.

Heroes Reborn
An alternate version of Amora the Enchantress appears in the Heroes Reborn universe. She approaches the Scarlet Witch with the revelation that she was her daughter. This was a ruse as she wanted to use Wanda in Loki's plans to defeat the Avengers.

Marvel 2099
In the unified Marvel 2099 reality of Earth-2099, Amora the Enchantress survived into the 2090s. She was a member of the 2099 version of the Masters of Evil where they slaughtered the 2099 version of the Avengers. During the Masters of Evil's fight with the 2099 version of the Masters of Evil, Enchantress was defeated by Aero and Wave where the Masters of Evil were remanded to a prison on the planet Wakanda.

Marvel Zombies
An Earth-2149 Amora the Enchantress becomes a zombie in Marvel Zombies vs. The Army of Darkness as part of Marvel Zombies miniseries. She is imprisoned in the castle of Dr. Doom so that she does not contaminate the people. She masks her true decayed appearance with magic and portrays herself as a non-zombie to attract the attention of Ash so that she can be freed. Upon her release, she infects Dazzler—who was trying to show Ash what was going on—by biting off her finger. Doctor Doom, understanding Dazzler and Enchantress were beyond hope, kills them both.

Old Man Logan
In the pages of "Old Man Logan" that took place on Earth-21923, a flashback by the elderly Logan showed that Enchantress was among the villains who came together to take over the world. When in Manhattan, Enchantress fought She-Hulk, Daredevil, and Moon Knight. After Punisher killed Electro, Enchantress casts a spell that caused the sounds to be amplified enough for Daredevil's senses to go into overload for his head to explode. Enchantress is among the villains that attack Danielle Cage's group in Osborn City where they were killed by the insects summoned by Dwight Barrett's Ant-Man helmet.

Rule of Thor
In an alternate future where Thor conquers Earth seemingly for its own good, Amora the Enchantress marries Thor and they produce a child named Magni. This Enchantress and the entire future are neutralized when Thor realizes he has been acting without honor and travels back in time to warn his past self.

Ultimate Marvel
In the Ultimate Marvel universe, Amora appeared in New Ultimates #2 aiding Loki and a team of Asgardians who attempted to take down the New Ultimates. She seemingly has the power of persuasion to make people do whatever she wants. She convinces Valkyrie, Carol Danvers, and Zarda to betray the Ultimates. They win the fight against them, but later the remaining Ultimates return to fight them again. They manage to free them from Amora's spell by having Hawkeye shoot an arrow at Amora, almost killing her and breaking her concentration on the spell. Amora was angry at Loki for putting her in that position and decided to leave. Before she left, she warned him that now that Valkyrie died during the fight, Thor would have his revenge on him.

Television

 * Amora the Enchantress appears in the "Captain America" and "The Mighty Thor" segments of The Marvel Super Heroes, voiced by Peg Dixon.
 * Amora the Enchantress appears in The Super Hero Squad Show episode "Mental Organism Designed Only for Kisses!", voiced by Grey DeLisle.
 * Amora the Enchantress appears in The Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes, voiced by Kari Wahlgren. She works with the Executioner and Heinrich Zemo to bring the Masters of Evil together and oppose the Avengers on Loki's behalf. Following Zemo's betrayal however, the Enchantress seeks revenge on her former group, but Wonder Man causes them to disappear when they both attempted to claim a Norn Stone and the Enchantress falls under Surtur's control.
 * Amora the Enchantress appears in Avengers Assemble, voiced by Fryda Wolff. In the two-part episode "Avengers No More", she appears as a member of the Cabal, who collaborate to build a static expander capable of freezing the Avengers in place and scattering them across time and space. Even in spite of the New Avengers' interference, the Cabal succeed in their plans. In the episode "Under the Spell of the Enchantress", she brainwashes Thor to serve as her bodyguard, but Captain Marvel and Ms. Marvel free him. In the episode "Underworld", the Enchantress attempts to manipulate the Avengers into facilitating her escape from Battleworld, only to be apparently destroyed by one of the Beyonder's traps.
 * Amora the Enchantress appears in Marvel Future Avengers, voiced by Ayumi Yonemaru in Japanese and Kari Wahlgren in English. This version is a member of the Masters of Evil.
 * A character based partially on the Sylvie Lushton incarnation of the Enchantress, a female variant of Loki simply named Sylvie, appears in Loki, portrayed by Sophia Di Martino.

Film

 * Amora the Enchantress appears in Hulk vs. Thor, voiced again by Kari Wahlgren.
 * Amora the Enchantress makes a minor appearance in Thor: Tales of Asgard, voiced by Ashleigh Ball.

Video games

 * Amora the Enchantress appears as a boss in Marvel: Ultimate Alliance voiced by Gabrielle Carteris. This version is a lieutenant in Doctor Doom's Masters of Evil.
 * Amora the Enchantress appears in Marvel Super Hero Squad Online, voiced by Grey DeLisle.
 * Amora the Enchantress appears as a boss, later playable character, in Marvel: Avengers Alliance.
 * A teenage version of Amora the Enchantress appears in Marvel Avengers Academy, voiced by Laura Bailey.
 * Amora the Enchantress appears as a boss and playable character in Marvel Future Fight.
 * Amora the Enchantress appears as a playable character in Lego Marvel's Avengers via the "Masters of Evil" DLC pack.

Merchandise

 * The Enchantress received a figurine in The Classic Marvel Figurine Collection.
 * The Enchantress received a figure in Hasbro's Marvel Universe line via the Secret Wars sub-line as part of a two-pack with Thor.
 * The Enchantress received a figure in the Marvel Super Hero Squad line.
 * The Enchantress received two figures in Hasbro's Marvel Legends line, with the first being released as part of the San Diego Comic Con 2016 exclusive "The Raft" set.

Miscellaneous

 * The Enchantress appears in the HeroClix miniatures game.
 * The Enchantress has been announced for the Marvel Crisis Protocol miniatures game.

title: Enchantress (Marvel Comics)


text:
Wafangdian

Wafangdian, formerly Fuhsien (Fuxian) or Fu County , is one of the two "northern county-level cities", the other being Zhuanghe, under the administration of Dalian, located in the south of Liaoning province, China. The city is famous for its ball bearing industry. Wafangdian Bearing Factory is the largest bearing manufacturer in Asia and was initially built by the Japanese during World War II. Its area is 3576.40 km² and its permanent population is 942,197, compared to 1,024,876 registered with hukou permits. The city borders the prefecture-level city of Yingkou to the northeast.

Overview
Wafangdian City is located in the southwest of the Liaodong Peninsula, with a total area of 3793 km2 and a population of around 1.02 million. There are rich mines here. Wafangdian is a newly developed city of diamond in the East and its deposits of diamond account for 54% of the national proven diamond deposits. The deposits of the limestone reach over 400,000,000 cubic metres. Wafangdian is famous for bearings and apples in China. Wafangdian has solid industry base, fast-developing agriculture, convenient transportation and telecommunications.

Climate
Wafangdian has a four-season, monsoon-influenced, humid continental climate (Köppen Dwa), with long, cold, windy but dry winters, and humid and very warm summers. The area experiences a seasonal delay due to the influence of the nearby ocean, which also helps temper the summers. In winter, as the Liaodong Bay is typically frozen north of the urban area of Dalian, the moderating effects of that body of water are minimised, as the Siberian high often causes winds to blow from the northwest: the monthly daily average temperature in January is −6.8 °C, as compared to −3.9 °C in downtown Dalian. For Wafangdian, the same figure in August is 23.9 °C. The annual mean temperature is 9.9 °C. Close to half of the annual precipitation falls in July and August alone. The frost-free period is 165−185 days per annum.

Administrative divisions
There are 11 subdistricts, 13 towns, 6 townships, and 2 ethnic townships under the city's administration:

Economy

Wafangdian's basic industry is industry, agriculture, fishing, and mining. Bearing industry is the main income for the citizen. Nearly 50% population engage in the bearing business. It is called the "bearing capital" of China, more than 400 bearing factories in this city, including the Chinese No. 1 brand "ZWZ". Wafangdian also produces apples and other fruits. Its fishing industry prospers in the Bohai Sea. It is also noted for producing diamonds.

Wafangdian is also quickly industrialized. China's largest bearing company (ZWZ), established in 1938, is also located here. Wafangdian is also noted for the Changxing Island Seaport Industrial Area and Hongyanhe Nuclear Power Station.

For its sightseeing locations, there is Laomao Mountain, located in the eastern part, on the border with Pulandian City.

Coastal Area
Wafangdian has 461 kilometres of coastline and the annual aquatic output is over 250,000 tons including sea cucumber, prawn, clam, crab, mullet, Spanish mackerel, jellyfish, scallop, abalone and mantis-shrimp etc. The following thirteen towns and communes belong to this area: Changxingdao, Jiaoliudao, Donggang, Fuzhouwan, Paotai, Xianyuwan, Yongning, Xiyang, Tuoshan and Santai, etc.

Investment Area for the Agriculture and Native Products Process
Wafangdian has rich agriculture and native products. The total export value exceeds RMB 1 billion yuan in 1999. The main products include meat-chick, bee-honey, peanut, dried-gourd, burdock, horseradish, red-bean and other products. The products are mainly produced and processed in the following 14 towns: Fuzhoucheng Town, Laohutun Town, Paotai Town, Yong-ning Town, etc..

Subarea for Industry Production
Wafangdian has a solid industry base with complete product kinds. There are many industries such as bearings, parts for auto and the agriculture machinery, castings, machinery process, foodstuff, textile, and garment, etc.. The following towns and communes include this subarea: Yongning, Laohutun, Yandian, and the Subdistricts of Zhuhua, etc..

Investment Area for Fruit Process
Wafangdian has rich resources in fruit. The total output reached over 300,000 tons in 1999, The main fruits are as following: apple, pear, plum, peach, strawchew, apricot, and grape, etc.. Thirteen towns and communes belong to this subarea: Wanjialing, Songshu Tucheng, and Gangdian Subdistrict, etc..

Investment Subarea for Tourism and Service in Wafangdian
Wafangdian has a beach, sand, scenic spots, and a natural warm spring. All this provides good conditions for tours here. The following places are satisfied for tourism service, they are Changxingdiao Town, Liguan Town, Xutun Town, Xianyuwan Town, and Tuoshan Commune, etc.

Economic Development Zone
Wafangdian Economic Development Subarea is located in the south-west of Wafangdian. It is two kilometres from the centre of the city. The planned area of the Economic Development Zone is 2.9 km2 including the Hi-tech Garden, Industry Process Area, Storage and Transportation Area, Living Area and the Service Area and also there is the green area. The roads have been built now and the "five-through and one flat" engineering will be finished soon.

title: Wafangdian


text:
Rich Rosen

Rich Rosen (born May 13, 1956) is a software developer and an author on the subject of web development, who gained notoriety as an early high-volume contributor to Usenet newsgroups.

Early life and education
Rosen grew up in Forest Hills, Queens, New York. He attended Cornell University and later Queens College, where he received a bachelor's degree in computer science. He later received his master's degree in the same subject from Stevens Institute of Technology in Hoboken, New Jersey, while working at Bell Labs and later at Bellcore.

1980s - Bell Labs and Usenet
While at Bell Labs and Bellcore (now known as Telcordia Technologies) during the 1980s, Rosen was a lead engineer on the team that beta-tested IBM's then brand-new DB2 relational database management system, which would become one of the first commercially available relational database systems on the market. He also developed one of the earliest online bulletin board systems used to keep telephone operating companies informed about Bell System software standards.

He also acquired a reputation there as a high-volume poster to Usenet newsgroups. The volume of Usenet postings he produced led to rumors that many people were actually using his account, or that he was an AI program produced by Bell Labs to increase the amount of Usenet traffic and thus augment AT&T's long distance telephone revenues. Weekly statistics collected during his heyday often showed that he, by himself, was responsible for more than 2% of the entire volume of Usenet postings. The phrase "We are all Rich Rosen" was coined during this period and persisted as a Usenet catchphrase for a number of years.

Rosen posted in a number of newsgroups on a variety of topics, most particularly music and religion. Among his contributions:
 * Rich Rosen's Rules of Netnews Debating, a satirical post intended not so much as a set of guidelines to follow when posting, but rather as a statement (like Godwin's Law) about the irrational and often obnoxious behavior often observed in Usenet discussions (which Rosen himself admittedly engaged in).
 * The Book of Ubizmo and the religion of Ubizmatism, a parody of the extremes associated with mainstream organized religions.
 * The story of Toejam Jawallaby, a fictitious musician who was the winner of several bogus "greatest guitarist of all time" polls, whose exploits were later expanded upon in the newsgroup rec.music.jazz.
 * Several musical compositions that appeared on the first Usenet compilation tape, a little net.music (1985), including A Fair Exchange and Vegetableland (which was ostensibly performed by the aforementioned Toejam Jawallaby).
 * Several Usenet April Fool's jokes, including the (now doubly ironic) "Microsoft Windows for the Macintosh" and the "Olfactory Transfer Protocol" (WebOdor).

He was known for participating in (some would say "inciting") numerous flame wars with other Usenet contributors, including the notorious Brahms Gang, a pair of equally loquacious mathematics graduate students from Berkeley (Gene Ward Smith and Matthew P. Wiener) who posted from a server named. His verbal battles with the Brahms Gang in particular were sometimes referred to as "The War of the Rosens". He was also known for his variety of frequently-changing .signature files, including:

 * Anything's possible, but only a few things actually happen.
 * Life is complex. It has real and imaginary parts.
 * Look for significance where there's none intended, and you'll surely find it.
 * Now I've lost my train of thought, I'll have to catch the bus of thought.
 * echo "This is not a pipe." | cat - >/dev/tty

Usenet Citations and Acknowledgements
The volume and content of Rosen's postings evoked strong reactions in both advocates and detractors. People either praised him for his postings or denounced him as a threat to the future of Usenet.

 * His voluminous output and frequently abrasive postings led many to seek his removal from the net. He was never actually banned, censored or otherwise prevented from posting, but his e-mail address was used on the man page for the netnews "expire" command as an example of how this command could be used to delete all postings from a particular user. The use of his address in this manner was viewed by some as an endorsement of censorship and it was eventually removed.
 * His notoriety also led Howard Rheingold to use his name in A Slice of Life in My Virtual Community (an article propagated through its inclusion in the Big Dummy's Guide to the Internet) as an example of how people use kill files:
 * ... putting the name of a person or topic header in a ``kill file (aka ``bozo filter) means you will never see future contributions from that person or about that topic. You can simply choose to not see any postings from Rich Rosen, or that feature the word ``abortion'' in the title.
 * A column by Mr. Protocol (Michael O'Brien) in Sun Expert magazine (now called Server/Workstation Expert) used the word "Rosenesque" to describe a person who produces a substantial volume of e-mail messages large enough to overwhelm a local network.
 * The Net.Legends FAQ says:
 * How can a Net.Legends list omit Rich Rosen? I think he still holds the record for amount of spontaneous, germane text in a single newsgroup (net.philosophy).
 * In contrast, one system administrator wrote an article entitled "Proposed deletion of Rich Rosen":
 * If net.bizarre and net.flame were threats to the network's continued existence, then Rich Rosen is doubly so. ... Rich Rosen's volume is enormous. His postings comprise two percent of the network's volume. ... Expressed as a raw number of bytes per week, the number is horrendous. It is impossible for one man to produce this much cogent thought in a week. Speaking only for myself (perhaps a poor comparison) I don't think I could even type that fast. ... Due to his high volume and near-total lack of redeeming value, I propose that Rich Rosen be removed from USENET. In order to preserve the usual facade of democracy, I'm doing this as a poll. ...
 * On the other hand, an article by Thomas Richardson from 1995 said:
 * Rosen was particularly noteworthy, because he posted pages [and] pages of coherent material in just about every group I read. ... This was back when you could read the entire Usenet feed in a single afternoon. That doesn't explain how Rosen managed to post on every subject, though. I think he must have been a speed typist or he must have had some kind of augmented metabolism or something. ... He also managed to stay coherent and to largely avoid repeating himself. Maybe there really was no Rich Rosen. Maybe Dennis Ritchie was just playing a weird joke on everybody.

Post-Bellcore (1990s)
Rosen left Bellcore in 1989, but continued to post occasionally to Usenet from various outside accounts. He was one of the early members of the Panix user community in New York through the mid-1990s. He hosted his own popular "Monty Python home page" that was cited by both Lycos and the Global Network Navigator.

During the latter part of the 1990s, Rosen worked at Pencom Web Works with Leon Shklar, with whom he would later collaborate on Web Application Architecture: Principles, Protocols, and Practices, a widely used textbook for senior and graduate level college courses in Web application development.

Later life
Rosen lives once again in New Jersey with his wife, Celia. He "retired" from posting to Usenet but maintained his own blog, writing on the subject of web application development, including articles for various online and print journals, while also working with Leon Shklar on a second edition of Web Application Architecture. In addition, he contributed material to the fourth edition of Mac OS X for Unix Geeks which was published in 2008. He continues to record his own music, some of which was accessible on his website.

Publications

 * Web Application Architecture: Principles, Protocols and Practices, 2nd edition, Leon Shklar, Rich Rosen, 2009, Wiley, ISBN 978-0-470-51860-1.
 * Mac OS X Leopard for Unix Geeks, 4th edition, Ernest E. Rothman, Brian Jepson, Rich Rosen, 2008, O'Reilly, ISBN 978-0-596-52062-5.

title: Rich Rosen


text:
List of parliamentary constituencies in Nottinghamshire

The ceremonial county of Nottinghamshire, (which includes the unitary authority of Nottingham), is divided into 11 parliamentary constituencies - three borough constituencies and eight county constituencies.

2024
Following the abandonment of the Sixth Periodic Review (the 2018 review), the Boundary Commission for England formally launched the 2023 Review on 5 January 2021 and published their initial proposals on 8 June 2021. Initial proposals were published on 8 June 2021 and, following two periods of public consultation, revised proposals were published on 8 November 2022. Final proposals were published on 28 June 2023.

The commission proposed retaining the eleven constituencies in Nottinghamshire, as detailed below, with minor boundary changes to reflect changes to electoral wards within the county and to bring the electorates within the statutory range. As Nottingham North now contains wards in the Borough of Broxtowe, it was renamed Nottingham North and Kimberley. Sherwood was renamed Sherwood Forest. These changes came into effect for the 2024 general election.

Containing electoral wards from Ashfield

 * Ashfield (part)
 * Sherwood Forest (part)

Containing electoral wards in Bassetlaw

 * Newark (part)
 * Bassetlaw

Containing electoral wards in Broxtowe

 * Broxtowe
 * Nottingham North and Kimberley (part)

Containing electoral wards in Gedling

 * Gedling
 * Sherwood Forest (part)

Containing electoral wards in Mansfield

 * Ashfield (part)
 * Mansfield

Containing electoral wards in Newark and Sherwood

 * Newark (part)
 * Sherwood Forest (part)

Containing electoral wards in Nottingham

 * Nottingham East
 * Nottingham North and Kimberley (part)
 * Nottingham South

Containing electoral wards in Rushcliffe

 * Newark (part)
 * Rushcliffe

2010
In the Fifth Review the Boundary Commission for England recommended that Nottinghamshire retained its current constituencies, with changes only to reflect revisions to local authority ward boundaries and to reduce the electoral disparity between constituencies..

Results history
Primary data source: House of Commons research briefing - General election results from 1918 to 2019

2024
The number of votes cast for each political party who fielded candidates in constituencies comprising Nottinghamshire in the 2019 general election were as follows:

2019
The number of votes cast for each political party who fielded candidates in constituencies comprising Nottinghamshire in the 2019 general election were as follows:

Percentage votes
1As the Brexit Party in 2019

21974 & 1979 - Liberal Party; 1983 & 1987 - SDP-Liberal Alliance

* Included in Other

Historical representation by party
A cell marked → (with a different colour background to the preceding cell) indicates that the previous MP continued to sit under a new party name.


text:
Category:Chinese chess players

This category is for players of international chess from China. For players of "Chinese chess" see Category:Xiangqi players.

title: Category:Chinese chess players


text:
Hawaii Preparatory Academy

Hawaii Preparatory Academy (also known as HPA) is a coeducational, private, day and international boarding school in Kamuela, Hawaii, providing K-12 education. The school has an annual day tuition at the Lower School (K-5) of $22,900, $25,300 at the Middle School (6-8), and $29,600 at the Upper School (9-12). Boarding tuition is $59,100 (domestic students) & $69,400 (international students) in 2021/22.

The school hosts many noteworthy science-related educational programs for the benefit of its students, such as Turtle Tagging with NOAA and The Energy Lab (a partnership with Stanford University). The school is also the host of the TED organization's TEDxYouth@HPA event. In addition, the school has a signature Capstone program for all students in grades 5, 8, and 12.

History
Founded in 1949 by The Right Reverend Harry S. Kennedy, Episcopal Bishop of Honolulu, the school came of age under the leadership of James Monroe Taylor II, Headmaster from 1954 to 1974. Originally the school was located on the grounds of St. James Episcopal Church in Kamuela in buildings that were built as barracks for the United States Marines during World War II.

Currently the high school features four dormitories: Perry-Fiske Hall, Carter Hall, Robertson Hall, and Atherton House.

While the town is known as "Waimea", because there are multiple locations in Hawaii with that name, the term "Kamuela" is used by the USPS to distinguish it from those other locations.

HPA is now divided into a lower school, middle school and upper school. The lower and middle school together compose one campus in the Kohala region of the Big Island of Hawaii. The upper school is located at the foot of the Kohala Mountains while the lower and middle schools are located in the center of the town of Waimea. The school is accredited by the National Association for Independent Schools (NAIS).

The upper campus has a weight room, wrestling room, pool, school library, an indoor tennis facility, baseball field, gym, bookstore, as well as a new (2008) softball field, a newly repaired football/soccer field and a new rubber track. The school also is host to a cross country course. Along with classrooms, an art building, and a theater, and an Energy Lab, the only of its kind in the world. The Davies Chapel, designed by Vladimir Ossipoff (as were most of the upper campus structures) was built in 1967. In 2015, the Chapel bell tower was taken down for restoration, an ongoing effort.

The village campus is in the middle of the town of Waimea, and features the only school-owned professional art-gallery in the state, Isaacs Art Center. Issacs' hosts a large permanent collection of paintings, furniture, rare books, and Hawaiiana. The building that houses the Isaacs Art Center was built in 1915 as Waimea's first public school structure. The building received the prestigious 2003-2004 Historic Preservation Award from the Historic Hawai'i Foundation. In 2005, the building was named to the National Register of Historic Places.

The school colors are red and white. The school's mascot is Ka Makani. Ka Makani is the Hawaiian word for "the wind". (The campus is noteworthy for the steady winds which blow around it at speeds averaging 20 MPH)

The school's Energy Lab was designed by the Global, award-winning architectural planning and design firm Flansburgh Architects.

Noteworthy alumni and students

 * Angela Aki, Pop Singer and songwriter
 * Mark Andersen, Author, Community Activist
 * Ed Case, U.S. Representative
 * Steve Case, Entrepreneur, Venture capitalist, Founder/CEO of AOL.
 * Jovan Crnić, Serbian professional basketball player
 * Scott Eastwood, actor, model, son of Clint Eastwood
 * Sky Feuer: PhD Biochemist, Academic Coordinator of UCSF's California Preterm Birth Initiative Program.
 * Matty Hiroto Inaba: Professional speedcuber
 * Jeff Hubbard, Bodyboarder, 2006 World Champion
 * James C. Kennedy, chairman and CEO of COX Enterprises
 * William C. Koch Jr., Tennessee Supreme Court Justice
 * Chad Kroski, novelist, playwright, and singer
 * Graham Salisbury, Award-winning Author and Screenwriter
 * Star Simpson, Entrepreneur
 * Stephen C. Stearns, Evolutionary Biologist and Professor, Yale University
 * Daniel Te'o-Nesheim, NFL defensive end
 * Max Unger, Second Round NFL Draft Pick
 * Peter Vitousek, Ecologist and Professor, Stanford University
 * Iration, Reggae Band
 * Bianca Rinehart, Australian Gold Mine Heiress

Traditions

 * Olympics: A week-long competition between the four high-school classes, is one of the school's most cherished traditions. It is a bonding opportunity for the whole school that teaches teamwork, competition, rivalry, superiority, chants, cunning, and outright fun, filling students and teachers alike with school spirit.
 * The Big Water Slide: A massive water slide setup every Spring on the hillside of the HPA Upper Campus.
 * The Fall Ball: A festive, Halloween-themed school dance held every year at the legendary Anna's Ranch.

title: Hawaii Preparatory Academy


text:
User talk:Aslan's Mane

Welcome
Hello , and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on Talk page. Again, welcome! You 21:27, Jun 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

P.S. I've noticed you keep adding your signature again to SeeDs. I am afraid to say that you do NOT own your contributions, all contributions are licenced under the GNU Free Documentation License. That is why I keep removing your signature. See section 3 of Ownership of articles for more information.

Yes, this means that no page you write you can accredit yourself with, not so much because of the GNU license but also because Wikipedia pages are a collabrative effort and your articles will certainly be improved upon and expanded at some point in the future. Also, the talk feature is the main way to communicate through Wikipedia. Use individual user's pages to talk to them directly, or the talk page for an article to talk about revisions to an article. The only other way is the link on the left side of all userspace pages (such as user pages and user talk pages like this one) that says "E-mail this user" to E-mail a user through Wikipedia without knowing their E-mail address (although I rarely check the E-mail that I signed up for Wikipedia with so in my case use my talk page, in general, this is used more often for all people.) If you have any more questions, etc. feel free to ask me! You 23:44, Jun 8, 2005 (UTC)

 * I should clarify. You do hold the copyright on your submissions, however, all submissions are licensed under the GFDL, meaning that anybody is free to make their own changes as long as those changes are also GFDLed; there is no ownership of articles. There is no need to sign your contributions to articles, as the page history feature automatically keeps track of who did what. Signatures are meant for comments in talk pages and other behind-the-scenes areas, when there is a need for people to see at a glance who said what, which is not the case in articles (which should read with a single "voice"). It doesn't make sense to use them in articles.

 * I hope this helps. Happy editing!   — Gwalla | Talk 00:30, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

License tagging for Image:Andrewdecandia.jpg
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Speedy deletion of Female Pirates
A tag has been placed on Female Pirates, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section G1 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the page appears to have no meaningful content or history, and the text is unsalvageably incoherent. If the page you created was a test, please use the sandbox for any other experiments you would like to do. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you have any questions about this.

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title: User talk:Aslan's Mane