text:
WRCM

WRCM (91.9 FM) is a listener-supported, non-commercial radio station licensed to Wingate, North Carolina and serving the Charlotte metropolitan area. It airs a Contemporary Christian radio format and identifies itself as "K-LOVE". It is owned by the Educational Media Foundation, based in Rocklin, California, a non-profit ministry. Some listeners can also hear K-LOVE on 94.1 WWLV in Lexington, North Carolina or on 88.3 WLXK in Boiling Springs, North Carolina.

History
Columbia International University, then known as Columbia Bible College, applied to the FCC for the license in 1982. Internally, this was known as The 92 FM Project. Other entities applied on top of CBC including Wingate College (now Wingate University) and a church in Waxhaw, North Carolina area. After 10 years of negotiations with the other groups, WRCM was granted the license and was signed on the air by founding general manager Ken Mayfield at 12 noon on June 14, 1993. Present at sign on were CIU president, Johnny Miller; CIU vice president John Davidson and former CIU president, Robertson C. McQuilken. (The station's call letters -RCM- were in honor of his father, Robertson C. McQuilkin, the first president of Columbia Bible College.)

WRCM's first staff consisted of full-timers Ken Mayfield, the station's first general manager and afternoon personality, program director and morning host, Rodney Baucom, and Karen Wycoff, who served as mid-day announcer and secretary. Mayfield had built and managed another contemporary Christian station, WNOW and had hosted a very popular Sunday morning Contemporary Christian music program for 7 years on Charlotte's 100,000 watt WBCY (now WLNK). Part-time staff members included Shelly Mitchell and Joe Paulo. Paulo stepped into the role of general manager shortly after Mayfield departed in 1999.

WRCM garnered immediate success with a 2.4 in its first Arbitron ratings. This success was in spite of the lack of advertising. Almost all of the "promotion" for the fledgling station had to come by word of mouth and from the station staff at Christian concerts.

Original plans were for WRCM to be a satellite station of Columbia Bible College's original station, WMHK. However, these plans were scrapped, and the station was largely operated and programmed separately from WMHK. However, longtime general manager Joe Paulo was named director of broadcasting at CIU after the departure of WMHK's General Manager Jerry Grimes, with oversight over both stations. Under his watch, WMHK began simulcasting WRCM's "Family Friendly Morning Show," and the two stations both aired the syndicated "Scott and Sam" show on weeknights.

Signal
During its time as a local broadcaster, the station identified itself as "New Life 91.9, WRCM Wingate/Charlotte" and heavily promoted churches throughout the Charlotte metropolitan area. However, its signal is not as strong as those of the major FM stations in the Charlotte area. For most of its history, it operated at only 10,000 watts, resulting in marginal coverage even in some parts of Charlotte. In many of Charlotte's inner-ring suburbs, it could only be heard on car radios. It has since increased its power to 30,000 watts. However, it still operates from a tiny (by modern broadcasting standards) 495-foot tower near its former studios in Indian Trail. This is necessary to protect WSGE in Dallas, which is located on adjacent 91.7 FM. As a result, it still only provides grade B coverage to large parts of the market. Before the addition of the WRZM simulcast, most Christian music fans in the western part of the market got a better signal from WMIT in the Asheville area.

Programming
Before its switch to K-LOVE, WRCM's music rotation consisted of six or seven current songs in heavy rotation and a mix of six or seven new songs and "classics" from the last two to five years in medium rotation played in a tight format, often back to back with only the station jingle separating songs from each other. New songs were chosen with the help of the listener advisory panel.

The station often promoted live concerts by Contemporary Christian (CCM) musicians, and carried out its Christian mission by performing good works such as collecting donations of baby clothes to support mothers in need who might otherwise consider getting abortions.

WRCM used the "Charlotte's Number One" Radio Jingle package from RadioScape until it switched to the K-LOVE programming format.

Starting in 2014, WRCM was simulcast on WRZM in Boiling Springs, North Carolina.

On October 6, 2014, it was announced that WRCM, along with translators WRZM, W268BU, and sister station WMHK, were being sold to EMF Broadcasting. The deal closed on December 19, 2014, a day later than expected because of last-minute legal issues. General manager Joe Paulo signed the station off as a local broadcasting entity with a prayer and Chris Rice's rendition of "Great is Thy Faithfulness" at 4:32 p.m. At that point, WRCM flipped its programming to the national K-LOVE network. Paulo said that the hymn was the first song ever played on WRCM when it signed on in 1993. K-LOVE already owned WWLV in Lexington, North Carolina; which provides a fairly strong signal to the northern portion of the Charlotte market. The combined footprint of WMHK, WRCM/WLXK, WWLV, and WKVK gives K-LOVE at least secondary coverage to more than half of North and South Carolina.

title: WRCM


text:
User:Sjakkalle/Admin criterion

Criterion I base my vote on
Sjakkalle's admin criterion of whether he will support or oppose a candidate is:
 * 1) Promoting the candidate to administrator status must be a Good Thing.

Some of the criteria Sjakkalle does not apply include:
 * 1) The candidate must be an inclusionist.
 * 2) The candidate must be a deletionist.
 * 3) The candidate must not be an inclusionist.
 * 4) The candidate must not be a deletionist.
 * 5) *Reason: Candidates should be judged solely on their merits. Since admins are not imbued with any special privelege to have their opinions weigh any more heavily than others, it does not hurt either the inclusionist or the deletionist camp to have a deletionist or inclusionist candidate become an admin. Voting oppose or support because someone is inclusionist is silly, this is not a Wiki-political election. Another point is that people should be able to vote in line with their convictions on VFD, VFU, TFD, CFD and RFD, and not out of fear of receiving oppose votes on a possible future adminship request. Examples of the kind of vote which disturbs me is this vote in the "correct column" and this vote in the "wrong" column.
 * 6) A user which I dislike must have opposed the candidate.
 * 7) No users which I dislike can have supported the candidate.
 * 8) None of the other votes must be troubling to me.
 * 9) *Reason: Such criteria have nothing to do with the candidate. Judge a candidacy based on the candidate, not on the people supporting or opposing. It disturbs me to see votes like "I'm opposing because I'm put off by xxx's support vote" or "yyy's oppose vote convinced me that I should support" or "Anyone that zzz hates must be a good guy". For instance is spurious reasoning, even though it was in the correct column. Another reason I dislike this kind of vote is that it damages the environment at Wikipedia, voting opposite of another user just for the sake of it seems to violate the WP:WIN philosophy.
 * 10) The user must have at least 100 edits in the Wikipedia namespace
 * 11) *Actually I did follow this criterion once, and I opposed User:Khaosworks' adminship because of it. The reason I discarded this criterion is User:Khaosworks. He has done a good job.

Some clarifications
OK, my criterion says little, so here is some clarification (or perhaps it is more fog).

Number of edits
Edit count is a very objective criterion, and it is true that more edits usually mean more experience. But while it can be an OK place to get a first impression, it is a poor place to stop. In particular Now with that said, an "average" nominee would need something around 1500 edits, which means that a person with less than 500 almost certainly has too little, while one with over 3000 almost always has enough. But there is no barrier between 1499 and 1500.
 * 1) An editor who sometimes gets a bit sloppy and doesn't use the "show preview" button can easily have double the number of edits (or more) than a careful contributor.
 * 2) Wikipedians are not Dungeons and Dragons characters who suddenly go up one experience level upon reaching 1000 (or 2000) edits and become imbued with twice the power at that point.

Time
Again, time spent is an objective criterion, and again it is a mistake to use a D&D like absolute guideline on it. In general, I would expect an admin nominee to have something around 2 months or 3 months.

Experience
Experience with the project is important, but as I said above, is a function of more things than just number of edits and time spent. Has the contributor made some very good contributions to articles? Has the contributor been an active participant in debates and discussions (Village Pump, Deletion, and so on). Maybe the contributor has been active in fighting vandalism at RecentChanges. I set no real demand on participation in any, but it should be demonstrated that they know what Wikipedia is about. There should be some variation in the contributions, specialization is fine, but some contributions outside the field of specialization is also needed.

Conflict
How a candidate handles conflicts is more important. Some candidates can honestly say that they have been able to avoid conflict. That's good, I will not hold that against them. I don't demand a battle scar. In most cases, such a user is one which I have had very little interaction with or have seen very little however, so that would mean I wouldn't vote in the RFA anyway. (Typically such RFAs for contributors with great contributions to articles but with little participation in the Wikipedia namespace where most of the conflicts take place are successful, but have very few votes, around 20, sometimes less.)

But having demonstrated good conduct in times of conflict is definitely a plus. An admin who is fairly active will run into conflicts, and it will be good to know that the users equipped with block-buttons can keep their head cool under fire. Also, it is not a really good thing to always dodge conflict, because when faced with trolls and vandals, a firm administrator is needed to put a stop to it. (This does not mean that an admin who shies away from conflict is unfit for the job, it just means that they aren't very active on the front lines.)

A candidate who is prone to making angry remarks at people who disagree with him or her is not such a good candidate. Some angry remarks or misplaced criticism are OK, everyone loses their cool occasionally, but such incidents should be the exception, not the rule.

Candidates who aggressively challenge every oppose vote, rather than politely responding to them, are doing themselves a disservice. An admin must be able to take criticism.

Worse are cases of candidates who have made trolling comments, personal attacks, or used foul language at anybody, including people who have made trolling comments, personal attacks and foul language against them. An administrator will run into trolls, vandals and rude people, and has to be able to tackle this, without decending to such a level. Civility is important, and admins must follow it. Now, these bad things go over, having a history of foul language in the past, and then having improved the behavior is possible. That means a delay to the adminship, not eternal banishment from it.

Vandalism and other nonsense
Some admin candidates have foolishly vandalized something, or inserted some other nonsense due to boredome most likely, and when that happens, the RFA usually fails. I cut a little bit of slack because I don't want to make a too big distinguishment between those who get caught and those who don't. One "harmless" incident (e.g. nominating April Fools Day for deletion on April 1) in the past month won't knock my support vote away, a few "harmless" ones might however. A "harmful" incident (e.g. vandalizing a page with foul language to make an attack on someone) in the past month is more serious.

The bottom line
The candidate must have demonstrated that it's a good thing to make them an administrator.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Sjakkalle/Admin criterion


text: Category:Tierra del Fuego Province

title: Category:Tierra del Fuego Province


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/All Request

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep (no consensus). Sjakkalle (Check!)  12:37, 20 Jun 2005 (UTC)

All_Request
Although the majority of television shows maybe notable, I dont consider this to be a show, nor notable. It plays music requests, and can barely fill more than one sentence in description. Unless its rambled on about VJ's and what they played or said, I see no encyclopedic content, at this time. <> Who ? ¿ ? 06:52, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete NN. --Jeffrey O. Gustafson 07:10, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with VH1 Classic or keep, national television show. Kappa 07:13, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, notable subtype of music program. Kappa 17:29, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable. JamesBurns 11:07, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. It has been expanded somewhat and there is no reason it could not grow longer. As Kappa mentioned national television shows are certainly encyclopedic. - SimonP 15:54, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Reluctant keep. Just barely above the bar of notability.  RickK 21:20, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Talk:Son of a gun

Dictionary
This looks more like a definition of a slang term than an encyclopedia entry, so I think this belongs in Wiktionary. LudwigVan 06:52, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I would suggest moving this to the Wiktionary (how does one do this?) or deleting this. Madman 21:17, 13 December 2005 (UTC)

BS
wow this article is complete bullshit, awesome
 * Yeah. Wikipedia loves folk etymologies. --Tysto (talk) 01:29, 2 July 2009 (UTC)

Alternate possible origination
An alternative explanation, first heard in Hong Kong from British friends, was that the term derived from pre-modern warships - where sailors had their hammocks strung among the broadside cannons. Children who were the product of these sailors [whether conceived on board in the sailor's living quarters - 'at the guns' - or on land] were bastards and never knew their fathers. Thus it was an expletive commenting on the person's birth and only tangentially on the nature of the person's mother [rather than 'son of a bitch/dog'.]

 * Then of course you have the old story of a bullet flying through a testicle and into a woman's uterus, impregnating her. Perhaps this is younger?
 * Anyway we never hear about 'daughters of a gun'.Can anyone explain this?

 * Son of a gun rhymes. Daughter of a gun doesn't. M0ffx 20:58, 2 September 2006 (UTC)

One unconfirmed fable says the meaning of son of a gun comes from American Civil War times, when a bullet passed through a soldier's scrotum, passing through him into a woman nearby, and lodged into the woman's ovaries, depositing the sperm, thus impregnating her and bestowing on her unborn child the phrase of "son of a gun". This is quite possibly the most ridiculous thing I have ever heard. Where the hell did this 'fable' come from? --81.79.131.141 21:35, 21 June 2006 (UTC)

''This is possibly folk etymology, but the explanation I have always been given is that a 'son of a gun' is someone born shortly after a shotgun wedding. ''Johnwaylandbales (talk) 20:17, 10 September 2018 (UTC)

yeah... no
This article is exemplatory of how bad wikipedia is. Never use wikipedia except for rough information.

One unconfirmed fable says the meaning of son of a gun comes from American Civil War times, when a bullet passed through a soldier's scrotum, passing through him into a woman nearby, and lodged into the woman's ovaries, depositing the sperm, thus impregnating her and bestowing on her unborn child the phrase of "son of a gun". The story's origin is a facetious article in an 1874 medical journal[3];

NPOV. First, there are written records proving the existance of said jornal, and other records proving the impossibility of the situation, what is unconfirmed? Also, "unconfirmed fable" is an oxymoron. "Scoopes" is not an acceptable source, it is entirely biased and unscientific anlysis of the situation, just regurgitated from other sources (brings in mind a certain website). —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 131.247.240.122 (talk) 05:14, 1 March 2007 (UTC).

Nothing to do with gun decks
"Son of a gun" is a simple rhyming euphemism for "son of a bitch", the gun deck-hypothesis is a classic, but still wrong.

http://www.wordorigins.org/index.php/site/comments/son_of_a_gun/

Maybe someone would like to rewrite the article. Maikel (talk) 20:02, 1 January 2008 (UTC)

I also think this article needs rewriting - in particular, this paragraph...

"When a Royal Navy vessel entered a port it was common for local prostitutes to visit the ship and elicit custom from the sailors. The sailors and prostitutes then had sexual relations, usually on one of the gun decks beside the many guns carried, one of the few places Able and Ordinary Seaman could obtain some sort of privacy. Should the prostitute subsequently fall pregnant by the sailor, she would then attempt to obtain compensation from the father or the navy for the upkeep of the child. This was usually not forthcoming and the father's name would be withheld. When it was fairly certain that the child had been conceived upon board one of His Majesty's vessels, the infant would be entered into the ship's records as 'child born to gun number X', the X denoting the gun position the sailor responsible for the errant behaviour was allocated-to, his name being omitted to maintain probity. These children born in this manner had no father's name on any official records and the male ones were referred to by knowing sailors as being 'sons of guns', a term denoting illegitimacy and contempt."

...which sounds suspiciously like a folk etymology, especially since there's no citation. Even Admiral Smythe's take on it isn't without its folk-etymology flavor; that might have been his interpretation of the word's origin, but he could have been incorrect. I'll see what I can do for the article. Graymornings (talk) 03:12, 29 January 2008 (UTC)

Unreliable claim removed
I've removed the following section as both inadequately sourced, and a logical nonsense. Bringing it here in case thee is disagreement:

"Less reliably, it is claimed that the term refers to a child of questionable parentage conceived on the gun deck of a ship, hence 'son of a gun'. The term possibly predates this claimed origin, and Snopes.com lists it as being part of the English lexicon since at least 1708, although British warships, such as the Mary Rose, had carried gun decks since at least the times of Henry VIII in the 16th century. It was also necessary to record in the ship's papers the father of the child. As the parentage was uncertain, the senior non-commissioned officer, "The Gunner's Mate", was ascribed as the parent."

My reasons for removing this are:
 * Inadequate sourcing - the only sources in the paragraph are a blog which fails WP:RS, and a second blog rebutting the first blog (which also fails WP:RS). The last two sentences are essential for the overall etymological claim to make any sense, but have no sources at all. By comparison the remaining etymology (about births in spaces between broadside guns) is sourced to an academic text written by Kemp in his role as Head of History at Admiralty, and supported by a primary source in the form of Smyth's wordbook. The Downing claim re feudal knights is also reliably sourced.
 * Logical inconsistency - do we seriously imagine that prostitutes, falling pregnant to British sailors in foreign ports, then queued up at Admiralty House to legitimise the birth of their child and have thgem nominally recorded as being the offspring of sailors? Do we think that captains of RN vessels maintained a log of the children of sailors aboard, where those children were born on land in foreign ports? Do we have any evidence that gunners mates were recorded anywhere as being the nominal parent for the bastards of ordinary seamen? Do we think gunner's mates are even "the senior non-commissioned officer" aboard any vessel (and not, say the sailing master or any of the midshipmen who outranked gunners mates everywhere)? Apologies for the slight sarcasm in these questions, but no single element of this claim stacks up.

Happy to discuss if anyone disagrees with this removal. But per the above, and the previous talkpage threads on this page, this second etymology seems to be poorly sourced nonsense. Articles should be comprehensive, but not the point of being simply wrong. On the basis of sourcing alone, I don't believe the above blog-sourced and illogical claim should be placed in the article alongside two alternatives each on reliable secondary sources. -- Euryalus (talk) 06:13, 8 January 2015 (UTC)

Plagiarism
This is copied from Urban Dictionary. http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=son%20of%20a%20gun Puppyluv7975 (talk) 21:28, 16 July 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Son of a gun


text:
Gross rating point

In advertising, a gross rating point (GRP) measures the size of an audience that an advertisement impacts. GRPs help answer how often "must someone see it before they can readily recall it" and "how many times" does it take before the desired outcome occurs.

Overview
Gross rating points are a measure of the impact by a campaign using a specific medium or schedule. It quantifies impressions as a percentage of the target population, multiplied by frequency. This percentage may be greater, or in fact much greater, than 100.

Target rating points express the same concept, but with regard to a more narrowly defined target audience.

GRPs are used predominantly as a measure of media with high potential exposures or impressions. Nielsen Media Research is an example of a company which uses GRPs.

Purpose
With "today's fragmented media world" the value of GRP is, according to the Advertising Research Foundation's Journal of Advertising Research, even greater than in the pre-Internet era. Since "the required frequency changes with the product and the competitive climate it is in", the purpose of the GRP metric is to measure impressions compared to the number of people in the target for an advertising campaign. GRP values are commonly used by media buyers to compare the advertising strength of components of a media plan.

For conventional media such as radio and TV, multi-tasking has reduced the value per GRP, and a measure named Persuasion Rating Point (PRP) was proposed in mid 2020.

Construction
"One GRP is one percent of all potential adult television viewers (or in radio, listeners) in a market." If they are exposed to the ad three times, then that is 3 GRPs.

GRPs are simply total impressions related to the size of the target population: They are most directly calculated by summing the ratings of individual ads in a campaign.

Mathematically:
 * GRPs (%) = 100 * Total Impressions (#) ÷ Defined population (#)
 * GRPs (%) = 100 * Reach (%) × Average frequency (#)

Three examples:
 * If 100,000 ad impressions are displayed on multiple episodes or TV stations for a defined population of 100,000 people, the total is 100 GRPs. However, total reach is not always 100%.
 * If an average of 12% of the people view each episode of a television program, and an ad is placed on 5 episodes, then the campaign has 12 × 5 = 60 GRPs.
 * If 50% view three episodes, that's 150 GRPs.

title: Gross rating point


text:
User:BlankVerse/rants/evidence

<User:BlankVerse/Other Subpages

Repeating internet nonsense
The following was added to the haiku article:

A well-known self-referential haiku reads, To express oneself In seventeen syllables Is very diffic-

If you don't know haiku, this was the equivalent of adding a bit of doggerel to the Wikipedia limerick article that didn't have the aabba rhyme structure nor the rigid meter required by the limerick requirements, but you still called it a famous limerick. There are numerous examples of very similar pseudo-haiku on the internet, but that doesn't make them a haiku. With its humorous intent, it is closer to being a senryu, but senryu require both humor and poetry, and the "haiku" above is just a plain sentence that has been sliced into the 5-7-5 syllable format of yuki teikei haiku.

Stuffing something into a 5-7-5 syllable form does not automatically make it a haiku—if by "haiku" we mean a poem based upon the criteria and traditions of the Japanese poetry form haiku. A haiku should almost always have a kigo ("season word"), or a sense of season or place or time. Most haiku also have a kireji ("cutting word'), which is a strong semantic break in the text. Even if they do not have a kireji, they will usually have some sort of comparison, contract, or juxtaposition between different images or ideas.

The 5-7-5 syllable format has, in fact, been mostly abandoned by modern English-language haiku poets for two reasons.
 * 1) What the Japanese count is not syllables, but morae.
 * 2) The English language packs more information per syllables than the Japanese language, so that to match the brevity of Japanese haiku, English-language haiku should have fewer syllables—around 13 syllables is the recommendation from one expert.

title: User:BlankVerse/rants/evidence


text:
Airdrie-Rocky View

Airdrie-Rocky View was a provincial electoral district in Alberta, Canada, mandated to return a single member to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta using the first past the post method of voting from 1997 to 2004.

History
The riding was created in the 1997 electoral district re-distribution to encompass the area North and East of the City of Calgary. The former Three Hills-Airdrie electoral district was split, with the north part of the riding merged with Olds-Didsbury, to form Olds-Didsbury-Three Hills, the south half forming the eastern portion of Airdrie-Rocky View. The southern portion of Olds-Didsbury and western portion of Drumheller would also be transferred to Airdrie-Rocky View.

The Airdrie-Rocky View electoral district was abolished in the 2003 electoral boundary re-distribution and the territory being formed into the new electoral districts of Airdrie-Chestermere to the East, and Foothills-Rocky View to the West.

title: Airdrie-Rocky View


text:
Chinois

A chinois is a conical sieve with an extremely fine mesh. It is used to strain custards, purees, soups, and sauces, producing a very smooth texture. It can also be used to dust food with a fine layer of powdered ingredient.

Etymology
Chinois is a loanword from the French adjective meaning 'Chinese'. French cooks call it this not because this kitchen tool comes from China but because it resembles an Asian conical hat.

Description
A similarly shaped utensil is the China cap, a reference to the Asian conical hats that used to be common in China. It is a perforated metal conical strainer with much larger holes than a chinois. A China cap is used to remove seeds and other coarse matter from soft foods, but produces a coarser-textured product than the chinois.

Both the chinois and the China cap often are used with a cone-shaped pestle. With the pestle tip placed in the bottom of the strainer, it is rolled against the sides of the device to work liquids and soft food through it. In this way, the chinois functions much like a tamis, and the China cap functions similar to a food mill. A small ladle can also be used instead of a pestle, allowing for scooping solids from the sides of the strainer as well as pressing liquid through the mesh.

title: Chinois


text:
Harry Ainlay

Harry Dean Ainlay (January 3, 1887 – March 12, 1970) was a Canadian educator and politician, noted for his many years of service in Edmonton, Alberta, as a teacher and principal with Edmonton Public Schools and as a long time member of Edmonton City Council, including three consecutive terms as Mayor of Edmonton.

Early life
Harry Ainlay was born in Brussels, Ontario to Watson and Emily (née Sparling) Ainlay, and earned his teaching certificate in that province. He came to Alberta in 1907 to help his carpenter father and settled near Stavely for several years before moving to Edmonton in 1912. In 1911, he married Edith Hammill; the two would remain married until her death in 1959.

Ainlay spent several years in the real estate business, then returned to school at the University of Alberta. Upon his graduation in 1920, he returned to teaching, in the Edmonton Public Schools system. Ainlay served as vice-principal of the Queen Alexandra School and principal of the Garneau and Strathcona High School, now Old Scona Academic High School.

Municipal politics
While still serving as an educator, Ainlay first sought public office in the 1930 Edmonton election, when he ran for alderman on Edmonton City Council and was defeated, finishing ninth of twelve candidates. He was successful in the 1931 election, when he finished second of fifteen candidates and was elected to a two-year term. He was re-elected in the 1933 election (finishing third of seventeen candidates), but was defeated in the 1935 election.

Once out of office, Ainlay made his first bid for mayor in the 1936 election, finishing third of five candidates as incumbent Joseph Clarke was re-elected. He made two subsequent unsuccessful attempts to return to aldermanic office (in the 1937 and 1938 elections) before taking three years off from municipal politics.

Ainlay returned to office in the 1941 election, finishing first of fourteen candidates in the aldermanic race. He was re-elected in 1943, but resigned halfway through his two-year term to run for mayor in the 1945 election, when he defeated Winslow Hamilton. He was re-elected in the 1946 and 1947 elections, defeating Thomas Cairns and Frederick Speed, respectively. His 1947 win was notable because it marked the first election in which the mayor was elected to a two-year term.

As mayor, Ainlay introduced daylight saving time in the city after city residents voted in a 1946 plebiscite in favour of the change and after the Government of Alberta refused to bring it in province-wide. Government offices in Edmonton abided by the city's DST, although the government opposed the time change. The next session of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta passed legislation outlawing the use of daylight saving time in Alberta, and Edmonton returned to standard time until Alberta adopted DLT following a successful vote held concurrently with the 1971 Alberta general election.

Harry Ainlay did not seek re-election in the 1949 election, due to health issues arising from a serious fall he had sustained working on his retirement home in BC.

Provincial and federal politics
Ainlay ran in provincial and federal elections a total of four times, each time under the banner of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation. The first was in a 1936 by-election in the riding of Edmonton, when he finished last in a three candidate field that was won by Liberal Walter Morrish. (The other candidate, United Front candidate Margaret Crang, had been an aldermanic colleague of Ainlay's, and fellow Labour rep, when he had served on city council. Due to her running against Ainlay, she was thrown out of the CCF.)

His second bid for provincial office took place in the 1940 Alberta election, in which Ainlay again ran in the Edmonton riding. He finished eighth of nineteen candidates on the first count (at the time, the riding used a single transferable vote method of electing its representatives), and was not one of the five candidates elected.

Ainlay's lone bid for federal office took place in the 1945 federal election, when he ran in the riding of Edmonton East. He finished second of five candidates, ahead of incumbent Liberal MP Cora Taylor Casselman but still being defeated by Social Creditor Patrick Ashby.

Ainlay repeated the experience finishing ahead of incumbent, but still losing, in his last bid for office. He had moved to British Columbia, where he ran in the 1952 provincial election in the riding of Dewdney. He finished second of four candidates, ahead of incumbent Progressive Conservative Roderick Charles MacDonald, but being defeated by Lyle Wicks of the British Columbia Social Credit League. Already more than 60 years old, this was his last bid for public office.

Post-political career, death, and legacy
After leaving politics, Ainlay was the head of the Yellowhead Route Association in the 1940s and 1950s. He died in Haney, British Columbia on March 12, 1970. He was survived by his second wife, Jean.

In 1966, the newly constructed Harry Ainlay Composite High School was named in his honour. He left an endowment for a $500 scholarship to be given in his name to a graduating student planning on pursuing a career in Education.

title: Harry Ainlay


text:
Talk:UANL

How about merging this article with the "Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon Article"

title: Talk:UANL


text:
User:ATDT

An assortment of articles I had no hand in writing:

 * San Telmo (ship)
 * Pizza effect
 * Unalaska, Alaska
 * Onfim
 * Mondegreen
 * Peruvian Immortal
 * Endling
 * Saccade
 * Moravec's paradox
 * ARMAN
 * Envy-free cake-cutting
 * Zugzwang
 * Bardiya
 * Megalopyge opercularis
 * Betteridge's law of headlines
 * Saint-Louis-du-Ha! Ha!
 * Tarrare
 * Kola Superdeep Borehole
 * Unexpected hanging paradox
 * Dahala Khagrabari
 * Polywater
 * Pessimism porn
 * Immovable Ladder
 * Surprisingly popular
 * Deadwood bonsai techniques
 * Cold War playground equipment
 * Guess 2/3 of the average
 * Otis controller
 * A Book from the Sky
 * List of paradoxes
 * Bamileke dancers
 * Chekhov's gun
 * Street light interference phenomenon
 * Dolgopolsky list (and Swadesh list)
 * Kleroterion
 * Poka-yoke
 * Yakovlevian torque
 * verschlimmbessern
 * The Hardest Logic Puzzle Ever
 * Aptronym
 * List of rivers that have reversed direction
 * Maurizio Cattelan
 * Magazine cover indicator
 * Silbo Gomero language
 * The All-Joking, All-Drunken Synod of Fools and Jesters
 * Sumerian Male Worshiper
 * Avenue of the Baobabs
 * National Raisin Reserve
 * Sexy prime
 * List of inventors killed by their own inventions
 * Meine Augen zur Zeit der Erscheinungen
 * Honorifics for the dead in Judaism
 * Ha-ha
 * Pizza Principle
 * Zero rupee note
 * Zero-width space
 * Preserved Fish
 * Russian copulation
 * List of smaller islands in New York City
 * Information-theoretic death
 * The Bottom
 * Forest_tent_caterpillar
 * Ghost word
 * Thursday October Christian I
 * Ietsism
 * Poe's law
 * Non-apology apology

title: User:ATDT


text:
Dunay

Dunay may refer to:
 * Dunay, an ancient Slovenian river
 * The Danube River
 * Dunay, Iran (disambiguation), places in Iran
 * Dunay (inhabited locality), name of several inhabited localities in Russia
 * Soviet training ship Dunay, a Soviet tall ship
 * Dunay radar, a Soviet missile defense radar

title: Dunay


text:
Sulfonyl group

In organosulfur chemistry, a sulfonyl group can refer either to a functional group found primarily in sulfones, or to a substituent obtained from a sulfonic acid by the removal of the hydroxyl group, similarly to acyl groups. Sulfonyl groups can be written as having the general formula R\sS(\dO)2\sR′, where there are two double bonds between the sulfur and oxygen.

Sulfonyl groups can be reduced to the sulfide with DIBALH. Lithium aluminium hydride (LiAlH4) reduces some but not all sulfones to sulfides.

In inorganic chemistry, when the group \sS(\dO)2\s is not connected to any carbon atoms, it is referred to as sulfuryl.

Examples of sulfonyl group substituents
The names of sulfonyl groups typically end in -syl, such as:

 * {| class=wikitable

!Group name !Full name !Pseudoelement symbol !Example
 * Tosyl
 * p-toluenesulfonyl
 * Ts
 * Tosyl chloride (p-toluenesulfonyl chloride) CH3C6H4SO2Cl
 * Brosyl
 * p-bromobenzenesulfonyl
 * Bs
 * Nosyl
 * o- or p-nitrobenzenesulfonyl
 * Ns
 * Mesyl
 * methanesulfonyl
 * Ms
 * Mesyl chloride (methanesulfonyl chloride) CH3SO2Cl
 * Triflyl
 * trifluoromethanesulfonyl
 * Tf
 * Tresyl
 * 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl-1-sulfonyl
 * Dansyl
 * 5-(dimethylamino)naphthalene-1-sulfonyl
 * Ds
 * Dansyl chloride
 * Tf
 * Tresyl
 * 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl-1-sulfonyl
 * Dansyl
 * 5-(dimethylamino)naphthalene-1-sulfonyl
 * Ds
 * Dansyl chloride
 * Dansyl
 * 5-(dimethylamino)naphthalene-1-sulfonyl
 * Ds
 * Dansyl chloride
 * Dansyl chloride

 * }

title: Sulfonyl group


text:
Talk:Sakura Wars

New logo?
this is not so important. but I found this logo. is this the most up to date logo? OR is this only used for one specific game? I'm sorry, I wish I knew more about Sakura Wars.Blue Pumpkin Pie (talk) 17:55, 14 May 2019 (UTC)

I found more evidence that this is indeed the logo for the series. The official website suggests that this is the logo that is used for the series as a whole found here: however it has the "dot com" attached to it. I found another site that has it without the .com. Does anyone think this is a better logo? Would anyone mind if I replaced the old one with the new one?Blue Pumpkin Pie Chat Contribs 16:01, 18 February 2020 (UTC)

 * I have no objections. Lord Sjones23 (talk - contributions) 02:32, 19 February 2020 (UTC)

Animation studio for So Long, My Love
So, in the staff credits for Sakura Wars: So Long, My Love, Production I.G is credited for animation production assistance while M.S.C was credited as the actual animation production studio, even though I.G's website says that they co-produced it. I tried to correct it, but it was reverted. WP:BRD, I'm taking the discussion to the talk page and see what we can do to work out a possible solution. Thoughts? Lord Sjones23 (talk - contributions) 12:00, 17 February 2020 (UTC)
 * Apologies if any offence was taken. I've done what I should've at first; done a search and actually brought up a source to confirm M.S.C.'s involvement. I've rewritten the article accordingly. The thing I was taking exception to was that the edits were made without any changes to sources. I was also a little put out by the addition of staff both without sources and in the main article. In the articles for individual games, it makes sense especially if the staff mentioned have articles. Otherwise it just looks like a Wikia page rather than Wikipedia. --ProtoDrake (talk) 12:15, 17 February 2020 (UTC)
 * No hard feelings. Lord Sjones23 (talk - contributions) 12:17, 17 February 2020 (UTC)

RED's involvement in the development?
Was Red Entertainment ever involved in the development (as in programming, production and playtesting) of the games. while all installments ST96-Dramatic Dungeon had Red credited as licensor (as stated in the opening logos for the pre-ST19-era games) and not as developer (while all the Columns spinoffs and STVE0 credit Red for the character design, STStory is an interesting case as RED had a "licensed & created" credit). VenezuelanSpongeBobFan2004 (talk) 07:33, 20 February 2024 (UTC)

Localized Title for Sakura Wars: Atsuki Chishio Ni
Today a fresh account swept through the Sakura Wars franchise and related pages to revert the localized name of Sakura Wars: Atsuki Chishio Ni from the one used in the English localization for Sakura Wars V, "To My Heating Blood," to a fan-translated title, "In Hot Blood." I have reverted these changes, as they do not reflect the best information we have at this time on what the game should be called in English. The English title for Atsuki Chishio Ni can be viewed (in an emulator) in this screenshot:

https://preview.redd.it/05i7quvq4uu91.png?width=960&crop=smart&auto=webp&s=d3035e94f88b985f6f328e8042ff2fbf7501b103

This screen is not easily accessible because of region-locking on PlayStation 2 consoles, thus making it unlikely that the English release of Sakura V and the Japanese release of Heating Blood would have their save files on the same memory card, but the screen does exist. I recommend that until this localization is superseded by a newer source, we defer to this translation instead of falling back on unofficial fan translations. LordHuffnPuff (talk) 21:04, 28 February 2024 (UTC)

 * I would beg to differ, here. The screen is very much using a placeholder title. Note the lack of copyright information that should exist for the title, and the fact that the game itself includes numerous such instances of unchecked translation errors. For example, referring to Hanabi as "Fireworks" in a bromide description.
 * That the screen is inaccessible without going through an emulator and hacking in save data should be more than proof of that. That this is being treated as an official, sanctioned translation of the title is specious. Maturra (talk) 21:35, 28 February 2024 (UTC)

Further Essay: Official names reinforces this position.
 * I do not believe you need to hack with an emulator - PS2 memory cards are region-free. Furthermore, I'm not sure that even if this were to be the case that it would matter in this context.  Generally all text strings are translated during a localization process irrespective of whether they will be exposed to the player, and indeed, the translation team (especially in older games) is often presented with lines jumbled up, in alphabetical order, in a spreadsheet, or in any other number of contextless or confusing scenarios, which is why you see errors like the Hanabi example you cite.  Thus, we can't say that this is a placeholder title, or a wrong translation - somebody would need to produce some sort of interview or hard evidence to that effect; otherwise we have to presume that the string was translated as intended, given the context for where it appears in the game.  Additionally, it would be odd to include copyright information tagged to in-game text in such a fashion - this is not standard practice for save import system text strings.  I agree that in a subjective sense, "In Hot Blood" is certainly a better translation than To My Heating Blood, but this is the translation that we have, courtesy of NIS America working under license from SEGA, and unless we can produce a superseding document with an alternate title that either postdates the game's North American release, is sourced from SEGA directly, and/or indicates that this title is not meant to be the official title, it's the best we got.  Which kind of sucks, but only one of the two titles under discussion actually appears in the code for a Sakura Wars game and thus meets the standards for Wikipedia's sourcing and citation.LordHuffnPuff (talk) 22:58, 28 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Apologies for the delay.
 * I've gone through my archives and numerous sources. The official English-language Google Play store page for Sega parent company Sammy's app "777 Town" mobile port of the Sakura Wars: Atsuki Chishio ni slot machine refers to the title as "Sakura Wars: In Hot Blood."
 * The most recent update was in September 2023. Maturra (talk) 02:16, 29 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Failing that, Sega's 2003 financial report refers to the title as "To Hot Blood."
 * Both of these titles come directly from Sega and Sammy, at multiple points in time, offering a consensus and general consistency in their own internal naming for the title. Maturra (talk) 02:18, 29 February 2024 (UTC)
 * IMO "To Hot Blood" should be used due to the company using the name and the rather poor sourcing for "To My Heating Blood". Source #10 just gives "Hot Blood" as the translation. Source #95 on Sakura Wars (video game) also has the headline "Sakura Wars -In Hot Blood- Complete Music Collection". Jon698 (talk) 02:43, 29 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Sources #136 and #137 on Sakura Wars also don't give the name "To My Heating Blood", but instead use "Atsuki Chishio Ni". Jon698 (talk) 02:46, 29 February 2024 (UTC)
 * The Google Play link provided above actually uses "In the Hot Blood," not "In Hot Blood" which offers a third translation rather than corroborating the fan translation or the NISA translation. The financial report offers a fourth option.  Regarding 's reference, Source 95 on  Sakura Wars (video game) is using the same fan translation, and is an import review, so should not be considered in this discussion of which translation is Official - it's just the reviewer's best guess, I would imagine.  This gives us the following options, with sources:
 * In Hot Blood - popular fan name, but no official sources recommend this usage (though personally it's the "best" when it comes to natural English usage)
 * To My Heating Blood - Used by NIS America in their translation of Sakura Wars V. This is the only usage that has actually appeared in a Sakura Wars video game, to my knowledge.
 * In the Hot Blood - From the store page of [777TOWN] Pachislot Sakura Wars-In the Hot Blood- via Google Play Store.
 * Hot Blood - From the 777Town Pachislot site... but only if you use the site preview for the store page.
 * To Hot Blood - From Sega Corporation's Consolidated Financial Results for the Year ended March 31, 2003
 * Atsuki Chishio Ni - Just keep the Romaji and avoid this mess.
 * I would discard #1 out of hand due to lack of sourcing (bummer). 2, 3, and 5 are all stronger contenders, with 3 perhaps being the strongest due to it being the most recent.  4 seems like a goof.  It's also maybe the worst grammatically, because of course it is.  Romaji is always an option too, and maybe the best consensus approach, with a footnote about how it has been translated various ways over the years. LordHuffnPuff (talk) 03:22, 29 February 2024 (UTC)
 * I wish to draw attention to policy Article titles; which points out bluntly:
 * "Wikipedia does not necessarily use the subject's "official" name as an article title; it generally prefers the name that is most commonly used (as determined by its prevalence in a significant majority of independent, reliable, English-language sources) as such names will usually best fit the five criteria listed above."
 * There is no widespread usage of the To My Heating Blood name. It's not a common name. The Google Play and Sega Crop financial doc information casts further doubts that this was ever intended as a title, as neither of them uses the word "heating".
 * Further evidence against official status is the lack of any 'trademark symbol'. Trademarks, both registered and unregistered are to be marked with a trademark symbol in most situations. (You can see examples of this on the covers of both official English and Japanese Sakura Wars covers.) If this was planned as and being treated as a title, it would have a trademark symbol. Legal would have been on them to put one there, because failure to properly identify a trademark can harm the ability to defend the trademark in court, especially an unregistered one. It would appear here, as this screen would likely be the only time the title would have appeared in Sakura Wars V.
 * My position is that we should continue with the revert to the Sakura Wars: In Hot Blood, as that name checks off all 5 items on article name checklist: recognizability, naturalness, precision, concision, and consistency.-- The Navigators (talk) 03:58, 29 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Seconding this.
 * At the moment, we're picking from a bunch of non-ideal options, as Sega has never actually announced nor trademarked a formal title for the release.
 * "In Hot Blood," in particular, was born out of being a literal translation of the subtitle "Atsuki Chishio ni," which itself is an excerpt of an excerpt from a tanka in Akiko Yosano's Midaregami.
 * Beyond that, the only really ideal option would be to go with romaji, as "Atsuki Chishio ni" and "In Hot Blood" are both immediately recognizable and consistent, particularly among folks within the greater Sakura Wars community. It does fail the concision and recognizability clauses, though, as:
 * 1. The title doesn't grok super well with folks not in the greater fan community, due to "In Hot Blood" being used almost ubiquitously everywhere from Giant Bomb to news sites like RPGFan.
 * 2. "In Hot Blood" is known well enough that retailers outside of the fan community are labeling products with it. Maturra (talk) 05:38, 29 February 2024 (UTC)
 * I won't stand in the way of consensus if a few more voices want to push hard on Option 1, but I think that this is a misapplication of that policy because we're not naming an article, which is explicitly what that article is about: Article Titles. This game has no dedicated article, only in-article references.  I thing that preferring Atsuki Chishio Ni with a footnote that covers the naming situation is more ideal, and there is precedent - for example, the Tengai Makyō series (from the same developer studio, coincidentally!) uses the Romaji in an article title despite Far East of Eden being a widely-used and recognized English name for that series.  LordHuffnPuff (talk) 10:55, 29 February 2024 (UTC)
 * I'd also be fine with Atsuki Chishio Ni, as it's an official title. Maturra (talk) 02:22, 1 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Given that this conversation has not been updated since 3/1, can we assume consensus? Maturra (talk) 03:38, 6 March 2024 (UTC)
 * I would say yes. Go ahead and make the necessary changes. Jon698 (talk) 18:31, 6 March 2024 (UTC)
 * I was waiting for somebody else to weigh in, seems fine to me. LordHuffnPuff (talk) 21:02, 6 March 2024 (UTC)
 * I would say yes. Go ahead and make the necessary changes. Jon698 (talk) 18:31, 6 March 2024 (UTC)
 * I was waiting for somebody else to weigh in, seems fine to me. LordHuffnPuff (talk) 21:02, 6 March 2024 (UTC)

Although this thread is at least a month old, I agree that we usually go with the most commonly recognizable name. I've contacted the video games WikiProject here for their thoughts on the matter. Lord Sjones23 (talk - contributions) 04:36, 4 April 2024 (UTC)

 * The question as always is what the sources call it. The sources do appear to call it "In Hot Blood", so that is what it ought to be called. What is in the Wii game is largely irrelevant since we as video game article editors know that Engrish is rather common in localizations. ᴢxᴄᴠʙɴᴍ (ᴛ) 05:33, 4 April 2024 (UTC)
 * I agree that we should go with the common name, but I wonder if any of the translated names are "common", or if the untranslated title is still the most recognizable? I'm not at all familiar with the sources so I'll defer to anyone who is. Axem Titanium (talk) 19:45, 4 April 2024 (UTC)
 * "In Hot Blood" has a bit more presence, to the point that some retailers use it for merch. Notably, it's been what Pacino dealers have used to sell machines for ages. Beyond that, it's the common name on news sites like RPGFan and VGMO.
 * Atsuki Chishio Ni gets a lot of play, but IHB tends to be generally known and referenced. Maturra (talk) 20:05, 4 April 2024 (UTC)

 * Outsider opinion: if it's this controversial and unclear what the English translation is, then use "Atsuki Chishio Ni" in prose, with a footnote listing the relevant translations. SnowFire (talk) 18:28, 8 April 2024 (UTC)
 * That's what I suggested. We had consensus and a month of silence, no real reason to reopen this now. LordHuffnPuff (talk) 22:25, 12 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sakura Wars


text:
James Inglis (murderer)

James Inglis (c. 1922 – 8 May 1951) was a Scottish man executed for murder, at the age of 29.

Having confessed to strangling Alice Morgan, a 50-year-old woman who was working as a prostitute in Kingston upon Hull on 1 February 1951 after a quarrel over payment, Inglis opted to plead insanity at his trial. The jury did not believe his version of events, and on 20 April he was sentenced by Mr Justice Ormerod to be hanged. He was gaoled at Strangeways Prison to await execution. Because Inglis did not appeal against his sentence, execution was scheduled to take place only three weeks after the trial ended (according to law, after the passage of three Sundays).

On the morning of 8 May 1951, the executioner, Albert Pierrepoint and his assistant, Syd Dernley, escorted Inglis from his cell to the gallows immediately adjacent, and hanged him without delay. This was the fastest British hanging on record, taking just seven seconds from the time that Inglis was removed from his cell to the moment that the trapdoor opened. Dernley later related that Inglis practically ran to his execution, following the prison guard's advice to go quickly and "without fuss".

Inglis's execution is featured in the 2006 film Pierrepoint; although Inglis's name is not mentioned, the character "Markovsky" was supposed to represent him.

title: James Inglis (murderer)


text: Wikipedia:Maldivian Wikipedians' notice board/to do


text:
Nonbenzodiazepine

Nonbenzodiazepines, sometimes referred to colloquially as Z-drugs (as many of their names begin with the letter "z"), are a class of psychoactive, depressant, sedative, hypnotic, anxiolytic drugs that are benzodiazepine-like in uses, such as for treating insomnia and anxiety.

Nonbenzodiazepine pharmacodynamics are similar in mechanism of action to benzodiazepine drugs, acting as GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators of the benzodiazepine site, and therefore exhibit similar benefits, side effects, and risks. However, nonbenzodiazepines have dissimilar or entirely different chemical structures, so are unrelated to benzodiazepines on a molecular level.

Classes

Currently, the major chemical classes of nonbenzodiazepines are:

Imidazopyridines Pyrazolopyrimidines
 * Alpidem
 * Necopidem
 * Saripidem
 * Zolpidem (Ambien, Ambien CR, Intermezzo, Zolpimist, Edluar, Ivadal, Sanval, Stilnox, etc.)
 * Divaplon
 * Fasiplon
 * Indiplon
 * Lorediplon
 * Ocinaplon
 * Panadiplon
 * Taniplon
 * Zaleplon (Sonata, Starnoc, Andante)

Cyclopyrrolones
 * Eszopiclone (Lunesta, Valnoc, etc.)
 * Pagoclone
 * Pazinaclone
 * Suproclone
 * Suriclone
 * Zopiclone (Imovane, Zimovane, Somnol, etc.)

β-Carbolines
 * Abecarnil
 * Gedocarnil
 * SL-651,498
 * ZK-93423

Others
 * CGS-20625
 * CGS-9896
 * CL-218,872
 * ELB-139
 * GBLD-345
 * HIE-124
 * L-838,417

 * NS-2664
 * NS-2710
 * Pipequaline
 * RWJ-51204
 * SB-205,384
 * SL-651,498
 * SX-3228

 * TCS-1205
 * TP-003
 * TP-13
 * TPA-023
 * Y-23684

Pharmacology
The nonbenzodiazepines are positive allosteric modulators of the GABAA receptor. Like the benzodiazepines, they exert their effects by binding to and activating the benzodiazepine site of the receptor complex. Some nonbenzodiazepines can be subtype-selective, possibly providing anxiolytic effects with little to no hypnotic or amnesic effects or providing hypnotic effects with little or no anxiolytic effect.

Background
Nonbenzodiazepines have demonstrated efficacy in treating sleep disorders. There is some limited evidence that suggests that tolerance to nonbenzodiazepines is slower to develop than with benzodiazepines. However, data is limited so no conclusions can be drawn. Data is also limited into the long-term effects of nonbenzodiazepines. Further research into the safety of nonbenzodiazepines and long-term effectiveness of nonbenzodiazepines has been recommended in a review of the literature. Some differences exist between the Z-drugs, for example tolerance and rebound effects may not occur with zaleplon.

Pharmaceuticals
The first three nonbenzodiazepine drugs to enter the market were the "Z-drugs", zopiclone, zolpidem and zaleplon. These three drugs are all sedatives used exclusively for the treatment of mild insomnia. They are safer than the older barbiturates especially in overdosage and they may, when compared to the benzodiazepines, have less of a tendency to induce physical dependence and addiction, although these issues can still become a problem. This has led to the Z-drugs becoming widely prescribed for the treatment of insomnia particularly in elderly patients. Almost a third of all prescriptions written for Z-drugs are for adults over the age of 65.

Long-term use is not recommended as tolerance and addiction can occur. A survey of patients using nonbenzodiazepine Z-drugs and benzodiazepine hypnotic users found that there was no difference in reports of adverse effects that were reported in over 41% of users and, in fact, Z-drug users were more likely to report that they had tried to quit their hypnotic drug and were more likely to want to stop taking Z-drugs than benzodiazepine users. Efficacy also did not differ between benzodiazepine and Z-drug users.

Effectiveness
A major systematic review and network meta-analysis of medications for the treatment of insomnia was published in 2022. It included the Z-drugs and found effect sizes (standardized mean difference (SMD)) ranging from 0.03 to 0.63 for these agents. More specifically, the SMDs were 0.45 (4weeks) and 0.03 (3months) for zolpidem, 0.51 (4weeks) for zopiclone, 0.51 (4weeks) and 0.63 (3months) for eszopiclone, and 0.19 (4weeks) for zaleplon. Eszopiclone had the most favorable profile and best evidence to support its use. For comparison, benzodiazepines had SMDs of 0.58 to 0.83, sedative antidepressants and antihistamines had SMDs of 0.30 to 0.55, the antipsychotic quetiapine had an SMD of 0.07, orexin receptor antagonists had SMDs of 0.23 to 0.44, and melatonin receptor agonists had SMDs of 0.00 to 0.13. The certainty of evidence varied and ranged from high to very low depending on the medication.

Side effects
The Z-drugs are not without disadvantages, and all three compounds are notable for producing side effects such as pronounced amnesia and more rarely hallucinations, especially when used in large doses. On rare occasions, these drugs can produce a fugue state, wherein the patient sleepwalks and may perform relatively complex actions, including cooking meals or driving cars, while effectively unconscious and with no recollection of the events upon awakening. While this effect is rare (and has also been reported to occur with some of the older sedative drugs such as temazepam and secobarbital), it can be potentially hazardous, and so further development of this class of drugs has continued in an effort to find new compounds with further improved profiles.

Daytime withdrawal-related anxiety can also occur from chronic nightly nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic usage such as with zopiclone.

Side effects can differ within the drug class due to differences in metabolism and pharmacology. For example, long-acting benzodiazepines have problems of drug accumulation especially in the elderly or those with liver disease, and shorter-acting benzodiazepines have a higher risk of more severe withdrawal symptoms. In the case of the nonbenzodiazepines, zaleplon may be the safest in terms of next-day sedation, and − unlike zolpidem and zopiclone − zaleplon has been found to have no association with increased motor vehicle accidents even when taken for middle-of-the-night insomnia due to its ultrashort elimination half-life.

Increased risk of depression
It has been claimed that insomnia causes depression and hypothesized that insomnia medications may help to treat depression. However, an analysis of data of clinical trials submitted to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) concerning the drugs zolpidem, zaleplon, and eszopiclone found that these sedative hypnotic drugs more than doubled the risks of developing depression compared to those taking placebo pills. Hypnotic drugs, therefore, may be contraindicated in patients with or at risk of depression. Hypnotics were found to be more likely to cause depression than to help it. Studies have found that long-term users of sedative hypnotic drugs have a markedly raised suicide risk as well as an overall increased mortality risk. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for insomnia, on the other hand, has been found to both improve sleep quality as well as general mental health.

Other risks
Sleeping pills, including the Z-drugs, have been associated with an increased risk of death.

In older people this family of medications increases the risk of fractures and falls.

The Z-drug zaleplon may have fewer side effects compared to benzodiazepines.

Dependence and withdrawal management
Nonbenzodiazepines should not be discontinued abruptly if taken for more than a few weeks due to the risk of rebound withdrawal effects and acute withdrawal reactions, which may resemble those seen during benzodiazepine withdrawal. Treatment usually entails gradually reducing the dosage over a period of weeks or several months depending on the individual, dosage, and length of time the drug has been taken. If this approach fails, a crossover to a benzodiazepine equivalent dose of a long-acting benzodiazepine (such as chlordiazepoxide or more preferably diazepam) can be tried followed by a gradual reduction in dosage. In extreme cases and, in particular, where severe addiction and/or abuse is manifested, an inpatient detoxification may be required, with flumazenil as a possible detoxification tool.

Elderly
Nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic drugs, similar to benzodiazepines, cause impairments in body balance and standing steadiness upon waking; falls and hip fractures are frequently reported. The combination with alcohol increases these impairments. Partial but incomplete tolerance develops to these impairments. In general, nonbenzodiazepines are not recommended for older patients due to the increased risk of falls and fractures. An extensive review of the medical literature regarding the management of insomnia and the elderly found that there is considerable evidence of the effectiveness and lasting benefits of non-drug treatments for insomnia in adults of all age groups and that these interventions are underused. Compared with the benzodiazepines, the nonbenzodiazepine sedative-hypnotics offer little if any advantages in efficacy or tolerability in elderly persons. It was found that newer agents such as the melatonin agonists may be more suitable and effective for the management of chronic insomnia in elderly people. Long-term use of sedative-hypnotics for insomnia lacks an evidence base and is discouraged for reasons that include concerns about such potential adverse drug effects as cognitive impairment (anterograde amnesia), daytime sedation, motor incoordination, and increased risk of motor vehicle accidents and falls. In addition, the effectiveness and safety of long-term use of these agents remain to be determined. It was concluded that further research is needed to evaluate the long-term effects of treatment and the most appropriate management strategy for elderly persons with chronic insomnia.

Safety
A review of the literature regarding hypnotics including the nonbenzodiazepine Z-drugs concluded that these drugs carry a significant risk to the individual. The risks include dependence, accidents, and other adverse effects. Gradual discontinuation of hypnotics may lead to improved health without worsening of sleep. It is preferred that they should be prescribed for only a few days at the lowest effective dose and avoided wherever possible in the elderly.

New compounds
More recently, a range of non-sedating anxiolytic drugs derived from the same structural families as the Z-drugs have been developed, such as alpidem (Ananxyl) and pagoclone, and approved for clinical prescription. Nonbenzodiazepine drugs are much more selective than the older benzodiazepine anxiolytics, producing effective relief of anxiety/panic with little or no sedation, anterograde amnesia, or anticonvulsant effects, and are thus potentially more precise than older, anti-anxiety drugs. However, anxiolytic nonbenzodiazepines are not widely prescribed and many have collapsed after initial clinical trials and consumption halted many projects, including but not limited to alpidem, indiplon, and suriclone.

History
Z-drugs emerged in the last years of the 1980s and early 1990s, with zopiclone (Imovane) approved by the British National Health Service as early as 1989, quickly followed by Sanofi with zolpidem (Ambien). By 1999, King Pharmaceuticals had finalized approval with the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to market zaleplon (Sonata, Starnoc) across the US. In 2005, the FDA approved eszopiclone (Lunesta) the (S)-enantiomer of zopiclone. That same year, 2005, the FDA finalized approval for Ambien CR, or extended-release zolpidem. Most recently, in 2012 the FDA approved Intermezzo (zolpidem tartate sublingual), which is marketed for middle-of-the-night insomnia, available in doses only half of the strength of immediate-release zolpidem tartrate to avoid residual next-day sedation.

title: Nonbenzodiazepine


text:
Talk:Act Against Slavery

Untitled
Perhaps part of this should be moved to WikiSource. --Xiao Li 2005-06-09

Complete prohibition?
"In 1793, under the administration of Lieutenant Governor John Graves Simcoe, legislation (the Act Against Slavery) was passed in Upper Canada that allowed for gradual abolition: slaves already in the province would remain enslaved until death, no new slaves could be brought into Upper Canada, and children born to female slaves would be freed at age 25." -from Slavery in Canada. By this description, this law was a little more complex than described in the article. The two entries should be reconciled. Padraic · talk 00:45, 14 July 2007 (UTC)
 * I agree, and I've done so. I left the detail about third generation slaves just in this entry, though (since the other article links here). mvc 16:00, 20 August 2007 (UTC)

the first jurisdiction in the British Empire to pass a law freeing slaves
I'm concerned about relying on a speech by former GG Michaëlle Jean. We quote her saying the law made Upper Canada "the first jurisdiction in the British Empire to pass a law freeing slaves". We should really have a better source than this for such a substantial claim. I would find it surprising that not a single law, freeing any slaves was ever passed before this, anywhere in the whole of the British Empire. That's a large stretch of time and space. What about the freeing of slaves who fought on behalf of the British Empire during the US Revolutionary War. That freed slaves in what was still claimed to be part of the British Empire. Note, I'm not challenging the truth of this, as I really don't know myself. I just want a good solid source. --Rob (talk) 22:02, 3 January 2011 (UTC)
 * I've removed the "verify" tag since and rephrased as the "first British colony" per the Alan Taylor book. Since I know that citing Kindle editions is still a matter of uncertainty, here is the full quote for the 3 citations I added to the article --Padraic 14:34, 1 May 2011 (UTC)

"Simcoe also moved to abolish slavery as part of his drive to equate Upper Canada with England, where slavery was illegal. The colony had about three hundred slaves, primarily taken during the war from Patriot settlements by Indian and Loyalist raiders and then sold to merchants and magistrates, who balked at losing valuable property. At least six of the sixteen assembly representatives owned slaves. Obliged to compromise, Simcoe accepted a gradual emancipation law that freed no current slaves but barred further imports. Children subsequently born to slave mothers would become free at age twenty-five. By making Upper Canada the first British colony to abolish slavery, Simcoe reiterated his devotion to a 'rational liberty' granted by a paternalistic state to common folk."

 * The quote may be correct - in Britain itself a judge had ruled that slavery within England and Wales (Scotland has its own separate legal system) had never been legal, so technically it had never existed in law - see Somersett's Case - so the Canadian law may have been the first in the Empire to explicitly ban it.

 * For earlier situations regarding black Americans entering Canada, then as far as British law was concerned they had never legally been recognised as 'slaves' under British law and so became free men and women the moment they crossed the border into Canada. Whilst there may have been black people and native American/Canadians classed by some as 'slaves' in parts of Canada prior to the subject of this article's passing, they would almost certainly have been being held in servitude illegally, as like Britain, being a common law judicial system, slavery had never been explicitly made legal, nor prohibited, or challenged one way or the other in a court of law - that's what Somersett's Case did, in the absence of any extant legislation on slavery it forced a ruling by a judge on a matter of law. The problem for these people would have been getting someone in authority to recognise that their servitude was illegal and that their 'owners' were in fact holding them contrary to law, which in itself would have constituted their 'owner's committing a crime liable to prosecution by the Crown.

 * Naturally, in a relatively 'new' country such as Canada then was, there was in effect, no police or other civil law enforcement service at that time, and unscrupulous people could generally get away with much that was contrary to law. And as 'slaves' had little, if any, money to spend on fighting legal cases - rather like the poor everywhere - they were dependant on the government to protect them. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.7.147.13 (talk) 09:53, 1 June 2012 (UTC)

capitalisation of title wrong
the capitalisation of the title (AAS) is wrong. 'against' is contained nowhere in text. can we think of a better title? 66.225.168.181 (talk) 02:51, 9 December 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Act Against Slavery. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130214020850/http://www.archives.gov.on.ca/en/explore/online/alvin_mccurdy/settlement.aspx to https://www.archives.gov.on.ca/en/explore/online/alvin_mccurdy/settlement.aspx

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 09:35, 14 December 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Act Against Slavery


text:
Krishan Kant

Krishan Kant (28 February 1927 – 27 July 2002) was an Indian politician who served as the tenth vice president of India from 1997 until his death in 2002. Prior to his vice presidency, Kant was the governor of Andhra Pradesh from 1990 to 1997. He was a member of both houses of the Indian Parliament, representing Chandigarh in the Lok Sabha from 1977 to 1980, and Haryana in the Rajya Sabha from 1966 to 1977.

Kant was born to parents who were independence activists in Punjab, British India, and was himself arrested in Lahore during the Quit India movement. After independence, he studied chemical engineering and briefly worked as a scientist with the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, before turning to politics.

Kant was initially associated with the Congress, but later joined the Janata Party and the Janata Dal. He was considered as a candidate for the 2002 presidential election, as was routine for vice presidents. However, the government and the opposition supported A. P. J. Abdul Kalam as the candidate. Kalam took oath as president two days prior to Kant's death. He remains the only Indian vice president to have died in office.

Early life
Kant was born on 28 February 1927 in Kot Mohammad Khan, Amritsar district, Punjab province to independence activists, Lala Achint Ram and Satyavati Devi. Both of Kant's parents were imprisoned by the British colonial government on various occasions for their involvement in independence activism, including alongside Kant (aged 16) and his siblings in 1942. Post-independence, Lala Achint Ram was a member of the Constituent Assembly of India and represented Hisar and Patiala in the Lok Sabha. Satyavati Devi outlived her son and died in 2010 as India's oldest surviving independence activist.

Kant studied chemical engineering at Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University. He later worked as a scientist with the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi.

Kant was married to Suman Kant, a social worker and an activist. The couple had two sons and a daughter.

Political career
Kant had been jailed during the Quit India movement at the age of 16, alongside his parents.

After the independence of India, Kant joined joined the ruling Congress party, where formed a group focused on promoting science, and was a member of the All India Congress Committee. He was also involved in the Bhoodan movement in Punjab.

In 1966, Kant was elected to the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Indian Parliament, representing the state of Haryana. He was re-elected in 1972. He chaired the parliamentary committee on railway reservations and bookings from 1972 to 1977. He was a socialist and belonged to a more left-wing faction of the Congress party. Despite belonging to her Congress party, he opposed Indira Gandhi's decision to impose the Emergency, supported opposition leader Jayaprakash Narayan and his anti-corruption campaign. He was expelled from the Congress in 1975, for organising a public event opposing the Emergency, and was jailed for 19 months between 1975 and 1977.

He subsequently joined the Janata Party and contested the Chandigarh Lok Sabha constituency in 1977. He was elected with 66.13% of the vote, defeating Congress' Sat Pal. In 1980 general election, Kant lost his seat to Congress' Jagannath Kaushal, and was placed third with 9.30% of the vote, behind Kaushal and independent candidate Ram Swarup.

Krishan Kant was the founding general secretary of the People's Union for Civil Liberties in 1976. He also was a member of the executive council of the Institute of Defence Studies and Analysis.

He with Madhu Limaye was also responsible for the collapse of the Morarji Desai government installed by that coalition, by insisting that no member of the Janata Party could be the member of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS). This attack on dual membership was directed specifically at members of the Janata Party who had been members of the Jan Sangh, and continued to be members of the right-wing RSS, the Jan Sangh's ideological parent. The issue led to fall of Morarji Desai government in 1979, and the destruction of the Janata coalition.

In 1990, Kant was appointed governor of Andhra Pradesh by President R. Venkataraman, on advice of the V. P. Singh government. He served in the gubernatorial office for seven years. From December 1996 to January 1997, he acted as the governor of Tamil Nadu, after the incumbent governor Marri Chenna Reddy died in office.

Vice president
In 1997, Kant was jointly selected as the candidate for the vice presidential election by Indian National Congress and United Front. He defeated former Punjab chief minister Surjit Singh Barnala to become India's tenth vice president.

During the terrorist attack on the Indian Parliament in 2001, the terrorists crashed their vehicle into Kant's car before commencing the attack. Kant himself was unhurt during the attack.

He was considered as a potential presidential candidate prior to the 2002 election. However, the government and the opposition jointly nominated aerospace scientist A. P. J. Abdul Kalam instead. Kalam was eventually elected and took oath of office two days prior to Kant's death.

Death
On 27 July 2002, Kant was admitted to AIIMS, New Delhi and was declared dead after an hour, after suffering a heart attack. He was aged 75. Till date, he remains the only Indian vice president to have died in office.

Prime minister Vajpayee noted Kant's contribution to the independence movement and his opposition to the Emergency and termed his death the "end of an era". He further declared three days of national mourning. Pakistani president Musharraf sent a letter of condolence to Indian president A. P. J. Abdul Kalam.

Kant was cremated in a state funeral at Nigambodh Ghat, New Delhi, on the banks of Yamuna river on 28 July 2002. His funeral was attended by president Kalam, prime minister Vajpayee, deputy prime minister Advani, and opposition leader Sonia Gandhi.

He was survived by his wife, two sons, and a daughter as well as grandchildren and great-grandchildren along with his mother, Satyavati Devi, who outlived him by eight years.

Two weeks after Kant's death, an election was held to elect his successor. Former Rajasthan chief minister Bhairon Singh Shekhawat was elected vice president.

A park in Hyderabad was named after Kant to commemorate his tenure as governor of Andhra Pradesh.

title: Krishan Kant


text:
Talk:Electrostatic precipitator

Untitled
Added the following redirects to this article:
 * electrostatic air cleaner
 * wet electrostatic precipitator

it's not a giraffe
chupmaderchod — Preceding unsigned comment added by 117.200.227.138 (talk) 14:42, 12 July 2015 (UTC) someone stated that an electrostatic precipitator was a rare species of arctic giraffe discovered by Charles Darwin(who never went to the arctic as far as I know). I have undo their edits, If some one could please double check to make sure there wasn't anything else removed by the undo. anoyanort ace Matthew ave jor (talk) 17:20, 7 December 2007 (UTC)

scrubber article?
It seems like this article and the "scrubber" article should be more interconnected. I don't claim to be an engineer, but seems like the majority of industrial processes for an electrostatic precipitator will fall into the category of also being a scrubber.

Javik 21:18, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Merge? — Omegatron 19:27, 25 October 2006 (UTC)

No, please don t. A precipitator has nothing in similar with a scrubber...

FYI on updated Cottrell link
The Cottrell link has been updated to point to a new bio stub. I also incorporated the paragraph below the link about Research Corporation into that stub (FYI). -regards,Onceler 23:30, 31 December 2005 (UTC)

Confused
"Once the particles are in contact with the positive plate, they then give up their electrons and become positively charged like the plate, and thus start acting as part of the collector."

 * Wouldn't the fact that they become positively charged mean they are repelled from the positively charged plates? This is what happens to pith balls/hairs/paper shreds on a charged metal object, for instance.  They are attracted at first, contact the metal object and become charged the same way, and then are suddenly repelled. — Omegatron 19:29, 25 October 2006 (UTC)

Copy / Paste?
who's copying from who? http://www.answers.com/topic/electrostatic-precipitator

 * Answers.com mirrors Wikipedia. They say so quite clearly. — Omegatron 21:13, 11 January 2007 (UTC)

i am doing masters degree in chemical engineering from a reputed institute in India.....well i am new to this site......i do not know much about this....please refer all available options and facilities to me... — Preceding unsigned comment added by Kshitijkaushik 84 (talk • contribs) 18:29, 1 March 2007 (UTC)

Any Research on Low Voltage Devices?
How low could one go in voltage and still be able to clear the room air of dust? 71.114.163.55 (talk)

This depends on the size of the room, and the time which is allowed to clean the room. It does not make sense if it is possible to clean the room, but it takes a few months for it...

Why does Sir Oliver Lodge not get a mention?
"In 1886 the first attempt on a commercial scale to precipitate dust and fume from gas was made by Oliver Lodge and Mr A. O. Walker at Deeside Lead Works, Chester." direct quote from the Lodge Cottrell ltd page. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 78.146.157.128 (talk) 20:15, 6 June 2009 (UTC)

Suggested addition to the text
At the end of the section for "Modern industrial electrostatic precipitators" i would like to suggest that the following text is added. Any comments/contributions would be appreciated

"These ‘rapping systems’ are usually mechanically operated by means of rows of staggered rotating ‘hammers’ which strike the plates in turn. This constant mechanical hammering action can sometimes cause internal damage which can result in sections of the ESP becoming inoperative and therefore reducing the overall efficiency of the ESP. A decision then has to be made as to whether to commence an unscheduled shutdown to carry out repairs or to continue operating the ESP in its damaged state until the next planned shutdown is due. Largely because of this, sonic soot blowers are installed to either partially or fully replace the mechanical rapping systems. These sonic soot blowers use non-destructive high energy-low frequency sound waves which prevent the particulate from building up on the collecting plates." Collieman (talk) 15:55, 14 April 2011 (UTC)

Other electrostatic air filters?
On ther internet I find alot of what are called "electrostatic air filters". Yet on comparison there workings seem somewhat different than the wikipedia article. The air filters are loaded through friction of the air en dust is attracted. (No two parts with a voltage difference, no collector plates, no ozone, aso...) For example: http://www.dustfree.com/filters/faq.htm http://acfilter.com/categories/faq/faq.htm http://www.lifetimeelectrostaticfilter.com/ Even if these are bogus: aren't they worth a mention? — Preceding unsigned comment added by BartYgor (talk • contribs) 15:16, 17 April 2011 (UTC)

Diagram
Added diagram, referenced from http://www.hamonusa.com/hamonresearchcottrell/products/esp_fundamentals and http://www.baghouse.com/2011/02/01/the-encyclopedia-of-filters-dust-collection-systems/ and removed reqdiagram tag. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Egmason (talk • contribs) 09:18, 18 July 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Electrostatic precipitator. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080514164731/http://www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca:80/en/co/maho/gemare/gemare_008.cfm to http://www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/en/co/maho/gemare/gemare_008.cfm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 08:45, 22 December 2016 (UTC)

Removing picture of consumer air cleaner
I removed these pictures. This is is a HEPA-based air purifier with a proprietary "PlasmaCluster" ion generator on the exhaust. This device generates oxygen and hydrogen ions that, supposedly, will chemically attack pollutants. Han-Kwang (t) 18:49, 5 December 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Electrostatic precipitator


text:
User talk:JamesMLane/Bush RfC (draft)

Snapshots
I'd like each version to include a link to a snapshot of the article as it would look with that version incorporated, but the versions may be undergoing some changes, so I suggest leaving that step until last. JamesMLane 07:10, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

About done
James, I am almost finished. It appears no one is wishing to write the proponent argument for version 3 so I'll leave that up to you as you have stated that you would like to see all the information in the main article. Time to push it forward for Rfc. I imagine you'll want to rearrange the arguments...whatever you think is best.--MONGO 05:01, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Being serious, should we have an american idol vote style and take among the 4 options the top two and re-vote? Or just pick whichever has the most? --kizzle 20:47, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)

 * Sorry, I didn't realize you guys were still working on this. You can delete my comment if you want and I will make a new reply when this is moved out of User space. NoSeptember (talk)  20:54, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * If this were a formal vote, we might have to think about the exact system (preference voting? a run-off?). That doesn't arise here, though, because RfC isn't to generate votes that result in picking the alternative that receives the most votes.  Even if one of the four alternatives were to get slightly more than a majority of the votes, that wouldn't mean we would just go with that alternative and move on.  As Weyes said on the talk page, "It's a request for comment, not request for a majority ruling."  Presenting the alternatives is intended to make it easier for people to catch up with the dispute.  Otherwise, they'd have to wade through quite a bit of talk.  (There's some argument that this poll really belongs on Current surveys, but I do want people's comments, and my guess is that RfC gets more traffic.)  As for NoSeptember's response, I have no problem leaving it there.  We'll see if anyone notices that its date-stamp is earlier than the RfC posting.  :) JamesMLane 23:40, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Sounds good, lets get the ball rolling. --kizzle 23:44, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Yeah, I like the idea that it is all about the comments. Probably too few people are actually trying to make the article more informative...most folks that edit here just do so to remove vandalism and with the Rfc, maybe we can all see what the rest of Wikiedia thinks...what is the "standard" amount of time an article is in Rfc...a week...a month?--MONGO 01:40, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:JamesMLane/Bush RfC (draft)


text:
Mita Hachiman Shrine

Mita Hachiman Jinja (御田八幡神社) is a Shinto shrine in Mita 3-7-16, Minato, Tokyo, Japan. Its festival is on 15 August.

 * God's Name: Hondawakeno Mikoto (誉田別尊命), Amenokoyaneno Mikoto (天児屋根命), Takenouchi Sukuneno Mikoto (武内宿禰命)
 * Shrines in precincts: Gokō Inari Jinja (五光稲荷神社), Mikage Jinja (御嶽神社)
 * Facilities in precincts: Kaguraden (神楽殿: hall for Shinto music and dance), Chōzuya (手水舎: place for cleansing), Shamusho (社務所: shrine office).

title: Mita Hachiman Shrine


text:
Talk:John Bolton/Archive 2/to do

 * How to update and correct the sidebar box and the bottom box to show that Bolton left the post of UN Ambassador in December 2006??
 * Would be cool to see information on Bolton's tenure in the UN. What did he do?
 * I found a great page for John Bolton quotes. Noticed there's already a quotations section and I think they could be a great addition to the page.  Bolton Quotes
 * Expand to include history of Bolton's participation in the Buckley vs Valeo case in the 1970s. He assisted in representing both Eugene McCarthy and James Buckley in this case concerning election law and has been known to be an expert on election law since that time.Sompdimp 09:03, 12 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Do not include the Lynne Finney calumny. Adequate research would reveal that this is another of the false allegations, like that of Flynt, that were levelled at Bolton for partisan purposes during the confirmation battle and subsequently dropped because of lack of any credible evidence.  Just because it is hard for a public figure to prosecute libel or slander is no reason for an "encyclopedia" article to reprint what is obviously false.Sompdimp 09:03, 12 November 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:John Bolton/Archive 2/to do


text:
Midland School

Midland School may refer to;

 * Midland School, Los Olivos, California
 * Midland School, North Branch, New Jersey

title: Midland School


text:
Piano Concerto No. 3 (Bartók)

The Piano Concerto No. 3 in E major, Sz. 119, BB 127 of Béla Bartók is a musical composition for piano and orchestra. The work was composed in 1945 during the final months of his life, as a surprise birthday present for his second wife Ditta Pásztory-Bartók.

It consists of three movements and an average full performance time is between 23 and 27 minutes.

Context
The Piano Concerto No. 3 was one of the pieces composed by Bartók after departing Hungary following the outbreak of World War II. Bartók's migration from Europe to America preceded that of his music. Lack of local interest, combined with Bartók's extended battle with leukemia and a general sense of discomfort in the American atmosphere prevented Bartók from composing a great deal in his early years in America. Fortunately, the composer was commissioned to create his Concerto for Orchestra which was extremely well received and decreased the composer's financial difficulties.

This, combined with an abatement of his medical condition, allowed for a change in the composer's general disposition. The changes in the composer's emotional and financial state are considered by a few to be the primary causes for the third piano concerto's seemingly light, airy, almost neoclassical tone, especially in comparison to Bartók's earlier works.

However, while the composition of a piece as a gift (his wife Ditta Pásztory-Bartók's upcoming 42nd birthday on October 31, 1945 - Bartók intended the solo part for her to perform, providing her with a source of income after his death ) as opposed to a commission undoubtedly impacted the composing process, some think it more likely that the piece was instead the culmination of a trend of reduction and simplification which began almost ten years prior, with the Second Violin Concerto, and which concluded Bartók's exploration of tonality and complexity.

Bartók died on September 26, 1945, with the concerto complete except for the orchestration of the final 17 bars of music. The task of completing their orchestration, drawing on Bartók's notes, was eventually done by the composer's friend, Tibor Serly. The Third Piano Concerto was later published in an edition by Serly and Erwin Stein, an editor for Boosey & Hawkes.

It was premiered in Philadelphia on February 8, 1946, under Hungarian conductor Eugene Ormandy with György Sándor as piano soloist.

Beginning in the 1990s, the composer's son, Peter Bartók, in association with Argentinian musician Nelson Dellamaggiore, worked to re-print and revise past editions of the Third Piano Concerto, to eradicate the many printed errors identified but never corrected by his father. Although few in actual number, changes made to the Piano Concerto affected the pitch content, pedalling and tempos of several key passages. In 1994 Andrey Kasparov was soloist with the Columbus Indiana Philharmonic (formerly Columbus Pro Musica) in the world premiere of the revised edition. According to conductor David Bowden, and Peter Bartók, who was in attendance: “These changes generally make the piano part more accessible or clarify questions of chordal structure....”

The revised editions of both the two-piano reduction and the orchestral score of the Piano Concerto No. 3 are now available from Boosey & Hawkes.

Music
Piano Concerto No. 3 consists of three movements: 1. Allegretto

2. Adagio religioso

3. Allegro vivace which combine for an approximate duration of 23 minutes. The piece was originally scored for 2 flutes (2nd doubling piccolo), 2 oboes (2nd doubling cor anglais), 2 clarinets in A and B♭ (2nd doubling bass clarinet), 2 bassoons, 4 horns in F, 2 trumpets in C, 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, percussion, strings, and piano.

Allegretto
The first movement, based basically in E major, features an original Hungarian "folk theme," similar to a nineteenth-century Hungarian verbunkos dance. The theme is first introduced by the piano.

The first chord of the first movement, which consists of four pitches, E, F♯, A, and B, is relatively tonal, especially when compared to the first chord of Piano Concerto No. 1. The chord develops further with the addition of C♯ in the second bar, resulting in the pentatonic, which is followed with G♯, leaving a major scale short of D♯. Bartók continues to add D to complete the Mixolydian scale, followed by G natural to suggest the Dorian mode. Finally, in bar six, Bartók displays the Lydian mode through G♯ and A♯. This complex melodic pattern is an example of what Bartók called "polymodal chromaticism," the rapid succession of many modes through chromatic alteration to produce a chromatic texture.

Adagio religioso
The second movement, based in C major, seems to mirror the style of a Beethoven chorale. The string introduction followed by the chorale on piano is a clear allusion to the third movement of Beethoven's String Quartet in A minor.

Bartók includes a harmony related to the Tristan chord, a set of intervals from Richard Wagner's Tristan und Isolde referred to as the "characteristically sad and yearning harmony of Romanticism." The final resolution of the Tristan chord comes as a C-based pentatonic mode, and as Bartók was known to consider pentatonicism a chief characteristic of ancient Hungarian folksong, this can be considered a musical symbol of his Hungarian homeland. The middle section is in Bartók's Night music style. It contains imitations of natural sounds of insect and bird calls.

Allegro vivace
The third and final movement demonstrates a joie de vivre and apparent optimism often found in Bartók's final movements, though with considerably stronger folk inspiration with its apparent Hungarian folk melody and its rondo-like returning theme. It has been said that this movement "captures the infectious ebullient spirit of the folk song." There is also a central fugato section in almost Baroque style.

Recordings

 * Radio-Symphonie-Orchester Berlin under conductor Ferenc Fricsay, Soloist: Géza Anda, 1959/1960 recorded in the Jesus Christ Church in Berlin.
 * New Philharmonia Orchestra under conductor Sir Malcolm Sargent, Soloist: John Ogdon, recorded prior to 1968 in Europe, Angel/EMI.
 * Budapest Symphony Orchestra under conductor András Ligeti, Soloist: Jenő Jandó, Naxos, 1994
 * Budapest Festival Orchestra under conductor Iván Fischer, Soloist: András Schiff, in April 1996 recorded in Budapest in the Italian Cultural Institute. Sound engineer was Eberhard Sengpiel.
 * London Symphony Orchestra under conductor Pierre Boulez, Soloist: Hélène Grimaud, 2004.
 * Frank Zappa recorded part of the concerto in 1988 on his last tour, and it is included in his album, Make a Jazz Noise Here, alongside an extract from Stravinsky's Histoire du Soldat.

title: Piano Concerto No. 3 (Bartók)


text:
Talk:The Wise Little Hen

stub
This is not a stub. What more would one write about this topic?

 * An image, pricing, collectors' item, culture, influence, ... You name it. Gerrit CUTEDH 11:02, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on The Wise Little Hen. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110726002919/http://www.disneyshorts.org/shorts.aspx?shortID=207 to http://disneyshorts.org/shorts.aspx?shortID=207
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150906004507/http://www.disneyshorts.org/shorts.aspx?shortID=207 to http://disneyshorts.org/shorts.aspx?shortID=207

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 06:11, 6 December 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Wise Little Hen