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Next (2007 film)

Next is a 2007 American sci-fi action thriller film directed by Lee Tamahori and starring Nicolas Cage, Julianne Moore, Jessica Biel, Thomas Kretschmann, Tory Kittles, and Peter Falk. The film's original script was loosely based on the 1954 science fiction short story "The Golden Man" by Philip K. Dick. The film tells the story of Cris Johnson, a small-time magician based in Las Vegas, who has limited precognition. His ability allows him to see into the very immediate future. His gift not only makes him a target of a highly motivated and heavily armed group of terrorists, but also puts him in the crosshairs of the FBI who want to recruit him to oppose those terrorists instead.

The film was released on April 25, 2007, in Belgium and France, and on April 27, 2007, in the United States by Paramount Pictures. With a production budget of $78 million, the film grossed $76 million worldwide, making it a box office flop.

It was the first Revolution Studios film to be distributed by Paramount Pictures, followed by 2017's XXX: Return of Xander Cage.

Plot
Cris Johnson can see into his future. He can only see two minutes ahead, with the exception of a vision he once had of a woman walking into a diner. Knowing no details other than the time, he goes to the diner twice each day at 8:09 to await her arrival. He works as a small-time magician in Las Vegas, where he supplements his income with gambling, using his powers to win medium amounts against the house.

Cris draws the attention of NSA Agent Callie Ferris, who has figured out his ability and wants to stop Russian terrorists from detonating a nuclear weapon. Before she can approach Cris, his gambling draws the attention of casino security. Using his ability to forecast the actions of his pursuers, he eludes them and the Las Vegas police. Ferris tracks Cris to his location, but he escapes after foreseeing her arrival. Later that night, the casino's security chief is approached by two of the terrorists and interrogated about Johnson before being killed.

The following morning, Cris is at the diner again when he sees Liz Cooper, the woman from his vision. It turns out that Cris can not only see the future, but also see how his actions can affect that future. When Liz's aggressive ex-boyfriend arrives, Johnson envisions all outcomes of his intervening, and then chooses the outcome that gets him "in" with Liz. Knowing that she is heading for Flagstaff, Arizona, Cris tricks her into giving him a ride. Ferris follows, while the terrorists decide to kill him.

With the weapon tracked to Los Angeles, Ferris persuades her superiors to let her bring Cris in. The terrorists follow in the hope that the agents will lead them to Cris.

Cris and Liz have to spend the night in a motel. Ferris confronts Liz near the hotel. Claiming Cris is a dangerous sociopath, Ferris asks Liz to drug Cris so that they can bring him in peacefully. Instead, Liz warns Cris, who tells her his secret. When she asks why he will not help the FBI stop the terrorists, he explains his limitations, noting the exception for events involving her. Cris tries to escape from the FBI but is captured after saving Ferris from logs tumbling down the side of a mountain. Unable to get to Cris, the terrorists kidnap Liz.

The NSA strap Cris to a chair and force him to watch television until he has a vision that can help. They expect him to see a report about the detonation of the bomb, but instead he envisions a broadcast from several hours in the future in which Liz is killed with a bomb vest while strapped to a wheelchair as bait for him. Cris escapes and races to the parking garage where she will be killed. Catching up to him, Ferris promises to help save Liz as long as Cris will help stop the bomb; she also sets up a plan to draw out the terrorists.

Cris helps the NSA track the terrorists to the port where they are based. When they arrive, Cris is able to walk right up to the terrorist leader while using his power to dodge bullets. After killing the terrorists and saving Liz, they find that the bomb has already been moved. Ferris shows Cris a seismograph, hoping that he will see any tremors caused by explosions before they happen. As he stares at the screen he realizes that he has made a mistake and that he was too late: the bomb detonates out at sea and completely destroys the port, as well as the rest of the city.

The timeline reverts a full day to Cris and Liz in bed at the hotel in Arizona, before Ferris arrived. Because of Liz's involvement in events, Cris has now been able to envision everything that could happen leading to the nuclear explosion. "Every time you look into the future, it changes."

Cris calls Ferris and offers to help prevent the nuclear disaster, then asks Liz to wait for him.

Production
Gary Goldman and Jason Koornick initially optioned the science fiction short story "The Golden Man" by Philip K. Dick. Goldman wrote a script treatment that he and Koornick presented to Nicolas Cage's production company, Saturn Films, but Goldman ended up writing the screenplay on spec.

Original draft
This first draft had more similarities to the short story, detailing the efforts of a government agency to capture and contain a precognitive mutant.

To provide greater interaction between the opposing parties (as well as create a leading role), Cris was changed from a feral animal whose existence threatened humanity's into a more familiar and understandable social outcast. A romantic subplot was added: the character of Liz Cooper, who in this draft was not only destined to be the love of Cris's life, but a mutant as well (born in Love Canal) and the only woman he has ever met with whom he can have children, herself incapable of procreating with normal humans.

As the original short story had a distinct tone of racist paranoia, the motivation for the pursuit of Cris was changed from an ironclad policy of exterminating mutations to a manipulative Department of Homeland Security (DHS) agent's obsessive search for unconventional assets in the war on terror.

This script was filled with anti-authoritarian themes, with Cris often speaking clearly and eloquently of how he enjoys his independence. He states plainly that "what I want is freedom. And you don't get it by giving it up."

The DHS is explicitly depicted as a completely unregulated, astoundingly powerful and unapologetically ruthless collection of fanatics, breaking laws without consideration and eager to torture and even murder innocent civilians to achieve their objectives. They discuss their plans in using Cris as if he were a piece of machinery, most of which consist of using him as a "timescope": that is, bolting him into a chair for the rest of his life so his only experiences are ones which are useful to them, a process which they believe would extend the range of his abilities. One agent suggests that they amputate his arms and legs, a suggestion his colleague considers humorous.

However, his enemies are skilled tormentors and eventually they drive him to the breaking point: when the DHS learns that Liz is pregnant with his child, they coldly decide to have her executed at a pre-determined time, thus pre-emptively proving to Cris their determination to possess him. He attempts to secure Liz's safety, but the DHS captures her. In retaliation, he demolishes the Las Vegas DHS headquarters with a barrel of C-4 explosive agents had seized earlier in a warrant-less search. He and Liz are the only survivors.

Saturn re-draft
Saturn Films had the script extensively rewritten and in the process almost completely eliminated its anti-authoritarian themes. Though Cris remained a meek social outcast, he is somewhat less sympathetic: he is portrayed as arrogant, as well as far more prone to applying violent solutions. The DHS's role was replaced with the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). Despite a scene in which Cris experiences his worst nightmare – spending the rest of his life strapped into a chair with his eyes wedged open – the authorities are portrayed as sympathetic and Cris as uncooperative and belligerent. Their insistence on his obedience is reduced to the point that the authorities offer their assistance in rescuing Liz (whom they neglect to arrest despite her efforts to sabotage Cris's capture) from the terrorists. This leads to the film's greatest variation from the original draft – a confrontation with the terrorists. No clue is given as to the motivation for the terrorists' detonation of the nuclear device in Los Angeles. The few terrorists who speak in the film with British, French and German accents, seem to be under the guidance of an unseen leader who has told them that they must kill Cris since "he says that Cris is the only threat to the plan". During the confrontation with the terrorists, Cris willingly supports the FBI with his abilities in a series of sequences similar to those in the original script, only with the authorities as allies instead of antagonists.

This was the script Saturn Films brought to the attention of Revolution Studios. Revolution Studios acquired the screenplay and in November 2004, Revolution Studios hired Lee Tamahori to direct the film, with Cage in the lead role. Filming was to begin in summer 2005. In December 2005, Moore was cast as the federal agent who seeks people to help prevent future terrorism and uncovers Cage's character as a potential candidate. In November 2005, Initial Entertainment Group negotiated for rights of international distribution of Next, which had a target release date of 2007. In February 2006, actress Jessica Biel was cast as the love interest of Cage's character.

In May 2006, Starz! Entertainment's 14-episode reality television miniseries, Looking for Stars, gave 200 contestants the opportunity to earn a speaking role in Next, which was won by actor Marcus Welch.

Filming
Sections of the film were filmed in the San Bernardino Mountains in California. Mountain locations used in production of the film included Crestline, Running Springs and Big Bear Lake. The hotel featured in the film, "The Cliffhanger", is actually a restaurant overlooking the City of San Bernardino. In order to make the restaurant look more like a hotel, a facade was attached to the building. The facade is the section of the motel where Johnson and Liz Cooper were staying. Interior shots were filmed elsewhere. Following the end of production, the facade was removed. However, remnants of the signage placed and the paint works conducted remain intact. Running Springs served for scenes shot in the town. Scenes (in which a vehicle was rolled off the side of a cliff) shot in Big Bear Lake were shot at a campground. Due to the terrain located on the side of the cliff the Cliffhanger is located on, the producers decided to finish the scenes at the campground in Big Bear Lake.

Next originally was to be distributed by Sony Pictures Entertainment (which had a deal with Revolution), set to be released on September 28, 2006, but that studio dumped it in January 2007, and Paramount Pictures subsequently picked it up and released the film on April 27, 2007.

Box office
The film opened at #3 at the U.S. box office, grossing $7.1 million in 2,725 theaters in its opening weekend. In its eight-week run in the United States, it grossed a total of just $18 million and has a combined worldwide gross of $76 million. Compared to other films based on Philip K. Dick stories, Next grossed less than Minority Report, Total Recall, Paycheck and Blade Runner but performed better than Impostor, Screamers and A Scanner Darkly.

Critical response
Rotten Tomatoes gives the film an approval rating of 28% based on 128 reviews, with an average rating of 4.6/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Numerous plot holes and poorly motivated characters prevent Next from being the thought-provoking sci-fi flick it could've been." Metacritic gives the film an average score of 42 out of 100, based on 23 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".

Justin Chang of Variety said the film plays "like the cinematic equivalent of a Choose Your Own Adventure novel" and that the plot is highly reminiscent of 24. Chang also said "What starts out as a mildly diverting thriller blows itself to smithereens in the final reel", describing the climax as a "stunning cheat." James Berardinelli of ReelViews gave the film 2½ out of 4 stars and said parts of the film are "fascinating" and "compelling" but that "the whole thing ends up collapsing under its own weight." Berardinelli said Nicolas Cage "seems to be going through the motions", "Julianne Moore brings intensity to the part of Callie, although the character is incomplete", "Jessica Biel is appealing" but "the character is unfinished", and that "Thomas Kretschmann is unimpressive as a generic 24-style terrorist." He also said "some viewers will feel cheated by what Next does, and it's hard to blame them." Connie Ogle of the Miami Herald gave the film 2 out of 4 stars and said the film looks like director Lee Tamahori "spent about 12 bucks on his special effects budget." Ogle said the film had a decent premise but "Next begins to seriously embarrass itself and its stars once it rolls to its climax." Toronto Star film critic Peter Howell gave the film 1½ stars out of 4 and called it a "colossal waste of time" and said it is "possibly the most egregious befouling of Dick's work to date." Howell said the roles "seem to be cut-and-pasted from other movies", called the film a "straight-to-DVD wannabe", and said the film "has one of the most infuriating endings ever."

Moira MacDonald of the Seattle Times gave Next 1½ stars out of 4 and said "Late in the movie, Cris shouts at a bad guy, 'I've seen every possible ending here. None of them are good for you.' It's as if he's talking to the audience, and alas, he's right." and "Julianne Moore spends most of her screen time in Lee Tamahori's confused sci-fi thriller Next looking royally pissed off, like she got tricked into making the movie on a sucker bet. You can't blame her; this film's audience is likely to look that way as well by the time the end credits roll." Kalamazoo Gazette critic James Sanford gave the film 1½ stars and said "the only visions Next inspires are flashbacks to better films" like Honeymoon in Vegas, Leaving Las Vegas, The Illusionist, and Hannibal, adding "any film that makes someone wish he or she were watching Hannibal must be pretty awful." Sanford said "Cage performs as if he's on autopilot, Moore looks more miserable than she did as the suicidal housewife in The Hours, and Biel seems fully aware she was hired only to provide a few glimpses of cheesecake." Sanford also remarked, "the ending of this film is not just a colossal cheat, it's a hard slap in the face to anyone who has invested his or her time in watching it." Daniel Eagan of Film Journal International said the film "follows a familiar Hollywood pattern in which a few intriguing ideas are swamped by the demands of a big-budget, star-driven vehicle" and that it "won't add any luster to Nicolas Cage's resume." Eagan said "Half of Next is a clever, unpredictable thriller that plays with Dick's customary obsessions with time and reality. The other half is a sloppy, bloated adventure marred by cheesy special effects and some equally cheesy acting" and also that "the script to Next has plenty of [plot jams], one or two egregious enough to demand ticket refunds."

Orlando Sentinel critic Roger Moore gave the film 3 out of 5 stars and said "who says preposterous junk can't be fun?" Moore said "this sloppy little time travel variation is a crowd-pleasing hoot, thanks mostly to Cage turning on the charisma and showing off his gift for hangdog understatement" and that the Groundhog Day-like attempts to woo Jessica Biel's character are "hilarious." Moore concluded "It's all so stupid and ends so perfunctorily that you can't call Next good, or even as good as the dopey Déjà Vu...but it does score over [Déjà Vu] in one important criterion. It's just fun." Wesley Morris of the Boston Globe gave the film 2½ out of 4 stars and called it a "watchably absurd popcorn flick" and that the film "bears almost no resemblance" to the original short story "The Golden Man", the short story it was adapted from. He described Moore's performance as "enjoyably curt" and said "alongside Cage's spontaneity, Biel seems humorless and earnestly dull." Morris said the film is fun "until it turns crass" and concluded, "when you're being toyed with that cheaply, you forget how much you admire Nicolas Cage's shamelessness and start to resent the movie's." Diana Saenger of ReviewExpress gave the film 3½ stars and said "Next boasts a fresh plot with a tricky twist ending that can be misconstrued if you don't pay close attention and then pause to think about it." Saenger reported that it was Nicolas Cage's idea for Cris to be a magician, and that it was his suggestion that his wife be part of the scene where a woman comes out of the audience to be part of the magic show. Saenger remarked that people complaining about the twist being a rip-off probably didn't understand it and said it made perfect sense and concluded "I liked the surprise twist and found Next very entertaining."

The film was subject to the heckling of Bridget Jones Nelson and Michael J. Nelson in an October 2007 installment of Rifftrax.

Thematic analysis
The technique the protagonist uses to see into the future has been compared to the video game concept of savescumming.

title: Next (2007 film)


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Southern California Sun

The Southern California Sun were an American football team based in Anaheim, California, that played in the World Football League in 1974 and 1975. Their records were 13–7 in 1974 and 7–5 in 1975. Their home stadium was Anaheim Stadium. They were coached by former Rams great and Hall of Famer Tom Fears and owned by trucking magnate Larry Hatfield.

Former USC greats Anthony Davis and Pat Haden played for the Sun in 1975, along with former Oakland Raiders QB Daryle Lamonica, also known as the "Mad Bomber."

The Sun won the 1974 Western Division title but lost their playoff game against the Hawaiians when three of their best players–Kermit Johnson, James McAlister, and Booker Brown—sat out the game. The three players were owed back pay and claimed the missed checks breached their contracts. This episode aside, the Sun were one of the WFL's better-run teams and at least had the potential to be a viable venture had the WFL been run in a more realistic and financially sensible manner. A year later, they were leading the West when the league folded on October 22, 1975, in midseason.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Southern California Sun


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Solomon's shamir

In the Gemara, the shamir ( šāmīr) is a worm or a substance that had the power to cut through or disintegrate stone, iron and diamond. King Solomon is said to have used it in the building of the first Temple in Jerusalem in place of cutting tools. For the construction of the Temple in Jerusalem, which promoted peace, it was inappropriate to use tools that could also cause war and bloodshed.

Referenced throughout the Talmud and midrashim, the Shamir was reputed to have existed in the time of Moses as one of the ten wonders created on the eve of the first Shabbat just before God finished creation. Moses reputedly used the Shamir to engrave the stones of the priestly breastplate of the High Priest of Israel.

The Temple
King Solomon, aware of the existence of the Shamir but unaware of its location, commissioned a search that turned up a "grain of Shamir the size of a barleycorn." Solomon's artisans reputedly used the Shamir in the construction of the Temple. The material to be worked, whether stone, wood or metal, was affected by being "shown to the Shamir." Following this line of logic (anything that can be 'shown' something must have eyes to see), early Rabbinical scholars described the Shamir almost as a living being. Other early sources, however, describe it as a green stone. This is supported by contemporary scholars who believe that the Shamir was emery, a blue-green stone mined as an abrasive powder for thousands of years. The word emery comes from, which likely shares the same root as the Semitic shamir.

For storage, the Shamir was meant to have been always wrapped in wool and stored in a container made of lead; any other vessel would burst and disintegrate under the Shamir's gaze. The Shamir was said to have been either lost or had lost its potency (along with the "dripping of the honeycomb") by the time of the destruction of the First Temple during the 587 BCE Siege of Jerusalem.

Asmodeus
According to the Asmodeus legend from the Mishnah, the location of the Shamir was told to King Solomon by Asmodeus, who Solomon captured. The Shamir was under the care of a bird, who had been granted it by Rahab, the angel of the sea. Solomon then sent his trusted aide Benaiah on a quest to retrieve it.

Gemstones
King Solomon also used the Shamir to engrave gemstones. He also used the blood of the Shamir worm to make carved jewels with a mystical seal or design. According to an interview with George Frederick Kunz, an expert in gemstone and jewelry lore, this led to the belief that gemstones so engraved would have magical virtues, and they often also ended up with their own powers or guardian angel associated with either the gem or the precisely engraved gemstones.

In Islam
The Quran mentions a creature thought to be the Shamir, when pointing out the ignorance of the jinn who worked for Solomon concerning the occult, and emphasizing that all knowledge rests only with God:

"And when We decreed death for him, nothing showed his death to them save a creeping creature of the earth which gnawed away his staff. And when he fell, the jinn saw clearly how, if they had known the Unseen, they would not have continued in despised toil.Saba' 34:14"

According to commentators such as ibn Abbas, when Solomon died his body remained leaning on his staff for a long time, nearly a year, until "a creature of the earth, which was a kind of worm," gnawed through the stick weakening it and the body fell to the ground. It was then that the jinn knew that he had died a long time before and until then they were working hard thinking he was supervising them. It also became clear to humans who divined and engaged in occult activities or spirit-consulting, or worshiped the jinn, that they do not possess knowledge of the occult.

In popular culture

 * Leonard Tushnet's story "The Worm Shamir", published in the December 1968 issue of Fantasy & Science Fiction, retells the legend in modern, quasi-scientific terms.
 * In The Secret Saturdays, shamir are centipede-like creatures V. V. Argost uses to clean and repair his mansion.

title: Solomon's shamir


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User talk:Polypercs

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! - UtherSRG 18:25, May 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

title: User talk:Polypercs


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Bánh bao

Bánh bao (literally "dumplings") is a Vietnamese bun based on the Cantonese tai pao or da bao (large bun), which was introduced to Vietnam by Chinese immigrants. It is a ball-shaped bun containing pork or chicken meat, onions, eggs, mushrooms and vegetables, in Vietnamese cuisine. It often has Chinese sausage and a portion of a hard-boiled egg inside. They are filled with savory fillings, the most common being seasoned ground pork and quail egg. A vegetarian version of bánh bao also exists.

title: Bánh bao


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Yixian

Yixian may refer to :

 * Places and jurisdictions
 * Yi County, Anhui, in China
 * Yi County, Hebei, in China
 * Yi County, Liaoning, in China
 * the Latin Catholic Apostolic Prefecture of Yixian, near Beijing and Baoding
 * Yi County, Shandong, now Yicheng District, Zaozhuang
 * Yixian Formation, a geological formation in Liaoning Province

 * Persons
 * Empress Yixian, Liang Nüying (died 159), Chinese empress during the Han dynasty

title: Yixian


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Floyd Roberts

Floyd Marion Roberts (February 12, 1900 – May 30, 1939) was an American racing driver. He won the 1938 Indianapolis 500 with a then-record speed of 117.2 mi/h. He led for 92 laps. The following year, 1939, driving the same car, Roberts was killed in a crash. He was the first defending champion of the race to have been killed in competition.

Early life
Roberts was born on February 12, 1900, in Jamestown, North Dakota. Father, Frederick Augustus Roberts and Mother, Ruby Lenore Roberts. Around 1920 Roberts moved to California. A story in the Van Nuys News reports that Floyd Roberts married Miss Edna Vincent after a surprise shower for the couple on 18 September 1925.

Early career
In 1924, prior to his marriage, Roberts was already becoming known in auto racing circles. He raced at the Ascot Speedway in California and participated in a series of races in Hawaii.

1938 Indianapolis 500
In qualifying, Roberts won the pole in his Burd Piston Ring Special, entered by car owner Lou Moore, at a record qualifying speed of 125.681 mph. At that time he had not won a major championship race in his 22-year career. He was quoted as saying, "My luck has always run in cycles. Now it's running good and I'll win."

During the race, Roberts and Wilbur Shaw, in gasoline-powered cars, fell behind several alcohol-fueled machines. When the latter cars had to pit for fuel before the petrol entries, Roberts first took the lead. He made his only pit stop for gas and a tire change at about 300 miles, and relinquished the lead to Jimmy Snyder. 75 miles later, Snyder came in a third time for more methanol, and Roberts, pulling away from Shaw, re-took a lead he would not give up again. He came home with a record average speed of over 117 mph. His share of winnings totaled over $32,000. Owner Moore said, "Floyd has always wanted to retire to a farm as soon as he had enough money. I am hoping he will."

Death
At the 1939 Indianapolis 500 Roberts was on lap 106, when the car driven by Bob Swanson lost control and went sideways. Roberts' car struck Swanson's causing Swanson's car to flip over and catch fire ejecting Swanson.

Roberts' car went over the outer wall, through a fence at 100 mi/h and headfirst into a tree. Attempting to avoid the accident, Chet Miller swerved into the debris field. His car flipped, and went into the inner wall. Two spectators were also injured by flying debris. The three drivers were taken to hospitals, while it took over 30 minutes to clear the burning wreck of Swanson's car from the track. Roberts died in Methodist Hospital, suffering a broken neck, among other injuries. His death was announced before the race was completed.

According to reports, Roberts had intended to retire following the race.

Awards and honors
Roberts has been inducted into the following halls of fame:
 * Auto Racing Hall of Fame (1985)

title: Floyd Roberts


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Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2005-06-06/In the news

Bloggers discuss benefits of MediaWiki as collaboration tool
MediaWiki was written especially for Wikipedia, but as it is open source, highly featured and freely available it has been turned to a diverse range of uses. This week, a writer on the technology blog Corante discussed how wikis could enhance collaboration in a wide variety of fields.

Open source blogging software WordPress uses Mediawiki to work on its documentation, and wordpress founder Matt Mullenweg said there were many reasons why wikis can enhance collaboration, the main one being that they are so easy to use. The lack of barriers to involvement in a wiki encourage a great deal more user participation than many other models.

Mullenweg also offered his thoughts on open source software in general, and said he thought it had a much brighter future than commercial software. "I wouldn't want my company reliant on someone else's business model in such a rapidly changing market. Selling software is dead", he said. However, he noted that a great deal of open source software is written without regard for what commercial users want. Because of this, open source software might sometimes be slow to develop in response to the needs of its user base.

Open source methods vital for business future
Continuing on the theme of open source software's advantages over its commercial rivals, South African newspaper Business Today examined the pros and cons of either side, and noted that Linux had confounded industry analysts by being both cheaper and more reliable than Microsoft Windows. Wikipedia, said the article, is "an equally visible example of the open-source idea".

The article looked at the expansion of the open source philosophy into media beyond IT, and cited the success of collaborative news project ohmynews in South Korea, although it did not mention the similar Wikimedia project Wikinews.

Wikipedia spreads around schools in South Africa
Also in South Africa, it was reported this week that a project to equip schools in Western Cape province with computer equipment has now installed its 100th school computer lab in the Western Cape. The Schools Linux User Group plans to extend its programme of supplying refurbished PCs to Eastern Cape and Limpopo provinces next year, and Wikipedia is one of the packages installed on the computers, according to the website tectonic.

Wikipedia vandalised by Socialtext CEO
EContent magazine reported this week on a live vandalism of Wikipedia at a conference in Arizona in April. At the Buying & Selling eContent show, Ross Mayfield, the CEO of collaborative software developers Socialtext, apparently began his presentation by vandalising a Wikipedia article. He revisited the article at the end of his talk, by which time the changes had been reverted.

Econtent's reporter did not seem overly impressed by this demonstration of Wikipedia's self-healing nature. She described Wikipedia as the best known wiki on the web, but despite Wikipedia now being firmly established in the top 100 sites on the internet (see archived story), she said that "may not be saying much, given wikis' relative lack of visibility".


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Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2005-06-06/Arbitration report

The Arbitration Committee continued to steadily accept new cases but only issued a ruling in one matter last week. To keep the growth of its caseload in check, the committee may close some cases without a decision if the dispute is no longer active.

Last Thursday, the committee concluded a case involving LevelCheck, deciding to have this account blocked indefinitely as a disruptive user and possible sockpuppet. The evidence presented showed that LevelCheck had, ever since the creation of the account, started or gotten involved in a variety of disputes, especially by controversial actions dealing with categories, templates, and redirects. The arbitrators concluded based on LevelCheck's "inherent familiarity with Wikipedia procedures and policies" that the account was likely a sockpuppet.

Meanwhile, arbitrator Neutrality moved to close two cases in an effort to clear out disputes that have gone stale and no longer warrant being handled through arbitration. The first was the case against Wareware, who has not edited since a month before the request was made, and this matter in fact appears set to close. Neutrality also recommended closing the case involving Instantnood, indicating that "this is generally a content matter and the dispute seems to have died down." At last check, this motion still needed the support of one additional arbitrator for the case to be closed.

New requests
In a request carried over from previous weeks, the stalemate over Netoholic's request for arbitration against Cantus was broken and the case opened based on a 5-2 vote. Another request, with multiple users complaining about the behavior of Zivinbudas on Lithuanian subjects, was opened on Thursday. Two additional cases were opened on Sunday: a complaint by ChrisO against Argyrosargyrou for edit warring on articles related to Cyprus, and one by Meelar and Firebug against Mlorrey regarding a dispute over gun control articles.

Finally, on Sunday Everyking submitted a request for the Arbitration Committee to review his case. The decision in that case, issued 5 April, banned Everyking from editing articles related to Ashlee Simpson for a year, but provided that he could apply to have this sanction lifted after two months. The two months having expired, Everyking asked for the ban to be removed.

Also this week: Downtime — Passwords — Content arbitration — Brockhaus — Features — Top 100 list — T.R.O.L.L. — Press coverage


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Grover Hot Springs State Park

Grover Hot Springs State Park is a state park of California, United States, containing natural hot springs on the eastern side of the Sierra Nevada. Park amenities include a swimming pool complex fed by the hot springs, as well as a campground, picnic area, and hiking trails. The 553 acre park was established in 1959.

Name
Named for Alvin M Grover on whose homestead the springs are situated and was county assessor.

Geography
Grover Hot Springs State Park is located at 5900 ft in the northern Sierra Nevada, at the edge of the Great Basin. Vegetation consists mainly of pine forest, sagebrush, and open meadows. The park is open all year allowing visitors to experience a variety of weather conditions, from major blizzards to dry days, from warm clear nights to intense, blasting thunderstorms. Winds of great speed coming off the mountains are capable of whipping through the park causing damage during any month of the year.

Hot springs and pools
The mineral deposits on the bottom of the pool cause refracted light to lose certain wavelengths; a distinct yellow-green hue is noticeable. These mineral deposits are laid down on the bottom by an oxidation reaction between the mineral salts in the water and the bromine used as a sanitizing agent. The pool complex is generally open every day (except Wednesday) year round. The pools close during nearby thunderstorms due to the possibility of lightning striking the water.

title: Grover Hot Springs State Park


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Avila Beach, California

Avila Beach (Spanish: Ávila) is an unincorporated community in San Luis Obispo County, California, United States, located on San Luis Obispo Bay about 160 miles (257 km) northwest of Los Angeles, and about 200 miles south of San Francisco. The population was 1,576 at the 2010 census. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined Avila Beach as a census-designated place (CDP).

History
The name Avila commemorates Miguel Ávila, who was granted Rancho San Miguelito in 1842. The town was established in the latter half of the 19th century, when it served as the main shipping port for San Luis Obispo. Around this time, Luigi Marre built a honeymoon hotel here and steamboats brought customers from San Francisco and Los Angeles.

Although Avila Beach still has a working commercial fishing pier and the inland areas have extensive apple orchards, tourism is now the main industry. There are few historical structures remaining; among the oldest is the Point San Luis Light, built in 1890 after a series of shipping accidents. During World War II the beach and port were used for the Amphibious Training Base Morro Bay.

In the late 1990s, Unocal began the cleanup of decades old oil seepage discovered years earlier from corroding pipes under the township, and which had caused a massive oil spill under the town. Over 6,750 truckloads of contaminated material was sent to a Bakersfield landfill, and replaced with clean Guadalupe Dunes sand. Many of the town's homes and businesses, including several blocks of Front Street, were razed as a result of the quarter-mile-wide excavation. New buildings, homes, businesses, modern walkways and sea motif walls and benches have been constructed.

Geography
The beach is less than 0.5 miles (0.8 km) long and sheltered in San Luis Bay, which is formed by Point San Luis on the west and Fossil Point on the east. Avila Beach faces south and the 600 foot elevation of Point San Luis breaks the prevailing northwesterly winds. It is therefore usually warmer than the other beaches on the Central Coast. Most of Avila Beach is undeveloped, except for a few blocks adjacent to the beach with homes, hotels, and small businesses, and a few upscale housing developments inland near a golf course. Avila Beach is also known for its hot springs, which are used for resort spas.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP covers an area of 6.0 square miles (15.6 km2), 99.71% of it land, and 0.29% of it water.

Climate
Average temperatures vary little during the year, ranging from 47 - 49 F to 70 - 72 F from November through April, and from 60 - 69 F to 80 - 82 F from May through October. Average annual rainfall is 15 in. Along with much of the California coast, winter is the wet season, with more than 70% of the yearly rain falling from December through March, while summer brings drought conditions.

Demographics
The 2010 United States Census reported that Avila Beach had a population of 1,627. The population density was 269.9 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Avila Beach was 1,507 (92.6%) White, 13 (0.8%) African American, 7 (0.4%) Native American, 33 (2.0%) Asian, 0 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 34 (2.1%) from other races, and 33 (2.0%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 111 persons (6.8%).

The Census reported that 1,627 people (100% of the population) lived in households, 0 (0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.

There were 842 households, out of which 115 (13.7%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 416 (49.4%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 39 (4.6%) had a female householder with no husband present, 16 (1.9%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 36 (4.3%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 14 (1.7%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 296 households (35.2%) were made up of individuals, and 108 (12.8%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.93. There were 471 families (55.9% of all households); the average family size was 2.45.

The population was spread out, with 183 people (11.2%) under the age of 18, 74 people (4.5%) aged 18 to 24, 263 people (16.2%) aged 25 to 44, 597 people (36.7%) aged 45 to 64, and 510 people (31.3%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 56.9 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.0 males.

There were 1,093 housing units at an average density of 181.3 /sqmi, of which 529 (62.8%) were owner-occupied, and 313 (37.2%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 3.1%; the rental vacancy rate was 7.4%. 1,074 people (66.0% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 553 people (34.0%) lived in rental housing units.

Economy
Avila Beach and adjacent Port San Luis have three piers: Avila Beach Pier, 1,685 ft in length, is open to tourist strolling and recreational fishing; Harford Pier, which is for commercial fishing boats to offload their wares since 1873; and the California Polytechnic State University (Cal Poly SLO) Pier, part of the university's marine research program, is not publicly accessible.

The pier has become a site for whale watching as numbers of grays and humpback whales come into bays around the pier to feed and draw crowds during the seasons.

Diablo Canyon Power Plant, the last remaining nuclear power plant in California, is located in a remote area, about 6 mi northwest of the beach..

In popular culture
The Avila Beach Pier was featured in a Super Bowl advertisement on February 7, 2010.

Avila Beach was the primary shooting location for the 1979 film California Dreaming, which starred Dennis Christopher, Glynnis O'Connor, and Seymour Cassel.

title: Avila Beach, California


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Calculator input methods

There are various ways in which calculators interpret keystrokes. These can be categorized into two main types:
 * On a single-step or immediate-execution calculator, the user presses a key for each operation, calculating all the intermediate results, before the final value is shown.
 * On an expression or formula calculator, one types in an expression and then presses a key, such as "=" or "Enter", to evaluate the expression.  There are various systems for typing in an expression, as described below.

Immediate execution

The immediate execution mode of operation (also known as single-step, algebraic entry system (AES) or chain calculation mode) is commonly employed on most general-purpose calculators. In most simple four-function calculators, such as the Windows calculator in Standard mode and those included with most early operating systems, each binary operation is executed as soon as the next operator is pressed, and therefore the order of operations in a mathematical expression is not taken into account. Scientific calculators, including the Scientific mode in the Windows calculator and most modern software calculators, have buttons for brackets and can take order of operation into account. Also, for unary operations, like √ or x2, the number is entered first, then the operator; this is largely because the display screens on these kinds of calculators are generally composed entirely of seven-segment characters and thus capable of displaying only numbers, not the functions associated with them. This mode of operation also makes it impossible to change the expression being input without clearing the display entirely.

The $$1 + 2 \times 3$$ examples have been given twice. The first version is for simple calculators, showing how it is necessary to rearrange operands in order to get the correct result. The second version is for scientific calculators, where operator precedence is observed. Different forms of operator precedence schemes exist. In the algebraic entry system with hierarchy (AESH), the precedence of basic mathematical operators is taken into account, whereas calculators with algebraic entry system with parentheses (AESP) support the entry of parentheses. An input scheme known as algebraic operating system (AOS) combines both. This is the name Texas Instruments uses for the input scheme used in some of its calculators.

Immediate-execution calculators are based on a mixture of infix and postfix notation: binary operations are done as infix, but unary operations are postfix. Because operators are applied one-at-a-time, the user must work out which operator key to use at each stage, and this can lead to problems. When discussing these problems, Harold W. Thimbleby has pointed out that button-operated calculators "require numbers and operation signs to be punched in a certain order, and mistakes are easy to make and hard to spot".

Problems can occur because, for anything but the simplest calculation, in order to work out the value of a written formula, the user of a button-operated calculator is required to:
 * Rearrange the formula so that the value can be calculated by pressing buttons one at a time, while taking operator precedence and parentheses into account.
 * Use memory buttons to ensure that operations are applied in the correct order.
 * Use the special buttons and, that do not correspond to operations in the formula, for non-commutative operators.

Mistakes can be hard to spot because:
 * For the above reasons, the sequence of button presses may bear little resemblance to the original formula.
 * The operation carried out when a button is pressed is not always the same as the button, but could be a previously entered operation.

Examples of difficulties
The simplest example given by Thimbleby of a possible problem when using an immediate-execution calculator is 4 × (−5). As a written formula the value of this is −20 because the minus sign is intended to indicate a negative number, rather than a subtraction, and this is the way that it would be interpreted by a formula calculator.

On an immediate-execution calculator, depending on which keys are used and the order in which they are pressed, the result for this calculation may be different. Also there are differences between calculators in the way a given sequence of button presses is interpreted. The result can be:
 * −1: If the subtraction button is pressed after the multiplication, it is interpreted as a correction of the  rather than a minus sign, so that 4 − 5 is calculated.
 * 20: If the change-sign button is pressed before the 5, it isn't interpreted as −5, and 4 × 5 is calculated.
 * −20: To get the right answer, must be pressed last, even though the minus sign isn't written last in the formula.

The effects of operator precedence, parentheses and non-commutative operators, on the sequence of button presses, are illustrated by:
 * 4 − 5 × 6: The multiplication must be done first, and the formula has to be rearranged and calculated as −5 × 6 + 4. So ± and addition have to be used rather than subtraction. When is pressed, the multiplication is performed.
 * 4 × (5 + 6): The addition must be done first, so the calculation carried out is (5 + 6) × 4. When is pressed, the addition is performed.
 * 4 / (5 + 6): One way to do this is to calculate (5 + 6) / 4 first and then use the button, so the calculation carried out is 1/[(5 + 6)/4].
 * 4 × 5 + 6 × 7: The two multiplications must be done before the addition, and one of the results must be put into memory.

These are only simple examples, but immediate-execution calculators can present even greater problems in more complex cases. In fact, Thimbleby claims that users may have been conditioned to avoid them for all but the simplest calculations.

Declarative and imperative tools
The potential problems with immediate-execution calculators stem from the fact that they are imperative. This means that the user must provide details of how the calculation has to be performed.

Thimbleby has identified the need for a calculator that is more automatic and therefore easier to use, and he states that such a calculator should be more declarative. This means that the user should be able to specify only what has to be done, not how, and in which order, it has to be done.

Formula calculators are more declarative because the typed-in formula specifies what is to be done, and the user does not have to provide any details of the step-by-step order in which the calculation has to be performed.

Declarative solutions are easier to understand than imperative solutions, and there has been a long-term trend from imperative to declarative methods. Formula calculators are part of this trend.

Many software tools for the general user, such as spreadsheets, are declarative. Formula calculators are examples of such tools.

Using the full power of the computer
Software calculators that simulate hand-held, immediate execution calculators do not use the full power of the computer: "A computer is a far more powerful device than a hand-held calculator, and thus it is illogical and limiting to duplicate hand-held calculators on a computer." (Haxial Software Pty Ltd) Formula calculators use more of the computer's power because, besides calculating the value of a formula, they work out the order in which things should be done.

Infix notation

Infix notation is a method similar to immediate execution with AESH and/or AESP, but unary operations are input into the calculator in the same order as they are written on paper.

Calculators that use infix notation tend to incorporate a dot-matrix display to display the expression being entered, frequently accompanied by a seven-segment display for the result of the expression. Because the expression is not evaluated until it is fully entered, there is provision for editing the entered expression at any point prior to evaluation, as well as replaying entered expressions and their answers from memory.

Most graphing calculators by Casio and Texas Instruments use this method. On its scientific calculators, Sharp calls this method Direct Algebraic Logic (D.A.L.), Casio calls this method the Visually Perfect Algebraic Method (V.P.A.M.), and Texas Instruments calls it the Equation Operating System (EOS).

Reverse Polish notation

In reverse Polish notation, also known as postfix notation, all operations are entered after the operands on which the operation is performed. Reverse Polish notation is parenthesis-free, which usually leads to fewer button presses needed to perform an operation. By the use of a stack, one can enter formulas without the need to rearrange operands.

Hewlett-Packard's calculators are well-known examples among calculators which use RPN. Early models, such as the HP-35, used RPN entirely without any alternative methods. Later models can switch between RPN and another notation, such as the HP-12C Platinum which includes both RPN and immediate execution (with operations performed strictly in the order in which inputs are entered), the HP 33s with both RPN and a hybrid of immediate/infix algebraic notation (operations are performed in accordance with standard order of operations, but single-operand functions are input with the operand first followed by the operator), and its successor the HP 35s with both RPN and standard algebraic infix notation.

Note: The first example illustrates one of the few cases where reverse Polish notation does not use the fewest button presses – provided one does not rearrange operands. If one would do so then only six keystrokes would be needed.

BASIC notation
BASIC notation is a particular implementation of infix notation where functions require their parameters to be in brackets.

This method was used from the 1980s to the 1990s in BASIC programmable calculators and pocket computers. Texas Instruments would later implement the method in many of its graphing calculators, including the TI-83 and TI-84 Plus series. Most computer algebra systems (CASes) also use this as the default input method.

In BASIC notation, the formula is entered as it would be entered in BASIC, using the  command – the   command itself being optional. On pressing "ENTER" or "=", the result would be displayed. As with standard infix notation, typing mistakes in the entered formula could be corrected using the same editor function as the one used when programming the calculator.

For the second example, two options are given depending on if the BASIC programmable pocket computers have dedicated trigonometric keys or not.

Ten key notation
The ten-key notation input method first became popular with accountants' paper tape adding machines. It generally makes the assumption that entered numbers are being summed, although other operations are supported. Each number entered is followed by its sign (+/−), and a running total is kept. An assumption is made that the last operand can be implicitly used next, so by just entering another + (for example), one will reuse the most recent operand. Ten key input mode is available in printing calculators from companies such as Sharp, and in software calculators like Judy's TenKey used by accounting firms. Online tenkey training and certification tools are available as well, and some businesses use ten key typing speed as an employment criterion.

Mathematical display
Modern computer algebra systems, as well as many scientific and graphing calculators, allow for "pretty-printing", that is, entry of equations such that fractions, surds and integrals, etc. are displayed in the way they would normally be written. Such calculators are generally similar in appearance to those using infix notation, but feature a full dot-matrix display and templates for entering expressions, which are navigated using arrow keys on the calculator. The templates contain spaces for values or expressions to be entered, and empty values would typically result in a syntax error, making it more cumbersome to navigate than standard infix notation; standard infix notation is often an option on such calculators as well.

Casio used to call this feature Natural Display or Natural textbook display, but now uses Natural-VPAM. Sharp calls this WriteView on its scientific calculators and simply Equation Editor on its graphing calculators. HP calls this its Textbook display setting, which can be used in both RPN and Algebraic mode and in both the Stack and in the Equation Writer application. Mathematica calls this Semantic-Faithful Typesetting. Mathcad calls this standard math notation. Maple has a Math Equation Editor, but does not have a special name for this input method. Texas Instruments calls it MathPrint, incorporating it in its high-end calculators, such as the TI-Nspire series, and in 2011 added the feature to its TI-84 series with the 2.55 OS update.

For the second example, two options are given, depending on whether the calculators will automatically insert needed parentheses or not. Machines equipped with an alphanumeric display will display  before  is pressed.

title: Calculator input methods


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Audenshaw School

Audenshaw School is an all-boys secondary school in Audenshaw, Greater Manchester, England. Previously, the school was known as Audenshaw Grammar School. It opened to boys in 1932.

History
On 29 July 1932, Audenshaw Grammar School for Boys was opened, providing facilities for 300 pupils. "The school officially opened on Saturday July 23rd at 3.00 pm when the contractors handed the keys to County Alderman J. T. Travis Clegg DL JP. The school remained open until 7:00 pm for inspection by the general public. On 13 September 1932, seventy-six boys walked through the gates of a brand new Grammar School on Hazel Street Audenshaw."

The first Head Master was John Lord, who was in charge until 1953. He was followed by Ronald Porter, who had joined the school from Stretford Grammar School. Kenneth Exley became Headmaster in 1961, having previously been Headmaster at the Creighton School for Boys in Carlisle.

In 1981, Graham Locke OBE succeeded Exley as Head Master. Locke was Head Master until his sudden death in 1994; the school's sports hall is named in his memory. Locke was later appointed to the Order of the British Empire for his role for services to education.

Alan Crompton was Head Master from 1994 to 2005, whereupon he retired. Crompton had previously worked at Copley High School in Stalybridge. He was widely regarded as one of the most outstanding Head Masters of his generation. When Crompton retired he was succeeded by Stephen Turner, who joined the school having been Head at Golborne High School in Wigan – he retired in 2012. The current Head is Jeanette Saw was appointed in June 2013. In 1989, Audenshaw became one of the first Grant Maintained (GM) schools in England under the leadership of Locke and the then Chair of Governors T. Hall. The school had faced the threat of a merger and then closure. The LEA attempted to sell the school land but a High Court ruling overturned this action. The school opted out of LEA control in 1988; parents voted for the maintenance – 86% of those eligible voted; 91% of them voting in favour of the school receiving grant maintenance. This followed the Parents Action Group campaign. Since then the school has grown and has become one of the most popular schools in Tameside. Mr T Hall was awarded the MBE for services to Education and he remains the Chair of Governors.

In the mid-1960s, pupils of Audenshaw Grammar School formed a branch of the Peak Forest Canal Restoration Society. Founding members W. Lear, N. Markham, and W. Morgan began their efforts in the summer of 1965 with the objective of cleaning, restoring and reopening the then derelict Ashton Canal. Successful in their ambitious aim, the canal was eventually reopened on 13 May 1974 by Denis Howel, then Member of Parliament for Birmingham Small Heath and the Minister for Sport.

Audenshaw Grammar School lost its sixth form in the late 1970s due to ‘reorganisation’ within the LEA. However, an adjoining sixth form college was opened in 1997, the same year the school was granted foundation school status but this time it was co-educational rather than single-sex, gaining fairly mixed results. Audenshaw School converted to academy status in September 2010. The school also became fully comprehensive in the late 1970s. The sixth form was announced to close in 2018. It has now been changed into the school’s maths department.

In 1999, Audenshaw School won the inaugural – and only – schools' series of Channel 4's daytime quiz show Fifteen to One.

The Queen Mother visited the school in 1959 to present colours to the Manchester Regiment. In 2007, the school celebrated its 75th anniversary with a visit by the Princess Royal who officially opened the Sixth Form extension.

World War II
A number of old boys and a master were killed during active service during World War II. Their names are remembered on the Roll of Honour in the main hall, which carries the inscription "Remember with Pride and Gratitude":

 * E T Alwood RN
 * W Bradley RA (a master)
 * L Carr MN
 * H W Cooper RAF
 * T Cusack MN
 * E Davy RAC
 * A B Fawcett RAF
 * E J Hartley RAF
 * J L Harvey MN
 * J Heyworth RAF
 * W Hooper RAF
 * K Howard RAF
 * J Key RAF
 * D J Kilner RAF
 * A E Leach RAF
 * C C Procter RAF
 * D Ryan RAF
 * F T M Sidebotham RAF
 * P S Thomas RAF
 * J D Thornton RAF

Noted alumni

 * Sporting
 * Eric Evans (1921–1991): captained England's rugby team
 * Danny Hall (b. 1983): Professional footballer who has played for Gretna, Oldham Athletic and Shrewsbury Town among others.
 * John O'Driscoll (b. 1953): Ireland international and British Lions rugby player of the 1970s and 1980s
 * Stephen Parry: (b. 1986) Lancashire and England cricketer.
 * Zach Clough (b. 1995): Professional footballer currently playing for Adelaide United. Who has previously played for Bolton Wanderers, Nottingham Forest and Wigan Athletic among others.
 * Dean Schofield (b. 1979): plays professional rugby for Sale Sharks and England Saxons (England A)
 * James Tunnicliffe (b. 1989): Professional footballer currently playing for Stockport.
 * Gene Ormsby (b. 1992): Former professional rugby player

 * Other

 * Jake Mellor (b. 1994) "Famous" (1.68K subs) YouTuber DevilBoyScooby.
 * Robert Shakespeare (b 1982): Designer of Olympic weightlifting 50p.
 * Mark Hunter (b. 1957): MP for Cheadle since 2005
 * Mick Hucknall (b. 1960): lead singer of the band Simply Red
 * Sir Alexander Markham: Professor of Medicine at the University of Leeds, Director of the Molecular Medicine Institute at St James's University Hospital
 * Col Needham (b. 1967): Founder and CEO of IMDb
 * Sir Ralph Riley (1924–1999): botanist and geneticist

title: Audenshaw School


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User:Tsóc

Link

 * The World According to Ó Ceallaigh

title: User:Tsóc


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New Chardon Street

New Chardon Street is a street in downtown Boston, Massachusetts, United States, north of Government Center. It begins at Cambridge Street at Bowdoin Square, across from Bowdoin Street. The two-way street continues east across Congress Street, ending at Haymarket Square with access to the Sumner and Callahan Tunnels (Route 1A) and the Central Artery (I-93/U.S. 1/Route 3), as well as local access to Washington Street North and the Surface Artery.

History
New Chardon Street was originally Chardon Street, connecting Bowdoin Square to Merrimac and Portland Streets (where Congress Street now intersects). The street was originally "laid out through the Parker-Gerrish pasture in 1682. It was called "the highway to Jackson's distill house," "the lane to the mill pond," and in 1785, "Chardon's lane." Chardon Street was named after a Huguenot descendant, Peter Chardon, who acquired the property on the street in 1733 and "built a house on the corner of the street bearing his name. He was a man of polished manners, and an influential merchant of the old time. A school-house was erected in 1804, at the corner of Chardon and Hawkins Streets." Hawkins Street was also the site of many distilling houses.

In the nineteenth century, Chardon street was home to Chardon Street Chapel (1838), a large church founded by Joshua V. Himes, an early leader of the Advent Christian Church.

The full length of the street had streetcar tracks added between 1872 and 1874; they were gone by 1925.

The street stayed in the same configuration until the 1960s, when Government Center was built and the streets in the area were reconfigured. Chardon Street was realigned and renamed New Chardon Street, made one-way westbound, and extended east to Washington Street North and the Central Artery as a continuation of Cross Street.

As part of the Big Dig in the early 2000s, the road was made two-way, along with easier access to the Sumner and Callahan Tunnels at its east end provided by new ramps.

title: New Chardon Street


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John Macdonald, Lord Kingsburgh

Sir John Hay Athole Macdonald, Lord Kingsburgh, KCB, PC, PRSSA, FRS, FRSE (27 December 1836 – 9 May 1919) was a Scottish Conservative Party politician and later a judge.

Life
Macdonald was born on 28 December 1836 at 29 Great King Street in Edinburgh's New Town, the son of Grace Hay and Matthew Norman MacDonald (later MacDonald-Hume) of Ninewells, an affluent Edinburgh lawyer. He was privately educated at Edinburgh Academy. He studied law at the University of Edinburgh and the University of Basle in Switzerland.

He was called to the Scottish bar in 1859. On 30 July 1875 he was appointed by Queen Victoria to be Sheriff of the Shires of Ross, Cromarty, and Sutherland. He was appointed Solicitor General for Scotland from 1876 to 1880. He was appointed as Sheriff of Perthshire in 1880, and served as Dean of the Faculty of Advocates from 1882 to 1885. The University of Edinburgh gave him an honorary doctorate (LLD) in 1884. In 1886 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were John MacLaren, Lord MacLaren, Sir William Turner, Peter Guthrie Tait and Alexander Buchan.

Elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Edinburgh and St Andrews Universities at the 1885 general election, he served as Lord Advocate from 1885 to 1886 and from 1886 to 1888. He became a Queen's Counsel in 1880, and was appointed a Privy Counsellor in 1885. He was created a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB) by Queen Victoria in 1900.

He was commissioned as a Lieutenant-Colonel in the 1st Queen's Edinburgh Rifle Volunteer Brigade in 1864, and was its Lt-Col Commandant from 1882 to 1892. He was one of the leading advocates of drill reform in the Volunteer movement, author of On the Best Detail Formation for the New Infantry Tactics (1873) and Commonsense on Parade or Drill without Strings (1886). In 1885 he organised a spectacular night assembly of the brigade, which resulted in 500 new recruits. He was later appointed as the brigade's Honorary Colonel, remaining in that role with the 5th (Queen's Edinburgh Rifles) Battalion, Royal Scots, when the Territorial Force was formed in 1908.

He gave up his Parliamentary seat and was appointed Lord Justice Clerk in 1888, taking the title Lord Kingsburgh, and presided over the Second Division of the Court of Session until 1915. He was promoted from Ensign to Lieutenant in the Royal Company of Archers on 18 June 1915.

In 1875 he became one of the founding members of the ruling council of the Cockburn Association, Edinburgh's influential conservationist organisation, becoming the body's vice-president in 1887 and then its president in 1914, relinquishing the latter office in 1918.

In the 1916 Birthday Honours King George V created him a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath (GCB).

He was an enthusiastic car owner and was a founding member of the Automobile Club and was the first president of the Scottish Automobile Club. He also registered Edinburgh's first ever number plate.

He died at home, 15 Abercromby Place, a short distance from his birthplace, on 9 May 1919. He is buried in St Cuthbert's Churchyard at the west end of Princes Street.

Family
In 1864 he married Adelaide Jeanette Doran. She died in 1870.

Publications

 * Practical Treatise on the Criminal Law of Scotland (1887)

title: John Macdonald, Lord Kingsburgh


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The Hawaiians (WFL)

The Hawaiians were a professional American football team based in Honolulu that played in the World Football League. They played two seasons, 1974 and 1975. Their records were 9–11 in 1974 and 4–7–1 in 1975. Their home stadium was Honolulu Stadium in 1974 and Aloha Stadium in 1975. The best known player to play for the Hawaiians was former Dallas Cowboys running back Calvin Hill, though quarterback Jim Fassel became better known as a head coach decades later. The Hawaiians' head coach was Michael Giddings who guided the Hawaiians through both the 1974 and 1975 World Football League seasons.

The franchise was originally going to be called the Honolulu Warriors, but a local team had trademarked that name. As a result, the team was known simply as "The Hawaiians", although the press frequently mistakenly called them the "Honolulu Hawaiians" or the "Hawaii Hawaiians." They were owned by real estate developer Christopher Hemmeter for the first season. He was named league president in 1975, and sold the Hawaiians to jewel merchant Edward Sultan Jr.

Though lasting for less than two seasons of play, the Hawaiians represented a serious attempt to form a viable professional football organization, one that at least had the potential for success had the WFL been better run. They were one of only three teams that did not miss a payroll during the league's first season. (False accounts had said some players released from the team could not afford to get to the mainland.) Hemmeter and his original partner, Sam Battisone (who also owned the NBA's New Orleans Jazz) were among the few owners thought to be capable of fielding a team in 1975. It was the first and, to date, only major professional American football team to establish its home base outside the contiguous 48 states.

1974 regular season

 * Source

1975 regular season

 * Source

title: The Hawaiians (WFL)


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File:Viktor Kaplan.gif

Viktor Kaplan

low res pic + historical person -> fairuse source: http://members.magnet.at/alpha-channel/electro/lauf/bilder/turbinen/e01.gif

title: File:Viktor Kaplan.gif


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Portland Thunder (WFL)

The Portland Thunder (originally Portland Storm) was an American football team in the World Football League based out of Portland, Oregon. When the World Football League was created in October 1973, the Storm was the original New York franchise. When the Boston Bulls merged with New York to become the New York Stars, the original New York entry's draft picks were eventually relocated to Portland. They were the first major league football team based in Portland. They played at then Civic Stadium, now known as Providence Park.

Portland's original owner, Houston accountant John Rooney, soon dropped out of the picture. By March 1974, Bruce Gelker, a former football player and owner of several Saddleback Inns, was named the new owner of the fledgling team. Gelker originally sought a team in Mexico City, which proved to be unfeasible. After approaching officials in Salt Lake City, he settled on Portland. The Storm hired Ron Mix, a Pro Football Hall of Famer, as general manager and Dick Coury, an NFL assistant with the Denver Broncos, as head coach. Before the season, Canadian businessman Robert Harris bought a controlling interest, but Gelker stayed on as team president.

The Storm was the last WFL team to be organized, and as a result had mostly rookies on their roster. Among the standouts was running back Rufus "Roadrunner" Ferguson, ex-CFL and Detroit Lion quarterback Greg Barton, and linebackers coach Marty Schottenheimer (later a successful head coach in the NFL) and Bruce Bergey, brother of Cincinnati Bengals-Philadelphia Eagles linebacker Bill Bergey.

In the first half of the season Portland played poorly, going 2-7-1. The Storm won their first game when they beat Detroit in the ninth week. Originally a Wheels home game, the contest was moved to London, Ontario. The team improved during the second half of the season, thanks in part to several NFL players cut during training camp that September. Among the new signings were Ben Davidson of the Oakland Raiders, and Pete Beathard, who had been cut by the Kansas City Chiefs. With the stock of veterans, the Storm won six of their final 10 games. One of those wins was a 26–21 upset of the powerful Birmingham Americans.

The team was in trouble off the field as well. They only drew 14,000 fans per game. Additionally, an onerous lease with Civic Stadium rapidly drained the team of cash. By the middle of the season, Harris was so short on cash that he persuaded the Detroit Wheels to move their game to his hometown of London, Ontario. The players went the last few games without being paid, and reportedly they had to depend on sympathetic fans for food. They were forced to move their final home game, against the Florida Blazers, to the road due to the poor attendance, and only played after Harris guaranteed them $50,000. The money never arrived.

The team finished the season with an overall record of 7-12-1, tied with Houston-Shreveport for 8th place in the 12-team league and seemingly qualifying them for the playoffs. However, league officials decided to reduce the playoff field to six teams—without telling anyone with the Storm. Soon after, the IRS slapped a $168,000 lien on the franchise.

The Portland Thunder took the Storm's place in 1975 and lasted until the entire WFL folded halfway through their second season. The Thunder's office in downtown closed in October 1975.

In 2013, the Arena Football League expanded into Portland, as the Portland Thunder, making many recall the Storm/Thunder.

title: Portland Thunder (WFL)


text:
Viktor Kaplan

Viktor Kaplan (27 November 1876 – 23 August 1934) was an Austrian engineer and the inventor of the Kaplan turbine.

Life
Kaplan was born in Mürzzuschlag, Styria, Austria into a railroad worker's family. He graduated from high school in Vienna in 1895, after which he attended the Technical University of Vienna, where he studied mechanical engineering and specialised in diesel engines. From 1900 to 1901 he was drafted into military service in Pula.

After working in Vienna with a specialisation in motors, he moved to the German Technical University in Brno to conduct research at the institute of civil engineering. He spent the next three decades of his life in Brno, and nearly all his inventions and research are connected with his professorship there. In 1913 he was appointed head of the institute for water turbines.

In 1912 he published his most notable work: the Kaplan turbine, a revolutionary water turbine that was especially fitted to produce electricity from large streams with only a moderate incline. From 1912 to 1913 he received four patents on these kinds of turbines.

In 1918 the first Kaplan turbine with 26 kW power and a diameter of 60 cm was built by the Storek construction company for a textile manufacturer in Lower Austria. This turbine was used until 1955 and today is exhibited at the Technisches Museum Wien. After the success of the first Kaplan turbines they started being used worldwide and remain one of the most widely used kinds of water turbines.

In 1926 and 1934 Kaplan received honorary doctorates. He died of a stroke in 1934 at Unterach am Attersee, Austria.

Kaplan was honored and featured on the 1000 Austrian schilling banknote in 1961.

title: Viktor Kaplan


text: Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/Boneyard/Blank page 139


text:
Talk:Mehdi Mahdavikia

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 4 external links on Mehdi Mahdavikia. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130622022635/http://www.the-afc.com/en/2012-11-05-08-47-44/technical-division/grassroots/25958-mehdi-mahdavikia%2C-bai-liling-proud-to-play-ambassador-roles.html to http://www.the-afc.com/en/2012-11-05-08-47-44/technical-division/grassroots/25958-mehdi-mahdavikia%2C-bai-liling-proud-to-play-ambassador-roles.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110929013555/http://www.eintracht.de/aktuell/29590/ to http://www.eintracht.de/aktuell/29590/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120622011139/http://fc-perspolis.com/1391/%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF/30/%D9%85%D9%87%D8%AF%D9%88%DB%8C-%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B4-%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3-%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A1-%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF.aspx?lang=fa to http://fc-perspolis.com/1391/%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF/30/%D9%85%D9%87%D8%AF%D9%88%DB%8C-%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B4-%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3-%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A1-%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF.aspx?lang=fa
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060716073008/http://www.teammelli.com/Roster/MahdaviKiaRoster.htm to http://www.teammelli.com/Roster/MahdaviKiaRoster.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

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title: Talk:Mehdi Mahdavikia


text:
Talk:Swiss franc

Temporary nicknames problem in infobox

 * I tried to split the nicknames like this:

The 'unit' nicknames list works fine but not the sub-units list. None of the nicknames appear, instead the unit plurals are repeated. "It is not logical, Captain."

Any ideas? 𝕁𝕄𝔽 (talk) 14:02, 30 September 2022 (UTC)
 * See my edit just now for abc. Seems to work. BTW1: the "plurals" repeated you saw could be the (singular) names. These are repeated LH-side for subunits plurals, and then again for nicknames. (subunits are a horror already now, and then adding 5-lang lissts ... is daring; why not a section overview for stareters?). Ping me again if it still doesn't work (save that edit anyway so I can take a look). -DePiep (talk) 14:36, 30 September 2022 (UTC)
 * No, I still see the same abomination using Chrome at least, though how that could produce the 'false inheritance' I don't know. Let's sandbox it here: --𝕁𝕄𝔽 (talk) 14:53, 30 September 2022 (UTC)
 * I don't see irregularities. Not in Chrome either. NB "centimE" says its the sungular name in LH side.
 * Now, the subunits are a horror, up for improvement but not this week for me. Then, trying to stack five subvariants × [value, names, plural, nick] into an infobox is not a good way to bring information in any way or thought. So I prefer spending no more time on this. (IOW, better stop stacking constructs in an infobox this way; try otherthing). DePiep (talk) 15:04, 30 September 2022 (UTC)
 * No problem to park it for now. It is another edge case that is ugly but not broken. So as a reminder for when we come back to it, what I see is something like this (without the lines):

Curious but one for another time. --𝕁𝕄𝔽 (talk) 16:57, 30 September 2022 (UTC)

Resolved
The problem appears to have been fixed. --𝕁𝕄𝔽 (talk) 14:25, 6 December 2022 (UTC)

New banknotes
Please update the banknotes to the modern design. 178.197.197.244 (talk) 20:21, 5 December 2022 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia Italiana (IT:Banconote svizzere) has the new designs, so the table at should be techicnally easy to update, if anyone can supply the matching text?
 * Is anyone is able to make a fanfold image? (The editor who created the original has not contributed to Commons since 2013.) --𝕁𝕄𝔽 (talk)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 19:23, 2 March 2023 (UTC)
 * 20 CHF banknote (2017).jpg

title: Talk:Swiss franc


text:
Hsu Hai-ching

Hsu Hai-ching (許海清; 1913 – April 6, 2005) was a veteran gangster in Taiwan.

title: Hsu Hai-ching


text:
Talk:Hsu Hai-ching

Links
This needs to be written up; and I would not mind having articles on the four major gangs either.   – Kaihsu 18:48, 2005 May 30 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hsu Hai-ching


text:
The Haunting of Hill House

The Haunting of Hill House is a 1959 gothic horror novel by American author Shirley Jackson. It was a finalist for the National Book Award and has been made into two feature films (The Haunting, directed by Robert Wise, and its remake), a play, and is the basis of a Netflix series.

The book is dedicated to Leonard Brown, Jackson's English teacher at Syracuse University.

Development
"The author decided to write 'a ghost story' after reading about a group of nineteenth century 'psychic researchers' who studied a house and somberly reported their supposedly scientific findings to the Society for Psychic Research. What Jackson discovered in their 'dry reports was not the story of a haunted house, it was the story of several earnest, I believe misguided, certainly determined people, with their differing motivations and background.' Excited by the prospect of creating her own haunted house and the characters to explore it, she launched into research. She later claimed to have found a picture in a magazine of a California house she believed was suitably haunted-looking. She asked her mother, who lived in California, to help find information about the dwelling. According to Jackson, her mother identified the architect as the author's own great-great-grandfather, who had designed some of San Francisco's oldest buildings. Jackson also read volume upon volume of traditional ghost stories while preparing to write her own, 'No one can get into a novel about a haunted house without hitting the subject of reality head-on; either I have to believe in ghosts, which I do, or I have to write another kind of novel altogether.' – Paula Guran"

As part of her process, Jackson sketched floor plans of the downstairs and upstairs of Hill House and a rendering of the exterior.

Summary
Hill House is a mansion in a location never specified, surrounded by hills. Dr. John Montague, an investigator of the supernatural, Eleanor Vance, a shy young woman who resents caring for her demanding, disabled mother, Theodora, a bohemian artist, and Luke Sanderson, the young heir to Hill House, meet there at Montague's behest. Montague hopes to find scientific evidence of the existence of the supernatural. He rents Hill House for a summer and invites as his guests several people whom he has chosen because of their experiences with paranormal events. Of these, only Eleanor and Theodora accept. Eleanor travels to the house, where she and Theodora will live in isolation with Montague and Luke.

The house's two caretakers, Mr. and Mrs. Dudley, refuse to stay near the house at night. The four overnight visitors begin to form friendships as Montague explains the building's history, which encompasses suicide and other violent deaths.

All four of the inhabitants begin to experience strange events while in the house, including unseen noises and ghosts roaming the halls at night, strange writing on the walls, and other unexplained events. Eleanor tends to experience phenomena to which the others are oblivious. At the same time, Eleanor may be losing touch with reality, and it is implied that at least some of what Eleanor witnesses may be products of her imagination. Another implied possibility is that Eleanor possesses a subconscious telekinetic ability that is itself the cause of many of the disturbances experienced by her and the others, which might indicate there is no ghost in the house at all. This possibility is suggested especially by references early in the novel to Eleanor's childhood memories about episodes of a poltergeist-like entity that seemed to target her home.

Later in their stay, the doctor's wife, the haughty Mrs. Montague, and her companion Arthur Parker, the headmaster of a boys' school, arrive to spend a weekend at Hill House and help investigate it. They, too, are interested in the supernatural, including séances and spirit writing. Unlike the other four characters, they do not experience anything supernatural, although some of Mrs. Montague's alleged spirit writings seem to communicate with Eleanor.

Much of the supernatural phenomena that occur are described only vaguely, or else are partly hidden from the characters themselves. One night, Eleanor and Theodora are in a bedroom when an unseen force begins trying the door, and Eleanor believes after the fact that the hand she was holding in the darkness was not Theodora's. Later, as Theodora and Eleanor walk outside Hill House at night, they see a ghostly family picnic that seems to be taking place in daylight. Theodora screams in fear for Eleanor to run, warning her not to look back, though the book never explains what Theodora sees, but she babbles, laughs, and cries in fright.

The others eventually come to believe Eleanor is the cause of the disturbances. Fearing for her safety, Montague and Luke declare that she must leave. Eleanor, however, now regards the house as her home and resists. Montague and Luke force her into her car; she bids them farewell and drives off, but before leaving the grounds of Hill House, she propels the car into a large oak tree to her implied death.

Reception and legacy
In a New York Times review in 1959, Edmund Fuller wrote, "With her 'conceit' of Hill House, whether pretty be the name for it or not, Shirley Jackson proves again that she is the finest master currently practicing in the genre of the cryptic, haunted tale."

Stephen King, in his book Danse Macabre (1981), a non-fiction review of the horror genre, lists The Haunting of Hill House as one of the finest horror novels of the late 20th century and provides a lengthy review. In his review column for The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction, Damon Knight selected the novel as one of the 10 best genre books of 1959, declaring it "in a class by itself."

Reappraising the book in The Guardian in 2010, Sophie Missing wrote, "Jackson treats her material – which could be reduced to penny dreadful stuff in less deft hands – with great skill and subtlety. […] The horror inherent in the novel does not lie in Hill House (monstrous though it is) or the events that take place within it, but in the unexplored recesses of its characters' – and its readers' – minds. This is perhaps why it remains the definitive haunted house story".

In 2018, The New York Times polled 13 writers to choose the scariest book of fiction they have ever read, and Carmen Maria Machado and Neil Gaiman both chose The Haunting of Hill House.

Carmen Maria Machado wrote in The Atlantic about her experience discovering The Haunting of Hill House. She was at a writer's retreat while working on her short story "The Resident," and was told her story reminded readers of Shirley Jackson. Having read little of Jackson, Machado decided to read Hill House:

""When I went back home to Philly, I picked up a copy. And I just devoured it. I read it in one sitting. I started reading one night, and when my girlfriend (now wife) went to bed I just kept reading. It scared the shit out of me. Even though the events that appear to be supernatural activity are few and far between, those scenes are so chillingly written—as if Jackson was describing a phenomenon she'd seen before and really understood. The book's particular brand of surreality felt, to me, like that experience of walking home from a party a little bit drunk, when the world somehow seems sharper and clearer and weirder.""

Sara Century, writing for SyFy, pointed out the queer themes of the book, specifically calling out the example of Theo as a queer character who goes against the "bury your gays" trope: "Theo stands out for being an imperfect, fallible queer woman consistently being subjected to life-threatening situations yet still walking away from them, evolving rather than fading away."

Film
The novel has been adapted to film twice, in 1963 and again in 1999, both times under the title The Haunting. The 1963 version is a relatively faithful adaptation and received critical praise. The 1999 version, considerably different from the novel and widely panned by critics, is an overt fantasy horror in which all the main characters are terrorized and two are killed by explicitly supernatural deaths. It was also parodied in Scary Movie 2 (2001).

Theater
It was first adapted for the stage in 1964 by F. Andrew Leslie. In 2015, Anthony Neilson prepared a new stage adaptation for Sonia Friedman and Hammer for production at the Liverpool Playhouse.

Radio
In 1997, The Haunting of Hill House was abridged for radio by Alison Joseph and broadcast on BBC Radio 4 in eight 15-minute episodes, read by Emma Fielding.

Television
A loose television adaptation was released in 2018 to critical acclaim. It changed many elements from the novel, keeping mainly its Hill House setting, Mr and Mrs Dudley, and a few character names, but shifted the focus to members of a singular haunted "Crain family." It was directed by Mike Flanagan and was produced for Netflix. Varying from the novel, the series depicted the married couple and their five children being terrorized by the house for decades of their lives.

title: The Haunting of Hill House


text:
Leanna Brodie

Leanna Brodie is a Canadian actress and playwright.

Published writings

 * (play)
 * (play)
 * (play)
 * The Book of Esther Brodie, Leanna Talonbooks 2012

Unpublished writings

 * Invisible City. Broadcast by CBC Radio. 2001.
 * One Woman, One Child. 2002.

Awards

 * 2001, one of NOW Magazine's Top Ten Toronto Theatre Artists.

Performances

 * 2020, Red Phone, Boca del Lupo Theatre, live interactive project
 * 2010, The Vic, Vancouver B.C Premiere, Produced by Terminal Theatre and Directed by Sarah Szloboda
 * 2000, The Vic, Cahoots Theatre Projects and Theatre Passe Muraille Toronto

Interviews

 * Now: Brodie Measures Up
 * eye: Victim positions

title: Leanna Brodie


text:
User:Chronomaster K

This page is boring so I decided to blank it myself.

Don't expect anything at all describing me. I wouldn't ever do that.

title: User:Chronomaster K


text:
Taipei City Council

Taipei City Council is the city council of Taipei, Taiwan. One of the largest local councils in Taiwan, the city council is currently composed of 61 councillors, all elected lately in the 2022 Taiwanese local elections.

Composition
The Kuomintang, gaining 2 seat after the 2022 Taiwanese local elections, maintained its status as the largest party in the city council, but falling short of an overall majority. The Democratic Progressive Party, although still being the largest opposition party in the council, gain 2 seats in the election. New Party and People First Party, members of the conventional pan-Blue coalition, won 2 seats each. Smaller parties, including New Power Party, Social Democratic Party and Can't Stop This Party, won 3 seats in total. All standing as an independent, 7 candidates were elected to the city council.

Since the local elections in 2022, the Council was composed as follows:

First building
The Council was formed in 1946 after the handover of Taiwan to the Republic of China from the Japanese Government. The Council Chamber was initially located in the Zhongshan Hall in Zhongzheng District.

Second building
On 3 August 1964, the Council moved to a site on the corner of Zhongxiao West Road and Zhongshan South Road, still in Zhongzheng District. The building occupied an area of 42,965 m2. In 2016, the Taipei City Government plans to redevelop the abandoned former council building into the Taipei City Vision Museum as part of the Taipei museum strip. The building was demolished on 25 February 2016 and reopened to the public as open green space on 9 April 2016.

Current building
The current Council building is located in the History Project Area of Taipei in Xinyi District. It was inaugurated on 8 October 1990.

Organization

 * Speaker
 * Deputy Speaker
 * Secretary-General
 * Deputy Secretary-General
 * Permanent Committee's office
 * Secretariat Office
 * Procedure Section
 * General Affairs Section
 * Documents Section
 * Public Relations Office
 * Legal Affairs Office
 * Information Office
 * Personnel Office
 * Accounting Office
 * Permanent Committees
 * Civil Affairs Committee
 * Finance and Construction Committee
 * Education Committee
 * Transportation Committee
 * Police and Sanitation Committee
 * Public Works Committee
 * Legislation Committee
 * Special Committees
 * Procedure Committee
 * Discipline Committee

Transportation
The council building is accessible within walking distance South West from Taipei City Hall Station of the Taipei Metro.

title: Taipei City Council


text:
Talk:Soldat (video game)

Some links
I've added the fan sites links. Please review if it's right. HeXbase (talk) 18:56, 15 May 2008 (UTC)

Clean-up
I think this page requires clean-up; pretty much the entire article is dedicated to yapping about the fan community, with only a few sentences dedicated to the game itself. 63.3.0.129 23:39, 6 April 2007 (UTC)

Developers
The developers section... for the past year or so EnEsCe (Nick Cooper), Chris GBK (Chris Greenbank) and myself (Ryan Rawdon) have been doing development work on the dedicated server and lobby, as well as working with MM to make numerous client-side developments and hosting/other changes. Should anything be changed to reflect this or should Michal be left as the sole developer? FliesLikeABrick 15:29, 26 June 2007 (UTC)

Server/Player estimates
These estimates will likely change when 1.4 is out due to the better lobby which actually shows the correct numbers. The current lobbies probably only show about half of the people and servers online. I'll come back and change these once the new version is out.

Site down?
Hey guys, the Soldat site is down. You think 1.3.2's coming out? :) --Username314 10:52, 19 December 2006 (UTC)

Inspired by worms
Is soldat inspired by worms? Or is it just that it's inspired by liero which is similar to worms? Ragzouken 12:10, 22 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Not Worms, for the simple reason Worms is turn based, and this is real time. Even though both are side-view and involve combat, I think that's about as far as the similarities run. Kevin 15:11, 1 November 2007 (UTC)

The word "bink" is used repeatedly in this article without definition. It should be defined to avoid confusion.

 * fine i will define it. Bink happens when you take damage or fire too rapidly(a.k.a. spraying) and your cursor begins to enlarge. This will cause your gun to be much more innacurate. The big problems with bink more come from teammates in FFoff servers who will spray wildly with blatant disregard for your sniping post. Should their non damaging AK shot hit you right before you fire, you must wait for your bink to cool. In close fire fights in hallways though, you can usually fire the draganov (sniper) and the ricochet will kill them. but w/e

Soldat is a very fun game, and best of all its FREE!
 * Thanks for sharing.

In my opinion it is useless to add the changelog for the latest version. --82.228.144.15 16:24, 11 December 2005 (UTC)

The bink link links to the Magician of Xanth or something, we should probably unlink it --70.31.171.48 01:26, 5 April 2006 (UTC) Agreed :| --Mr. Jenkins 01:49, 2 November 2006 (UTC)

Not clips, please.
None of the weapons in Soldat use clips. Magazines and clips are not the same thing, and the words are not interchangeable. Please use the word magazine from now on. --Mouseandkeyboard 08:02, 29 June 2006 (UTC)

Bugs
The 'Hit' section should be changed to 'Bugs'. The Hit bug is caused by lag, not bad coding, and is just one of 30+ known soldat bugs (list of bugs here). There should be a brief paragraph saying that Soldat has numerous bugs, unfortanetly, bla bla bla. Some people don't play Soldat purely because of the bugs! --Mr. Jenkins 00:03, 6 October 2006 (UTC)

One of the most amazing effects is the flag's realistic waving as a player runs with one. What... The flag doesn't wave, it bobs around and makes waving sounds... I think this should be deleted. --Mr. Jenkins 01:51, 27 October 2006 (UTC)

AD!
"Soldat Clan''' - Freedom Is Slavery Soldat Clan .:FIS:. Join now, Servers, Online Chat, Forum Board, Clan captains in Canada, America, Europe and much more." (here) I say terminate. LITIS 17:28, 1 December 2006 (UTC)

"Hit"
The description of the "hit" problem is I think should be referred to either as "collision problems", or "hit-detection problems".The word "hit" in Soldat is used by players denoting that a shot has connected,but not registered. Sniping dreamer 02:07, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

yea the rambo bow doesnt automatically replace your secondary. you have to drop your gun first then pick it up. (recomendation:take the knife when you go get it and as you aproach the current rambo, take him out by lunging at him and throwing the knife. this way, he will die in one hit, drop the bow, and your hands are empty, allowing you to pick up the bow.)

Freeware?
Not according to the licence... "Soldat is a Shareware application."
 * I'll change it 70.23.4.205 01:33, 12 August 2007 (UTC)

SubGame modes.
Should SubGame modes like Trenchwars, Dodgeball, race, and hover race be added? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 70.105.128.140 (talk) 19:15, 4 April 2007 (UTC).

Article
--TheSeer (TalkˑContribs) 01:34, 23 November 2007 (UTC)

Description of 'Hit' bug
I'm not sure if anyone else would agree with me on this, but the description of the 'hit' bug is somewhat ... strange. The wording of it makes it seem like the use of UDP packets is completely to blame. This is a bit ridiculous as every single game with internet-based multiplayer uses UDP packets. Mostly because TCP would cause unbearable slowdown because it has to verify every single packet sent whereas with UDP you can just 'fire and forget'. I'm not sure how to go about rewording it yet, but I'll be working on it. Wormdundee (talk) 21:47, 27 July 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Soldat (video game)


text:
DEJ

DEJ may stand for:
 * Dermoepidermal junction, the interface between the dermis and the epidermis inside the skin
 * Dentinoenamel junction, the interface between the dentin and the enamel inside a tooth
 * Deferred entry of judgment, similar or equal to deferred adjudication in court cases

title: DEJ


text:
Hillary Waugh

Hillary Baldwin Waugh (June 22, 1920 – December 8, 2008) was a pioneering American mystery novelist. In 1989, he was named a Grand Master by the Mystery Writers of America. Pseudonyms used by Waugh included Elissa Grandower, Harry Walker and H. Baldwin Taylor.

Career
Hillary Baldwin Waugh was born on June 22, 1920, in New Haven, Connecticut. He graduated in 1942 from Yale University, majoring in art with a music minor. He was an editor of campus humor magazine The Yale Record.

During his senior year at Yale, Waugh enlisted in the United States Navy Air Corps and, after graduation, received his aviator's wings. He served in the Panama Canal Zone for two years, flying various types of aircraft.

While in military service, Waugh turned his hand to creative writing, completing and publishing his first novel Madam Will Not Dine Tonight in 1947. He quickly published two more novels, but they were not very well received. In 1949, as the result of reading a case book on true crime, Waugh decided to explore a realistic crime novel. With the cooperation of his fiancée, who was a student at Smith College, Waugh set his police procedural Last Seen Wearing ... in a fictional women's college. Published in 1952, the book was a significant success and is now considered a pioneering effort exploring relentless police work and attention to detail.

After Last Seen Wearing..., Waugh went on to publish more than thirty-five additional detective novels, many aptly described as "hardboiled".

Personal life and death
Waugh married Diana Taylor 1n 1951 and the couple had three children. They divorced in 1981. Waugh's second marriage, to novelist Shannon O'Cork, also ended in divorce. Waugh died in Torrington, Connecticut, on December 8, 2008.

Series
Sheridan Wesley
 * 1) Madam Will Not Dine Tonight (1947)
 * 2) Hope to Die  (1948)
 * 3) The Odds Run Out (1949)

Fred Fellows

 * 1) Sleep Long, My Love (1959) filmed as Jigsaw (1962)
 * 2) Road Block  (1960)
 * 3) That Night It Rained  (1961)
 * 4) Born Victim  (1962)
 * 5) The Late Mrs. D.  (1962)
 * 6) Death and Circumstance  (1963)
 * 7) Prisoner's Plea   (1963)
 * 8) The Missing Man  (1964)
 * 9) End of a Party  (1965)
 * 10) Pure Poison  (1966)
 * 11) The Con Game  (1968)

Homicide North
 * 1) 30 Manhattan East  (1968)
 * 2) The Young Prey  (1969)
 * 3) Finish Me Off  (1970)

Simon Kaye
 * 1) The Glenna Powers Case  (1980)
 * 2) The Billy Cantrell Case  (1981)
 * 3) The Doria Rafe Case  (1981)
 * 4) The Nerissa Claire Case  (1983)
 * 5) The Veronica Dean Case  (1984)
 * 6) The Priscilla Copperwaite Case  (1986)

Other novels

 * Last Seen Wearing ... (1952)
 * A Rag and a Bone (1954)
 * The Case of the Missing Gardener (1954)
 * Rich Man, Dead Man (1956)
 * The Girl Who Cried Wolf (1958)
 * The Eighth Mrs. Bluebeard (1958)
 * Murder on the Terrace (1961)
 * The Duplicate (1964)
 * Girl on the Run (1965)
 * The Triumvirate (1966)
 * The Trouble with Tycoons (1967)
 * Run When I Say Go (1969)
 * The Shadow Guest (1971)
 * Parrish for the Defense (1974)
 * A Bride for Hampton House (1975)
 * Seaview Manor (1976)
 * The Summer at Raven's Roost (1976)
 * The Secret Room of Morgate House (1977)
 * Madman at My Door (1978)
 * Blackbourne Hall (1979)
 * Rivergate House (1980)
 * Murder on Safari (1987)
 * A Death in a Town (1988)

title: Hillary Waugh


text:
Dentinoenamel junction

The dentinoenamel junction or dentin-enamel junction (DEJ) is the boundary between the enamel and the underlying dentin that form the solid architecture of a tooth.

It is also known as the amelo-dentinal junction, or ADJ.

The dentinoenamel junction is thought to be of a scalloped structure which has occurred as an exaptation of the epithelial folding that is undergone during ontogeny. This scalloped exaptation has then provided stress relief during mastication and a reduction in dentin-enamel sliding and has thus, not been selected against, making it an accidental adaptation.

title: Dentinoenamel junction