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Peter Fryer

Peter Fryer (18 February 1927 – 31 October 2006) was an English Marxist writer and journalist. Among his most influential works is the 1984 book Staying Power: The History of Black People in Britain.

Early life
Born in Hull in 1927, Peter Fryer was awarded a scholarship to attend Hymers College in 1938. After joining the Young Communist League in 1942, he left school in 1943 to become a reporter on the Yorkshire Post. In 1945 he became a member of the Communist Party. In 1947 he was dismissed from his job after refusing to leave the party.

In 1948, Fryer joined the staff of the Daily Worker, becoming its parliamentary correspondent but also covering foreign affairs. In 1949, he reported on the show trial of the Hungarian communist László Rajk, who had falsely confessed to being an agent of Tito and others. After Rajk's execution and eventual "rehabilitation" early in 1956 Fryer felt guilty about his acquiescence in the trial.

Hungarian uprising
In October 1956, Fryer was sent to Hungary to cover the uprising. His dispatches, including a description of the suppression of the uprising by Soviet troops, were either heavily censored or suppressed, and he left the paper. His resignation had in fact taken place several months earlier, but he had been persuaded to serve a year's notice. He wrote a book about the uprising (Hungarian Tragedy, 1956) and was expelled from the Communist Party for criticising its suppression in the "capitalist" press. Hungarian Tragedy is still in print. The most recent edition also contains some articles he completed after the book, which were published very quickly after the events he witnessed.

Fryer then became the editor of The Newsletter, the journal of The Club, a Trotskyist organisation led by Gerry Healy, and with Healy was a founder member of the Socialist Labour League. He parted company with Healy, however, and was delighted when Healy's organisation expelled him in 1985. Fryer wrote a weekly column for the Workers Press, the paper of the organisation that had expelled Healy, for several years after 1985. As a socialist journalist he was inspiring and painstaking, and wrote articles about how to write for the widest political audience, later collected in his book Lucid, Vigorous and Brief (1993).

Empire Windrush
In 1948, Fryer had covered the arrival at Tilbury Docks in Britain of HMT Empire Windrush bringing settlers from the Caribbean. His interest in their experiences ultimately resulted in the writing of Staying Power: The History of Black People in Britain (1984). (Peter Fraser wrote of Fryer: "In 1981, he attended a conference on the history of blacks in Britain to deliver a paper on black musicians. He went away convinced that the larger story needed to be told.") Two short related books by Fryer, originally given as lectures, are also in print: Aspects of British Black History and The Politics of Windrush.

Later life
At the time of his death Fryer was working on a study of life in Mississippi in the 19th and 20th centuries, under the working title Behind the Blues. He intended this book to rework black American history and hoped that it would be as influential as Staying Power had been. He had also just found out that he was to be honoured by the Hungarian government, in recognition of his "continuous support of the Hungarian revolution and freedom fight".

He died on 31 October 2006, aged 79.

Honours and legacy
Fryer was posthumously awarded the Knight's Cross of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary at a reception at the Hungarian Embassy in London.

On 26 June 2023, a blue plaque (organised by the Nubian Jak Community Trust) was unveiled in Fryer's honour outside a former residence of his in Highgate, London.

title: Peter Fryer


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Richard G. Gotti

Richard G. Gotti (born November 30, 1967) is an American mobster who is a member of the Gambino crime family. His father is Gambino capo Richard V. Gotti and cousins are capo John A. "Junior" Gotti, former reality television star Victoria Gotti, and Peter Gotti Jr. His uncle was Gambino boss John Gotti.

On November 29, 2001, federal and state agents executed a search warrant on Gotti and seized approximately $12,000 in cash from Gotti's pockets at his home in Valley Stream, New York. On June 5, 2002, Gotti was indicted on racketeering charges. During the trial, Gotti's lawyer claimed that the money came from the preschool run by Gotti and his wife. The government said it was a payoff from a Gambino crew. On March 17, 2003, Gotti was convicted on racketeering charges. He was sent to Ashland Federal Correctional Institution (FCI) in Ashland, Kentucky. He was released on March 2, 2007. In February 2008, Gotti was named as a defendant in the Operation Old Bridge indictments.

On February 22, 2015, he was released from Schuylkill Federal Correctional Institution (FCI) in Minersville, Pennsylvania.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Richard G. Gotti


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Talk:George Hudson

Railway adoption in England long after introduction into America!
The last sentence of this article reads:

 * ..., he succeeded in overcoming the powerful landed interest which delayed the adoption of railways in England long after the date of their regular introduction into America.

Eh. That is certainly contrary to everything I've always understood. Most of Hudson's lines were built in the mid 1840s, by which time railways had most certainly been 'adopted' in England. I've never before heard anybody suggest that America had a significant railway network before that date, and hence some 20+ years before the outbreak of the American Civil War. Can somebody provide a source for this radical new interpretation of received railway history?. -- Chris j wood 12:50, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

Further checking reveals that text does in fact come from the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica. I have to say I'm still very dubious. I will dig further into US railway history; unfortunately the article Rail transport in the United States doesn't help much, as it quotes the odd isolated line from the 1820s and 1830s that would not have been untypical in the UK at the same time, then jumps straight to 2003. -- Chris j wood 13:02, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

According to the article First Transcontinental Railroad, the first transcontinental railway in the United States was not completed until 1869, which is some ten to twenty years after the UK railway network was substantially complete. So I reckon this quote just shows that even the Encyclopedia Britannica can get it wrong, or at least allow its editors POV to show through. I will edit the article to remove the POV. -- Chris j wood 22:25, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't think the transcontinental railroad makes your point, since this project went way beyond anything that was even necessary in England. You need to get data on a scale in the United States comparable to England, like what was happening on the East Coast and how connected towns were.  How was rail connectivity in the environs of the big cities in the United States proceeding compared to the U.K.?  Britannica can get it wrong, but nothing has demonstrated this yet.  So I have restored 1911's analysis.  I may look into what some other encyclopedias say. Bob Burkhardt (talk) 18:23, 2 December 2012 (UTC)

The statue of Leeman near the railway station was intended to be of Hudson until the scandal broke. Then a new head was ordered before it was put up. Geo. Hudson Street was Railway Street until fairly recently. I suppose the council thought that it would be good for tourism to re-name it after a well known local swindler. There is another Hudson Street in York, probably no connection. The building was always referred to as 'the Railway Offices' whatever it may have been called.(source..ask any native over 30 years old or search the Yorkshire Evening Press)

Although there was a public subscription for a statue of Hudson it was never built after his fall from grace and the council voted for the statue of Leeman instead. I can find no evidence that the statue was started and then Leeman's head was put on - given he was alive and wealthy I doubt very much he would have agreed to such a move. Hudson Street was the original name of Railway Street so when it became George Hudson this was a reversion rather than a renaming.--Davidvaughanwells (talk) 11:59, 6 September 2014 (UTC)

Rewrite underway
I am in the process of re-writing this page - please be patient as there are gaps that will be filled.--Davidvaughanwells (talk) 21:38, 14 August 2014 (UTC)
 * You can put Template:Under construction at the top if you feel the need - though it's generally unneccessary.
 * Have you got a Tomlinson's NER? (William Weaver Tomlinson) - you can read it online or download it via https://archive.org/details/northeasternrail00tomlrich (press the all files https button for downloads eg  - and then use "save as" to get the file - the pdf is good, though some prefer the djvu files if you have the software for it. It has an overwhelming amount of business history on the predecessors of the NER, and a lot on Hudson.
 * The Y&NMR investigation in the the accounts after Hudson's downfall is also available online http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Oef_QAJj6uUC - it is mostly financial accounts. Prof.Haddock (talk) 21:58, 14 August 2014 (UTC)

Thanks Prof I'll check some of these out - a fascinating character my aim is to get a better entry in over the next few weeks and then add to it. any help gratefully received.--Davidvaughanwells (talk) 22:10, 14 August 2014 (UTC)

Deleting metaphoric phrase
I am deleting the dramatic phrase "and left to rot" from the end of the sentence relating to his remand in York Prison. Hudson would have been awaiting trial if he was on remand; it would not have been the end of the legal actions against him.Cloptonson (talk) 19:59, 10 January 2015 (UTC)

 * Are you sure your point is correct here? I think at this time if you were imprisoned for debt that was it until someone either paid up or you died. I am no legal expert but the act referred to later on in that article changed the law so that debtors did not have to flee the country or face imprisonment. There and then I have no strong views on the "left to rot" phrase being deleted.--Davidvaughanwells (talk) 10:53, 11 January 2015 (UTC)

Defence
"In his defence he never named any of his co-conspirators although many of them turned their backs on him when the bubble burst."

How is this a defence? 108.180.71.196 (talk) 04:56, 31 January 2015 (UTC)

It would have been easy for Hudson to take down a lot of people with him - for instance David Waddington at the Eastern Counties Railway whose dealings were every bit as shady as Hudson's. He chose not to so whilst not exonerating him for his own misdemeanors he did not bring others down. --Davidvaughanwells (talk) 16:57, 1 February 2015 (UTC)

Reference detail
There are various short form references to "Bailey 1995" but no full details for them to link to. Any one know the details that can be added to the article? Keith D (talk) 18:09, 27 February 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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The family tree
I am one of many of his great grandchildren one of his sons did survive long enough to have a son and that son provided the family tree to be bigger than ever so the Hudson's will never die and I am proud to be called a Hudson Gypsy 97 (talk) 19:10, 18 March 2019 (UTC)
 * Interesting. Did you manage to go to the play about his life put on at the National Railway Museum a few years back?--Davidvaughanwells (talk) 23:02, 20 March 2019 (UTC)

Bastardry?
The Early life section reads  '...there was also a payment of 12 shillings and 6 pence recorded in the Howsham poor book as being "received of George Hudson for bastardry".'  What does the word bastardry mean in this context? The only meaning I can find is that it's Australian slang for a contemptuous act, which I don't think applies to Victorian Yorkshire. 87.75.117.183 (talk) 02:21, 25 July 2022 (UTC)
 * Does it mean he was paying towards an illegitimate chid? Does this help? https://www.wiltshire-opc.org.uk/Items/Wroughton/Wroughton%20-%20Bastardy%20Payment%20Rules%20Under%20Poor%20Law.pdf [[User:Chevin} 07:17, 26 July 2022 (UTC)~

title: Talk:George Hudson


text: User talk:83.132.213.196

title: User talk:83.132.213.196


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Freifunk

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was - kept, article is wholly different from the one that was nominated - SimonP 23:43, Jun 13, 2005 (UTC)

Freifunk
Reads like an advertisement. Sjakkalle 12:58, 28 May 2005 (UTC) No vote yet on the rewrite. Sjakkalle 08:05, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)

*Delete of course - DavidWBrooks 13:04, 28 May 2005 (UTC) Change to keep, following rewrite - DavidWBrooks 11:39, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete might as well be written in greek--Sophitus 20:05, May 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * Changing vote to Neutral - no longer written in gibberish, but it still reads like an advertisment.--Sophitus 08:14, Jun 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - I bet it deletes like an advertisment too. -- Cyrius|✎ 20:58, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * The site's a bit below my normal personal bar for web sites. However, it's in German, cutting out a lot of English language traffic, and I'm in a decently good mood. No vote. -- Cyrius|✎ 16:27, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I suppose that I had better not admit that I understand this text, then. ☺  See HyperWRT and OpenWRT for how such topics should be approached.  Dumping a change log into Wikipedia does not an encyclopaedia article make.  Cleanup would involve basically discarding all of the existing content, so Delete and start again is just as effective, maybe more so. Uncle G 22:00, 2005 May 28 (UTC)
 * Stumbled accross this page while browsing. One of my users may have added this content, because he/she added a link on the WRT54G page. While I'am new to wikipedia editing, I will try to correct that content for a more general description. sven-ola 09:36, 2005 Jun 01 (CEST)
 * You can do that, but you should probably wait until this article is deleted first. It can be a bit hectic trying to get people back to change their vote on a rewrite, especially when most votes are made on the first two days. Sjakkalle 07:48, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I see you have rewritten the article. I'll go and contact the users who voted. Sjakkalle 08:05, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Talk:List of drug films

Suggestions
Lilja 4-ever - glue

Samotari (The Loners) - marijuana

— Preceding unsigned comment added by 212.122.207.3 (talk • contribs) 08:59, May 28, 2005

list only goes to T?
where is the rest of the list? Also: Party Monster — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.96.187.254 (talk • contribs) 02:03, September 13, 2006

 * I have taken the privlige of adding Rolling Kansas to the list -Sky — Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.60.226.100 (talk • contribs) 11:57, October 6, 2006

 * it lacks on the list the film "Synanon" (1965) from the director Richard Quine. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.155.77.19 (talk • contribs) 12:43, January 21, 2007

Dazed and Confused
I remember Alcohol and Marijuana, but I don't remember the use of LSD in Dazed and Confused. Maybe I'm wrong. Anybody care to refresh my memory? Ph33rspace 07:11, 28 January 2007 (UTC)

 * I'm just going to go ahead and delete the LSD claim. Ph33rspace 00:49, 6 February 2007 (UTC)

 * As far as I know, there isn't any LSD use in Dazed & Confused. Someguy303 09:11, 16 March 2007 (UTC)

 * oh there is though in the very beginning when they are goin to class. there is lSd references watched closely and you'll see. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.139.82.236 (talk • contribs) 00:06, May 22, 2007

 * There is DEFINATELY one reference to LSD in Dazed and Confused (Maybe more.) The one I'm thinking of is when they are in school still and the Main character, QB of the football team, is talking to the "nerdy" kids and the pot dealer walks by and hands him something. One of them asks "So is that a smoked or a liquid lunch" He means, is that pot or LSD? I wish I could remember the character names, it's been a while since I've seen this movie. Not a big reference, but it's still a reference. There's probably more here or there, but fuck if I remember. Tainted42 (talk) 06:38, 5 December 2007 (UTC)

Drug Films
Hmmm, as I went down the list of films I realised that there wasn't any reference to alcohol use. I assume that this is because that alcohol use is too prevalent, and not because somebody believed that alcohol is not a mind-altering substance, which it most definetly is. Does everybody agree that this article should specify that it refers to recreational drug use excluding alcohol due to the prevalence? Ph33rspace 00:56, 6 February 2007 (UTC)

 * I think movies with excessive alcohol use such as when the main character is an active alcoholic or if it is a college movie with lots of alcohol, but not when alcohol is seen as wine at a dinner party. Just my opinion, so I added Leaving Las Vegas.
 * Weephar 07:24, 10 March 2007 (UTC)

 * I don't think we need any alcohol references at all. We do however need to add a sentence into the introduction that explains why alcohol and tobacco are not included. Someguy303 08:58, 16 March 2007 (UTC)

 * What the heck would that explanation be? 71.112.41.87 (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 01:44, 4 February 2011 (UTC).

Alcohol and nicotine and caffeine should all be added. Plus pharmaceuticals otherwise this article is incorrect, biased and untrue! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 124.168.188.68 (talk) 12:37, 2 February 2012 (UTC)

 * While I agree with adding nicotine and tobacco in principle, pragmatically it would make this list too long and unwieldy to be practical for the reader. I propose separate lists for alcohol and tobacco, for the simple fact that those substances are legal, historically more socially acceptable in Hollywood, and appear in *many* more films than illegal drugs and psychoactive pharmaceuticals. Adding those films will take a huge amount of work. Adding the labels before doing the work will make this list much less accurate than it is currently. Jay Dubya (talk) 17:21, 1 April 2014 (UTC)

Naked Lunch
For Naked Lunch, I am unsure if it was actually heroin that was the drug in the movie or if it was a fictional drug...though I am not totally sure as that move was really crazy and confusing and I know that the book that it is based on is written by a writer, William S. Burroughs, who was an opiate addict and had written about heroin in other books...but I am not sure if it is just the book that is about heroin and the movie was a weird adaptation or if both are about heroin or if both are about a fictional drug. Just wondering, so that if Naked Lunch isn't about heroin then it can be changed. Weephar 07:30, 10 March 2007 (UTC)
 * In Naked Lunch there are two primary drugs, both of them are fictional opiates corollaries (meaning while fictional in production they are rather accurate in effect; sedation, hallucination, withdrawal, etc). The first is an insecticide. The second is a pus-like discharge produced by the protagonist's type writer. Jay Dubya (talk) 17:25, 1 April 2014 (UTC)

Redundant Article
Stoner film probably ought to be merged into this article, or at least listed as a "See also." 63.215.28.84 12:10, 31 May 2007 (UTC)
 * "See also" is now added. I've also added all of the films from the other article except the new Harold & Kumar, which won't be out for awhile. 209.247.5.49 05:54, 10 June 2007 (UTC)

Platoon
The characters smoke marijuana throughout and there is one reference to "shooting shit". Also, at the end of the film one of the men takes a bag of heroin from the body of a dead VC. Maybe this should be included? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.243.169.71 (talk • contribs) 15:55, July 27, 2007
 * Tough call. At what point does a movie become a drug film? Can Platoon be both a war film and a drug film? Perhaps worthy of further discussion. I am honestly undecided. Jay Dubya (talk) 17:27, 1 April 2014 (UTC)

Drugs
Is not alcohol a drug? Shouldn't those films that have alchol use/abuse in them be noted as well? "Ethanol is a centrally-acting drug with a depressant effect........" Straight from Wikipedia. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Nikzaring (talk • contribs) 15:00, 19 December 2007 (UTC)

This list needs to define "drug" properly. It is currently only listing illegal drugs. Legal drugs (caffeine, tobacco, alcohol, prescription) should be included on this list. It's dumb to list Beerfest because of cannabis use because beer is in the title! Otherwise the article title should be "List of films containing illegal drug use". — Preceding unsigned comment added by 174.119.138.42 (talk) 01:29, 11 May 2012 (UTC)

Update
That's it for now. 63.215.28.84 (talk) 16:34, 28 February 2008 (UTC) Okay, done. 63.215.28.84 (talk) 17:08, 28 February 2008 (UTC)
 * I've explained why alcohol and tobacco aren't listed.
 * I re-wrote the intro so it contains all the links to the common drugs.
 * I removed Weeds as I don't think we should include television shows.
 * I broke the Cheech and Chong movies up into separate titles.
 * I alphabetized the drugs under each movie: real drugs A-Z, then fictional drugs.
 * I tried to replace all the slang with technical terminology.
 * There's been a couple movies called "Wasted," but the only one from 2002 was another TV show, so I deleted that, too.

Really?
Drug movies? What exactly is the criteria? there are thousands of movies whee people use drugs, not all of them focus on substances. I really dont think some movies should be listed...please revise. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Wickedxjade (talk • contribs) 10:10, 19 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Can you please be more specific on what criteria you would prefer? Jay Dubya (talk) 17:28, 1 April 2014 (UTC)

8 Mile
I honestly don''t remember ANY marijuana use in this movie. I think this movie should be removed from this list.

216.141.228.112 (talk) 18:30, 28 March 2008 (UTC)

---During the driving scene, where B-Rabbit was driving his old, run down car. The people in the car where smoking marijuana and passing it along to each other. (ShinFuYux) —Preceding unsigned comment added by ShinFuYux (talk • contribs) 07:43, 15 May 2010 (UTC)

"Ecstasy"--->MDMA
I noticed at least one case of MDMA being used with a majority of "Ecstasy" for all others. Ecstasy is not a drug, rather slang for MDMA, thus I suggest all movies including MDMA (or "Ecstasy") should be referred to as MDMA instead here on out. I'm going to change to already existing ones. If anyone disagrees feel free to put in your say.--Astavats (talk) 05:10, 14 May 2008 (UTC)
 * I do not think it is accurate to state that Ecstasy always = MDMA (the inverse, MDMA always = Ecstasy, *is* true). Para-methoxyamphetamine (PMA), 2c-i, DXM, methylone, MBDB, BZP and TFMPP are just a small number of the many substances that have been marketed and sold as Ecstasy both in Hollywood and world-wide. This occurs both so that chemists can produce MDMA-like substances with legal or non-monitored precursor chemicals and because many of these alternatives are cheaper to produce. Only an insignificantly small percentage of consumers and street-level dealers have any ability to purity test the ecstasy they consume. In summary: a majority of what is consumed as "Ecstasy" is not MDMA. Because of this, it is reasonable to list MDMA and ecstasy separately. When a film explicitly uses "MDMA" in the script, we should use that label. If the script only uses "Ecstasy" we should use that, instead. While there are issues with both proposals I believe this approach would be marginally more accurate both factually and in terms of author intent. Jay Dubya (talk) 17:44, 1 April 2014 (UTC)

Fear and Loathing
Adrenochrome. "(fictionalized, as it's not truly a recreational drug)." is to some degree misleading as it seems to infer that it is drug. it isnt necessarily a drug as much as its adrenaline for injections that has oxidized and has become useless. aka pink adrenalin/ —Preceding unsigned comment added by Think8359 (talk • contribs) 19:45, 4 October 2008 (UTC)

Majority of the films here are not "DRUG-THEME" films
The very vast majority of the films here are not drug films. They're simply films that mention drugs To be defined as a drug film, the prevailing theme of the movie or lead character should be drugs/drug addict. Best examples include Man with a Golden Arm, Drugstore Cowboy, Valley of the Dolls. Just a doobie joke doesn't doesn't make it a drug film. If a movie has a car in it, is it a "car film"? What a load of bollocks. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.147.242.191 (talk) 20:51, 30 December 2008 (UTC)

I fully agree, to consider "9" a drug movie is just bizarre. And it wasn't the only example. I believe this list should only depict movies where drugs (including alcohol) is playing a major role for its development. A grand example would be "Requiem for a dream" but also "Traffic". — Preceding unsigned comment added by 90.224.155.20 (talk) 20:27, 10 June 2012 (UTC)

 * Where should the line be drawn? Should we include a film that fits multiple genres? Consider Drugstore Cowboy for example. Is that a drug film or a caper movie? What about Bad Lieutenant - drug film or dark police procedural? I don't expect an answer but I do hope these examples help illustrate the issue is a bit more nuanced than it first appears. While we can debate about individual films, what's important is that we develop a set of criteria for conclusion and reach consensus on it. This way we have a way to judge new films for inclusion that are based on something more specific than a persona opinion as to what "Drug film" means. Jay Dubya (talk) 17:57, 1 April 2014 (UTC)

 * I very much second this. Going through the list I'm seeing films listed like Dune and Easy A. Dune has nothing to do with drugs in any conventional sense, even factoring in the spice Melange. Some form of criteria would be helpful. Astapor12 (talk) 18:21, 18 June 2018 (UTC)

Ali G in da house
With Ali G in da house there was also a lot of or marijuana use —Preceding unsigned comment added by 145.94.55.29 (talk) 16:47, 21 January 2009 (UTC)

RFAD/ New films
I added Little Miss Sunshine and Donnie Darko as both show hard drugs being snorted. Donkey Punch shows significant drugs use (mainly extremely strong stimulants) and should be mentioned. As for requiem for a dream, I have knowledge of pharmacology: the pills shown as prescribed to Ellen Burstyn's character are never named except as "uppers" and "something for sleep". The 75,100 and 175 markings suggest a derivative of amphetamine or similar (eg Preludin) as this dosage of actual amphetamine is impossible. 5mg-20mg IR/ 15-40mg ER is the therapeutic dose (see Adderall/Dexedrine). Therefore I wrote as "Stimulants". The depressant drug is unlikely to be a benzodiazepine in 1970s New York, and certainly not diazepam (never a green "300" pill made.) The only sleep inducer normally given as 300mg is methaqualone (now schedule I, then not). The pills could also be fakes made specially for the film. Why would anyone suggest "DXM"? She has no dissociative effects etc. and all that is seen is liquid drank out of a brown bottle. As this is part of the withdrawal scene, Methadose is far more likely. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.173.23.228 (talk) 19:09, 21 March 2009 (UTC)

Lost in Translation?
I don't remember any drugs appearing in Lost in Translation (except alcohol, of course). Perhaps there were some used during the karaoke/night-on-the-town scene, but that hardly qualifies as drugs as "either as a major theme or as a few memorable scenes." Can someone refresh my memory, or is this a bad entry, like so many of the films in that list that only happen to mention drugs once or twice without it ever being actually significant to the film? Wefrucar (talk) 05:33, 11 August 2009 (UTC)

Shrek 2
Shrek 2? Really? Shrek 2? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 38.100.221.126 (talk) 06:54, 9 February 2011 (UTC)

You know what, guys, I don't even know where to begin.
I'm moving at least Donnie Darko and Shrek II. I'm sorry, anti-psychotic medicine/placebo, while technically a drug, should not belong on this list. In any case, the neither the medicine Donnie uses or the catnip is in any way "memorable" or that central.

This list is just insulting. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 195.249.185.131 (talk) 00:25, 25 February 2011 (UTC)

 * Many wikipedia articles are targets for vandalism, unfortunately it kindof goes with the territory. Thank you for removing the affected articles. Of course, you are welcome to help with further improvements if you take issue with other entries. Jay Dubya (talk) 18:01, 1 April 2014 (UTC)

Drug Films & Movies with drugs in them
By definition "Drug Film" means: 1: Movie/film/documentary with drug use as the - leading story line topic, action of interest, and/or point of interest in film creation. 2: Movie/film with drug use, the sale of drugs, or the handling and/or distribution of drugs as a key topic throughout it's script. Either in character lines or stage props. 3: Movie/film/documentary with drug use, drug language (lingo), mention of drugs by name, uses, effects or method of intake, sale of drugs, thoughts of drugs, or the tools and instruments used to harvest, manufacture, or create drugs. 4: Movie/film/documentary created by the use and/or spending of resources obtained with drugs - their use or sale.

This list of films should be broken up into sections. Shrek isn't the same genre of film as Requiem for a Dream just as Zombieland isn't rated the same as Party Monster. A section should however be listed to include the name of every film from every section. We've got a great list started. We need to organize it better.

EcHo EcHo charlie Hotel oscar (talk) 15:03, 3 March 2011 (UTC)

 * You may want to look at List of teen films. It was posted for AFD and was a big mess. I cleaned up the list by referencing as many films as I could find that were being called "teen film", "teen movie", or "teenpic". We should verify that here. A lot of films on this list are films that have drug use as an element but is not a drug film. Erik (talk | contribs) 15:14, 3 March 2011 (UTC)

References to use
References to use. Please add any lists out there below. Erik (talk | contribs) 15:34, 3 March 2011 (UTC)
 * High Times' Top 50 Drug Movies
 * Top 10: Drug-Related Movies
 * [ http://www.amazon.com/Addicted-Myth-Menace-Drugs-Film/dp/1840680237/ Addicted: The Myth & Menace of Drugs in Film] (has "Index of Films", but not all may be "drug films")

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

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No documentaries
I just noticed that the list featured The Life of Rayful Edmond which is a documentary - I removed it as I don't think this list should also list documentaries. Or am I wrong on that?

--Fixuture (talk) 18:33, 4 December 2016 (UTC)

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title: Talk:List of drug films


text: User talk:69.234.33.199

title: User talk:69.234.33.199


text:
Meshwesh

The Meshwesh (often abbreviated in ancient Egyptian as Ma) was an ancient Libyan tribe, of Berber origin along with other groups like Libu and Tehenu/Tjemehu. also of the Sea Peoples

Early records of the Meshwesh date back to the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt from the reign of Amenhotep III (c. 1390 - 1350 BC). During the 19th and 20th dynasties (c. 1295 – 1075 BC), the Meshwesh were in almost constant conflict with the Egyptian state. During the late 21st Dynasty, increasing numbers of Meswesh Libyans began to settle in the Western Delta region of Egypt. They would ultimately take control of the country during the late 21st Dynasty first under Osorkon the Elder. After an interregnum of 38 years, during which the native Egyptian kings Siamun and Psusennes II assumed the throne, the Meshwesh ruled Egypt throughout the 22nd and 23rd Dynasties under many pharaohs as Shoshenq I, Osorkon I, Osorkon II, Shoshenq III and Osorkon III.

Libyan origins
That the Meshwesh were of Libyan origin is explicitly stated in a genealogy contained on the stela of Pasenhor (dated to the reign of Shoshenq V), where the great chiefs of the Meshwesh (including the kings of the 22nd Dynasty) are stated to be the descendants of "Buyuwawa the Libyan." The Libyo-Berber origin of the Meshwesh is also indicated in their personal names (such as Osorkon, Takelot, Nimlot, Shoshenq, etc.) and a handful of non-Egyptian titles used by these people that are related to the Berber languages. After the Egyptians, the Greeks, Romans, and Byzantines mentioned various other tribes in Libya. Later tribal names differ from the Egyptian ones but, probably, some tribes were named in the Egyptian sources and the later ones, as well. The Meshwesh tribe represents this assumption. Some scholars argue it would be the same tribe called Mazyes by Hecataeus of Miletus and Maxyes by Herodotus, while the tribe was called Mazices and Mazax in Latin sources.

History
The Meshwesh are known from ancient Egyptian texts as early as the 18th Dynasty, where they are mentioned as a source of cattle provided to king Amenhotep III's palace at Malkata. This indicates there may have been some trade relations between the Meshwesh and the Egyptians at the time. At the very least, it can be said that the Egyptians were familiar with the Meshwesh. For the remainder of the 18th Dynasty, information about Meshwesh or Libyans in general is sketchy. There are, however, representations of Libyans (perhaps Meshwesh) from the reign of Akhenaten, including a remarkable papyrus depicting a group of Libyans slaying an Egyptian. However, the papyrus is fragmentary, so it is not known what the historical context was. The Meshwesh or Ma were nomad hunter pastoralists, living off their goats, camels and other livestock while hunting and gathering at the same time. Milk, meat, hides and wool were gathered from their livestock for food, tents and clothing.

The first ancient Egyptian sources described the Meshwesh men with tattoos and long hair with longer side locks in the front, while centuries later they appear with shorter hair of Egyptian influence but braided and beaded, neatly parted in both sides from their temples and decorated with one or two feathers attached to leather bands around the crown of the head. They still used the same robes as before, a thin mantle of antelope hide, dyed and printed, crossing one of their shoulders and coming down until mid calf length to make an open robe over a loincloth with an adorned phallus sheath, being the only exception of the new addition of a kilt above the knees and an animal tail in the Egyptian manner of king Narmer and the phallus adornment over it. Men wore facial hair trimmed except at their chin and the older men kept their longer chin tufts braided. Women wore the same robes as men, plaited, decorated hair and both genders wore heavy jewelry. Later images showed them to have accepted and adapted some Greek or Macedonian tunics. Weapons included bows and arrows, hatchets, spears and daggers.

The relations between the Libyans and the Egyptians during the Ramesside Period were typically one of constant conflict. Battle reliefs at Karnak from the reign of Seti I depict the king in combat with Libyan masses; however the text only describes the Libyans as being Tjehenu, one of the generic terms for "Libyan" in the Egyptian language, rather than a specific tribal designation. During the following reign, that of Ramesses II, the Egyptians constructed a series of coastal fortresses running west to the region of Marsa Matruh, including at al-Alamayn and Zawayat Umm al-Rakham. The presence of these fortresses indicates a serious threat from the west, and Ramesses does claim to have overthrown Libyans in various rhetorical texts. However, as with Seti I, he does not specify if Meshwesh were involved or not.

During the reign of Merneptah it seems that the early-warning system from his father's time had fallen into disrepair, as there was an unexpected Libyan invasion into the Nile Delta and the Western Oases in Year 5 of his reign. Unlike his predecessors, Merenptah states in his battle reliefs at Karnak that it was primarily the Libu tribe who led the conflict, but that Meshwesh and Sea People allies were also involved. Indeed, Merenptah claims that "9,100 swords of the Meshwesh" were captured. (This conflict is also described on the Merneptah Stele, also known as the Israel Stele.)

About twenty-five years later, during the reign of Ramesses III, the growing conflict between the Egyptians and Libyans came to a head. This time, it was the Meshwesh who instigated the conflict, though other Libyan tribes and their Sea People allies were involved in fighting two major campaigns against the Egyptian king, in Ramesses III's Regnal Years 5 and 11. The Year 11 campaign was concerned almost exclusively with the Meshwesh, however. Ramesses claimed victory, and settled the Meshwesh in military concentration camps in Middle Egypt in order to force their assimilation into Egyptian culture and press them into military service for the Egyptian state. According to Papyrus Harris I, Ramesses "settled [them] in strongholds of the Victorious King, they hear the language of the [Egyptian] people, serving the King, he makes their language disappear."

A Third Intermediate Period text mentions there being at least five "Fortresses of the Meshwesh" in the area of Herakleopolis Magna; these were probably the ones established by Ramesses. Throughout the 20th Dynasty, various texts on ostraca and papyri mention attacks by Meshwesh tribesmen as far south as Thebes, where the workmen of Deir el-Medina were forced to seek protection inside the mortuary temple of Medinet Habu.

During the late Third Intermediate Period, the Nile Delta hosted the four great chiefdoms of the Meshwesh, each ruled by a "Great Chief of the Ma", whose seats of power were in the cities of Mendes, Sebennytos, Busiris and Per-Sopdu respectively; other lesser chiefdoms, led by a simple "Chief of the Ma", were located at Sais and Pharbaithos.

title: Meshwesh


text:
Global Information Grid

The Global Information Grid (GIG) is a network of information transmission and processing maintained by the United States Department of Defense. More descriptively, it is a worldwide network of information transmission, of associated processes, and of personnel serving to collect, process, safeguard, transmit, and manage this information. It is an all-encompassing communications project of the United States Department of Defense. The GIG makes this immediately available to military personnel, to those responsible for military politics, and for support personnel. It includes all infrastructure, bought or loaned, of communications, electronics, informatics (including software and databases), and security. It is the most visible manifestation of network-centric warfare. It is the combination of technology and human activity that enables warfighters to access information on demand.

It is defined as a "globally interconnected, end-to-end set of information capabilities for collecting, processing, storing, disseminating, and managing information on demand to warfighters, policy makers, and support personnel".

The GIG includes owned and leased communications and computing systems and services, software (including applications), data, security services, other associated services, and National Security Systems. Non-GIG Information Technology (IT) includes stand-alone, self-contained, or embedded IT that is not, and will not be, connected to the enterprise network.

This new definition removes references to the National Security Systems as defined in section 5142 of the Clinger-Cohen Act of 1996. Further, this new definition removes the references to the GIG providing capabilities from all operating locations (bases, posts, camps, stations, facilities, mobile platforms, and deployed sites). And lastly, this definition removes the part of the definition that discusses the interfaces to coalition, allied, and non-Department of Defense users and systems.

The DoD's use of the term "GIG" is undergoing changes as the Department deals with new concepts such as Cyberspace Operations, GIG 2.0 (A Joint Staff J6 Initiative), and the Department of Defense Information Enterprise (DIE).

The GIG is managed by a construct known as NetOps. NetOps is defined as the operational framework consisting of three essential tasks, Situational Awareness (SA), and Command & Control (C2) that the Commander (CDR) of United States Strategic Command (USSTRATCOM), in coordination with DoD and Global NetOps Community, employs to operate and defend the GIG to ensure information superiority.

In the past
The specifications for the GIG were published by the DoD on 22 September 1999, and the assistant secretary of defense officially mandated it on 19 September 2002 to carry out the project. Although in 2008, the ambitious objectives of the program had not been realized, informatic communications between soldiers and commanders on the battlefield had been successfully realized, the most well-known examples having occurred during the 2003 invasion of Iraq.

The GIG underwent a severe cyberattack in 2008, in the form of a computer virus which spread through military computer networks. As a result, the US Strategic Command banned all forms of removable media, including thumb drives, DVDs, and floppy disks. At the time, the GIG contained about 17 million military computers, and it was scanned millions of times daily.

Defense Information Enterprise
The Department of Defense Information Enterprise is defined as the DoD information resources, assets, and processes required to achieve an information advantage and share information across the Department of Defense and with mission partners.

It includes:
 * the information itself and the Department's management over the information life cycle
 * the processes, including risk management, associated with managing information to accomplish the DoD mission and functions
 * activities related to designing, building, populating, acquiring, managing, operating, protecting, and defending the information enterprise
 * related information resources such as personnel, funds, equipment, and IT, including national security systems

Vision
The Network-Centric Warfare (NCW) doctrine represents a fundamental shift in military culture, away from compartmentalized war machines and toward interconnected units operating cohesively. The tenets of Network Centric Warfare are:

 * A robustly networked force improves information sharing;
 * Information sharing enhances the quality of information and shared situational awareness;
 * Shared situational awareness enables collaboration and self-synchronization and enhances sustainability and speed of command;
 * Speed of command, in turn, dramatically increases mission effectiveness.

At the enterprise level, forging new paths with whom components of the military communicate will ease logistics burdens, improve communication and combat effectiveness of the war fighter, decrease instances of confusion-related fratricide, accelerate the trend in minimizing collateral damage, and hasten the flow of business. For the warfighter, situational awareness would be improved tremendously by linking what he sees with what an overhead satellite sees.

The fog of war would be lifted by seamless communication between unit members, off site detection devices, and commanders operating behind the line. Improved coordination may also assist in delivering appropriate firepower or other tangible assets to first responders during domestic attacks and natural disasters worldwide.

title: Global Information Grid


text:
User:Turkishguy

Todo...

title: User:Turkishguy


text:
Talk:Cdparanoia

[untitled]
Eh??

Paranoia III is NOT Linux-specific. I'm using it on BeOS. BeOS isn't Linux. --Kiand 13:07, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * It is definitely Linux/GCC specific. The code depends on GCC extensions that are unknown in C and there is definitely no BEOS support in the source. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.158.110.240 (talk) 21:48, 13 September 2008
 * Surely GCC is GNU, not Linux. —Ringbang (talk) 14:20, 30 January 2017 (UTC)

=Definitely more portable= It is most definitely not Linux-only. For example, the pkgsrc package for cdparanoia has:

ONLY_FOR_PLATFORM=     FreeBSD-*-* NetBSD-*-* Linux-*-* DragonFly-*-* Darwin-*-*

And it's part of FreeBSD ports and works perfectly.

I am not sure to what extent multiple platforms are supported in the upstream repository, but certainly from a practical standpoint cdparanoia is available on multiple platforms. Scode
 * It's also in OpenBSD's native packages/ports. --Mike 22:15, 24 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Cdparanoia started as a patch on cdda2wav in 1997. libparanoia did not exist before the cdrtools project extracted the code from cdparanoia and made the code portable in April 2002. The code conversion made for the cdrtools project includes rewriting the code to clean C and changing the interfaces to allow it to be used as a clean library. Later (in February 2007) the interfaces was slightly changes again to support problems found in the Mac OS X dynamic linker. On May 6th 2006, Monty did give the permission to change the license from GPL to LGPLv2.1. The code in cdrtools now includes many bug-fixes mainly to prevent memory leaks and core dumps from memory access problems. The code in cdparanoia-III-10.2 still does not include the library version, it just added comments to the paranoia code. 87.158.110.240 (talk) 21:48, 13 September 2008 (UTC)

argument validity
Unfortunately, most rippers cannot work properly with a large number of CDROM drives in the desktop world today. The most common problem is sporadic or regular clicks and pops in the read sample, regardless of options or settings. The great lesson from coding software for CDROMS the past 15 years is that drives that don't have bugs reading digital audio are exceptionally rare.

(http://xiph.org/paranoia/faq.html#usecdparanoia) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A02:908:D510:6D20:4448:6861:A258:874F (talk) 07:58, 28 May 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cdparanoia


text:
Luri

Luri may refer to:

 * Luri people or Lurs, an Iranian people
 * Luri language, Western Iranian language continuum spoken by the Lurs
 * Luri dances, Iranian folk dances of Lur people
 * Luri clothing, clothes of Iranian Luri people
 * Luri language (Nigeria), dialect of the Afro-Asiatic language Polci
 * Luri, Haute-Corse, commune in France
 * Luri (river), coastal stream in the department of Haute-Corse, Corsica, France
 * Andrew Luri, Sudanese-Australian actor
 * Diego Luri (born 1985), Brazilian actor, singer and journalist

title: Luri


text: User:Jawr256/Contribution landmarks

title: User:Jawr256/Contribution landmarks


text:
Polabian

Polabian may refer to:

 * Polabian language, an extinct Slavic language spoken by Polabians
 * Polabians, an extinct Slavic tribe living in the eastern part of today's Germany

title: Polabian


text:
Ortrud

Ortrud is a feminine given name, with variant forms Ortraud and Ortrude.

Ortrud may refer to:

 * Ortrud, a character in Richard Wagner's opera Lohengrin
 * Ortrud Beginnen (1938–1999), German film actress
 * Ortrud Mavrin, a character in Anthony Powell's second novel Venusberg (1932)
 * Ortrud Oellermann (active from 1981), South African mathematician
 * 551 Ortrud, a main-belt asteroid

title: Ortrud


text:
Bootham School

Bootham School is a private Quaker boarding school, on Bootham in the city of York in England. It accepts boys and girls ages 3–19 and had an enrolment of 605 pupils in 2016. It is one of seven Quaker schools in England.

The school was founded by the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) and opened on 6 January 1823 in Lawrence Street, York. Its first headmaster was William Simpson (1823–1828). He was followed by John Ford (1828–c. 1865). The school is now on Bootham, near York Minster, in a building originally built in 1804 for Sir Richard Vanden Bempde Johnstone.

The school's motto Membra Sumus Corporis Magni means "We are members of a greater body", quoting Seneca the Younger (Epistle 95, 52).

Academics
Bootham was ranked at 43rd in the 2011 Independent Schools A-Levels League Tables.

Notable alumni
Notable former pupils include the 19th-century parliamentary leader John Bright, the mathematician Lewis Fry Richardson ("father of fractals"), the physicist and electrical engineer Silvanus P. Thompson, the historian A. J. P. Taylor, the actor-manager Brian Rix, the applied linguist Stephen Pit Corder, the child psychiatrist Sir Michael Rutter, the social reformer Seebohm Rowntree, the 1959 Nobel Peace Prize winner Philip Noel-Baker, Cabinet Secretary Sir Jeremy Heywood, singer-songwriter Benjamin Francis Leftwich, the chief executive of Marks & Spencer Stuart Rose and Jon Ingle, better known as drag artist Lady Bunny.

title: Bootham School


text:
Stanford Research Institute Problem Solver

The Stanford Research Institute Problem Solver, known by its acronym STRIPS, is an automated planner developed by Richard Fikes and Nils Nilsson in 1971 at SRI International. The same name was later used to refer to the formal language of the inputs to this planner. This language is the base for most of the languages for expressing automated planning problem instances in use today; such languages are commonly known as action languages. This article only describes the language, not the planner.

Definition
A STRIPS instance is composed of:

 * An initial state;
 * The specification of the goal states – situations that the planner is trying to reach;
 * A set of actions. For each action, the following are included:
 * preconditions (what must be established before the action is performed);
 * postconditions (what is established after the action is performed).

Mathematically, a STRIPS instance is a quadruple $$\langle P,O,I,G \rangle$$, in which each component has the following meaning:

 * 1) $$P$$ is a set of conditions (i.e., propositional variables);
 * 2) $$O$$ is a set of operators (i.e., actions); each operator is itself a quadruple $$\langle \alpha, \beta, \gamma, \delta \rangle$$, each element being a set of conditions. These four sets specify, in order, which conditions must be true for the action to be executable, which ones must be false, which ones are made true by the action and which ones are made false;
 * 3) $$I$$ is the initial state, given as the set of conditions that are initially true (all others are assumed false);
 * 4) $$G$$ is the specification of the goal state; this is given as a pair $$\langle N,M \rangle$$, which specify which conditions are true and false, respectively, in order for a state to be considered a goal state.

A plan for such a planning instance is a sequence of operators that can be executed from the initial state and that leads to a goal state.

Formally, a state is a set of conditions: a state is represented by the set of conditions that are true in it. Transitions between states are modeled by a transition function, which is a function mapping states into new states that result from the execution of actions. Since states are represented by sets of conditions, the transition function relative to the STRIPS instance $$\langle P,O,I,G \rangle$$ is a function

 * $$\operatorname{succ}: 2^P \times O \rightarrow 2^P,$$

where $$2^P$$ is the set of all subsets of $$P$$, and is therefore the set of all possible states. The transition function $$\operatorname{succ}$$ for a state $$C \subseteq P$$, can be defined as follows, using the simplifying assumption that actions can always be executed but have no effect if their preconditions are not met:

The function $$\operatorname{succ}$$ can be extended to sequences of actions by the following recursive equations:

 * $$\operatorname{succ}(C,[\ ]) = C$$
 * $$\operatorname{succ}(C,[a_1,a_2,\ldots,a_n])=\operatorname{succ}(\operatorname{succ}(C,a_1),[a_2,\ldots,a_n])$$

A plan for a STRIPS instance is a sequence of actions such that the state that results from executing the actions in order from the initial state satisfies the goal conditions. Formally, $$[a_1,a_2,\ldots,a_n]$$ is a plan for $$G = \langle N,M \rangle$$ if $$F=\operatorname{succ}(I,[a_1,a_2,\ldots,a_n])$$ satisfies the following two conditions:

 * $$N \subseteq F$$
 * $$M \cap F = \varnothing$$

Extensions
The above language is actually the propositional version of STRIPS; in practice, conditions are often about objects: for example, that the position of a robot can be modeled by a predicate $$At$$, and $$At(room1)$$ means that the robot is in Room1. In this case, actions can have free variables, which are implicitly existentially quantified. In other words, an action represents all possible propositional actions that can be obtained by replacing each free variable with a value. The initial state is considered fully known in the language described above: conditions that are not in $$I$$ are all assumed false. This is often a limiting assumption, as there are natural examples of planning problems in which the initial state is not fully known. Extensions of STRIPS have been developed to deal with partially known initial states.

A sample STRIPS problem
A monkey is at location A in a lab. There is a box in location C. The monkey wants the bananas that are hanging from the ceiling in location B, but it needs to move the box and climb onto it in order to reach them.

Initial state: At(A), Level(low), BoxAt(C), BananasAt(B) Goal state:   Have(bananas)

Actions: // move from X to Y               _Move(X, Y)_ Preconditions: At(X), Level(low) Postconditions: not At(X), At(Y) // climb up on the box _ClimbUp(Location)_ Preconditions: At(Location), BoxAt(Location), Level(low) Postconditions: Level(high), not Level(low) // climb down from the box _ClimbDown(Location)_ Preconditions: At(Location), BoxAt(Location), Level(high) Postconditions: Level(low), not Level(high) // move monkey and box from X to Y               _MoveBox(X, Y)_ Preconditions: At(X), BoxAt(X), Level(low) Postconditions: BoxAt(Y), not BoxAt(X), At(Y), not At(X) // take the bananas _TakeBananas(Location)_ Preconditions: At(Location), BananasAt(Location), Level(high) Postconditions: Have(bananas)

Complexity
Deciding whether any plan exists for a propositional STRIPS instance is PSPACE-complete. Various restrictions can be enforced in order to decide if a plan exists in polynomial time or at least make it an NP-complete problem.

Macro operator
In the monkey and banana problem, the robot monkey has to execute a sequence of actions to reach the banana at the ceiling. A single action provides a small change in the game. To simplify the planning process, it make sense to invent an abstract action, which isn't available in the normal rule description. The super-action consists of low level actions and can reach high-level goals. The advantage is that the computational complexity is lower, and longer tasks can be planned by the solver.

Identifying new macro operators for a domain can be realized with genetic programming. The idea is, not to plan the domain itself, but in the pre-step, a heuristics is created that allows the domain to be solved much faster. In the context of reinforcement learning, a macro-operator is called an option. Similar to the definition within AI planning, the idea is, to provide a temporal abstraction (span over a longer period) and to modify the game state directly on a higher layer.


text:
User talk:S.Camus

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! -- Longhair | Talk 13:13, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
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"Minor" edits
Hi S. Thanks a lot for the work on the musical articles. One little thing you might want to be aware of: "minor" edits generally refer to noncontroversial things like correcting typos and formatting. If you add or remove any amount of actual content, however, small, it's best not to mark it as "minor", e.g. your recent edits to Symphony No. 8 (Bruckner). Thanks! Grover cleveland 01:11, 25 March 2007 (UTC)

Notability of Olivier Py
Hello, this is a message from an automated bot. A tag has been placed on Olivier Py, by another Wikipedia user, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. The tag claims that it should be speedily deleted because Olivier Py seems to be about a person, group of people, band, club, company, or web content, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is notable: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, articles that do not assert the subject's importance or significance may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable. To contest the tagging and request that administrators wait before possibly deleting Olivier Py, please affix the template to the page, and put a note on its talk page. If the article has already been deleted, see the advice and instructions at WP:WMD. Feel free to contact the bot operator if you have any questions about this or any problems with this bot, bearing in mind that '''this bot is only informing you of the nomination for speedy deletion; it does not perform any nominations or deletions itself. To see the user who deleted the page, click here''' CSDWarnBot (talk) 02:01, 11 March 2008 (UTC)

December 2008
Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute constructively to the encyclopedia, adding content without citing a reliable source is not consistent with our policy of verifiability. Take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. If you are familiar with Citing sources, please take this opportunity to add references to the article. Miguel.mateo (talk) 14:41, 14 December 2008 (UTC)

Unreferenced BLPs
Hello S.Camus! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 1 of the articles that you created  is tagged as an Unreferenced Biography of a Living Person. The biographies of living persons policy requires that all personal or potentially controversial information be sourced. In addition, to ensure verifiability, all biographies should be based on reliable sources. If you were to bring this article up to standards, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the article is adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the article:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 04:15, 17 January 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Julia Varady -

PLEASE delete this article and leave me alone, you blithering idiot. The article referred to has been edited over FIFTY times since I last had anything to do with it (which was FOUR AND A HALF YEARS AGO), and I'm the one you frown at? And what for exactly, by the way? What is "potentially controversial" about this article? Wikipedia is full of misinformation and terrible English and you bother me with this article I have next to nothing to do with? What's wrong with you? Wikipedia has been run in the most inept possible way for some time now, there's no way I'm wasting my time with it anymore.--S.Camus (talk) 14:42, 19 January 2010 (UTC)

You're Getting Old
Hi. Please do not add unsourced material or original research to articles, as you did with this edit to You're Getting Old, as this violates Wikipedia's policies of No Original Research and Verifiability. Unsourced personal observations on pop culture references are not permitted, as any material on the episode's content must be supported by reliable secondary sources that explicitly mention the episode's use of it. This type of material was already removed from the article yesterday for this reason. Thanks. :-) Nightscream (talk) 20:35, 10 June 2011 (UTC) I can't imagine by what stretch of idiocy anyone could call the sentence you removed a "personal observation". It is a factual description – which makes the "unsourced" bit equally preposterous. "This type of material was already removed from the article yesterday for this reason." So what? What has this got to do with me?S.Camus (talk) 07:49, 23 July 2011 (UTC)

Hello?
Are you still here, S.Camus?--Shirt58 (talk) 12:57, 5 April 2012 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Orchestra Mozart

A tag has been placed on Orchestra Mozart requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about a band or musician, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is important or significant: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, such articles may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable.

If you think that the page was nominated in error, contest the nomination by clicking on the button labelled "Click here to contest this speedy deletion" in the speedy deletion tag. Doing so will take you to the talk page where you can explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. You can also visit the page's talk page directly to give your reasons, but be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be removed without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but do not hesitate to add information that is consistent with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, you can contact one of these administrators to request that the administrator userfy the page or email a copy to you. ukexpat (talk) 18:55, 6 June 2012 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:03, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:S.Camus


text: User talk:68.83.76.126

title: User talk:68.83.76.126


text:
(How Much Is) That Doggie in the Window?

"(How Much Is) That Doggie in the Window?" is a popular novelty song written by Bob Merrill and first registered on September 25, 1952, as "The Doggie in the Window". On January 27, 1953, its sheet music was published in New York as "(How Much Is) That Doggie in the Window".

The best-known version of the song was the original, recorded by Patti Page on December 18, 1952, and released in January 1953 by Mercury Records as catalog numbers 70070 (78 rpm) and 70070X45 (45 rpm) under the title "The Doggie in the Window", with the flip side being "My Jealous Eyes". It reached No. 1 on both the Billboard and Cash Box charts in 1953 and sold over two million copies. Mercury, however, had poor distribution in the United Kingdom. Therefore, a recording by Lita Roza was the one most widely heard in that country, reaching No. 1 on the UK Singles Chart in 1953. It distinguished Roza as the first British woman to have a No. 1 hit in the UK chart and was also the first song with a question in the title to reach the top spot.

Background
"Doggie" was one in a series of successful novelty songs since the 1930s, following on the success of songs such as Bing Crosby's "Pistol Packin' Mama" and Merv Griffin's "I've Got a Lovely Bunch of Coconuts". Prior to the release of "Doggie", composer Bob Merrill penned "If I Knew You Were Comin' I'd've Baked a Cake". The original Page recording included the sounds of dogs barking, credited on the label as "Barks by Joe and Mac" (her arranger, Joe Reisman, and a violinist). The recording also features Page's signature multi-part tight harmonies, all sung by Page. Over the course of her career, she also recorded several other versions.

Popular reception
On April 4, 1953, singer Patti Page's rendition of "The Doggie in the Window" went to No. 1 in the US Billboard magazine chart, staying at that top spot for eight weeks. The song was wildly popular across a wide demographic. The song had school children "yipping", Mercury Records was besieged with requests for free puppies, and the American Kennel Club's annual registrations spiked by eight percent. In all, Page's record sold over 2 million copies. It was the third best-selling song of 1953.

Following the UK top ten debut of Lita Roza's cover version on March 19, 1953, the Patti Page version of the song was released in the UK on March 28, renamed "(How Much Is) That Doggie in the Window" (sans question mark), under Mercury's Oriole Records label. Given the delay getting to market in the UK, it was not as successful as the Roza version, entering the charts at No. 9 on April 2, before leaving the charts altogether five weeks later. The Roza version reached No. 1 on April 23, where it stayed for a single week. For five weeks between March 28, 1953, and April 25, 1953, there were two versions of "Doggie" in the UK's Top 12 singles chart.

Legacy
According to rock historian Michael Uslan, "novelty songs" like "Doggie" led to the "fervent embrace of rock & roll" by 1955. "A lot of songs at that time were extremely bland, squeaky-clean stuff. The music field was ripe for something new, something vibrant to shake the rafters."

The song has since become a popular children's song. Bob Merrill's lyrics were reworked by Iza Trapani into her 2004 children's book, How Much Is That Doggie in the Window?.

In 2009, Page recorded a version of the song with a new title ("Do You See That Doggie in the Shelter") together with new lyrics by Chris Gantry, with the hopes of emphasizing the adoption of homeless animals from animal shelters. The rights to that song were given exclusively to the Humane Society of the United States. Said Page: "'The original song asks the question: 'How much is that doggie in the window?' Today, the answer is 'too much.' And I don't just mean the price tag on the puppies in pet stores. The real cost is in the suffering of the mother dogs back at the puppy mill. That's where most pet store puppies come from. And that kind of cruelty is too high a price to pay.'" Upon Page's death in 2013, the Humane Society wrote in its online eulogy, "We remember her fondly for her compassion for animals."

The song, and Page's version in particular, gained some notoriety for its use in the infamous final scene of John Waters' 1972 film Pink Flamingos.

A season five episode of Cold Case, "Devil's Music", used Patti Page's recording in the opening.

Creative director Ken Levine commented on the use of the song in 2007 video game BioShock as choosing "the sort of crap pop of the time, what we consider pop music, like Patti Page, which holds up more for its nostalgic value than for being great music." He also remarked that the story of BioShock is "a sad story – not a horror story" and "we counterpoint it with [Patti Page's] '(How Much Is) that Doggie in the Window'". However, due to licensing restrictions, Levine noted they had to use "another version of the recording": the game does not use Page's original 1952 overdubbed Mercury recording and instead uses her 1966 re-recording with full orchestra for Columbia Records.

Background
Roza was a singer with the Ted Heath jazz band in the 1950s. During this period, she was voted Favourite Female Vocalist in a Melody Maker poll from 1951 to 1955 and in a similar New Musical Express poll from 1952 to 1955.

In 1951, Roza recorded "Allentown Jail" with the Heath Band, which led to her A&R man Dick Rowe asking her to sing "(How Much is) That Doggie in the Window". Her initial response was negative: "I'm not recording that; it's rubbish." She recalled that he pleaded with her, responding, "It'll be a big hit; please do it, Lita." She relented, saying she would record it but never sing it again afterwards. Roza's version was recorded on Wednesday, February 18, 1953, with accompaniment directed by Johnny Douglas.

Reception
"(How Much is) That Doggie in the Window" was a new entry in the UK charts on March 14, 1953, at No. 9. It moved up to No. 3 in its second and third week of release before dropping down to No. 4 on April 4. On April 11, it moved up to No. 2 for a week, before reaching No. 1 on April 18. This made Lita Roza both the first female vocalist to top the UK singles chart and the first artist from Liverpool to do so, long before the success of The Beatles or Cilla Black in the 1960s. Roza held the top spot for one week, before gradually dropping down the top ten over the next five weeks, with its final week in the top ten being at No. 9 on May 23.

Other contemporary versions
Record sales in the UK were not a threat to the sheet music charts, broadcast on Radio Luxembourg, until around 1955. It is thought that the last sheet music million sellers were in 1953, and it has been suggested that "(How Much is) That Doggie in the Window" was the final title to reach this figure. The song entered the sheet music charts on February 28, 1953, and peaked at No. 1 on March 28, its fifth week on the chart, staying there for six weeks in total. No recordings were commercially available until after the song had entered the sheet music charts, with several versions issued in March 1953: these were by Lita Roza, Patti Page, Carole Carr with Children's Choir and Rustler the Dog, and British actor John Slater. The following month, a version by the British child star Mandy Miller, who was aged just 8, was released. A parody version by American country music duo Homer and Jethro (titled "That Hound Dog in the Window") was released in November in the UK after the song had left the charts. In May 1954, the UK branch of Mercury re-issued Page's recording. The company had taken over distribution of American Mercury's repertoire from Oriole, who had originally released the Page version in the UK.

Legacy
Lita Roza was widely reported to have strongly disliked her song. In an interview in 2004, she revealed that she had kept her promise never to perform the song: "I sang it once, just one take, and vowed I would never sing it again. When it reached number one, there was enormous pressure to perform it, but I always refused. It just wasn't my style." However, she would go on to be most widely remembered for that song. In 2001, Roza opened Liverpool's Wall of Hits on Mathew Street, home of The Cavern Club. On display were various discs from every British number-one from Merseyside, the first being her own.

The song returned to the spotlight briefly during the 1980s as the result of an interview with Smash Hits magazine, wherein Margaret Thatcher, who was then serving as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, admitted that Lita Roza's version of "Doggie" was her favourite song of all time.

Following Roza's death in August 2008, she left £300,000 in her will to charities, of which £190,000 went to three dog-related charities: Battersea Dogs and Cats Home, The Guide Dogs for the Blind Association, and The Cinnamon Trust.

Parodies
The song has also been parodied a few times, including:
 * In 1953, the year of the original's release, country musicians Homer & Jethro, "the thinking man's hillbillies," released their parody, "How Much Is That Hound Dog in the Window?" ("Window" was pronounced "winder", and the lyrics continued with, "... I do hope that flea bag's for sale....") It was to become an enormous hit – their first crossover hit – and rose to No. 2 on Billboard's country charts. It also made number 17 on the Billboard Hot 100.
 * A Yiddish version by Mickey Katz entitled "(How Much Is) That Pickle in the Window" was released when the song was first popular in 1953.
 * Another notable (but hardly known) parody, according to David English, former president of RSO Records – which went on to become Eric Clapton's and the Bee Gees' record label – was the very first record released by that company in 1973, with Tim Rice and Andrew Lloyd Webber. The record was "Window The In Doggie (That is Much How)" – sung to the tune of "Doggie", but with each line of lyrics sung backwards. According to the pseudonyms listed on the label, the artist was "Rover", the song was produced by "Jo Rice", and it was arranged by "Don Gould". English would later quip that the record "sold about eight copies".
 * "How much is that window in the doggie ?" was written by the quadriplegic cartoonist John Callahan. A pane of glass falls from a building and slices into a man's seeing-eye dog. A child observer asks the inverted question. Callahan's cartoons often dealt with taboo subjects.