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Social Democratic Party (Serbia, 2002)

The Social Democratic Party (Социјалдемократска партија; abbr. СДП, SDP) was a social democratic political party in Serbia.

History
The SDP was founded in April 2002 as a merger between Social Democracy (SD) and the Social Democratic Union (SDU). In the same year, the SDP joined the DOS governing coalition. A year later the SDP withdrew its support of the government resulting in its fall and an early election. Inner-party disagreements resulted in a split in the SDP. A group of members, led by Žarko Korać, left the SDP and re-founded the SDU in 2003.

In the 2003 parliamentary election, the SDP ran in a coalition with the G17 Plus, which received 11.46% of the popular vote and 34 seats, 3 of which went to the SDP. Slobodan Lalović became the Minister of Labour, Employment and Social Policy in the minority government of Vojislav Koštunica. In August 2005 the SDP refused to support the proposed pension and oil industry laws. As a result two of its deputies stopped supporting the government. Ljilja Nestorović and Meho Omerović went into opposition, while the third, Slobodan Lalović kept his post, subsequently withdrawing from the party and becoming an independent deputy.

In 2004, the Democratic Alternative (DA), led by Nebojša Čović, merged into the SDP and assumed leadership over the party.

The SDP competed in the 2007 parliamentary election together with the Party of United Pensioners of Serbia (PUPS). The PUPS-SDP coalition also included the Socialist People's Party. The coalition received 3.11% of the popular vote, thus failing to pass the 5% minimum threshold to enter parliament.

The SDP ceased to exist in January 2010, which resulted in the bitter words between former party leadership members Nebojša Čović and Oliver Ivanović.

title: Social Democratic Party (Serbia, 2002)


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Evolutions Gate

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete (minus sockpuppet votes). Ingoolemo  talk  23:22, 2005 Jun 18 (UTC)

Evolutions Gate
Unnotable "movement". ~30 Google hits. --Xcali 20:58, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - It may be a small religion, but it's still a religion --El Groovy One 16:11, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC) (220.245.178.135 06:12, 2005 Jun 13 according to edit history. Uncle G 11:58, 2005 Jun 13 (UTC))
 * Definite hoax. Compare with Heaven's Gate Cult --Ian Pitchford 08:24, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete - hoax. --Ian Pitchford 21:11, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity if not a hoax of some sort. Sasquatch′↔Talk↔Contributions 23:06, Jun 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * keep good info Chubby Chicken 00:30, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Ah, the Heavy Hen strikes again.. Recently, Chubby Chicken, has done almost nothing but cast "keep" votes on VfD - many for clearly non-notable, even borderline speedy articles. Please keep that grain of information in mind when counting votes. -- BD2412 talk 03:18, 2005 Jun 13 (UTC)
 * keep Interesting has duplicate though mystro 04:30, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC) (203.221.238.254 00:57, 2005 Jun 13 according to edit history. Uncle G 01:41, 2005 Jun 13 (UTC))
 * Delete. Maybe vanity, maybe a hoax, but definitely not notable. -- BD2412 talk 03:18, 2005 Jun 13 (UTC)
 * Delete. Wholly unencyclopedic.  Postdlf 03:30, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * keep good info for pro-evoloutionist Kate 00:30, 14 Jun 2005 (220.245.178.140 05:55, 2005 Jun 13 according to edit history. Uncle G 11:58, 2005 Jun 13 (UTC))
 * Delete - Nonencyclopedic. --FCYTravis 05:56, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Nonsense. Gamaliel 06:02, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete all microfaiths --Doc (?) 09:37, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * keep I think this should stay, Heavens Gate has a wiki so should Evolutions Gate, I have a strong feeling it's only the Christians who want it removed. this is not a Christian encyclopedia but a global onedarwinist 10:30, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Please do not invent motives for other editors. Gamaliel 23:19, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Actually User:61.8.5.174, NOT User:darwinist (who wouldn't be able to vote anyway due to insufficient edits).
 * Comment: Actually, the strange use of terminology, e.g., "darwinist" and "evolutionist" suggests this is a creationist hoax. --Ian Pitchford 10:23, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Either that, or it was written by very young secular humanists. Postdlf 16:23, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * You could be right, though secular humanists probably wouldn't identify with a small self-destructive cult. --Ian Pitchford 19:13, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. Web site an obvious hoax. carmeld1 00:49, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. As noted by Carmeld1, it is an obvious hoax. Quale 21:35, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, non-notable, POV nonsense. --Adun 05:48, Jun 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Berner Zeitung

Berner Zeitung (literally: "Journal of Bern"), also branded as BZ, is a Swiss German-language daily newspaper, published by Tamedia in Bern.

History and profile
Berner Zeitung was first issued on 3 January 1979. Four different papers led to the creation of the also called BZ: The Intelligenzblatt (1834), which was renamed Berner Tagblatt in 1888; The Emmenthaler Nachrichten (1883), the weekly newspaper of Emmenthal (1844) and the Neue Berner Zeitung (1919). When the Emmenthaler Blatt and the Neue Berner Zeitung were merged in 1973, Berner Zeitung was created. This paper merged with the daily news (former Emmenthaler Nachrichten) in 1977 creating the Berner Nachrichten, which was first released on 3 January 1979.

The first editor-in-chief was Peter Schindler who was in charge between 1979 and 1982. His successors were Urs P. Gasche (1982-1985), Ronald Roggen (1985-1986), Beat Hurni (1987-1996) and Andreas Z'Graggen (1996-2005). Between 2006 and 2009 Markus Eisenhut und Michael Hug co-edited the paper until Eisenhut took over another paper called Tages-Anzeiger. Its publisher was Charles von Graffenried until his death on 4 July 2012. The paper is based in Bern and serves in the Espace Mittelland region and in the canton of Bern.

In December 2011, Espace Media announced that they were going to merge the Splitausgabe Oberaargau and the Langenthaler Tagblatt. The first issue of the BZ Langenthaler Tagblatt was published on 2 July 2012. The newspaper also publishes in Thun (Thuner Tagblatt), Bernese Oberland (Berner Oberländer), and  Solothurn (Solothurner Tagblatt).

Circulation
In 1997 Berner Zeitung had a circulation of 134,153 copies. The circulation of the paper was 163,000 copies in 2003. In 2005 its circulation was 196,000 copies. The 2006 circulation of the paper was 215,707 copies. In 2008 it was the third most read newspaper in the country with a circulation of 213,000 copies. The circulation of the paper was 208,694 copies in 2009.

In 2010 Berner Zeitung had a circulation of 181,705 copies. With a daily distribution of 174,162 copies in 2012, the newspaper was one of the largest daily newspapers in Switzerland and the leading newspaper in the Bern Canton.

title: Berner Zeitung


text:
Social Democratic Union (Serbia)

The Social Democratic Union (Социјалдемократска унија; abbr. СДУ, SDU) was a minor social democratic and leftist political party in Serbia. In 2020 Party merged into Party of the Radical Left.

History
The Social Democratic Union was registered on 13 May 1996. It was founded by former members of the Civic Alliance of Serbia, led by Žarko Korać, who opposed forming coalition with the right-wing Serbian Renewal Movement for the 1996 federal election. On 21 April 2002 the SDU merged with Social Democracy (SD) and founded the Social Democratic Party (SDP).

A year later, disenchanted members of the SDP, led by Žarko Korać, left and re-founded the SDU on 29 March 2003. Spokesman of the SDP Ljiljana Nestorović stated that this was due to almost all local councils supporting co-president Slobodan Orlić, former leader of the SD, in the upcoming party congress which was to be held in less than 20 days. In the 2014 election the SDU was again part of the coalition around Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) but the coalition failed to enter the parliament. It gained 3.36% of the votes, and did not reach the threshold of 5%. At the 8th Congress in June 2014, Korać stepped down and Miloš Adamović was elected president.

At the 9th Congress on 15 October 2016, Ivan Zlatić was elected president. In the 2018 Belgrade local election the SDU went as part of the Do not let Belgrade d(r)own electoral list which won 3.44% and failed to pass the electoral threshold. On 12th Congress SDU merged into Party of the Radical Left.

title: Social Democratic Union (Serbia)


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Reed–Muller code

Reed–Muller codes are error-correcting codes that are used in wireless communications applications, particularly in deep-space communication. Moreover, the proposed 5G standard relies on the closely related polar codes for error correction in the control channel. Due to their favorable theoretical and mathematical properties, Reed–Muller codes have also been extensively studied in theoretical computer science.

Reed–Muller codes generalize the Reed–Solomon codes and the Walsh–Hadamard code. Reed–Muller codes are linear block codes that are locally testable, locally decodable, and list decodable. These properties make them particularly useful in the design of probabilistically checkable proofs.

Traditional Reed–Muller codes are binary codes, which means that messages and codewords are binary strings. When r and m are integers with 0 ≤ r ≤ m, the Reed–Muller code with parameters r and m is denoted as RM(r, m). When asked to encode a message consisting of k bits, where $$\textstyle k=\sum_{i=0}^r \binom{m}{i}$$ holds, the RM(r, m) code produces a codeword consisting of 2m bits.

Reed–Muller codes are named after David E. Muller, who discovered the codes in 1954, and Irving S. Reed, who proposed the first efficient decoding algorithm.

Description using low-degree polynomials
Reed–Muller codes can be described in several different (but ultimately equivalent) ways. The description that is based on low-degree polynomials is quite elegant and particularly suited for their application as locally testable codes and locally decodable codes.

Encoder
A block code can have one or more encoding functions $ C:\{0,1\}^k\to\{0,1\}^{n} $ that map messages $ x\in\{0,1\}^k $  to codewords $ C(x)\in\{0,1\}^{n} $. The Reed–Muller code RM(r, m) has message length $$\textstyle k=\sum_{i=0}^r \binom{m}{i}$$ and block length $$\textstyle n=2^m$$. One way to define an encoding for this code is based on the evaluation of multilinear polynomials with m variables and total degree at most r. Every multilinear polynomial over the finite field with two elements can be written as follows: $$p_c(Z_1,\dots,Z_m) = \sum_{\underset{|S|\le r}{S\subseteq\{1,\dots,m\}}} c_S\cdot \prod_{i\in S} Z_i\,.$$ The $ Z_1,\dots,Z_m $ are the variables of the polynomial, and the values $ c_S\in\{0,1\} $  are the coefficients of the polynomial. Note that there are exactly $ k=\sum_{i=0}^r \binom{m}{i}$ coefficients. With this in mind, an input message consists of $ k $ values $ x\in\{0,1\}^k $  which are used as these coefficients. In this way, each message $ x $ gives rise to a unique polynomial $ p_x $  in m variables. To construct the codeword $ C(x) $, the encoder evaluates the polynomial $ p_x $ at all points $ Z=(Z_1,\ldots,Z_n)\in\{0,1\}^m $ , where the polynomial is taken with multiplication and addition mod 2 $(p_x(Z)\bmod 2) \in \{0,1\}$. That is, the encoding function is defined via$$C(x) = \left(p_x(Z)\bmod 2\right)_{Z\in\{0,1\}^m}\,.$$

The fact that the codeword $$C(x)$$ suffices to uniquely reconstruct $$x$$ follows from Lagrange interpolation, which states that the coefficients of a polynomial are uniquely determined when sufficiently many evaluation points are given. Since $$C(0)=0$$ and $$C(x+y)=C(x)+C(y) \bmod 2$$ holds for all messages $$x,y\in\{0,1\}^k$$, the function $$C$$ is a linear map. Thus the Reed–Muller code is a linear code.

Example
For the code RM(2, 4), the parameters are as follows:

$ \begin{align} r&=2\\ m&=4\\ k&=\textstyle\binom{4}{2}+\binom{4}{1}+\binom{4}{0}= 6+4+1=11\\ n&=2^m=16\\ \end{align} $

Let $ C:\{0,1\}^{11}\to\{0,1\}^{16} $ be the encoding function just defined. To encode the string x = 1 1010 010101 of length 11, the encoder first constructs the polynomial $ p_x $ in 4 variables:$$\begin{align} p_x(Z_1,Z_2,Z_3,Z_4) &= 1 + (1\cdot Z_1 + 0\cdot Z_2 + 1\cdot Z_3 + 0\cdot Z_4) + (0\cdot Z_1 Z_2 + 1\cdot Z_1Z_3 + 0\cdot Z_1Z_4 + 1\cdot Z_2Z_3 + 0\cdot Z_2Z_4+ 1\cdot Z_3Z_4)\\ &=1+Z_1+Z_3+Z_1Z_3+Z_2Z_3+Z_3Z_4 \end{align}$$Then it evaluates this polynomial at all 16 evaluation points (0101 means $$Z_1=0, Z_2=1, Z_3=0, Z_4=1)$$: $$ p_x(0000)= 1,\; p_x(0001)= 1,\; p_x(0010)= 0,\; p_x(0011)= 1,\;$$

$$ p_x(0100)= 1,\; p_x(0101)= 1,\; p_x(0110)= 1,\; p_x(0111)= 0,\;$$

$$ p_x(1000)= 0,\; p_x(1001)= 0,\; p_x(1010)= 0,\; p_x(1011)= 1,\;$$

$$ p_x(1100)= 0,\; p_x(1101)= 0,\; p_x(1110)= 1,\; p_x(1111)= 0\,.$$As a result, C(1 1010 010101) = 1101 1110 0001 0010 holds.

Decoder
As was already mentioned, Lagrange interpolation can be used to efficiently retrieve the message from a codeword. However, a decoder needs to work even if the codeword has been corrupted in a few positions, that is, when the received word is different from any codeword. In this case, a local decoding procedure can help.

The algorithm from Reed is based on the following property: you start from the code word, that is a sequence of evaluation points from an unknown polynomial $ p_x $ of $ {\mathbb F}_2[X_1,X_2,...,X_m] $  of degree at most $ r $  that you want to find. The sequence may contains any number of errors up to $ 2^{m-r-1}-1 $ included.

If you consider a monomial $ \mu $ of the highest degree $ d $  in $ p_x $  and sum all the evaluation points of the polynomial where all variables in $ \mu $  have the values 0 or 1, and all the other variables have value 0, you get the value of the coefficient (0 or 1) of $ \mu $  in $ p_x $  (There are $ 2^d $  such points). This is due to the fact that all lower monomial divisors of $ \mu $ appears an even number of time in the sum, and only $ \mu $  appears once.

To take into account the possibility of errors, you can also remark that you can fix the value of other variables to any value. So instead of doing the sum only once for other variables not in $ \mu $ with 0 value, you do it $ 2^{m-d} $  times for each fixed valuations of the other variables. If there is no error, all those sums should be equals to the value of the coefficient searched. The algorithm consists here to take the majority of the answers as the value searched. If the minority is larger than the maximum number of errors possible, the decoding step fails knowing there are too many errors in the input code.

Once a coefficient is computed, if it's 1, update the code to remove the monomial $ \mu $ from the input code and continue to next monomial, in reverse order of their degree.

Example
Let's consider the previous example and start from the code. With $ r=2, m=4 $ we can fix at most 1 error in the code. Consider the input code as 1101 1110 0001 0110 (this is the previous code with one error).

We know the degree of the polynomial $ p_x $ is at most $ r=2 $, we start by searching for monomial of degree 2.

The four sums don't agree (so we know there is an error), but the minority report is not larger than the maximum number of error allowed (1), so we take the majority and the coefficient of $ \mu $ is 1.
 * $ \mu=X_3X_4 $
 * we start by looking for evaluation points with $ X_1=0, X_2=0, X_3\in\{0,1\}, X_4\in\{0,1\}$ . In the code this is: 1101 1110 0001 0110. The first sum is 1 (odd number of 1).
 * we look for evaluation points with $ X_1=0, X_2=1, X_3\in\{0,1\}, X_4\in\{0,1\}$ . In the code this is: 1101 1110 0001 0110. The second sum is 1.
 * we look for evaluation points with $ X_1=1, X_2=0, X_3\in\{0,1\}, X_4\in\{0,1\}$ . In the code this is: 1101 1110 0001 0110. The third sum is 1.
 * we look for evaluation points with $ X_1=1, X_2=1, X_3\in\{0,1\}, X_4\in\{0,1\}$ . In the code this is: 1101 1110 0001 0110 . The third sum is 0 (even number of 1).

We remove $ \mu $ from the code before continue : code : 1101 1110 0001 0110, valuation of $ \mu $  is 0001000100010001, the new code is 1100 1111 0000 0111

One error detected, coefficient is 0, no change to current code. One error detected, coefficient is 0, no change to current code. One error detected, coefficient is 1, valuation of $ \mu $ is 0000 0011 0000 0011, current code is now 1100 1100 0000 0100.
 * $ \mu=X_2X_4 $
 * 11 00 11 11 0000 0111. Sum is 0
 * 11 00 11 11 0000 0111. Sum is 0
 * 1100 1111 00 00 01 11. Sum is 1
 * 1100 1111 00 00 01 11 . Sum is 0
 * $ \mu=X_1X_4 $
 * 11 00 1111 00 00 0111. Sum is 0
 * 11 00 1111 00 00 0111. Sum is 0
 * 1100 11 11 0000 01 11. Sum is 1
 * 1100 11 11 0000 01 11 . Sum is 0
 * $ \mu=X_2X_3 $
 * 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0000 0111. Sum is 1
 * 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0000 0111. Sum is 1
 * 1100 1111 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1. Sum is 1
 * 1100 1111 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 . Sum is 0

One error detected, coefficient is 1, valuation of $ \mu $ is 0000 0000 0011 0011, current code is now 1100 1100 0011 0111. One error detected, coefficient is 0, no change to current code. We know now all coefficient of degree 2 for the polynomial, we can start mononials of degree 1. Notice that for each next degree, there are twice as much sums, and each sums is half smaller. One error detected, coefficient is 0, no change to current code. One error detected, coefficient is 1, valuation of $ \mu $ is 0011 0011 0011 0011, current code is now 1111 1111 0000 0100.
 * $ \mu=X_1X_3 $
 * 1 1 0 0 1100 0 0 0 0 0100. Sum is 1
 * 1 1 0 0 1100 0 0 0 0 0100. Sum is 1
 * 1100 1 1 0 0 0000 0 1 0 0. Sum is 1
 * 1100 1 1 0 0 0000 0 1 0 0 . Sum is 0
 * $ \mu=X_1X_2$
 * 1 100 1 100 0 011 0 111. Sum is 0
 * 1 1 00 1 1 00 0 0 11 0 1 11. Sum is 1
 * 11 0 0 11 0 0 00 1 1 01 1 1. Sum is 0
 * 110 0 110 0 001 1 011 1 . Sum is 0
 * $ \mu=X_4 $
 * 11 00 1100 0011 0111. Sum is 0
 * 11 00 1100 0011 0111. Sum is 0
 * 1100 11 00 0011 0111. Sum is 0
 * 1100 11 00 0011 0111. Sum is 0
 * 1100 1100 00 11 0111. Sum is 0
 * 1100 1100 00 11 0111. Sum is 0
 * 1100 1100 0011 01 11. Sum is 1
 * 1100 1100 0011 01 11 . Sum is 0
 * $ \mu=X_3 $
 * 1 1 0 0 1100 0011 0111. Sum is 1
 * 1 1 0 0 1100 0011 0111. Sum is 1
 * 1100 1 1 0 0 0011 0111. Sum is 1
 * 1100 1 1 0 0 0011 0111. Sum is 1
 * 1100 1100 0 0 1 1 0111. Sum is 1
 * 1100 1100 0 0 1 1 0111. Sum is 1
 * 1100 1100 0011 0 1 1 1. Sum is 1
 * 1100 1100 0011 0 1 1 1 . Sum is 0

Then we'll find 0 for $ \mu=X_2 $, 1 for $ \mu=X_1 $ and the current code become 1111 1111 1111 1011.

For the degree 0, we have 16 sums of only 1 bit. The minority is still of size 1, and we found $ p_x=1+X_1+X_3+X_1X_3+X_2X_3+X_3X_4$ and the corresponding initial word 1 1010 010101

Generalization to larger alphabets via low-degree polynomials
Using low-degree polynomials over a finite field $$\mathbb F$$ of size $$q$$, it is possible to extend the definition of Reed–Muller codes to alphabets of size $$q$$. Let $$m$$ and $$d$$ be positive integers, where $$m$$ should be thought of as larger than $$d$$. To encode a message $x\in\mathbb F^k$ of width $$k=\textstyle\binom{m+d}{m}$$, the message is again interpreted as an $$m$$-variate polynomial $$p_x$$ of total degree at most $$d$$ and with coefficient from $$\mathbb F$$. Such a polynomial indeed has $$\textstyle\binom{m+d}{m}$$ coefficients. The Reed–Muller encoding of $$x$$ is the list of all evaluations of $$p_x(a)$$ over all $$a\in\mathbb F^m$$. Thus the block length is $$n=q^m$$.

Description using a generator matrix
A generator matrix for a Reed–Muller code RM(r, m) of length N = 2m can be constructed as follows. Let us write the set of all m-dimensional binary vectors as:

 * $$ X = \mathbb{F}_2^m = \{ x_1, \ldots, x_{N} \}. $$

We define in N-dimensional space $$\mathbb{F}_2^N$$ the indicator vectors

 * $$\mathbb{I}_A \in \mathbb{F}_2^N$$

on subsets $$ A \subset X $$ by:

 * $$\left( \mathbb{I}_A \right)_i = \begin{cases} 1 & \mbox{ if } x_i \in A \\ 0 & \mbox{ otherwise} \\ \end{cases} $$

together with, also in $$\mathbb{F}_2^N$$, the binary operation

 * $$ w \wedge z = (w_1 \cdot z_1, \ldots, w_N \cdot z_N ), $$

referred to as the wedge product (not to be confused with the wedge product defined in exterior algebra). Here, $$w=(w_1,w_2,\ldots,w_N)$$ and $$z=(z_1,z_2,\ldots, z_N)$$ are points in $$\mathbb{F}_2^N$$ (N-dimensional binary vectors), and the operation $$\cdot$$ is the usual multiplication in the field $$\mathbb{F}_2$$.

$$\mathbb{F}_2^m$$ is an m-dimensional vector space over the field $$\mathbb{F}_2$$, so it is possible to write

$$(\mathbb{F}_2)^m = \{ (y_m, \ldots, y_1) \mid y_i \in \mathbb{F}_2 \} .$$

We define in N-dimensional space $$\mathbb{F}_2^N$$ the following vectors with length $$ N: v_0 = (1,1,\ldots,1) $$ and

 * $$ v_i = \mathbb{I}_{ H_i } ,$$

where 1 ≤ i ≤ m and the Hi are hyperplanes in $$(\mathbb{F}_2)^m$$ (with dimension m − 1):

 * $$H_i = \{ y \in ( \mathbb{F}_2 ) ^m \mid y_i = 0 \} .$$

The generator matrix
The Reed–Muller RM(r, m) code of order r and length N = 2m is the code generated by v0 and the wedge products of up to r of the vi, 1 ≤ i ≤ m (where by convention a wedge product of fewer than one vector is the identity for the operation). In other words, we can build a generator matrix for the RM(r, m) code, using vectors and their wedge product permutations up to r at a time $${v_0, v_1, \ldots, v_n, \ldots, (v_{i_1} \wedge v_{i_2}), \ldots (v_{i_1} \wedge v_{i_2} \ldots \wedge v_{i_r})}$$, as the rows of the generator matrix, where 1 ≤ ik ≤ m.

Example 1
Let m = 3. Then N = 8, and

 * $$ X = \mathbb{F}_2^3 = \{ (0,0,0), (0,0,1), (0,1,0) \ldots, (1,1,1) \}, $$

and

\begin{align} v_0 & = (1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1) \\[2pt] v_1 & = (1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0) \\[2pt] v_2 & = (1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0) \\[2pt] v_3 & = (1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0). \end{align} $$

The RM(1,3) code is generated by the set

 * $$ \{ v_0, v_1, v_2, v_3 \},\, $$

or more explicitly by the rows of the matrix:

\begin{pmatrix} 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\ 1 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 1 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \end{pmatrix} $$

Example 2
The RM(2,3) code is generated by the set:
 * $$ \{ v_0, v_1, v_2, v_3, v_1 \wedge v_2, v_1 \wedge v_3, v_2 \wedge v_3 \} $$

or more explicitly by the rows of the matrix:

\begin{pmatrix} 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\ 1 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 1 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 1 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 1 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ \end{pmatrix} $$

Properties
The following properties hold:

 * 1) The set of all possible wedge products of up to m of the vi form a basis for $$\mathbb{F}_2^N$$.
 * 2) The RM (r, m) code has rank
 * $$ \sum_{s=0}^r {m \choose s}. $$
 * 1) $RM (r, m) = RM (r, m − 1) | RM (r − 1, m − 1)$ where '|' denotes the bar product of two codes.
 * 2) $RM (r, m)$ has minimum Hamming weight 2m − r.

Proof
1. There are

 * $ \sum_{s=0}^m { m \choose s } = 2^m = N $

such vectors and $\mathbb{F}_2^N$ have dimension N so it is sufficient to check that the N vectors span; equivalently it is sufficient to check that $\mathrm{RM}(m, m) = \mathbb{F}_2^N$.

Let x be a binary vector of length m, an element of X. Let (x)i denote the ith element of x. Define

 * $y_i = \begin{cases} v_i & \text{ if } (x)_i = 0 \\ v_0+v_i & \text{ if } (x)_i = 1 \\ \end{cases} $

where 1 ≤ i ≤m.

Then $\mathbb{I}_{ \{ x \} } = y_1 \wedge \cdots \wedge y_m $

Expansion via the distributivity of the wedge product gives $ \mathbb{I}_{ \{ x \} } \in \mathrm{RM}(m,m) $. Then since the vectors $\{ \mathbb{I}_{ \{ x \} } \mid x \in X \} $ span $\mathbb{F}_2^N$ we have $\mathrm{RM}(m,n)=\mathbb{F}_2^N$.

2. By 1, all such wedge products must be linearly independent, so the rank of RM(r, m) must simply be the number of such vectors.

3. Omitted.

Decoding RM codes
RM(r, m) codes can be decoded using majority logic decoding. The basic idea of majority logic decoding is to build several checksums for each received code word element. Since each of the different checksums must all have the same value (i.e. the value of the message word element weight), we can use a majority logic decoding to decipher the value of the message word element. Once each order of the polynomial is decoded, the received word is modified accordingly by removing the corresponding codewords weighted by the decoded message contributions, up to the present stage. So for a rth order RM code, we have to decode iteratively r+1, times before we arrive at the final received code-word. Also, the values of the message bits are calculated through this scheme; finally we can calculate the codeword by multiplying the message word (just decoded) with the generator matrix.

One clue if the decoding succeeded, is to have an all-zero modified received word, at the end of (r + 1)-stage decoding through the majority logic decoding. This technique was proposed by Irving S. Reed, and is more general when applied to other finite geometry codes.

Description using a recursive construction
A Reed–Muller code RM(r,m) exists for any integers $$m \ge 0$$ and $$0 \le r \le m$$. RM(m, m) is defined as the universe ($$2^m,2^m,1$$) code. RM(−1,m) is defined as the trivial code ($$2^m,0,\infty$$). The remaining RM codes may be constructed from these elementary codes using the length-doubling construction

 * $$\mathrm{RM}(r,m) = \{(\mathbf{u},\mathbf{u}+\mathbf{v})\mid\mathbf{u} \in \mathrm{RM}(r,m-1),\mathbf{v} \in \mathrm{RM}(r-1,m-1)\}.$$

From this construction, RM(r,m) is a binary linear block code (n, k, d) with length $RM(0, m)$, dimension $$k(r,m)=k(r,m-1)+k(r-1,m-1)$$ and minimum distance $$d = 2^{m-r}$$ for $$r \ge 0$$. The dual code to RM(r,m) is RM(m-r-1,m). This shows that repetition and SPC codes are duals, biorthogonal and extended Hamming codes are duals and that codes with $N =2^{m}$ are self-dual.

Table of all RM(r,m) codes for m≤5
All $RM(r,m − 1)$ codes with $$0\le m\le 5$$ and alphabet size 2 are displayed here, annotated with the standard [n,k,d] coding theory notation for block codes. The code $2^{m−1−r}$ is a $$\textstyle [2^m,k,2^{m-r}]_2$$-code, that is, it is a linear code over a binary alphabet, has block length $$\textstyle 2^m$$, message length (or dimension) $k$, and minimum distance $$\textstyle 2^{m-r}$$.

Properties of RM(r,m) codes for r≤1 or r≥m-1

 * $RM(r − 1,m − 1)$ codes are repetition codes of length $2^{m−1−(r−1)} = 2^{m−r}$, rate $${R=\tfrac{1}{N}}$$ and minimum distance $$d_\min = N$$.
 * $n = 2^{m}$ codes are parity check codes of length $k = n/2$, rate $$R=\tfrac{m+1}{N}$$ and minimum distance $$d_\min = \tfrac{N}{2}$$.
 * $RM(r, m)$ codes are single parity check codes of length $RM(r, m)$, rate $$R=\tfrac{N-1}{N}$$ and minimum distance $$d_\min = 2$$.
 * $RM(m,m)$ codes are the family of extended Hamming codes of length $2^{m}$ with minimum distance $$d_\min = 4$$.

title: Reed–Muller code


text:
Detchanam

Detchanam literally means south or the land of south though in greater sense it includes the land south of Kailash. In Akilattirattu Ammanai the word Detchanam directly represents the land of South India with Swamithoppe as its centre, and including a vast area of land, southeast of Kanyakumari.

title: Detchanam


text:
Talk:Buffalo Central Terminal

.

Opening comment
I beleive it's called Buffalo Central Terminal, not station

Which Buffalo in the US is this referring to?! UkPaolo 21:02, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Buffalo, NY

It opened as "New York Central Terminal" which is what is on the canopies over the entrances. We now refer to the building as the Buffalo Central Terminal.--Derek J. Punaro 14:25, 2 June 2006 (UTC)

Puzzling sentence
Can someone explain what this sentence means?

When the New York Central operated the 20th Century Limited, trains in opposite directions met at Central Station without stopping.

It sounds like they ran into each other. --Jfruh 21:13, 26 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Through rapid track switching, trains could run right through the terminal from opposing direction on the same line without stopping. This however, does need a citation though. Paranormal Skeptic (talk) 15:13, 29 September 2008 (UTC)

Toronto, Hamilton and Buffalo Railway?
The article says that this railway served this station but the Toronto, Hamilton and Buffalo Railway article says that it never actually ended up serving Buffalo. Who's right? --Jfruh (talk) 03:30, 2 June 2006 (UTC)
 * The wikipedia article on the TH&B contradicts several reliable sources that say otherwise. Please see the discussion at Talk:Toronto, Hamilton and Buffalo Railway for further details. (Note that many people interpret the guidelines at WP:RS to imply that a wikipedia article should not be used as a source for claims made in another wikipedia article.) 69.115.42.244 (talk) 16:53, 11 March 2012 (UTC)
 * Within the Toronto, Hamilton and Buffalo Railway article appears the statement "It never built into Toronto or Buffalo, but used its parent companies' trackage to reach the two cities.". I think the lead of that other article is quite misleading. 69.115.42.244 (talk) 16:59, 11 March 2012 (UTC)

Central Terminal Concourse ?
I don't understand this revert. I used from Commons. Any explanation ? DocteurCosmos (talk) 12:56, 29 September 2008 (UTC)
 * I don't understand it either. That is in fact a concourse that leads to the Amtrak Owned Boarding Platform.  I took the pic myself, I know that's what it is. Paranormal Skeptic (talk) 15:12, 29 September 2008 (UTC)

It's not the passenger concourse - it's the city-owned two story mail building. I've been a volunteer for years and confirmed your photo with the CTRC secretary. Further, when we refer to "the concourse" it generally means the main concourse, not the passenger concourse, which is disconnected from the main building. Derek J. Punaro (talk) 03:35, 14 November 2008 (UTC)

 * Ok, I have to ask, who is "we"? Most people I know who know the building refer to all of the concourses as concourse.  Maybe just change the Caption then to A Concourse?  There are several concourses in the facility, the main, and two others that are in disrepair.  This concourse in question leads to the Amtrak Owned (But unused) Boarding platform, as per me walking down the length of the building, and researching the uses of the various buildings in the past. Paranormal Skeptic (talk)

Removed stuff
I removed the following from the references, but I'm sure it's still good stuff to use.

 * http://www.buffalocentralterminal.org/ Central Terminal Restoration Corporation
 * J. Henry Priebe Jr., http://www.railfan.net/lists/rshsdepot-digest/200304/msg00030.html Re: (rshsdepot) Buffalo, NY
 * http://www.skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=1893 Central Terminal
 * http://central.terminal.railfan.net/ Buffalo Central Terminal from 1929 to the Present

Those links should not have been removed. They are relevant. Vol2017 (talk) 03:44, 5 June 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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The second link should not have been deleted. It is still relevant information. Vol2017 (talk) 03:49, 5 June 2017 (UTC)

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Dyngus Day 2018
I would like to see some info about this. I was impressed by how well this event went. Saw very little in the local media about it.`1archie99 (talk) 20:30, 15 April 2018 (UTC)

1archie99 (talk) 20:30, 15 April 2018 (UTC)

Dyngus Day 2019
In my opinion this ceiebration was the exact opposite of the 2018. No chairs at all. Only small standup tables. Instead of a well known polka band a rock band was provided. I had to ask for a chair. After listening with my chair positioned far away from the band because the volume was so loud I left very unsatisfied. I had wasted my money on the tickets I bought. 1archie99 (talk) 17:22, 8 November 2019 (UTC)

Fire 3/21/2023
BUFFALO, N.Y. (WIVB) — Buffalo firefighters are responding to a major fire near Buffalo Central Terminal.

Crews were on scene at the blaze at approximately 10:05 p.m.

A News 4 photographer was able to get to Milburn Street near Broadway. The surrounding area has been blocked off. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.1.72.116 (talk) 05:32, 21 March 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Buffalo Central Terminal


text:
File:Nimdac.JPG

This is a copyrighted and/or trademarked logo. It is believed that logos may be exhibited on Wikipedia under the fair use provision of United States copyright law. Use of the logo here does not imply endorsement of the organization by Wikipedia or the Wikimedia Foundation, nor does it imply endorsement of Wikipedia or the Wikimedia Foundation by the organization. See Wikipedia:Logos and Wikipedia:Copyrights.

title: File:Nimdac.JPG


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Clayton Keech

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Golbez 06:36, Jun 18, 2005 (UTC)

Clayton Keech
A person who never entered a tourney. 6 Google hits which don't seem to be related. --Xcali 21:03, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete Not notable, rubbish. Leithp 21:38, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, no evidence of notability. -- Infrogmation 03:45, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Like having an article about someone who almost wrote a book.  Postdlf 03:46, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete notability not established. JamesBurns 04:55, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
File:Acephale1.gif

André Masson’s cover for the first issue of Acéphale. (1936)

http://www.missouri.edu/~engjnc/bataille/conjuration.html

Fair use rationale:
 * 1) No free equivalent is available. Its inclusion in the article(s) adds significantly to the article(s) because it shows the subject, or the work of the subject, of the article(s).
 * 2) This image is not used on wikipedia in a manner that is likely to replace the original market role of the original copyrighted media. The image is a low resolution copy of the original work and would be unlikely to impact sales of prints or be usable as a desktop backdrop.
 * 3) This image is used minimally on wikipedia
 * 4) This image is published at http://www.missouri.edu/~engjnc/bataille/conjuration.html
 * 5) This image meets general Wikipedia content requirements and is encyclopedic
 * 6) This image meets Wikipedia's media-specific policy.
 * 7) This image is used in at least one article - Acéphale
 * 8) The presence of this image significantly increases readers' understanding of the topic, and its omission would be detrimental to that understanding.
 * 9) This image is used only in the article namespace.
 * 10) This is a historically significant work that could not be conveyed in words.
 * 11) Inclusion is for information, education and analysis only.

title: File:Acephale1.gif


text:
User talk:Nohat/archive 2005-06-12

This content was archived from User talk:Nohat on 6 June 2005.

AIM name?
Hello, I'm Jordan; you remember me as the one who offered some controversial suggestions to the International Phonetic Alphabet for English and "cot-caught" merger articles. I was wondering if you had an AIM screen name so we could continue our linguistic conversations.

 * See Instant Messaging Wikipedians. Also, please feel free to create an account. You can read about why that's a good idea at why create an account?. Nohat 05:13, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Cornell lowest ranked school
You should be aware of this discussion:

USF seal
Thanks for fixing that picture for me! The seal was atop a building and I was at ground level; I'm afraid I didn't know how to fix it myself. Again, thank you. Mike H 08:18, Feb 28, 2005 (UTC)

Corrected perspective
Thanks for correcting the perspective on architectural images. I'm not the only one who appreciates it, though I might be the only one to tip you a note! --Wetman 09:23, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks! It's kind of fun, although I wish I had higher-resolution photos to work with. If you can point me to other photos that need it, I'll be glad to oblige, eventually. Nohat 09:27, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Wikipedia Logo
You actually made the Wikipedia logo?! That's so cool! Great Job! What program did you use to make it?

- mathwizxp

Syntactic saturation
Hi, Nohat! I understand from your profile that you are interested in linguistics. "Syntactic saturation" is a long-time article request that seems to be unfillable. I can't find anything useful about it on Google, otherwise I'd write a stub myself; I would greatly appreciate it if you or any of the other linguists on Wikipedia might be able to help. -- The Anome 10:50, Mar 8, 2005 (UTC)

California English
When I added the link to California English, the article existed! It doesn't anymore; it must have been speedily deleted. But why? It was actually a pretty good article, I thought. Do you have any idea what happened? --Angr 08:20, 20 Mar 2005 (UTC)

See Votes for deletion/Californian Accent. RickK 08:31, Mar 20, 2005 (UTC)

 * If underlined links are annoying you, you can click preferences at the top of the page, then click "Misc settings", and then uncheck the box marked "underline links". --Angr 19:07, 20 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Typeface for the Arabic logo
Ahlan Nohat:

Elian referred me to you as I was enquiring about the name of the typeface used in creating the Arabic version of the logo. I originally wanted to create some banners and buttons, and now I'm interested in designing a leaflet and a high resolution version of the Arabic logo. Also, before I downloaded your high resolution Photoshop version, I had wondered if there is a vector format version of the globe.

I was also reading about the history of I must say that I prefer the current one to all the previous phases. --Alif 19:02, 20 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * I appreciate your reply.
 * I can see that the version currently in Wikipedia is different than the one :currently in use. Do you have any idea when did this happen or why?
 * Is the font file usable on Windows systems? Is it possible/legal for you to give me a copy of it?
 * Any other suggestions regarding this issue would be great.
 * And, regarding a scalable format, recently Adobe have incorporated 3D capabilities in Illustrator. I have no clue what/if it is useful for this case. --Alif 00:04, 21 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Vowel sound samples
I noticed you uploaded sound samples for the vowel articles, but it appears that the sounds for Close-mid central unrounded vowel ([[Media:Vow-011a.wav]]) and Open-mid central rounded vowel ([[Media:Vow-019a.wav]]) are missing. Could you either upload these sounds or provide a link to where you got them? I need all the samples because I plan to add plots of their power spectral densities to the respective vowels articles (to see the different formants). CyborgTosser (Only half the battle) 01:55, 23 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Swedish speakers
At RfC I listed: I guess this is a field where you can weight in as a moderating force.
 * Talk:Rikssvenska, Talk:Swedish language, Talk:Swedish phonology, Talk:Voiceless dorso-palatal velar fricative, and most probably soon in more related articles, souring relations between contributors with conflicting attitudes and personalities (likely related, among other things, to the status of Finland-Swedish and the Mandatory Swedish education in Finland)

Regards! --Johan Magnus 09:59, 26 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Dr Zen enforcement / stricken portions
Thanks for removing those - I was going to do so when putting that there, but must've forgotten to do so. -- Grunt 🇪🇺 00:50, 2005 Mar 27 (UTC)

Sandbox
I saw you clean out the Sandbox... would you prefer the Sandbot to clean the sandbox more often or less often? -- AllyUnion (talk) 09:16, 27 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Macedonian Wikipedia
I have seen that you have posted on some discussions on the macedonian wikipedia ( www.mk.wikipedia.org ) regarding the logo of the macedonian wikipedia. Are you somehow involved in the making of the national logos? Because there is a little mistake with our wikipedia logo (Vikipedija: Slobodnata Encikopedija - Википедија - Слободната Енциклопедија)... although it is gramatically correct, it is unusual to use the -ta article in macedonian(it has a somewhat a bulgarian spirit in when it's put in that way)... so could you please change the picture and replace it with Vikipedija: Slobodna Enciklopedija (Википедија: Слободна Енциклопедија)... without 'TA'... our logo should be exactly as the Serbian one... although our languages differ much. However if you're not in the logo business, could you please instruct me how it is possible to change it? :) thank you for reading.

Syllabification
Thanks for catching the misuse. You're right about that. Poor attempt at irony, I guess.

Nice SPUI diagram
Thanks for making the diagram - looks good. --SPUI (talk) 10:00, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Zurich
Zürich has been nominated on Requested moves for a page move to Zurich. Perhapse you might like to express your opinion about this proposed move on talk:Zürich. Philip Baird Shearer 09:53, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Pronunciation files
Hey. I've been checking out the sound files you've provided for various sounds. Are all of them by Ladefoged? There's also a reference to UCLA in the image files, but I don't quite see the meaning. Is it a URL? It would be nice to get some files of higher quality for some of the fricatives. Are there any more files like this available? Peter Isotalo 18:40, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC)

 * I replaced one of Ladefoged's recordings with one of my own at uvular trill. Hope you don't mind, but you can see my motivation on the talk page. I also recorded a few ejective consonants.

 * As for the sound files. A lot of the fricatives like voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative and voiceless palatal fricative are hard to tell apart. The velar fricatives are even more difficult to discern from one another, even in the cases where I'm actually familiar with the sounds. There's also the problem of the copyright, since I would like to start building a proper collection of pronunciation files at Commons, and I assume there would be a problem uploading the UCLA-files there with the current copyright.

 * Would you mind if I made recordings of the sounds that I do feel I can pronounce properly to replace those of Ladefoged's that are of very low quality? Peter Isotalo 21:14, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC)

 * Absolutely it would be better to have recordings that are GFDL than the somewhat ambiguous situation with the Ladefoged recordings. The benefit of the Ladefoged recordings is that there were recorded in a proper studio, so the noise floor of the recordings is very low (although the resolution is admittedly somewhat poor). If you add your own recordings, I hope you will understand if I am hesitant to replace the Ladefoged recordings if they are very noisy or otherwise amateurish. On the other hand, if you have access to a recording studio, then I'd be thrilled to replace those sounds. Nohat 21:51, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, what do you think of these?
 * Peter Isotalo 22:14, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Peter Isotalo 22:14, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Peter Isotalo 22:14, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Peter Isotalo 22:14, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC)

 * Sound pretty good to me. :-) Nohat 22:20, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Ok, I replaced a bunch of files, mostly fricatives. Just check my contributions if you want to check out the sound quality. I don't have that much experience of recording sounds myself and my equipment is rather modest. I also posted a suggestion to start improving the phonetics articles. Have a look at the talk page if you're interested. Peter Isotalo 17:04, Apr 15, 2005 (UTC)

Vowel charts
Hello! If my information is correct you drew these two diagrams:

[[Media:The International Phonetic Alphabet (2015 version) (cropped) (only vowels).svg]]

[[Media:Dutch-monophthongs.png]]

The axes on the IPA diagram are clearly labeled: front-back, close-open, with roundedness in place (not given an axis).

The axes on the second diagram are not mentioned. Noting the dissimilarities between the diagrams I can't help but wonder what's on the axes. What does the location of a vowel in this diagram mean? As a native speaker of Dutch I could maybe guess, but someone else might try to use the IPA chart as a reference and find them incompatible...

I hope you can enlighten me on this. Cordially yours, Shinobu 01:03, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I drew that diagram based on a similar diagram which appears in The Handbook of the International Phonetic Association. The slighty variant location of the vowel sounds represents the fact that the actual position of the tongue and the resultant formants in the produced vowel vary slightly from the "standard" positions as described by the International Phonetic Alphabet. For example the Dutch [y] sound (as in fuut) is significantly more centralized than the Dutch [i] sound (as in biet). In fact, the IPA symbol [ʉ] is probably a more accurate transcription of the sound. However, [y] is used for phonological reasons—in the sound system of Dutch, it works in a way that is parallel to [i]— in particular there is not a 3-way contrast in backness in Dutch, so there is no reason to posit that the vowel of fuut is both rounded and centralized, as rounded is sufficient to describe the phonology of the vowel. I hope this explains it. Feel free to ask me if any of this is unclear, as it very may be, considering I've just had a couple glasses of wine :-). Nohat 03:47, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Okay, that makes sense. If Dutch "uu" resembles more IPA [ʉ] than IPA [y] then I think that should be symbol used, but that's only my personal opinion I guess. It would be less confusing, though. Also it might still be nice to "put something on the axes" so to speak. Maybe some mention of all this could be made in the text. I'll think about it some more time. (And give my coffee some time.) It would be nice if the vowels were somehow hyperlinked to pronunciations as sound files. Shinobu 13:37, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * The vowel /o/ (in Dutch orthography usually spelled oo in closed syllable, o in open one) is missing from the chart. It occurs in Dutch in contrast with (spelled o, always in closed syllable, often before doubled consonant). You can find an example in the table in the article. The IPA manual shows it in the diagram as start of a diphthong, but in the example text there you can see it occurring as a pure vowel. −Woodstone 19:13, 2005 Apr 14 (UTC)

 * The diagrams were drawn based on one from The Handbook of the International Phonetic Association, which says that the Dutch /o/ phoneme is actually realized as a narrow closing diphthong. This is supported by Geert Booij's authoritative The Phonology of Dutch, as well as most other phonetic analyses of Dutch. Nohat 20:04, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * The IPA manual shows the /o/ used in English, which has in effect a much bigger glide than the Dutch one. The German /o/ is shown as well, wich is quite similar to the Dutch one. The example text in the IPA manual shows all occurring /o/ as not as /ou/ or . I'm afraid the handbook is not consistent. But no matter, I just saw the diphthongs are shown in additional chart in the Dutch language article. −Woodstone 20:53, 2005 Apr 14 (UTC)

A lot of Dutch hardly "glide" the /o/, if at all, especially when speaking fast. To me personally "gliding" the /o/ sounds like a city-dialect in most cases.

I've listened to the sound files on the pages for, and. Unfortunately the examples for don't seem to contain the same sound... the first sound sample sounds kind of like a dark  ("hoed"), the Swedish sample starts out with something very similar to an  ("hut"), but lighter, a bit like an  ("fuut") even and slightly diphtongized. (Examples in Dutch.)

My apologies for flooding your talk page with strange questions. I hope you can answer them. Regards, Shinobu 22:50, 4 May 2005 (UTC)

Tkorrovi vs Paul Beardsell
User Chinasaur moved comments from Wikipedia talk:Requests for arbitration/Tkorrovi vs. Paul Beardsell, remaining his there and moving mine , just after I put a link on an evidence page to that page  because it contains important information. Also, he moved a question about his nationality to my talk page . I understand the reason, but I demand for me an equal right, to remove mentioning my nationality against my will by Matthew Stannard from that page (unfortunately cannot provide diff, as the commentary was moved that after).Tkorrovi 02:54, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Bot
I am trying to complete Ranks and Insignia of NATO. As you can see airforce and navy are basicaly untouched. I have the images but lack the patience to upload them (as we are talking about 500-700+ images). I was wondering if a bot could be usefull. --Cool Cat My Talk 15:35, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

IPA consonants for Thai
Hi Nohat. I typed the IPA consonant table for Thai. You might have a look in Thai language. I am wondering about [w], which appears in the IPA handbook in the Thai section as a velar approximant, whereas in the general tables it is set apart as a voiced labial-velar approximant. Any idea why that could be? The Thai /w/ does not seem much different from the English one to me (perhaps slightly more affricated). −Woodstone 22:03, 2005 Apr 17 (UTC)

 * It probably has to do with roundedness. If Thai [w] is not rounded, or not very rounded, or its roundedness is not relevant to Thai phonology, it may make sense to group it as a pure velar. As for why they would use the symbol w instead of the normal velar approximant symbol, it may just be the principle of using normal Roman letters where possible. I don't have the handbook in front of me, so I can't see for myself at the moment. That's my guess. Nohat 22:06, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Your final logo variant
Hi Nohat, I'm trying to gather together the source material necessary to reproduce an exact duplicate of the current international Wikipedia logo from scratch. You seem to have changed Paulus Magnus' POV-Ray stuff quite a bit; is there anyplace on Meta where the source files for the current logo are stored? I'm also trying to track down the exact variants of Garamond that are used in the text for the English logo. Thanks for any help you can provide. silsor 08:06, Apr 19, 2005 (UTC)

 * Oh, and I'm also looking for the characters used on the current logo. At one point you had a list of characters here but I don't think those are the ones on the current puzzle globe.  Also, what font are they in? silsor 08:08, Apr 19, 2005 (UTC)

 * It's not Garamond, it's Hoefler Text. I will have time to look around on my computer for the source files possibly tomorrow. E-mail me via the e-mail this user feature and I'll send the files in an attached reply. The characters on the globe are in a variety of fonts. I don't recall them all specifically :-/. They're probably mostly characters from the default fonts for those scripts that come with Mac OS X. I will see if my original files contain that information. Nohat 08:30, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Okay, I tracked down Hoefler Text fonts, I can match up the text perfectly except for kerning (I assume it's a little different in Mac OS X, but I can adjust it manually). In case you didn't get my email, my address is jbonham@mail.utm.utoronto.ca. silsor 00:41, Apr 20, 2005 (UTC)

 * The kerning was adjusted manually. I'm in PDT, so it will be a little bit before I get home and can get the files. Nohat 02:00, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * This is just a ping to see what's going on :) silsor 14:22, Apr 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm interested in a copy of the source files of the logo too. --Alif 19:47, 4 May 2005 (UTC)

The characters on Wikipedia logos
Hello, Nohat. Thank you for your nice Wikipedia logos. Now then, I have some requests and questions about your logos. I want to be excused for my broken English. I'm a native speaker of Japanese, not of English. :-) A part of the following topics may overlap with upper topic by silsor.
 * On the common part (globe) of Wikipedia logos, there are characters look like Japanese katakana "ワィ", and I think that these are misspell. The correct spelling is "ウィ". In Japanese, "Wikipedia" spells "ウィキペディア". "ワィ" can't be pronounced. It looks strange. This topic was taken up in Japanese Village pump. I would be very grateful if you would modify it.
 * There is a character looks like Chinese character "祖" on the globe. But in Chinese, "Wikipedia" spells "维基百科". Therefore, I think that it is more natural that "维" is written. The characters written on the globe are the first characters of "Wikipedia" in many different languages, aren't they? Or there are any different standards for the choice of characters?
 * I read Final logo variants/Nohat, and noticed that the current logos of Wikipedia in various languages is version X through fine distinctions of characters on globe between version X and version XI. Why isn't version XI used? Is it for any reason or other? I made some draft logos for Japanese Wikipedia and put they to the vote now, and the common part of they is version X. Should I change the common part for Version XI? Enirac Sum 16:15, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Hi. There have been several suggestions over time for minor changes to the character set selection on the puzzle sphere logo. They have all been reasonable requests, as yours are, but at this time, making a new set of logos for every Wikipedia for a small number of minor changes is not something I'm willing to invest time in—it will require hundreds of hours of work, and if I make changes for you, then everyone else will start demanding changes, and when I refuse, as inevitably I will have to, because I have other demands on my time, I fear others will start making changes on their own, comprimising the aesthetic integrity of the logo, which to me is paramount, above even glyph selection. However, I have been considering spearheading a cross-linguistic effort to select a new set of glyphs, with input from the different language communities, which was not unfortunately not forthcoming at the time of the original logo design. I am hesitant to do even this because I fear that the process might be co-opted by some strong personalities who lack the requisite aesthetic sensitivities and who might want to introduce radical change to the logo, which is something that I am really opposed to. So, not much is likely to happen in this area unless a plan can be developed for updating the logo that can be certainly limited in scope to just changing the glyphs.

 * As for why version XI is not used, it is because version X was rolled out before version XI was completed, and there wasn't enough support for version XI to justify to the powers that were to replace X with XI. Nohat 17:03, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Hi, Nohat. I read the summary of the dialogue above on JA WP, and question came to me. If I recall corerctly now the Foundation has the copyright of Wikipedia logo, registered it as Trademark and now it is internationally protected by WIPO according to Madrid Treaty. My question from curiosity is, if you are delegated the right to change the Wikipedia logo. I am sorry if you take my question aggressive, but my intention is just clarification. Cheers, -- Aphaea *  14:21, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * The legal status of the logo's copyright is not currently well-defined. The image itself, since it has been uploaded to Wikipedia, is protected by the GFDL. It is my intention to grant all relevant rights to the Wikimedia Foundation. I am not certain, but I believe that the name "Wikipedia" has been registered as a trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation. However, to the best of my knowledge, the logo itself has not been registered as a trademark; however, it is a de facto trademark of the Foundation. The foundation has not delegated to me any rights regarding changing the logo; neither has it explicitly denied me those rights. From a practical point of view, I do not have the direct ability to change the logo because I don't have the permissions to change the file where the logo is placed. The only people who have that ability are the developers, who presumably take their orders from the board. I am not aware of any cases where the board has intervened in logo matters, however. I hope that the board respects my opinions and wishes regarding the logo enough that if they were going to authorize any changes to the logo, they would at least solicit my opinions and wishes before making them. In the end, however, they have final authority. Hope this answers your question. Nohat 16:52, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Thank you for your friendly explanation. Things seem to be complicated and I hope it would be clearer and simpler than now. Cheers, -- Aphaea *  22:58, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Thank you very much for your detailed explanation. Excuse me for my being late for gratitude to you. Enirac Sum 04:55, 4 May 2005 (UTC)

wrong name
hi,

when you created Flap consonant, you wrote that [] is a flap. but that’s not right. it is a tap. maybe you could correct this. thanx --213.209.71.43 18:17, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm pretty sure that the IPA says that it can be called a flap or a tap. Nohat 18:51, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * The Swedish phonetician Olle Engstrand describes the difference between flaps and taps in Fonetikens grunder (2004) pg. 149, a book on general and Swedish phonetics intended for university students (my translation):
 * "The phonetic distinction between taps and flaps has often been overlooked in [phonetic] literature. It is reasonable to reserve the term 'flap' for sounds where the active articulator sweeps forward and on its way touches the place of articulation so that brief contact is made. When producing taps, the brief contact is produced by the articulator moving perpendicular against and from the place of articulation. While Spanish and North American [] both are taps, Hindi and other languages have the retroflex flap in words like  'large'. The tounge starts in a sharply bent, apicopalatal position, is thrown forward, makes brief contact with the alveolar ridge and lands, sometimes clearly audible [this I, against the floor of the mouth."

 * He then goes on to describe examples of certain northern and central Swedish dialects that feature the retroflex flap as an allophone of /l/. My own variety of speech (slightly "Stockholmized" Central Standard Swedish) regularly features plenty of alveolar taps as realizations of /r/, but the retroflex flaps are quite well know in Swedish as distinctive marks of certain dialects, and it's very easy to relate to Engstrand's explanation when imitating these dialects. I think the two are destinct enough to be mentioned seperatly, though not in seperate articles.
 * Peter Isotalo 09:17, May 10, 2005 (UTC)

Consonant page conversion
Greetings, Nohat! I've noticed you've been manually converting the consonant pages to use the Infobox IPA template. I'm pretty sure I can write a bot to scrape the data out of the existing tables and replace them with the template. If you're interested, drop me a note on my talk page. :D IceKarma (talk) 23:48, 2005 Apr 26 (UTC)

AC
Hi Nohat, did you realise that you haven't voted for a month, and so are marked as inactive again? It would be good to have your input again :) -- sannse (talk) 23:22, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Japanese logo
First of all: much praise for the Wikipedia logo. I really think you did a great job.

That said, don't you think that the text "自由な百科事典" below the Japanese logo should be in the same font as the corresponding text in the Chinese logo? I think so because as it is a cursive font it would provide better uniformity with the other logos. I also think it looks better, but that is of course a matter of taste.

The same could perhaps be said about the text "维基百科" in the Chinese logo.

I hope that this information is of some use to you. As I end this message I feel obliged to praise your work once more: "Wonderful Job!" Regards, Shinobu 20:40, 4 May 2005 (UTC)

Thanks
Thanks for editing the new redirect; now I know you're an asshole. That's a good thing to know. --SPUI (talk) 19:37, 9 May 2005 (UTC)

Swedish vowel charts
Judging from the discussion of Dutch vowels above, you seem to have the IPA Handbook. Do you think you could draw a vowel chart for Swedish language based on the chart in the Swedish example?

I would be very greatful if you could make a chart that illustrates the diphtongs of southern and central Swedish dialects and regional varieties of Standard Swedish as well. I have some literature that describes the diphtong patterns in some detail. Could you draw these charts if I instruct you? Just let me know how to explain it best if you're up for it.

Peter Isotalo 08:45, May 10, 2005 (UTC)

 * Problem solved. IceKarma is helping out. :-)
 * Peter Isotalo 13:15, May 17, 2005 (UTC)

CA/SR articles
Hi,

Can we keep the article titles as they are now until an admin decides whether or not "California Highway 17" is going to stay like that -- it seems everyone is against you in the moving of the articles, but whatever the admin decides to do with 17, I will agree with and adhere to. But for now, can we keep this conflict in the 17 article and see what happens there first?

Thanks, --atanamir 07:59, 11 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm done moving articles for now. I can't really vouch for what the most common name is for other state highways. Nohat 08:07, 11 May 2005 (UTC)

Removal of AbbreviationZ from the Latin page
Why did you remove the link to the latin category on AbbreviationZ.com from the Wikipedia Latin topic? Wouldn't the Wikipedia users will be able to take advantage of 178 latin abbreviations?

Thanks for your time.

(The above is from User:67.84.111.72 23:40, 18 May 2005)

 * The following are relevant to the above link pusher. Note sometimes using AbbreviationZ.com and sometimes initialisms.com or other aliases. (SEWilco 03:46, 20 May 2005 (UTC))
 * User_talk:Hadal
 * User talk:67.84.111.72
 * Special:Contributions&target=67.84.111.72
 * Special:Contributions&target=38.117.149.162
 * Special:Contributions&target=67.84.2.55

AC again
Hi Nohat, I too am hoping you'll become active in the arbcom again because you're a linguist and I'm thinking of turning to the arbcom regarding Zivinbudas who refuses to accept consensus at Indo-European languages as well as a number of Poland- and Lithuania-related articles. Right now there's an RfC about him going on, which is now four days old. He hasn't responded to it yet except to write "Suck dick, you bum" (in Lithuanian) in the discussion section. --Angr/comhrá;; 06:41, 23 May 2005 (UTC)

Logo
Hello, what is the original vector format you used for the wikipedia logo, and would an SVG version be possible?

Kim Bruning 21:25, 24 May 2005 (UTC)

 * It's a 3-D rendered image, so there is no vector format. There is a large PDF version available at meta:Logo. Nohat 23:07, 24 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Is the original model file available? Kim Bruning 16:26, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Peter Ladefoged
I finally got this article up, and I suspect you know more about him than I do. Contributions are much welcomed.

Peter Isotalo 22:37, May 24, 2005 (UTC)

Logo sources
Hi Nohat, I asked you about a month ago about getting some source files for your Wikipedia logo. Were you able to find them? Thanks, silsor 16:24, May 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Nohat? silsor 15:05, Jun 11, 2005 (UTC)

Best High Schools
Thanks for linking Los Gatos High School on the Best High Schools list - I'm thinking of moving it to the main article namespace - what do you think? -- BD2412 talk 16:11, 2005 May 30 (UTC)

Careful with special characters
Your spelling fix in House of Vlastimirovic changed more than it should have. I fixed it, but I thought I'd let you know because it may be due to some special editing method you are using. Rl 07:55, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Thank you... apparently there are bugs with the system. I will have to watch for those. Nohat 07:56, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

thank you!
Nohat, I wanted to thank you for joining me and many other users in our struggle against Rovoam. I am putting regular disclaimers on all his known anon IPs, so that to increase the awareness about this person among Wikipedians. This is really an unprecedented case in Wikipedia and I really did not exagerrate when I put in disclaimer that Rovoam is the *most* persistent and obsessive vandal that has ever appeared in WP so far. I think this person gets his motivation from two powerful sources: 1) his personal hatred to me for whatever reasons he has in mind, and 2) almost fanatical nationalism. I believe this person will retreat *only* if Wikipedians stand united in struggle against him. I thank you once again for your contribution.--Tabib 13:38, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)

Slovenian vs (against) Slovene
Can we deal this longlasting problem again? See Talk:Slovene language. Categories are also a huge problem. I know you do not care much, but if you would be of Slovene origin, you would care this much more then now. Hypothetic: I can throw another term across the World (let us say 'Slovenaian'), and wait some time, so it might come 'preffered' one. This sentence from American Slovenians is really funny (at least to me): Large Slovenian areas in USA - if we ratify a term Slovenian to be related with the modern state of Slovenia. And do not think I do not have something better to do than to just talk all around. I've found (at least an English) version of Wikipedia sometimes very hard to achieve something. And this is just a small problem - naming one nation Slovene, and not with semi-artificial term Slovenian. And I thought that if I shall make valid contributions here, that someone would listen to me and to problems I show. --xJaM 22:33, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

You can also read this FAQs - you might learn something more. --xJaM 22:56, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't understand what point you are trying to make. Are you trying to say that "Slovenian" is not a real word? Because that's just ridiculous. It's a perfectly ordinary English word, as attested not only by many dictionaries but by a gigantic mass of actual usage. Demonstrating that there are some prescriptivists in the world who prefer one or the other doesn't really prove anything other than there are poeple who have opinions about things that not everyone shares. Nohat 23:13, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Hi, Nohat. I hope you don't mind, but I pulled your name back into the Slovenian vs Slovene debate going on at [Talk:Slovenians]. The discussion is really heating up, with some users using misleading data to press bizarre policies (e.g. Oxford English dictionary lists Slovene first and Slovenian second, and BBC uses Slovene (and noun and adjective) more often than Slovenian, therefore Slovenian should be used strictly as adjective and Slovene as noun). BT2 19:01, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Inappropriate Blocks
I'd like to draw your attention to User:203.218.107.119, I can't for the life of me figure out why you blocked this user? ... Too bad we can't see deleted's in contributions and it's such a pain to walk the delete log looking at history. The only edits look like a newbie but good faith, was the user making nonsense articles? No talk page comment so the user is likely as much without clue as I am.

Now looking at User:211.231.187.48, and a number of your other blocks. You blocked this user without warning. I see that the user made edits that would indicate that it was being used as a sock by a persistent vandal. However, the existance of other crappy edits previously probably indicates that this IP is a NAT or a proxy where our persistent friend has access to a comprimised system behind it, and that we've probably managed to block some additional people as well. At least with a talk page notice the blocked people would have a better understanding of what happened.

I appriciate your vandal fighting, but please be more careful (or at least more clear) in the future. --Gmaxwell 18:18, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * You are correct. My block of 203.218.107.119 was incorrect. I have looked over the logs and I have no idea why I blocked that user. I must have accidentally clicked on the wrong IP address to block. I have unblocked that user.

 * As for the other IP addresses, this user was using open proxies to repeatedly vandalize articles related to Azerbaijan and grabbing new IP addresses every minute or faster. There is no point in going through the whole warn, warn, warn, warn, block rigamarole with every new open proxy that he found. As soon as I identified an edit from that IP address as being from him, I blocked the address for 24 hours. The presumption is if that vandal has access to make edits via that IP address, then it's an open proxy and should be blocked on sight. We don't permit edits from known open proxies. In fact my blocks of the open proxies are more lenient than the policy specifies: Administrators are permitted and encouraged to IP-block anonymous proxies indefinitely .... Such blocks are routine and uncontroversial. I've kept a list of IP addresses I blocked in that way, and if, after the blocks expire, the vandal reuses those addresses, I will block them indefinitely. Nohat 19:37, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for fixing that one, I was hesitant to unblock it since I didn't feel like going through the delete log. :) As for proxies, I nmapped a couple of those IPs at random and none of them had an open proxy. I think it's highly likely the vandal was using trojaned machines which ran closed proxies... It wouldn't be bad to block these, perhaps, but if they are behind a university NAT then the block might also affect other editors (which seems to be the case, as the history for some of them show a few mostly good edits in the past). ... Because of this we should always at least toss up a You have been temporarily blocked from editing for vandalism of Wikipedia. Please note that page blanking, addition of random text, deliberate misinformation, and repeated and blatant violation of WP:NPOV are considered vandalism. If you wish to make useful contributions, you may come back after the block expires. , or even better you should make a template that says this IP has been blocked from editing because we suspect that it is an open proxy write to xyz to complain if this is in error. --Gmaxwell 20:36, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * If you try to edit from a blocked IP, it gives you a special user blocked page with information about the block: MediaWiki:Blockedtext. This should provide enough information to the user about the block and what they can do about it.

 * I think we can both agree that edits from trojaned machines with closed proxies are just as unacceptable (perhaps more so) as edits from open proxies. I didn't test all of them for being open proxies, which is part of why I only blocked them for 24 hours. I don't think it's possible for a trojaned machine behind a large NAT to be used for this kind of vandalism because there is no way for the vandal to send proxied requests that can reach the compromised machine behind the NAT. Possibly the previous valid edits from those IPs were made from the owner of the trojaned machine or from a previous owner of that IP address, if it's a dynamic IP. In either case, it likely that the block will expire before someone with valid access to that IP will try to edit. If not, the block info page gives instructions for resolving the situation. Nohat 21:10, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)

User Page vandalism
You're welcome. I'm trying out CryptoDerk's vandal fighter software, which makes it easy to spot user page vandalism. JeremyA 22:39, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Image
Thanks. Guettarda 04:20, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

The Azeri vandal
I have to log off really soon (it's 3 AM almost), good luck. RickK 09:49, Jun 6, 2005 (UTC)

Deleting pages
Hi, thanks for marking pages that need to be deleted. Please check before you click submit if the page has already been deleted. If you submit your edit adding the delete tag after the page has been deleted, it actually recreates the page and has to be deleted again. Nohat 09:49, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Yeah, I'm aware of the problem, however since the bulk of the delay is not the inserting of d but waiting for the server to respond to the request, checking the pages existance again after having hit edit isn't going to reduce the chance of the race condition happening. The only proper solution is for deletion to trigger edit conflicts just like edits do, but that'll require someone to code it up. --W(t) 09:53, 2005 Jun 6 (UTC)

disambiguation style
Thrilled as I am that you want to highlight the dab MOS page from the Disambiguation page (since I spearheaded that project), I must point out that the MOS only applies to one type of dab page (with nothing but links), whereas the article on the dab description page itself describes several other kinds of dab pages, so that isn't really the "main article." That whole section needs some cleanup, but I'm waiting for the first-name-page proposal to die down before dealing with it. —Wahoofive (talk) 16:11, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Kiev
You have wrote: Having the Polish name for Kiev as the third piece of information in the article is ridiculous

Compare this two examples:

 * Gdansk was part of Prussia/Germany in 1793–1806, 1815–1919 (and 100 years the city was occupied by the Teutonic Knights).

 * Kiev was part of Poland since 1569 until 1671. Before that, it was part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which was in personal union with Poland.--Witkacy 19:29, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * So? The Polish name for Kiev is not so important it needs to be the third piece of information in the article. It's a midly-relevant ancillary piece of information that can go in the section on the Polish history of the city. Nohat 20:34, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * So I guess, you have the same opinion about German names in articles of Polish cities? --Witkacy 22:43, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * "justice"? Vuvar1 23:59, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * The relationship between German and Polish names is very different from Polish and Ukrainian names. Their histories are not analogous, so the comparison is not apt. Nohat 00:53, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * That is not true- situation is the the same (old borders, settlement). Why do you think that "their histories are not analogous"- could you explain me this, please. Vuvar1 01:07, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * First, I want to note that changing other articles to prove a point elsewhere on Wikipedia is bad form (see WP:POINT). Nohat 02:49, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Is good form. It's actually the famous Reductio ad absurdum. Space Cadet 03:53, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * What I mean by "their histories are not analogous" is that the history of German names for Polish cities being used in English is not the same as the history of Polish names for Ukrainian cities being used in English. It is true that there are parallels in the history of the cities, but those similarities extend only to the histories of the cities, and not to the histories of the cities' names as used in English. The name Kijów is never and has never been used in English, so it does not need to be included at the top of the article. This is not the case for German names of Polish cities; for example "Danzig" has a long history in English of being used to refer to Gdansk. The situation is not the same for Kijów, so the fact that German names of Polish cities are included in the articles about those cities on Wikipedia does not make a very convincing argument that Polish names should be included in the articles about Ukrainian cities in Wikipedia. Should we include Japanese names of Chinese cities? The answer is no, because we should only include alternative names where they have a demonstrable history of being used in English. Note: this only applies to including the names in the very beginning of the article. Where relevant in the discussion of the history of cities, the historical foreign names should be included. Nohat 02:49, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * So- what with Russian names in these atricles (Russian isn't oficial language in Ukraine)?Vuvar1 07:15, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * There is a large minority of Russian speakers presently in Ukraine. There is only a tiny number of Polish speakers in Ukraine. The Russian name is relevant. The Polish name is not. Nohat 07:20, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * The usage of foreign names in English language has nothing to do with it. Ideally all foreign names should be mentioned only once in history section, native name up front, and the English name consistently throughout the article about the city and related articles. Space Cadet 03:53, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

The name Kijów is never and has never been used in English, so it does not need to be included at the top of the article.

1. Actually "Kijow" is used in English even today in historical context. (see google) 2. Where do you have the information from, that the name "Kijow" was never used in English? I guess the name was used in different (often misspelled) forms (like in the case of Gdansk) --Witkacy 09:39, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

"First, I want to note that changing other articles to prove a point elsewhere on Wikipedia is bad form (see WP:POINT)."

The Polish name was removed by User:Mkweise (Folks, let's not have ANOTHER Gdanzig...articles go under the current official name of cities, alright? )--Witkacy 09:48, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

"There is a large minority of Russian speakers presently in Ukraine. There is only a tiny number of Polish speakers in Ukraine. The Russian name is relevant. The Polish name is not"

See your edit on (Russian spelling not relevant in first line of article, added to bottom)--Witkacy 09:29, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC), Vuvar1 14:55, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * First, a person is entitled to change an opinion on the subject. Personally, I allowed myself to change my opinion when convinced by other editor (see for example this). Second, if one wants to dig hard trying to find "true motives" of the editor, it is important not to jump to conclusions too fast. The arguments should be judged on their own merit. In the recent arguing about Kijow in the first line, I tried to answer specific points brought up by the editors who were inserting Kijow. I didn't invoke any hints that this may be a part of the more global campaign (see Wikipedia_talk:Polish_Wikipedians%27_notice_board), no matter what I think about it. I suggest we move on from this and write a chapter of Kijów Voivodship part of the city history (this is in support of Nohat). -Irpen 18:56, Jun 11, 2005 (UTC)

 * At this point, I'm ambivalent about the Russian name appearing in the first sentence—on the one had, it seems relevant because the English name may be based on the Russian name, and there are many Russian speakers still in Ukraine. On the other hand, its presence seems to make Polish nationalists and their apologists jealous and makes them want to put in a very old and not-widely-used name too because excluding it seems somehow "unfair" or whatever. A well-written article places relevant and important facts first, and less relevant and less important facts later. However, telling Polish nationalists that the Polish name of Ukrainian cities is not particularly relevant seems to invoke a particularly unpleasant breed of defensive response that involves repeating the same tired arguments and making weak ad hominem attacks in a misguided quest to force anyone who opposes them into a logical contradiction that might somehow force them to admit that they were wrong. I'm sorry your feelings are hurt or your pride is wounded, but cry me a river. If something is not relevant, it shouldn't go in the first sentence, regardless of how many people's feelings it hurts. The Polish name Kijov is old and not widely used and doesn't need to go in the first sentence. So get over it. Nohat 19:29, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * "to make Polish nationalists" - "However, telling Polish nationalists that"
 * ... racist remarks. Your POV and arguments should be based on logic not polonophobia (espacilly for a member of the ArbCom).--Witkacy 15:35, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Nohat, I respect your mixed feelings on the issue. I just want to let you know that I wrote on this subject earlier (and added more to this lately) at Talk:Kiev. Cheers, -Irpen 19:50, Jun 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree with Irpen. 100 years in PLC deserves a mention in lead and a section/subarticle, but the very name Kijów, as an alternative spelling - not necessarily. I wouldn't add it and I wouldn't remove it. Perhaps a compromise would be to link the Kijów Voivodship and Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from history section of the lead? On another note, Noah, while I agree we are seeing some Polish nationalism at work, we are also seeing equally unhelpfull Ukrainian/other nationalism at work from some other users, so I'd advice you to avoid accusing only one side of this argument of such motives.--Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 16:25, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * The WP as a whole is certainly prone to many sorts of nationalisms at work, no doubt. BTW, I am the first who intervenes when I notice any, but especially RU or UA, nationalism bias makes it into the articles. However, the particular issue at hand (Kijow in the first line) was provoked specifically by the hurt feeling of the Polish national pride (and mostly from a completely different conflict which is especially annoying) and the other recent footprint in the Minsk article would better be addressed too.
 * A general talk that any nationalism is bad and should be opposed is a trivial issue not worth repeating. I think that this particular case was resolved entirely appropriately on its own merit. When one sees other nationalisms in other articles or, particularly RU or UA nationalism in Kiev article, please correct it or raise the issue and we will all correct it. Let's move on. -Irpen 20:06, Jun 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * P.S. Nohat, sorry if continued usage your talk page for this rant annoys you :)

Randy Jackson move
Nohat, thanks for moving Randy Jackson (American Idol) to Randy Jackson. Could you also do the same for its talk page? It's currently stranded in the Randy Jackson (American Idol) redirect. Thanks, Wasted Time R 13:33, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Semi-automated template substitution

 * This page was modified to semi-automatically substitute templates using Pathoschild's template list. // Tawker 11:07, 12 February 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Nohat/archive 2005-06-12


text:
Talk:Belly (film)

Noir Film?????????
Looking at the choice of colors and visual syle in the movie, isn't it a noir film???????(LonerXL (talk) 10:11, 22 December 2008 (UTC))

movement
The following commentary by the original editor is moved from the article to the talk page.--1pezguy 21:03, Jun 12, 2005 (UTC)

Comment

 * Thank god the Internet is still the place for amateurs. I went to the "official" site to get some jpgs for this film and was rewarded with annoying samples blaring out of my speakers and the option to (a) see the trailer; and (b) go to Def Jams' official site.  A little more searching turned up a "fan" site that had images, sounds, articles on the movie and a listing of the box office returns.  My hat's off to whoever created the fine site; so much so, that I will plug it not just at the bottom of the page but here as well:  click here to go to the unofficial Belly website that is much, much better than the real website.
 * Now, then. This movie held two real surprises for me, one of which was how bad it was.  The other surprise is how, after a gang of toughs rob a nightclub, they come back to somebody's crib and turn on the TV and come in on the middle of Harmony Korine's Gummo.  It's a great moment, as tough-eyed gangstas stare disbelievingly as two kids in cowboy hats swear and pretend to kill a young kid with bunny ears.  The scene seems more a statement of comradeship than of dismissal, as if the director is promising to do the same thing for gangsta youth that Gummo did for poor white trash.  He doesn't even come close.

I think it is worth noting that Sean Paul can be seen performing in the background long before he becomes main stream in USA.

Fair use rationale for Image:Belly.jpg
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title: Talk:Belly (film)


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User:Eclips3

Full Name: Eclipso Lunan Meteoright

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Monica Sex

Monica Sex (מוניקה סקס; also spelled Monika Sex) is an Israeli alternative rock band.

Formation and Wounds and Kisses (1993–1995)
The band was formed in 1992 in Tel Aviv, by Yali Sobol as vocalist and guitarist, Peter Roth as guitarist, Yossi Hamami on bass, and Shahar Even Tzur as drummer and vocalist. It was named after a famous female bass player from a 1980's punk rock band, "Hot Killer".

Sobol, the leader of the group, wrote a few songs, and shortly the band began to perform. After three years of gigging Wounds and Kisses (פצעים ונשיקות, the album was released in 1995 and reached gold album within 5 months. Four singles from the album received significant airplay on the radio.

US and break-up (1995–1996)
After Wounds and Kisses, Yossi Hamami wanted to play more fusion, and left the band. A while later, the band tried its luck in the United States and performed as a trio with Roth now on bass guitar. They came back to Israel for one show as an opening act for Sonic Youth and returned. They recorded a few songs in English, but after a year they couldn't adapt to the lifestyle in the US and decided to break up. Sobol came back, Roth returned to Israel and became popular among several influential bands in the country, playing and recording with them. Drummer Even-Tzur stayed in the States.

Reunion, Open Relations, Pets and hiatus (2000–2010)
In 2000 Monica Sex decided to re-group and make their second album Open Relations (יחסים פתוחים, Yahasim Ptuchim). With the organist Eldad Guetta playing on the album and later joining the band, they recorded 12 new songs, mostly written by Sobol. Again, many songs became hit singles, and the album got the same commercial reception as the last one did six years earlier.

After two years Pets (חיות מחמד, Hayot Mahmad), their third album was released. After supporting the album with a series of live shows, the band went again on a hiatus, and between 2004–2010 rarely appeared or performed live, only performing in special event like the Israeli Independence Day "Rock Atzmaut" annual show.

Melody and renewed activity (2010–present)
In mid-2010, the band members announced that after many years of minimal activity both live and in the studio, which resulted in only a few live shows a year, and jamming in the studio, the band will go into the studio with the intention to write material for a new full-length studio album.

In October 2010, it was announced that the band had finished recording their latest album Melody (מנגינה, Mangina), and the first single "The Dress from Madrid" (השמלה ממדריד, Ha-simla mi Madrid) was released to the radio.

On 19 December 2010, the second single "Mangina" (מנגינה, Mangina) was released. The full album was released on 24 February 2011, in a special release show at the Hangar 11 in Tel Aviv.

Current members

 * Yali Sobol – vocals, guitar (1993–1996, 2000–present)
 * Peter Roth – guitar, backing vocals (1993–1995, 2000–2001, 2009–present), bass (1995–1996, 2001–2009)
 * Shahar Even Tzur – drums, vocals (1993–1996, 2000–present)
 * Seffy Efrati – bass (2009–present)

Former members

 * Eldad Guetta – keyboards, organ (1993–1995), bass (2000–2001)
 * Yossi Hamami – bass, backing vocals (1993–1995)

Seffy Efrati
Seffy Efrati (ספי אפרתי; born 28 November 1975) is an Israeli musician. He is the bassist in the band of Israeli rock star Aviv Geffen. In the past he was in the Israeli-British art rock band Blackfield with Geffen and Porcupine Tree leader Steven Wilson. Efrati, a left-handed bass player, plays a Spector Bass that was designed for him by the manufacturers.

Efrati appears on stage regularly in his native country, and has appeared on many Israeli pop and rock recordings, including records by Geffen, Hemi Rudner, Ninette Tayeb, Daniel Salomon, Ram Orion and numerous alternative rock Tel Aviv bands.

In 2008, Efrati co-starred in the mini-series "Ta'ase li Yeled" (Hebrew: תעשה לי ילד), directed by Yuval Schafferman for Israeli channel HOT3.

In 2010, he joined Israeli alternative rock band Monica Sex.

title: Monica Sex