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Ian Beale

Ian Beale is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera EastEnders, played by Adam Woodyatt. He is the drama's longest-serving main character and one of four remaining original characters, the others being his mother Kathy Beale (Gilian Taylforth), Sharon Watts (Letitia Dean) and Tracey (Jane Slaughter). The character appeared in his 2,000th episode in the show on 26 March 2007, and his 3,000th on 27 May 2016. Woodyatt took an extended break from EastEnders on 22 January 2021. He made appearances on 12 December 2022 and 22 June 2023, prior to a full-time return on 22 August.

Ian is the most-married character in EastEnders history, with six marriages to five women: Cindy Williams (Michelle Collins), Mel Healy (Tamzin Outhwaite), Laura Dunn (Hannah Waterman), twice to Jane Collins (Laurie Brett), and Sharon Watts (Letitia Dean), and two aborted engagements to Mandy Salter (Nicola Stapleton) and Denise Fox (Diane Parish). He has fathered three children (Peter, Lucy and Bobby), raised Cindy's son Steven Beale (who he believed to be his) and was the guardian of Cindy's youngest daughter, Cindy Jr. Ian is the owner of 45 Albert Square, traditionally represented within the series as the family home of the Beale and Fowler family, and in 2020, he bought The Queen Victoria public house for Sharon.

Storylines
As a teenager, Ian argues with his father Pete Beale (Peter Dean) over his desire to become a caterer but his grandmother Lou Beale (Anna Wing) encourages him. He starts several businesses and buys a local café soon after graduating from catering college. Ian has several failed romances, including with his childhood friend, Sharon Watts (Letitia Dean). Sharon becomes interested in Simon Wicks (Nick Berry), who was believed to be Ian's half-brother, but they remain close friends. When his cousin Michelle falls pregnant, he is initially suspected to be the father by Pete and Kathy. He starts a relationship with Tina Hopkins (Eleanor Rhodes) and the pair decide to move in together, renting one of Kelvin Carpenter's (Paul J. Medford) father Tony Carpenter's (Oscar James) flats. Ian eventually loses his virginity to her, to his glee. Ian and Tina break up when Tina's parents make an unannounced visit and are unhappy with their living conditions, so they take Tina to Ilford. Ian's uncle Kenny Beale (Michael Attwell) and cousin Elizabeth Beale (Lucy Bayler) visit from New Zealand and Ian and Elizabeth taking a liking to each other, but they break up when Elizabeth constantly flirts with men and she returns home. Ian begins to develop a relationship with Donna Ludlow (Matilda Ziegler), not knowing she is his half-sister until his mother Kathy Beale (Gillian Taylforth) tells him she was raped as a teenager and gave Donna up for adoption.

Ian gets engaged to Cindy Williams (Michelle Collins) in 1989; however, a one-night stand with Simon leaves her pregnant. Cindy marries Ian and claims that the baby she is expecting, Steven Beale, is his, resulting in Ian attempting suicide when he learns the truth. He recovers and causes Simon to have a car accident in revenge so Simon, Cindy and Steven leave Walford together. Ian immerses himself in his catering business but his exploitative working practices alienate his friends, employees and family. He and Cindy later reconcile and Ian is overjoyed to become a father to twins, Peter (Ben Hardy) and Lucy Beale (Melissa Suffield/Hetti Bywater). After opening a fish and chip shop, Ian becomes so obsessed with building his business empire that he neglects Cindy, who decides to leave him for his half-brother, David Wicks (Michael French). Ian wins custody of their children, and makes Cindy so miserable that she hires John Valecue (Steve Weston), a hitman to kill him. Ian is shot but is only clipped by the bullet and recovers. Cindy leaves the country with Steven and Peter and spends a year in Italy before Ian traces them and retrieves the boys. Cindy returns to Walford and wins back custody of the children but is implicated in Ian's shooting. She is jailed on remand and dies several months later in prison during childbirth.

Ian has a serious romance with Melanie Healy (Tamzin Outhwaite), the manager of his bric-a-brac shop. She proposes to him but later cheats on him with Steve Owen (Martin Kemp). Suspecting that she is planning to leave him, Ian manipulates her by falsely claiming that Lucy is dying from lymphoma. They marry in 1999, but she leaves him during their wedding reception after discovering that Lucy is fine. Ian then pursues a new business venture: development of high-market flats. He begins a casual relationship with his nanny, Laura Dunn (Hannah Waterman), but only commits to her after being declared bankrupt. Laura buys back the fish and chip shop and, despite fearing that Ian is only interested in an inheritance she has received, they marry in May 2001. Their marriage deteriorates when Ian attempts to kiss Mel. He refuses to have a child with Laura, who frequently belittles him. Steven learns that Ian has been visiting local prostitute Janine Butcher (Charlie Brooks), and tells Laura, before moving to New Zealand to live with Simon. Laura forgives Ian on the condition that they have a baby. Although he agrees, Ian has a secret vasectomy and throws Laura out when she becomes pregnant later that year after conning her into signing over control of their businesses.

Laura's son Bobby (Kevin Curran) requires a blood transfusion shortly after his birth, making Laura realise that Ian must be his father, as her lover Garry Hobbs (Ricky Groves) is not a match. Laura dies in 2004, breaking her neck after falling down the stairs. Ian takes custody of Bobby and also takes in his half-brother Ben Mitchell, following the death of their mother. Ian fights Ben's father Phil Mitchell (Steve McFadden) for custody, worsening their long-standing enmity which stems from Phil's disastrous marriage to Ian's mother Kathy. Ian meets a new romantic interest, Jane Collins (Laurie Brett), in 2004. He helps her to come to terms with the death of her husband, David Collins (Dan Milne) from Huntington's disease, and, although their relationship is severely tested when Jane has a brief affair with Phil's brother, Grant Mitchell (Ross Kemp), they marry in July 2007. Steven returns to Walford and stalks Ian, escalating to holding him hostage for several weeks. He accidentally shoots Jane during an altercation, which results in her needing a hysterectomy. Ian forgives Steven but banishes him from his life when he helps Lucy run away. Ian and Jane temporarily separate over Ian's reluctance to adopt a child. When Lucy falls pregnant, she suggests that Jane raise the baby as her own. Jane and Ian agree but he secretly helps Lucy to have an abortion, lying to Jane that she miscarried. Jane later learns the truth and decides to steal Ian's money and leave him. Ian arranges for her to adopt Bobby, and is devastated to discover Jane's plans. Although she decides to remain with him, Ian begins an affair with Glenda Mitchell (Glynis Barber), who later blackmails Ian, forcing him to confess the adultery to Jane. A disgusted Peter leaves Walford and joins Lucy in Devon. Jane and Ian divorce but continue to live together; however, their acrimony upsets Bobby and Jane leaves Walford in May 2011 as a result. Ian attempts to move on by filling an urn with cigarette ash, pretending that he is a widower and that the ashes are Jane in order to gain attention from women. However, his ruse is soon uncovered.

Feeling dejected, Ian goes to a strip club in August 2011 and is stunned to see Mandy Salter (Nicola Stapleton) being thrown out. Ian helps Mandy out and allows her to stay with him. Mandy helps Ian discover his more frivolous side and he realises he has feelings for her. They begin a relationship, realising that they both yearn for someone to love them, and Mandy accepts Ian's impromptu marriage proposal. Following the death of relative Pat Evans (Pam St Clement), Ian's daughter Lucy returns to Walford, angry at Ian for not telling her about Pat's death. She decides to move in with her father and takes a disliking to Mandy. The relationship is marred by Mandy's one-night stand with Ricky Butcher (Sid Owen), Ian's insecurities, interference from Mandy's abusive mother Lorraine Stevens (Victoria Alcock), and Lucy's hatred of Mandy. Despite Lucy's best efforts to split them up, Ian is determined to marry Mandy and brings their wedding day forward. Mandy is horrified, however, when Ian chooses her over Lucy and throws his daughter out. Realising she does not love Ian, Mandy leaves him in May 2012, leading to Ian suffering a nervous breakdown. He wanders along a road barefoot, dressed only in pyjamas, not telling anyone where he has gone.

Two months later, Lauren Branning (Jacqueline Jossa), working with homeless people, sees Ian at a homeless shelter. Tanya Cross (Jo Joyner), Max Branning (Jake Wood) and Alfie Moon (Shane Richie) find him and bring him back to the Square but Lucy is unsympathetic, angered by his leaving her and Bobby, and slams the door in his face. Ian refuses to acknowledge anyone. He stays with Tanya and Max until Phil finds out he is back and takes him to his house to ensure he does not tell anybody about Ben murdering Heather. Ian continues to be unresponsive until Phil's partner Shirley Carter (Linda Henry) mentions Heather, and his memory returns. Ben attempts to help Ian by taking him to the café, but Lucy screams and has him physically removed. Ian, extremely miserable, collapses in tears outside, while Phil worries that Ian will remember that Ben murdered Heather. After Sharon returns to Walford, she successfully persuades Lucy to give Ian another chance. Lucy agrees but on the condition that Ian signs all of his businesses over to her so that if Ian abandons her again she can be financially secure. Ian agrees to this. Ben confesses to murdering Heather and is remanded in custody, leaving Ian shocked. He starts working again at the café and getting back into his old life. Phil then gets Ian to visit Ben in prison to try to get him to retract his confession, but Ian says he cannot tell Ben what is right. Eventually, Zainab Khan (Nina Wadia) persuades Ian to attend counselling in an attempt to recover from his mental breakdown and, after talking to Sharon, Lucy finally makes peace with her father.

Ian sparks a friendly rivalry with Denise Fox (Diane Parish) as the two engage in a fruit-selling war, though he irritates her. Denise's sister, Kim Fox (Tameka Empson), attempts to set them up on a date but this upsets Denise, who kisses Kim's boyfriend Ray Dixon (Chucky Venn). Kim discovers this and disowns her sister, so Ian allows Denise to stay with him, igniting a friendship between them. It eventually leads to a relationship when he confides in her about his life on the streets. Ian decides to open a restaurant, though Lucy is worried it will fail because of his mental illness. He runs out of money for construction but then finds a box of cash that used to belong to Derek Branning (Jamie Foreman). He also gets Janine to invest in the restaurant, and eventually tricks Lucy into signing over all of the businesses to him. Peter (now played by Ben Hardy) returns to live with the family, and is soon followed by Cindy Williams (Mimi Keene), the daughter of Ian's dead ex-wife of the same name. Ian lets Cindy stay, and Denise also moves in with the family. However Carl White (Daniel Coonan), an associate of Derek, arrives in Walford and soon works out that Ian has spent Derek's money. Carl claims the money was his, and so extorts large sums of cash from Ian as payback. Carl is violent, and burns Ian's hand when he tries to refuse to pay him before promising that the debt will be paid if Ian lies in court, and says that he saw Max tampering with the brakes of Carl's car. Ian reluctantly agrees, but on the day of the court case he is kidnapped by Phil, and Max is found not guilty. It is then revealed that Max was in on the kidnapping, but it was just to lure Carl into a trap. Ian then has to face the consequences of his actions, and Denise is angry when she finds out the truth.

Denise thinks that Ian is planning to propose to her as a Christmas present, but he denies it even though he has bought an engagement ring. Peter reveals that he is in a relationship with Lola Pearce (Danielle Harold), the mother of Phil's granddaughter and Ian's niece, Lexi Pearce. Phil threatens Ian and forces him to end the relationship. Ian tells Peter this, and Peter tells Ian that he has found £10,000 that Cindy stole from Phil. They return the money, and Phil blames Ian, believing that he put Cindy up to stealing it. In January 2014, just as Ian is about to propose to Denise, Jane arrives unannounced. Jane later buys into Ian's restaurant and they begin running it together, leading Ian to harbour feelings for Jane.

Ian is pessimistic when Lucy decides to set up her own property business and later becomes concerned about her when he discovers she is sleeping with Lee Carter (Danny Hatchard) and is taking cocaine. He confronts her and admits she is the child he is most proud of, but this is overheard by Peter, resulting in Lucy storming out. Ian tries to contact her when she does not return home that night, but is later informed by DC Emma Summerhayes (Anna Acton) and DS Cameron Bryant (Glen Wallace) that Lucy has been found dead. He identifies her body and then shares his devastating news with Jane, Denise, Cindy, Bobby and finally Peter. Struggling with their grief, Ian and Jane share a passionate encounter, giving Ian hope that they might reunite. When Jane dashes his hopes, Ian takes his anger out on Bobby and Jane decides it would be best if she take Bobby away for a while. Cindy also leaves the Square to return to Devon with her aunt, Gina Williams. Increasingly alone, Ian leans on Phil for support and questions how he can move on from his daughter's death. With Peter's help, he stages an opening for the new and improved restaurant, but during opening night Summerhayes reveals that Lucy's body has been released for burial. Ian leaves early with Peter to see her, but is unable due to his grief. He wants to organise the funeral for as soon as possible but discovers that Max and Lucy were together; Ian angrily attacks Max as he carries Lucy's coffin down the aisle of the church and it is clear that Ian is not coping. Worried, Sharon believes that he is relying on pills to numb the pain of his grief and she and Carol Jackson (Lindsey Coulson) comfort him.

Ian receives texts from Rainie Cross (Tanya Franks) that he hides from Denise. It is later discovered that he paid Rainie for sex on the night Lucy died, and, knowing that he has given a false alibi to the police, Rainie demands money to fund her drug addiction. When Ian cannot pay Rainie, she comes to Walford and tells Patrick Trueman (Rudolph Walker) what Ian did. Patrick confronts Ian and decides to tell Denise so Ian arranges a surprise trip to see Denise's daughter Libby Fox (Belinda Owusu) in Oxford, and they leave before Patrick can tell Denise. Patrick suffers a stroke and he is unable to communicate what happened to Denise. Ian meets Rainie at her request but Mick Carter (Danny Dyer) sees them together. When Ian drives away, Rainie approaches Mick who is then arrested and charged for soliciting a prostitute.

Ian tries to convince Denise to put Patrick in a care home, fearful of his secret. However, he eventually agrees that Patrick can live with them. Rainie tells Denise the truth, but before Ian can explain to Denise, Cindy makes a sudden return, already several hours into her labour. Ian delivers her baby daughter, and agrees that she can live with him. Denise moves out, refusing to forgive Ian for his actions when she discovers that Patrick knew and that Ian was willing to put Patrick in a care home to keep his secret. Concerned for Ian, Sharon and Phil organise for him to visit Michelle in America. Ian returns on Sharon's wedding day to try to stop her marrying Phil. Jane returns with the news that Bobby is missing—he is found on Walford Common—he wants to return to Walford and Jane agrees. She falls for Ian again and proposes to him at the Christmas Eve carol concert. They plan their wedding for next February.

Ian and Jane get married in the restaurant with their friends and family as witnesses. After Lauren tells Peter that she believes Lucy was murdered by a member of the family, he accuses them of killing Lucy. Jane admits that Bobby accidentally killed Lucy by hitting her over the head with a jewellery box. Though Bobby believed that Lucy was still alive, Jane realized she was dead and covered up her murder by faking a mugging. Ian, Jane and Cindy decide to cover up Lucy's murder however Peter does not agree to do this. Ian, Jane, Bobby and Beth go on holiday for Ian and Jane's honeymoon, and Peter leaves Walford along with Lauren. A few weeks later, Ian and the rest of the Beales return to Walford and reunite Beth with Cindy, but Cindy believes that she is not a capable mother and abandons Beth at the park, but she is picked up by Ian's great nephew Liam Butcher (James Forde). Ian and Jane agree to adopt Beth, but Cindy decides she does not want to be in the same house as her baby, so says that if she is not adopted into a different household, she will tell everyone Bobby killed Lucy. After Beth is taken in by her paternal relatives, Ian tells Cindy to leave and not come back. Jane pays Carol to look after Cindy and Ian finds out from Carol after an argument with her. On the day of Cindy's school prom, Ian reveals this to Cindy. After Cindy gets into a car with two strange men, feeling she has no home, a concerned Ian phones the police. After Cindy returns, Ian tries to convince her she is wanted and Liam convinces her to give her family a chance, so she and Ian make up. Ian and Jane are upset to learn about a new lead in the murder investigation but they still plan silence even after Ben is arrested in the hope that he is released. However, when Max is arrested and charged for the murder, Jane begins to contemplate telling the truth when she feels guilty for not being able to help Carol prove Max's innocence. Ian is adamant that Bobby's role in the murder will not be made public and confronts Sharon when she discovers the truth. Max is found guilty and sentenced to 21 years in prison.

Ian puts Bobby in a private school, hoping that it will help with his anger problems. However, to pay for it, Ian decides to sell his restaurant to a supermarket chain, causing the locals to protest. Ian eventually decides not to sell, meaning Bobby must leave the school, even though he is happy there and doing well. Bobby overhears Jane talking about Bobby leaving the school and when she stops him going back to the school, he hits her over the head with his hockey stick three times, leaving her in a critical condition. He tells Ian in the pub that he has killed Jane, just like he killed Lucy, within earshot of everyone in the pub. After Bobby is questioned about the assault, he confesses to the police that he killed Lucy. They are reluctant to reopen the case but Ian is horrified when Bobby says he still has the murder weapon.

Bobby is charged with unlawful killing and denied bail. He is sent to a youth detention centre until his next hearing the following week. Ian then goes to see Jane in hospital, where she tells him she knows about Steven returning and the Beale family is better off without her, ending her and Ian's relationship. Bobby is sentenced to three years custody. A week later, after visiting Bobby in prison and telling him not to appeal his sentence, Ian receives a threatening note from Max, saying that he will never forget what Ian did. Ian worries when Max returns, but Max tells him and Jane that he has forgiven them. Ian is thrilled when Michelle returns. He starts to worry about his health when he has a medical check-up and he is told that his BMI is high. Michelle crashes her car into Ian's fish and chip shop, for which he has no buildings insurance. Max's employer eventually purchases the chip shop, despite it arousing Ian's suspicions.

Ian and Jane are devastated to hear that Steven has a brain tumour, but he has been lying about this in a desperate attempt to stay with Lauren. Jane discovers Steven's lie and that Max has not really forgiven them and is secretly planning revenge. In a bid to get rid of Jane, Max forces Steven to kill her. As a result, Steven sets fire to the restaurant, trapping Jane inside. Steven tries to save Jane, but is violently shoved into a table by Max, who leaves Jane to die. However, while Jane is rescued, Steven dies from a liver bleed. Ian, Kathy and Lauren are shocked when they learn that Steven did not really have a brain tumour. After Jane comes out of her coma, Max forces her to leave Walford with Ian, but James Willmott-Brown (William Boyde), who is working with Max, orders Max to ensure that Ian remains in Walford, so Max blackmails Jane into leaving Walford alone. Ian allows Lauren and Louie to move back in with him and tells Lauren's sister, Abi Branning's (Lorna Fitzgerald), about making Beales into a franchise to pass onto Louie, so Abi tells him that she is pregnant with Steven's baby, but Ian does not take the news well. Later, Lauren warns Ian to watch his back as Max may be out for revenge, and a broken Max visits Ian and says he will kill him and Phil for making him suffer in prison. Ian tries to escape but Max attempts to strangle Ian with fairy lights as Lauren and Louie come home. On Christmas Day, Tanya returns to Walford and reveals to Stacey and Abi that Jane told her that Max killed Steven, news which Abi relays to Lauren, Kathy and Ian. Ian attacks Max in the street but Max overpowers and punches him.

In February 2020, Ian discovers that Sharon's teenage son, Dennis Rickman Jnr (Bleu Landau), has been bullying Bobby (now played by Clay Milner Russell) for his Islamic faith, which results in Bobby being hospitalised, following an Islamophobic attack. Enraged, Ian confronts Dennis during The Queen Vic boat party and angrily locks him in a cabin following a bitter row. However, when Phil and Keanu's fight leads the boat to crash, Ian instantly goes to rescue Dennis; despite Ian's best efforts, Dennis dies and Ian is left feeling guilty. Dotty Cotton (Milly Zero) knows Ian imprisoned Denny and blackmails Ian, although she changes her mind at the funeral, she tries to persuade Ian to be brave enough to confess.

Ian develops feelings for Sharon and he uses Max's money to buy The Queen Vic for her. However, his feelings are not reciprocated. He steals money from a charity set up by Bobby in order to try and frame Max for fraud. Ian is attacked in The Vic by Phil who was asked to do so after Sharon learns about Ian's role in Dennis’ death. Sharon and Kathy rush him to hospital where they learn he has a bleed on his brain. Fearing he is going to die, Ian proposes to Sharon—telling her that she always the one he wanted all his life—who accepts his proposal. Kathy asks Sharon to get the marriage annulled once Ian is better, but she disagrees and vows to be there for Ian. After Phil fails to kill Ian because of Phil saying that Ian will always be family, Sharon mixes lithium into Ian's Christmas pudding to poison him. After that fails, she poisons his many cups of tea. Later, Phil changes his mind and agrees to help Sharon murder Ian and they plan to make it look as if Ian has committed suicide, with Phil buying cocaine for Sharon to mix into his dinner after planning a romantic evening. However, Ian finds out the truth and confronts Sharon about her plan to kill him, just before he is about to eat her poisoned pasta. Sharon reveals she knows about his part in Dennis' death and calls him weak and cowardly. She adds that Ian is a hated man and that he deserves to die. A devastated Ian agrees and starts to eat the poisoned food. Willing to let him die at first, Sharon has a change of heart and makes Ian throw up the food, thereby saving his life. She ends her marriage to him and goes to Phil, telling him if he wants Ian dead so desperately, he will have to kill Ian himself. By the time Phil reaches The Vic, Ian has left the Square. Off-screen, Ian later sends Sharon an annulment and makes her the sole owner of the pub, although Sharon returns the Vic to Mick and Linda Carter (Kellie Bright) a few days later. Nearly two years later, Ian returns to Walford, and is seen hiding in the bushes outside a church, watching Dot Branning's (June Brown) coffin be carried inside on the day of her funeral. He is tearful and utters to himself: "Goodbye Dot. I'll miss you". He then answers a call from his new partner and returns home. He is not seen by any of the other funeral goers.

In June 2023, Kathy's fiancé Tom "Rocky" Cotton (Brian Conley) asks Bobby to contact Ian as Kathy wants him present at their wedding. It is later revealed that Ian is living in France with Peter (played again by Thomas Law) and has also reunited with his first wife Cindy, who is now going by the pseudonym "Rose Knight", after faking her death 25 years prior in a witness protection scheme, due to giving information about her criminal inmate, Jackie Ford. Cindy's witness protection officer reveals that Jackie has died and Cindy can resume her former life. Ian decides to return to Walford but Cindy refuses, leading to an argument and Ian suffers a heart attack. He later watches a video that Bobby has sent Peter, which shows Cindy's ex-husband George Knight (Colin Salmon) is now living in Walford as the landlord of The Queen Vic, with his and Cindy's daughters Gina (Francesca Henry) and Anna (Molly Rainford). Two months later, Peter returns to Walford after Bobby tells him Kathy is selling the chippy. Cindy and Ian soon follow. Ian tries to convince Cindy to return to France, but she is shocked when she spots George on Anna's 21st birthday. Cindy and Ian rush into the Vic where the residents are shocked to see them. Later, Sharon apologises to Ian for trying to kill him and they make amends. Ian later visits Kathy and Rocky where they are stunned to learn about Cindy's connection to the Knight family.

Creation
Ian Beale is one of the original 23 characters written by the creators of EastEnders, Tony Holland and Julia Smith. Ian is a member of the first family of EastEnders, the Beales and Fowlers, and Holland took the inspiration for some of the series' earliest characters from his own London family and background. Ian's original character outline as written by Smith and Holland appeared in an abridged form in their book, EastEnders: The Inside Story.

"There is a pressure from home to do well at school and he may be a bit worried that he's not doing as well as they hope. The shadow of his father (however fictional the image is) and the pressure to be a man's man and a chip off the old block might cause trouble in the future. A point is going to be reached when Ian is going to have to assert himself as himself. He can't allow his father to live his life, by proxy, through him. Or, maybe he can...? (page 56)"

Because the actress playing Ian's mother Kathy (Gillian Taylforth) was fair-haired, they also wanted him to be fair, and because of Taylforth's age he also had to look very young. Ian was meant to be 14 years old when the programme first aired, but because of licensing regulations, the actor cast was required to be a 16-year-old who could "play down". Adam Woodyatt, born in East London, had worked as an actor in his youth, but had given it up and relocated with his family to Wales. He was recruited from his old agency and it was decided that he was perfect for the part and he was subsequently cast as Ian Beale. In 1990 Ian's age was increased and he celebrated his 21st birthday two years after his 18th. The producers felt Ian needed to be a bit older and more mature for storylines planned for him later that year.

Longevity
Ian has gone on to be the longest running character in the soap's history. Woodyatt confirmed his desire to remain with the show in 2010, during the show's 25th anniversary: "Why would I want to leave when I'm not going to get the chance to portray even half the range of emotions I get to here in a one-off drama or a six-part series? And you're not going to get the same viewing figures either. You have your moments when things go wrong and you perhaps don't want to work with a certain person. In any office there are going to be people who don't get along but you get on with it and on the whole I enjoy it. Over the last couple of years we've had a really tight crew and it's the best atmosphere I can remember. There have been peaks and troughs, like with any show, but right now things are good."

Characterisation
Ian has been described as a character viewers love to hate. His initial storylines portrayed him as a sensitive young boy with professional aspirations that went against his father's wishes. Not content to follow in his father's footsteps and take over the family fruit and veg stall, Ian wanted to become a chef and this caused a certain amount of hostility between him and his father, who viewed the occupation as effeminate. Ian's keenness to succeed in his business ventures continued as the character grew, so much so that he started using underhand methods in order to get what he wanted and became one of the soap's most renowned "slimeballs". The character is regularly referred to as a "weasel" in the British press.

Author Dorothy Hobson has described Ian as a typical Thatcher's child, a term used to reference children who grew up under the Conservative government of the 1980s and who adopted an ideology, such as personal financial gain, self-sufficiency and disregard of the welfare of those who are less well-off. As a result, Hobson suggests that Ian is "young, ambitious, rich and unhappy", which she claims is a perfect reflection of the spirit of the age.

In her book, Who's Who?, Kate Lock described Ian as "wimpy, perhaps not what you'd call a man's man [...] trying to turn Walford into the capital of Capitalism [...] Somewhere along the line, Ian evolved into an obsessive, obnoxious money-monster [...] Ian always pretended to be magnanimous, doing things for the community [...] but it's inspired by self-interest."

Hobson suggests that Ian's saving grace is that he is a "passionately caring father" and Woodyatt has suggested that Ian is a chameleon, a description he claims former Executive Producer Louise Berridge used to describe the character. Woodyatt commented in 2010, "Whatever [Louise Berridge] wanted Ian to do, she'd find a way of justifying it. It's true. He can be nice to his family but he can be devious with them as well. He can stitch people up but can be very generous. You can get away with doing anything with Ian. It's probably why I'm still here."

Cindy Beale
Obsession with success has been an underlying theme with the character for almost the entire duration of the show, but the acceleration of Ian's nasty side can be traced back to his disastrous first marriage to one of EastEnders' most renowned women, Cindy Beale in 1989. The storyline centred on Ian's discovery that the child he thought was his (Steven), was actually fathered by his best friend, Simon Wicks. The climax of this revelation was known to script-writers as the "Devon cottage climax" and aired in September 1990. The episode saw an enraged Ian trace Cindy and Simon to her parents' house in Devon, just after being released from hospital following a suicide attempt. The script, written by Debbie Cook, led to a confrontation that EastEnders' writer Colin Brake has suggested contained elements of tragedy and farce. Brake suggests that a particularly memorable scene included Ian furiously throwing bricks through the window of the house, followed by one of his crutches. The episode ended ominously with Ian finding Cindy's father's shotgun and stealing it. Directed by Matthew Evans, Brake suggests that these episodes not only brought the story to a shocking climax but also laid roots for the next three months' worth of storylines, building up to Cindy and Simon's departure, and Ian's spectacular fall from grace.

Author Dorothy Hobson has described Ian and Cindy's relationship as "one of the most tempestuous in any soap opera". The characters were reunited on-screen in 1992 but the relationship ended in adultery once again when Cindy began an affair with Simon's brother and Ian's half-brother, David Wicks, which culminated in Cindy hiring an assassin to shoot Ian in 1996 after he discovered the affair. Michelle Collins who played Cindy commented in 1996, "[Cindy] was not thinking properly when she contacted the hitman, and she is being quite erratic. Despite what she has done she never expected Ian to be so cruel to her. Now she cannot really see any other way out of the mess she is in. She has lost touch with reality – but in the end she can't see any other way of escaping Ian." More than 18 million viewers tuned in to see Ian gunned-down, which was more than sixty-four per cent of available viewers. The plot facilitated Collins' desire to leave the programme following the birth of her child, and Cindy, implicated in the shooting, fled the country with Ian's two sons.

Departure and reintroduction alongside Cindy
In August 2020, it was announced that Woodyatt would be taking an "extended break" from EastEnders. A show insider told Digital Spy that his departure would be "part of a big storyline" and that it is "unclear how long [his break] will be". Ian departed in scenes broadcast on 22 January 2021. In May 2021, Woodyatt made an appearance on The One Show, where he was asked how long his break would last. Woodyatt explained that he is starring in a theatre production until October 2021 and would then be attending his daughter's wedding in America; he did not know a specific date for his character's return, but stated it will be 2022 "at the earliest". In October 2021, he stated that his return will air in mid-2022. However, in November 2021, Woodyatt revealed that he had no plans to return to the show and did not know when or if he would be going back. He made an exception for the on-screen funeral of Dot Cotton in December 2022, following the death of actress June Brown earlier that year.

It was reported on 19 May 2023 that Woodyatt would be returning to the show on a permanent basis in a storyline accommodating the return of Cindy, who was to make a return after 25 years, resurrecting her character from the dead. It was confirmed by the BBC on 21 June 2023, following the airing of Cindy's return that, Woodyatt would indeed return on a permanent basis later in the summer alongside Collins. A day later, Ian made his onscreen return after two-and-a-half years away.

Reception
Ian was voted one of the top five television characters "we most love to hate" in a Channel 4 poll in 2001. In 2009, Ian Beale came ninth in a poll by British men's magazine Loaded for "Top Soap Bloke". Woodyatt has received a number of award nominations for his portrayal of Ian, including a Best Actor nomination at the 2010 British Soap Awards and a nomination for Best Performance in a Serial Drama at the 2012 National Television Awards. In 2013, Woodyatt received the British Soap Award for Lifetime Achievement at the 2013 ceremony. Following thirty years of service to EastEnders, Woodyatt was awarded with his first Best Actor accolade at 2015 British Soap Awards. At this ceremony, he also won Best On-Screen Partnership alongside Laurie Brett.

Author Dorothy Hobson has stated that Ian Beale is a "major creation" capturing the personification of political attitudes taken up during the Conservative government of the 1980s. She suggests that Ian Beale is a "major representation of a young man" of that era, and that his sensitive portrayal by Adam Woodyatt is "perhaps unrecognised". Roz Paterson of the Daily Record branded Ian "eminently unlovable" and stated that Melanie proposing to him represented a growing trend in women proposing. Holy Soap said that Ian's most memorable moment was "His attempted murder in the Square". In 2009, Virgin Media called Ian "the most boring and selfish man in Walford" and felt that he deserved to lose his wife, Jane. In 2020, Sara Wallis and Ian Hyland from The Daily Mirror placed Ian ninth on their ranked list of the best EastEnders characters of all time, writing that Ian "has the resilience of a cockroach - and also, some would say, the charm".

title: Ian Beale


text:
Jesús Villasante

Jesús Villasante is the head Net Innovation Unit of the Communications Networks, Content and Technology (Connect) Directorate General in the European Commission.

He read Telecommunications Engineering at the Technical University of Madrid in Madrid, Spain and later obtained a master's degree in Public Management from the Université libre de Bruxelles in Brussels, Belgium.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Jesús Villasante


text:
Wikipedia talk:Conservation status

Comparison with ICUN system
"Loosely" based on the IUCN system? Looks more like a bunch of vaguely defined categories we made up. This looks lie it needs a lot of improvement by sombody who knows what they're doing. Brianjd | Why restrict HTML? | 13:40, 2005 Jun 3 (UTC)

 * Every category except Secure, Prehistoric, and Fossil are directly taken from the IUCN 1994 categories. They have very specific criteria for each category, too, even if those criteria are not mentioned here.
 * Presumably, species are categorised according to their IUCN category if one of the main ones, Prehistoric/Fossil if they fall before IUCN classification, or Secure if they are too common to be even considered by the IUCN. -- Wisq 13:54, 2005 Jun 3 (UTC)
 * Is there any difference between Prehistoric, Fossil and Extinct? From our point of view maybe, but it seems a totally artificial distinction in terms of the animal itself. The phrase 'Conservation status: Fossil' doesn't make much sense either. I think it would be better to unify them under Extinct. Agentsoo 15:06, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

 * This page defines categories without stating that they follow the IUCN criteria. It doesn't make sense! Brianjd | Why restrict HTML? | 10:26, 16 July 2005 (UTC)

 * This has been fixed. Brian Jason Drake 07:26, 7 November 2005 (UTC)

Thought to be extinct
There should be a distinction between species that are known to be extinct and species that are only thought to be extinct.

The ivory-billed woodpecker is now critically endangered, having come back from extinction. You can't come back from extinction, except by actually having one or more of your species actually return from the dead, which no one has claimed. The standards for stating that a species is 'extinct' should be high. Robert McClenon 23:57, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure what distinction you're making. The current guideline for extinct says: "is presumed to have died beyond reasonable doubt." I'm not an expert, but I assume there can't be any absolute certainty and so all species "known" to be extinct are actually only "thought" to be extinct. --Dmcdevit·t 00:31, July 16, 2005 (UTC)

 * Right. And in the case of the IUCN Red List (what our categories were based on), if they just don't know, it gets reclassified from Extinct to Data Deficient.  There is no "maybe extinct", there's only "we're pretty certain it's extinct" and "we don't have enough information to say either way". — Wisq 06:30, July 16, 2005 (UTC)

The latter is not true. The BirdLife "Critical (Probably Extinct)" category will probably be adopted by IUCN when they next revise their criteria (the BirdLife redlist has somewhat superceded the IUCN list for Aves, since it is continually updated on-line and not revised annually). At any rate, "DD" (data deficient) denotes that no clear indications of threat exist (precautionary principle). The classical DD species are newly described taxa from seldom-visited areas scuh as the mountain ranges of New Guinea. -- Dysmorodrepanis 18:50, 7 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Not to be adversarial, but that means it is true until they next revise their criteria. :) And I've certainly seen species move from "EX" to "DD" (as well as "EX" to "CR").  While I agree DD can mean just about anything, these are presumably cases where they aren't actually certain it's extinct any more.  What I don't know is if that's because they have no info and can't be certain any more, or because they've had unconfirmed sightings, or their extinction certainty criteria changed, or what. – Wisq 22:52, 8 February 2006 (UTC)

 * I think moves from EX to DD are based on reassessment of taxonomic status or whatnot rather than on genuine reassessment of conservation status, or due to changes in redlist criteria. EX is a classification which at least nowadays can only apply for taxa where sufficient information is known to preclude DD status in the first place. As a rule of thumb, DD means "virtually unknown, maybe EN, but probably VU or LR". Anything they suspect to be CR or worse was moved out of DD by 2004, at least for birds IIRC.
 * I updated the page with more on CR (PE) and will add a peer-reviewed ref later. Dysmorodrepanis 03:27, 26 September 2006 (UTC)

Non-fossilized state
What is a "non-fossilized state"? Brianjd | Why restrict HTML? | 08:27, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

 * A "non-fossilized" state is basically one that has been preserved, I suppose? It seems difficult to obtain information on this. How could this happen, apart from low temperatures? Have past humans preserved anything? Brian Jason Drake 11:08, 7 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Simple to answer: time. Fossilization is a process usually taking many tens of thousands of years at least (depending on local conditions). It results in replacement of organic by anorganic material. Remains in the intermediary state (soft tissue degraded, bones being mineralized) are called subfossil. There are hardly any subfossil remains older than the Holocene, and such preservation is virtually impossible in remains from earlier than the Late Pleistocene. Even then, the only conceivable conditions for non-fossilized preservation would require extreme dry cold or heat and displacement in a tectonically inactive area in a shaded, secluded spot (like a cave in the desert or an Antarctic mountainside). -- Dysmorodrepanis 18:57, 7 February 2006 (UTC)

How many specimens in non-fossilized state?
Based only on my reading of the two versions in this edit:
 * Only one specimen needs to be in a non-fossilized state, making the second version misleading and perhaps incorrect.
 * The second version is too complicated anyway. Brianjd | Why restrict HTML? | 04:34, 4 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I changed it back to indicate that only one specimen needs to be in a non-fossilized state. Brian Jason Drake 10:26, 7 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Changed to significant part of hypodigm. I don't want some kiddy to put T-rex on "Prehistoric" just because they found some rotten collagen mush in a piece of amber. Dysmorodrepanis 03:27, 26 September 2006 (UTC)

General caveat
I noticed this when reviewing literature on post-settlement pre-contact extinctions in the Pacific: generally, the term used by scientists is "fossil" even if it is technically a subfossil. One can, e.g. safely assume that at least one specimen of any sufficiently documented extinct avian taxon found in a Central/Eastern Polynesian Lapita site would, with sufficient care, yield sequencable DNA or dateable collagen: in any case extraction of organic material has been attempted, it has succeded. Yet these specimens are habitally referred to as "fossil". Basically, the border between "fossil" and "prehistoric" can be drawn somewhere around 40-50 KYBP. I expanded the article to point this out. -- Dysmorodrepanis 14:01, 8 February 2006 (UTC)

Output text
Can anyone change the output text for "pre" to Extinct (Late Quaternary) please? Thanks. (This should reduce the confusion when some kiddie does not understand "hypodigm" ;-D ) Dysmorodrepanis 03:41, 19 April 2007 (UTC)

Unnecessary inclusion of conservation status for common domestic animals and humans
The text box prominently stating "Conservation status:secure" shown in the text box for humans and common domestic animals is unnecessary. When I see an obvious fact like this in a such a prominent place in an article such as cat or human I feel it degrades the quality of the article. It's like adding "Gender:Male" at the top of a text box for an article about the Pope.

It could also be seen as not NPOV if one considers that the conservation status of a species is not necessarily the most interesting thing about it and in some cases is entirely obvious. By including this information prominently in all articles about animals, including common ones, one is given the impression that the authors of the articles wish to remind the reader of the importance of conservation of endangered species. Considering that preserving species is controversial in many cases as it involves a balance of interests between human activites (farming vs ecotourism for example), this is definitely POV. By the same reasoning, including "Gender:Male" in an article about the Pope would tend to imply the POV that female Popes should be allowed, or that the Church is sexist.

 * See discussion at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Tree of Life. Gdr 18:05:52, 2005-08-12 (UTC)

"Domesticated" status
Perhaps we should create a "Domesticated" conservation status, including animals such as the Cat, Dog, and Dromedary camel, which are classified as extinct in the wild because all remaining individuals of that species are domestic or feral. It just seems better than listing the dromedary as extinct in the wild, considering that there are around 2.5 million domestic dromedaries. Bart133 (t) 22:47, 10 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Agree. "Extinct in the wild" implies that the animal is only kept in limited captivity situations (zoos, preserves), and that reintroduction attempts may be in progress.  "Domesticated" implies that they only live in proximity to humans (any sort of proximity, possibly in great numbers), and that humans have no intent to reintroduce any wild populations. — Wisq 17:41, August 11, 2005 (UTC)

 * Are there any animals that live both in the wild and in close proximity to humans? This is particularly significant where we use very general terms such as "cat". Brianjd | Why restrict HTML? | 15:48, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

Definition
"The criteria are authoritative and should be used directly."

"Secure (SE) or Domesticated: no immediate threat to the survival of the species. This category overlaps Least Concern but has been applied to humans and domesticated animals, for which the IUCN criteria are not valid. Examples: Human, Cat, Dog, Llama."

What criteria? What is the difference between "secure" and "domesticated"? What about animals that are only domesticated in some places or for some periods of time? Brian Jason Drake 10:08, 7 November 2005 (UTC)

Can somebody explain why humans are considered domesticated? On the human page, the conservations status is secure, not domesticated. Somebody needs to change one or the other!

Interlanguage links
Someone just removed all but one of the interlanguage links and changed the remaining one to be in the Wikipedia namespace. The edit is here. Brianjd | Why restrict HTML? | 08:42, 10 September 2005 (UTC)

Fossil
"Fossil: not a conservation status as much as an indication that the species is only known from the fossil records. Examples: Tyrannosaurus rex, Ammonite."

I would say it's not a conservation status at all. Animals with the conservation status "Fossil" should really be labelled "extinct" or "data deficient". Brian Jason Drake 10:05, 7 November 2005 (UTC)

 * No, because they are not known from tissue remains and "data deficient" means something completely different anyway. Dysmorodrepanis 03:27, 26 September 2006 (UTC)

Least Concern
"Lower Risk (LR): Has been evaluated but does not qualify for Vulnerable, Endangered, or Critically Endangered. ... Least Concern is thus a catch-all category which includes common species as well as those for which there may be conservation concern, but which do not warrant a higher category."

"Examples: ... LRlc: Leopard, Orca."

It appears that this includes what we call "secure" or "domesticated". Brian Jason Drake 10:14, 7 November 2005 (UTC)

 * It probably does, yes. This is one of the categories from the Red List, which has no "secure" (or otherwise) categories.  Hence, there presumably needed to be somewhere to stick the things they've assessed, but found no (immediate) threat for. – Wisq 22:57, 8 February 2006 (UTC)

Plague or Thriving Category
I think the word "secure" can be further refined. Secure conjures up numerical stability; equilibrium with the environment. Some species are above equilibrium, and are growing in numbers exponentially. Humans would be an example. --35.10.47.197 16:43, 9 December 2005 (UTC)

 * There could be a marker for mega-invasive species like the velvet tree, but humans are through with this since c.1200 AD. Dysmorodrepanis 03:27, 26 September 2006 (UTC)

Template reference
I belive this data is usefull here, I copied it from WikiProject_Tree_of_Life/taxobox_usage -- unknown contributor

 * Updated to new syntax Dysmorodrepanis 03:27, 26 September 2006 (UTC)

Conservation status may optionally be included; you can search the IUCN's database of threatened species to find the conservation status of many organisms. It is included via the status argument, which takes a code or template.

| status = code

or

| status = EX | extinct = year

Use the first syntax (with one of the codes below) except for extinct animals when you wish to show the year of exinction. The code may be all upper or lower case, but the cases used in the table are preferred.

You may come across the old syntax for conservation status also:

| status =

If you find a taxobox like this, you can safely replace the template with the corresponding code, see also taxobox status.

The following status codes are available (the third column shows the corresponding template, but this is obsolete and the code is preferred):

 * Notes:
 * Not a valid IUCN Red List category.
 * | status = fossil is deprecated in favour of | fossil_range = start-end:

The stratigraphic range for groups known as fossils may also be included, using the fossil_range argument. For instance, for a group known from the Cambrian to the Permian, For groups that still exist, the second period should be given as "Recent" or as "Holocene" for Late Quaternary extinctions such as moa, and the current status should be indicated using the status argument. For groups that only existed during a single period, simply list it without giving a range.
 * fossil_range = Cambrian–Permian

To add a reference for the status, you can use

 | status_ref =

See IUCN for the arguments you need to supply to that template. And don't forget that   requires a corresponding <tt> </tt> in the References section.

Alternatively, you can cite the reference by any other way you prefer (especially if it is a source of further information for the article) or link an authoritative online reference directly.

Examples and categories
I do not think it is good to list the deprecated format first. Dysmorodrepanis 03:34, 26 September 2006 (UTC)

Questions
As far as I am aware, "secure" status is nowhere defined. It probably should be, since, depending on how literally you take the doomsday clock, the fate of the human species (not to mention all those that depend on them for protection and reproduction) could easily be considered far from secure.

Second, the color codes are cheesy, and should probably be replaced with black boldface, or my own personal favorite, italics.

71.102.186.234 5:11 p.m., November 26, 2006 (PST)

Request for Clarification
There's a debate now on Talk:Chinese_River_Dolphin about the situation of that animal. Please advise. Thanks. Xiner 01:13, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

Conservation status template
Could someone more knowledgeable correct this templateTemplate:Conservation status? Should it conform to the wikipedia standard or the Red List? Someone added "Functional Extinction" as a conservation classification (when its clearly not, according to both standards. in fact, even the functional extinction wikipage says to use "critically endangered" for functionally extinct species). went ahead and removed the category. Jemecki 19:15, 18 December 2006 (UTC)
 * I feel that "functionally extinct" is a good description for a functionally extinct species. Furthermore, the functional extinction wikipage is new, having been set up in the wake of the (presumed) extinction (if one can call it extinction) of the baiji. Therefore, more thought and discussion need to be given to this new category to determine whether or not it is worthwhile. —  Rickyrab | Talk 00:41, 20 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Furthermore, the wikipage said that "critically endangered" may be used under IUCN standards. While the style guidelines say to use IUCN categories "directly when applicable", sometimes non-IUCN classifications explain status better than IUCN classifications, and the baiji is one of those cases. —  Rickyrab | Talk 00:55, 20 December 2006 (UTC)
 * There are maybe 5-10 cases where taxa could be reasonably classified as functionally extinct, if indeed so many. Strictly speaking, it applies only in cases where nothing but sexually incompatible individuals of a sexually reproducing organism exist. I know (off-hand) no animal that would presently warrant such a classifications; the only species that come to mind are some species of palm trees. Not even the baiji - this should actually be the first mammal species for which the new BirdLife category PE (critically endangered, possibly extinct) would apply. It exactly fits the criteria: survival unknown, if survives population is very very small, but might be sufficient for the species' survival (in the case of the baiji I think probably not sufficient, because inbreeding depression can be assumed to be significant in this species - its life-history and demecological parameters all fit the bill for the group of spp where inbreeding depression becomes a major problem at population sizes of a few 100 mature individuals already). Dysmorodrepanis 12:25, 25 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Personally I have no problem with "Functionally extinct" being listed within the template, as it is a valid way to describe a population's conservation status. However, this shouldn't be confused with the conservation status on the taxobox where it should NOT be used, as "Possibly Extinct" or "Critically Endangered" can be used instead, and because no authority uses "Functionally Extinct" as an actual category. What goes in the template does not have to conform with what goes in the taxobox. —Pengo 05:06, 26 January 2007 (UTC)

Objections to status as "Consensus"
There should be a space to at least be able to voice doubts about this system. To start, the idea of "conservation status" and the categories therein are non-neutral. They imply that all animals are the subject of conservation, that is, the need of human protection. How about tapeworms? Human lice that depend only on humans for survival? Smallpox? I need to look those up. And the lowest category is "least concern." That implies that all species are subjects of concern. Not all animals are subjects of conservation. A lot of animals are getting along just fine without us.
 * You misunderstand the scope and purpose of conservation status classifications. With the new system used on WP, it becomes clear that the conservation status is according to some organization's (such as the IUCN) classification system. See for example the Butchard/Stattersfield/Brooks paper here which introduces a new category not subject to the IUCN system. See also the NatureServe classification system which has a "Secure" category, etc.
 * Plentiful species, namely invertebrates, are usually "Not Evaluated" according to IUCN. Dysmorodrepanis 12:07, 25 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the explanation. Indeed it makes more sense to use this system only on threatened species.  What makes the issue confusing is that despite this intent, this classification system has been used on articles of non-threatened species, as others have noted some above (e.g., humans, domesticated animals, brown/Norweigan rats). I believe the classification system would carry more weight if it were used more judiciously / with more restraint. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 156.56.197.66 (talk) 18:26, 25 January 2007 (UTC).
 * Yes. I agree with some of your points. I tried changing "conservation status" to "population status" once, but that apparently has a different meaning, and people seem to like "conservation status"... any other suggestions? The "Least Concern" category is an unfortunate name, and I wish the IUCN would use names like NatureServe such as "Apparently Secure" (G4) and "Secure" (G5). I don't think non-threatened species should have the conservation status removed though, as it shows they have been assessed. However, many plant species have been given a default "Secure" status on Wikipedia which doesn't seem to have come from any authority, or at least I've never come across a reference for any "secure" plant species. The wikipedia-specific conservation status of "domestic" should probably not be used at all, as a domesticated animal can still have their wild populations threatened with extinction (e.g. golden hamster and axolotl). It's pretty difficult to change large numbers of taxoboxes though and to push change. —Pengo 04:59, 26 January 2007 (UTC)
 * I agree; in cases where I find no mention of taxonomic status for wild population, I have fallen back on using NE. Dysmorodrepanis 05:57, 27 January 2007 (UTC)

NatureServe
The C qualifier... is it synonymous to IUCN EW? If so, it could be easily implemented. Dysmorodrepanis 01:34, 21 April 2007 (UTC)

IUCN Red List status
An IUCN representative contacted me, asking if I could make a minor change to Template:Taxobox so that "(IUCN Red List)" is shown instead of "(IUCN)" when conservation data comes from the IUCN Red List. In order to keep discussion together, please leave any comments at Template talk:Taxobox. Thanks, – Quadell (talk) (random) 13:50, 7 December 2007 (UTC)

How Do I Make The Little Boxes?
When editing an article how do I get the little boxes like these? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Status_iucn3.1_EN.svg —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.52.246.234 (talk) 00:08, 9 January 2008 (UTC)

 * It happens automagically when you correctly fill in the "|status=" field. - UtherSRG (talk) 00:22, 9 January 2008 (UTC)

Two separate conservation status classifications in taxo box
Is it possible to have two separate conservation status classifications in the taxo box? For example the IUCN system and a system for a particular country. -- Alan Liefting- ( talk ) -

 * Currently not. Best put the details in the article text.

 * I'd like to see a template for an out-of-taxobox conservation status box if there's demand for it, which could include details such as subspecies and multiple systems, and maybe other details (e.g. trend, year assessed).

 * Alternatively a telescopic taxobox (with show/hide) could mean enlarging the conservation status area to include multiple systems would be less of an issue.

 * What do people think of these options? —Pengo 07:39, 28 February 2008 (UTC)

 * There would be a call for up to three separate conservation classification system I would guess but I suspect one (IUCN Red List) would be commonly used, if any are used at all. I would like to see the ability to display up to three systems at once in the taxo box. The IUCN system is the most comprehensive and so it should be displayed in unison with other systems. It would also mean that automatic assignment to separate categories for the separate classification systems could be done. -- Alan Liefting- ( talk ) - 06:13, 29 February 2008 (UTC)

"pest" status
Am I correct in thinking this is not a conservation status? What would things that are considered pests be classified as?--Marhawkman (talk) 07:15, 30 April 2008 (UTC)
 * "Pest" has nothing to do with conservation. There are species in every category that are regarded as "pests". - UtherSRG (talk) 07:27, 30 April 2008 (UTC)

 * A pest is a species that is considered too plentiful resulting in conservation (or agricultural or health) issues. The species that are treated here are those that are threatened with extinction, generally due to human activity. See also conservation status. -- Alan Liefting ( talk ) - 10:21, 30 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Ahh, I see. I was mentioning it since many non-native species in the "Least concern" category are also considered pests.--Marhawkman (talk) 11:32, 30 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Pests are almost by definition a plentiful species. It would therefore follow that they would be in the least concern category. -- Alan Liefting ( talk ) - 21:15, 30 April 2008 (UTC)
 * "over plentiful" was what had me wondering. IE a species that is expanding rapidly and inbalancing the ecosystem further.--Marhawkman (talk) 09:04, 1 May 2008 (UTC)

New IUCN Red List (2008) released
As the title suggests, a new IUCN Red List (2008) update has been released. We now need a new template based on the IUCN 2006 template for 2008. Could someone create this, please? If non-admins can do this, I'll try to figure it out. (I'm relatively new and have never created a template before.)

Thank you for your time. - Visionholder (talk) 15:55, 6 October 2008 (UTC)

 * It wasn't difficult to create the new template, so I created it using the 2006 template code with appropriate modifications. If I did everything properly, an admin might want to look it over and restrict editing privileges sometime soon.  - Visionholder (talk) 16:44, 6 October 2008 (UTC)

Prehistoric history
In a lot of parts of the world, species have gone extinct before 1500, but well within periods of clear historical records. It seems odd to have a species listed as prehistoric, and then potentially have the article full of historic references to it. Conversely, in other regions a species may have become extinct in prehistoric times since 1500. Why not define prehistoric in terms that relate to the meaning of the word, or find another word for the category? 190.42.148.248 (talk) 23:33, 27 June 2012 (UTC)

New Zealand Threat Classification System (NZTCS) needs updating
Or maybe I just need some help. In any event, I have a species that is, "At Risk - Naturally Uncommon." There is no 'At Risk' nor 'Naturally Uncommon' category, so shoul I put "RR = Range Restricted?" Does the template need to be updated? I can't even find the template, nor am I the best at coding, but I'd appreciate someone helping me sort this all out. Nessie (talk) 16:27, 2 February 2018 (UTC)

Can I switch out the IUCN conservation assessments?
I generally work on tropical plants. Most of the IUCN assessments for tropical plants were complied by Americans in 1998 and are horribly badly researched/done. I see that other editors use Nature Serve for the USA and something else for Australia. Looking at this page I conclude apparently only organisations from rich English-speaking Western nations get to decide on conservation status... Seems biased! I would like to propose switching out the assessments with those of the Centro Nacional de Conservação da Flora for those plants native or largely native to Brazil. Regarding dipterocarps, the Malaysian Red List is miles better than the IUCN. SANBI in South Africa also published better stuff for that region than the IUCN. India is also in the process of setting up something comprehensive. (originally posted here) Cheers, Leo  86.83.56.115 (talk) 16:16, 4 August 2019 (UTC)
 * This was further discussed at WT:WikiProject_Plants/Archive70 added. An option for the SANBI Red List of South African Plants has also now been added (see section below). — <span style="font-family:Arial;background:#d6ffe6;border:solid 1px;border-radius:5px;box-shadow:darkcyan 0px 1px 1px;"> Jts1882 | talk 09:57, 31 October 2023 (UTC)

Adding the Red List of South African Plants conservation status system to the Taxobox
Hello there, South Africa is a megadiverse country and has fully assessed the status of its entire flora; 20 456 indigenous plant taxa were assessed and each given a conservation status. 13 265 of the assessed flora are endemic species in South Africa. The majority are not in the IUCN Red List. Please see: Red List of South African Plants and the WikiData property: Wikidata:Property proposal/Red List of South African Plants conservation status. What is required to get it recognised in the Taxobox as a status system? Thank you, Maqdisi (talk) 07:24, 31 October 2023 (UTC)
 * I've added the system. Example at Geissorhiza splendidissima. I've used RLSAP to indicate the system, but not sure if this abbreviation is used. Might it be better to use SANBI?
 * I think this should only be used for endemic South African plants. — <span style="font-family:Arial;background:#d6ffe6;border:solid 1px;border-radius:5px;box-shadow:darkcyan 0px 1px 1px;"> Jts1882 | talk 09:44, 31 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Thank you so much for adding it. And yes, the plan is to only use it for entries that are endemic, that don't have an IUCN status. As for the abbreviation, I don't know which would be better to be honest; but if you search for RLSAP, nothing relevant comes up. Perhaps, SANBI would be better? But I'll leave the choice up to you. Thank you, Maqdisi (talk) 11:58, 31 October 2023 (UTC)
 * 13 articles are already using SANBI and another 45 have SANBI in status_system. Go with SANBI since it's already in use. Plantdrew (talk) 17:54, 31 October 2023 (UTC)
 * OK. I've changed it to use SANBI for the status system and display "SANBI Red List. — <span style="font-family:Arial;background:#d6ffe6;border:solid 1px;border-radius:5px;box-shadow:darkcyan 0px 1px 1px;"> Jts1882 | talk 08:50, 1 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Thank you, I appreciate it, Maqdisi (talk) 08:54, 1 November 2023 (UTC)
 * @Jts1882, is it possible to use the categories from here:
 * https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Red_List_of_South_African_Plants_Category_diagrams
 * as the SANBI one is slightly different to the IUCN one in terms of the scale, as seen here:
 * http://redlist.sanbi.org/redcat.php
 * Regionally Extinct is a category. Vulnerable is considered Threatened (Red colour). Non-IUCN categories include Critically Rare, Rare, and Declining. Thank you, Maqdisi (talk) 09:06, 1 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Updated.
 * I've added the graphics for the categories with the full graphic (i.e. all categories with one highlighted). I'll note that we probably shouldn't use the regionally extinct one as those are not endemic, but perhaps there are special cases where it might be justified.
 * I haven't added the categories with the simple circle graphics: DDT, DDD, and Rare. I can add them if required, although the data deficient ones are not particularly useful.
 * Some of the other conservation systems have Wikipedia categories. These could be added if someone creates the categories, e.g. Category:SANBI Red List vulnerable biota or Category:SANBI Red List vulnerable species.
 * The documentation at taxobox/species needs updating. I keep meaning to do this for new status systems but tend to keep putting it off.
 * Any questions? — <span style="font-family:Arial;background:#d6ffe6;border:solid 1px;border-radius:5px;box-shadow:darkcyan 0px 1px 1px;"> Jts1882 | talk 11:31, 1 November 2023 (UTC)
 * I can't think of anything else at the moment, but thank you for what you've done so far. If I think of anything, I'll let you know. Maqdisi (talk) 13:05, 1 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia talk:Conservation status


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Slyck was a website that produced and aggregated file sharing news stories, as well as offering a forum for users.

History
Ray Hoffman began operating Slyck.com as Slyway.com in 2000, which initially was an aggregate news site with some original content, and contained guides to the most popular file-sharing resources at the time, whilst providing statistics of P2P file sharing networks, which included Napster, iMesh, Scour, Usenet and IRC. On the 10th of August 2001, Slyway was renamed Slyck.

Impact
Due to the lack of mainstream news coverage on P2P topics, file sharing, and discussion of copyright legislation, Slyck had a significant impact as a news site: New Scientist cited Slyck as a "popular file sharing news site", Digital Audio Essentials (2004) referred to Slyck as "an excellent resource" for news and information on file sharing, and in Steal This Computer Book 4.0 (2006) the site was considered to be "up to date on the latest file sharing technology and news".

Content
The website conducted interviews with file sharing software developers and intellectual property role players, maintaining statistics of P2P file sharing networks, and notably shed light on the developing conflict between file sharing users and intellectual property owners, which covered the legal battle against copyright and intellectual property infringement, such as the takedown of torrent websites like LokiTorrent and Suprnova.org, events that were covered in mainstream media from input by the intellectual property owners, which lacked the views of file sharing users which Slyck coverage aimed to represent. Notably, Slyck extensively covered BitTorrent website The Pirate Bay, and the efforts by Swedish and other national authorities to shut down and prosecute the founders and operators of The Pirate Bay. Slyck covered other news topics such as rollout of broadband Internet, new and emerging technologies, device hardware, and advances in computer networking.

Slyck news writers were able to interview notable individuals such as:
 * Michael Weiss of StreamCast, Nir Arbel of SoulSeek, and Pablo Soto of Optisoft S.L and Kevin Hearn  of WinMX were interviewed regarding their software and P2P networks.
 * Jon Lech Johansen, nicknamed DVDJon, was interviewed, regarding the DeCSS software that allowed for DVD discs to be played on the Linux Operating System, and allowed for development of duplicating software for DVD discs.
 * Muslix64, a software hacker who first circumvented the AACS protection scheme for HD DVD and Blu-ray discs, discussed his reasons for the circumvention of the Digital Rights Management software.
 * Dean Garfield, then head of the MPAA's legal team, was interviewed by Nicholas Parr about the MPAA's legal campaign against movie piracy.

Legal threat
In March 2010, Slyck was threatened with legal action by the controversial  UK law firm ACS:Law for defamation, due to comments made by forum users on Slyck.com's UK file sharing Allegations/Lawsuit Discussion sub-forum. Nothing came of the threatened legal action.

Current status
By June 2016 Slyck had ceased publishing new news articles, with the last file-sharing news article being posted on 16 June 2016.

As of April 2020, Slyck is no longer accessible. The final archival by the Wayback Machine is dated 8 March 2020.

title: Slyck.com


text:
User:Wish~enwiki

The names wish and i love this web site!

title: User:Wish~enwiki


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Farabaugh

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was speedy delete. - Mailer Diablo 15:21, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Farabaugh
nonsense

 * No need to waste our time > Speedied. - Mailer Diablo 15:21, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text: User talk:84.230.94.17

title: User talk:84.230.94.17


text:
Eilat Airport

Eilat Airport (שְׂדֵה הַתְּעוּפָה אֵילַת; مطار إيلات ), also known as J. Hozman Airport, was an airport located in Eilat, Israel. It was named after Arkia Airlines founder Yakov Hozman (Jacob Housman) and was located in the center of Eilat adjacent to Route 90 (The Arava Road). Due to its short runway and limited capacity it mainly handled domestic flights from Tel Aviv (Sde Dov Airport and to a lesser extent Ben Gurion Airport) and Haifa Airport, while Uvda International Airport, located some 60 km north of the city, handled Eilat's international carriers.

The airport was expected to cease operations on October 27, 2018, with the opening of the new Ramon Airport. However, the opening of the new airport was delayed until January 21, 2019.

Following the inauguration of Ramon Airport located approximately 20 km north of the city, Eilat Airport ceased operations on March 18, 2019. The new, larger airport now handles all of Eilat's domestic and international flights as Uvda Airport also ceased receiving civilian traffic upon the opening of Ramon Airport.

History
Eilat Airport was established in 1949 by the Israel Air Force, following the 1947–1949 Palestine war. During its early years, the airport aimed to establish a comprehensive set of connections to towns across the country, most notably with Tel Aviv and Haifa. Consequently, a regular route from Eilat to Lod Airport (now Ben Gurion International Airport) was started. Soon after, a route to Haifa Airport became operational. In December 1950, following their establishment, Arkia Israel Airlines became the largest domestic operator at Eilat Airport, taking the position of the former companies Eilata and Aviron. To this day, they retain this position. Later, in 1964 the runway was expanded to 1500 m, and a passenger terminal was built. Five years later, the runway was further expanded increasing the length to 1900 m. In 1975, Eilat Airport started to attract Scandinavian airlines. The first international flight arrival to Eilat, of the Danish airline, Sterling Airlines landed in this year. Since then, many international routes have been established directly linking Eilat with Europe, however, the airport is still unable to handle landings of large aircraft which have to fly to Uvda International Airport.

In the 1994 Peace Agreement between Israel and Jordan it was decided that operations were supposed to be transferred from Eilat Airport to Aqaba Airport. The original plan was to rename Aqaba Airport as Aqaba-Eilat Peace International Airport. The agreement was never followed, however, and an agreement between the two countries in March 1997, stipulated that domestic flights would continue to use Eilat Airport, whilst no further action to move international flights took place.

In August 2005, a Katyusha rocket fired from Jordan landed near a taxi traveling just 15 yd from the airport perimeter fence. On August 8, 2013, the Israeli Military instructed the airport to cancel all landings and departures after a security assessment. Militants in Egypt's Sinai Peninsula had fired rockets towards the city in recent years, but it was not immediately clear if that was the reason for the closure.

Final years of service
During its latest period of service, Eilat Airport sustained peak loads concentrated into Thursdays, Saturdays, and Sundays. On Thursdays and Sundays, flights were handled in a period of a few hours in the mornings and on Saturdays only the evening hours were used. Often there were days when 10,000 passengers on 120 flights were channeled through the 2,800 m2 terminal, which counted as one of the highest peak loads worldwide in this category.

International passenger traffic decreased from magnitude of 20,000 a year in late 2000s to 5,000 a year in 2010s. Most international traffic to Eilat was handled by Ovda Airport instead, while Eilat Airport handled about 1.5 million domestic passengers per year. A little more than half of them flew to or from Sde Dov Airport in Tel Aviv (which itself was closed several months after the closing of Eilat Airport), while the rest flew mostly to Ben Gurion Airport, with smaller numbers to Haifa Airport.

Although the airport was capable of handling Boeing 767 aircraft, for large numbers of these aircraft, significant investment would have been needed. Consequently, the largest aircraft that regularly flew to the airport were Boeing 757. The main problem at the airport was the lack of ramp space, with just two parking positions for large aircraft. As a result, El Al operated regular shuttle flights to Ben Gurion International Airport carrying passengers from around the world on 757s and 737s.

The small size of the airport is perhaps best illustrated with the fact that a Boeing 757 could not taxi past another aircraft to parking positions. As a result, controllers were responsible not only for ensuring that valuable space was utilised, but also for ensuring that other aircraft were kept circling until larger aircraft were parked. Despite these limitations, the airport successfully handled ten to twenty times more traffic than airports of a comparable size. It is for this reason that plans to relocate the airport were so important in the short-term scale. In 2006, a NIS 5.5 million renovation programme of Eilat Airport's terminal and runway was undertaken, designed to sustain the airport until it was replaced.

End of operations
Since the beginning of the 1990s, authorities in Eilat had considered relocating the airport out of the city limits. There were numerous reasons behind this idea, primarily the fact that safety would be improved as, in its current location, there is the chance of aircraft crashing into buildings in the city. Other reasons were the pure value of the land which the airport occupied, and the fact that the airport divided the city of Eilat into two parts with the hotels and tourist areas on one side, and the residential buildings on the other.

On 24 July 2011 the Israeli cabinet approved the construction of a new airport in Timna Valley, 18 km north of Eilat, next to Be'er Ora. Ramon Airport opened in 2019 and is named in memory of the first Israeli astronaut Ilan Ramon (who died during the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster in 2003) and his son Assaf Ramon (who died in 2009 when his F-16 fighter jet crashed over the West Bank). It has a 3600 m runway, longer than the runway in Eilat, which allows large aircraft to land.

The site after closure of the airport
Following the inauguration of Ramon Airport, Eilat Airport ceased all operations on March 18, 2019. Its land, located in the heart of the city, was expected to be used for real estate development. All in all some 750000 m2 of former airport land was to be redeveloped as part of larger plans to develop the city of Eilat. The focus of new development is planned to be on tourism. In addition to freeing up the land of the former airport itself, the closure also allowed for an end of height restriction laws affecting buildings in the vicinity. Plans called for 1,700 hotel beds and 1,920 housing units on former airport grounds. As Sde Dov Airport in Tel Aviv (which likewise occupied potentially high value real estate in a growing Israeli city) also shut down in 2019, Israel had two major projects of former airport land redevelopment going into the 2020s.

title: Eilat Airport


text:
Mitrephora

Mitrephora is a genus of flowering plants in the family Annonaceae, that are native to an area that extends from China in the north to Queensland. Plants in the genus Mitrephora are also found in southern India (Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu) and Southeast Asia.

Description
Plants in the genus Mitrephora are trees or shrubs, the young shoots covered with reddish-brown hairs. The flowers are bisexual, usually arranged singly or in small groups in leaf axils. The sepals are valvate and fused at the base. The petals are valvate, the outer petals broad, flat and spreading, the inner petals with a broadly egg-shaped or spade-shaped blade with a long, narrow hinge at the base. The edges of the blades are fused. The stamens are wedge-shaped and the anthers are hidden. There are usually many carpels containing several ovules, and the stigma is more or less sessile. The fruit is fleshy, more or less spherical and yellow, containing several seeds.

Taxonomy
The genus Mitrephora was first formally decribed in 1830 by Carl Ludwig Blume who gave it the name Uvaria sect. Mitrephorae in his  Flora Javae nec non insularum adjacentium. In 1855, Joseph Dalton Hooker and Thomas Thomson raised the genus Mitrephora in their book Flora Indica. The genus name (Mitrephora) is from Greek mitra a "head dress" and phoretos meaning to "bear" or "wear", referring to the inner petals.

Species list
The following is a list of Mitrephora species accepted by Plants of the World Online as at July 2024:

 * Mitrephora alba Ridl.
 * Mitrephora amdjahii Weeras. & R.M.K.Saunders
 * Mitrephora andamanica Thoth. & D.Das
 * Mitrephora basilanensis Merr.
 * Mitrephora cagayanensis Merr.
 * Mitrephora calcarea Diels ex Weeras. & R.M.K.Saunders
 * Mitrephora chulabhorniana Damth., Aongyong & Chaowasku
 * Mitrephora clemensiorum Weeras. & R.M.K.Saunders
 * Mitrephora diversifolia (Span.) Miq. (Queensland, Indonesia, New Guinea)
 * Mitrephora endertii Weeras. & R.M.K.Saunders
 * Mitrephora ferruginea Boerl. ex Koord.-Schum.
 * Mitrephora fragrans Merr.
 * Mitrephora glabra Scheff.
 * Mitrephora grandiflora Bedd.
 * Mitrephora harae H.Ohashi
 * Mitrephora heyneana (Hook.f. & Thomson) Thwaites
 * Mitrephora imbricatarum-apicum H.Okada
 * Mitrephora keithii Ridl.
 * Mitrephora korthalsiana Miq.
 * Mitrephora kostermansii Weeras. & R.M.K.Saunders
 * Mitrephora lanotan (Blanco) Merr.
 * Mitrephora longipetala Miq.
 * Mitrephora macclurei Weeras. & R.M.K.Saunders
 * Mitrephora macrocarpa (Miq.) Weeras. & R.M.K.Saunders
 * Mitrephora maingayi Hook.f. & Thomson
 * Mitrephora monocarpa R.M.K.Saunders & Chalermglin
 * Mitrephora multifolia Elmer ex Weeras. & R.M.K.Saunders
 * Mitrephora obtusa (Blume) Hook.f. & Thomson
 * Mitrephora pallens Jovet-Ast
 * Mitrephora petelotii Weeras. & R.M.K.Saunders
 * Mitrephora phanrangensis Weeras. & R.M.K.Saunders
 * Mitrephora pictiflora Elmer
 * Mitrephora poilanei Weeras. & R.M.K.Saunders
 * Mitrephora polypyrena (Blume) Zoll.
 * Mitrephora reflexa Merr.
 * Mitrephora rufescens Ridl.
 * Mitrephora samarensis Merr.
 * Mitrephora simeuluensis Weeras. & R.M.K.Saunders
 * Mitrephora sirikitiae Weeras., Chalermglin & R.M.K.Saunders
 * Mitrephora sorsogonensis Elmer ex Weeras. & R.M.K.Saunders
 * Mitrephora sukhothaiensis Leerat., Chalermglin & R.M.K.Saunders
 * Mitrephora sundaica Weeras. & R.M.K.Saunders
 * Mitrephora tomentosa Hook.f. & Thomson
 * Mitrephora uniflora Weeras. & R.M.K.Saunders
 * Mitrephora vittata Weeras. & R.M.K.Saunders
 * Mitrephora vulpina C.E.C.Fisch.
 * Mitrephora wangii Hu
 * Mitrephora weberi Merr.
 * Mitrephora williamsii C.B.Rob.
 * Mitrephora winitii Craib
 * Mitrephora woodii Weeras. & R.M.K.Saunders

.

title: Mitrephora


text:
Villejuif

Villejuif is a commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 7 km from the centre of Paris.

Name
The earliest reference to Villejuif appears in a bill signed by the Pope Callixtus II on 27 November 1119. It refers to Villa Judea, the Latinized version of the Old French expression meaning 'Jewish settlement'. During the following centuries, the toponym appears as Villejuifve, that is, following the archaic French spelling of the expression with the same meaning, cognate to modern French Villejuive. The French author from the 17th century Louis Moréri indicates that the settlement was founded by Jews expelled from Paris. This idea, however, remains speculative as available medieval Christian and Jewish sources do not mention the existence of the Jewish community in this place.

Climate
Villejuif has an oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb). The average annual temperature in Villejuif is 12.4 C. The average annual rainfall is 670.1 mm with October as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in July, at around 20.5 C, and lowest in December, at around 4.9 C. The highest temperature ever recorded in Villejuif was 40.5 C on 6 August 2003; the coldest temperature ever recorded was -12.2 C on 8 February 1991.

Transport
Villejuif is served by three stations on Paris Métro Line 7: Villejuif – Léo Lagrange, Villejuif – Paul Vaillant-Couturier, and Villejuif – Louis Aragon.

Notable people

 * Camille Loiseau, the oldest person in France from 26 March 2005 to 12 August 2006, died in Villejuif aged 114
 * Komitas, Armenian priest, musicologist and composer, died here
 * David Bret, Anglo-French biographer.

Hospitals
Villejuif has several hospitals on its territory :
 * the Institut Gustave Roussy, an oncology hospital;
 * the Hôpital Paul-Brousse;
 * the Paul Guiraud hospital.

Education
13 preschools, 11 elementary schools, and five junior high schools (Collège Aimé-Césaire, Collège Guy-Môquet, Collège Jean Lurçat, Collège Karl Marx, Collège Pasteur) are in Villejuif. Lycée intercommunal Darius-Milhaud (in Le Kremlin-Bicêtre) serves Villejuif.

Other institutions:
 * EFREI
 * École Pour l'Informatique et les Techniques Avancées
 * Institut Sup'Biotech de Paris

Twin towns – sister cities
Villejuif is twinned with:
 * 🇭🇺 Dunaújváros, Hungary
 * 🇮🇹 Mirandola, Italy
 * 🇩🇪 Neubrandenburg, Germany
 * Vila Franca de Xira, Portugal
 * 🇧🇬 Yambol, Bulgaria

title: Villejuif


text:
Category:ECSS standards

A list of standards published by the European Cooperation for Space Standardization.

title: Category:ECSS standards


text:
Apsley railway station

Apsley railway station is in Apsley, on the southern outskirts of Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire, England. One of two railway stations now serving the town, the other is Hemel Hempstead just up the line in Boxmoor.

The station is 37 km north west of London Euston on the West Coast Main Line. Apsley is managed and train services are operated by London Northwestern Railway.

History
The station was designed by the architect William Henry Hamlyn and opened on 26 September 1938, to serve the paper producing area of Apsley Mill and Nash Mill. It was operated initially by the London, Midland and Scottish Railway. The station then passed on to the London Midland Region of British Railways on nationalisation in 1948.

When Sectorisation was introduced in the 1980s, the station was served by Network SouthEast until the Privatisation of British Railways.

Services
All services at Apsley are operated by London Northwestern Railway.

The typical off-peak service in trains per hour is:
 * 2 tph to London Euston
 * 2 tph to Milton Keynes Central

During the peak hours, a number of additional services between London Euston, Tring and Bletchley call at the station.

A number of early morning and late evening services are extended beyond Milton Keynes Central to and from Northampton and Birmingham New Street.

title: Apsley railway station


text: User talk:67.150.46.52

title: User talk:67.150.46.52


text:
Antero Soriano

Antero Sosa Soriano (January 3, 1888 – June 15, 1929) was a Filipino congressman, senator, and governor of Cavite from Tanza, Cavite.

Early life
Antero Soriano was born in Santa Cruz de Malabon (present-day Tanza), Cavite to Adriano Soriano and Aurea Sosa on January 3, 1886. He studied in Liceo de Manila, graduating and receiving his degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1904. He studied law in the famous Escuela de Derecho (now Manila Law College Foundation) in Manila until September 1907, when he presented himself for examination with one hundred other students before an examining tribunal nominated by the Supreme Court of the Philippines. Only five applicants passed and Soriano was one of them. He started practicing law immediately. He then became the lawyer of the Manila Railroad Company.

Political career
In June 1912, Soriano was elected governor of the province of Cavite at the age of 26. He was then re-elected in 1916. He was elected senator from the 5th District for two terms in 1919 and in 1922. He was the chairman of the committee on the Manila Railroad, chairman of the special committee on distribution of public work funds, and a member of the Senate committee on Agricultural and Natural Resources. He is also a member of a special committee appointed to investigate the alleged "land trust" in the Philippines.

He was appointed member of the Philippine Independence Mission, and upon arriving in the United States, was made Chairman of a committee to investigate the Philippine Press Bureau in Washington, D.C. and recommended its continuance.

On August 15, 1925, Soriano was elected as a representative of the at-large district of Cavite through a special election. He filled the vacancy created by the death of Rep. Augusto Reyes on July 3, days before the opening of the 7th Philippine Legislature. He was then re-elected to a fresh full term in 1928.

Death
Soriano died in office on June 15, 1929, at the age of 41 due to appendicitis. He was buried in the old cemetery in Tanza, Cavite.

Personal life
On December 5, 1907, Soriano married Gerarda Aquino but was widowed on July 12, 1914. He then remarried with Maximina Salud. He had 11 children.

Legacy
The Antero Soriano Highway, the road on the northwestern coast of Cavite, was named after him in accordance with Republic Act 5782 enacted on July 21, 1969.

title: Antero Soriano


text:
American Girl (disambiguation)

American Girl is a line of dolls, books, and accessories.

American Girl(s) may also refer to:

Film

 * American Girl (film series)
 * American Girl (2002 film), an American comedy-drama
 * American Girl (2021 film), a Taiwanese drama
 * American Girls (film), a 1918 Dutch silent film
 * Kit Kittredge: An American Girl, a 2008 American film

Literature

 * American Girl (magazine), a magazine published by the American Girl company
 * American Girl, a magazine published by the Girl Scouts of the US from 1920 to 1979
 * American Girl (book series)
 * The American Girl, a 2005 novel by Monika Fagerholm

Music

 * American Girls (band), a 1980s all-female music group
 * "American Girl" (Tom Petty song), 1976
 * "Last of the American Girls", a song by Green Day from 21st Century Breakdown
 * "American Girl" (Bonnie McKee song), 2013
 * "American Girls" (song), a 2002 song by Counting Crows
 * "American Girls", a song by FM from Indiscreet
 * "American Girls", a song by Homie from the soundtrack of the film Meet the Deedles
 * American Girl (album), a 1999 album by Juice Newton
 * American Gurl, a 2022 album by Kilo Kish

Other uses

 * American Girls Podcast
 * The American Girls (TV series), a 1978 US network television program
 * American Girl (video game series)

title: American Girl (disambiguation)


text:
Moelfre, Anglesey

Moelfre is a village, a community and, until 2012, an electoral ward on the north-east coast of the Isle of Anglesey in Wales. The community area covers the village and harbour, and several smaller, dispersed settlements. It includes six scheduled Iron Age hut groups and many other sites of archaeological interest. The harbour was formerly a local fishing port; a lifeboat station has been based here since 1854. Among many shipwrecks off the coast was that of the Royal Charter in 1859. Near the modernised lifeboat station is the RNLI Seawatch Centre. The coastline includes a rocky headland north of the village and a large sandy beach at Lligwy Bay, both traversed by the Anglesey Coastal Path. The 2011 census measured the village population as 710. It was estimated at 614 in 2019.

Location
The village of Moelfre wraps around a small harbour sheltered from the north by a headland and the rocky island of Ynys Moelfre. Also within Moelfre Community are the more dispersed settlements of Marian-glas, Llanallgo, Brynrefail and Mynydd Bodafon. It had a population of 1,064 at the time of the 2011 UK census. The village today has 502 households and 5 per cent unemployment. The Royal Mail postcode begins LL72. The main road through the community is the A5025, which is a five-minute drive from the village. The nearest mainline railway stations are in Bangor and Llanfairpwllgwyngyll. These can be reached in under half an hour by bus services which run through the village.

Heritage
The meaning of the Welsh name is "bald" or "barren hill", which refers to the land behind the village, as seen from the sea. The name has the same origin as that of the Malvern Hills.

Archaeology
The Community of Moelfre has 14 Scheduled Ancient Monuments, which is more than any other in Anglesey. The majority are prehistoric and include a neolithic burial site and a standing stone. However six of them are Iron Age settlements, suggesting a well-settled landscape by the time the Romans arrived. Three of the monuments (denoted in the table by ) are in the care of Cadw. These are signposted from the road, have public access and explanation boards at the site. Other scheduled monuments may or may not be visible from roads or footpaths, and have no automatic right of access.

Maritime history
The headland north of Moelfre was the site of the wreck in 1859 of the steam clipper The Royal Charter near the end of its voyage from Australia to Liverpool. A memorial on the headland and an obelisk in Llanallgo Churchyard commemorate the 400 lives lost. On July 30, 1862, the screw sloop Enrica, soon to be commissioned as the Confederate States of America warship CSS Alabama, sheltered in Moelfre Bay while evading both British customs authorities and the USS Tuscarora, which had been sent to capture or sink her.

The difficulties posed to sailing ships by the east-facing shore and limited seaway resulted in many ships being wrecked off the Moelfre coast. As well as the Royal Charter, there is the wreck of the Princess Amelia (1868) on Lligwy beach, and the Kate caught fire off Moelfre harbour in 1933. Many ships, like the Royal Charter and, 100 years later, the Hindlea II, ended up driven by autumn or spring gales onto the shore. On the 500m of coast south of Moelfre there are the wrecks of the Brothers (1826), the Sarah Davison (1881), the Riviera (1892), the Dart (1888), the Alexandrina (1890), the Margaret Elizabeth (1906), the Dinas (1907), the Jewess (1910) and the William Henry (1915).

Lifeboats
Moelfre RNLI Lifeboat Station has a distinguished history, including the Hindlea rescue in 1959, when all the crew were rescued. There has been a lifeboat in Moelfre since 1854. The lifeboat station is open to the public for most of the year, and houses the Tamar-class lifeboat Kiwi and the inshore inflatable D-class lifeboat (IB1) Enfys.

Actress Jennifer Ellison was rescued in August 2013 off Moelfre.

A statue of Richard Evans, lifeboatman, was unveiled in 2004 by Prince Charles, outside the Seawatch Museum, which is close to the lifeboat station. It presents information relating to the area and the history of the lifeboats associated with Moelfre.

Nature
This area is by the sandy beach Traeth Lligwy and the ancient stone homestead of Din Lligwy. Nearby Ynys Moelfre are birds, and seals and porpoises may also be seen. There are more details on the village website.

Amenities

St Galgo's Anglican Church dates back to the 7th century. Carmel Congregational Chapel was built in 1829. Both have weekly services in Welsh and English. Paradws Chapel is Calvinistic Methodist.

The village has a school with a hall that can be used for public events. Ysgol Gymuned Moelfre (Community School) teaches in Welsh. There were 63 pupils at all levels in 2013. The local library is in the same building. The village also has a football club, CPD Bro Goronwy, based in School Lane.

There were no street lights in the village until well after the Second World War, when they were installed as a memorial to the village's war dead.

In the village there are restaurants, a small public convenience shop and a fish and chip shop. The RNLI Gwylfan Moelfre Seawatch Centre has a small museum, shop and book store.

Notable people

 * Richard Evans (1905–2001) a lifeboatman with 50 years of service
 * Aled Eames (1921–1996), maritime historian, lived in the village for a long period.
 * John Walter Jones (1946–2020), first Chief Executive of the Welsh Language Board from 1993 to 2004.

title: Moelfre, Anglesey


text:
Veikkaus (defunct company)

Veikkaus Oy was the Finnish national betting agency. It was fully owned by the Finnish government and had an exclusive legal betting license on lotteries and sports betting in Finland. Veikkaus was managed by the Finnish Ministry of Education, which shared money earned by Veikkaus with various organizations. In 2010 Veikkaus gave 462.7 million euros for the Ministry of Education to share. The rules of the games and gaming itself are controlled by the Finnish Ministry of Internal Affairs.

On January 1, 2017 Veikkaus merged with RAY and Fintoto. The new company that was founded as a result is also called Veikkaus.

History
Veikkaus organises 20 different games, the most popular being the Finnish national lottery, which generates more than a third of the company's total sales. Other important games are Football pools and Fixed Odds Betting (forms of sports betting), and the Ässä scratch tickets.

The Finnish Ministry of Education is responsible for allocating the profits produced by Veikkaus's activities in a socially optimal way between amateur sports, the arts, science and youth work. These profits exceed a million euros daily, and constitute a significant part of government expenditure in these fields.

Veikkaus was founded in 1940 by the Football Association of Finland and the Finnish Workers' Sports Federation under the name Oy Tippaustoimisto AB. The agency first offered only sports betting, but in 1971 the Finnish national lottery was kicked off, and it proved a huge boom. Today, approximately seventy per cent of Finnish people say they take part in the Lottery at least annually.

In August 2009 Veikkaus's Web site was the target of a heavy DDoS attack lasting several days and the agency blocked its site and services from foreign-based users.

title: Veikkaus (defunct company)