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Cleland National Park

Cleland National Park, formerly Cleland Conservation Park, is a protected area located in the Adelaide Hills, South Australia about 22 km south-east of the Adelaide city centre. It conserves a significant area of natural bushland on the Adelaide Hills face, including Mount Lofty Summit and Waterfall Gully.

Formerly a conservation park, Cleland was combined with the bordering Eurilla Conservation Park in November 2021 when it was upgraded to the status of national park. The area includes Cleland Wildlife Park, a major tourist attraction, with the draft plan suggesting that the Wildlife Park will be a part of the new Cleland National Park, but this is open to public consultation until late January 2022.

The park is classified as an IUCN Category II protected area.

History
Cleland Conservation Park was established on 1 January 1945 and classified as Category II protected area in IUCN protected area management categories. The primary objective for Category II is "to protect natural biodiversity along with its underlying ecological structure and supporting environmental processes, and to promote education and recreation".

The conservation park was named for Sir John Burton Cleland (1878–1971), a renowned naturalist, microbiologist, mycologist and ornithologist, and member of the Royal Society of South Australia. After a career in medicine and pathology, Cleland became keenly interested in wildlife conservation.

In November 2017 a concept plan was announced by the Weatherill government to revamp the park, including a hotel and a cable car connection, but the plan was described by critics as "pre-election glitter". The Weatherill government was not returned at the subsequent election in March 2018.

On 26 November 2021 Cleland Conservation Park was combined with Eurilla Conservation Park, which was adjacent to it, and proclaimed a national park. The area includes the Cleland Wildlife Park precinct, with the draft plan suggesting that the Wildlife Park will be a part of the new Cleland National Park. The executive director of the National Parks and Wildlife Service South Australia said that the decision was made of the collective conservation significance of both of the former conservation parks, with their ecologically significant flora and fauna. The draft management plan was developed in collaboration with technical specialists, Aboriginal representatives, park managers and other stakeholders, and is open to the public consultation for three months (25 October 2021 – 25 January 2022). The Wildlife Park requires different management from the rest of the park due to the number of visitors, needing to be managed as a commercial zone. The draft plan also includes possible tourist accommodation areas, on land currently within the Wildlife Park, but away from the animal enclosures.

Location and description
The park is located in the Adelaide Hills, South Australia about 22 km south-east of the Adelaide city centre. The conservation park occupies land in the gazetted suburbs of Cleland, Crafers and Waterfall Gully.

By far the largest part of the park consists of bushland, mostly woodland with some open spaces where clearing has taken place.

There are a number of walking trails, including the Waterfall Gully – Mount Lofty summit trail, a popular and fairly challenging ascent of the west side of Mount Lofty, and parts of the long distance Heysen and Yurrebilla Trails, which run north–south along the higher ground in the east of the park.

From December 2012, many trails in the park became shared-use, allowing mountain bikers to also make use of the trails.

Legislation and management
All the reserves and parks in South Australia are proclaimed under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972 (NPW Act) and the Wilderness Protection Act 1992 (the WP Act). Conservation of reserves are committed to the Minister under the Crown Land Management Act 2009. The NPW Act provides for the establishment and administration of reserves for conservation of wildlife in a natural environment, public benefit and pleasure and for other purposes.

The Hills and Fleurieu Landscape Board, which replaced the Natural Resources Adelaide and Mt Lofty Ranges (AMLR) in November 2020, is responsible for managing the natural assets of Adelaide Hills and Fleurieu Peninsula regions.

Cleland was formerly maintained by the South Australian Department for Environment & Water, and before that its predecessor, the Department for Water & Natural Resources.

Cleland Wildlife Park
Cleland Wildlife Park is managed separately from the national park, as a major tourist destination since 1967 and  attracting around 100,000 tourists every year. It is a member of the South Australian Tourism Hall of Fame, having won the "Significant Tourism Attraction" category in 2007, 2008 and 2009 at the South Australian Tourism Awards, and in 2021 won the Silver Award for South Australia's best tourist attraction.

The park allows visitors to get close to the native animals in their natural environment, and offers a number of experiences such as being photographed while holding a koala, interacting with reptiles every day of the week, observing and listening to the keepers at feeding times, meeting an short-beaked echidna, various guided day and night walks and children's experiences. Wandering around the enclosures, some of the animals are able to be patted, such as the kangaroos (red and western grey) and swamp wallabies. Other animals at the park include Tasmanian devils, southern hairy-nosed wombats, western pygmy possums, bilbies, yellow-footed rock wallabies, dingoes and many native birds, and reptiles including snakes and goannas.

It is accessible by sealed road from both the South Eastern Freeway and Greenhill Road, and on foot on a formed but steep track from Waterfall Gully or Mount Lofty. A limited public bus service operates.

Mount Lofty summit
Mount Lofty summit is 727 m above sea level. It provides sweeping vistas across the Adelaide Plains and Gulf St Vincent. Flinders Column, a white painted obelisk shaped like a lighthouse, is a landmark which can be seen from far away on a clear day. Car parking facilities are provided: charges are payable. Public bus route 823 serves the summit with three journeys a day (including weekends and most holidays). Other facilities include an information centre/ souvenir shop, a cafe/restaurant (closed Mondays) and public toilets.

Waterfall Gully
Waterfall Gully, another popular part of the park, is located on its western edge. It can be accessed via the sealed Waterfall Gully Road. The main attraction is a waterfall, the largest of several in the park. The base is a short walk from the car park and the top can be reached by a formed but steep footpath, which continues to Cleland Wildlife Park and Mount Lofty summit.

title: Cleland National Park


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Szanticska

Szanticska is a former village in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County, Hungary. With a population of 5 people in 2001 Szanticska is famous for being regarded the smallest settlement in Hungary, although officially it is not an independent municipality but part of the village Abaújlak since 1870. In fact, mentioning it as "smallest settlement in Hungary" has neither official nor statistical basis rather it is a kind of urban legend born in the 1980s.

History
Szanticska was first mentioned in 1317. Its name comes from the name of St. Stephen (Szent István in Hungarian). During the Ottoman occupation of Hungary, the area was an important wine district, later it became deserted, but in the 18th century it was a populated place again. In 1870 it was annexed to Abaújlak.

Between the World Wars the village prospered, but the population started to decrease in the 1930s, mostly because the village didn't have a school. In 1988 the village had only one resident. During the 1990s Szanticska experienced a revival; some new residents settled down in the village and now it is a holiday resort where people can have an insight into everyday life of Hungarian peasants in the 19th century. Szanticska also hosts Hungarian schoolchildren during the summer for weeklong camps.

There are 19 houses and 2 churches in the village, as well as one store sporadically open an hour or two based on the number of visitors.

Other data

 * Postal code: 3815
 * Calling code: (+36) 46

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Szanticska


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File:Moving-pictures-cover.jpg

Moving Pictures cover, from https://www.abebooks.co.uk/servlet/BookDetailsPL?bi=21507288838

title: File:Moving-pictures-cover.jpg


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Jane Wallace (journalist)

Jane Wallace is an American journalist. She was correspondent for CBS News as well as the news magazine West 57th.

Education
Wallace was one of the first female graduates of Yale College. While there, she also worked part-time at TV stations in Washington, D.C.

Career
After graduating college, she was an on-the-air reporter for a station in New Haven, Connecticut. Wallace was sent to Central America in the 80s by CBS. During her time at CBS, she covered two international stories, the exposition of US government's mining of a Nicaraguan harbor and the hiring of drug-smuggling pilots from the CIA. She also covered the riots in Haiti.

In 1994, she hosted the half hour news program Under Scrutiny with Jane Wallace on the new fX cable television channel.

Family
Wallace has an adopted son named Zach (Zachariah Max). She is the fourth of five girls and a son. Her younger sister named Susan (Suki) Wallace who used to work at a TV station in Chicago. She was a reporter at NBC's South Florida affiliate, WTVJ. Her sister passed away in January 2018, after a battle with cancer.

title: Jane Wallace (journalist)


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List of parliamentary constituencies in Leicestershire and Rutland

The ceremonial county of Leicestershire (which includes the unitary authority of Leicester), is divided into 10 parliamentary constituencies - 3 borough constituencies and 7 county constituencies. One of these also includes the small historic county of Rutland, which was administratively a district of Leicestershire from 1974 to 1997. Since 1997, Rutland has been a separate unitary authority.

Historic constituencies
In the unreformed House of Commons, Leicestershire and Rutland were represented by two Knights of the Shire each, and the only parliamentary borough was Leicester, which sent two burgesses.

Under the Reform Act 1832, Leicestershire was split into two divisions, North and South, which each elected two members. The Reform Act 1885 redistributed these seats into four single-member divisions: Melton, or Eastern, Loughborough, or Mid, Harborough, or Southern, and Bosworth, or Western.

At the 1918 general election, the four divisions of the county were retained, and the borough of Leicester was split into three single-member constituencies, Leicester East, Leicester South, and Leicester West. From 1950 to 1974 Leicester had four constituencies, these being Leicester North East, Leicester North West, Leicester South East and Leicester South West: the three seat arrangement of South, East and West was reverted to thereafter.

Rutland constituted a constituency on its own until 1918, when it became part of the Rutland and Stamford constituency, with nearby Stamford in Lincolnshire.

In 1983, seats in Leicestershire were redrawn. Rutland was merged with Melton to form Rutland and Melton, with Loughborough, Bosworth, and Harborough remaining as seat names. The new North West Leicestershire constituency was created. A further constituency, Charnwood was created in the north for the 1997 election.

2010
In the Fifth Review the Boundary Commission for England recommended that Leicestershire retained its current constituencies, with minor changes only to reflect revisions to local authority ward boundaries. Although virtually unchanged, Blaby was renamed South Leicestershire on the grounds that it does not match the borders of Blaby district, and the village of Blaby itself is not one of the major population centres.

2024
See 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies for further details.

Following the abandonment of the Sixth Periodic Review (the 2018 review), the Boundary Commission for England formally launched the 2023 Review on 5 January 2021. Initial proposals were published on 8 June 2021 and, following two periods of public consultation, revised proposals were published on 8 November 2022. The final recommendations were published on 28 June 2023 and in place for the 2024 General Election.

The commission has included Leicestershire and Rutland with Lincolnshire in a sub-region of the East Midlands region, creating one additional seat by re-establishing the constituency of Rutland and Stamford, which spans all three counties. As a consequence, Rutland and Melton is now abolished, being replaced by Melton and Syston, while a reconfigured Charnwood has been renamed Mid Leicestershire. Bosworth is renamed Hinckley and Bosworth and Harborough renamed Harborough, Oadby and Wigston.

Results history
Primary data source: House of Commons research briefing - General election results from 1918 to 2019

2024
The number of votes cast for each political party who fielded candidates in constituencies comprising Leicestershire and Rutland in the 2024 general election were as follows:

Percentage votes
11983 & 1987 - SDP-Liberal Alliance

2 2019- Brexit Party

* Included in Other

Seats
11983 & 1987 - SDP-Liberal Alliance

Historical representation by party
A cell marked → (with a different colour background to the preceding cell) indicates that the previous MP continued to sit under a new party name.

1918 to 1950
From 1918 to 1983 Rutland was categorised with Lincolnshire.

1950 to 1983
From 1918 to 1983 Rutland was categorised with Lincolnshire.

1983 to present
1includes parts of Lincolnshire


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Category talk:Wikipedia requested articles

NATURE AND CHARACTER OF LEADERS;
Many would hold various thoughts and theories about what leadership is and how one can develop to become one.Sadly theorists dispute the two leadership aspects; 1. leadership is inborn- possibly this has been captured from some qualities and characters exhibited by some leaders and not not observed in others.Many would agree that leadership can be acquired but it would not be as much effective as compared to the inborn one.NOTE; this mostly associated with bloodline in ones family. 2.Acquired leadership- its also true that a person can be trained and can turn out to be an effective leader.hence its ideal to incorporate the two aspects — Preceding unsigned comment added by Lumumba Kimani Frank (talk • contribs) 12:45, 13 July 2014 (UTC)

phonerotica
197.231.200.14 (talk) 22:03, 20 April 2015 (UTC)

 * as you have not requested a change. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format. --I am  k6ka  Talk to me!   See what I have done  22:12, 20 April 2015 (UTC)


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File:Reaper-man-cover.jpg

Reaper Man cover, from http://www.lspace.org/ scaled to make comply with Wikipedia rules.

title: File:Reaper-man-cover.jpg


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Talk:Radiological warfare

Untitled
WTF! "radiological warfare might well be a far more safe and humane way to conduct extermination of large numbers of people, or the emptying out of troublesome political centres, than any of the various biological alternatives."

Note bolded words, it doesn't really seem to fit, does it??
 * No it doesn't. cyclosarin 08:23, 21 January 2007 (UTC)

 * I mean a biological threat can be contagious and spread outside the area unnoticed but a radiological source lingers around ,even if you clear out the population from radiation. they both have pros and cons. Dawn Lim (talk) 09:51, 8 April 2022 (UTC)

Fictional Sources
This article seems to draw heavily from fictional sources for its information on the uses of radiological warfare. This seems to lead to much speculation and lack of actual fact. I suggest removing the paragraphs based on fictional works and rewriting them with actual cited scientific research.

Also, the last paragraph seems to be complete speculation. Its suggestion of ethical human mass killings is obviously not pertinent to the article; to say the least. I believe this paragraph should be removed entirely. Please comment.

Removed Fictional Sources
I have removed the parts of this article referencing or pertaining to the aforementioned fictional sources. This article is still in need to some sound research. It should be expanded to include referenced sources and verifiable information.

Big gap
Why isn't Cohen's neutron bomb mentioned here?

 * Probably because it's a nuclear weapon (or enhanced radiation weapon) whose main weapons effect is neutron irradiation of enemy troops - it doesn't disseminate radioactivity such as fallout and its area denial properties are temporary - friendly troops could enter an area over which a neutron bomb had detonated after a short while with minimal hazard.

 * The neutron bomb was originally meant to be detonated (according to its inventor, Sam Cohen) at high altitude so its weapon effect on the ground under it would be prompt, temporary irradiation of enemy troops with lethal or incapacitating neutron radiation in a small area under the detonation. That makes it, strictly speaking, not a radiological weapon in the same sense a salted bomb or a dirty bomb is, as ideally it would leave little residual fallout or other radiation compared to a radiological weapon as we define it here.

 * Unfortunately (again, according to Mr. Cohen) the Army wound up getting the neutron bomb and didn't have delivery systems capable of sending enhanced radiation weapons that high in the sky, so there was a wider area of lethal irradiation, and other weapon effects such as blast and heat were present in the target area.

 * W79 neutron howitzer shells, for example, were developed which weren't noticeably more humane or focussed in their effects on enemy formations (as opposed to civilians in densely-populated areas such as Germany where they'd be used to stall Soviet tank formations) than other tactical nuclear weapons, because the Army's howitzers couldn't loft them as high as needed to only irradiate enemy in a small area under the detonation.

 * The W70 neutron warhead for the short-range tactical MGM-52 Lance missile had enough fusion fuel to be reconfigurable as a 100 kiloton thermonuclear weapon (this is now, with our more accurate ICBMs considered a "strategic" weapon yield), and excessively wide prompt neutron radiation field, heat, and blast effects not confinable to a Soviet troop formation, but effecting nearby civilians (there was a grim joke during the Cold War that German towns were "two kilotons apart"). According to Cohen, W70 didn't meet his original objective of a humanitarian weapon with effects confined to enemy troops. loupgarous (talk) 06:37, 16 November 2017 (UTC)

 * The area covered by the fallout plume will be smaller if one is using a neutron bomb, as it will not eject as much material from its crater as a "normal weapon", although the fallout will very likely be more intense in that (smaller) area. · · · Omnissiahs hierophant (talk) 14:44, 3 August 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Radiological warfare


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User:Postrach

Writen form of my english is terrible. Sometimes i am adding interwiki to english pages, but english pages are one of sources for my articles in czech wikipedia. I have also account in Czech Wikipedia. I have some general background in natural sciences and my main hobby are steam engines and technology of 19th century and 20th century.

cs:Wikipedista:Postrach de:Benutzer:Postrach sk:Redaktor:Postrach

title: User:Postrach


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John E. Blakeley

John E. Blakeley (1 October 1888 – 20 February 1958) was a British film producer, director and screenwriter, the founder of Mancunian Films.

Born in Ardwick, Manchester, son of James Blakeley (born c. 1862; Manchester), and Margaret Quirk (born c. 1861; Glasgow, Scotland), he was of Lancashire (Church of England) descent on his father's side of the family and Irish Catholic on his mother's. His father had become an early film distributor in 1908 after previous work as a travelling draper. Blakeley joined his father's business and soon came to understand the tastes of the emerging cinema audiences in the northern industrial towns. By the 1930s, the younger Blakeley was making films starring the idols of northern music hall comedy: George Formby, Frank Randle and Sandy Powell.

Initially relying on studios in London, rising costs encouraged him to found the Mancunian Film Studios in his hometown in 1947. With £70,000 capital, a former Methodist chapel on Dickenson Road in Rusholme was converted into a film studio. The studios produced a sequence of profitable films, often on shoestring budgets, until Blakeley's retirement in 1953. The following year the studios were sold to the BBC. Blakeley died in Stockport aged 69.

Director

 * Dodging the Dole (1936)
 * Somewhere in England (1940)
 * Somewhere in Camp (1942)
 * Somewhere on Leave (1942)
 * Home Sweet Home (1945)
 * Demobbed (1946)
 * Under New Management (1946)
 * Holidays with Pay (1948)
 * Somewhere in Politics (1948)
 * Cup-Tie Honeymoon (1948)
 * What a Carry On! (1949)
 * School for Randle (1949)
 * Over the Garden Wall (1950)
 * Let's Have a Murder (1950)
 * It's a Grand Life (1953)

Producer

 * The Penny Pool (1937)
 * Calling All Crooks (1938)

title: John E. Blakeley


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Petar Brzica

Petar "Pero" Brzica (born ca. 1917) Friganović's comments in full:"'''“Franciscan Pero Brzica, Ante Zrinušić, Sipka and I waged a bet on who would slaughter more prisoners that night. The killing started and already after an hour I slaughtered much more than they did. It seemed to me that I was in seventh heaven. I had never felt such bliss in my life. And already after a few hours I slaughtered 1,100 people, while the others only managed to kill 300 to 400 each. And then, when I was experiencing the greatest ecstasy I noticed an elderly peasant standing and peacefully and calmly watching me slaughter my victims and them dying in the greatest pain. That look of his shook me: in the midst of the greatest ecstasy I suddenly froze and for some time couldn't make a single move. And then I walked up to him and found out that he was some Vukasin [Mandrapa] from the village of Klepci near Capljina whose whole family had been killed, and who was sent to Jasenovac after having worked in the forests. He spoke this with incomprehensible peace which affected me more than the terrible cries around us. All at once I felt the wish to disrupt his peace with the most brutal torturing and, through his suffering, to restore my ecstasy and continue to enjoy the inflicting of pain. “I singled him out and sat him down on a log. I ordered him to cry out: ‘Long live Poglavnik [Fuehrer] Pavelić!', or I would cut his ear off. Vukasin was silent. I ripped his ear off. He didn't say a word. I told him once again to cry out ‘Long live Pavelić!' or I would tear off the other ear too. I tore off the other ear. ‘Yell: “Long live Pavelić!”, or I'll tear off your nose.' And when I ordered him for the fourth time to yell ‘Long live Pavelić!' and threatened to take his heart out with a knife, he looked at me, that is, somehow through me and over me into uncertainty and slowly said: ‘Do your job, child.' [Radi ti, dijete, svoj posao.] After that, these words of his totally bewildered me. I froze, plucked out his eyes, tore out his heart, cut his throat from ear to ear and threw him into the pit. But then something broke within me and I could no longer kill that night ... Brzica won the bet because he had slaughtered 1,360 prisoners and I paid the bet without a word.” (Qtd. in The Role of the Vatican in the Breakup of the Yugoslav State, by Dr. Milan Bulajić, Belgrade, 1994: 156-57; from a January 1943, interview with Friganović by psychiatrist Dr. Nedo Zec, who was also an inmate at Jasenovac.)" was a Croatian Franciscan of the "Order of Friars Minor" who became a mass murderer during the Ustaše regime. He committed his atrocities at the Jasenovac concentration camp during World War II. He personally murdered up to 1,360 inmates at the camp.

Background
Before the war, Brzica was a scholarship student at the Franciscan college of Široki Brijeg in Herzegovina and a member of The Great Brotherhood of Crusaders, an organization part of the Croatian Catholic movement. He spent some time studying law in Zagreb where he became a Ustaše Youth member, later becoming a member of the fascist Ustaša government (1941–45) and one of the guards in the Jasenovac concentration camp.

As a member of Ustaša, he held the rank of Lieutenant. He won a contest in which he used a curve-bladed knife, also called a srbosjek ("Serb-cutter"), to kill newly arrived concentration camp prisoners. Brzica boasted of winning the contest by killing the largest number of prisoners – 1,360 people. Other sources set Brzica's "record" at a lower number, between 670 and 1,100.

title: Petar Brzica


text: Category:Towers in Estonia

title: Category:Towers in Estonia


text: Category:Buildings and structures in Estonia


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Water féerie

"Water féerie" (Belarusian language: Водная феерыя, Vodnaya feyeryya) was a flashmob performance, initiated by several Belarusian youth opposition movements on May 14, 2005 on the 10th anniversary of the referendum (which abolished historical national symbols of Belarus: white-red-white flag and Pahonia coat of arms).

The action was in the form of boat racing under white-red-white flags and the flag of Europe on Svislach river in Minsk in the vicinity of the Masherov Avenue.

title: Water féerie


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Rupert Friend

Rupert William Anthony Friend (born October 1981) is a British actor. He first gained recognition for his roles in The Libertine (2004) and Mrs. Palfrey at the Claremont (2005), both of which won him awards for best newcomer. He portrayed George Wickham in Pride & Prejudice (2005), Lieutenant Kurt Kotler in The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas (2008), Albert, Prince Consort in The Young Victoria (2009), psychologist Oliver Baumer in Starred Up (2013), CIA operative Peter Quinn in the political thriller series Homeland (2012–2017), Vasily Stalin in The Death of Stalin (2017), Theo van Gogh in At Eternity's Gate (2018), and Ernest Donovan in the series Strange Angel (2018–2019).

In the early 2020s, Friend began collaborating with director Wes Anderson, starting with a cameo in The French Dispatch (2021), followed by roles in Asteroid City (2023) and the Netflix short films The Swan and The Rat Catcher. In 2022, he starred as disgraced British politician James Whitehouse in the series Anatomy of a Scandal and featured in the Disney+ series Obi-Wan Kenobi as the Grand Inquisitor.

Friend is director, screenwriter and/or producer of two award winning short films: The Continuing and Lamentable Saga of the Suicide Brothers (2008) and Steve (2010). He wrote lyrics for the Kairos 4Tet 2013 album Everything We Hold.

Early life and education
Rupert William Anthony Friend was born in October 1981 in Cambridge, England. His mother is Caroline and his father David Oxton Friend, an art historian, and he is the eldest of two children. When he was two, his family moved to a small village in Oxfordshire, called Stonesfield. He was a voracious reader from a young age and loved books by Roald Dahl.

Friend attended The Marlborough C of E School in Woodstock, Oxfordshire.

Originally, Friend wanted to be an archaeologist and travel around the world after seeing Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade in 1989, but scrapped the idea after realising that the occupation was perhaps not as exciting as Indiana Jones's adventures had led him to believe. Instead, he turned to acting, in which he was inspired by Marlon Brando who played Vito Corleone, and Daniel Day-Lewis, whom he described as his childhood hero.

After school Friend took a gap year, in which he travelled to the Cook Islands in the Pacific. There he had a motorcycle accident and had to be airlifted to hospital in New Zealand. His injuries were serious and he was in danger of having a foot amputated. By the time he returned to England to go to college, he was still having to use crutches. Friend received his professional acting training at the Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art in London.

2004–2009
Friend played three minor roles in a stage production of The Laramie Project when he was in his third year in drama school, and was spotted by a casting director. He made his acting debut as Billy Downs opposite Johnny Depp in the 2004 film The Libertine, for which he was named "outstanding new talent" at the 2005 Satellite Awards. He later stated that working with Depp so early in his career was a great lesson in film-acting. In 2005, Friend had his first starring role as Ludovic Meyer in the film adaption of Mrs Palfrey at the Claremont, in which he starred opposite Joan Plowright. In the same year, he portrayed George Wickham in Joe Wright's version of Pride & Prejudice.

Aged 22, Friend was offered a screen test for the part of James Bond after Pierce Brosnan stepped down from the role. He refused, because he felt he lacked the life experience necessary to play the role of Bond.

In 2009, Friend starred in the film Chéri, playing the title character opposite Michelle Pfeiffer. He joined the cast of The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas as Kurt Kotler, a lieutenant in Nazi Germany. In 2010, Friend played Albert, Prince Consort in The Young Victoria. Graham King, producer of Young Victoria, invited Friend to test for the lead role because he remembered his performance in Pride & Prejudice. His portrayal of Albert received acclaim, especially for his attention to detail and thorough preparation for the role. Friend said that the real challenge had been to find a way to portray the darker sides of an essentially good man like Albert, in order to give depth to the character. Around this time, a critic called Friend one of Britain's finest young actors.

2010–2019
In 2010, Friend made his stage debut as Mitchell in the UK premiere of The Little Dog Laughed. He followed this with Dennis Potter's Brimstone and Treacle, in which he played the lead character to good reviews. He starred in the film The Kid, based on the novel by Kevin Lewis. As the film involves boxing, he trained to improve his physical and psychological shape. Critical reception of The Kid overall was less than favourable. He also starred in a French film called Lullaby for Pi, playing a singer called Sam. In 2011, he played Thomas Anders, the protagonist of the film 5 Days of War, which did not receive great reviews.

By 2012, Friend felt dissatisfied with his career and rethought his overall approach to his work and selecting his projects. He has dismissed reports in the media that at that time he considered giving up acting entirely.

In 2013, he played the prison psychologist Oliver Baumer in the film Starred Up. His performance was applauded by critics and nominated for a BIFA Award for Best Supporting Actor. In 2015, he starred as Agent 47 in Hitman: Agent 47, a film based on the Hitman video game franchise, replacing Paul Walker. In order to play the role, he had to shave all his hair. He performed most of his own stunts. The production team sent him copies of all the Hitman games to familiarize himself with the character. However, Friend who calls himself a technophobe, was only able to walk his avatar in circles and soon gave up. The film received mixed reviews. In 2015, Friend provided narration for Nick Knight's folk horror fashion film, The Face of a Dying Dog.

Friend gained worldwide recognition as CIA operative and assassin Peter Quinn in the acclaimed political thriller series Homeland (2012–2017), his first role in a television-series. Introduced in season two as a supporting character, his role became significantly more important as of season three. His performance received widespread acclaim and he was nominated for three awards, including a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Guest Actor In A Drama Series in 2013. Friend's departure from the series was mourned by the press and fans.

After his involvement in Homeland ended in 2017, Friend acted in a number of comedies. In a 2014 interview he had already said that he also wanted to explore the 'farcical side' to his acting. He was offered the lead role in Paul Feig's A Simple Favor, but turned it down to play a funny smaller part in the film instead. He was described as displaying "serious comedic chops" in Armando Iannucci's The Death of Stalin, where he played Stalin's son Vasily.

He was asked by director and painter Julian Schnabel to play Theo van Gogh in At Eternity's Gate (2018), an award-winning biopic about Vincent van Gogh who was played by Willem Dafoe. Friend played the role of the mysterious Ernest Donovan in the series Strange Angel from 2018 to 2019; his performance was praised as being 'of amusing weirdness and a creepy-crawly intensity'.

In 2018 Friend performed a new audio drama by John Patrick Shanley, Last Night in the Garden I Saw You, which featured Michelle Williams. The following year, Friend was asked by screenwriter David Koepp to narrate the audiobook of his debut novel Cold Storage. He voiced the character of Peter Hardy in the 2019 Gimlet scripted podcast Motherhacker.

2020–present
In the early 2020s, Friend joined the group of actors regularly working with director Wes Anderson. The collaboration started with a cameo appearance as an actor playing a drill-sergeant in The French Dispatch (2021), and continued with a more substantial role in the 2023 film Asteroid City. He played leading roles in Anderson's Netflix short films The Swan and The Rat Catcher (2023), based on short stories by Roald Dahl, whom Friend has described as a hero of his.

In 2021, after his success portraying a spy in Homeland, Friend was once again mentioned as the possible next James Bond when Daniel Craig gave up the role. He played a lead role in the 2021 horror film Separation, which got largely negative reviews although Friend's performance as a single father did receive praise. The science fiction film Infinite (2021) in which he played the character Barton alongside Mark Wahlberg, was listed as one of the worst films of 2021.

The following year, Friend played network boss Wilson Sikorsy in Tim Kirkby's film Last Looks (2022), which got positive reviews. He starred opposite Sienna Miller and Michelle Dockery as James Whitehouse, a British politician on trial for rape, in the Netflix mini-series Anatomy of a Scandal. Friend initially turned down the role twice, because he did not feel enough affinity with the privileged Whitehouse. He was only persuaded to take on the part when director S.J. Clarkson challenged him to find a way to portray the humanity of the character. His acting was generally praised, with the series itself getting mixed reviews from critics.

Friend featured as the Grand Inquisitor in Disney+'s series Obi-Wan Kenobi (2022), an experience he said he enjoyed and would like to repeat. The role was physically demanding: the Grand Inquisitor's armour weighed 45 pounds and every day of shooting it took a team of makeup artists four hours to apply the makeup and prosthetics required for the role.

He portrayed one of the main characters in the comedy series High Desert, with Patricia Arquette and Matt Dillon. In February 2022, it was announced that Friend would play a lead role in Zack Snyder's science fiction film Rebel Moon; he withdrew from the project because of scheduling problems. He will be part of the QCode musical podcast series Cupid, planned for release in the summer of 2022. In May 2024, it was announced that he would appear in a 2025 Jurassic film.

On acting
Friend's work as a stage actor has been praised but he prefers film and television. In his own words, he "would not like to do the same thing over and over again every night". Initially, he was also reluctant to take on roles in longer running television shows; at first, he turned down the chance to audition for Homeland.

Friend has stated that he believes imagination is an actor's most important tool. He does extensive background research on his characters. For his role as Prince Albert in The Young Victoria he did historical research to get a better understanding of the character. He learned to ride a horse, walk, talk, play the piano and even write like Albert would have done. In his final Homeland season, his character Peter Quinn is recovering from a stroke and suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder. In preparation for the role, Friend spoke with veterans and medical specialists to help him portray these conditions realistically and with respect.

Director, screenwriter, producer and lyricist
In 2008, Friend and Tom Mison wrote, produced and starred in a short film called The Continuing and Lamentable Saga of the Suicide Brothers. The film won Best Short at the Rhode Island International Horror Film Festival (2010). He founded his own production company called Beat Pictures, and he made his directorial debut with a short film in 2010 called Steve, starring Colin Firth, Keira Knightley and Tom Mison. In addition to directing, he wrote and produced the film, which was later included in the 2012 compilation Stars in Shorts. Steve won Friend the Rhode Island Film Festival Crystal Image Award, and was nominated for the Santa Barbara Film Festival Bruce Corwin Award for Best Short Film.

Plans for Friend to write, direct and star in a feature-length road movie about confidence tricksters called Barton & Charlie & Checco & Bill were mentioned in the media in 2014–2015, but the project did not materialise. In 2018, plans were announced for the feature film Cornerman about boxing trainer Cus D'Amato, with Friend to write and direct and Bruce Willis playing D'Amato.

Friend was asked by Adam Waldmann, the leader of the jazz ensemble Kairos 4tet, to write the lyrics for a track on their 2011 album Statement of Intent, and was then asked to contribute lyrics for their 2013 album Everything We Hold, which received positive reviews. His lyrics were sung by Marc O'Reilly, Omar Lye-Fook, and Emilia Martensson.

Personal life
From 2005 to 2010, Friend dated actress Keira Knightley, whom he met when filming Pride & Prejudice. He met American athlete and actress Aimee Mullins in 2013, and they became engaged in December 2014. Friend and Mullins were married on 1 May 2016.

title: Rupert Friend


text: Template:EMD cab and cowl

title: Template:EMD cab and cowl


text:
Talk:Steve Sailer

"White supremacy" in the lead
I don't feel that the sourcing justifies the extremely prominent and repetitive implication that Sailor is a white supremacist. The Southern Poverty Law Center and the Columbia Journalism Review are just trivial mentions, with no explanation as to what he has done that justifies that label. We further have two "guilt by association", regarding VDARE and the Unz Review (I note is detailed sourcing on Mr. Unz's writings). I see the TabletMag reference which is worth something, but the weakly sourced guilt-by-implication needs to be removed. power~enwiki ( π, ν ) 02:39, 22 February 2021 (UTC)

 * I agree. That term is used loosely. Some say that all whites are white supremacists. Remove it. Roger (talk) 06:27, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
 * What? Who says that? --Hob Gadling (talk) 08:38, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
 * Sailer is described as a "white supremacist figure" in a significant peer-reviewed academic journal, Theory, Culture & Society. NorthBySouthBaranof (talk) 06:47, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

 * Hm, I think it's appropriate how we currently state that Sailer writes for VDARE, "a website associated with white supremacy", which is well cited. But in order to flatly call Sailer himself a white supremacist we'd need a really solid source. And I'm afraid that, after taking a look at the article in Theory, Culture & Society, I'm not buying that it's solid enough. Simply being peer reviewed is not enough for the Rindermann piece to be considered reliable for the claims it purports to make, and I'd suggest the same goes for this piece here. That's not to say I don't personally think that Sailer's statements make him transparently a white supremacist, but in order for that assessment to make it into the article (i.e. to not be my WP:OR) there is rightly a pretty high bar we'd need to clear. Generalrelative (talk) 17:55, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

 * It is still just mindless name-calling. To give it some meaning, the article should give some examples of his white supremacist opinions, and explain why the term is appropriate. I don't think that there is any agreement on what the term means. Unless the term can be substantiated, remove it. Roger (talk) 04:45, 6 March 2021 (UTC)

 * Someone recently tried to remove the "a website associated with white supremacy" parts, and that would be consistent with other biography articles. Other journalists and writers' pages don't usually have such descriptions attached to publications they've written for. Maybe in some instances a very short description ("newspaper", "scientific journal", "socialist") is added, but "website associated with" is very uncommon. Perhaps to keep ledes short and succinct, as the information is available on the publication's Wiki article, and (if important enough) in the biography body. If the issue is too complicated to be summarized succinctly...perhaps it doesn't belong in the lede? I can see how it's relevant here, but the same could be said for almost any writer. Ornilnas (talk) 06:46, 8 April 2022 (UTC)
 * The relevant policy here is WP:DUE. It appears that reliable sources typically identify VDARE in this way whenever they mention it, so that's what we do too. Generalrelative (talk) 13:58, 8 April 2022 (UTC)
 * It's just very uncommon for a biography lede. Newspapers and magazines are "typically identified" in all kinds of ways that do not get mentioned in the ledes of their writers. Why aren't UPI and Taki's Magazine given similar descriptions? Is the issue that he's known specifically for writing for a white supremacy-associated website, rather than writing for a magazine called "VDARE"? Ornilnas (talk) 06:08, 13 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Newspapers and magazines are "typically identified" in all kinds of ways that do not get mentioned in the ledes of their writers. I don't think so. We go out of our way to give VDARE a special tag because reliable sources go out of their way to give VDARE a special tag. They clearly believe that readers are best served by being informed that VDARE isn't just any magazine. Why aren't UPI and Taki's Magazine given similar descriptions? I don't know. Maybe you should fix that. But WP:OTHERSTUFF is not generally considered a persuasive argument. Is the issue that he's known specifically for writing for a white supremacy-associated website, rather than writing for a magazine called "VDARE"? I don't see why it would be. The issue is as I've stated it above. Generalrelative (talk) 12:26, 13 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Thanks, that actually makes sense. Perhaps what's bothering me is all the sources given in the lede, which normally belong in the body. But moving them might require a rewrite in both, so I won't attempt it now. Ornilnas (talk) 00:54, 14 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Cool, glad to hear. Generalrelative (talk) 01:54, 14 April 2022 (UTC)

June 2023 edit warring and recent content deletion
Recently a large amount of content was deleted from this article, but that deletion was reverted to restore previous consensus language:

"Undid revision 1150218449 by Leonstojka (talk) Restoring consensus language. Changes of this nature would require a new consensus"

However, I see that another editor once again deleted the content contrary to the usual process of WP:BRD. This should not have been done, and when a new change is reverted, the next step is to discuss on the talk page here to develop a consensus, rather than just forcing a change. Hist9600 (talk) 04:09, 3 June 2023 (UTC)
 * From recent article history I guess the involved editors are Leonstojka, Generalrelative, Zacwill. I don't know what the "consensus" is and don't know what parts of the large edit are controversial, but do know that if there isn't really a consensus and it's controversial then WP:BLPUNDEL policy matters a lot, WP:BRD essay matters little. I also know that WP:EDITWAR applies when editors "repeatedly" override contributions of others, and I don't see that in the article history. Peter Gulutzan (talk) 14:07, 3 June 2023 (UTC)

BLP primary sources tag
I see that there is a BLP primary sources tag on this article that has been there since April 2021. However, it does not look like the editor who added it specified exactly what the problem was beyond "primary sources". I'm looking at the article references and not seeing a lot of primary sources. Is this currently an issue that requires the BLP primary sources template? And if so, what are the specific issues? Hist9600 (talk) 14:30, 25 August 2023 (UTC)

 * I'm not seeing the problem either and would support removing the tag. Generalrelative (talk) 19:52, 25 August 2023 (UTC)
 * I went ahead and removed it. Anyone who can justify it should feel free to revert and discuss here, but it really appears to be a hold-over from a previous version of the article. Generalrelative (talk) 19:56, 25 August 2023 (UTC)
 * OK, thanks for checking and removing the tag. Hist9600 (talk) 20:50, 25 August 2023 (UTC)

Primary sourcing
I don't understand this revision from Generalrelative here. Primary sources are not against the rules. The sources given are reputably published, there is no interpretation of the source given in the article, and they "give statements of facts that can be verified by any educated person with access to the primary source". If I'm truly in the wrong here, I'll yield here, but I do not understand why an article on Mr. Sailer wouldn't include him being cited by major newspapers. You won't find a secondary source anywhere on these claims because nobody is exactly writing books about how Mr. Sailer was cited in a NYT article. Pepper-0 (talk) 20:16, 21 January 2024 (UTC)

 * Without secondary coverage, it's just not clear that these fleeting mentions are notable enough to be WP:DUE for inclusion in an encyclopedia. Generalrelative (talk) 20:43, 21 January 2024 (UTC)
 * I guess this one can be argued either way, although I tend to agree with Generalrelative here. For example, on Richard Hanania there is mention of the outlets he has written for because these were explicitly covered in two secondary/independent sources. If an article in a reliable source has mentioned that Sailer has been cited by the NY Times et al, then it might be worthy of mention. Zenomonoz (talk) 21:01, 21 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Yeah, that seems to be the standard. Generalrelative (talk) 21:03, 21 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Example, here in this NY mag source includes: Sailer has exerted “a kind of subliminal influence across much of the right … even in the places where his controversial writing on race was decidedly unwelcome.” Sometimes that influence has not even been subliminal — David Brooks has cited Sailer in The New York Times on the correlation between white fertility rates and voting patterns, Times columnist Ross Douthat has referenced Sailer’s analogy between Breitbart-style conservatism and punk rock, and the economist Tyler Cowen has described him as “the most significant neo-reaction thinker today.” So yeah could probably make a more due mention of columnist citing him in the NYT and Times. Cheers. Zenomonoz (talk) 21:06, 21 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Good find. This is precisely the sort of source I was referring to. Generalrelative (talk) 21:09, 21 January 2024 (UTC)
 * I went ahead and added content based on this source: . Thanks, Zenomonoz. Generalrelative (talk) 21:20, 21 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Awesome. I probably should have narrowed it to the more notable papers regardless now that I think about it. Thanks, all Pepper-0 (talk) 21:33, 21 January 2024 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 27 June 2024
Steve Sailer is not extremeist, which is implied by the term far right. It implies knowledge of a person's philosophy and therefore is not factual.

This definition is also misleading about his occupation. 159.196.171.164 (talk) 12:09, 27 June 2024 (UTC)

 * Edit request policy states: This template must be followed by a complete and specific description of the request, that is, specify what text should be removed and a verbatim copy of the text that should replace it. "Please change X" is not acceptable and will be rejected; the request must be of the form "please change X to Y". You may submit a new request in the appropriate WP:ER format. Please also include relevant sources. GordonGlottal (talk) 13:04, 27 June 2024 (UTC)

Some people consider Sailer a white supremacist
The sources given, all secondary, cite people who called him a racist or some version of one. I don't disagree but I wonder if we need long sections devoted to how many experts called him a racist and in what way. It seems more encylopedic to provide links to his work and let readers draw that conclusion. It's a generally accepted that primary sources are preferred over secondary sources and yet none are of Steve Sailer's writings are linked to. Here is the that should be linked in the article.

https://vdare.com/articles/racial-reality-and-the-new-orleans-nightmare

His argument is based on studies demonstrating a disparity in mean IQs between races. Maybe it's a bad argument but it should be included if the article is about Steve Sailer and not people who don't like Steve Sailer. One excerpt that could be mentioned is: "Judging from their economic and educational statistics, New Orleans' blacks are not even an above-average group of African-Americans, such as you find in Atlanta or Seattle, but more like Miami's or Milwaukee's. About half are below the poverty line. With the national black average IQ around 85, New Orleans' mean black IQ would probably be in the lower 80s or upper 70s."

If the above paragraph is too controversial to print, perhaps there is no reason to have the article in the first place.

71.164.90.93 (talk) 19:48, 1 July 2024 (UTC)

 * On English Wikipedia it is not true that "primary sources are preferred over secondary sources". WP:SCHOLARSHIP and WP:RSPRIMARY tell us explicitly that articles should rely on secondary sources whenever possible and although specific facts may be taken from primary sources, secondary sources that present the same material are preferred. Hope that clarifies things. Specific edit requests can be submitted through the WP:ER format. Happy editing! GordonGlottal (talk) 00:17, 2 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Steve Sailer


text: Category:Buildings and structures in Iceland


text:
File:Stranglers - The Men In Black album cover.jpg

Summary
The Stranglers - The Gospel According To The Men In Black. Original UK LP album cover

Licensing
Original UK release album cover - album covers are fair use. Picture scanned by me Ian Dunster from original UK LP album.


text: Category:Mass media in Iceland

title: Category:Mass media in Iceland


text:
User:Tuop

Hey my names tuop please feel free to talk to me at my user page.

title: User:Tuop


text:
Character evidence

Character evidence is a term used in the law of evidence to describe any testimony or document submitted for the purpose of proving that a person acted in a particular way on a particular occasion based on the character or disposition of that person. In the United States, Federal Rule of Evidence 404 maps out its permissible and prohibited uses in trials. Three factors typically determine the admissibility of character evidence:
 * 1) the purpose for which the character evidence is being used
 * 2) the form in which the character evidence is offered
 * 3) the type of proceeding (civil or criminal) in which the character evidence is offered

Purpose
In the United States, character evidence may be offered at trial to:

 * 1. prove character, if character is a substantive issue in the litigation

 * admissibility of character evidence to prove character is not affected by the case's civil or criminal nature

 * 2. prove, through circumstantial evidence, an aspect of an individual's conduct

 * character evidence's admissibility as circumstantial evidence is influenced by the case's civil or criminal nature

 * 3. impeach or strengthen the credibility of a witness

Character may be a substantive issue in defamation suits, in lawsuits alleging negligent hiring or negligent entrustment, in child custody cases, as well as in loss of consortium cases; character evidence is thus admissible to prove the substantive issues that arise in these types of lawsuits.

If used as circumstantial evidence, FRE 404(a)(1) renders inadmissible character evidence offered to prove that an individual acted "in accordance with" a character or trait "on a particular occasion." It lists several exceptions which apply depending on whether the proceeding is civil or criminal, whether the defense or prosecution is offering the character evidence, and what purpose it is being offered for.

Form
Character evidence may be offered, depending on the type of proceeding, party offering, and purported purpose, explained below, in three forms:

 * 1) as opinion
 * 2) as reputation evidence, and
 * 3) as evidence of specific instances of conduct

Civil trial
In the majority of U.S. jurisdictions, character evidence is inadmissible in civil suits when being used as circumstantial evidence to prove that a person acted in conformity with their character; it is considered to be an unfair basis from which to attempt to prove that an individual behaved in a particular way on a particular occasion. Another way of looking at this is that character evidence is only admissible in a majority of jurisdictions in a civil trial if character is actually a substantive issue in the case (negligent hiring; negligent entrustment, child custody cases, loss of consortium cases), or to impeach a witness.

A minority of U.S. jurisdictions, however, permit defendants in assault and battery and fraudulent misconduct civil cases to introduce character evidence as circumstantial evidence to prove that a person acted in conformity with their character.

Character evidence offered by the prosecution
In the United States, character evidence is inadmissible in a criminal trial if first offered by the prosecution as circumstantial evidence to show that a defendant is likely to have committed the crime with which they are charged—the prosecution may not, in other words, initiate character evidence that shows defendant's propensity to commit a crime. However the prosecution may introduce character evidence for certain limited purposes after the defendant does so—after the defendant has "opened the door"—through the permissible methods and purposes explained below in "Character evidence offered by the defendant," to rebut what defendant tried showing through character evidence, and to "offer evidence of the defendant's same trait."

FRE 404, in addition to dictating character evidence's permissible use in federal courts, also bars the prosecution's admission of "crimes, wrongs, or other acts" to prove the character of a person in order to show action in conformity therewith (propensity). Evidence of other crimes, wrongs or acts is available for "non-character purposes," such as motive, opportunity, intent, preparation, plan, knowledge, identity, or absence of mistake or accident. In a criminal prosecution, the defendant can request to receive notice of this type of evidence if the prosecution intends to admit it at trial.
 * Note that under California Evidence Code §1101(b), in addition to proving MIMIC elements, the prosecution may admit evidence of a victim's prior sexual conduct in a case brought for an unlawful sexual act or attempted unlawful sexual act, to show that the defendant "did not reasonably and in good faith believe that the victim consented."

Character evidence offered by the defendant
Character evidence is admissible in a criminal trial if offered by a defendant as circumstantial evidence—through reputation or opinion evidence—to show their own character, as long as the character evidence the defendant seeks to introduce is relevant to the crime with which the defendant is charged. For example, if a defendant is charged with a crime involving dishonesty, the defendant may introduce evidence tending to show the defendant's honest character. If the defendant is charged with a violent crime, the defendant may introduce evidence tending to show the defendant's peaceful character.

 * Note that under Cal. Evid. Code §1102, a defendant may not only introduce evidence of "a trait of his character" that is relevant to the crime with which they are charged, but may also introduce character evidence "of the defendant's character" generally.

Character evidence is also admissible in a criminal trial if offered by a defendant as circumstantial evidence—through reputation or opinion evidence—to show an alleged victim's "pertinent" character trait—for example, to support the defendant's claim of self-defense to a charge of homicide.

After a criminal defendant introduces evidence of the victim's character, the prosecution may then introduce its own character evidence to rebut the defendant's character evidence by showing its side's impression of the victim's character, or to attack the character of the defendant through evidence that shows that defendant had the same character trait they accused the victim of having.

 * Note that under Cal. Evid. Code §1103(a), a defendant may not only introduce evidence of a victim's character or character trait through reputation or opinion evidence, as permitted under FRE 404, but also through evidence of specific acts.

The admissibility of character evidence to allow the defendant to prove the character trait of a victim is limited, however, if the lawsuit is for rape or assault with the intent to commit rape. If the reputation or opinion evidence is being offered by the defendant to show the rape victim's past sexual conduct, character evidence is inadmissible. In such sexual misconduct cases, a defendant may offer "evidence of specific instances of a victim’s sexual behavior" only to show that someone other than the defendant was the source of "semen, injury, or other physical evidence," or to show that the victim had consented to sexual behavior with the defendant.

 * Note that under Cal. Evid. Code §1103(c)(1), reputation, opinion, and specific acts evidence are all barred if the defendant seeks to introduce the evidence to show the sexual character of the victim, but evidence of the victim's sexual conduct with the defendant—i.e. specific acts—may be used by the defendant to show that the victim consented to the sexual act.

Character witness
Commentators have noted that the ability of defendants to call character witnesses can give an advantage to more affluent defendants. Affluent defendants can call as character witnesses celebrities, athletes, and prominent members of the community. In contrast, it would be neither advisable nor beneficial to a defendant to call to the stand a disreputable fellow inmate as a character witness.

Distinguished from habit evidence
Character evidence must be distinguished from habit evidence, which is generally admissible, and which is evidence submitted for the purpose of proving that an individual acted in a particular way on a particular occasion in question based on that person's tendency to reflexively respond to a particular situation in a particular way.

title: Character evidence


text:
Talk:Torque converter

Archives of past discussion
Archive 1

Lockup
Wdl1961, this edit appears to have been an error on your part. Torque converter lockup — when the lockup clutch is applied, not when it is released — occurs under the stated conditions of steady-speed cruise without substantial torque multiplication. If your edit was intentional, please provide solid support for your assertion, which appears to contradict every reliable text on the subject. Thanks. —Scheinwerfermann T·C 22:06, 29 July 2009 (UTC)

Manufacturers
I have created a section on manufacturers. Are the Buick and Chevrolet torque converters made in-house or bought from outside manufacturers? Biscuittin (talk) 12:35, 1 November 2009 (UTC)

Images / Maps
I have not read through the actual version of the article, but skimmed over the last discussion archive and looked in the commons category.

I would appreciate some color coded / iso-line maps, where the x and y axis are input and output RPM respectively and the color denotes the efficiency. It is important that negative RPMs are included. In further maps input torque, output torque, torque multiplication could be plotted.

I think such a map would allow people who use torque converters to do so efficiently and the world would be a better place. Also the text about torque converters seem to be a problem and images are even more important therfore. -- Arnero (talk) 13:03, 29 November 2009 (UTC)

obviously wrong; r\,N^2D^5, see fluid coupling also
"As with a basic fluid coupling the theoretical torque capacity of a converter is proportional to$$r\,N^2D^5$$, where $$r$$ is sity of the fluid, $$N$$ is the impeller speed (rpm), and $$D$$ is the diameter."

obviously wrong $$r\,N^2D^5$$,$$r\,N^5D^2$$is correct see fluid coupling also .try basic eng handbooks.Wdl1961 (talk) 00:21, 9 February 2010 (UTC)

 * No. Not "obviously wrong" and the WP:RS handbook ref I've just added agreed with ω^2 D^5, as it read before, and as I understand it to be. If you can show that it's "obviously wrong", then please do so. If you have a reliable ref that supports your claim, then please do so. Andy Dingley (talk) 00:40, 9 February 2010 (UTC)

 * I've just checked (and fixed) Fluid coupling to N^2D^5. That only claimed N^5D^2 (incorrectly) because you changed it last January. Please stop introducing errors into Wikipedia like this. You have a track record for this sort of error, incorrect and unsupported by references. Please stop. Andy Dingley (talk) 00:46, 9 February 2010 (UTC)

 * see Revision as of 06:36, 24 December 2006 (edit) (undo)Bigdumbdinosaur .also p=kv^2.//pump.turbine.flow = kv^2.kv^2.v=kv^5.Wdl1961 (talk) 01:21, 9 February 2010 (UTC)

 * No matter what the article may or may not have claimed, you can't use it as a WP:RS for itself! Cite a _real_ reference. Andy Dingley (talk) 01:32, 9 February 2010 (UTC)

 * Bernoulli's equation:$$q\, =\, \tfrac12\, \rho\, v^2$$ is dynamic pressure,the reverse applies to a turbine .fluid flow gives the final v^5 = kn^5.Wdl1961 (talk) 16:05, 10 February 2010 (UTC)

Similarities to a Continous Transmission
So does a torque converter act like a continuous transmission? It seems so seeing as it changes the RPMs and torque to other RPMs and torque. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.21.83.34 (talk) 14:34, 11 April 2011 (UTC)

 * Not quite. A torque converter has its own behaviour that varies mechanical advantage in response to conditions like power, angular velocity and load, while a continuous transmission varies mechanical advantage according to a control setting. If a continuous transmission is part of a larger (sub)system that adjusts that control setting the same way in response to conditions like power and load, then that larger (sub)system acts like a torque converter - but that trick doesn't work the other way around, to choose the mechanical advantage of a torque converter the way you can with a continuous transmission. PMLawrence (talk) 16:47, 23 April 2011 (UTC)

 * Yes, a torque converter is exactly like a CVT. The name "torque converter" is historical: it is generally applied to fluid couplings that can offer torque multiplication, as a contrast to the early fluid couplings that couldn't do this, and were known as fluid flywheels. Both of these can math varying speeds for input & output, but the simple fluid flywheel does this by slipping (obviously wasteful of power), Föttinger's hydraulic 'torque converter' could do this and also (by multiplying torque) also match power at different speeds, thus avoiding this wasteful slippage.
 * A "coned pulley" CVT does the same. Power is conserved (with a small waste owing to friction) even when the speeds differ, because there is torque multiplication. Andy Dingley (talk) 19:30, 23 April 2011 (UTC)

Constantinesco torque converter
Shouldn't there be a section on this, or perhaps a distinct article if it's too disparate to belong with the main material? At present Constantinesco torque converter just redirects to the car that used it, without giving any detail on the device itself. PMLawrence (talk) 16:38, 23 April 2011 (UTC)

 * I think there should be a separate article, not a section. "Torque converter" means (to all practical purposes) a fluid coupling that offers torque multiplication (i.e. the very commonly known Föttinger type) rather than any general principle applied to a range of devices.
 * Constantinesco torque converter is a redirect because so far I've lacked the time to write anything more. I've scanned a fair bit on it at Commons, but it's a highly obscure device and few people have even heard of it. I don't understand your edit summary of "not a continuously variable transmission but a true torque converter" for AFAIK it was a CVT (albeit of limited range) and I don't knwo what makes one torque multiplying device a "true" torque converter whilst another is presumably a "false" torque converter. Andy Dingley (talk) 19:35, 23 April 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
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Introduction
The introduction to this article is a mess and appears to have been edited by someone whose command of technical English is limited. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 38.69.12.5 (talk) 08:53, 10 January 2018 (UTC)

Pasts
So no one knows who invented this thing that allowed the 20th century to work? No inventor, group of designers, or patent holders? L3X1 ◊distænt write◊  20:09, 1 March 2018 (UTC)

Impeller nomenclature
Some people use impeller and pump interchangeably in the context of torque converters. This article describes the impeller, and later switches to calling it the pump, without any explanation of the term. An easy solution would be to change the first occurrence of 'impeller' to also refer to 'pump', with either a non-essential clause, such as "...the impeller, also known as the pump, which is..."; or a parenthetical clause, such as "...the impeller (also known as the pump), which is..."

184.58.190.52 (talk) 03:21, 20 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Torque converter


text:
Talk:Amar Bose

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): YJain.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 13:58, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Amar Bose


text:
Know your customer

Know Your Customer (KYC) guidelines and regulations in financial services require professionals to verify the identity, suitability, and risks involved with maintaining a business relationship with a customer. The procedures fit within the broader scope of anti-money laundering (AML) and counter terrorism financing (CTF) regulations.

KYC processes are also employed by companies of all sizes for the purpose of ensuring their proposed customers, agents, consultants, or distributors are anti-bribery compliant and are actually who they claim to be. Banks, insurers, export creditors, and other financial institutions are increasingly required to make sure that customers provide detailed due-diligence information. Initially, these regulations were imposed only on the financial institutions, but now the non-financial industry, fintech, virtual assets dealers, and even non-profit organizations are included in regulations in many countries.

Know Your Customer Requirements
In the United States, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) Rule 2090 states that financial institutions must use reasonable diligence to identify and retain the identity of every customer and every person acting on behalf of those customers. In enforcing this rule these organizations are expected to collect all information essential to knowing their customers. Information deemed necessary for enforcing Know Your Customer Requirements include the Customer Identification Program (CIP), Customer Due Diligence (CDD), and Enhanced Due Diligence (EDD).

Customer Identification Program
Section 326 of the USA Patriot Act requires banks and other financial institutions to have a Customer Identification Program (CIP). Financial institutions must collect four pieces of identifying information about its customers including:

 * Name
 * Date of Birth
 * Address
 * Identification Number

Customer Due Diligence
The Bank Secrecy Act, the common name for the Currency and Foreign Transaction Reporting Act of 1970 and its amendments and other statutes established the Customer Due Diligence (CDD) rule as part of their efforts to improve financial transparency and deter money laundering. The CDD Rule enhances CDD requirements for "U.S. banks, mutual funds, brokers or dealers in securities, futures commission merchants, and introducing brokers in commodities. " The CDD rule requires that financial institutions identify and verify the identity of customers associated with open accounts. The CDD Rule has four core requirements:

 * 1) Identify and verify the identity of customers
 * 2) Identify and verify the identity of the beneficial owners of companies opening accounts
 * 3) understand the nature and purpose of customer relationships to develop customer risk profiles
 * 4) conduct ongoing monitoring to identify and report suspicious transactions, and on a risk basis, to maintain and update customer information

Beneficial owner information is required for any individual who owns 25 percent or more of a legal entity and an individual who controls the legal entity.

Enhanced Due Diligence
Enhanced Due Diligence is required when initial identity checks have been completed and high-risk factors have been identified for an individual or a business. When these requirements have been met "enhanced" or additional due diligence above and beyond CDD is conducted which identifies the following information:

 * Source of wealth and funds check
 * Additional identity research
 * Risk identification and assessment

Know Your Customer's Customer (KYCC)
KYCC or Know Your Customer's Customer is a process that identifies a customer's customer activities and nature. This includes the identification of the customer's customers and assessing the risk levels associated with their activities.

KYCC is a derivative of the standard KYC process that arose because of the growing risk of fraud obscured by second-tier business relationships (e.g. a customer's supplier).

Know Your Business (KYB)
Know Your Business or simply KYB is an extension of KYC laws implemented to reduce money laundering. KYB is a set of practices to verify a business. It includes verification of registration credentials, location, the UBOs (Ultimate Beneficial Owners) of that business, etc. Also, the business is screened against blacklists and grey lists to check if it was involved in any sort of criminal activity such as money laundering, terrorist financing, corruption, etc. KYB is significant in identifying fake business entities and shell companies. It is crucial for efficient KYC and AML compliance.

According to the European Union's 5th AML directive, KYB is required for the following AML-regulated entities:

 * Credit institutions
 * Estate agents
 * External accountants
 * Financial institutions
 * Gambling services
 * Notaries
 * Services auditors
 * Tax advisors
 * Trusts
 * Investment firms

Electronic know your customer (eKYC)
Electronic know your customer (eKYC) involves the use of internet or digital means of identity verification. This may involve checking information provided is valid by using systems to validate ID and proof of address documents or by checking information against government databases such as the official passport database of a country.

Laws by country

 * Australia: The Australian Transaction Reports and Analysis Centre (AUSTRAC), established in 1989, monitors financial transactions in Australia, and sets client identification requirements.
 * Canada: The Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre of Canada (FINTRAC), established in 2000, is Canada's financial intelligence unit. It updated its regulations in June 2016 regarding acceptable methods to determine the identity of individual clients to ensure compliance with AML and KYC regulations. A pending lawsuit is active in Canada challenging the constitutionality of the new legislation.
 * India: The Reserve Bank of India introduced KYC guidelines for banks in 2002.
 * Italy: The Banca d'Italia exercises regulation power for the financial industry, in 2007 set KYC requirements for financial institutions that operate on Italian territory.
 * Japan: Act on identification of customers by financial institutions 2003
 * Mexico: The "Federal Law for Prevention and Identification of Operations with Resources from Illicit Origin", promulgated in 2012 with president Felipe Calderon's administration and came into force in 2013 with the president Enrique Peña Nieto administration.
 * Namibia: Financial Intelligence Act, 2012 (Act No. 13 of 2012) published as Government Notice 299 in Gazette 5096 of 14 December 2012.
 * New Zealand: Updated KYC laws were enacted in late 2009 and entered into force in 2010. KYC is mandatory for all registered banks and financial institutions (the latter has an extremely wide meaning).
 * South Korea: Act on Reporting and Use of Certain Financial Transaction Information regulates due diligence in the country.
 * United Kingdom: The Money Laundering Regulations 2017 are the underlying rules that govern KYC in the UK. Many UK businesses use the guidance provided by the European Joint Money Laundering Steering Group along with the Financial Conduct Authority's 'Financial Crime: A guide for firms' as an aid to compliance.

Criticism
Criticisms of this policy include:

 * Know your customer places a costly burden on businesses operating in the financial industry, especially smaller financial companies, where compliance costs are disproportionately heavy.
 * Customers may feel the information requested to be intrusive and burdensome, and may choose not to enter the business relationship as a result. Relatedly, there may be privacy concerns with how the information is used.
 * Innocent, law-abiding individuals such as digital nomads are very likely disproportionately disadvantaged as living a nomadic life makes it increasingly difficult or even impossible to hold any formal banking relationship anywhere in the world due to lack of proof of address, bills, and/or debt documentation required by KYC.
 * Some citizens in other countries (Canada) are fighting back against the USA over-reach into their sovereign banking system and have challenged new USA law in their courts.

title: Know your customer


text:
User:Elwe

Elwe

de:Benutzer:Elwe

title: User:Elwe


text: Category:Mass media in Croatia

title: Category:Mass media in Croatia


text:
File:Le lien cover art.jpg

Cover art of Vanessa Duriès' novel Le Lien.

Fair use rationale for use in article Vanessa Duriès:
 * It does not limit the publishers' rights to exploit their book in any way
 * It is of much lower resolution than the original book cover
 * It is to be used for the purpose of illustrating an article about the book and its author

title: File:Le lien cover art.jpg


text:
Talk:Julia Louis-Dreyfus

Pate error?
The Revision as of 14:52, Thu 02 Feb 23 inserted the (boldface) word “Mazukmaru” between the title “Hannah and Her Sisters” and its date (1986). I am moderately suspicious that this is a simple inadvertent paste error, but not confident enough that this was not supposed to be a different movie, or the name of her character in H&HS to change this myself. Sbauman (talk) 05:25, 4 February 2023 (UTC)

Julia’s statement of incorrect wiki entries
I just heard Julia on a podcast talking about how many errors there are in her Wikipedia page. She states her name is Julia Scarlet E Louis-Dreyfus and that the E references an Elizabeth but it’s never been her name.

This seems like a major change, but it’s on Dax Shepard’s podcast Armchair Expert June 17, 2019. Indiecred (talk) 02:24, 4 November 2019 (UTC)
 * Unfortunately a great number of reliable sources say it's Elizabeth, and what she may have jokingly said in a podcast doesn't over-rule that. -- Escape Orbit (Talk) 20:41, 12 November 2019 (UTC)
 * Actually it does. If she says her name isn't Elizabeth then her name isn't Elizabeth, stop gate keeping. She also said in a Vanity Fair that it's E and not Elizabeth. 67.140.232.183 (talk) 04:29, 14 October 2022 (UTC)
 * Not quite, her name is in doubt only her official name in papers (passport, birth certificate, etc).--Kmhkmh (talk) 14:45, 1 February 2023 (UTC)

Seinfeld 1990 NOT 1989
This Wiki says that she way on Seinfeld from 1989 ... nope....she wasn't yet on the show until 1990. The pilot episode was on in 1989 (there was only one episode in 1989)....and she was not on that show. How DARE they! Ratio strain (talk) 02:41, 13 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Not sure who "they" refers to :-), but I took the liberty to fix it.--Kmhkmh (talk) 14:50, 1 February 2023 (UTC)

Louis Dreyfus group Charles
From Siri on an iPhone Knowledge under Wikipedia: Under Charles Louise Dreyfus shows the Louis Dreyfus group as 1970 - 1929, it should read 1870 - 1929, it’s correct on the Wiki web site, but when you use Siri, and when asked about Julie Louise Dreyfus, and go up her family tree, the the great leaders of the Louis-Dreyfus group & family: Gérard Louis Dreyfus, (Father) Pierre Louis Dreyfus, (GF) Charles Louis Dreyfus *,(GGF)
 * again 1970 should read 1870 for Louis Dreyfus group on Charles’s page.

And of course it founder the great Leopold Louis Dreyfus, (GGGF) her great great grandfather was Founder of Louis Dreyfus group and patriarch of the Louis Dreyfus family.

I have respect for Louis Dreyfus, and want to correct the dates. Tonyshouse (talk) 11:42, 11 June 2023 (UTC)

 * Respect: Julia Louis Dreyfus Tonyshouse (talk) 11:49, 11 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Julia Louis-Dreyfus


text:
The Gospel According to the Meninblack

The Gospel According to the Meninblack (sometimes referred to as just The Meninblack) is the fifth album by English rock band the Stranglers, an esoteric concept album released 9 February 1981 on the Liberty label. The album deals with conspiratorial ideas surrounding alien visitations to Earth, the sinister governmental men in black, and the involvement of these elements in well-known biblical narratives. This was not the first time the Stranglers had used this concept; "Meninblack" on the earlier The Raven album and subsequent 1980 single-release "Who Wants the World?" had also explored it.

History
The album is an elaboration of concepts first introduced by the band on the aforementioned track from their preceding album, The Raven. Hugh Cornwell, former singer-songwriter and guitarist with the group, has stated his belief that the album is the pinnacle of the Stranglers' artistic and creative output, and he cites it as his favourite album by the band. In a 2022 interview promoting his solo release Moments of Madness Cornwell reiterated this position saying "I think that we were all at the top of our game when we made ‘Men in Black’ and it comes through." The Stranglers' bassist, Jean-Jacques Burnel, shares this opinion, stating in a 2014 interview "It was a bit of a low point when The Meninblack came out and it wasn’t regarded as the masterpiece that I thought it was." Burnel regards the album as often techno in essence, though The Meninblack predates the emergence of that genre by some years.

The single releases from the album were "Thrown Away", which reached UK chart position 42 and "Just Like Nothing on Earth", their first single to miss the top 50.

The opening instrumental "Waltzinblack" was originally intended to be the second single release from the album, but was withdrawn by Liberty, which deemed it "unrepresentative". It was later used as the theme music for Keith Floyd's BBC TV series. The band developed a tradition of using the track to open their live performances.

The album initially sold around 50,000 copies, their worst-selling UK album to date, peaking at number eight on the UK Albums Chart; it spent five weeks in the listings.

In a 2015 interview on British TV, Burnel stated that the band experimented with heroin to help their creative process, and this album was the result.

Track listing
All tracks written and arranged by the Stranglers.

2018 expanded vinyl edition
Self-released by the Stranglers, The Gospel According to the Meninblack received a deluxe vinyl reissue in 2018, limited to 1000 numbered copies. The original 10-track album is coupled with a bonus 12-track album, entitled The Meninblack - Revelations, which features non-album singles, associated B-sides, demos, alternate versions, live tracks, and the brass band reworking "Marchinblack".

 * Side one and two as per original vinyl edition
 * Themeninblack - Revelations

Personnel
Credits adapted from the album liner notes, except where noted.
 * The Stranglers
 * Hugh Cornwell ("Hughinblack") – guitar, vocals, concept
 * Dave Greenfield ("Daveinblack") – keyboards, vocals
 * Jean-Jacques Burnel ("JJinblack") – bass, vocals
 * Jet Black ("Jetinblack") – drums, vocals, percussion
 * Technical
 * The Stranglers - producer
 * Steve Churchyard – engineer, mixing
 * Alan Winstanley – engineer ("Waiting for the Meninblack" and "Two Sunspots")
 * Aldo Bocca – engineer ("Just Like Nothing on Earth" and "Turn the Centuries, Turn")
 * Laurence Diana – engineer ("Waltzinblack" and "Four Horsemen")
 * Leonardo da Vinci – original gatefold sleeve painting
 * John Pasche – art direction, design
 * Jim Gibson – calligraphy
 * Bonus tracks
 * Baz Warne - guitar, vocals (2014 and 2018 live tracks)
 * Jim Macaulay - drums (2014 and 2018 live tracks)
 * The Stranglers - producer (all tracks, except 2014 and 2018 live tracks and "Marchinblack")
 * Alan Winstanley – producer ("Bear Cage" and "The Meninblack (Waiting for 'Em)"), engineer ("Bear Cage")
 * Gary Edwards – engineer ("Who Wants the World")
 * Laurence Diana – engineer ("Who Wants the World")
 * Steve Churchyard – producer ("G.m.B.H"), engineer ("Top Secret", "Maninwhite", "Vietnamerica", "G.m.B.H", "The Meninblack (Waiting for 'Em)", "Bear Cage")
 * Louie Nicastro – producer, mixing (2014 and 2018 live tracks and "Marchinblack")

title: The Gospel According to the Meninblack


text:
Category talk:Pornographic film actors

Shift
Now that all of the male porn stars have been shifted to the "Male porn stars" category, is there a way of renaming this category, "Female porn stars"? Zeromacnoo 13:47, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Why have categories for all sorts of nationalities, but NOT American? I imagine it would be the biggest list of all! Pirate2000 19:05, 17 August 2005

R
The list abruptly ends at R... any reason? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 142.150.142.28 (talk • contribs) 21:58, 23 August 2005
 * Look at the top of the page, just above "Sub-categories". Click on "Next 200" to see the remainder. Zeromacnoo 23:06, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

Transsexuals
How exactly are new categories created? I've noticed that many of the porn stars still listed on this page are actually transgendered. --Torourkeus 05:03, 10 August 2006 (UTC)

renaming "Porn stars" to "Pornographic film actors"
I'd like to point out that this was a particularly idiotic move. Шизомби (talk) 13:40, 18 March 2009 (UTC)
 * Um, why? Asarelah (talk) 18:46, 15 August 2011 (UTC)

RFC request
User:Ryulong and I disagree on how disambigs on articles about pornographic actors should be named. He wants to use the disambig of (actor) or (actress) rather than (pornographic actor) or (pornographic actress) whenever possible, and he also wants to use the term "adult film actor" rather than pornographic actor. He also objects to my use of the term "sex worker" in disambigs for biographies of pornographic actors who did other types of sex work, and he also opposes my use of the disambig (person), such as in the case of Belladonna (person). As we have reached an impasse on the topic, I have put in an RFC. Asarelah (talk) 22:36, 14 May 2011 (UTC)
 * Unless there is another actor or actress with the name, it is not necessary to use "pornographic" in the dab. Using "sex worker" is most definitely against the WP:BLP policy. And "person" is not a suitable enough disambiguation. This is all common sense and written in policy. The only reason I became involved is because someone found another Ryūlóng  ( 竜龙 ) 22:40, 14 May 2011 (UTC)
 * Name(actress) makes more sense. We don't use labels like Name(comedy actor) or Name(drama actor), right? As far as sex worker, we would need rock solid WP:RS to justify that. Gerardw (talk) 12:51, 22 May 2011 (UTC)
 * The majority of these individuals are famous specifically because they are pornographic actors, and pornographic actors are a type of sex worker, hence I don't see why the disambig of "sex worker" would present an issue. Asarelah (talk) 22:31, 4 June 2011 (UTC)
 * Unless there is another actor with that name, there is no reason to add that they are specifically pornographic actors/actresses. It's specific when it doesn't need to be, which can lead to awkward article titles. (In the case that one of them breaks into more mainstream acting work, or becomes famous for something besides porn, we'd have an inappropriately named article.) "Sex worker" is not a common-language usage for porn stars, and extremely vague to boot—which is extremely unhelpful for disambiguation. I don't see much of a difference between "adult film actor" and "pornographic film actor," but the former seems to have a little more formality, which I think is helpful to maintain tone. — chro • man • cer 07:41, 5 June 2011 (UTC)
 * I'd use “actor” if possible, “pornographic actor” otherwise. “Adult film actor” is unnecessary euphemism. ― A. di M.plédréachtaí 20:35, 8 June 2011 (UTC)
 * What about "entertainer", given that a lot of them were also strippers? Asarelah (talk) 21:58, 15 June 2011 (UTC)

A modest proposal
I believe that we should place this directly under Category:Prostitutes rather than Category:Sex workers. Pornography, by its nature, is media that depicts prostitutes. The very reason people started calling such things 'porno films' is clearly because the actors were viewed as prostitutes themselves, since they were financially compensated to do sexual acts. Ranze (talk) 08:53, 17 May 2013 (UTC)

I guess actors in non-film works are wt:S.O.L., huh?
No Category:Pornographic video actors, Category:Pornographic still image actors, or Category:3D pornographic actors.199.119.232.214 (talk) 07:33, 29 December 2014 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Pornographic film actors


text:
Ketan Parekh

Ketan Parekh is a former stockbroker from Mumbai, who was convicted in 2008 for involvement in the Indian stock market manipulation scam that occurred from late 1998 to 2001. During this period, Parekh artificially rigged prices of certain chosen securities (informally referred to as K-10 stocks), using large sums of money borrowed from banks including the Madhavpura Mercantile Co-operative Bank, of which he himself was a director.

After many investigations by the Securities and Exchange Board of India, Parekh and his front entities were found guilty of rigging share prices of ten companies called K-10 and SEBI had banned Parekh and associated firms from trading in the market for 14 years. He is known as notorious stock broker by CSE.

Early career
Parekh, after becoming a Chartered Accountant, started his career in the late 1980s at Narbheram Harakchand Securities (NH Securities), a reputed institutional brokerage firm. In the 90s, he came in contact with Harshad Mehta, a well known stock broker and subsequently joined Mehta's firm GrowMore investments, a firm that Mehta had set up and which was involved in the 1992 Indian stock market scam. Though one of the accused in some of the scams that invested heavily in stocks related to IT, media and communication and propagated them. As cover stories emerged in the financial media of his malpractices related to the stock market, scrutiny shifted to his activities leading to his arrest on 30 March 2001.

Role in 2001 stock market crash
Ketan Parekh purchased large stakes in less known small market capitalization companies, and jacked up their prices through circular trading with other traders, and collusion with these companies and large institutional investors. This resulted in steep hikes in share prices (for example: shares of Zee telefilms zoomed up from Rs 127 to a price of Rs 10,000. This set of ten stocks was colloquially referred to as "K-10" stocks and Parekh was playfully referred to as "Pentafour Bull".

It later transpired that promoters and industrialists often gave Parekh funds to artificially rig up their share prices. Thus in just a few months, scrips of virtually unknown companies like Visualsoft rose from ₹625 to ₹8,448 per share and Sonata Software rose from ₹90 to ₹2,936.60. However, the bear cartel in Bombay stock exchange started to hammer his K-10 stocks in February 2001, leading them to fall and precipitating a payment crisis in Calcutta.

On 1 March 2001, just after the Indian Union Budget had been presented, the BSE Sensex crashed 176 points, prompting the then NDA government to set up an inquiry into the market reaction. Subsequently the RBI refused to clear pay orders (POs) that had been given by Parekh as collateral for loans to BOI (Bank of India), as they found them to be suspicious. The RBI commenced an investigation against Parekh. Around the same time, a bear cartel of brokers in Mumbai opposed to Parekh tried to dump their shares of K-10 stocks. Panicking, Parekh sold off his entire ownership of the so called K-10 stocks that he had successfully jacked up over the past two years, especially those of two entities - GTB bank and MMCB bank. He carried out this large scale dump in the evening, after regular trading hours, from 5 PM to midnight at the Calcutta Stock Exchange. This resulted in a stock market crash the next day, resulting in large scale losses for large institutional investors, including insurance companies and mutual funds.

A 30 member Joint Parliamentary Committee (JPC) investigation ensued which found that Parekh had been involved in circular trading throughout the time period from and with a variety of companies, including Global Trust Bank (GTB) and Madhavpura Mercantile Cooperative Bank (MMCB). The JPC found him to have played a major role in rigging the prices of a set of ten Indian companies, from 1995 up to 2001.

This resulted in Parekh's first conviction, which carried a one-year sentence, coming as a result of a transaction he conducted involving a unit of Canara Bank in 1992.

Though Parekh was subsequently barred from stock trading, the Securities and Exchange Board of India alleged in 2009 that a variety of companies and other actors were trading on behalf of Parekh. An investigation ensued and 26 entities were banned from trading as a result of that investigation. In March 2014 he was convicted by a special CBI court in Bombay for cheating and sentenced to two years rigorous imprisonment.

title: Ketan Parekh