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Margical History Tour

"Margical History Tour" is the eleventh episode of the fifteenth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on February 8, 2004. This is one of several Simpsons episodes that features mini-stories.

Plot
Marge takes Bart, Lisa, and Milhouse to the library to study. When they go inside, they realize that the library has removed most of the items due to books' unpopularity. Marge makes the best of this situation by telling stories about history.

Henry VIII
King Henry VIII (Homer) is a gluttonous slob who desires a male heir, but is unable to sire one. One night he dreams himself into a conversation with a son (Bart), who taunts him about his failure. When Anne Boleyn (Lindsay Naegle) promises to produce a son were she his wife, Margerine of Aragon (Marge) intervenes and drags Henry to a marriage counselor (Doctor Hibbert). Henry explains that he wants to marry Anne, but cannot execute his wife because her father is the King of Spain. The counselor tells him that while his feelings are valid, marriage is hard work. The Lord Chancellor, Sir Thomas More (Ned Flanders), protests that divorce is not permitted in Roman Catholic Church. The King retorts that he will start his own Church. More objects, prompting Henry to shoot him out of a cannon from the roof of Hampton Court. Henry and Margarine explain their divorce to their daughter (Lisa), who tries to suggest that Henry's heir be female. Henry briefly ponders shooting her out of a cannon next, and she quickly leaves.

Henry's new Church grants him his divorce, but Margerine's lawyer (the Blue-Haired Lawyer) orders Henry to give half of his kingdom to Margerine (giving her Ireland, to her dismay). The Archbishop of Canterbury (Reverend Lovejoy), now head of the Church of England, officiates Henry's wedding to Anne, blessing the union "in the name of the Henry, the Hank, and the Holy Harry." Nine months later, Anne bears Henry another daughter and is quickly beheaded by an executioner (Chief Wiggum) on Tower Hill. Henry marries a total of six times, including the squeaky-voiced Jane Seymour (Miss Springfield), the unfeminine Anne of Cleves (Otto Mann), and the elderly Catherine Parr (Agnes Skinner). He still fails to produce a male heir and executes his wives whenever he tires of them, as well as a courtier (Moe) who advises that Henry's frequent executions are leading to a pike shortage.

Years later Henry is old and sick, lying in his bed with Margerine by his side. He apologizes for having locked her up in a dungeon and asks her to become his Queen again. Margerine accepts tenderly, then violently smothers Henry with a pillow.

Lewis and Clark and Sacagawea
Meriwether Lewis (Lenny) and William Clark (Carl) are assigned to explore the West by President Thomas Jefferson (Mayor Quimby). They meet a Shoshone tribe, whose chief, Smoked Lodge (Homer), offers them the guidance of his daughter, Sacagawea (Lisa). They are accompanied by her husband (Milhouse), until he is slaughtered by Sacagawea's brother (Bart).

Sacagawea gives them many tips on how to survive the land, but quickly becomes fed up with Lewis and Clark's stupidity. Finally, she leaves them and sets off back home. She encounters a mountain lion, but before it can attack, Lewis and Clark save her using her past advice. The party arrives at the Pacific Ocean and a heavy downpour begins, prompting Lewis and Clark to name the rain-soaked place Eugene, Oregon. The two explorers promised Sacagawea national recognition, but it was not until modern day that she was retrospectively honoured with the creation of the Sacagawea dollar.

Mozart and Salieri
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (Bart Simpson) is a big hit in Vienna, playing sonatas on the grand piano and pushed along by his overbearing, money-hungry father (Homer Simpson). Antonio Salieri (Lisa Simpson) is resentful of her brother's talents, especially when Mozart wins the award for best composer. At Mozart's flatulence-themed opera, The Musical Fruit, Salieri serves the Emperor (Montgomery Burns) drugged wine. The opera is a success until the foppish audience sees the Emperor asleep and mimic him, leaving Mozart stunned.

The failure of his opera leads to Mozart's fall from popularity, after which he develops a high fever and becomes deathly ill, enduring heavy leechings at the hands of Dr. Nick Riviera. At her brother's deathbed, Salieri tells him she wanted to ruin his life, not kill him. Mozart confesses that he thought highly of Salieri's work, believing that it would be remembered more than his – but his youthful death ensures he and his music will be immortalized forever. He then dies. The next day, Salieri visits the Emperor's court to submit Mozart's Requiem as her own. The Emperor, however, is already focused on Ludwig van Beethoven (Nelson Muntz), whose performance of "Ode to Joy" on the piano prompts him to declare all other music obsolete. Crushed, Salieri snaps, throws the Requiem away and boards a carriage filled with lunatics.

Epilogue
Lisa realizes that Marge's telling of the lives of Mozart and Salieri is clearly based upon the movie Amadeus. She calls the movie completely inaccurate, explaining that Mozart worked hard on his music and that Salieri was a celebrated composer in his own time. Homer notes that Tom Hulce starred both in Amadeus and in Animal House, and begins singing an inaccurate rendition of the Animal House theme over the epilogue:

"Henry VIII still holds the world turkey-leg-eating record. Sacagawea went on to great riches posing for butter boxes. Mozart's burial site is now the most popular gas station in Vienna. That night, Homer watched Animal House again. He went to work the next day in a toga."

Cultural references
Some items seen in the library are 'Everybody Poops: The Video, Yu-Gi-Oh! Price Guides, and Itchy & Scratchy'' books on tape.

The title of the episode is a satire of The Beatles' movie, song, and album Magical Mystery Tour.

When King Henry first appears, he is gorging himself while singing the 1911 music hall song “I'm Henery the Eighth, I Am”. The lyrics, however, are altered to refer to the King's enormous appetite and reputation for gluttony. Henry also wipes his face with Magna Carta, a document which limits the power of the Monarchy and forms the basis of the Constitution of the United Kingdom. During King Henry's dream about his son, a brief snatch of the song, "Greensleeves" can be heard. While in the marriage counselor's office, Henry is reading a magazine called The Yorker, a send-up of The New Yorker, until Margerine reminds him that they've come to talk about their problems. The Sir Thomas More subplot is a satire of Fred Zinnemann's Academy Award-winning film, A Man for All Seasons, starring Paul Scofield as Sir Thomas and Robert Shaw as King Henry. Later, in a dig at Tudor anti-Catholicism, Henry watches a Punch and Judy-style show in which Itchy & Scratchy accuse each other of conducting an illegal Catholic Mass and for refusing to sign the Act of Supremacy.

As Lisa points out at the end of the episode, the Mozart segment is a satire of Peter Shaffer's stage play Amadeus and Miloš Forman's Academy Award-winning film of the same name. During Mozart's first concert, Otto Mann calls out a request for "Sonata in A, K.331". In reality, the K numbering system for Mozart's work was not introduced until 70 years after Mozart's death. Later, Salieri is compared to the three "untalented" Mozarts—Randy, Jermaine, and Tito from the Jackson Five. Mozart's opera "The Musical Fruit" is a satire of both The Magic Flute, and the children's song "Beans, Beans, the Musical Fruit," while the opera is sung to the tune of his composition Eine kleine Nachtmusik, which also plays over the closing credits. A fragment from the movement Lacrimosa from Mozart's Requiem can be heard while Mozart is dying. When Salieri arrives at the Imperial Palace, the Emperor is listening to Beethoven perform the Ode to Joy from his 9th Symphony on the piano. When the Emperor declares all other music obsolete, Beethoven points at Salieri and "Haw Haws" to the opening of his 5th Symphony.

The epilogue is similar to the one from Animal House.

Reception
In 2021, Screen Rant ranked this episode as one of the series' 10 best anthology episodes.

title: Margical History Tour


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Quintus Aurelius Memmius Symmachus

Quintus Aurelius Memmius Symmachus (died 526) was a 6th-century Roman aristocrat, a historian and a supporter of Nicene Christianity. He was a patron of secular learning, and became the consul for the year 485. He supported Pope Symmachus in the schism over the Popes' election, and was executed with his son-in-law Boethius after being charged with treason.

Biography
He belonged to the Symmachi, one of the richest and most influential senatorial families in Rome; his father, Quintus Aurelius Symmachus, had been consul in 446. Memmius Symmachus had three daughters (Rusticiana, Galla and Proba) and adopted the young Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius when his father died; later Boethius married Rusticiana, and the couple had two sons, Symmachus and Boethius, both consuls in 522. Memmius Symmachus' civil offices included being appointed sole consul for 485, the third known member of his family to hold this office.

Although Symmachus was the head of a family with a long connection with Pagan tradition—his grandfather Quintus Aurelius Symmachus delivered a famous speech urging the return of the Altar of Victory to the Roman Senate House—he was an ardent Christian, interested both in theological disputes and, more prosaically, in the struggles for the control of the Pope. During and after the disputed election of Pope Symmachus (who was apparently not related to him), he and Anicius Probus Faustus Niger were the only two senators known to support the pope against his more popular rival, Laurentius.

Symmachus cultivated the ancient Roman culture, writing a Roman history in seven volumes; this work has been lost except for a section quoted by Jordanes in his Getica. Symmachus' wealth enabled his patronage: he was involved in publication of the Commentarii in Somnium Scipionis by Macrobius Ambrosius Theodosius, and there is even a copy of the work corrected by his hand.

For the most part, Symmachus maintained good relationships with the new rulers of Italy—both Odovacer and Theodoric the Great -- demonstrated by his appointment as praefectus urbi between 476 and 491, consul in 485, patricius within 510, and even reaching the influential rank of caput senatus (president of the Senate). His visit to Constantinople, after which Priscian dedicated him some poems, was likely on behalf of king Theodoric. However, Symmachus contradicted the Ostrogothic king, who condemned him to death for treason in 526, one year after the execution of Boethius.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Quintus Aurelius Memmius Symmachus


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Busoga

Busoga (Lusoga: Obwakyabazinga bwa Busoga) is a kingdom and one of four constitutional monarchies in present-day Uganda. The kingdom is a cultural institution which promotes popular participation and unity among the people of the region through development programs to improve their standard of living.

Busoga means "Land of the Soga", and is the kingdom of the 11 principalities of the Basoga or Soga (singular Musoga) people. Its capital is Bugembe, near Jinja (Uganda's second-largest city, after Kampala). Busoga comprises eleven districts: Kamuli, Iganga, Bugiri, Mayuge, Jinja, Luuka, and the new districts of Bugweri, Buyende, Kaliro,Namutumba and Namayingo District. Each district is headed by an elected chairperson or a Local Council Five, and municipalities are headed by an elected mayor. Jinja is the industrial and economic hub of Busoga. Busoga is bordered on the north by shallow Lake Kyoga (separating it from Lango), on the west by the Victoria Nile (separating it from Buganda), on the south by Lake Victoria (separating it from Tanzania and Kenya) and on the east by the Mpologoma River (separating it from smaller tribal groups such as the Adhola, Bugwere and Bugisu). It also includes several islands in Lake Victoria, such as Buvuma Island.

The Kyabazinga
The Kyabazinga of Busoga is not directly succedded by one of his children(princes) but he is elected from the five royal clans of Busoga.

Busoga is ruled by the Isebantu Kyabazinga, who is currently William Kadhumbula Gabula Nadiope IV, the Gabula of Bugabula, and grandson to Wilberforce Kadhumbula Nadiope, former vice president and also Kyabazinga of Busoga Kingdom. In 1995, the government restored monarchies in Uganda in Article 246(1) of the constitution of Uganda. On 11 February 1996, Henry Wako Muloki was reinstated as Kyabazinga Isebantu of Busoga. He served until 1 September 2008, when he died of esophageal cancer at the Mulago National Referral Hospital in Kampala at age 87. In a condolence message, Ugandan president Yoweri Museveni described Muloki as "a great cultural leader and father" who was "generous and kind". Museveni noted that since his re-installation, Muloki was a unifying factor in Busoga: "The Government has had the privilege of working with Isebantu Muloki in developing our nation". Referring to the Kyabazinga as "a strong pillar", the president said that although Busoga was one of the youngest kingdoms, under Muloki's leadership it had become strong: "Uganda mourns not only one of her esteemed traditional leaders but a national who put development and the welfare of the people of Busoga at the helm of his reign". Muloki's achievements included programs for youth, the elderly, and the poor and the education of girls. Although the Royal Chiefs of Busoga at first elected Edward Columbus Wambuzi, Muloki's son, as Kyabazinga of Busoga, the election was contested due to lack of quorum (at least eight chiefs) and thus electing later Gabula Nadiope IV with ten out of eleven chiefs and was crowned on 13 September 2014.

Early contact with European explorers
Busoga's written history began in 1862. On 28 July Royal Geographical Society explorer John Hanning Speke arrived at Ripon Falls (near Jinja, where the Victoria Nile flows from Lake Victoria and begins its descent to Egypt. Since Speke's route (inland from the East African coast) took him around the southern end of Lake Victoria, he approached Busoga from the west (through Buganda). Having reached his goal (the source of the Nile), he turned northward and followed the river downstream without exploring Busoga. He records, however, being told that Usoga (Swahili for Busoga) was an island (it is bordered on all four sides by water).

Demographics
During the 19th century, one of the main routes along which Europeans travelled from the coast to Buganda passed through southern Busoga. Speke, James Grant, Gerald Portal, Frederick Lugard, J. R. Macdonald and Bishop Tucket noted that Busoga had plentiful food and was densely populated. However, between 1898–99 and 1900–01 the first cases of sleeping sickness were reported.

In 1906, orders were issued to evacuate the region. Despite attempts to clear the area, the epidemic continued until 1910. As a result, most of the densely populated parts of Busoga (with an original population of over 200,000) were depopulated within ten years. Lubas Palace at Bukaleba and the European fruit mission collapsed, and survivors were relocated to other parts of Busoga. Southern Busoga, about one-third of the kingdom's area, was depopulated by 1910. During the 1920s and 1930s, some evacuees who survived the epidemic began to return to their original land. In 1940 a new outbreak appeared in the area, and only in 1956 did resettlement (promoted by the government) begin again.

The result of the epidemic was that southern Busoga, its most densely populated area, was virtually uninhabited. Other areas affected by sleeping sickness, including eastern Bukooli and Busiki, were depopulated as well. Famines also triggered substantial population movements. Parts of northeastern Busoga and the adjacent Bukandi district (across the Mpologoma River) experienced famines in 1898–1900, 1907, 1908, 1917, 1918 and 1944. Populations in these areas shrank; many people were killed by the famines, and survivors moved to other areas for safety.

The effects of these movements were apparent in the growth in population of central and peri-urban Busoga. Many Basoga left Busoga during this period for other districts.

Economics
During the pre-colonial era, people left their traditional lands and state structures disappeared. A number of clans and chiefdoms were decimated by famine and epidemics, and people migrated to Busoga with the traditions and cultures of other lands. A need for security fueled population growth in urban and peri-urban areas of Busoga such as Jinja, Iganga, Kamuli, Kaliro, Bugiri and their surrounding areas

From 1920 to the 1970s, Jinja (Busoga's capital) gained economic importance due to cotton production and the completion of the Uganda Railway and the Owen Falls Dam. The town became an agri-industrial centre with factories, cottage industries and a well-developed infrastructure. People from rural Busoga came to work in the factories and in domestic work. Among the newcomers were Asian families. Services such as piped water, electricity, roads, hospitals and schools were improved to serve the growing population. Farmers were assured of markets in the towns, grew cash and food crops such as cotton, coffee, bananas, potatoes, cassava, fruits and vegetables. The standard of living improved; the kingdom's revenue increased, enabling it to build more infrastructure. Subsistence farming diminished, with the population turning to economic production demanded by the Europeans.

By the time of independence in 1962, Busoga was one of the most prosperous regions in Uganda. Jinja was home to 70 percent of Uganda's industries and the Nalubaale Power Station (Owen Falls Dam), which supplies electricity to Uganda and parts of Kenya and Tanzania. Jinja was also home to the majority of Uganda's Asian population. These Ugandan Asians, brought to Uganda from the Indian sub-continent by the British during the Raj, helped establish Jinja as one of East Africa's largest commercial centres.

Politics
Around the turn of the 16th century, the Baisengobi clan from Bunyoro gained power. Mukama Namutukula of the royal Babiito family of Bunyoro is said to have left Bunyoro during the 16th century as part of the kingdom's expansion policy, travelling east across Lake Kyoga with his wife Nawudo, a few servants, arms and a dog and landing at Iyingo in northern Busoga (in the present-day Kamuli District).

Mukama, who enjoyed hunting, was taken with the land. He engaged in metalworking: blacksmithing and making hoes, iron utensils and spears. Of Mukama's children five boys survived, and when he returned to Bunyoro he gave them land to oversee. His firstborn, Wakoli, received Bukooli; Zibondo received Bulamogi, Ngobi Kigulu, Tabingwa Luuka, and the youngest son, Kitimbo, received Bugabula. These areas later became administrative and cultural centers in Busoga. When Mukama did not return, his sons regarded themselves as the legitimate rulers of their respective areas. They presided over their dominions, employing governing methods and cultural rituals similar to those in Bunyoro. This political and cultural arrangement in Busoga continued until the late 19th century, when the colonialists persuaded its rulers to organize a federation. The federation was governed by a Lukiiko.

Although Busoga is called a "kingdom", it did not have a central ruler before 1906, unlike its western neighbor Buganda. In 1906, a central administrator—later a King—was installed at the behest of the British. Before this, the Basoga were organized in semi-autonomous chiefdoms influenced by Bunyoro and, later, Buganda. Some of the chiefs were appointed by the Kabaka, and, before the ascendancy of Buganda as the region’s dominant power, by the Omukama of Bunyoro.

Busoga's first native King was the chief of Bugabula, Yosia Nadiope. Nadiope died in 1913 and was, in 1919, succeeded by the chief of Bulamogi, Ezekiel Tenywa Wako, who had both support of the colonialist British support and an administrative background, in addition to his being educated at the prestigious Kings' College Budo. Gideon Obodha of Kigulu (another contender for the post) was unfamiliar with the British system, and William Wilberforce Nadiope Kadhumbula of Bugabula was an infant whose regent (Mwami Mutekanga) was ineligible as a mukoopi (a commoner). In 1918-19, the title of Isebantu Kyabazinga was created and Wako took the throne. In 1925 Wako became a member of the Uganda Kings Council, consisting of the Kyabazinga of Busoga, the Kabaka of Buganda, the Omukamas of Bunyoro and Toro and the Omugabe of Ankole.

On 11 February 1939 Owekitibwa Ezekerial Tenywa Wako, father of the last Kyabazinga of Busoga Henry Wako Muloki and the Zibondo of Bulamogi, was installed as the first Kyabazinga of Busoga (a title he held until his 1949 retirement). By Wako's retirement, the Lukiiko had expanded to include elected representatives (two from each of Busoga's 55 sub-counties).

When Wako retired the Busoga Lukiiko resolved that the Kyabazinga should be elected from the five lineages of Baise Ngobi (Ababiito), hereditary rulers traditionally believed to have been the five sons of the Omukama of Bunyoro who migrated to Busoga from Bunyoro. This method of election was used for subsequent elections, beginning in 1949 when Owekitibwa Chief William Wilberforce Nadiope Kadhumbula of Bugabula was elected. He served for two terms of three years each, followed by Henry Wako Muloki (who also served two terms). In 1957, the title Inhebantu of Busoga was introduced for the wife of the Kyabazinga (or Isebantu).

When monarchies were abolished in 1966, the Kyabazinga was dethroned. Idi Amin expelled the Asians from Uganda in 1972, and Jinja suffered socially and economically. The government of Yoweri Museveni has tried to encourage them to return. The Asian influence remains, particularly in architecture and street names.

In 1995, the government restored monarchies in Uganda. On 11 February, Henry Wako Muloki was reinstated as Kyabazinga according to Kisogan tradition. Unlike most monarchs, the Kyabazinga has no heir or crown prince but is succeeded by a chief elected by the Lukiiko and the Royal Council.

Past Kyabazingas
Three past Kyabazingas have presided over the federated state of Busoga since 1939: Ezekiel Tenywa Wako, Yosia Nadiope and William Wilberforce Nadiope Kadhumbula. Kadhumbula waged an emizindula (war on theft) and ended a British practice in the fight against smallpox (kawumpuli) where residents were required to publicly supply rat tails for counting to prove that they had killed the rats. His opposition brought him into conflict with the British; he was exiled to Bunyoro, later leading the Basoga into the Second World War.

Kadhumbula played an important role in Uganda's independence struggle; he was also the first vice-president of independent Uganda and chairman of the Uganda People's Congress (UPC). Kadhumbula built infrastructure such as roads, hospitals and government centres, and mobilised the Basoga for agriculture. Balangira High School later became Busoga College.

Political structure
The Busoga Royal Council is composed of the 11 traditional leaders of Busoga: the heads of the five royal families and the six tribal chiefs.

The Katukiro (Prime Minister) of Busoga is Joseph Muvawala Nsekere. The office of the Katukiro in the Kingdom is an important and a vital one. The Katukiro is the head of the kingdom's government, and the spokesperson for the Kyabazinga and the kingdom.

Kagulu Rock
This was the first settlement area for the Bunyoro Basoga, led by Mukama. Although Kagulu's cultural influence is widespread, its visible landmark is Kagulu Rock. The rock is between two roads which fork at its foot, leading to Gwaya and Iyingo. The rock has a clear view of almost all Busoga, with steps making it easier for visitors to reach the top. Kagulu Rock has been for a long time a major adventure and tourist attraction in Eastern Uganda. Previously, it had caught the curious eyes of the foreign NGO workers in the area, but with the advent of the local initiative to promote the site, Kagulu Rock is now a big attraction to all. Kagulu Rock, is a rocky prominence that rises 10,000 feet (3,048 m), above sea level.

Budhumbula shrine and palace
Two kilometers from Kamuli on the Kamuli-Jinja road, the site includes a shrine and the residence of former Kyabazinga William Wilberforce Kadhumbula Nadiope (who died in 1976). The marble-covered shrine contains the graves of other members of the royal family, including Nadiope's father and mother (Yosia Nadiope and Nasikombi). Other graves in the shrine are those of his son, former Uganda government minister Wilson Nadiope (who died in 1991), and his mother, Yuliya Babirye Nadiope (who died in 2004). The main palace residence is a legacy of the British colonial government, which donated it in 1914.

Source of the Nile
The source of the Nile, the world's second-longest river, at Lake Victoria was discovered by John Speke and is an internationally known attraction.

Bujjagali Falls
This former waterfall was submerged in November 2011 by the Bujagali Dam.

Lake Victoria
Southern Busoga is bordered by Lake Victoria, whose coastline runs from Jinja east to the Kenyan border.

Bishop James Hannington Shrine
The place where Bishop James Hannington and 48 of his helpers are believed to have been murdered in 1885.

Twegaite
This nonprofit cultural organization is headquartered in Boston. Twegaite's main objective is to revitalize Busoga's economy, health and education.

title: Busoga


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User talk:Squall Leonheart

Hello, welcome to Wikipedia! I hope you enjoy contributing here. The images you uploaded are great (I'm rather looking forward to Advent Children myself), but next time make sure to add the appropriate copyright tag to the images you upload; the section on fair use is the most helpful. I "tagged" them myself this time, so go take a look. Ask me on my talk page if you have questions. Thank you! Shiri — Talk 23:07, Jun 10, 2005 (UTC)

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Michel Chion

Michel Chion (born 1947) is a French film theorist and composer of experimental music.

Life
Born in Creil, France, Chion teaches at several institutions in France and currently holds the post of Associate Professor at the University of Paris III: Sorbonne Nouvelle where he is a theoretician and teacher of audio-visual relationships.

After studying literature and music he began to work for the ORTF (French Radio and Television Organisation) Service de La recherche as assistant to Pierre Schaeffer in 1970. He was a member of the Groupe de Recherches Musicales (GRM) between 1971 and 1976.

His compositions elaborate on Schaeffarian theories and methodologies which Schaeffer referred to as musique concrète.

He has also written a number of books as well as essays expounding his theories of the interaction between sound and image within the medium of film.

In particular, the book titled ''L'audio-vision. Son et image au cinéma'', originally published in France in 1990, has been considered by all critics as the definitive book on the relations between sound and image, which are described as two different languages within the multimedia art form, discussing the argument from both technical-linguistic and aesthetic points of view, where before it was discussed principally in terms of narrative implications.

Writings

 * 1982. (With Norbert Dufourcq and Marcelle Benoit). La musique électroacoustique. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, ISBN 2-13-037262-7
 * 1984. La voix au cinéma. [N.p.]: Cahiers du Cinéma Livres. ISBN 2-86642-004-7
 * 1983. Guide des objets sonores: Pierre Schaeffer et la recherche musicale . Bibliothèque de recherche musicale. [N.p.]: Buchet Chastel. ISBN 2-7020-1439-9
 * 1985. Le son au cinéma. New, revised and corrected edition. [N.p.]: Cahiers du Cinéma Livres. ISBN 2-86642-023-3
 * 1987. Jacques Tati. Collection "Auteurs". [N.p.]: Cahiers du Cinéma. ISBN 2-86642-058-6
 * 1994. Musiques, Médias, Technologie
 * 1994. La symphonie à l'époque romantique. Les chemins de la musique. Paris: Fayard. ISBN 2-213-59271-3
 * 1995. La musique au cinéma. Les chemins de la musique. Paris: Fayard. ISBN 2-213-59466-X
 * 2001. David Lynch. New, enlarged edition. Collection "Auteurs". [N.p.]: Cahiers du Cinéma Livres. ISBN 2-86642-319-4
 * 2002. Technique et création au cinéma
 * 2004. The Thin Red Line. London: British Film Institute. ISBN 978-1-84457-044-7. Monograph about Terrence Malick's film The Thin Red Line; translated from the French by Trista Selous. A French version appeared in 2005.
 * 2005. Stanley Kubrick : L'humain, ni plus ni moins. Collection "Auteurs". [N.p.]: Cahiers du Cinéma Livres. ISBN 2-86642-392-5
 * 2005. Le son. [N.p.]: Armand Colin. ISBN 2-200-34103-2
 * 2005. L´Audio-Vision. Son et image au cinéma. [N.p.]: Nathan. ISBN 2-09-190704-9 English edition, edited and translated by Claudia Gorbman, as Audio-Vision: Sound on Screen (New York: Columbia University Press, 1994) ISBN 0-231-07898-6
 * 2008. Andrei Tarkovski. [N.p.]: Cahiers du Cinéma Livres. ISBN 2-86642-503-0
 * 2009. Film: A Sound Art. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-13777-5
 * 2016. Sound. An Acoulogical Treatise. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0-822-36039-1

Recordings

 * La Vie En Prose – Une Symphonie Concrète (Broccoli 2011)
 * Diktat (Nuun Records, Musique Concrète, 2010)
 * Tu (Broccoli, BROCOLI 002, 2006)
 * Les 120 jours with Lionel Marchetti, Jérôme Noetinger (Fringes, FRINGES ARCHIVE_03, 2004)
 * Dix-sept minutes (Cinéma pour l'oreille, MKCD 032, 2002)
 * L'opéra concret (MCE, MCE 01, 1998)
 * On n'arrête pas le regret (Ina-GRM, INA_E 5005, 1996)
 * Gloria (Cinéma pour l'oreille, MKCD 015, 1995)
 * Préludes à la vie (empreintes DIGITALes, IMED 9523, 1995)
 * Requiem (empreintes DIGITALes, IMED 9312, 1993)
 * Credo mambo (Cinéma pour l'oreille, MKCD 004, 1992)
 * La tentation de saint Antoine; La ronde (Ina-GRM, INA_C 2002–03, 1991)
 * About Michel Chion: Lionel Marchetti, La musique concrète de Michel Chion, essay – Metamkine 1998 http://www.metamkine.com/

List of works

 * 24 préludes à la vie (1989–91)
 * Crayonnés ferroviaires (1992)
 * Credo Mambo (1992)
 * Dix-sept minutes (2000)
 * L'été (1982)
 * Gloria (1994)
 * Hymne de l'enfant à son réveil (1997)
 * L'isle sonante (1998, 2005)
 * La machine à passer le temps (1972)
 * La Messe de terre (1996, 2003)
 * Nuit noire (1979–85)
 * On n'arrête pas le regret (1975)
 * Le prisonnier du son (1972–91)
 * Requiem (1973)
 * La Ronde (1982)
 * La roue (1972–85)
 * Sambas pour un jour de pluie (1985)
 * Sonate (1990)
 * Suite volatile (1984)
 * La Tentation de saint Antoine (1984)
 * Tu (1977, 96)
 * Une symphonie concrète (2006– )
 * Variations (1990)

title: Michel Chion


text:
Brian Martin (social scientist)

Brian Martin (born 1947) is a social scientist in the School of Humanities and Social Inquiry, Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, at the University of Wollongong (UOW) in NSW, Australia. He was appointed a professor at the university in 2007, and in 2017 was appointed emeritus professor. His work is in the fields of peace research, scientific controversies, science and technology studies, sociology, political science, media studies, law, journalism, freedom of speech, education and corrupted institutions, as well as research on whistleblowing and dissent in the context of science. Martin was president of Whistleblowers Australia from 1996 to 1999 and remains their International Director. He has been criticized by medical professionals and public health advocates for promoting the disproven oral polio vaccine AIDS hypothesis and supporting vaccine hesitancy in the context of his work.

Martin has spoken at a British Science Association Festival of Science, and testified at the Australian Federal Senate's Inquiry into Academic Freedom. The crustacean Polycheles martini was named after him.

Research and academia
Martin was born in the United States in 1947 and raised in Tulsa, Oklahoma. He earned a BA in physics at Rice University in Texas in 1969, and, seeking to avoid conscription into the Vietnam War, emigrated to Australia, where he earned a PhD in physics at the University of Sydney in 1976.

Martin's original academic field was theoretical physics, and he worked in both stratospheric modelling and numerical methods during his career. He has published extensively about the social dynamics and politicisation of controversial scientific topics. His topics of inquiry have included the globalization of polarised science such as the origin of HIV/AIDS. He argues that there are situations in which scientific research that threatens vested interests can be suppressed. He describes a number of direct and indirect mechanisms through which he argues that this can occur, ranging from the denial of funds and the denial of promotion and tenure, through to the creation of a "general climate of fear". Martin's work on in this area has provided what Delborne describes as a "key foundation for conceptualizing scientific dissent".

Martin has been criticised for supporting the incorrect proposal that oral polio vaccine caused AIDS. The hypothesis first came to notice in Rolling Stone magazine by way of journalist Curtis and AIDS activist Elswood in 1992, and was later further promoted by the journalist/writer Hooper and Martin, with Hooper crediting Martin for giving the OPV-AIDS link hypothesis "further publicity and credibility". Martin disputes the claim that he has been a supporter of the hypothesis, instead saying that he has "never argued in favour of the OPV theory", but has instead stated "that it was and remains worthy of consideration yet in many ways has been unfairly dismissed". A 2016 article in The Australian described Martin's 2010 paper as claiming "that medical researchers had colluded to silence the theory that the AIDS virus was caused by contaminated polio vaccines in 1950s Africa."

Martin has been active in the criticism of university systems. He has criticized conflicts of interest where universities are managing internal investigations that may lead to bad publicity, and recommends having independent groups investigate allegations of misconduct; he has written about the unauthorised use of research produced by students and junior researchers by senior academics; and he has been outspoken against sexual relationships between staff and students. He also reports that any bias within universities could simply be due to students strategically working in-line with the biases of their teachers.

Martin was subjected to an attempted academic gag when he published material about the forced retirement of a University of Adelaide academic. His university instructed him to remove the content from his website after Adelaide University threatened to sue. Martin's published material in question is now found on other websites.

Martin believes that if complainants go through the official channels the outcome is very predictable, in that the organisation's internal grievance procedures, or making a complaint to the relevant ombudsman, does not work. He also believes whistleblower laws do not work, saying; "Not only are whistleblower laws flawed through exemptions and in-built weaknesses but in their implementation they are rarely helpful".

Criticism
In April 2001, Martin published an article in defence of a sacked academic at UOW in the national newspaper The Australian. In a response published in the same paper, the Vice-Chancellor of Murdoch University Steven Schwartz accused Martin of a position supporting the concept of a "laissez-faire attitude towards academic freedom (in which all sides are presented impartially)" saying his "approach to academic freedom is neither logical nor practical" as this approach "forces universities to abandon their most cherished values: scholarship, wisdom and truth".

Immunologist and research scientist Greg Woods refuted Martin's posit on the Tasmanian devil facial tumour disease stating Martin's 2014 paper in The Conversation on the theory behind the cancer "misrepresents the state of the science".

In 2014, Martin published a paper characterising criticism of Andrew Wakefield's discredited claims about vaccines and autism as "suppression of vaccination dissent". In 2016, an Agence Science-Presse piece accused Martin of defending "the idea of a vaccine-autism link." However, Martin disputes this, saying: "I have never defended this idea." The Australian reported that "Martin is a former paid member of the anti-vaccine Australian Vaccination Network", and that Martin states that he is also a member of the American Skeptics Society.

Martin has been criticised for his role in the Judith Wilyman PhD controversy where medical academics and the AMA raised concerns of whether Martin had the necessary knowledge to assess her doctorate which discussed vaccine science. The Australian has criticised him as not recognising academic rigour over academic freedom, and surgeon John Cunningham called on the university to have the thesis "reviewed by people whom have knowledge of vaccinations".

In 2016, the Australian Skeptics criticised Martin's supervision of Wilyman by presenting Martin, Wilyman and the Social Sciences Department of the University of Wollongong the satirical Bent Spoon Award for awarding "a PhD thesis riddled with errors, misstatements, poor and unsupported 'evidence' and conspiratorial thinking".

Books

 * Truth tactics (Sparsnäs, Sweden: Irene Publishing, 2021)
 * Official channels (Sparsnäs, Sweden: Irene Publishing, 2020)
 * Jørgen Johansen and Brian Martin. Social defence (Sparsnäs, Sweden: Irene Publishing, 2019)
 * Vaccination panic in Australia (Sparsnäs, Sweden: Irene Publishing, 2018)
 * The deceptive activist (Sparsnäs, Sweden: Irene Publishing, 2017).
 * Ruling tactics: methods of promoting everyday nationalism, how they serve rulers and how to oppose them (Sparsnäs, Sweden: Irene Publishing, 2017).
 * Nonviolence Unbound (Sparsnäs, Sweden: Irene Publishing, 2015).
 * The Controversy Manual (Sparsnäs, Sweden: Irene Publishing, 2014).
 * Doing Good Things Better (Sparsnäs, Sweden: Irene Publishing, 2013)
 * Justice Ignited: The Dynamics of Backfire, (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2007).
 * (with Wendy Varney). Nonviolence Speaks: Communicating against Repression, (Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press, 2003).
 * Nonviolence versus capitalism, (London: War Resisters' International, 2001).
 * Technology for Nonviolent Struggle, (London: War Resisters' International, 2001).
 * (with Lyn Carson). Random Selection in Politics, (Westport, CT: Praeger, 1999).
 * The Whistleblower's Handbook: How to Be an Effective Resister, (Charlbury, UK: Jon Carpenter; Sydney: Envirobook, 1999). Updated and republished 2013 as Whistleblowing: a practical guide, (Sparsnäs, Sweden: Irene Publishing)
 * Information Liberation, (London: Freedom Press, 1998).
 * Tied Knowledge: Power in Higher Education, (self-published, 1998).
 * Suppression Stories, (Wollongong: Fund for Intellectual Dissent, 1997).
 * Social Defence, Social Change, (London: Freedom Press, 1993).
 * Scientific Knowledge in Controversy: The Social Dynamics of the Fluoridation Debate, (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1991).
 * (with C. M. Ann Baker, Clyde Manwell & Cedric Pugh) Intellectual Suppression: Australian Case Histories, Analysis and Responses, (Sydney: Angus & Robertson, 1986) ISBN 0207151326
 * Uprooting war, (London: Freedom Press, 1984).ISBN 978-0900384264
 * The Bias of Science (Society for Social Responsibility in Science, 1979) ISBN 0909509131

Journal articles in the physical sciences
His most cited papers are:

Other journal articles (selection)

 * Brian Martin (1990). Captives of Controversy: The Myth of the Neutral Social Researcher in Contemporary Scientific Controversies, Science, Technology, & Human Values, Vol. 15, No. 4, Fall 1990, pp. 474–494
 * Juan Miguel Campanario & Brian Martin (2004). Challenging dominant physics paradigms, Journal of Scientific Exploration, vol. 18, no. 3, Fall 2004, pp. 421–438.
 * David Hess & Brian Martin (2006). Repression, backfire, and the theory of transformative events Mobilization, Vol. 11, No. 1, June 2006, pp. 249–267.
 * Published online: 23 March 2014.
 * Published online: 23 March 2014.

title: Brian Martin (social scientist)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Marcela Bovio

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Golbez 07:39, Jun 18, 2005 (UTC)

Marcela Bovio
Delete an article on a member of a (local) band that we don't have an article. humblefool® 23:09, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity. Sjakkalle (Check!)  09:31, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes, vanity! Delete. -- Captain Disdain 19:45, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Vanity MarkS 20:09, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages.  Please do not edit this page .


text:
Boston Marriage (play)

Boston Marriage is a 1999 American play by American playwright David Mamet. The play concerns two women at the turn of the 20th century who are in a Boston marriage, a relationship between two women that may involve both physical and emotional intimacy. After widespread belief that Mamet could only write for men, the playwright released this play, which centers exclusively on women.

Synopsis
Anna and Claire argue over Claire's new found "Love" while Anna's Scottish maid, Catherine, is brought to tears by her employer's harsh verbal rebukes. Things get tense as Anna, a mistress to a wealthy gentleman, tries to talk Claire out of her profession of love for another: a young woman. Claire, on the other hand, has already made plans with her young love to meet at Anna's house in the hopes that she will be able to persuade her new love to engage in a "vile assignation." Things go awry, however, when the girl arrives and recognizes that an emerald necklace that Anna is wearing belongs to her mother.

The plot line focuses on whether Anna and Claire will be able to find a way to hold on to both the girl and her wealthy but unfaithful father. The play is delivered through quick, witty Victorian-era dialogue, mixed with double entendres and vernacular expressions, to explore the relationship between the two women and their maid. Through humor and nuance, the play explores the negotiation, conflict, compromise and reconciliation that arise in their relationship.

Production history
Boston Marriage was originally produced by the American Repertory Theater (Robert Brustein, Artistic Director; Robert J. Orchard, Managing Director) at the Hasty Pudding Theatre in Cambridge, Massachusetts on June 4, 1999. It was directed by David Mamet; the set design was by Sharon Kaitz and J. Michael Griggs; the lighting design was by John Ambrosone; and the costume design was by Harriet Voyt. The cast included Rebecca Pidgeon (Claire), Felicity Huffman (Anna), and Mary McCann (Catherine).

It was performed in London at the Donmar Warehouse from March 2001 until April 2001. Directed by Phyllida Lloyd, it featured Zoë Wanamaker (Anna), Anna Chancellor (Claire), and Lyndsey Marshal. It moved to the West End at the New Ambassadors Theatre, where it ran from November 28, 2001 until February 16, 2002.

Boston Marriage was first performed in Melbourne, Australia, in 2007 produced by independent theatre company Hoy Polloy. It was directed by Hoy Polloy Artistic Director Wayne Pearn and featured Helen Hopkins, Corinne Davies and Eleanor Wilson.

Boston Marriage ran Off-Broadway at The Public Theater from November 5, 2002 through December 22, 2002. It was directed by Karen Kohlhaas and starred Kate Burton as Anna, Martha Plimpton as Claire, and Arden Myrin.

The play was performed in Lima, Peru in early 2007 under the direction of theatre director and actor Alberto Isola.

The play was again performed in Melbourne by the Melbourne Theatre Company through June 2010. Pamela Rabe, Margaret Mills and Sara Gleeson starred, directed by Aidan Fennessy. It returned to the Boston area in September 2010, as presented at the New Repertory Theater. As part of the Dublin Theatre Festival 2010, the Gate Theatre, Dublin, Ireland staged Boston Marriage as part of its "BMP" programme; celebrating the links between Samuel Beckett, Harold Pinter and Mamet. The play ran on 29 September and 2 October, 2010.

Lesbian themes
Boston Marriage is one of the few plays written by a male playwright that exclusively includes lesbian characters. The play takes on an anti-patriarchal stance. Anna does not show any genuine interest in the man she is involved with. In the end of the play, Anna’s male love interest leaves her for his wife and wants her to return the emerald jewel that he gave her. This gives Claire fiscal power over Anna which contrasts the Victorian tradition of men owning their wives’ money.

The plot of Boston Marriage does not include the common stereotypes of women being married to a man, financially dependent on their husbands, and spend most of their time taking care of their children.

Lesbian themes in theatre is a direct response to America’s anti-LGBTQ+ and anti-theatrical attitudes in its history. “Lesbian” was not a word used in Western society until the nineteenth century. The roles of lesbian and gay characters in theatre were considered to be two separate themes until the latter half of the twentieth century. There is not as much public interest in plays written exclusively about lesbian characters than there are about plays with exclusively gay characters. Similarly to early plays that included gay characters, plays including lesbians traditionally ended in violence and death. Plays with exclusively lesbian characters that were written by lesbian playwrights targeted all-female audiences.

More lesbian plays were written in the 1960s and 1970s largely due to the feminist movement. Lack of public interest lead to a decrease in the number of lesbian plays written and performed until the late 1990s when Boston Marriage was written and early twenty-first century.

LGBTQ+ theatre is dominated by white gay men. David Mamet is one of the few heterosexual male playwrights to write about a play with exclusively lesbian characters.

Boston Marriage is the only play David Mamet wrote that only includes lesbian characters.

title: Boston Marriage (play)


text:
Vint (play)

Vint is a short play by David Mamet, adapted from a short story by Anton Chekhov. The play was commissioned by The Acting Company and, along with six other commissioned plays, presented in 1986 as Orchards.

Background and productions
The Acting Company commissioned playwrights to write stage versions of short stories by Anton Chekhov. Vint was written by Mamet as a result, adapted from the short story Vint and translated by Avrahm Yarmolinsky. The seven plays that were written for this commission were presented under the umbrella title Orchards at the Lucille Lortel Theatre, running from April 22, 1986, to May 4, 1986, and were directed by Robert Falls and Michael Kahn.

Vint was produced at the Lincoln Center Festival of Chekhov Shorts on March 23–24, 1996.

Plot overview
Vint is a "virtual cameo" about "bureaucrats who lighten their day by playing a game of cards (vint) using the personal files in their care." An official hears his wife's name and "takes the sort of action one might least expect."

Analysis
In reviewing the published play, Harvey Pitcher wrote that Mamet was the "most faithful to Chekhov..... Chekhov himself was the first to realize that many of his early stories, consisting largely of dialogue, could be easily transferred to the stage. Mamet made the same discovery. Resisting the temptation to improve on Chekhov, he has produced an attractively straightforward version of the comic story 'Vint,' in which a group of civil servants give an original twist to a popular card game."

title: Vint (play)


text:
Wikipedia:Categories for deletion/Log/2005 June 11

Category:Vietnam War operations and battles/Category:World War II operations and battles

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the category above. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was rename --Kbdank71 13:46, 18 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Rename to Category:Battles and operations of the Vietnam War and Category:Battles and operations of World War II to be consistant with the other subcategories of Category:Battles by war. Neutralitytalk 05:25, Jun 12, 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any). No further edits should be made to this page.

Category:Airports of Foo --> Airports in Foo

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the category above. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was no consensus (keep) --Kbdank71 13:35, 18 Jun 2005 (UTC)

For the subcategories of Category:Airports. More logical. Neutralitytalk 05:00, Jun 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I could see doing this if we had a mix of each, for consistency.  But they're all the same, and I don't think we'll gain anything by making the change.  --Kbdank71 14:02, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

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Category:Cat training and behavior

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the category above. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete --Kbdank71 13:38, 18 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I see the point in Category:Dog training and behavior, but everyone knows that cats train their humans, not the other way around. :-) Seriously, I don't know what could go in this category and doubt it will fill over time. --Conti|✉ 22:51, Jun 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Reuse for "Cat[egory] training and behavior". Categories show some interesting behavior, and it takes some training to make them behave. Seriously, though: The cat[egory] has obviously been named to match Category:Dog training and behavior. Cats do show a lot of behavior, and you can e.g. toilet train them. Therefore: Keep. — Sebastian (talk) 20:47, 2005 Jun 13 (UTC)
 * Delete. There exists some precedent for training cats, but that's only enough to justify one article, not to fill a whole category. Radiant_ >|< 08:23, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Good point. We should distinguish two questions:
 * Is a category needed at all? There are some articles on behavior (Purr, Cat body language – I'd categorize them if we weren't just discussing the deletion). Changing my vote to abstain since I'm reluctant to fight for categories that fit only 2 articles.
 * Should it be renamed? If we keep the category then I'd like to keep the name for consistency; it doesn't hurt to include something that exists only potentially. — Sebastian (talk) 18:41, 2005 Jun 14 (UTC)

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Category:Computer and electronics articles that need to be wikified

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the category above. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete --Kbdank71 13:40, 18 Jun 2005 (UTC)

For the same reasons as peer categories previously nominated on June 5. -- Beland 20:36, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. For the record, though, the other cats nominated on June 5 didn't make consensus.  I'm agreeing with this one because it's empty.  --Kbdank71 14:01, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

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Category:Airports of Lebanon

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the category above. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was keep --Kbdank71 13:41, 18 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. There's only one airport in Lebanon, and only one article about airport-related articles in lebanon, so no need for a category.500LL 19:21, Jun 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep to preserve the standard setup. Neutralitytalk 05:00, Jun 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep per Neutrality's comment. -- Rick Block (talk) 13:06, Jun 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - there are more airports coming, and if we don't categorize them now, then doing later will be much harder. Burgundavia (✈ take a flight?) 19:24, Jun 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep for above reasons. Broad categorization schemes will inevitably have underpopulated members, the exclusion of which hinders the functionality of the overall scheme.  Postdlf 08:00, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

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Category:Causes célèbres

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the category above. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete --Kbdank71 13:43, 18 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. Unencyclopedic, POV, absence of context. zen master   T  07:55, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - inherently arbitrary. - SimonP 00:46, Jun 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, vague. Neutralitytalk 04:59, Jun 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. Its French for "Famous Causes", I'm guessing they want the people/celebs cat'd if they have participated in noteworthy causes. Not really sure how this would work, unless each "cause" was a sub cat.   <> Who ? ¿ ?  18:06, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, vague Gorrister 11:23, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I don't like this one either.  Postdlf 08:01, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, has no purpose --U.U. 18:28, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong Keep. It isn't vague; it's a well known French term in common English usage which means "Famous case" (not "Famous cause"). A cause célèbre is defined in its own article. It's not arbitrary: for something to be a cause célèbre, it must be a long-running case in which the public is involved on one side or the other, preferably both, and which is an exemplar of a particular phenomenon of human society. That is what distinguishes it from merely a well-known law case. David | Talk 23:45, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)

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Category:Mozart symphonies

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the category above. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete --Kbdank71 13:44, 18 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. The contents have been moved to Category:Symphonies by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart to match the naming scheme that has been agreed on in Category:Compositions by composer. — Pladask 09:31, Jun 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. — Sebastian (talk) 20:51, 2005 Jun 13 (UTC)
 * Delete. This vote is perhaps redundant when content had moved to generally agreed cat. Pavel Vozenilek
 * I agree, but it didn't match the speedy deletion criteria. Perhaps opening for this kind of speedy deletion should be considered. — Pladask 18:21, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * I'd vote for that! Sebastian (talk) 18:45, 2005 Jun 14 (UTC)

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text: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Log/2005 June 11


text:
Beatrix Cenci

Beatrix Cenci is an opera in two acts by Alberto Ginastera to a Spanish libretto by the composer and William Shand, based on the historical family of Beatrice Cenci, the Chroniques italiennes by Stendhal, and The Cenci by Percy Shelley. The first performance was on 10 September 1971 by the Opera Society of Washington in Washington, D.C., as part of the opening of the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts. The stage direction was by Gerald Freedman, with choreography by Joyce Trisler, and the conductor was Julius Rudel. New York City Opera first staged the work on 1 April 1973. The European premiere of Beatrix Cenci took place at the Geneva Opera in September 2000.

Roles

 * Beatrix Cenci (soprano)
 * Count Francesco Cenci, father to Beatrix (baritone)
 * Lucrecia Cenci, stepmother to Beatrix (mezzo-soprano)
 * Bernardo Cenci, brother to Beatrix (soprano, 'pants' role)
 * Giacomo Cenci, brother to Beatrix (baritone)
 * Orsino, a prelate (tenor)
 * Andrea, servant to the Count (bass)
 * Olimpio, an assassin (speaking role)
 * Marzio, an assassin (speaking role)
 * A guard (bass)
 * First guest (tenor)
 * Second guest (tenor)
 * Third guest (bass)

Synopsis
The opera is in two acts and 14 scenes. The setting is the Cenci Palace, Rome, in the late 16th century.

Count Francesco Cenci has arranged for a masked ball to celebrate the death of his two sons at Salamanca. The people despise the Count, and his daughter Beatrix and his second wife Lucrecia live in fear of him. Beatrix wants to escape by having her former suitor, Orsino, communicate a letter to the Pope. Orsino, who has taken Holy Orders, destroys the letter.

At the ball, the guests are repelled at the idea of the Count celebrating the deaths of his own sons. They leave, to the terror of Beatrix, who does not want to be alone in her father's company. Orsino enters and covers his destruction of Beatrix's letter by saying that the Pope has rejected her plea. Left alone, the Count rapes Beatrix.

When in exile after reporting her father's act, Beatrix's older brother Giacomo convinces Beatrix to kill her father. She then hires two assassins for the task, Olimpio and Marzio. Lucrecia gives Cenci a sleeping potion. The assassins kill the Count and conceal his body.

Months later, Orsino announces that the Count's body has been discovered. One of the assassins has been killed, and the other has confessed to the murder. Beatrix is arrested for the crime, and then bound and tortured. Finally, she is executed at the scaffold.

title: Beatrix Cenci


text:
GMV

GMV may refer to:

 * Gamo language
 * GMV Innovating Solutions, a Spanish technology company
 * GMV Nashville, an American record label
 * GMV-6, now VTV, an Australian television station
 * Great Malvern railway station, in England
 * Greenwich Millennium Village, a residential area of London
 * Grill Music Venue, a nightclub in Letterkenny, Ireland
 * Gross merchandise volume
 * Army Ground Mobility Vehicle, a vehicle project by the United States Army
 * Ground Mobility Vehicle – (US)SOCOM program – specialized Humvees and GD Flyers used by U.S. Special Operations Forces
 * Guaranteed minimum value

title: GMV


text: Wikipedia:Picture of the day/June 11, 2005


text:
Hamilton Thunder

The Hamilton Thunder were a soccer team located in Hamilton, Ontario, playing in the Western Conference of the Canadian Professional Soccer League. The team played its home fixtures at Brian Timmis Stadium until a rent dispute with the city caused home games to be moved to Vaughan midway through the 2005 season. The Thunder won the regular season Western Conference championship each season from 2003 to 2005, but lost in the Rogers Cup semifinal each of those years.

History
Hamilton Thunder joined the Canadian Professional Soccer League in 2002, which marked the return of professional soccer to the city of Hamilton since the folding of the Hamilton Steelers of the original Canadian Soccer League in 1991. The club played its first competitive match on May 11, 2002, in a friendly against the Toronto Lynx of the USL A-League. Toronto won the match in a 1–0 victory, but Hamilton managed to attract over 2000 spectators to Brian Timmis Stadium a relatively high number for CPSL standards. The club hired Marko Maschke as head coach who previously coached professionally in Germany and China. Maschke brought in several players from the 2001 St. Catharines Wolves playoff champions roster, and signed promising players like Ian Bennett, Miles O'Connor, Matthew O'Connor, Orlin Chalmers, and young goalkeeping prospect Roberto Ferrari. In their debut match the Thunder wrecked the Vaughan Sun Devils in 5–1 victory at home.

Hamilton started off well with a three-game undefeated streak and had four players loaned out to the Calgary Storm of the A-League - Orlin Chalmers, Matthew O'Connor, Salvatore Borgh, and Wojtek Zarzycki. After struggling for a bit the Thunder managed to recuperate and finish third in the Western Conference standings, but missed out at the postseason by losing 3–2 to the Mississauga Olympians in a wildcard match. The 2002 season sparked numerous controversies within the club's organization. One incident occurred on September 20, 2002, where most senior players boycotted a match scheduled that day, due to reports of unpaid salaries to players and staff members, and unpaid rent fees for stadium use. The incident resulted in the resignation of head coach Maschke, and the release of several senior players. The CPSL chairman Vincent Ursini responded that conditions will be applied to Hamilton owner Italo Ferrari. In 2003, Hamilton hired the services of Duncan Wilde as the new head coach with coaching credentials from England. Wilde signed several new additions to the squad - acquiring Aaron Steele, Sergio De Luca, and Dave Simpson. The 2003 campaign started off well with a seven-game undefeated streak placing the Thunder on top of the Western Conference. Unfortunately Wilde announced his resignation as head coach after disagreements with team owner Italo Ferrari, and was replaced by Ivan Marković. Further changes were made by the hiring of former Canadian National Soccer League Commissioner Rocco Lofranco as the club's new CEO, and the signing of Croatian players Petar Dajak, Mario Zupetic, Vedran Bacek, and Zeljiko Dukic.

After only two weeks of coaching Markovic decided to return to Croatia due to unexpected health concerns. His replacement was former Portugal national football team and Benfica F.C. assistant coach Manuel Gonçalves Gomes. Hamilton's situation improved under Gomes as he led them to a seven-game undefeated streak to retain their position on top of the standings in their conference. On the conclusion of the 2003 season Hamilton clinched their first trophy the Western Conference title and qualified for the postseason. Their playoff run came to a conclusion in the semi-finals against Vaughan Sun Devils losing to a score of 2–0.

For the 2004 season, the organization brought in former Hamilton Italo Canadian soccer player and Hamilton Steelers VP Frank Riga to manage the team, and former Steelers player John Di Pasquale was hired to coach. They signed Ottawa Wizards top goalscorer Kevin Nelson, added Charles Gbeke, Blazenko Bekavac, Saša Milaimović and Brazilian Edmilson de Carvalho Barbosa to his roster. Team owner Italo Ferrari fired Di Pasquale in mid-season, and Frank Riga resigned. Italo then brought in former North York Astros coach Jorge Armua. Armua repeated Hamilton's previous success by once again claiming the Western Conference title and securing a playoff berth. In the postseason the Thunder faced Toronto Croatia in the semi-finals, but were defeated by a score of 2–0. Armua resumed his duties as head coach for Hamilton for the 2005 season. Where he once again added more silverware to Hamilton's cabinet by successfully defending their Western Conference title for the third year in a row. The achievement allowed the Thunder Crew a bye to the semi-finals, where the club would face the Oakville Blue Devils - unfortunately Hamilton were deprived of five core players from the starting lineup because the players were affiliated with the Woodbridge Azzuri which consequently discontinued their association with Hamilton resulting in a shortage of players for the club which led to their defeat to Oakville. Once more Hamilton was without controversy as the club was forced out of Brian Timmis Stadium due to unpaid rental fees with a debt over $26,074.21 over several years, which resulted in team to relocate to the Ontario Soccer Centre in Vaughan.

During the 2005 playoffs, the Hamilton Spectator revealed that Italo Ferrari, thought to be the owner of the team, was involved in personal bankruptcy proceedings with no assets, and debts of $2 million; Ferrari claimed to in fact not be the owner. Two weeks after the semifinal loss, the league announced the revocation of the franchise. On October 22, 2005, the CPSL Board of Governors revoked the franchise of the Hamilton Thunder Soccer Club as a member of the CPSL. Top sales rep of the franchise was Gerry Fonzo, now a successful Director of Business Development and Client Retention at the Hamilton Tiger-Cats.

Achievements

 * Canadian Professional Soccer League Western Conference Champions/Regular Season
 * Champions (3): 2003, 2004, 2005

title: Hamilton Thunder


text: Wikipedia:POTD/June 11, 2005

title: Wikipedia:POTD/June 11, 2005


text:
Category:Operas by Alberto Ginastera

Operas by Alberto Ginastera.

title: Category:Operas by Alberto Ginastera


text:
The Little Mole

The Little Mole (Czech: Krtek, Krteček) is a series of cartoons as well as the name of their title character, created between 1957 and 2002 by Czech animator Zdeněk Miler. The first short film premiered at the 1957 Venice Film Festival, where it won the award for the best directing achievement. It also won the Venice Film Festival award in 1966 and the Zlín Film Festival award in 2002. Since its inception, the cartoon has gained popularity worldwide, mainly in Europe and Asia.

History
Little Mole was first seen in 1956 in Prague, when Miler wanted to create a children's cartoon about how flax is processed. He wanted a strong Disney influence to the cartoon by choosing an animal for the leading role, and decided to pick a mole after stumbling over a molehill during a walk. The first film, called "Jak krtek ke kalhotkám přišel" ("How the mole got his trousers"), had its premiere at the Venice Film Festival in 1957, where it was awarded two Golden Lions. Production of further episodes started in 1963 and since then, around fifty episodes have been created.

The first episode of the cartoon was narrated, but Miler wanted the cartoon to be understood in every country of the world, so he decided to use his daughters as voice actors, reducing the speech to short non-figurative exclamations in order to express the mole's feelings and world perception. Miler's daughters also became the bottleneck of the creation process as they were the ones who got to see the whole film first, thus Miler was able to decide whether the message of the movie was able to get to children or not.

The only episode where the mole talks is the first one. In the United Kingdom, the cartoons were transmitted by the BBC with English narration by Colin Jeavons. Book adaptations were also published in English.

Inclusion on US Space Shuttle flight
On 16 May 2011, a plush toy of Little Mole was present on board the Space Shuttle Endeavour, where it accompanied the U.S. astronaut Andrew J. Feustel, whose wife is of Czech ancestry, on the STS-134 mission. It is the first animated character sent into space.

US toy market plans
In May 2012, Bloomberg announced that Apple Inc. planned to help Little Mole enter the $21 billion U.S. toy market for the first time.

Mascot
Mole was the mascot for the 2015 European Athletics Indoor Championships in Prague, and was subsequently used to promote the Federation's Athletics for Children programme.

3D adaptation
In 2016, China Central Television Animation and Little Mole a.s. (founded by Zdeněk Miler's granddaughter, Karolína Milerová) created a remake version called The Little Mole and Panda. Two series were filmed in 2016–2017; the project was cancelled in 2019.

Alfa Romeo Racing partnership
On 23 May 2019, Alfa Romeo Racing, a Formula One team, announced Little Mole as the new team partner. Frédéric Vasseur, principal of the team, said that the goal of the partnership is to capture the imagination of hundreds of thousands of children and get them closer to the sport using Little Mole's big follower base all over the world. Mole's iconic figure is appearing on the sidepods of the cars for the rest of the 2019 season.

Music
Music plays an important role in the cartoons, since the characters almost never utter more than emotional sounds, the most common of which is "Ahoj!" ("Hello" in Czech). The original series' music uses acoustic and electric musical instruments, rather than synthesized ones.

Composers
 * Miloš Vacek
 * Vadim Petrov (1974–1994, most episodes)

Filmography

 * In 2000, a DVD collection was published under the English title The Adventures of the Mole.
 * From 2002 to 2004, a set of 60 DVDs entitled "Nejlepších večerníčků" (Best Bedtime Stories) was released, some of which included Little Mole animations. Included in the list below are the DVD numbers for films in this set.
 * A DVD set with all 63 episodes called "приключения Крота" (Mole adventure) was produced for Russian audiences.
 * IMDB episode list

International broadcast

 * 🇩🇪 Germany
 * ARD in Die Sendung mit der Maus

title: The Little Mole


text:
Racism in Russia

Racism in Russia (Pacизм в Pоссии) mainly appears in the form of negative attitudes towards non-ethnic Russian citizens, immigrants or tourists and negative actions against them by some Russians. Traditionally, Russian racism includes antisemitism and Tatarophobia, as well as hostility towards the various peoples of the Caucasus, Central Asia, East Asia and Africa.

According to the United Nations, Russia's immigrant population is the world's third-largest, numbering over 11.6 million. Due to the country's declining population, and the low birth rates and high death rates of ethnic Russians, the Russian government has tried to increase immigration to the country in the last decade; which has led to millions of migrants flow into Russia from mainly post-Soviet states, many of whom are illegal and remain undocumented.

Under serious police pressure, the number of racist acts started to decline in Russia from 2009. In 2016, it was reported that Russia had seen an “impressive" decrease in hate crimes.

Xenophobia

In the late 19th century, especially after nationalistic uprisings occurred in Poland, the government expressed xenophobia in its hostility towards ethnic minorities which did not speak Russian. The government decided to reduce the use of other languages, and it insisted that minorities which did not speak Russian should be Russified.

By the beginning of the 20th century, most European Jews lived in the so-called Pale of Settlement, the Western frontier of the Russian Empire which generally consisted of the modern-day countries of Poland, Lithuania, Belarus and neighboring regions. Many pogroms accompanied the Revolution of 1917 and the ensuing civil war, an estimated 70,000 to 250,000 Jewish civilians were killed in atrocities which were committed throughout the former Russian Empire; the number of Jewish orphans exceeded 300,000.

In the 2000s, tens of thousands of people joined neo-Nazi groups inside Russia. Racism against both the Russian citizens (peoples of the Caucasus, Indigenous peoples of Siberia and Russian Far East, etc.) and non-Russian citizens of Africans, Central Asians, East Asians (Vietnamese, Chinese, etc.) and Europeans (Ukrainians, etc.) is a significant problem.

In 2016, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty reported that "Researchers who track xenophobia in Russia have recorded an "impressive" decrease in hate crimes because the authorities appear to have stepped up pressure on far-right groups".

Using information which was collected during surveys which were conducted in 1996, 2004, and 2012, Hannah S. Chapman, et al. reports a steady increase in Russians' negative attitudes towards seven outgroups. Muscovites especially became more xenophobic.

Public sentiments and politics

In 2006, Amnesty International reported that racism in Russia was "out of control." Russia also has one of the highest immigration rates in Eastern Europe.

Between 2004 and 2008, there were more than 350 racist murders, and Verkhovsky, the leader of the anti-racist SOVA organization, estimated that around 50% of Russians thought that ethnic minorities should be expelled from their region. Vladimir Putin meanwhile was deeply critical of the view that Russia should be "for ethnic Russians", citing the need to maintain harmony in a multiethnic federation. Western commentators have noted that during this period, racist and ultranationalist groups may have been the most significant right-wing opposition to Putin's government.

On 20 April 2011, Konstantin Poltoranin, spokesman for Federal Migratory Service, was fired after saying the "survival of the white race was at stake."

On 24 October 2013, speaking during the Poedinok programme on the Rossia 1 television channel, the leader of Russia's extreme nationalist Liberal Democratic Party of Russia, Vladimir Zhirinovsky, known for his headline-grabbing outbursts, called for imposing limits on the birth rate in the Muslim-dominated North Caucasus region of Russia, and restricting the movement of people from that region across the country. These outbursts occurred shortly after the terrorist attack in Volgograd, which left several Russians dead. Zhirinovsky later apologized for his words. During the programme, there was a live population poll conducted via text messaging and the internet. Zhirinovsky won that popular vote, with over 140 thousand Russians voting in favour of him. Some Russian nationalists believe the best way to stop the uptick in Muslim migration is by using oppressive tactics to "stem the tide". In 2006, in the town of Kondopoga, Karelian republic, a brawl in a café involving Chechen migrants and local Russians turned into a massive riot that lasted for several days.

Publishers and periodicals
Literature of a neopagan, racist, antisemitic, and anti-Christian nature is published by the Moscow publishing house Russkaya Pravda, officially registered in 1994, founded by the neopagan publicist Alexander Aratov (Ogneved). The publishing house aims to "publish and distribute literature on Aryan-Slavic-Russian issues." Mainly, it publishes the newspaper Russkaya Pravda. The publishers of Russkaya Pravda advertised Alexey Dobrovolsky (Dobroslav), one of the founders of Russian neopaganism.

In 1997, Valery Yemelyanov, one of the founders of Russian neopaganism, along with a small number of followers, joined Aratov's small movement and became editor-in-chief of the Russkaya Pravda newspaper. Since 1997, the Russkaya Pravda publishing house, represented by Aratov, has formed, together with the Kaluga Slavic community and other groups, the core of the large neopagan association SSO SRV. In the fall of 2001, some former leaders of the People's National Party and Russian National Unity, as well as the editors of the Russkaya Pravda newspaper, united to create the National Power Party of Russia. Historian Victor Schnirelmann characterizes the publishing house and the newspaper Russkaya Pravda as antisemitic.

The Belye Alvy publishing house publishes racist literature. In St. Petersburg, the books of the Belye Alvy publishing house were distributed by the newspaper Za Russkoye Delo. St. Petersburg human rights activists Ruslan Linkov and Yuri Vdovin have repeatedly appealed to the authorities with a demand to check the facts of the publication of "all kinds of Nazi literature" by the publishing house Belye Alvy.

In 1999, Vladimir Avdeyev (the creator of the doctrine of "racology" about the superiority of the Nordic race) started a series of books called the "Library of Racial Thought" by the Belye Alvy publishing house, under the heading of which he published the works of Russian racial theorists and classics of Western racial theory; in particular, he republished well-known racist writings of the beginning of the 20th century, such as Ludwig Woltmann's Political Anthropology and the works of Hans F. K. Günther, a propagandist of racial anthropology during the Nazi period.

The founder of the band DK, Sergei Zharikov, wrote about the unconditionally pagan nature of rock culture and supported the national idea and messianism. Referencing the works of academician Boris Rybakov, he argued that the pagan ideology is most suitable for the struggle for the independence of the Russian land. Zharikov became the publisher of the neo-Nazi magazine Attack, which pays great attention to neopagan ideas.

Over the years, the fascist newspaper Russian Revansh, the neo-Nazi newspaper Zemshchina, and the racist magazine Heritage of Ancestors have been published. The Knizhny Mir publishing house disseminates racial ideas.

Africans
Official attitudes towards African people were nominally neutral during the Soviet Union, because of its internationalist agenda. As a part of its support of decolonization of Africa, the Soviet Union offered free education for selected citizens of African states. However, once in the Soviet Union, these students experienced everyday racism directed at them from all classes of society. In 1963, Moscow was the site of spontaneous protests which saw African students protest the murder of a black man, who was killed by a family of a Russian woman he was dating.

In 2006, some exchange students claimed that "monkey" insults were so frequent that students ceased reporting them.

In 2010, Jean Sagbo became the first black man in Russia to be elected to government. He is a municipal councillor in the village of Novozavidovo, 100 km north of Moscow.

In 2013, Member of Duma Irina Rodnina has publicly posted a picture showing Obama with a banana on Twitter.

A Tatar owned supermarket in Tatarstan sold calendars with images of American president Obama depicted as a monkey and initially refused to apologize for selling the calendar. They were then forced to issue an apology later.

In mid-2016, after tensions rose between the US and Russia, a Tatarstan ice cream factory produced "Obamka" (little Obama) ice cream with packaging showing a black child wearing an earring; the move was seen as an illustration of both anti-Americanism in Russia and enduring, Soviet-era racism in the country. The company, which stated that the ice cream was not intended to be political, halted production of the line shortly after the controversy arose.

Crimean Tatars
Discrimination against Crimean Tatars was state-enforced during the Soviet era through the racially-based special settlement system, which confined the deported Crimean Tatar nation in small perimeters within Central Asia and the Mari ASSR and deprived them of a variety of civil liberties that other peoples had. While no longer officially a state-mandated institution, prejudice and negative attitudes against Crimean Tatars remain pervasive throughout government and society; a notable example being when Russian consul Vladimir Andreev demanded that none of the invited Russian citizens attend the debut of Haytarma, a film about Crimean Tatar twice Hero of the Soviet Union Amet-khan Sultan, claiming that the film could not possibly be accurate because it was directed by a Crimean Tatar.

Peoples of the Caucasus
In Russia, the word "Caucasian" is a collective term referring to anyone descended from the native ethnic groups of the Caucasus. In Russian slang, Peoples of the Caucasus are called black; this name-calling comes from their relatively darker features. Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the rise of the Muslim population in Russia and the Second Chechen War, many Russian radical nationalists have associated Islam and Muslims with terrorism and domestic crimes. In 2010 Julia Ioffe wrote that this was similar to stereotyping faced by Italian Americans in historical eras.

On 21 April 2001, there was a pogrom in a market in Moscow's Yasenevo District against merchants from the Caucasus. Ethnically motivated attacks against Armenians in Russia have grown so common that the president of Armenia, Robert Kocharyan, raised the issue with high-ranking Russian officials. In September 2006, major ethnic tensions between Russians and Caucasians took place in Kondopoga. In 2006, the crisis in Georgia–Russia relations resulted in the deportation of Georgians from Russia. The Russian side explained the process as law enforcement towards illegal immigrants, whereas the Georgian government accused Russia of ethnic cleansing. The European Court of Human Rights concluded that the detention and collective expulsion of Georgian nationals in 2006 violated the European Convention of Human Rights and ruled, in 2019, that Russia had to pay 10 million Euros in compensation.

In December 2010, there was a massive outbreak of hostility towards Caucasians, culminating in nationalist protests at Manezhnaya Square in Moscow and in other cities. The trigger was the murder of Egor Sviridov, a Russian association football fan, in a street fight on 6 December. On 11 December, thousands of nationalist rioters, outside the Moscow Kremlin building, screamed racist phrases, cried for a "Russia for Russians" and a "Moscow for Muscovites," attacked Caucasians and other minority groups who passed by, and some – including children as young as fourteen – made the Nazi salute. The next day, a similar riot was held in Rostov-on-Don, and afterwards, the city's government banned Caucasians from performing Lezginka, their traditional dance, in the city. Later, the police chief in Moscow said that civil liberties were a hindrance in security and that migration should be restricted. Vladimir Kvachkov, a major Russian nationalist leader of the organization People's Liberation Front of Russia (which says its major goal is to "free" Russia from Caucasian and Hebrew "occupiers"), made the following statement: "We Russian nationalists, the initiators of the people's front, we are telling you that the events of 11 December are the beginning of the revolutionary changes in Russia, the first outbursts of the approaching Russian revolution... You are the ones who can participate in it."

People of Central Asia
In 2016, Kyrgyzstan's President Almazbek Atambayev urged Russians to show respect to his countrymen after an assault on two migrants in Moscow. Racial discrimination of work-migrants from Central Asians (called gastarbeiters, rus. гастарбайтеры) became a systematic norm after the fall of the Soviet Union.

Jews
On 11 January 2006, Alexander Koptsev burst into Bolshaya Bronnaya Synagogue in Moscow and stabbed eight people with a knife. In March, he was sentenced to 13 years in prison. In 2008, allegations of blood libel appeared in posters in Novosibirsk. The Federation of Jewish Communities of Russia expressed their concern about a rising number of attacks targeting Jews, calling it part of "a recent surge in anti-Semitic manifestations" in Russia.

In 2019, Ilya Yablogov wrote that many Russians were keen on antisemitic conspiracy theories in 1990s but it declined after 2000 and many high-ranking officials were forced to apologize for the antisemitic behavior.

The 2019 Pew Research poll found that 18% of Russians held unfavorable views of Jews, dropping from 34% in 2009.

Yakuts
Sergey Nikolaev, a 46-year-old man from the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic, was brutally murdered by a group of racist youths after a soccer match who were targeting people who didn't look like an ethnic Russian. Nikolaev, with a Eurasian complexion, lost his life at the scene. Despite numerous witnesses, no one intervened or alerted the police for 30 minutes. Russian society grapples with the escalating violence fueled by ethnic hatred.

Vietnamese
In October 2004 Russian skinheads stabbed and beat a Vietnamese student named Vu Anh Tuan, killing him. Vu Anh Tuan was 20 years old when he was killed in St. Petersburg. In October 2006 the 17 skinheads who were on trial for his murder were acquitted by a court.

A protest was held by 100 Vietnamese against the murder of Vu Anh Tuan, and a protestor said "We came to study in this country, which we thought was a friend of Vietnam. We do not have drunken fights, we do not steal, we do not sell drugs and we have the right to protection from bandits".

In Moscow on 25 December 2004 a crowd of people used clubs and knives to attack 2 Vietnamese students at the Moscow Energy Institute, Nguyen Tuan Anh and Nguyen Hoang Anh and they suffered severe injuries and were hospitalized.

In 2005 in Moscow, three Russians stabbed a 45-year-old Vietnamese man named Quan to death.

In Moscow on Festivalnaya Street in 2008 a group of young men stabbed a 35-year-old Vietnamese woman, who later died of her wounds.

On 9 January 2009 a group of strangers in Moscow stabbed a Vietnamese student named Tang Quoc Binh who was 21 years old and the wounds were fatal resulting in his death on 10 January.

Amid hostility towards migrant workers, around 600 Vietnamese were rounded up in Moscow and placed in tents while waiting to be deported from Russia in August 2013.

Non-ethnic Russians
In Moscow's challenging housing market, discrimination against ethnic minorities is prevalent, despite laws prohibiting such practices. A data journalism project, Robustory, analyzed 35,796 property listings on Cian.ru in April 2017, revealing that approximately 16 percent, or 5,780 ads, discriminated based on ethnicity or nationality. The Severny district emerged as the most discriminatory, with 58 percent of landlords specifying Slavic origins for tenants.

Association football
After it was announced that Russia will host 2018 FIFA World Cup, a head of UEFA FARE Monitoring Centre, Dr. Rafał Pankowski, accused the Russian Football Union of downplaying racist chants in stadiums, saying: "Nazi slogans are common in many Russian stadiums. Matches are often interrupted with racist chants aimed at black players." More than 100 incidents took place 2012–2014.

Cameroonian player André Amougou constantly suffered racism while playing for Lokomotiv Moscow. As Zenit Saint Petersburg kicked off their 2006/2007 Russian Premier League campaign against visitors Saturn Moscow Oblast, Brazilian footballer Antônio Géder was received with a chorus of monkey chants at Petrovsky Stadium. In March 2008, black players of French side Marseille — including André Ayew, Charles Kaboré and Ronald Zubar — were targeted by ultras of Zenit Saint Petersburg. Zenit ultras were later warned by police in Manchester not to repeat their behaviour ahead of the 2008 UEFA Cup Final. Zenit's coach Dick Advocaat revealed that when they attempted to sign Mathieu Valbuena, a Frenchman, many fans asked "Is he a negro?" Also Serge Branco, who played for Krylia Sovetov Samara, accused Zenit's staff of racism, saying: "Each time I play in St Petersburg I have to listen to racist insults from the stands. Zenit bosses do not do anything about it which makes me think they are racists too." On 20 August 2010, Peter Odemwingie of Lokomotiv Moscow signed a 3-year contract with Premier League team West Bromwich Albion. Later, photographs showed Lokomotiv Moscow fans celebrating the sale of Odemwingie through the use of racist banners, including the image of a banana with the text "Thanks West Brom".

On 21 March 2011, during a game away at Zenit Saint Petersburg, a banana was held by one of the fans near Roberto Carlos of Russian Premier League club Anzhi Makhachkala as the footballer was taking part in a flag-raising ceremony. In June, in a match away at Krylia Sovetov Samara, Roberto Carlos received a pass from the goalkeeper and was about to pass it when a banana was thrown onto the pitch, landing nearby.

Lokomotiv Moscow was involved in another incident on 18 March 2012, when a banana was thrown at Anzhi Makhachkala defender Christopher Samba during at a match at the Lokomotiv Stadium.

In October 2013, during the second half of the match, between Manchester City and PFC CSKA Moscow, Yaya Touré, a star midfielder for City from Ivory Coast, walked up to the referee, Ovidiu Hategan, and angrily pointed at CSKA fans making monkey chants and shouting abuse toward him and his black teammates. The game continued and, according to Touré, so did the abuse.

Notable hate crimes
On 9 February 2004, a group of neo-Nazi skinheads stabbed a nine-year-old Tajik girl, Khursheda Sultanova, to death in Saint Petersburg. In 2006, the Saint Petersburg Agency for Journalistic Investigations revealed the fact that the suspected perpetrators of the hate crime were members of the "Mad Crowd" gang.

On 14 June 2011, the Saint Petersburg City Court sentenced 12 members of the gang which was led by Alexei Voevodin and Artyom Prokhorenko for their roles in dozens of racist attacks.

On 15 December 2008, Artur Ryno and Pavel Skachevsky were sentenced to penal labour for 10 years each for the murder of 19 foreigners. They were placed on the list of people banned from entering the United Kingdom, remaining the only Russians on the list. The reason given is that they are "Leaders of a violent gang that beat migrants and posted films of their attacks on the internet. Considered to be engaging in unacceptable behaviour by fomenting serious criminal activity and seeking to provoke others to serious criminal acts." A judge who conducted the trial, Eduard Chuvashov, was gunned down on 12 April 2010, four days after he added two years to the 20-year prison sentence of a member of their gang.

Murder of anti-fascist activists

 * On 19 June 2004, Nikolai Girenko, a prominent ethnologist and a prominent adviser in 15 ethnic hate crimes trials, was shot to death in his Saint Petersburg apartment. On 14 June 2011, members of neo-Nazi gang Mad Crowd were sentenced to jail for a number of killings including Girenko.
 * On 13 November 2005, the murder of Timur Kacharava, a Russian anti-fascist of Georgian descent, took place. On 7 August 2007, Alexander Shabalin was sentenced to 12 years in prison for his murder.
 * On 19 January 2009, while leaving a news conference, a human rights lawyer and journalist Stanislav Markelov was gunned down in Moscow. Anastasia Baburova, a journalist for Novaya Gazeta who tried to come to Markelov's assistance, was also shot and killed in the attack. On 6 May 2011, the court sentenced two radical nationalists, Nikita Tikhonov and his girlfriend Yevgenia Khasis, to life imprisonment and 18 years in prison, respectively.
 * On 16 November 2009, Ivan Khutorskoy, former punk singer and head of security for anti-fascist shows, was killed in a suburb of Moscow. He was known for organizing self-defense classes for anti-fascist individuals and he was also known for providing security at press conferences which were held by Stanislav Markelov.

Cherkizovsky Market bombing
On 21 August 2006, a home-made bomb exploded in Moscow at the Cherkizovsky Market, which is frequented by foreign merchants. On 15 May 2008, eight people of Russian radical nationalist organization Spas were found guilty for their roles in the attack that left 14 dead. Semyon Charny from the Moscow Bureau for Human Rights says: "The fact that this case found its way to court, and the example of people sentenced to life for the Cherkizovo market blast shows that we are moving in the right direction – but there's still a lot to do."

Execution of a Tajik and a Dagestani
Execution of a Tajik and a Dagestani (Казнь таджика и дагестанца) is a video clip that was distributed in the Russian Internet segment in August 2007, showing the beheading of a Russian citizen of Dagestani origin and the shooting of a Tajik immigrant by Russian neo-nazis.

The video sparked active discussions in the Russian media. On 17 March 2008, the District Court of Novgorod ruled the video as extremist, and banned its distribution in the Russian Federation.

The video was posted on behalf of the National Socialist Party of Rus' (Национал-социалистической партии Руси) on the personal livejournal blog of Adygean college student Viktor Milnikov. After a few days, he was arrested and later sentenced to one year of corrective labour by Maykop court.

On 5 June 2008, scenes of decapitation on video were identified as authentic by the Russian Investigation Committee. On the same day, one of the victims on the footage was identified by his relatives as Shamil Odamanov, a native of Dagestan.

title: Racism in Russia


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Todd grossman

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was speedy again, 3rd time # 09:52, 03:08, 14 Jun 2005 Meelar deleted "Todd grossman" - Mailer Diablo 00:53, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Todd grossman
Vanity. (This appears to have been incorrectly VfDed, speedied, and recreated, so I'm leaving the previously made votes below, I assume they still stand. --W(t) 16:43, 2005 Jun 13 (UTC)

 * Delete Kid vanity.
 * Vote by User:R Lee E
 * Speedy delete -- Infrogmation 01:46, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: Geogre's Law failure. Some dude.  He is a vice president of a company, and he's 25.  Ok.  Now, what's on TV? Geogre 17:04, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Daniel

Daniel commonly refers to:

 * Daniel (given name), a masculine given name and a surname
 * List of people named Daniel
 * List of people with surname Daniel
 * Daniel (biblical figure)
 * Book of Daniel, a 2nd-century BCE biblical apocalypse, "an account of the activities and visions of Daniel"

Daniel may also refer to:

Literature

 * Daniel (Old English poem), an adaptation of the Book of Daniel
 * Daniel, a 2006 novel by Richard Adams
 * Daniel (Mankell novel), 2007

Music

 * "Daniel" (Bat for Lashes song) (2009)
 * "Daniel" (Elton John song) (1973)
 * "Daniel", a song from Beautiful Creature by Juliana Hatfield
 * Daniel (album), a 2024 album by Real Estate

Other arts and entertainment

 * Daniel (1983 film), by Sidney Lumet
 * Daniel (2019 film), a Danish film
 * Daniel (comics), a character in the Endless series

Businesses

 * Daniel (department store), in the United Kingdom
 * H & R Daniel, a producer of English porcelain between 1827 and 1846
 * Daniel (restaurant), New York City

Places

 * Daniel, Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland, a village
 * Daniel, Utah, United States, a town
 * Daniel, Wyoming, United States, a census-designated place
 * Daniel (mountain), in the Austrian alps

Other uses

 * Daniel (angel), a fallen angel
 * Daniel (son of David), also known as Chileab, a biblical figure
 * List of storms named Daniel, several storms
 * Daniel (rocket), a French experimental rocket

title: Daniel