text:
Talk:Duchess (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)

Untitled
Hello, anyone who reads this should probably tidy up what i've done. Dont read ths b.s they dont know what there talking bout go to the libaray.. Does anyone know 'spettegolare' in English? that's the word used to describe the Duchess but im clueless as to its meaning! Bug42 15:36, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm going to go through it. I can't translate very well(I know very little Italian), but I'll try to tidy things up where I can. Does `nth' in the second paragraph server any purpose? It makes sense gramatically, and is a word, but it's not common. I've replaced it with a synonym, but I'm not sure if it was a mistake originally.

 * As for `spettegolare', its a verb that means gossip(looked it up in my dictionary. :D )

--Capi crimm 00:06, 2 August 2005 (UTC)

 * thanks! nth was a way of saying, he created this character as yet another caricature of the female sex... i just figured nth would be a way of saying one of many... but maybe it should be changed to "yet another"... it may make it easier to understand Bug42 11:25, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

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Talk:FM Rail

I am producing a detailed report on FM Rail for a financial institution and have found this article very interesting. It has helped to fill in the background details I could not find elsewhere. However, I do have a number of queries and would like to get in contact with 'Artdoyle'. Any ideas?? Adrian DavisAdraindavis (talk) 16:48, 22 November 2007 (UTC)

Image overlaps table in FireFox. Andy Mabbett 15:37, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Artdoyle's extra bit on Merlin is interesting. After the merger it was clear that things were getting a bit smelly and nobody (with a few honourable exceptions) seemed capable of stopping the rot. There is a lot more that everybody inside the comppay knows that can be added but it might sound like gossiping. Any thoughts anybody? Litchurch Lad 01:10, 23 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Ha Ha! Yes you're right. Wikipedia is not for publishing original research, but there is room for current events. If you were (or we were) eye witnesses to some major event our observations, reported from a neutral pont of view (of course) would be suitable for inclusion. Gossip is a non-neutral point of view. Neutral reporting is acceptable. Artdoyle 12:17, 25 May 2007 (UTC)

I've split the FM Rail Ltd bit into 2, so that the bit about going bust can be documented separately from what FM was up to with its business. Artdoyle 12:26, 30 May 2007 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:FM Rail


text:
Furuset Forum

Furuset Forum is an indoor sports arena located in the eastern parts of Oslo, Norway. The capacity of the arena is 2,050 and was opened 1998, replacing the earlier arena, which was built in 1979. Its main focus is ice hockey, but also regular indoor sports facilities currently utilized by Handball, Floorball and more.

Located in Søren Bulls vei, it is within proximity of the underground trains. The facility is also equipped with three dedicated parking spots for people with disabilities and has a cafeteria where traditional Norwegian waffles and soft drinks can be purchased. It is the home of Furuset ice hockey team, the club behind names like Bjørn "Botta" Skaare, Petter Sæther and Jon Warset.

During the construction of Nye Jordal Amfi, Vålerenga Ishockey will be using Furuset Forum as their temporary home arena. Due to this, the capacity of the arena was expanded, from 1450 to 2050.

title: Furuset Forum


text:
Tuscania

Tuscania is a town and comune in the province of Viterbo, Lazio Region, Italy. Until the late 19th century the town was known as Toscanella.

Antiquity
According to the legend, Tuscania was founded by Aeneas' son, Ascanius, where he had found twelve dog pups (whence the Etruscan name Tus-Cana, cana being similar to Latin canis for "dog"). Another legend attributes the foundation to one Tusco, son of Hercules and Araxes.

Evidence of human presence in the area dates from the Neolithic age, but probably the city proper was founded in the 7th century BC when the acropolis on St. Peter's Hill was surrounded by a line of walls. Villages existed in the vicinity. In the following years its strategic position gave Tuscania a leading role in the Etruscan world. After the defeat of the coastal cities by the Greeks (4th century BC), Tuscania also became a maritime trade centre through the port of Regas (next to today's Montalto di Castro). There is no record of Tuscania being involved in the battles that led to the Roman conquest of the Etruscan northern Lazio (280 BC), as the city probably entered into the Roman orbit peacefully. The agricultural development and construction of the Via Clodia further boosted the economic situation of the city. It became a municipium in 88 BC.

Middle Ages and Renaissance
In the 5th century AD (or earlier, depending on the source), Tuscania became one of the first bishopric sees in Italy.

After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, it fell to the Lombards in 569 or 574. In 781 it became part of the Papal States. In 967–1066 it was a fief of the Anguillara family and then of the marquises of Tuscany. In 1081 it was besieged by Emperor Henry IV.

In the following century it became a free commune with authority over a wide territory, including numerous castles. The inner struggles within Tuscania led to a loss of prestige, in favour of the nearby Viterbo, which was made a diocese in 1192, formally on split-off territory, but virtually achieved a transfer by immediate, constant personal union under Viterbo's bishops until the 1896 former merger of the Tuscania bishopric (as it had been renamed in 1911) into the Viterbo diocese. In 1222 St. Francis of Assisi sojourned in the city. During the struggle between the Guelphs and Ghibellines throughout the Holy Roman Empire, it was captured by Frederick II of Hohenstaufen on March 2, 1240, and provided with a line of walls.

A failed military expedition against Pope Boniface VIII (early 14th century), led to the submission to Rome, with the pejorative name of Tuscanella. In 1348–49 a bubonic plague struck Tuscania very hard. Shortly thereafter, in 1354, Cardinal Gil Alvarez De Albornoz definitively returned the town to the Papal States.

In 1421 it became a county under the condottiero Angelo Broglio da Lavello.

In 1495 it was ravaged by the French troops of King Charles VIII during his march towards the Kingdom of Naples, much thanks to the destruction of the walls ordered by Cardinal Giovanni Vitelleschi in reply to the continual internecine struggles and public riots. Thereafter the city experienced a long decline which lasted until the annexation to the new unified Kingdom of Italy in 1870.

Modern times
In the 19th century the local Campanari family spearheaded the exploration of Etruscan tombs. They organized the first Etruscan exhibition in London. Many of the valuable discoveries ended up in various European museums, as well as Tuscania's own Archeological Museum.

On February 6, 1971 an earthquake caused 31 deaths. The town has been meticulously restored since, and the historic quarter is substantial, completely surrounded by the medieval city walls that offer excellent views over the surrounding countryside and the church of St Peter.

Main sights
The main attraction of the city is the Church of San Pietro, built in Lombard-Romanesque style, begun in the year 739 and renovated in the 11th–12th centuries. The interior has a nave and two aisles divided by low columns and pilasters incorporating half-columns, with antique and mediaeval capitals. The façade with its rose window also dates from the 12th century.

Other sights include:
 * The Etruscan Museum, with sarcophagi from nearby tombs, as well as other objects from the tombs.
 * Church of Santa Maria Maggiore. The Romanesque Basilica has a façade with three finely decorated portals. The interior is on a nave and two aisles, divided by columns with sculpted capitals. The recessed entrance is flanked by a pair of free standing columns intended to evoke the Boaz and Jachin of the Temple of Solomon at Jerusalem.
 * The Tower of Lavello
 * Fontana delle Sette Cannelle a Medieval fountain made with Roman materials
 * Etruscan necropolises, including the Tomb of the Queen and Pian di Mola.
 * Remains of the ancient Via Clodia, which connected the town with Rome.

title: Tuscania


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sensuality therapy

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Golbez 18:32, Jun 21, 2005 (UTC)

Sensuality therapy
Neologism. 3 Googles, none related. --Xcali 15:39, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Sounds like tree-hugging hippy nonsense, unless it can be considerably expanded upon. --StoatBringer 23:38, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * del--MarSch 11:34, 19 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


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Bago, Negros Occidental

Bago, officially the City of Bago (Dakbanwa/Syudad sang Bago; Lungsod ng Bago), is a 2nd class component city in the province of Negros Occidental, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 191,210 people.

Located 22 km south of the provincial capital Bacolod, Bago comprises 6.63% of the population of the entire Negros Occidental, making it the third most populous city in the province. It sets a land area of 389 square kilometres, which is 5% of the entire Negros Occidental and 10% of the total land area of component cities.

It is also tagged as the “Home of Historical and Natural Treasures”, owing to its contribution to the history of the province of Negros Occidental and country, and its scenery and flora and fauna making it an eco-tourism destination. It is also known as the “Boxing Capital of the Philippines” title, owing to the great names it produced in boxing. It is also home to the only three known populations of the endangered Irrawaddy dolphin in the entire Philippines. The other two populations are in Guimaras and Palawan. All of which are designated as critically endangered populations.

Etymology
The community was named after a large tree called “bágo” (Gnetum gnemon) under which a native prince Mapagic died according to the writings of a Spanish historian, Diego de Povedano. Another version, however, noted that the name came from the shrub, bago-bago that grew abundantly in the riverbanks. Around the 17th and 18th centuries, settlers from Molo, Iloilo formed a little village at the mouth of Bago River, presently a rich source of sand and gravel. The village grew into a large settlement prompting its elders to pass a petition for its conversion into a town or pueblo, which was granted in 1800.

Precolonial Times
Bago city was already a Barangay state mentioned in the epic of Maragtas as a Constituent Barangay of the Kedatuan of Madja-as and it was settled during and after the victory against Chola-occupied Srivijaya, after the sack of Odtojan; where the compromised Rajahs and Sultans who accepted higher positions by corrupt means were carted off to become slaves, Maharlika, and Alipin to serve the Datus of the Philippines along with the native Ati recruits and Malays who accompanied the siege and reconquest as well as evacuation of Odtojan, where the victorious army and navy returned to the Kedatuan with their war booty.

Spanish Era
Its history has its beginning on September 6, 1571, when the Spanish Adelantado, Miguel Lopez de Legaspi, allotted the community to a Spaniard named Juan Gutiérrez de Cortés as his "encomienda". At that time, the community was still composed of small clusters of settlements along the banks of a big river which later became known as the Bago River. The "encomendero", since then, administered to the spiritual and socio-economic needs of the natives in the settlements until June 1578; however, a year before that, this community was placed under the evangelical visitations of Fr. Gerónimo Marín, OSA, an Augustinian priest who had taken charge of the Christianization of the natives of Binalbagan since the year 1572. Father Marín, upon his arrival in the community, celebrated the feast of St. John the Baptist, who would later be accepted as the patron saint of the place. Following the traditions and practices of the Spanish missionaries and historians in recording the founding of a "pueblo" or town that usually coincides with the feast day of a saint and since the feast day of St. John the Baptist, falls on June 24 of each year, it follows thereof that Bago was founded on June 24, 1575. History only records 1575 as the year when Bago was founded so that the exact month and day can only be deduced from such traditional practices of the Spaniards. Manila, Cebu and Binalbagan also predicted the dates of their founding on the same historical situations; hence, the logical conclusion is that Bago was officially founded on the month, day and year heretofore mentioned.

As regards on how the town acquired its name, according to the manuscript of a Spanish historian, Diego López Povedano, which is available in the library of the University of San Carlos, Cebu City, the town was named after a large tree called "Bago" under which, a prince by the name of Mapagic died.

Another historical version is that the place got its name from a shrub called "bago-bago" which was then growing luxuriantly along the river banks.

17th century
From the year 1575 up to the close of the 16th century, no historical account was written about the community. Bago came into the historical scene again when, at early part of the 17th century, a group of settlers settled along the banks of Bago River. The arrival of these settlers merged into a sizable village capable of self- governance. In later years, the descendants of these settlers petitioned the Spanish authorities to declare their village a "pueblo" or town and to name it "Bago". Among the petitioners were Manuel Sitchon, Gregorio Varela, Paulino Torres, Jacinto Araneta, Clemente Celis, Mariano Gonzaga and Fernando Villanueva, whose forebears hailed from the town of Molo, lloilo. The said petition was finally granted by the Spanish authorities in the year 1800; thus, Bago officially attained the status of a "pueblo" or town in that same year.

19th century
Between the years 1800 and 1898, the inhabitants of Bago are among those who suffered tremendously under the Spanish tyranny, injustice and oppression. This social condition finally led to a great revolt on November 5, 1898, when on this day, General Juan Anacleto Araneta rallied his people in the struggle for freedom. This historic event was chronicled in a historical marker found in the city public plaza of Bago which bears the following inscriptions:

Republica de Negros

In this plaza of Bago was proclaimed the

Republica de Negros by the Revolutionary

Forces led by General Juan Anacleto Araneta,

5 of November, 1898. Witnessed by Ananias

Diokno, representative of the Central

Revolutionary Government. This Republic

acknowledged the authority of the First

Philippine Republic under Emilio Aguinaldo.

Together with General Aniceto Lacson who led the forces in Talisay, he was able to force the capitulation of the Spanish garrison at Bacolod thus putting an end to the Spanish sovereignty in the province. Forthwith, a revolutionary government was established with General Juan A. Araneta as the acting governor. The Municipality of Bago, an election was held and Ramon del Castillo became the first elected municipal president who served in such capacity from the year 1898 up to the year 1900.

20th century
In April 1901, the Americans came and established a civil government in the province of Negros Occidental which completely abolished the revolutionary government of General Araneta. Bago as one of the towns that were placed under the control of the Americans; however, they allowed the municipality to be governed by Filipino officials.

When the Japanese forces invaded the Philippines, the civil government of Bago (called Buenos Aires during this time) was dissolved. The Japanese occupation forces tried to establish a provisional government but the local people refused to cooperate. When the joint American and Filipino forces including recognized guerrillas liberated the town on March 29, 1945, it was completely destroyed but rehabilitation work was immediately started.

Bago was finally granted its cityhood on February 19, 1966, by virtue of Republic Act. No. 4382 with Manuel Y. Torres as the hold-over City Mayor until 1998.

Legal limitations on the number of successive terms disqualified Mayor Manuel Y. Torres in running again as city mayor and in the 1998 local elections, his wife, Janet E. Torres run as candidate for mayor and won. Mayor Janet served Bago as city mayor for three consecutive terms.

Presently, the City of Bago is under the leadership of Mayor Nicholas Yulo.

21st century
On July 27, 2018, the city of Bago was awarded at Gawad Kalasag 2018 City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management as 1st Placer under Component City Category.

Geography
Bago has a total land area of 38,941 hectares, 3,651 ha. of which belongs to Mt. Kanla-on Natural Park. It is composed of 24 barangays, 16 of which are rural and 8 are urban. Based on NSO 2000 census, urban barangays include Abuanan, Atipuluan, Caridad, Balingasag, Don Jorge Araneta, Ma-ao, Poblacion and Taloc. Barangay Ilijan, however, with a distance of 30.50 km from the city proper is the farthest barangay. Barangay Bacong has the biggest land area with 4,827.0350 hectares while Brgy Poblacion, as the smallest, has 311.5044 hectares. The city has 1,100 has-water area and 15 km coastline. Bago is traversed by the widest river in the province, the Bago River, which starts from the northeast slope of Kanlaon Volcano and drains into Guimaras Strait.

It has moderately sloping to rolling lands. Slopes are raging from 0 to 3% comprises 22.911.42 has. 3 to 8% comprises 5,783.92 has. 8 to 18% comprises 4, 682.22 has, 18.1 to 30% comprises 1,514.84 has, 30 to 50% steep hills and rolling comprises 1,735.18 has. and a very steep and mountainous 50% above comprises 2,313.57 has.

Normally, the city is wet from May to December and dry from January to April with a temperature level of 24.40 degrees Celsius. Average rainfall recorded is 5.68 mm for 89 rainy days within a year while average humidity level is at 76.17%.

Barangays
Bago is politically subdivided into 24 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

 * Abuanan
 * Alianza
 * Atipuluan
 * Bacong-Montilla
 * Bagroy
 * Balingasag
 * Binubuhan
 * Busay
 * Calumangan
 * Caridad
 * Don Jorge L. Araneta
 * Dulao
 * Ilijan
 * Lag-Asan
 * Ma-ao
 * Mailum
 * Malingin
 * Napoles
 * Pacol
 * Poblacion
 * Sagasa
 * Tabunan
 * Taloc
 * Sampinit

Demographics
99.6% of the residents speak Hiligaynon/Ilonggo while 0.4% speak other languages such as Kinaray-a and Cebuano. When it comes to religion, 82% are Roman Catholic, 6% are Aglipayan, 3% are Iglesia ni Cristo, 2% are Convention of the Philippines Baptist Church, and the remaining are either Jehovah's Witnesses, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, Seventh Day Adventists, Evangelicals, etc.

Here are some notes regarding the city's demographic information:
 * First recorded population was 23,630 in 1903
 * 2000 census showed that Bago has a population of 141,721
 * Male Population is 72,777 (NSO 2000 census)
 * Female Population is 86,944
 * Urban Population is 60,557 (NSO census)
 * Rural Population is 81,164 (NSO census)
 * Population Density is 362 persons per km2.
 * Barangay Ma-ao has the biggest population of 14,916
 * Barangay Bagroy has the lowest population of 1,305

Government
Ramón D. Torres was elected as Mayor of Bago in 2007, replacing Janet E. Torres, whose husband served as mayor for almost 40 years. The coliseum located in the heart of the city is named after him.

List of former chief executives
The following were the succeeding municipal presidents and mayors of Bago until the outbreak of the Second World War on December 7, 1941:

The leadership since World War II:

Notable personalities

 * Araneta family - prominent Filipino clan who consider Bago as their primary hub.
 * Juan Araneta - revolutionary National Hero
 * J Amado Araneta - business tycoon
 * Rafael M. Salas - United Nations Under-Secretary General, Executive Director UNFPA, National Hero
 * Jesus Varela - Roman Catholic Bishop
 * Jorge B. Vargas - Wartime Head of the Philippine Government, Executive Secretary to Manuel Quezon
 * Mansueto Velasco, Jr. - Olympic Silver Medalist
 * Roel Velasco - Olympic Bronze Medalist
 * José Yulo - Speaker of the House, Wartime Chief Justice
 * Arthur Villanueva - pro boxer
 * Rogen Ladon – Medalist, Boxing

title: Bago, Negros Occidental


text: Category:Feeder albums

title: Category:Feeder albums


text:
Binalbagan

Binalbagan, officially the Municipality of Binalbagan (Banwa sang Binalbagan; Bayan ng Binalbagan), is a 1st class municipality in the province of Negros Occidental, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 71,407 people.

Major economic activities include manufacturing, agriculture, services, cottage industries and tourism. Binalbagan is also known for the Binalbagan Isabela Sugar Company (BISCOM).

Binalbagan became a town on May 15, 1572 and was one of the first two settlements of Negros Occidental (the second being the municipality of Ilog). On the record, Binalbagan is the oldest town in the whole Negros Island, thereby earning the title, “Banwang Panganay” or oldest town.

The municipality celebrates an annual fiesta called "The Balbagan Festival" every month of May.

Binalbagan is 64 km from Bacolod.

Barangays
Binalbagan is politically subdivided into 15 barangays: twelve (12) rural barangays and three (3) urban barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

Currently, there are 3 barangays which are considered urban (highlighted in bold).

 * Amontay
 * Bagroy
 * Bi-ao
 * Canmoros
 * Enclaro
 * Marina
 * Pagla-um (Poblacion)
 * Payao (formerly Soledad)
 * Progreso
 * San Jose
 * San Juan
 * San Pedro (Poblacion)
 * San Teodoro
 * San Vicente
 * Santo Rosario (Poblacion)
 * Santol

Demographics
The people in the city speak the Hiligaynon language (often called Ilonggo). Filipino and English are generally understood.

Education

 * Tertiary
 * Binalbagan Catholic College
 * Carlos Hilado Memorial State University (formerly Negros Occidental School of Fisheries)
 * Southern Negros College

Notable personalities

 * Jose Miguel Tuason Arroyo (first gentleman of former Philippine President, Gloria Macapagal Arroyo)
 * Ignacio "Iggy" Tuason Arroyo, Jr. (member of the Philippine House of Representatives)
 * Augurio Abeto (dubbed as the "King of Hiligaynon Poetry")
 * Ian Clark Bautista (Southeast Asian Games Boxing Gold Medalist)
 * Rico Amancio (Masterchef Asia Contestant)

title: Binalbagan


text:
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title: User talk:RedDwarf~enwiki


text:
Cadiz, Negros Occidental

Cadiz, officially the City of Cadiz (Dakbanwa/Syudad sang Cadiz; Dakbayan sa Cadiz; Lungsod ng Cadiz), is a 2nd class component city in the province of Negros Occidental, Philippines. It was the capital of the short-lived province of Negros del Norte, before the creation of the province was declared unconstitutional on August 18, 1986.

According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 158,544 people.

The city is a gateway and a premier center of agro-fishery resources in Negros Island. The strategic location of the city, with a wide and rich island and marine resources and vast fertile agricultural land, and the completion of the commercial port and the construction of a fish port, will open a new opportunity for economic growth and competitiveness.

The city is a major sugarcane-producing area. This is transported to Victorias City for further refining. Another major source of livelihood is the harvest of seafood.

The Dinagsa Festival, a celebration which earned Cadiz the name of the Dinagsa Country of the north, is held annually on the last week of January. Some three kilometers off the coast of Barangay Cadiz Viejo is a white sand island resort of Lakawon, a popular destination among the local population.

The current City Mayor is Salvador G. Escalante Jr. (elected 2019).

The city was heavily damaged by Typhoon Haiyan, but has had success with restoration efforts to a stage where conditions are comparable to its pre-calamity status.

History
Cadiz traces its beginnings to the establishment of a traditional settlement in a place known as Cadiz Viejo, near the banks of the Hitalon River. Historical records showed that in 1861, the Spaniards came and named the settlement Cadiz because of its northern location which reminded them of the seaport by the same name in Spain.

Cadiz became a municipality independent from Saravia (now E.B. Magalona) in 1878. Its first appointed Gobernadorcillo was Antonio Cabahug, married to Capitana Francisca Cito. During the outbreak of the Philippine Revolution saw Cadiz take part in the insurrection in 1898. As her sons and daughters, headed by Francisco Abelarde, took up arms against their Spanish masters.

During the short-lived government of the cantonal state of the Federal Republica de Negros, Jose Lopez Vito was elected its president. At the onset of American rule, Cadiz was on its way to prosperity with the operation of two lumber companies in the area. The war years stopped these economic activities and brought much suffering to the people of Cadiz. The resistance movement and the local forces of the Philippine Commonwealth Army units put up the civil government in the mountains to deal with civilian affairs. In the post-war election of 1952, Joaquin Ledesma was elected mayor. Cadiz is also known as the "City of Whales" in 1960 because a number of whales washed to its shores in several different historical events thus became an iconic image of the city.

Cityhood
In July 1967, Cadiz was inaugurated as a city by virtue of Republic Act No. 4894 which was passed by Congress on June 17, 1967. The act was authored by Congressman Armando Gustilo.

Super-Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda)
In November 2013, the city was heavily damaged by the typhoon. Around 20,000 homes were damaged. In the island of Lakawon, from 250 homes, 10 was left standing. No casualties were reported in and around the city.

Geography
Cadiz is located at the northern part of Negros Occidental, 63 km away from the provincial capital of Bacolod City. The city is bounded to the north by the Visayan Sea, to the south by Silay City and Victorias City, to the east by Sagay City and to the west by the municipality of Manapla. It is located within the geographical coordinates of 10 degrees and 50 mins. Latitude NE and 125 degrees and 9 mins. longitude E.

The total land area by land use is 52,457 hectares. An area of 7,354.59 hectares is classified as urban land, which includes residential, commercial, industrial and institutional. 45,102.45 hectares are rural.

The city has reclaimed an area of 38 hectares, 500 meters southeast of City Hall. This area is found alongside of Hitalon River and is ideal for industrial activities.

Barangays
Cadiz is politically subdivided into 22 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

 * Andres Bonifacio
 * Banquerohan
 * Barangay 1 Pob. (Zone 1)
 * Barangay 2 Pob. (Zone 2)
 * Barangay 3 Pob. (Zone 3)
 * Barangay 4 Pob. (Zone 4)
 * Barangay 5 Pob. (Zone 5)
 * Barangay 6 Pob. (Zone 6)
 * Burgos
 * Cabahug
 * Cadiz Viejo
 * Caduha-an
 * Celestino Villacin
 * Daga
 * V. F. Gustilo
 * Jerusalem
 * Luna
 * Mabini
 * Magsaysay
 * Sicaba
 * Tiglawigan
 * Tinampa-an

Language
Hiligaynon is the major language of the city, with differences in tone and accent from the Hiligaynon used in Metro Bacolod. It is also mixed with a few Cebuano and Spanish words. Tagalog and English are widely taught but seldom used, however, both are frequently used in the academe and businesses.

Economy
The total annual income of the city for the year under review is P429,389,619. It is derived from the actual collections of local revenues and Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA).

The city has a total number of 4,965 business establishments, in which 4,750 of which are classified as commercial and 215 as industrial. It has 11 pawnshops, 16 lending corporation and five banking institutions which provide financial capital to businessmen.

The principal sources of livelihood are agriculture and fishing, with employment and business as a secondary source of income.

Cadiz has a total agricultural area of 36,475.7429 hectares. Sugarcane remains as the prime agricultural commodity with as large as 23,571.1445 hectares or 64.5242% of the total agricultural area.

Fish supply is more than what the city currently needs. Being rich in natural resources and considered as one of the few fishing centers of Negros Occidental, Cadiz, rich in marine resources, is envisioned to be the seafood center of Negros and an alternative tourist destination. In Barangays Daga and Tiglawigan, for instance, dried fish processing and boat building are the major economic activities.

A P37 million multi-purpose seaport, still under construction, is envisioned to encourage both fishing and commercial vessels to dock in and use the area for trade and industry. This nationally funded seaport would create more jobs in the city.

So far, four companies (San Miguel Corp., Pepsi Cola, Coca-Cola and Jaz Cola) have established their distribution centers within the city.

Also located in the city is the Cadiz Solar Power Plant.

Elected officials
Member of the Cadiz City Council (2019–2022):

Protective services
As of 2007, the city has 54 policemen serving its 150,750 citizens. The existing policemen-population ratio is 1:2,792 - above the standard ratio of 1:1,000. This necessitates that the city police force employs 97 more policemen.

The Philippine National Police has one headquarter located at the Villa Cristina Subdivision and 6 community police unit precincts located at Barangay Daga, Barangay Banquerohan, the Public Market, Fara-on Institute, Lacawon Island and Barangay Tiglawigan. There are 3 patrol vehicles and 3 motorcycles being utilized by the police force.

Considering that the police force ratio to the populace is not sufficient, the Civilian Volunteers Organization (CVO) was created to augment the policemen. Today, there are 40 members of CVO serving alongside the policemen of the city.

The city has 62 traffic enforcers helping policemen direct and control the traffic flow. The city planned to hire additional traffic enforcers by 2008.

There are three PA Detachments operating in the rural barangays with the main patrol base located at Had. Buenretiro, Barangay Burgos, I PA Special Detachment at Had. Bjormaine, Barangay Magsaysay and I PA Detachment at Had. Ladnon in Barangay Caduha-an.

As of 2007, the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology has 8 personnel and 126 inmates. It is located in Barangay Tinampaan.

The Bureau of Fire Protection, as of 2007, has 2 serviceable fire trucks and 24 firemen and personnel. Of these, 11 are nationally funded, including the Inspector. The other 13 are locally funded. The ratio is 1:6,226. This is higher than the standard 1 fireman per 2,000 population. Inferring from this, the city needs 50 more firemen and personnel. The development of the Busac-Busac Spring, the city has 23 serviceable fire hydrants located at different strategic locations.

Transportation and communication
Cadiz is a one-hour drive from Bacolod City, the capital of Negros Occidental, by private car and an hour and fifteen minutes ride by a passenger bus. The Vallacar Transit (Ceres), the largest bus company, has a terminal here. Buses plying to San Carlos, Dumaguete, and the nearby municipalities make short stopovers here. Other services of transportations available are PUJ and van for hire vehicles. Cadiz is also accessible to Cebu via the cities of San Carlos and Escalante. Passenger buses for Cebu also pass by at the bus terminal on scheduled trips.

The existence of communication facilities in any area plays a vital role in economic development. These facilities lessen the cost of transportation and likewise shorten the time in transacting business. Cadiz has a Bureau of Telecommunications and a post Office located at the City Engineer's Compound. There is also an air cargo service in the city. Two private companies, the JRS and LBC, also deliver mail. Unlike the post office, home mail delivery of these private companies reaches the rural areas.

The Cadiz Post Office has only two mail carriers and seven office personnel, including the postmaster. The recommended ratio between letter carriers and the population is 1:5,000. With the projected population of 161,393 in 2005, the current ratio between letter carriers and population is placed at 1:80,696. The city needs to hire 30 additional personnel to meet the requirement of 32 letter carriers. The population is estimated to be 165,589 in 2006; hence, an additional of 31 letter carriers will be needed to meet the new requirement of 33 letter carriers.

Two telephone companies operate in the city, the Philippine Long Distance telephone Company located along Villena Street with a capacity of 1,500 lines and the Globe Fiber Optic Backbone Network support facility located along Cabahug Street. Cellular sites of Smart, Globe and Sun are also found in the city to cater for the wireless telephone system. The city has also five internet cafes.

Cadiz has one satellite cable station. COMSATEL Cable TV located at San Eusebio Subdivision, Barangay Zone 2. It caters to six urban barangays, including parts of Barangay Daga and offers 45 channels to choose from. By using ordinary antennas, 3 television channels (12, 6 and 4) are viewed and received.

The city has one FM radio station located at Villa Barbas, Barangay Zone 2, with a broadcast power of 104.5 kHz. Cadiz also receives broadcasts from stations in Bacolod, Manila, Cebu, Iloilo and other nearby provinces or towns and cities. The broadcasts are either in English, Hiligaynon, Cebuano and Filipino.

National newspapers available in the city include the Malaya Daily Express, Bulletin Today, Philippine Daily Inquirer, Time Journal, Tempo, The Philippine Star, and Bandera. Local dailies include Negros Daily Bulletin, Sunstar and the Visayan Daily Star. The City Government of Cadiz also has the quarterly Cadiz Bulletin and the monthly Bulletin.

By sea
There used to be two ferry boats of private company transporting cargoes and passengers to and from Bantayan Island.

Healthcare

The government health facilities of the city consist of a district hospital with 50 beds, an emergency clinic with 5 beds and 2 extension beds, a city health clinic, 22 Barangay health centers, and 43 school clinics. There are 5 private medical clinics, 3 private family planning clinics, 2 private optical clinics and 3 private clinical laboratories. The government's x-ray clinic and dental clinic further support the health facilities of the city. There are seven drugstores, two of which are open 24 hours a day.

Education

Elementary

 * Cadiz West I Elementary School
 * Cadiz West II Elementary School
 * Cadiz East I Elementary School
 * Northern Negros Private School
 * Philippine Normal University (PNU Visayas Campus)
 * Holy Infant Academy
 * SPED Training Center
 * Manuel J. Escalante Elementary School

High School

 * Philippine Normal University (PNU Visayas Campus)
 * SPED High School
 * Holy Infant Academy
 * Dr. Vicente F. Gustilo Memorial National High School
 * Cadiz Viejo National High School
 * Caduha-an National High School
 * Sicaba National High School
 * Tiglawigan National High School
 * Villacin National High School

College

 * North Negros College
 * CEDAR College, Inc.
 * Philippine Normal University (PNU Visayas Campus)
 * LaSalTech, Inc. - Cadiz
 * Northern Negros State College of Science and Technology - Cadiz Campus
 * Technological University of the Philippines Visayas, Cadiz Extension Campus

Cadiz has 76 educational institutions that offer elementary, secondary and tertiary education. 67 are public schools, eight are private, and one is a state-owned university. Out of the 67 public schools, 51 offer elementary education and 16 offer secondary education. Out of eight private schools, four offer elementary education, one offers secondary and elementary, one offers solely secondary, one offers business education and vocational courses, and one offers a computer technology course. The state-owned university offers elementary, secondary and tertiary (BS in Elementary Education, BS in Secondary Education and master's degree in Education) courses.

There are also nine private preparatory schools: Cadiz Evangelical Church Kindergarten School, Northern Negros Private School, Alpha-Omega Christian School, Seventh Day Adventist Elementary School, PNU Early Childhood Education, Kiddie's Joy Kinder School, Solid Ground Christian Academy, Cadiz Christian Learning Center and Creativity School. The seven public preparatory schools are the Cadiz East Elementary Schools 1 and 2, Cadiz West II Elementary School, Villacin Elementary School, Bayabas Elementary School, Don Luis Consing Elementary School and Caduha-an Elementary School.

title: Cadiz, Negros Occidental


text:
Rumi Kasahara

Rumi Kasahara (笠原 留美) is a Japanese voice actress affiliated with Aoni Production. She voiced roles in a bunch of titles in the 1990s including Pretty Sammy OVA and TV series, Moeyo Ken, Hell Teacher Nube, Princess Nine, and Sakura Diaries. In video games, she provides the voice of Ena Arashizaki in Money Puzzle Exchanger, Yue Ying in the Dynasty Warriors / Warriors Orochi franchise, Alia in Mega Man, and Futaba Taiga in Sakura Wars New York.

title: Rumi Kasahara


text:
Calatrava, Negros Occidental

Calatrava, officially the Municipality of Calatrava (Lungsod sa Calatrava; Banwa sang Calatrava; Bayan ng Calatrava), is a 1st class municipality in the province of Negros Occidental, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 82,540 people.

Calatrava is 101 km from Bacolod via Negros Occidental Eco-Tourism Highway and 182 km from Dumaguete, the capital of Negros Oriental. The town is known for its monkey sanctuary.

History
Municipality of Calatrava was formally organized by virtue of Administrative Code of 1917 under Section 68 effective January 1, 1924 through the of Secretary of the Interior for the recommendation to the Governor-General.

Barangays
Calatrava is politically subdivided into 40 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

 * Agpangi
 * Ani-e
 * Bagacay
 * Bantayanon
 * Buenavista
 * Cabungahan
 * Calampisawan
 * Cambayobo
 * Castellano
 * Cruz
 * Dolis
 * Hilub-Ang
 * Hinab-Ongan
 * Ilaya
 * Laga-an
 * Lalong
 * Lemery
 * Lipat-on
 * Lo-ok (Poblacion)
 * Ma-aslob
 * Macasilao
 * Malanog
 * Malatas
 * Marcelo
 * Mina-utok
 * Menchaca
 * Minapasuk
 * Mahilum
 * Paghumayan
 * Pantao
 * Patun-an
 * Pinocutan
 * Refugio
 * San Benito
 * San Isidro
 * Suba (Poblacion)
 * Telim
 * Tigbao
 * Tigbon
 * Winaswasan

Demographics
The people in the town primarily speak Cebuano, followed by Hiligaynon. Tagalog and English are generally understood especially in the urban areas.

Economy
The municipality of Calatrava is predominantly agricultural with almost 60% of its total land area devoted to agricultural use. Sugarcane occupies the largest share of agricultural land with almost one third followed by rice and corn. The total production per year can meet the cereal demand within the municipality with the excess being exported to nearby municipalities and cities.

Other sectors include livestock, poultry, and fisheries.

title: Calatrava, Negros Occidental


text:
Utopian language

The Utopian language is the language of the fictional land of Utopia, as described in Thomas More's Utopia. A brief sample of the constructed language is found in an addendum to More's book, written by his friend Peter Giles. Pretending to be factual, the book does not name the creator of the language; both More and Giles have been alternately credited, with Giles often thought to have designed the alphabet.

Grammar
Although some words in Utopian show different forms corresponding to different cases in the Latin translation, there is no evidence of a consistent relationship between form and meaning, as can be seen from the following comparison of the nominal, pronominal, and adjectival case forms:

There are only four verbs in the Utopian poem, and these also show no evidence of a correspondence between form and function:

Writing system
Utopian has its own 22-letter alphabet, with letters based on the shapes of the circle, square, and triangle. These correspond almost exactly to the 23-letter Roman alphabet used in the 16th century, lacking only z. The letters f, k, q, and x, though assigned Utopian equivalents, do not occur in the given text. There are several errors in the text (for example, the first word is given as utopos in Latin script, but as similar-looking stoqos in Utopian script).

Examples
The only extant text in Utopian is a quatrain written by Peter Giles in an addendum to Utopia:
 * Vtopos ha Boccas peu la chama polta chamaan. Bargol he maglomi baccan ſoma gymno ſophaon. Agrama gymnoſophon labarembacha bodamilomin. Voluala barchin heman la lauoluola dramme pagloni.

It is translated literally into Latin as:
 * Vtopus me dux ex non insula fecit insulam. Vna ego terrarum omnium absque philosophia Ciuitatem philosophicam expressi mortalibus Libenter impartio mea, non grauatim accipio meliora.

This, in turn, is translated into English as follows:
 * The commander Utopus made me into an island out of a non-island. I alone of all nations, without philosophy, have portrayed for mortals the philosophical city. Freely I impart my benefits; not unwillingly I accept whatever is better.

Armed with these translations, it is possible to deduce the following vocabulary:
 * {| class="wikitable"

! Utopian !! Latin !! English
 * + Vocabulary of the Utopian Language
 * agrama || ciuitatem || city (accusative; cf. Sanskrit grāmam, village)
 * baccan || omnium || of all
 * barchin || impartio || I impart
 * bargol || una || one, the only
 * boccas || dux || commander
 * bodamilomin || mortalibus || for the mortals
 * chama || insulā || from (the/an) island (ablative)
 * chamaan || insulam || island (accusative)
 * dramme || accipio || I receive
 * gymnosophaon || philosophiā || from philosophy (ablative)
 * gymnosophon || philosophicam || philosophical (accusative)
 * ha || me || me
 * he || ego || I
 * heman || mea || (those which are) mine
 * la || non || not
 * larembacha || expressi || I have represented (perfect)
 * lauoluola || grauatim || unwillingly (la + voluala)
 * maglomi || terrarum || of the lands
 * pagloni || meliora || those which are better; better things
 * peu || ex || from, out of
 * polta || fecit || (he) has made (perfect)
 * soma || absque || without
 * uoluala || libenter || freely, willingly
 * Vtopos || Vtopus || Utopus (mythical founder of Utopia)
 * }
 * he || ego || I
 * heman || mea || (those which are) mine
 * la || non || not
 * larembacha || expressi || I have represented (perfect)
 * lauoluola || grauatim || unwillingly (la + voluala)
 * maglomi || terrarum || of the lands
 * pagloni || meliora || those which are better; better things
 * peu || ex || from, out of
 * polta || fecit || (he) has made (perfect)
 * soma || absque || without
 * uoluala || libenter || freely, willingly
 * Vtopos || Vtopus || Utopus (mythical founder of Utopia)
 * }
 * peu || ex || from, out of
 * polta || fecit || (he) has made (perfect)
 * soma || absque || without
 * uoluala || libenter || freely, willingly
 * Vtopos || Vtopus || Utopus (mythical founder of Utopia)
 * }
 * uoluala || libenter || freely, willingly
 * Vtopos || Vtopus || Utopus (mythical founder of Utopia)
 * }
 * Vtopos || Vtopus || Utopus (mythical founder of Utopia)
 * }
 * }

In accordance with 16th-century typographical custom, the letters V and u are a casing pair, not distinct letters: V was the capital form and u the lower case. V~u represented a consonant or vowel depending on position, similar to y in modern English (e.g. nymph vs yellow). Analysis of the metre of the verse shows that the reader was expected to read Vtopos as 'Utopos', uoluala as 'volvala' and lauoluola as 'lavolvola'.

More's text also contains Utopian "native" terms for Utopian concepts.

Utopian has been assigned the codes qto and art-x-utopian in the ConLang Code Registry.

title: Utopian language


text:
User talk:Stele~enwiki

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Flcelloguy 15:41, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
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Japanese cruiser Oyodo
Nice article on Oyodo!

Since there was only one ship in her class, I took the liberty of redirecting Oyodo class cruiser to Japanese cruiser Oyodo, since as far as I could tell, the former article was just a duplicate of the first part of the latter.

However, it looks to me as though the picture you uploaded, Image:Oyodo01.jpg is a copy of, which was scanned from the box of a 1/700 scale waterline model kit manufactured by Fujimi. It's certainly not out of copyright, so I don't think we can legitimately use it. Gdr 15:13, 2005 Jun 16 (UTC)

Japanese cruiser Oyodo
Good catch, I didn't notice that the image that i'd hadn't nominated for deletion was the incorrectly spelled one. Consider it done! Cornell Rockey 04:09, 8 April 2006 (UTC)

Thanks!
Im Just Another Hard Core GITS fan! Empty2005 01:55, 9 April 2006 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Stele. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Stele~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 03:11, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 19:13, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Stele~enwiki


text:
Resnik (crater)

Resnik is a small lunar impact crater that is located within the interior of the huge walled plain Apollo, on the Moon's far side. Apollo is a double-ringed formation with a central floor that has been flooded with basaltic lava. Resnik is located at the northern edge of the dark area of the surface. It lies to the southwest of the smaller crater McAuliffe.

This is a roughly circular, bowl-shaped crater. Overlying the northwestern rim is a smaller, cup-shaped impact crater with a higher albedo than Resnik. A small, partly submerged crater is attached to the exterior along the southern rim, and a portion of a submerged crater rim lies just to the east of this feature along the same rim.

The crater name was approved by the IAU in 1988 in honor of Judith Resnik, killed in the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster on January 28, 1986. The crater was formerly designated Borman X, a satellite crater of Borman.

title: Resnik (crater)


text:
Cauayan, Negros Occidental

Cauayan, officially the Municipality of Cauayan (Banwa sang Cauayan; Bayan ng Cauayan), is a 1st class municipality and the most populous municipality in the province of Negros Occidental, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 108,480 people.

Cauayan is 111 km from the provincial capital of Bacolod and is known for its sandy beaches and pristine waters, limestone and dried fish products. With a population of 102,165 inhabitants, it is the most-populated out of the 19 municipalities in Negros Occidental.

History
Before the Spaniards came to Negros, this town was a wilderness and local indigenous people dwelling there depended on hunting and fishing. The site from where the town began was covered with bamboo thickets called kawáyan in the Hiligaynon language, hence the name "Cauayan" (pronounced kawayán, "place where bamboo grows abundantly").

In 1822, Cauayan was formally founded by Don Vicente Paulo Decena, believed to have come from Cebu. During the Spanish era, a seat for the municipal government was sought. Guiljungan, Cauayan and Isio were candidates but Isio prevailed as it was more populated. It received the honor of being the center of government although gobernadorcillos were accorded to Cauayan and Guiljungan.

Progress was stalled during that period since the Spanish rulers were reluctant to educate their subjects. Even when they built schools, only a few privileged were admitted to them. There were no roads and most people were required to render forced labor. When the Americans came in 1904, the tribunal in Isio was shifted to Cauayan and this fostered socioeconomic development. The inhabitants of Cauayan were taught modern agricultural techniques to raise crops, and public infrastructure such as schoolhouses, roads and bridges were built.

Geography
Located on the southern portion of the province, Cauayan is bounded on the east by the municipality of Ilog; on the south by the municipality of Candoni; on the west by the mining city of Sipalay and on the north by Panay Gulf with its bountiful fishing grounds.

The municipality of Cauayan has a rugged topography. Mt. Malipantao, considered the highest peak in the province, separates the municipality from the town of Candoni and the city of Sipalay. Portion of the ranges are the remaining thick forest that needs protection where the watershed is located. The remaining portions of the municipality are slightly rolling to moderate large areas of flat lands center on the different barrios, which is much suited to agriculture.

The municipality consists mainly of the following slope distribution:

From gently sloping at 0-3 percent or equivalent to 5,369.42 hectares to moderately sloping at 3-8 percent or a total of 1,059.40 hectares to rolling lands with slopes ranging from 8-18 percent which covers to about 1,716.94 hectares. A bigger portion is moderately steep with a slope distribution ranging from 18 to 30 percent having a total area of 19,419.42 hectares. However, large areas are steep and mountains with a slope of 30-50 percent, which accounts to 21,181.92 hectares, and to very steep hills and mountains with a slope of over 50 percent, which covers to about 3,246.90 hectares. Moderately large areas of flat land center on the different barrios. However, the southern part of the municipality is hilly. The Poblacion and the 12 barangays along the seashore are approximately 0-3 degrees above sea level.

Barangays
Cauayan is politically subdivided into 25 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

These are further categorized into the Coastal and the Upland Barangays.

Tourism
Tourism has recently picked up in the Cauayan Municipality, with its fine white sand beaches and diverse marine and wildlife.

Punta Bulata Resort & Spa is a resort with an AA accreditation from the Department of Tourism.

Danjugan Island Marine Reserve is a wildlife sanctuary in Barangay Bulata is also one of the most recognized dive spots in the region. This island has one of the most diverse and highly dense coral life in the world. Visitors may go for day-trips to the island with pre-arranged visits by contacting Danjugan Island or through Punta Bulata Resort.

The Lubay-lubay Festival and Feast of the Conversion of St. Paul is held annually on January 25.

Health
The main concern of the Local Government Unit of Cauayan is the provision of adequate health facilities and services to its constituents. The Rural Health Unit in the Poblacion is supported by 24 Barangay Health Stations and 22 sub-stations located in the different barangays. Complementing the health services is the newly operated Cauayan District Hospital managed by the Local Government Unit located in Barangay Isio. Services offered include medical consultation, maternal and child care, immunization, control of diarrheal diseases, control of acute respiratory infection, family planning, nutrition, tuberculosis control, leprosy control, dental health, rabies control, malaria control, sexually transmitted disease control, AIDS prevention, cancer control, dengue control, cardiovascular disease prevention and control, prevention of blindness, environmental sanitation and care of the elderly.

Social welfare
The Municipal Social Welfare and Development Office is charged with the function of accelerating delivery of social services in the municipality. The target outreach for welfare services is generally classified as follows: family heads, children, out-of-school youths, disabled, special groups, distressed families and rebel returnees.

Social services are rendered to Family Heads and Other Needy Adults (FHONA), needy children, youth, disabled/elderly, women, and the distressed. Social programs include Self-Employment Assistance Program, day care and supplemental feeding, Emergency Assistance, Self-Employment Assistance, Relief Assistance, and Responsible Parenthood/Pre-Marriage Counseling. Cauayan also offers social services like Child Abuse, Youthful Offenders, Peer Group Services, Organization of Elderly Groups, Organization of Barangay Council for Protection of Children, and Organization of Barangay Disaster Coordinating Council.

Peace and order
The municipality police force has a total strength of 28 members who maintain the peace and order and assist with emergencies. It is complemented by the 4th Mobile Coy PNP or Provincial Mobile Group (PMG) in maintaining peace and order especially in the campaign against subversives and lawless elements in the town and nearby municipalities. This is further augmented by the 61st Infantry Battalion of the Philippine Army based in Barangay Tiling.

Infrastructure
The municipality can be reached through public utility buses and jeeps plying the route Bacolod-Cauayan-Sipalay-Hinoba-an with terminals in Bacolod City and sub-terminals in Kabankalan City on a scheduled basis. Transportation facilities plying the route from the Kabankalan to the different barangays and vice versa are public utility jeeps with terminals in other growth centers aside from Poblacion. There are about 525 units of public tricycles being utilized for short-distance travel.

The municipality has a total road length of 298 kilometers. Of this, barangay roads constitute 70.57 percent or an aggregate of 210.29 kilometers. Most of the barangay roads are still unpaved with a total of 192.98 kilometers categorized under the gravel road surface. Only 2.31 kilometers and three kilometers are of concrete and asphalt, respectively. Ranked next is the national road with a total of 64 kilometers or about 21.5 percent. Of the total, 62 kilometers are concrete asphalt and the remaining two kilometers as concrete road surface. The provincial roads, on the other hand, comprise 20.5 kilometers or equivalent to only 6.9 percent of the total road length where 17 kilometers are still classified under the gravel road surface. The municipal roads represent about 1.1 percent or a total of 3.21 kilometers; they are all of concrete surface and basically service the urban center with a total projected population of 7,096.

The municipality has no land line telephone connections. The only available facilities are the two telephone franchise holders or public calling offices: Philippine Long Distance Telephone Office (PLDT-PCO) and Bayan Telephone Services.

Mailing services are mainly handled by the Bureau of Posts which is headed by a postmaster and two postmen. Other telecommunication services are the municipal radio station and the PC/PNP radio station with their citizens band radio operated by the office of the mayor and the PC/PNP, respectively. The former is engaged in communication services to and from the provincial offices and other municipal offices, while the latter specializes in communication services directly related to peace and order radio messages.

One of the major sources of power is the Negros Occidental Electric Cooperative (NOCECO), which started providing electric power in September 1982. It only covers six barangays; however, with an increasing population, the demand for electric power is also increasing. As a result, out of 25 barangays, 23 are already energized. The remaining two barangays settled down to kerosene, which is still widely used by the remaining 73 percent of the total number of potential consumers who are not served by the electric cooperative.

There are two levels of water supply in the municipality. Level I refers to point sources of water such as wells, springs and rain collectors. Level II refers to communal faucet systems. The municipality is deficient in the point of piped potable water available for residential and commercial purposes.

There are 18 existing waterworks system under the Level II water system found in 18 barangays with one faucet in every cluster of houses, or a total of 386 faucets. Except for Barangay Inayawan, which is operated by the cooperative, the rest are managed by the Barangay Council. Since the municipality is still generally rural, the local waterworks system uses communal faucets where houses are densely clustered enough to justify a piped distribution system providing a number of households with faucets. In other barangays, household consumers pay a flat rate at a minimum of P10.00 per month while others operate their water system for free.

Education
The municipality is divided into two school districts, Cauayan I and Cauayan II, which offer complete elementary and secondary education. It also offers non-formal education to out-of-school youths. There are in the municipality 62 elementary schools. 31 have complete elementary education and the remaining 30 schools only cater to primary education. From these 62 elementary schools, 21 are located along the highway, some are near the seacoast, and the rest are widely scattered in the mountainous area of the municipality.

For secondary education, there are seven main national high schools and three private secondary schools. Among the excelling schools are Guiljungan National High School, Tuyom National High School, Eva J Montilla National High School and Camalandaan National High School, which cater quality education. Students have competitively participated in divisional and regional conferences from these schools and honorarily brag awards.

To further provide the educational and/or tertiary needs of the Cauayanons, the Central Philippines State University has a campus in Cauayan (originally known as the Negros Occidental Agriculture College (NOAC) when it officially opened on June 8, 1999, and between 2001 and 2012, as Negros Occidental State College of Agriculture (NESCA) - Cauayan Campus).

Notable personalities

 * Angel Alcala (1929-2023) - biologist who was conferred as National Scientist of the Philippines in 2014.
 * Anthony Jennings (born 2000), actor

title: Cauayan, Negros Occidental


text:
Enrique B. Magalona, Negros Occidental

Enrique B. Magalona, officially the Municipality of Enrique B. Magalona (Banwa sang Enrique B. Magalona; Bayan ng Enrique B. Magalona), also known simply as E. B. Magalona and formerly known and still commonly referred to as Saravia, is a 2nd class municipality in the province of Negros Occidental, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 64,290 people.

Since 1967, the municipality is named after Enrique Magalona, former Senator of the Philippines and the grandfather of the late Filipino rap icon Francis Magalona. It was previously named Saravia, after Don Emilio Saravia, the first political-military governor in the island during the Spanish era.

The town is also known for the Tomongtong Mangrove Eco-Trail.

Geography
Enrique B. Magalona is 23 km from Bacolod.

Barangays
Enrique B. Magalona is politically subdivided into 23 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

 * Alacaygan
 * Alicante
 * Poblacion I (Barangay 1)
 * Poblacion II (Barangay 2)
 * Poblacion III (Barangay 3)
 * Batea
 * Consing
 * Cudangdang
 * Damgo
 * Gahit
 * Canlusong
 * Latasan
 * Madalag
 * Manta-angan
 * Nanca
 * Pasil
 * San Isidro
 * San Jose
 * Santo Niño
 * Tabigue
 * Tanza
 * Tuburan
 * Tomongtong

title: Enrique B. Magalona, Negros Occidental


text:
Escalante, Negros Occidental

Escalante, officially the City of Escalante (Dakbayan sa Escalante; Dakbanwa sang Escalante; Lungsod ng Escalante), is a 4th class component city in the province of Negros Occidental, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 96,159 people.

Etymology
Initially, the town was named "Manlambus", a Visayan term meaning "to strike with a club", in reference to how the fishes were caught in its coastal waters. When it was established, it was renamed "Escalante" after the then-governor's hometown in Spain with the same name.

Pre-Spanish era
Virtually nothing is known of Escalante during the pre-Hispanic era. But archaeological findings in October 1975 and May 1976 made by a team of Anthropology students led by Professor Lionel Chiong of Silliman University reveal an early record of men who inhabited not only the present city but also the island of Negros during the pre-Spanish time. The findings were recovered in nine graves in what seemed to be an ancient burial ground in Barangay Japitan, a coastal barangay lying along the Tañon Strait, facing the island of Cebu, some 17 kilometers from the city proper. The artifacts consisted of celadon plate and bowls, stoneware bowls and jars, a Sung Dynasty (960-1280 A.D.) jarlet, gold beads, iron implements, daggers and a hunting knife with an ivory bone handle.

Obviously buried with the dead, the plate, bowls, jars and iron implements were found alongside the skeletal remains, the daggers and hunting knives on top of the breast section and the gold beads inside the skulls in-between the upper and lower jaws. When carbon-14 tested, these findings together with the human skeletal remains were found to date as far back as the 12th century A.D. All this proved that present-day Escalante was inhabited by settlers with a relatively developed culture who were engaged in some form of trade and commerce with the outside world, such as the Chinese and Japanese traders who could have brought the jarlet, stoneware and celadon pieces during the Ages of Contacts and Trade with the East (11th & 12th centuries A.D.)

Spanish era
The northeastern part of Negros Island was "one of the most cultivated regions" in the mid-19th century.

On November 28, 1856, Governor-General Manuel Crespo issued a decree creating the towns of Escalante and Saravia. The decree ordered "that the two towns in question would be separated immediately from their mother town, Silay," although the spiritual separation of the two "would await the building of churches and convents in Saravia and Escalante." The latter had its seat of government in the barrio of Nueva Sevilla (Barangay Old Poblacion).

The Parish of Escalante was finally established on May 22, 1860, with Fr. Cipriano Navarro, OAR, as the first Parish Priest. Fr. Navarro, in a report to the Recollect Provincial in 1861, wrote that the inhabitants of his Parish and its 14 barrios lying along the northeast portion of the island from Calatrava to Himogaan, "speak the Cebuano dialect and all, or the majority, came from Cebu, with the exception of those from Barrio Marianas (Himogaan) . . . who came from the district of Iloilo and speak the Hiligaynon dialect."

In 1859, a politico-Military Command was established in Bacolod under Governor Emilio E. Saravia with six towns under its jurisdiction: Escalante, Guihulngan, Jinuboan, Jimalalud, Tayasan, and Ayungon. Two more were added, Arguelles (Sagay) and Calatrava when these were created into separate towns on July 3, 1863. This ended with the division of Negros into two provinces in 1889.

Schools for boys and girls were established in the late 1860s. By 1869, a school for boys and another for girls were already operating in the town. By 1890, these schools were among the very few managed by Normal School graduates.

As early as 1871, Escalante was a major link between Bacolod and Cebu. A mail service route, Bacolod-Escalante-Tutuban-Toledo, Cebu was already exclusively in use by May 1871. In 1875 a mail boat belonging to Emerenciano Amante, the Gobernadorcillo (Mayor) of Escalante, transported mail between Toledo and Escalante every week.

A telegraphic station was established in 1894. The telegraphic cable was extended later on to Tuburan, Cebu and was operational by October 1897.

The inhabitants of the town lived from subsistence agriculture. They produced among others, rice, corn, buri, edible root crops, and tobacco. Their second most important economic activity was fishing.

Tobacco was grown commercially but its production decreased when monopoly was established starting from the time of Don Emilio Saravia (1855–1857), the first politico-military of the Negros Island. In its stead, sugarcane was gradually being grown. It was not clear when the first sugar mill was established in town. But by 1891, Escalante had already 6 steam-engine sugar mills; 36 powered by horses; and 11 by carabaos. Approximately 848 hectares were planted to sugarcane.

American era
The American period covering some 45 years (December 1898 to July 3, 1946, except for a few years under the Japanese occupation) saw marked changes in the socio-cultural, economic and political complexion of the area and its people. To capture the hearts and minds of the inhabitants without the use of guns and cannons, the Americans opened the first free elementary school at Old Poblacion in the early 1900s.

A Gabaldon-type elementary school building was constructed at Old Poblacion during the term of Mayor Fernando Lucot (1912–1918). The municipal hall and the town plaza were constructed and developed during the time of Francisco Ferrer, Sr. Also at this time, the first municipal school site where the first elementary school was located, was formally acquired, and the installation of the Rizal Monument at the public plaza completed. The municipal portal and Rizal Monument was built on September 15, 1955. The bandstand and skating rink was constructed on September 28, 1935.

Japanese era
In 1942, the occupation by the Japanese Imperial forces entered the towns in Escalante. The establishment of the general headquarters of the Philippine Commonwealth Army was active on January 3, 1942, to June 30, 1946, and the 7th Infantry Regiment of the Philippine Constabulary was active again on October 28, 1944, to June 30, 1946, and military stationed in the town municipality of Escalante during the Japanese Occupation.

In 1945, local Filipino soldiers of the 7th, 72nd, 75th and 76th Infantry Division of the Philippine Commonwealth Army and the 7th Constabulary Regiment of the Philippine Constabulary was liberated the towns in Escalante, Negros Occidental and helping Negrosanon guerrilla fighters defeats and attacking Japanese Imperial forces and ended of the Second World War.

In 1941, Victor Bedonia succeeded Francisco Ferrer Sr. as mayor, and was supported by the local guerillas. The siege of all Filipino troops of the Philippine Army and Constabulary units was found liberated in the town municipality on 1945 against the Japanese. He served until 1948. The Japanese however installed Enrique Ballesteros as mayor until the end of the war.

Post-war era
Two years after liberation, Escalante was divided into two municipalities. President Elpidio Quirino issued Executive Order 141 dated May 19, 1948 "Organizing certain barrios of the Municipality of Escalante, Province of Negros Occidental, into an independent municipality under the name Toboso", to take effect July 1, 1948. Victor Bedonia who was then the incumbent mayor of Escalante opted to become the first mayor of the newly created town of Toboso. Pedro Benignos took over until 1950. In 1951, Evaristo Sanz took over and was replaced thereafter by Amando Tambo. It was during Mayor Tambo's time when the seat of government, by virtue of Executive Order No. 301 issued by President Carlos P. Garcia on May 30, 1958, was transferred from Barangay Old Poblacion to its present site at Barangay Balintawak.

The first high school, the Escalante National High School, was donated by Manuel A. Lopez in 1946 and established in 1948. A decade later, in 1961, the Mount Carmel College was established by the Order of the Carmelites. Aside from the churches in the Municipality of Toboso, in Escalante and in Brgy Old. Poblacion, it also erected the Magdalen Hospital which was run by the Sisters of Julie Postel. This hospital is now called the Dr. Vicente Gustilo District Hospital, under the management of the Provincial Government. This placed the new town in an enviable position, not only being a center of higher education and quality medical care in this part of Negros.

This brought about profound changes in the socio-cultural, economic and political life of the town as it provided the much-needed opportunity for children of poor families in the area to acquire college education. Other public schools were opened up later on, such that there are now 27 public elementary schools, 6 national public high schools and 3 extension high schools.

The martial law years
During this time, a modern public market, new municipal building, and the 50,000-gallon reservoir was erected under the mayor Braulio P. Lumayno. The Martial Law Years was seemingly quiet. However, the uneven land distribution, marginal food production, and the excesses of the political system created so much discontent especially in the sugarcane farms. This was one of the reasons why the BAYAN-led "Welgang Bayan" which ended in the Escalante massacre. Twenty-one rallyists who were determined to paralyze traffic, died on the spot on the streets of Escalante when the militia of then-strongman Congressman Armando Gustilo, who was bent on dispersing the rally, fired their guns on rallyists. This event was one of the important factors for the downfall of the Marcos regime.

With the installation of Pres. Corazon C. Aquino, Mrs. Evelyn L. Hinolan was selected as OIC Mayor. Then BAYAN Chairman Rolando Ponsica, who was one of the persecuted during the Martial Law years, easily became the mayor in 1988.

Cityhood
After 143 years of existence as a municipality, under the leadership of Mayor Santiago G. Barcelona, Jr., Escalante was now qualified to become a city. On July 24, 1998, the Sangguniang Bayan of Escalante passed Resolution No. 98-79 "requesting the Congressman Julio A. Ledesma IV of the 1st District of Negros Occidental to file a bill in Congress creating / converting the Municipality of Escalante into a new City of Escalante." Six days later, Congressman Ledesma filed House Bill No. 1514 "An act converting the Municipality of Escalante into a component city to be known as the City of Escalante." President Joseph Estrada imposed a moratorium on conversion or creation of cities by memorandum on the same year, but it did not affect the house bill that converts Escalante into a city.

Congress went ahead with its enactment. After conducting a public hearing right here in the town on November 27, 1999, Congress passed the substitute bill, House Bill No. 8882, on second reading on December 9, 1999. More than a week later, it passed the bill on third and final reading.

A similar bill, Senate Bill No. 1786, was filed by Sen. Serge Osmeña III in the House of the Senate on October 22, 1999. Senate Bill No. 2245 (in substitution of Senate Bill No. 1786) was passed on third and final reading on February 8, 2001, the last session of the 11th Congress.

Both bills became Republic Act No. 9014, "An act converting the Municipality of Escalante, Province of Negros Occidental into a component city to be known as the City of Escalante." It was signed into law on February 28, 2001, by President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, and was ratified in a plebiscite held on March 31, 2001. Of 14,723 who actually voted, 14,075 voted "YES" and only 648 voted "NO".

Geography
Escalante has a total land area of 19276.303 ha. It is located on the northeastern tip of Negros Occidental, facing the island of Cebu. It is 49 km from San Carlos City and 95 km from Bacolod, the provincial capital. It is bounded on the north and west by the city of Sagay, on the south by the town of Toboso and on the east by the Tañon Strait.

Outside the city center of Escalante, there is a separate region of low rolling hills, especially going to its upland barangays towards Mt. Lunay. The hill land section is the remnant of past volcanism and probably, represents either dormant volcanic cinder cones or outliers of a once more extensive volcanic formation. Local residents in the upland barangays of Escalante at the foot of Mt. Lunay testify to period rumblings of a volcano generally believed 'to be dead'. An indicator of the dormant character of Mt. Lunay is the existence to this day of a sulphur spring at its foot. Often, the slopes of these hills as in Barangay Binaguiohan are quite steep. However, the steepness of the slope has not stopped Escalantehanons in cultivation of the hillside.

Coastal environment
The diversity of plants in the coastal environment of Escalante is one of the richest in Occidental Negros. Its coasts comprise two surviving ecosystems: the mangrove, consisting of trees and shrubs that occupies the landward portion of its coastal areas; the seagrass, or grasslike plants, that thrive on it shallow nearshore area. In a limited coastal zone, remnants of a third ecosystem, coral reef may be found but in residual, degraded form. The marine waters of Escalante are generally warm throughout the year, except for early mornings of the cool months of December, January and February. Salinity of its waters is within reasonable amount, at 28-36 parts per thousand.

Climate
The atmospheric conditions influencing the climate of Escalante as a whole are the same conditions operative in Negros Island. During the summer months (April to December) an air stream is directed from the south. This air current follows a counterclockwise path as it approaches the low-pressure center of the Asian continent, and reaches the Philippines from a southwestern direction as the southwestern monsoon or habagat. During the period from November to January, Negros has relatively cool weather as the Asian continent cools more rapidly than the surrounding seas, resulting in high-pressure centers leading to winds being deflected in a clockwise fashion.

This period is known as the northeastern monsoon or amihan. From March to April the northeastern wind system dominates. The cool season in Escalante is from December through March. It is also the time when low tides called aya-ay prevail, making beachcombing of its shores more pleasurable. The latter part of March through June is when the highest temperatures prevail. But being largely coastal, Escalante enjoys a constant flow of refreshing sea breeze.

Barangays
Escalante is politically subdivided into 21 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

Demographics
The city has grown at a respectably fast rate, averaging 1.63% in the ten years (2000 thru 2010). The May 2010 Census on Population showed that population increased to 93,005 persons. This means that on average that population grew by 1.63% annually since 2000. This is only about 3.20% of the province's population which includes Bacolod City or 3.88% without it. At this rate, the city's population is expected to double by year 2053.

The average household for 2000 was 4.89 persons per household, which is lower than the 5.0 national, 5.1 regional and the 5.24 provincial averages. NSO estimates there were 92,035 persons in 2007 in 18,644 households. This means, the average households size increased to 4.94.

As of December 2009, the average age is 24 years old.

Escalante has the highest population density (persons/square kilometer) in 2007, among the province's cities at 736.3, second only to the provincial capital, Bacolod City. The provincial average is 362.1, while the cities average 417.8.

The people in the city speak Cebuano closely followed by Hiligaynon. Filipino and English are generally understood.

Government
Melecio J. Yap, Jr. is the current Mayor of the city while Rogelio A. Prietos is the current Vice Mayor of the city. The city belongs to the 1st Congressional District of Negros Occidental, which is under the Leadership of Congressman Gerardo P. Valmayor, Jr.

List of former chief executives
Succession of mayors from 1901 to present: • German Carballo 1901-1904

• Juan Infante 1905-1906

• Pelagio Abong 1906-1907

• Vidal Clarin 1908

• Placido Visitacion 1909-1911

• Fernando Lucot 1912-1918

• Gabino Gamao 1919-1921

• Francisco Ferrer Sr.                       1922-1931

• Restituto Dejoras 1931-1934

• Francisco Ferrer Sr.                        1934-1941

• Enrique Ballesteros (Japanese–sponsored) 1941-1944

• Victor Bedonia (Resistance and Commonwealth Military Movement)        1941-1948

• Pedro Benignos 1948-1951

• Evaristo Sanz 1952-1955

• Amando Tambo 1956-1957

• Braulio P. Lumayno 1958-1976

• Jose Pete Parreño Nov. 1976 – March 2, 1980

• Braulio P. Lumayno Mar. 1980 –July 16, 1986

• Evelyn L. Hinolan July 17, 1986 – November 30, 1987

• Penny Yanong December 1, 1987 – February 2, 1988

• Rolando P. Ponsica February 2, 1988 – March 25, 1998

• Eme L. Zamora March 26, 1998 – June 30, 1998

• Santiago G. Barcelona, Jr.         July 1, 1998 – June 30, 2007

• Melecio J. Yap, Jr.                  July 1, 2007 – June 30, 2016

• Eddie M. Montero July 1, 2016 – June 30, 2019

• Melecio J. Yap, Jr.                  July 1, 2019 – present

Notable people

 * James Yap
 * Christian Bables

title: Escalante, Negros Occidental


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Himamaylan

Himamaylan, officially the City of Himamaylan (Dakbanwa/Syudad sang Himamaylan; Lungsod ng Himamaylan), is a 3rd class component city in the province of Negros Occidental, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 116,240 people.

This component city located is 75 km south of Bacolod, the provincial capital. Due to its coastal location, it is a rich source of different types of seafood, mainly fish, oysters, mussels and shrimps. The city celebrates the Himaya-an Festival every April 14–25.

Himamaylan became a city on March 5, 2001, through a proclamation by President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo under Republic Act No. 9028. It is the only city in the 5th District of the province.

Etymology
During the Spanish colonisation, it was once spelt as "Gimamaylan".

History
In 1795, Himamaylan became the capital of Negros. At that time, the city served as a garrison for occupying Spanish forces. Today, the old Spanish-built fort constructed as a lookout point for frequent Moro raids is one of the historical attractions found in the city.

Cityhood
In 2001, the Philippine Congress passed Republic Act No. 9028, providing for the conversion of the municipality into a city after a favourable plebiscite.

Geography
Himamaylan is located at the centre-most cove on the coastline of Negros Island. Himamaylan has a natural harbour characterised by deep waters favourable to access by marine vessels.

Located in the centre of the island, the city is conducive to operations reaching all parts of the country and the rest of Southeast Asia from a strategic point. Most portions of the city are plains and generally have fertile soil, conducive for agriculture. The city's rivers are 12 ft or deeper, providing drainage for farmland.

Barangays
Himamaylan is politically subdivided into 19 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

 * Aguisan
 * Buenavista
 * Cabadiangan
 * Cabanbanan
 * Carabalan
 * Caradio-an
 * Libacao
 * Mambagaton
 * Nabali-an
 * Mahalang
 * San Antonio
 * Sara-et
 * Su-ay
 * Talaban
 * To-oy
 * Barangay I (Poblacion)
 * Barangay II (Poblacion)
 * Barangay III (Poblacion)
 * Barangay IV (Poblacion)

Demographics
The people in the city speak the Hiligaynon language (often called Ilonggo). Filipino and English are generally understood.

Economy

The city's main sources of livelihood include fishery, sugarcane farming and sugar production, rice farming, mango cultivation and ethanol exports.

Sister city

 * Taguig

title: Himamaylan


text:
Hinigaran

Hinigaran, officially the Municipality of Hinigaran (Banwa sang Hinigaran; Bayan ng Hinigaran), is a 1st class municipality in the province of Negros Occidental, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 88,909 people.

It is 52 km south from Bacolod.

History
The early inhabitants of this town were the aboriginal people called "Mundos" and "Ambaks". When traders and settlers from Panay started moving in, the natives were driven to the mountains. The new settlers were called "Tagahigad" and when the Spaniards came the place was called "Ginigaran" from the word "higad" but it was later spelled and pronounced as Hinigaran.

The town was founded in 1765 and Captain Basilio Mongcal was appointed as the first president in 1806. Among its first settlers were the families of Mongcal, Lagtapon, Curio, Sario, David, Orin, Pido, Pabalinas, Luntayao, Javier, Vargas, Lucasan, Grijaldo, and Dano-og— some of whom were from Panay.

The Spaniards established the seat of the "pueblo" in Jacinto and Zamora Streets, and the town was governed by "Capitanes Municipales", Tenientes Absolato" and Cabeza de Barangays". When revolt against the Spanish Government broke out, Capitan Bibiano Gelvosa and his followers fought bravely against the Spaniards. He was the last "Capitan Municipal" when the Americans arrived.

Barangays
Hinigaran is politically subdivided into 24 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

 * Anahaw
 * Aranda
 * Baga-as
 * Barangay I (Poblacion)
 * Barangay II (Poblacion)
 * Barangay III (Poblacion)
 * Barangay IV (Poblacion)
 * Bato
 * Calapi
 * Camalobalo
 * Camba-og
 * Cambugsa
 * Candumarao
 * Gargato
 * Himaya
 * Miranda
 * Nanunga
 * Narauis
 * Palayog
 * Paticui
 * Pilar
 * Quiwi
 * Tagda
 * Tuguis

Demographics
The people in the town speak the Hiligaynon language (often called Ilonggo). Filipino and English are generally understood.

Economic profile

 * Total Internal Revenue Allotment: Php P180,762,087 (2018)
 * Total Income: Php 158,600,789.72 (2015)
 * Major Industry: Agriculture and fishing
 * Products: Nylon shell, Capiz shell, Talaba, firecrackers manufacturing
 * Market Days: Thursdays and Sunday
 * Town Fiesta: April 30 (Hinugyaw Festival)
 * Patronal Fiesta: July 22 (Kampana Festival)
 * Patron Saint: Saint Mary Magdalene

Infrastructures

 * Hinigaran Coastal Road/Magsaysay Boulevard
 * Hinigaran International Seaport

Health Services
Location: Del Pilar-Luna St. Brgy. 3, Hinigaran. Location: Espiridion Guanco North Drive, Acacia, Brgy. Gargato, Hinigaran
 * Hinigaran Community Hospital
 * Hinigaran Holy Mother of Mercy Hospital

Media Network

 * 105.7 Radyo Natin Hinigaran
 * 89.7 K5 News FM Hinigaran (formerly known as Radyo Bandera)

Education

 * Number of Elementary Schools : 25
 * Number of Secondary Schools : 7
 * Hinigaran National High School
 * Hinigaran Institute
 * Madeleine Academy
 * Pahilanga National High School
 * Negros Occidental National Agro-Industrial School of Home Industries
 * Esteban Jalandoni Farm School Calapi Main/ Baga-as Extension
 * Fundamental Baptist Christian School
 * Number of college :2 — Central Philippines State University – Hinigaran Campus (2011)
 * Southern Negros Polytechnic University (coming soon)
 * STI College (coming soon)

Tourism

 * San Jose Muscovado Sugar Mill
 * Barangay Pilar World War II Marker
 * Saint Mary Magdalene Church
 * Talabahan Plantation
 * Paradiso del Sur Beach Resort
 * Heroes Park
 * Canonoy Beach Resort
 * Bulobito-on Beach Resort
 * Makikiling Point Beach Resort
 * Senator Esperidion Guanco Bridge
 * Espiso Beach Resort
 * Tagda Pier
 * Linao Lake Farm Resort
 * Hinigaran Sakura Tree

title: Hinigaran


text: User talk:195.194.244.222

title: User talk:195.194.244.222


text:
Hinoba-an

Hinoba-an, officially the Municipality of Hinoba-an (formerly Asia ), is a 1st class municipality in the province of Negros Occidental, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 60,865 people.

Hinoba-an is the southernmost town of the province. It is bounded on the north by Sipalay City and Candoni; on the south by Basay, Negros Oriental; on the east by the town of Ilog; and on the west by the Sulu Sea. The total land area of Hinoba-an is 421.50 square kilometers. It is 187 km from Bacolod and 154 km from Dumaguete, the capital of Negros Oriental.

The town is home to the Magahat language, the indigenous language of Southern Negros as listed by the Komisyon ng Wikang Filipino. The language is vital to the culture and arts of the people.

History
Formerly a part of Cauayan, Hinoba-an was inhabited by natives called "Magabat". When immigrants from Panay came and settled in the coastal areas, the settlers began to group in the area where the town is now located. Traders visited to barter products like clothing made in Miag-ao, Tigbauan and Guimbal in Iloilo.

Spanish authorities did not occupy Hinoba-an during their time in the province since the area was still a jungle. It was visited only by people from Cauayan and the neighboring towns for hunting purposes, hence no important events were recorded about the coming of the Spaniards in the town until the early 20th century.

In the early 1900s, Don Estanislao Bilbao, a Basque émigré and patriarch of the Bilbao clan---one of the area's prominent families, begun a decades-long process of settling an area south of where Hinoba-an would come to be. In a few years, a significant plot of land had been rehabilitated to which thousands of germinating coconut husks were planted in precise rows. Maturing and bearing crop in under a decade, once coastal wilderness was transformed into copra producing land. Paddy fields were likewise developed further inland close to irrigation sources.

The subsequent grant of landownership, along with the total absence of government due to the area's remoteness, it became the basis for Don Estanislao's provisional administration of the people and the place. He became the area's primary, if not for a time, sole employer. As a matter of moral imperative and practical necessity, he also became the de facto Judge and Sheriff, adjudicating upon and enforcing common law.

Through his marriage to Felicidad Rivas—a patrician heiress to a similarly homesteaded parcel of land nearby, Don Estanislao doubled the size of the holding. Hand-in-hand with Dona Felicidad, they lorded over a highly productive agricultural expanse that, from points north to south, ostensibly stretched for miles on end. The couple's lifelong beneficence and philanthropy endeared them to the local populace making the Bilbao name well-respected and well-loved. Sons Joaquin and Francisco, and daughter-in-law Teresa, have each been elected town's mayor. Today, the Bilbao's have governed the municipality for a collective span of over thirty years.

When the Americans landed in Negros during World War II, Hinoba-an became a historical point of entry by the combined U.S. and Philippine Commonwealth military forces. Col. Salvador Abcede, district commander of the 7th military district, established his island headquarters in this town during the Japanese occupation.

Col. Jesús A. Villamor, aboard submarine USS Gudgeon (SS-211), landed at Ubong Point and occupied Ubong Cave as command post supply food and arms to guerillas.

After Liberation, Hinoba-an was rehabilitated by some of its pioneering residents. More settlements were established, schools were built, trails developed for the people's convenience in going to places and in transporting their local produce to nearby towns and villages. There was also a huge influx of Cebuano-speaking people during this time.

Barangays

Hinoba-an is politically subdivided into 13 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

 * Alim
 * Asia
 * Bacuyangan
 * Barangay I (Poblacion)
 * Barangay II (Poblacion)
 * Bulwangan
 * Culipapa
 * Damutan
 * Daug
 * Po-ok
 * San Rafael
 * Sangke
 * Talacagay

Demographics
The people of Hinoba-an predominantly speak Cebuano and Hiligaynon, which are used interchangeably every day. Tagalog and English are also understood to some extent.

Tourism
Salvacion Cave along the vicinity of pebbled beaches of Barangay Talacagay has a natural covered pools ideal for bathing.

Ubong Cave is where the late Col. Jesús A. Villamor, hero of World War II landed bringing firearms for the Philippine guerillas aboard the US Navy Submarine USS Gudgeon (SS-211) in 1942, establishing the first radio contact with General Douglas MacArthur based in Australia at that time.

title: Hinoba-an


text:
Egbert Psalter

The Egbert Psalter (also known as the Gertrude Psalter or Trier Psalter) is a medieval illuminated manuscript Psalter preserved in the municipal museum of Cividale, Italy (Ms. CXXXVI). The psalter is an example of the illuminated manuscripts associated with the Ottonian Renaissance.

It was originally created around the year 980 by the monks of the Abbey of Reichenau (a monk named Ruodprecht is mentioned in the original dedication) for Archbishop Egbert of Trier. In the mid-11th century, the book passed to Gertrude of Poland, wife of Iziaslav of Kiev. She included her prayer book as part of the codex and commissioned its illuminations, which curiously blend Byzantine and Romanesque traditions.

In the 12th century, the codex was in the possession of the Andechs-Merania family, and was given to Elizabeth of Hungary either by her mother, Gertrude of Merania, or by her aunt, Saint Hedwig of Andechs. According to a 16th-century note on folio 8r, Saint Elizabeth gave the codex to the cathedral of Cividale in 1229.

The book features a large picture of Apostle Peter venerated by Gertrude and her son Yaropolk, whose Christian name was Peter. It is known that Yaropolk was the first to build a church to St Peter in Kiev and that he placed an image of that saint on his coins. In 1075 he was sent by his dethroned father to Rome in order to secure the Pope's support in recompense for bringing Russ (Ruth) under the patronage of St Peter ("patrocinium beati Petri"). There are two letters of Pope Gregory VII to the king of Poland and to Svyatoslav II of Kiev admonishing them to return the Kievan throne to Iziaslav.

title: Egbert Psalter


text:
Isabela, Negros Occidental

Isabela, officially the Municipality of Isabela, is a 2nd class municipality in the province of Negros Occidental, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 64,516 people.

Isabela is known for BISCOM (Binalbagan Isabela Sugar Company) located in nearby Binalbagan town.

In 1951, the barrios of Magallon, Odiong and Guinpanaan were separated from Isabela and formed into the town of Magallon (now Moises Padilla).

Isabela is 80 km from Bacolod.

Barangays
Isabela is politically subdivided into 30 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

 * Amin
 * Banogbanog
 * Bulad
 * Bungahin
 * Cabcab
 * Camangcamang
 * Camp Clark
 * Cansalongon
 * Guintubhan
 * Libas
 * Limalima
 * Makilignit
 * Mansablay
 * Maytubig
 * Panaquiao
 * Barangay 1 (Poblacion)
 * Barangay 2 (Poblacion)
 * Barangay 3 (Poblacion)
 * Barangay 4 (Poblacion)
 * Barangay 5 (Poblacion)
 * Barangay 6 (Poblacion)
 * Barangay 7 (Poblacion)
 * Barangay 8 (Poblacion)
 * Barangay 9 (Poblacion)
 * Riverside
 * Rumirang
 * San Agustin
 * Sebucawan
 * Sikatuna
 * Tinongan

Festival
"Tigkalagkalag" is celebrated on the evening of Nov. 2 every year in the town of Isabela. The Pana-ad victory of Tigkalagkalag (Kalag-Kalag) festival is expected to boost the attraction of this unique festival that began in Purok Manacup beside the public cemetery in Isabela town where people would have fun during the night of All Souls Day that was capped with a beauty pageant called Search for the White Lady, this is the same of San Juan Balete Drive {Lost Soul}. It spun off into the municipal festival under former Mayor Renato Malabor, when the town was searching for a festival that was going to be its tourism plank.

Tigkalalag festival of Isabela turned what otherwise are morbid concepts of coffins, candelabras and crashing tombs into a whimsical, tightly designed, skillfully-choreographed presentation that sent it howling to success in yearly competition of all the festivals of Negros Occidental. Tigkalalag is Hiligaynon for All Souls' Day.

Notable personalities

 * Lt. Cesar Basa, World War II pilot and hero. First Filipino aviator killed during aerial combat.
 * Allan K., actor-comedian/TV host/entrepreneur

title: Isabela, Negros Occidental