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Württemberg-Hohenzollern

Württemberg-Hohenzollern (Wurtemberg-Hohenzollern ) was a West German state created in 1945 as part of the French post-World War II occupation zone. Its capital was Tübingen. In 1952, it was merged into the newly founded state of Baden-Württemberg.

History
Württemberg-Hohenzollern should not be confused with the larger Gau ("shire") of the same name that was formed briefly during the Third Reich.

Württemberg-Hohenzollern consisted of the southern half of the former state of Württemberg and the Prussian administrative region of Hohenzollern. The northern half of Württemberg became part of the state of Württemberg-Baden under US-administration. The division between north and south was set so that the Autobahn connecting Karlsruhe and Munich (today the A8) was completely contained within the American zone.

On 18 May 1947, a new constitution was enacted and Württemberg-Baden's first parliament was elected. With the formation of West Germany on 23 May 1949, Württemberg-Baden joined the federal republic. A straw poll was held on 24 September 1950 in Württemberg-Hohenzollern, Württemberg-Baden, and Baden regarding a merger of the three states. A public referendum was held on 16 December 1951. All three states were merged and the modern German state of Baden-Württemberg was founded on 25 April 1952.

Coat of arms
The coat of arms used was the same arms of the Free People's State of Württemberg of the Weimar Republic.

List of ministers-president

 * 1) 1945–1947: Carlo Schmid (SPD)
 * 2) 1947–1948: Lorenz Bock (CDU)
 * 3) 1948–1952: Gebhard Müller (CDU)

title: Württemberg-Hohenzollern


text: User talk:69.40.205.95

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:69.40.205.95


text:
User talk:Shweta sr

Welcome!

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links
Hello. Your edit to participle prompts me to point this out. Please note that you can write a link like this: intransitive verbs, and the whole word, not just the part in the square brackets, appears as a clickable link to the article whose name is in the brackets. Similarly logical, Austrian, hyphenated, rabbinical, hybridization, apocryphal, etc. Michael Hardy 00:05, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Shweta sr


text:
Talk:Berzerk (video game)

Popularity of 2600 Version
Was this one of the more popular Atari 2600 games? I wasn't all that old when I got it, but now I think that it was, but I'm just not sure. JesseG 00:05, May 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * I thought the game was great on the 2600, but I don't think it was a raging hit, either.--み使い Mitsukai 16:33, 12 February 2006 (UTC)

Player Deaths
I'm a little confused about how the game caused the players' deaths. Was it too intense or something? --NeuronExMachina 20:32, 16 July 2005 (UTC)

The player disintegrated (a la a phaser blast in Star Trek). The article says "each level is designed to be more difficult to finish than the last", while my play experience doesn't indicate that at all-always seemed random. The most challenging were the "bots in a box", where robots spawn in an inaccessible central room, requiring Evil Otto to come and kill them. John DiFool2

I think I read somewhere that the robots in the game were inspired by the Cylons from Battlestar Galactica (the 1970s version, obviously), and that the twirling eye was supposed to be invocative of the Cylon eye. Anyone know anything about that?--み使い Mitsukai 16:33, 12 February 2006 (UTC)

Can someone find a source for the foreign language versions? In all the articles I've seen for the game, I've never seen this mentioned, and an Esperanto version seems pretty suspect. Doctor Nick 16:54, 2 May 2006 (UTC)

"In 1986, Stern Electronics and Evil Otto were mentioned as an unwholesome influence on children during the "Suicide Solution" lawsuit of Ozzy Osbourne along with Dungeons and Dragons, marijuana and Prince." = This statement seems irrelevant and I can wager most people have no idea what the "Suicide Solution" is. It should be removed. - anon

 * Agreed. At the very least, it should be moved to the "Problems and player death toll" section. Clayhalliwell 16:00, 25 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I removed it. It had been in the article for months without being sourced.  If somebody has actual references to prove this was said, you may add it back in.  --Darth Borehd (talk) 01:26, 23 December 2007 (UTC)

910 points
What is the significance of earning 910 points. The article does not state so, just gives a strategy for doing so.

The source(s) of the information regarding "player death toll" need to be identified and properly cited (he said, nursing grave doubts that anything even remotely convincing would materialize.)

I feel I should point out the point brought up under the "910 points" section was placed here by Alan McNeil himself. He doesn't really know how to use Wikipedia. As he is the creator of this game, and feels your "death toll" is about 1 kid too high, perhaps someone should source it? If not, I'm going to fix it for him. (Source: Alan McNeil himself. Lives in Kalispell)SoheiFox (talk) 19:21, 13 June 2008 (UTC)

To specify, he is aware of Jeff, and sneds his condolence eternally to the family, but he does not know who this "Peter" person is. As the only source listed is the MAWS, which really isn't a highly accurate source (commonly mislisting creator credits and such) that's not really a source. I figure if in a couple of days nobody has posted a reputable source for this "Peter" person, I'll go ahead and wipe the fictional account from Wikipedia. SoheiFox (talk) 19:26, 13 June 2008 (UTC)

 * You'd better look again. Peter Burkowski's death is not the one being refenced in MAWS, it is referenced in a 1982 article from Video Gamer magazine, an article that is properly cited here with a link to an electronic reprint of the original text. It is Jeff Dailey's death (the one you are not disputing) that is currently linked to a citation on MAWS. --Zequist (talk) 21:23, 13 June 2008 (UTC)

Evil Otto in News Radio
Somewhere in season 3, DVD disk 2 I think, the workers are doing peer evaluations. Bill calls Dave "Evil Otto", then someone else calls Bill "Evil Otto". I am not sure if this is an official reference. Can anyone confirm that? I love Berzerk. :)

Ok, I think the episode is called Rose Bowl.

Mancomb 01:58, 15 March 2007 (UTC)

Come to think of it, there was a News Radio episode where Dave doesn't study for the SATs because he is too busy playing an arcade game where you have to save "humanoids". The description of the arcade game they play has obviously nothing to do with Berzerk but I do not think it is a coincidence that the word humanoid is used. I have a feeling the writers of the show played Berzerk. I am considering adding these references to the main article (I will mention that it is not verified as an official reference). If anyone objects, please let me know.

Mancomb 15:16, 15 March 2007 (UTC)

I have confirmed via the DVD commentary that it is a real reference to Berzerk by the writers of the show. In the commentary for Rose Bowl, around 15:50 one of the writers announces that it's a reference to Berzerk and other commentators laugh at him and say that the only people still listening to the commentary are the fans of the game and don't need to be told. Since I only listened to the commentary to confirm the reference, did I just prove them right? :)

Mancomb 15:44, 23 March 2007 (UTC)

Robot Quotes
"Chicken, fight like a robot": Heard when the player escapes a room without destroying every robot.

It was "Chicken, fight like alien robot" wasn't it? (actually it sounded more like "roblot" - wonderfully primative speech synthesis! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.75.75.166 (talk) 08:15, 25 October 2008 (UTC)
 * No, it wasn't. Clayhalliwell (talk) 16:42, 12 January 2009 (UTC)

Taunt phrase by robots when player dies
While the article has it as "Got the humanoid", I always heard this as "Delta humanoid, Delta intruder!", which is something of an in-joke (delta of course means a change in some quantity, hence the human has been "changed" to a disorganized cloud of atoms). Puzzled me at the time, in my ignorant youth. John DiFool2 06:38, 13 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Clever, but no, you misheard. Clayhalliwell (talk) 17:21, 12 January 2009 (UTC)

Music / Songs section
There is a track by The Aphex Twin (aka Richard D James) under his Caustic Window moniker entitled "Humanoid Must Not Escape" It features several samples from the game, including the phrase "Humanoid Must Not Escape" See this link for details and proof http://www.last.fm/music/Caustic+Window/_/Humanoid+Must+Not+Escape

I think this should be added to the Songs section of teh article —Preceding unsigned comment added by JoyrexJ9 (talk • contribs) 16:35, 1 April 2008 (UTC)

Features section: Synthesis & Compression?
Right now the Features starts like this:

Probably the best-remembered feature of Berzerk is that the robots talk. This was one of the first video games to use speech synthesis.

In 1980 computer voice compression was extremely expensive—estimates were that this cost the manufacturer US$1,000 per word; the English version had a thirty-word vocabulary. Stern nevertheless did not spare this expense, and some non-English versions were made, for example a Spanish version in which the robots would say "Intruso alerta" and "El humanoide no debe escapar,".[dubious – discuss]

Wouldn't expensive data-heavy voice that cost per amount stored be "voice recordings," as opposed to "synthesized speech?" Synth speech might cost you $1000/word to develop based on how many words you ended up having in the game, but it seems like a voice synthesizer would have unlimited potential words at fixed hardware cost.

Is this the kind of quibbling that wikipedia is meant to encourage? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.188.233.210 (talk) 00:48, 18 August 2008 (UTC)

 * No, what the article is referring to is the method in which hardware based speech synthesis was done at the time. These were not recordings, rather many of the "voice synthesis" chips were "dumb chips" that had to be fed actual vocabulary/phonetics.  They "played back" the pre-mapped words, the creation of which was of course expensive.  Some packaged voice synthesis chip sets came with already predefined vocabulary roms of course.  You're confusing things in modern terms vs. how it was referred to at the time, i.e. using hindsight.  --Marty Goldberg (talk) 02:46, 18 August 2008 (UTC)

Section of deaths
An entire SECTION has gone missing. The "problems and player deaths" section is no more, and I have no idea why. 92.39.189.2 (talk) 19:10, 30 October 2009 (UTC)

64,000 mazes
I keep hearing this claim that the game has 64,000 different mazes, but how do we know this? Do we know the exact algorithm that the game uses to build mazes? - furrykef (Talk at me) 19:33, 25 February 2010 (UTC)

This means 64,000 SCREENS, i'm pretty sure. and yes the generation algorithm is known. The coordinates (randomly selected on each life) are plugged into a formula to generate the room. 198.153.92.254 (talk) 18:24, 30 May 2021 (UTC)

Page title
Good job on reorganizing (disamgiuating, renaming). But it shouldn't be "Berzerk (arcade game)"; it should be "Berzerk (video game)". It only started as a game for arcades; that is a coin-operated, cabinet-based, all-in-one system, intended for business colocation instead of home or educational use. The article's contents, including graphics, expound upon the many versions. I just thought I'd post the fact here just to be polite. Thanks. — Smuckola (Email) (Talk) 03:10, 26 August 2013 (UTC)

Clones
User Wgungfu please stop removing 'Manik' from the list of clones. Manik is a popular and modern Berzerk clone. That by default gives it notability. Further more notability guidelines apply to the creation of articles, and to the creation of lists. Directly from the guidelines: 'They do not limit the content of an article or list.' It is not appropriate to remove 'Manik' from the list of clones for this reason. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 111.69.199.234 (talk) 16:04, 2 February 2014 (UTC)

 * Actually no, there are guidelines as well on notability for subject matter - including the guidelines formed by the video game project here. If it's a "notable" clone, there should be plenty of coverage from sites that meet Wikipedia's reliability guidelines (note that blogs are not normally reliable references) stating it's importance as a clone of Bezerk. I.E. differentiating it from the 100s of other clones on mobile devices and desktop over the last decade. Otherwise such additions are viewed here as promotion and promptly removed. Calling it vandalism to remove these as they're always removed is also a violation of WP:Civil. Likewise, if you're in any way related to the game (the author, etc.) it's a violation of WP:COI. Once again, this is not a place for advertising games. --Marty Goldberg (talk) 20:58, 2 February 2014 (UTC)
 * Marty's right on this one. According to consensus reached by the video game project, we only include clones that meet wikipedia's notability guidelines by receiving significant coverage in reliable sources.  If the game is truly as popular as you claim, you should have no trouble finding this coverage.  If you do, neither of us will have any problem with the game being added to the list.  Wikipedia is not a platform to promote products, however, so without sources establishing notability this clone cannot be allowed. Indrian (talk) 22:21, 2 February 2014 (UTC)

Arcade image
There's an image of the Atari 2600 box at the top of the page and there's an image of the gameplay further down the page. It was originally an arcade game, so why is there not an image of the arcade game anywhere?

External links modified
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 * I just double checked. The link is live, but the information is not corroborated. It lists the highest "fast bullets" score as 325,270 (as set by Chris Ayra). Meanwhile the non-broken live version (found here) seems to split the "Fast bullets" category into "Pattern Play (Pattern Allowed)", "Random Play (No Pattern Allowed)", "One Life Only - Pattern Play (Pattern Allowed)", and "One Life Only - Random Play (No Pattern Allowed)". Steve Wagner (the person to which the reffed claim refers) is only listed on a "Slow Bullets" scoreboard for "Random Play (No Pattern Allowed)". So the whole thing is a mess... -Thibbs (talk) 00:39, 19 October 2015 (UTC)

reference about otto mozer from chipspeech
this is actually linked to on the chipspeech website but I'll highlight it here;

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-SkiekH5oRk

Also, chipspeech notes the original synth used for the voice in the process. They took the voice straight from the synth.89.168.11.159 (talk) 09:51, 29 January 2016 (UTC)

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Gameplay original research?
A lot of the text in the gameplay section seems like original research, especially the descriptions of tactics and robot behaviour. Can we get reliable sources for this? Ashmoo (talk) 14:06, 10 November 2017 (UTC)

Venture Bros as Popular Culture Reference
Im not sure if this would be considered a reference, so I thought I would bring it up here. The following is for the Adult Swim series The Venture Bros., and how it references the Berzerk game in relation to the sudden death that was reported.

In the episode "A Party For Tarzan" (Season 6, Episode 7), Henchman 21 narrates parts of his youth growing up as a henchman for the Monarch. At the age of 16 he recounts an encounter with Professor Vibrations, a protagonist that fought all his battles with robots and vibration-based firearms. While attempting to hide during battle he accidentally encounters Professor Vibrations, who holds him at gunpoint briefly before suddenly dying of what Henchman 21 believed to be of happiness. He equates the phenomenon back to 1981 where a similar story was heard surrounding the game Berzerk. However in the show, two kids died after achieving high scores: Jeff Daily in 1981, and another unnamed victim a year later. Redterror117 (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 02:14, 7 September 2018 (UTC)

 * No it would not, and thanks for asking. The entire "in popular culture" section had to be deleted as being patently unencyclopedic as per WP:FANCRUFT and WP:TRIVIA. We are required to provide WP:RS secondary reliable sources explaining exactly why a given item is WP:N notable or directly enhances the notability of the subject, not just listing trivia because it exists even if WP:OTHERSTUFFEXISTS. But good news! Go put it at Wikipedia's sister site, wikia, which is exactly the right place for fandom. — Smuckola(talk) 08:13, 7 September 2018 (UTC)

"Indestructible" Otto
Just for the record (would need to get some source to clarify): Otto was not exactly indestructible. It took six or seven shots, but you could definitely kill him. On the down side, a new Evil Otto would form at the original location, and this one moved many times faster than the first. You had to be positioned right at the exit to a level if you wanted to try offing Otto and escaping with your life, but it was possible. Dpiranha (talk) 19:32, 26 October 2020 (UTC)

He is indestructible in Berzerk. Frenzy is the one where you could wear him down with multiple shots. 198.153.92.254 (talk) 18:26, 30 May 2021 (UTC)

"Intruder Alert! Intruder Alert!" listed at Redirects for discussion
The redirect [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intruder_Alert!_Intruder_Alert!&redirect=no Intruder Alert! Intruder Alert!] has been listed at redirects for discussion to determine whether its use and function meets the redirect guidelines. Readers of this page are welcome to comment on this redirect at  until a consensus is reached.  cogsan (nag me)  (stalk me) 19:31, 13 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Berzerk (video game)


text:
Cassette single

A cassette single (CS), also known by the trademark cassingle, or capitalised as the trademark Cassette Single, is a music single supplied in the form of a Compact Cassette. The cassette single was introduced in 1980.

History
The debut single "C·30 C·60 C·90 Go" from Bow Wow Wow (catalogue number TCEMI 5088) was the first cassette single released worldwide, issued by EMI in the United Kingdom in 1980. In the United States of America, the first cassette single was released by A&M and I.R.S. Records in 1982 with the Go-Go's "Vacation", which contained two songs available on both sides of the tape.

Initially, the cassette single was supplied containing two or three versions of the primary single, sometimes also together with a B-side song. Typically, between 4 and 20 minutes of music were available on the early cassette singles, though later offerings would be available with five or six different versions of songs.

The British independent record label ZTT Records made good use of the cassette single format by 1984, with singles by Frankie Goes to Hollywood, Art of Noise and Propaganda being issued in unique versions on compact cassette.

American record companies began releasing cassette singles on a large scale in 1987, when vinyl record album sales were declining in favour of cassette recordings; the cassette single was meant to replace the 7-inch 45-rpm record in a similar way.

The cassette single format was used as a promotion in the 1990s, with The Walt Disney Company giving a "cassingle" to attendees of Hercules promotional events.

Packaging
Originally, most cassette singles were released in a thick paper sleeve that slipped over the outside of the cassette, called an O case or an O-card. This was then usually shrink wrapped in cellophane plastic. Some singles contained one song on each side, much as 7-inch 45-rpm records had done, but others repeated the songs on both sides. In some markets, cassette singles generally used the same packaging as standard cassettes, a rigid plastic box with a folded paper inlay insert (known as a J-card).

As the cassette maxi single or extended play (EP) was released, more intricate packaging was incorporated that looked similar to the packaging of a regular album cassette. These were placed in standard rigid plastic cassette cases, with a folded paper/cardstock inlay "J-card" insert. Unlike a full-length cassette album, these were generally only one two-sided inlay instead of an extended fold-out (the latter as required for song lyrics, and other additional information usually found on albums). Maxi-singles usually contained four or more versions of a single song; i.e.: typically the '7-inch single', an 'album version', a shorter 'radio edit', and occasionally a 'club edit' or 'dance mix', and a '12-inch extended version'. Other options could include an 'a cappella' version, and / or an 'instrumental' version. Alternatively, some cassette singles contained differing versions of two different songs, as in a 'double A-side'.

Popularity
Although the cassette had reached a high level of popularity by the late 1970s, due to the ubiquity of mobile devices such as the Sony Walkman, the boombox, and car audio cassette players, cassette singles never rivalled gramophone records to even near the same extent as cassette albums had done. In the U.S., cassette singles were completely phased out by the mid 2000s. One reason for their lesser popularity was because they appeared to be an inefficient use of the media to consumers; a cassette single took up the same storage space as a full album. In October 2012, American alternative metal band Deftones released the lead single, Leathers off their album, Koi No Yokan as a cassette single. In April 2013, however, psychedelic rock band MGMT released the first single from their third album as a cassette single, and October 2014 saw the cassingle Great Big Happy Green Moonface from Polaris, the band's first release in fifteen years. In 2020, Lady Gaga released cassette singles for her songs "Stupid Love" and "Rain on Me" from the album Chromatica becoming her first single releases on the format.

title: Cassette single


text:
Moyal product

In mathematics, the Moyal product (after José Enrique Moyal; also called the star product or Weyl–Groenewold product, after Hermann Weyl and Hilbrand J. Groenewold) is an example of a phase-space star product. It is an associative, non-commutative product, ★, on the functions on $$\mathbb{R}^{2n}$$, equipped with its Poisson bracket (with a generalization to symplectic manifolds, described below). It is a special case of the ★-product of the "algebra of symbols" of a universal enveloping algebra.

Historical comments
The Moyal product is named after José Enrique Moyal, but is also sometimes called the Weyl–Groenewold product as it was introduced by H. J. Groenewold in his 1946 doctoral dissertation, in a trenchant appreciation of the Weyl correspondence. Moyal actually appears not to know about the product in his celebrated article and was crucially lacking it in his legendary correspondence with Dirac, as illustrated in his biography. The popular naming after Moyal appears to have emerged only in the 1970s, in homage to his flat phase-space quantization picture.

Definition
The product for smooth functions $f$ and $g$ on $$\mathbb{R}^{2n}$$ takes the form $$f \star g = fg + \sum_{n=1}^\infty \hbar^n C_n(f,g),$$ where each $C_{n}$ is a certain bidifferential operator of order $n$ characterized by the following properties (see below for an explicit formula): Note that, if one wishes to take functions valued in the real numbers, then an alternative version eliminates the $i$ in the second condition and eliminates the fourth condition.
 * $$f \star g = fg + \mathcal O(\hbar),$$ Deformation of the pointwise product — implicit in the formula above.
 * $$f \star g - g \star f = i\hbar\{f,g\} + \mathcal O(\hbar^3) \equiv i\hbar \{\{f,g\}\},$$ Deformation of the Poisson bracket, called Moyal bracket.
 * $$f \star 1 = 1 \star f = f,$$ The 1 of the undeformed algebra is also the identity in the new algebra.
 * $$\overline{f \star g} = \overline{g} \star \overline{f},$$ The complex conjugate is an antilinear antiautomorphism.

If one restricts to polynomial functions, the above algebra is isomorphic to the Weyl algebra $A_{n}$, and the two offer alternative realizations of the Weyl map of the space of polynomials in $n$ variables (or the symmetric algebra of a vector space of dimension $2n$).

To provide an explicit formula, consider a constant Poisson bivector $Π$ on $$\mathbb{R}^{2n}$$: $$\Pi = \sum_{i,j} \Pi^{ij} \partial_i \wedge \partial_j,$$ where $Π^{ij}$ is a real number for each $i, j$. The star product of two functions $f$ and $g$ can then be defined as the pseudo-differential operator acting on both of them, $$f \star g = fg + \frac{i\hbar}{2} \sum_{i,j} \Pi^{ij} (\partial_i f) (\partial_j g) - \frac{\hbar^2}{8} \sum_{i,j,k,m} \Pi^{ij} \Pi^{km} (\partial_i \partial_k f) (\partial_j \partial_m g) + \ldots,$$ where $ħ$ is the reduced Planck constant, treated as a formal parameter here.

This is a special case of what is known as the Berezin formula on the algebra of symbols and can be given a closed form (which follows from the Baker–Campbell–Hausdorff formula). The closed form can be obtained by using the exponential: $$f \star g = m \circ e^{\frac{i\hbar}{2} \Pi}(f \otimes g),$$ where $m$ is the multiplication map, $m(a ⊗ b) = ab$, and the exponential is treated as a power series, $$e^A = \sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{1}{n!} A^n.$$

That is, the formula for $C_{n}$ is $$C_n = \frac{i^n}{2^n n!} m \circ \Pi^n.$$

As indicated, often one eliminates all occurrences of $i$ above, and the formulas then restrict naturally to real numbers.

Note that if the functions $f$ and $g$ are polynomials, the above infinite sums become finite (reducing to the ordinary Weyl-algebra case).

The relationship of the Moyal product to the generalized ★-product used in the definition of the "algebra of symbols" of a universal enveloping algebra follows from the fact that the Weyl algebra is the universal enveloping algebra of the Heisenberg algebra (modulo that the center equals the unit).

On manifolds
On any symplectic manifold, one can, at least locally, choose coordinates so as to make the symplectic structure constant, by Darboux's theorem; and, using the associated Poisson bivector, one may consider the above formula. For it to work globally, as a function on the whole manifold (and not just a local formula), one must equip the symplectic manifold with a torsion-free symplectic connection. This makes it a Fedosov manifold.

More general results for arbitrary Poisson manifolds (where the Darboux theorem does not apply) are given by the Kontsevich quantization formula.

Examples
A simple explicit example of the construction and utility of the ★-product (for the simplest case of a two-dimensional euclidean phase space) is given in the article on the Wigner–Weyl transform: two Gaussians compose with this ★-product according to a hyperbolic tangent law: $$ \exp\left[-a\left(x^2 + p^2\right)\right] \star \exp\left[-b\left(x^2 + p^2\right)\right] = \frac{1}{1 + \hbar^2 ab} \exp\left[-\frac{a + b}{1 + \hbar^2 ab} \left(x^2 + p^2\right)\right]. $$

(Note the classical limit, $ħ → 0$.)

Every correspondence prescription between phase space and Hilbert space, however, induces proper ★-product.

Similar results are seen in the Segal–Bargmann space and in the theta representation of the Heisenberg group, where the creation and annihilation operators $a^{∗} = z$ and $a = ∂/∂z$ are understood to act on the complex plane (respectively, the upper half-plane for the Heisenberg group), so that the position and momenta operators are given by $x = (a + a^{∗})/2$ and $p = (a - a^{∗})/(2i)$. This situation is clearly different from the case where the positions are taken to be real-valued, but does offer insights into the overall algebraic structure of the Heisenberg algebra and its envelope, the Weyl algebra.

Inside phase-space integrals
Inside a phase-space integral, just star product of the Moyal type may be dropped, resulting in plain multiplication,  as evident by integration by parts, $$\int dx\,dp\;f\star g= \int dx\,dp ~f ~g,$$ making the cyclicity of the phase-space trace manifest. This is a unique property of the above specific Moyal product, and does not hold for other correspondence rules' star products, such as Husimi's, etc.

title: Moyal product


text:
List of Hero System products

The Hero System (or HERO System) is a generic role-playing game system that developed from the superhero RPG Champions. This page lists all the products published for use with this role-playing system.

Product types
Publishers and gamers classify HERO System products into a few types of books:

 * Rulebook: Provides some version of the HERO System rules engine.
 * Rules Supplement: Provides new or optional rules (for the game system as a whole, or a particular setting), but not the core rules engine itself.
 * Genre Book: Covers creating and running games in a particular genre using the HERO System.
 * Subgenre Book:  Like a Genre Book, but focusing on a narrower segment of the full genre.
 * Campaign Setting: Describes a fictional world and/or provides parameters for a campaign.
 * Setting Expansion: Offers more detail on an existing Campaign Setting, such as detailing a single city or country within a larger fictional world.
 * Creature Book: Describes general monsters, animals, or similar classes of characters. For example, it might include "demons" or "vampires," but not a specific demon or vampire.
 * Enemies Book: Details specific adversaries for use in adventures (villains & villain teams, individually named monsters and antagonists, etc.).
 * Characters Book: Contains specific characters (like an Enemies Book), but not necessarily adversaries (allies, supporting characters, etc.).
 * Organization Book: Details the structure and workings of one or more organizations (companies, agencies, criminal empires, and so on).
 * Adventure Book: Outlines one or more pre-prepared adventure scenarios.
 * Powers Book: Offers pre-defined powers, spells, or the like.
 * Equipment Book: Details pre-defined gear of one or more kinds.
 * Playing Aid: Game-assistance material such as GM screens.

HERO System genres
Players typically refer to various story genres by the name of the HERO System genre book most prominently or most recently associated with it as follows:

 * Champions: Comic-book style superheroes. This is the genre most closely associated with the HERO System, and was also the title of the first HERO System game in 1981.  Many players call the game system itself by the name "Champions," or consider that name interchangeable with the term "HERO System."
 * Fantasy Hero: Fantasy adventure typically featuring wizards, swordsmen, kings, quests, dragons, prophecies, and so on.
 * Star Hero: Science-Fiction and other futuristic settings.
 * Pulp Hero: Action-Adventure in the style of the 1920s-1930s pulp adventure magazines (flying aces, daring archaeologists, Nazis, masked men, gangsters, mad scientists, and so on).
 * Dark Champions: Modern-day Action Adventure such as non-superpowered vigilantes, military or law enforcement, international espionage, etc.
 * Horror Hero: Stories played for fright, usually featuring normal people facing (or fleeing) supernatural evil or other Things Man Was Not Meant To Know.
 * Ninja Hero: Martial Arts adventure in the vein of wuxia cinema and similar tales.
 * Cyber Hero: Near-future (often dystopian) stories typically spotlighting the convergence of humanity and technology.
 * Post-Apocalyptic Hero: Adventure in worlds after the fall of an earlier civilization.
 * Western Hero: Sixguns and sheriffs in the American Wild West.
 * Robot Warriors: Anime-style Mecha adventure.
 * The Widening Gyre: Steampunk adventure.

title: List of Hero System products


text: User talk:66.165.46.130

title: User talk:66.165.46.130


text:
McNary Field

McNary Field (Salem-Willamette Valley Airport, formerly Salem Municipal Airport) is in Marion County, Oregon, United States, two miles southeast of downtown Salem, which owns it. The airport is named for U.S. Senator Charles L. McNary.

McNary Field has had scheduled airline flights, including service on Delta Connection that ended in October 2008. The National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015 categorized it as a primary commercial service facility based on enplanements in 2008 (more than 10,000 per year). Federal Aviation Administration records say the airport had 15,205 passenger boardings (enplanements) in calendar year 2008, an increase from 12,979 in 2007.

The Oregon Army National Guard - Army Aviation Support Facility (AASF) and charter flights also use the facilities. McNary Field is the home of the Oregon Department of Aviation.

On June 10, 2024 the Salem City Council voted to change the Airport name from Salem Municipal Airport to Salem-Willamette Valley Airport wanting to better align the location of the airport in the heart of the Willamette Valley.

Airline service
United Airlines was the first airline to serve Salem beginning in 1941–42; their Boeing 737-200 mainline jet service operating a roundtrip San Francisco (SFO) - Medford (MFR) - Salem (SLE) - Portland (PDX) route was discontinued in 1980. All passenger airline service into McNary Field ended in 1993. The city campaigned to bring scheduled passenger service back, and on June 7, 2007 Delta Connection operated by SkyWest Airlines on behalf of Delta Air Lines began serving Salem with two CRJ-200 regional jet flights a day to Salt Lake City (SLC) that ended on October 9, 2008. Earlier, Horizon Air commuter turboprops flew between Salem and Portland.

In April 2011 SeaPort Airlines, an Oregon-based commuter airline, began 11 weekly flights between Newport Municipal Airport (Oregon), Salem and Portland International Airport. The service was short-lived and three months later in July 2011 SeaPort Airlines ended all service into Salem.

On April 10, 2023, the City Council approved an air carrier agreement with an undisclosed airline to begin service to Salem. Initial service would be to the Los Angeles area and Las Vegas. Future service could include Phoenix and the San Francisco Bay Area. Terminal renovations were then completed to accommodate the TSA and ground support equipment was purchased to accommodate the new airline service. On July 13, 2023 Avelo Airlines announced it was planning to initiate scheduled passenger service to Burbank, CA (BUR) and Las Vegas, NV (LAS) with twice weekly direct flights operated with Boeing 737 mainline jets to each destination beginning in early October 2023. Avelo has since announced that it will operate non stop 737 jet service to commence in early May 2024 with twice weekly flights to Santa Rosa, CA (STS) in Sonoma County. Avelo has also increased Burbank flights to 3 round trips per week.

Facilities
McNary Field covers 751 acres (304 ha) at an elevation of 213 feet (65 m). It has two asphalt runways: 13/31, 5811 ft long with an ILS, and 5146 ft runway (16/34). There is one helipad: H1, 37 x 37 feet (11 x 11 meters).

The airport has a control tower, a restaurant, a general aviation center including limited flight training, and a small terminal. The terminal building is about 13,830 ft2 which includes airport administration offices and after an expansion in 2010 that added ticket counters, car rental counters, a baggage area, and enlarged the waiting area. The terminal currently has one departure gate behind security and a general gate for arriving passengers in front of security. The expanded facility is more than twice the size of the old terminal, and was designed by Mead & Hunt.

The control tower is 44 ft high Hunt/Avco design built in 1973. It consists of a square tower with a hexagonal cab.

In the year ending December 31, 2022, the airport had 45,357 aircraft operations, average 124 per day: 86% general aviation, 7% military, 8% air taxi, and <1% commercial. 182 aircraft were then based at the airport: 136 single-engine, 10 multi-engine, 6 jet, 9 helicopter, 2 glider, and 19 military.

title: McNary Field


text:
Disney's All-Star Movies Resort

Disney's All-Star Movies Resort is a resort hotel located at the Walt Disney World Resort. It is one of five Disney Resorts in the "Value" category, along with Disney's All-Star Sports Resort, Disney's All-Star Music Resort, Disney's Pop Century Resort, and Disney's Art of Animation Resort. The resort is located on the southern portion of the Walt Disney World property and has a Disney Movie theme. Like all Disney Value resorts, the property is decorated with giant Disney film icons such as the Fantasia Pool; a Mighty Ducks-themed Duck Pond Pool; Herbie, The Love Bug; puppies from One Hundred and One Dalmatians; and some of the residents of Andy's Room from Pixar's Toy Story. Like the other value resorts, the All-Star Movies has a large food court and poolside bar.

Most rooms are available with two queen beds. A limited number of rooms with king-size beds are also available. Disabled accessible rooms are available. Irons, ironing boards, mini-refrigerators and hair dryers, and in-room safes are in each room.

The groundbreaking for the All-Star Resort complex was in November 1992. The architect of the resort was Arquitectonica. of Miami. All-Star Movies was the third All-Star Resort to open after Disney's All-Star Sports Resort and Disney’s All-Star Music Resort. 101 Dalmatians and Mighty Ducks were the first buildings to open on January 15, 1999, Fantasia and Love Bug opened in March 1999, and Toy Story was the last to open in April 1999. The resort opened on January 15, 1999.

Areas

 * 101 Dalmatians (Bldgs. 1 & 4)
 * Mighty Ducks (Bldgs. 2 & 3)
 * Fantasia (Bldgs. 5 & 8)
 * The Love Bug (Bldgs. 6 & 7)
 * Toy Story (Bldgs. 9 & 10)

Dining and shopping

 * World Premiere Food Court
 * Silver Screen Spirits Bar
 * Donald's Double Feature store
 * Reel Fun Arcade

Disney transportation
Disney's All-Star Resorts are connected via bus to the various theme parks and activities located throughout the resort complex.

title: Disney's All-Star Movies Resort


text:
Talk:2004 Redfern riots

Untitled
"lasting until Monday morning" If we don't know when they started, this is meaningless because it doesn't tell us how long the riots lasted. What day was Feb 14th 2004? pomegranate 00:09, May 27, 2005 (UTC)

Is there any particular reason where 2 incidents of civil unrest are linked in a page that appears to be inappropriately titled. Hmette 12:02, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

The linkages seem valid, but they should probably be split out into a seperate section. Maybe ==Similar events==.

I'm not thrilled about this whole article, it misses a few facts.

There was an outstanding arrest warrant for TJ, most of the rioters were not locals, the area impacted was reasonably small, and I'm pretty sure that TJ's bycycle had no brakes.

At the time of the riot there was a big crackdown on a few local drug dealers happening and I'm told (by a friend with good connections to the block) that many of the rioters worked for the dealers and had been stockpiling wheelie bins full of half bricks for a few days.

The link to Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody seems POV.

On the other paw, the article also glosses over how unprepared for the riots the police apparently were.

Feburary 14 was a Sunday.

The SMH report cited in the main body of the article is pretty good. See in particular http://smh.com.au/media/2004/02/19/1077072769138.html for the basics of what happened.

Regards, Ben Aveling 20:03, 5 November 2005 (UTC)

-- I question the the reference to the damage at the railway station being "superficial" when the damage bill was reported at being in excess of $3 million dollars and was shut for some time. Regards, Yeppoon 13:07, 4 August 2010 (UTC)

The introduction to this article seems strongly biased on the side of the Police rather than simply stating the facts Regards, belblah 23:46, 30 April 2012

CBS article from the time suggests riot went for 9 hours ABC article reporting as it ended suggests riot ended around 5am Monday 16th Feb. 2004 (article seems to state higher number of officers injured, multiple of articles from various sources back up number being 40 or so) Assuming CBS news reported correctly, riot would've begun around 8pm Sunday 15th Feb. 2004 Regards, Blaziel 07:15, 21 November 2023

title: Talk:2004 Redfern riots


text:
Talk:Landing Ship, Tank

Hammond Innes's Atlantic Fury
Just read the Kindle edition of this book. The novel clearly states that the two ships caught in the storm are LCTs and not LSTs. Also, the description of the ships with uncovered tank decks fits LCTs. I propose this book description be moved from this article to the LCT article. Thoughts? Tfdavisatsnetnet (talk) 09:56, 4 July 2022 (UTC)

 * OK, moved. Thanks! Tfdavisatsnetnet (talk) 03:04, 24 July 2022 (UTC)

"This enabled amphibious assaults on almost any beach."
This description of LST use in the lede paragraph is highly misleading. As stated in the Landing Craft Air Cushion article, "Due to its tremendous over-the-beach capability, the LCAC can access more than 80% of the world's coastlines...Previously, landing craft had a top speed of approximately eight knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph) and could cross only 17% of the world's beach area".

While this quote states 'craft', the number for LSTs was similar.

Thoughts?Tfdavisatsnetnet (talk) 20:09, 11 July 2022 (UTC)

The Newport Class is not mentioned
The Newport class has it's own page, as do each of the ships. I don't know how to add a box on the right side of the page. Jtmilesmmr (talk) 20:54, 28 February 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Landing Ship, Tank


text:
Talk:Genesis 1:1

From Category talk:Hebrew Bible verses: How might we consistently arrange this category?
See Category talk:Hebrew Bible verses as the notes below relate to here first. IZAK 00:12, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

This category could end up with many useful, fun and controversial pages!

old queen mary said "Probably we can start debating now about ordering and numbering the verses in light of different canons -- do we use the Jewish Study Bible (Oxford) or the (Christian) New Oxford Annotated Bible, etc ?! Or maybe a POV filter for readers who only want to see their religion's ordering and verse analysis!"

How about proposing a default template or ideal/potential organization for each new verse or group of verses? For instance:

Introduction) Open w/an overview statement and Biblical context (previous and succeeding verses), fun/catchy points/trivia 1) Text -- see examples Gen 1:1-2--
 * (a) Hebrew text with
 * (b) Various translations -- I would recommend also Everett Fox's poetic/literal and an Aramaic Targum (either text itself or relevant points from targum) and Septuagint (text or relevant points). Maybe RSV. Probably drop some less important/novel choices.
 * (c) Technical/linguistic notes on the tex:. Eg (a) grammatical, lexical info (b) concordance info; (c) accents, masora, variant readings/spellings, special marks, and other critical apparatus items; (d) misc tech/linguistic info....

2) Analysis, commentary and intepretation of the verse
 * (a) Academic "neutral" analysis, eg, (a) higher/lower text critical analysis,(b) archaeological, (c) sociohistorical, (d) political, feminist, etc. etc.  I put this first partly due to NPOV and partly because it will be catchier for most readers.
 * (b) Inter-biblical interpretation (e.g., Fishbane's data in Biblical Interpretation in Ancient Israel), e.g. Psalms on Exodus verses
 * (c) Classical religious exegesis, maybe arranged chronologically by author/source, or typologically by Jewish, Christian, Moslem, etc., e.g., Qumranic, Philo, NT, Mishnah, Church Fathers, Midrash, Quranic, Medieval, etc. etc. [Maybe best to do it chronologically by source within ~5 major groupings: Ancient, Samaritan, Rabbinic, Karaitic, Pre-Reformation Christian, Moslem, Catholic, Protestant, [non-Abrahamic religions?!] etc.
 * (I don't think this can be divided by genre, eg allegorical - legal - midrashic etc, without constant nitpicking)
 * (d) Misc. literary, polemical and other exegesis

3) Usage of the verse, e.g.,
 * (a) Interesting popular and historical uses -- maybe put this at front of article, esp if catchy / noteworthy /fun
 * (b) Liturgical, again arranged by source or by religion/denomination
 * (c) Normative uses for religious law (e.g. halakha) and ethics (e.g. Catholic social teachings)
 * (d) Theological and philosophical

4) References, external links, etc

Yikes, this is way too ambitious for any given verse. Sorry if I've wasted our time/space. It could be an ideal arrangement.

Maybe do: For each verse, do the (1) text, as above. For groups of verses: do (2) Analysis, (3) Usage. It would be fine to have overlap in groupings because different exegeses/analyses cover different groupings. That's how the bibliographic databases handle the problem (e.g., ATLA Religion database).

Kudos for naming this "Hebrew Bible" and not a more POV term! Take care. --HG 05:18, 26 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I would like to see some of the more modern/readable translations used as well. I've been involved in adding God's Word, Holman Christian Standard Bible, New King James Version, and The Message to the various bible verse articles. It would be very nice if somone could find an online version of the Artscroll translation of the Tanakh, so that we could have a second jewish translation. Klonimus 02:50, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)

About more than creationism
Do we need to have a 'Creationism' topic menu on this article. Its presence here hardly seems NPOV - and I for one rather resent it.

 * I agree, this is a bible verse, not an article about creationism. Klonimus 02:51, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Please don't clobber the additional translations
I'm trying to add some more modern translations to all the bible verse articles.

 * Holman Christian Standard Bible
 * God's Word (bible translation)
 * The Message
 * New King James Version

These translations are quite popular in the US among the evangelical community, and the HCSB and God's Word translations are both schlarly and very readable.

If you are interested in parralell translations I recomend http://bible.crosswalk.com] as a good source.Klonimus 00:30, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Hey buddy who the heck are you? Don't know about the ~ tildes, 'eh? That is point one. Point two is, who the heck do you think you are suggesting an outright clear POV from "the evangelical community" yet? Point three is, just how many translations from Christianity's POV does Wikipedia need here? 5? 10? 15? How about three or four only? Sound reasonable to you, whoever the heck you are? And the final point is: Stay tuned for some authentic Jewish translations because, hey bud, guess what, the Hebrew Bible was written in Hebrew (that's right!) and the good things about Judaism's translations of the Bible into other languages is that they remain faithful to the original because they know where-of they speak, unlike the 10, 15, or 20 wannabe translations, get what I mean, man? So do you really get the drift man, we gonna have some Wikipedia-style variety here man, and include a couple of Jewish published translations when we can, ok? Have a good day, whatever the heck your name is man... IZAK 11:06, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Sup, I'm trying to have a comprehensive set of bible translations included in all the bible verse articles. That includes popular translations into english. There is no need to get nasty. Klonimus 00:30, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * "the good things about Judaism's translations of the Bible into other languages is that they remain faithful to the original because they know where-of they speak" - The Jewish (or rather Rabbinical) interpretations also have their biases. For example, they refuse to acknowledge the possible plural interpretation of Elohim, since it doesn't fit with their theology.--MacRùsgail (talk) 18:15, 8 November 2012 (UTC)

 * The vast majority of the "translations" at are not actually translations, rather they are repetitions or minor rewordings of the text as found in the KJV and older versions, which base their translations of Gen 1:1 on the Vulgate, rather than from the original Hebrew or even the Septuagint.  There are a few notable exceptions, of course, but for the most part they are equally unauthentic when it comes to other passages.  (Gen. 1:1 is a verse whose translation, as poetic as its common form sounds, is well-known among Bible-scholars to be incorrect.  Unlike passages like that surrounding Isaiah 7:14, accurately translating Gen. 1:1 doesn't undermine Christological mistranslation and misinterpretation of the original.)  Eventhough "The Complete Jewish Bible" correctly translates `alma there (in Isaiah 7:14), it too falls back on the English translation of the Vulgate for Gen.1:1, rather than going with a more accurate translation from the Hebrew, in a way revealing the fact that "The Complete Jewish Bible" is actually a Christian Bible masquerading as something it's not.  To wit:
 * The Complete Jewish Bible - Copyright 1998 by David H. Stern. Published by Jewish New Testament Publications, Inc. Distributed by Messianic Jewish Resources Int'l.. All rights reserved. Used by permission.
 * Not that that's going to affect any POV-pushers... Tomer TALK 13:14, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)

 * If we are wanting to keep the list of translations short, is there some reason we need two copies of the KJV? I saw in the edit history that the duplicate was removed and then edited back in. GBeeley 08:57, 14 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Regarding the 'vast majority ... are repetitions or minor rewordings' issue, the preface to the NIV claims "completely new translation ... for the Old Testament the standard Hebrew text, the Masoretic Text ... was used throughout". The preface to the NASB claims "new translation project ... BIBLIA HEBRAICA has been employed ...".  GBeeley 08:57, 14 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Over the years, this table has become far too confusing. I've reorganized it along lines similar to the John 3:16 article, in order to include a representative sample of translations while imparting some notion of their significance. AndrewNJ (talk) 04:29, 24 December 2008 (UTC)

Useful links for authorship

 * --Neutralitytalk 14:34, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)

In reference to the following portion of this article:

In the Masoretic text: Unvocalized: בראשית ברא אלהים את השמים ואת הארץ Vocalized and punctuated: בְּרֵאשִׁית, בָּרָא אֱלֹהִים, אֵת הַשָּׁמַיִם, וְאֵת הָאָרֶץ Transliterated: Bereishit bara Elohim et hashamayim ve'et ha'aretz. Word-by-word literal equivalent: (In the) beginning filled God the heavens and the earth. Note: The word et (אֵת) is a Hebrew particle that points to the direct object that it comes in front of. The particle has not been included in the literal equivalent above. The word ha (preceding shamayim and aretz) is a definite article equivalent to the English definite the.

It would seem that the particle *was* included i th literal equivalent above since the word "the" is included in the literal for both "heavans" and "earth." As such, the following statement should be removed from the page: "The particle has not been included in the literal equivalent above." I'm going to try to comment it out so that it can be easily added back.

-Brett

Word-by-word literal equivalent
The literal traslation of ברא is not "filled", it is more like "create" or "cause to exist". It's a verb found almost solely in connection with God as the act of bringing things into existance. As it is rare to see it in other contexts it is hard to understand it's meaning beyond "whatever it is God does that makes things exist". God is often called בורא עולם (Bore Olam) in Hebrew, Olam meaning "the world", and the whole title meaning "the creator of the World".

In any case, it's clear that ברא does not mean "to fill".DuckeJ 14:52, 3 August 2007 (UTC)

I too think it should be translated as "created". I can't see why it would be "filled".

Some edits
I made some substantial edits - namely I deleted the large table giving many bible-translations of the first phrase of Gen.1 - so I'll explain why. First, this is just the first few words - it seems very disproportionate to give so much attention to these words and ignore the rest of Genesis 1. Second, the list of possible translations is potentially infinite - as it is, two of the translations in the table differed only by the addition of a comma. Far better would be to discuss what biblical scholars have said, and why the various translations differ.PiCo (talk) 23:06, 12 August 2010 (UTC)

Redirect
Reasons for redirect: Thanks,  —  Jasonasosa  23:20, 3 August 2012 (UTC)
 * 1) This page is already covered at Genesis creation narrative
 * 2) This page does not give proper references being mostly WP:OR in nature.
 * 3) The POV has wp:weight that is already covered at: Bereishit (parsha)
 * I think this article has potential. The different translations offered are very significant (i.e. much has been written about them) and an explanation fits better here than at Genesis creation narrative. So why redirect? Why not put a main tag and summary at Genesis creation narrative? StAnselm (talk) 07:14, 5 August 2012 (UTC)

Delete
This article was proposed for deletion in 2005 at Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Genesis 1:1. Please reconsider this article for deletion based on my comments above under redirect. Thanks,  —  Jasonasosa  07:25, 5 August 2012 (UTC)
 * I accept the 2012 consensus to keep the page, and will find a way to improve it. Thanks,  —  Jasonasosa  21:36, 14 August 2012 (UTC)

Article improvement
Re: User:Lquilter's comment on Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Genesis 1:1 (2nd nomination)

 * "Keep and trim the parent article - If the content is entirely redundant, then I would probably propose editing down the main Genesis article and including a "see ..." reference for the Genesis 1:1. In its English-language version, this is one of the most familiar passages in the entire Christian Bible, and has, as User:Nyttend observes, been the subject of massive amounts of scholarly scrutiny dedicated to this passage alone. --Lquilter (talk) 14:49, 7 August 2012 (UTC)

In an effort to improve this article, I'm going to take User:Lquilter up on slightly trimming the Genesis creation narrative article to build this page. Thanks,  —  Jasonasosa  21:40, 14 August 2012 (UTC)

Translation
The lead says: ''Genesis 1:1 reads: In the beginning, GOD created the heavens and the earth. The Hebrew transliteration reads: Bereishit bara Elohim et hashamayim ve'et ha'aretz.''

This is confused. The Hebrew is the original - in other words, Genesis 1:1 does NOT read "In the beginning, GOD created the heavens and the earth", it reads "Bereishit bara Elohim et hashamayim ve'et ha'aretz", and the English is a translation of that. PiCo (talk) 12:13, 7 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Agreed!  —  Jasonasosa  15:31, 7 September 2012 (UTC)

— Jasonasosa  16:06, 7 September 2012 (UTC)
 * "Bereishit bara Elohim et hashamayim ve'et ha'aretz" is not, in fact, Hebrew, but transliterated Hebrew. The lede was correct as it stood. -- 202.124.72.63 (talk) 02:08, 8 September 2012 (UTC)
 * What's there now is correct - I don't know if what you saw is what I see. I have a problem with this confident assertion that the translation is "In the beginning God created...." - the translation is notoriously difficult, and most authorities today opt for the alternative. What's needed is a very brief explanation of the difficulty. PiCo (talk) 06:32, 8 September 2012 (UTC)
 * The lede should probably identify the particular English translation used (what we have is, I think, the Jewish Bible, but it's identical to the KJV). After Masoretic text, there should be a section on translation issues. -- 202.124.88.253 (talk) 02:14, 9 September 2012 (UTC)
 * And it's not correct -- "ve'et ha'aretz" is a modern Hebrew transliteration, not an ancient one; the ancient Hebrew would be "we'et". What today is called "vav" was three millennia ago a "waw". Dismalscholar (talk) 04:43, 15 July 2024 (UTC)

NPOV: What about other religions?
This focusses exclusively on the Jewish, or rather Rabbinical, interpretation. What about intepretation by other religions? Yes, I'm well aware that it was originally written in Hebrew (although the vowels and translation are possibly partly lost, and certain Jewish interpreters have their own agenda). However, it is also a sacred scripture to Christians, Karaites, Samaritans, Bahais etc, and was perhaps known to the founders of Islam.--MacRùsgail (talk) 18:13, 8 November 2012 (UTC)
 * The Interpretations section has been deleted, and the article now concentrates on grammar and original meaning.PiCo (talk) 07:55, 20 December 2012 (UTC)

Biased tone
The Priestly authors of Genesis 1, writing around 500-400 BCE, had been concerned not with the origins of matter (the material which God formed into the habitable cosmos), but with the fixing of destinies.

This assumes that Genesis 1 was written by the Priestly authors (JEPD hypothesis). There is also the traditional view that Genesis was written by Moses.

Justinrleung (talk) 04:03, 10 April 2014 (UTC)

בראשית ברא אלהים את השמים ואת הארץ - Seven words/28 letters
בראשית ברא אלהים את השמים ואת הארץ - Seven words/28 letters. This is important to those who practice Kabbalah. - The Messenger 50.153.105.13 (talk) 10:46, 29 April 2015 (UTC)

English translation
'Genesis 1:1-2 can be translated into English in at least three ways: [...] By the 2nd century CE the first translation had become the dominant one' -- What does this mean? The English language wasn't around in the 2nd century CE.... --jftsang 11:49, 27 August 2015 (UTC)

 * Your second sentence isn't in the article, and you've taken sections from two distinct paragraphs and run them together.PiCo (talk) 00:26, 4 October 2015 (UTC)

Genesis 1:1 in its original Hebrew is 7 words and 28 letters
I tweaked the following... '''Unvocalized: (7 words and 28 letters) ''' 2601:589:4705:C7C0:99F8:B4AA:5E87:8EA6 (talk) 10:46, 30 October 2015 (UTC)

 * I moved the "7 words and 28 letters" to the introductory sentence because I could not fix the bad formatting. I also removed the commas from the vocalized text. They are not in standard editions that I consulted and appear to be part of someones interpretation.--agr (talk) 14:29, 30 October 2015 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: English 102 Section 5
— Assignment last updated by DoctorBeee (talk) 20:35, 11 March 2024 (UTC)

Error in "Text" section
This statement is made:

" a peculiarity of this verb is that it used only of God."

This is definitely incorrect; I can think of three verses offhand where בָּרָא is used of others than God, in Exodus, Joshua, and 1 Samuel. I am aware that several scholars have made this claim but anyone who can read Hebrew can easily find that it is just not so.

see Exodus 34:10, Joshua 17: 15, 18, 1 Samuel 2:29.

This line should be removed. Dismalscholar (talk) 04:51, 15 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Genesis 1:1


text:
User:Rishashaya

Hi, I am Rishashaya, user of Wikipedia. I am a newbie so please bear with me if I make mistakes. So far, I pretty much just surf wikipedia, looking for spelling errors, which are hard to come across, actually. But I have learned things from this site, which is a great free encyclopedia!

title: User:Rishashaya


text:
Talk:List of historical plagues

Start
Hey Wetman -- thought this was my assignment. But -- we are working from two different assumptions. My definition in progress is not dealing solely with bubonic plague (we have an article about that), but with the medical, historical and social ramifications of epidemic disease. Why don't you tell me what you had in mind for this page and we'll see what works best? WBardwin 00:13, 27 May 2005 (UTC)\

 * Sorry. Busy fingers make a rat's next. Revert me! I'll be patient and see what you come up with. --Wetman 00:38, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Oh, I think it's fine for a beginning. There are so many ways we can direct people to articles about infectious epidemic disease -- to the Columbian/Amerind contact, to historic plagues, to the modern AIDS articles and finally to current isssues like the ongoing fear of avian flu.  That's what came to my mind when you brought the page up.  Sometimes simple disambig. pages direct people without defining their search.  So, that's what I thought I would do here.  We still might need more disambig. entries on the page you made, probably some of those now listed here.  And I've thought about a list page on  plagues for a couple of months, perhaps sorted by disease, or location or time frame.  Lots of ways of looking at this large social history issue.   Think about it as I putter around.  Thanks.  WBardwin 01:16, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

So -- am I thinking about an article titled: "Plague and Human History"??? Much of the plague definition could be placed in epidemic and the beginnings of a real list is in List of epidemics. This partial list has only two sections / sorted by different criteria. I have some good reference material to add. What would be the best way to divide it up?
 * 1) by date? good for historians. (i.e. divided into ancient history, medieval history, early modern history and modern day??)
 * 2) by causal agent? good for medical readers.  (i.e. smallpox, typhus, bubonic plague, unidentified agent etc??)
 * 3) by geographic area -- (probably by continent??) good for epidemiologists and people interested in histories of individual countries.  (but would cause duplication for most of the pandemics, and some epidemics in border regions.)

What and how much should go on the new disambig. page?

 * We should see also:
 * Endemic
 * Pandemic
 * Epizootic

Please brainstorm with me on this. Thanks. WBardwin 04:55, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

The Black Death
There is a theory that says that the bubonic plague could not have caused "The Black Death", the pandemic that halved the european population several times during the middle ages. First, the particular kind of rat that spreads the disease is not endemic to Europe; second, the european writings documenting the disease never mention rats dying prior to the outbreak; third: bubonic plague – being carried by rats and their flea – spreads very slowly and usually dies out after a few tens of kilometers, unlike the black death, which spread lightning fast and gripped the whole of Europe. The evidence suggests that The Black Death was caused by another AIRBORN disease. That disease died out because the european population slowly got immune to it (documents show that a smaller and smaller percent of the population got sick and died with every new epidemic).

 * Regarding your comments on the alternative causes of the Black Death -- please see sections in that article dealing with those theories.  If you have additional information, please feel free to edit it in.  WBardwin 17:24, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't have enough confidence in my english skills to edit articles :). I just read the Black Death article and it does present the alternative theory. The problem is that this article does not, and it passes the bubonic plague as a CERTAIN cause for the Black Death pandemic. Some people might not even get to the other article and read the whole story. That's why I felt that a note saying that there's an alternative theory (with a link to the section in the Black Death article) would be worth including. --82.79.168.47 20:34, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

Changes without discussion??
Re: Plague and List of Bubonic plague outbreaks. At least three editors had plans for the original Plague article, as you might notice on the discussion page. Consensus is a Wiki virtue, is it not? So, why did you decide to change without listing your reasons and allowing discussion? What is your intention in splitting the article? Will watch "your" new list page for response. WBardwin 23:18, 3 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Indeed the changes were abrupt and I did attempt some discussion, at Talk:Plague (disambiguation) where I did say "These changes may be confusing and I'm happy to disucss them".

 * I'll explain what I did and why. Firstly I consider my actions to be a stop-gap measure to fix a terrible navigational problem. Plague was dealt with horribly, and I fixed the situation temporarily. The changes are not meant to be permanent, particularly the creation of this list. I discovered Plague (in this state) as a disambiguation page, and also Plague (disambiguation) (in this state). In that state, Plague wan't a dab, it was a list of Bubonic plague outbreaks (now I see there was some attempt to expand to smallpox etc, so a move to List of plague outbreaks may be appropriate), so I moved it to List of Bubonic plague outbreaks.

 * I then made Plague redirect to Plague (disambiguation), and removed any duplicated List of Bubonic plague outbreaks from Plague (disambiguation).

 * The reason why Plague (in this state) was not approriate as an article is that is half-heartedly discussed the Bubonic plague instead of directing a reader to the Bubonic plague article. If a more appropriate article is created in the future then I'll support that existing at Plague, but at the moment Plague should redirect to Plague (disambiguation).

 * Immediate action that I think needs to be done is move List of Bubonic plague outbreaks to List of plague outbreaks, you agree?

 * --Commander Keane 04:59, 4 November 2005 (UTC)

 * well, the original plague article was created at the spur of the moment, as three of us were trying to organize the vast amount of information on plague's impact on human culture, specifically bubonic at the time. I'm afraid we set it up as a place holder while more research and thinking was done.  So -- really no harm done.  I suppose I was feeling guilty about putting off the research an article of that magnitude is going to take.  I've done a little expansion to the original text in preparation for the bigger article.  I don't think I'll be able to coerce my reference librarian to letting me bring home the two volumes of plague  encyclopedia I will need anytime soon, at least until after the holidays.  If anyone else has information on other disease outbreaks -  we could make a start on distinct lists on smallpox, typhus, etc.  Please forgive my cranky note.  Best wishes, and again my apologies.  WBardwin 01:40, 8 November 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm afraid I jumped into this area ignorant of this discussion - and didn't realize you guys had been working on the same issue. I have been approaching it from the disambiguation angle and hope I have been doing useful stuff but should connect with any plans here before I go much further.  When I went through the disambiguating all the links to plague, I have been using the following criteria:

 * If it had to do with the effects of the epidemics in Europe from the 14th to early 18th century, I change the link (usually not the word linked) to Black Plague.
 * If it had to do with the medical aspects in particular or are appear to be about the specific disease(s) caused by Yersinia pestis, I link it to Bubonic plague.
 * If it had to do with the Biblical Plagues, I link to Plagues of Egypt
 * If it had to do with the agent of more generic epidemics, I link it to Pestilence or Pandemic depending on context.
 * In a few cases, a direct reference to Yersinia pestis made sense.

 * I think a good way to proceed is to describe what articles should exist and then figure out what the articles should be named. From what I have seen here in Wikipedia, the following seem to be articles we would want.  The names are proposals mainly to be able to talk about them here, the final "real" article names can be discussed later:

 * Articles
 * "Plague (epidemic)" - a discussion of important epidemics in history (beyond just Yersinia).
 * "Plague (medicine)" - the diseases caused by Yersinia pestis.
 * "Plague (history)" - overview history of epidemics supposed to be of Yersinia origin and their impact.
 * "Plague (biblical)" - the "Plagues of Egypt"

 * "Black Death" - the 14th century epidemic and its consequences.
 * "The Plague of xxxx" - particular epidemics and their consequences.
 * Naming
 * "Plague (epidemic)" might better be Epidemic (history)
 * "Plague (medicine)" seems to match Bubonic plague as it is now.
 * "Plague (history)" seems to match this List of Bubonic plague outbreaks with some history expanded from the other articles.
 * "Plague (biblical)" seems to match Plagues of Egypt okay.
 * The "Black Death" might be narrowed down to the one century and be referenced from "Plague (history)" - an the "The Plague of xxxx" would similarly be handled.

 * Let me know what you think - and how I can help. It might make sense to continue my disambiguation work anyway as described at the top of this massive update (it should be easier to adjust to any article motion later), but I'll wait a bit to see what anyone thinks. John (Jwy) 19:20, 7 January 2006 (UTC)

Missing Plague?
I'm currently reading an old (1975) Readers Digest hard cover book and it has a section called "The disease that changed history".

Among the usual outbreaks discussed it also details a 1910 outbreak of Bubonic Plague in Siberia that lasted 7 months and killed over 60,000 people, it especially went into detail on the cause of the plague as it originated in Marmots not rats.

I've been unable to find anything online about it. Can anyone confirm this outbreak and if confirmed in what artical(s) should it be posted? Wayne 13:27, 27 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Take a look at Third Pandemic which originated in Asia near Siberia, has been associated with marmots, and spread the plague worldwide. Hope that helps.  WBardwin 04:46, 7 April 2007 (UTC)

What about syphilis? I read that syphilis has killed 100 million people since 1900, or 4 times the number who died during the bubonic, that it reached epidemic proportion shortly after its first appearence in the late 15th century. Maybe it's as no one wants to brings up that the native Americans gave the Europeans that as a going away present! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 198.103.184.76 (talk) 22:37, 28 October 2009 (UTC)

Merge with Pestilence article
I recently added a little material here on plague and its effect on human history (see early discussion at top of this page). Our idea may be related to the Pestilence stub. Merge? Use the Pestilence page for the material with broader scope, Plague and pestilence, and leave the list here? Comments? WBardwin 20:36, 21 April 2007 (UTC)
 * It's been months. I'm turning "Pestilence" into a disambiguation page, unless great howls are heard. Here's the only bit I removed; use it elsewhere as appropriate:

The 14th-century English poet Geoffrey Chaucer spoke of "pestilence" in "The Pardoner's Tale", referring to the Black Death:
 * Ther cam a privee theef men clepeth Deeth,
 * That in this contree al the peple sleeth,
 * And with his spere he smoot his herte atwo,
 * And wente his wey withouten wordes mo.
 * He hath a thousand slayn this pestilence.
 * —Yamara ✉  17:31, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

Article is (probably) overconfident in attributing some plagues to a virus instead of Y. Pestis
There was a series of anon edits back in July that collectively presented as fact the contemporary hypothesis that the Black Death and some similar plagues were not Y. Pestis at all, but some viral hemorrhagic disease. Now, I'm not an expert here, but my impression is that this idea does not yet have general acceptance. (Obviously, the fact that you can find a reference for the claim does not prove it's generally accepted.) Someone who knows more about it than I do should edit this to a more neutral presentation. --Trovatore (talk) 10:25, 13 November 2008 (UTC)

I totally agree with you, Trovatore. As such, I am editing the paragraph with the "repudiation" of the Y. pestis theory so that it says that there are alternative theories but this is the most accepted.Azureprophet (talk) 22:00, 24 November 2008 (UTC)

RE: Black Death 14th cen.: While it may have started as Bubonic Plague, it became Pneumonic Plague, which is spread through aerosols from people with infected lungs coughing. It spreads faster and kills faster in that form. Calling Pneumonic Plague "hemorrhagic plague" is not completely accurate, nor does that term correspond to modern terms. I am not editing the article, but I think that it would be nice if a historian rewrote it. PLewicke (talk) 20:06, 14 May 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of historical plagues


text:
Naf River

The Naf River (নাফ নদী Naf Nodi ; နတ်မြစ် ; ) is an international river marking the border of southeastern Bangladesh and northwestern Myanmar.

Geography
The Naf's average depth is 128 ft, and maximum depth is 400 ft. Its width varies from 1.61 km to 3.22 km.

It flows into the Bay of Bengal in the Indian Ocean, between the Bangladeshi Cox's Bazar District of the Chittagong Division, and the Burmese Rakhine State.

Historically, Shapuree Island, located at the mouth of the river, has played an important role territorially. It is considered one of the immediate causes for the first Anglo-Burmese War. St. Martin's Island is also at the river's mouth.

River incidents with fishermen and refugees
Regular incidents in which fishermen and Burmese refugees are shot at by the Tatmadaw (Myanmar Armed Forces), and/or refugees are escorted back to Myanmar by Bangladeshi troops have occurred on the Naf River.

These include but are not limited to the following:
 * February 1992 — The Lun Htin, A Burmese paramilitary force, killed 20 refugees who were crossing the Naf River into Bangladesh.
 * 24 March 1994 — Members of the Myanmar Army's Western Military Command patrolling the Naf River found a group of Rohingya Muslims fishing in a small country boat. The soldiers tried to extort money from the fishermen, but when they were unable to do so, tied them up with rope and brought them to Balu Khali village in Maungdaw Township. Eight of the Rohingya fishermen were interrogated and tortured for five days, and then they were all shot by firing squad.
 * 8 January 2000 — a three day skirmish.
 * 27 October 2001 — Burmese border troops killed one Bangladeshi man, wounded 2, and abducted 13 while they were fishing in the Naf River.
 * 22 January 2005 — 70 people were shot and killed when Burmese border guards opened fire on a group of 50 boats attempting to cross the Naf River. The border guards claimed that they believed the boats contained "smuggled rice," implying that their actions, culminating in the mass shooting of unarmed people, were justified.
 * June 2012 — thousands of Rohingya Muslims fleeing sectarian violence in Rakhine State sought refuge across the Naf River in the Chittagong Division of Bangladesh, though they were often escorted back by Bangladeshi troops. On 11 July 2012, Burmese President Thein Sein suggested expelling the Rohingya people from Myanmar or having the UN relocate the 300,000 Rohingya people living in Myanmar, a policy the UN quickly rejected.
 * August 2017 — The Border Guard Bangladesh station chief of the Ghumdum border post in Bangladesh accused Myanmar's military of firing on fleeing Rohingyas crossing the Naf River. An AFP reporter counted more than a dozen mortar shells and several heavy machine gun rounds fired by Burmese security forces on the fleeing Rohingyas.

title: Naf River


text:
Salem High School

Salem High School may refer to a school in the United States:

 * North Salem High School (Salem, Oregon), formerly known as Salem High School
 * Salem High School (Arkansas)
 * Salem High School (Conyers, Georgia)
 * Salem High School (Indiana)
 * Salem High School (Massachusetts)
 * Salem High School, in the Plymouth-Canton Educational Park, Canton, Michigan
 * Salem High School (New Hampshire)
 * Salem High School (New Jersey)
 * Salem High School (Ohio)
 * Salem High School (Salem, Virginia)
 * Salem High School (Virginia Beach, Virginia)

title: Salem High School


text: User talk:69.208.250.156

title: User talk:69.208.250.156


text:
KMAX

KMAX or Kmax may refer to:

 * KMAX (AM), a radio station (840 AM) licensed to Colfax, Washington, United States
 * KMAX-FM, a radio station (94.3 FM) licensed to Wellington, Colorado, United States
 * KMAX-TV, a television station (channel 21, virtual 31) licensed to Sacramento, California, United States
 * KSSE, a radio station (107.1 FM) licensed to Arcadia, California, United States, which used the call sign KMAX from 1960 to 1996
 * KGMZ-FM, a radio station (95.7 FM) licensed to San Francisco, California, United States, which used the call sign KMAX-FM from April 2006 to March 2007
 * Kaman K-MAX helicopter
 * KMAX, the stage name of dc Talk member and solo artist Kevin Max

title: KMAX


text:
Talk:Köchel catalogue

Missing K. 376–381
All the K numbers between 376 and 381 inclusive are missing and this seems to go back right to the beginning of this article 15 years ago. Why is this? Can anyone fill in or explain the missing information? Thanks. Hyperman 42 (talk) 17:36, 19 November 2023 (UTC)

I wonder if there are any other missing blocks? The eearliest list was not numerical; it got reorganised but this gap was not filled. There do appear to be works within this number range e.g. the Violin Sonata K380. But there is also a report of a Clarinet Quartet (not Quintet) also numbered K380. Is it spurious, or an arrangement? Hyperman 42 (talk) 17:36, 19 November 2023 (UTC)
 * I see K. 376, 377, 378, 379 and 380 in the list (Violin sonatas Nos. 24, 25, 26, 27, 28). K. 381 is listed as Sonata in D for Piano Four-Hands. -- Michael Bednarek (talk) 01:44, 20 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Make sure to sort by K1, not K6. All catalog numbers are unique, so if something got renumbered it's simply missing in the K6 list (as it has a different number there). ♫ Melodia Chaconne ♫ (talk) 06:04, 20 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the info. I simply went to the main wikipage originally and that already seemed to be sorted by the second column, K6, which was what confused me. It seems to be the default, but should the default be to sort by K1? Though I suppose the most up-to-date list is logical. Hadn't realised I could sort the columns myself - thanks for the info. I can now see that the complete block missing out of the K6 list anyway has had various renumberings, mainly as K374a-f. Hyperman 42 (talk) 17:37, 20 November 2023 (UTC)
 * I'm also still intrigued by the so-called Clarinet Quartet K380, which appears on at least one CD coupled with the Clarinet Quintet, and also once on YouTube. But the K number clashes with the Violin Sonata No. 28. If anyone can throw any light on this I'd be grateful. Hyperman 42 (talk) 17:56, 20 November 2023 (UTC)
 * A bit of googling indicates that a Clarinet Quartet in E-flat major is an arrangement by Johann Anton André of Mozart's Violin Sonata, K. 380. -- Michael Bednarek (talk) 01:10, 21 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Köchel catalogue


text:
Talk:Jefferson Elementary School (Spokane, Washington)

Um, hello? Where? City? County? Country? ??? Niteowlneils 00:18, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Your questions have been answered. --Bahn Mi 07:27, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

THIS SHOULD BE A DISAMBIGUATION PAGE!
This is just one of numerous school articles and school redirects on the Wikipedia that should turned into be a disambiguation page. For example, I came to this article following a link from the Santa Ana Unified School District article. I am surprised that after my edit to the SAUSD article there are now no articles linking to Jefferson Elementary School (not even a school district article!), because there must be hundreds of Jefferson and Thomas Jefferson Elementary Schools around the United States. Blank Verse  11:19, 13 November 2005 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Witchetty grub

A subsection of Ghost Moth then?
A subsection of Ghost Moth then? --Wetman 00:19, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

taste
They taste like peanut butter or srambled eggs with a chicken tasting skin. --Commking 2 November, 2005 they taste horribly bland and are not consumed in australia anymore due to instinction thanks to the aboriginals —Preceding unsigned comment added by 124.177.31.18 (talk) 07:07, 10 June 2010 (UTC)

They are not extinct - or "instinct" either.203.184.41.226 (talk) 00:13, 9 June 2013 (UTC)

Leaks?
"Once caught the grubs leak a brown water juice over fingers when held". Apart from the poor grammar, what does this mean? Does the grub defecate or actually "leak"?203.184.41.226 (talk) 00:14, 9 June 2013 (UTC)

Killing wattles
Wattle trees are short lived. That is known in the literature, and I have found it from experience - in New Zealand, where we do not have Witchetty grubs. The trees short life spans have nothing to do with Witchetty grubs. Furthermore the sentence "and are attributed as the reason why wattles die within 10 to 15 years" is appalling English. I suggest its deletion.Royalcourtier (talk) 18:32, 10 July 2016 (UTC)

scientific classification
This article is about a common name for the 'grub phase' of an organism, and has strayed into inclusion of anything within some loose definition of 'edible grubs now used for bait'. I removed the scientific classification box as a start to improving the article (or disambiguation page). — cygnis insignis 14:50, 18 October 2018 (UTC)

 * These larvae may also be called bardi grubs (also spelled bardy grubs), especially when they are being considered as bait by freshwater fishermen. The term bardi grub appears to have originally been used for larvae of the longhorn beetle Bardistus cibarius, but fishermen along the Murray River more often apply the term to the hepialid moth larvae of Trictena and Abantiades.

This is not supported by the citations, true or not; the word bardi is a term in the Southwest for the grub phase of Bardistus cibarius. cygnis insignis 15:33, 18 October 2018 (UTC)

 * And the "obviously true but not supported by the citations so we can't say it" is one of the biggest failings of Wikipedia, because it's just fucking stupid sometimes. Consider: "The Arabana term for the grub is mako witjuti" ... then ... "It has been suggested that the word 'witchetty' comes from Adynyamathanha wityu, 'hooked stick', and vartu, 'grub'". Great. So we know that one of the tribal languages that named it call it "witjuti", but since nobody with a degree bothered to point out that blatantly fucking obvious point we can't say that's the origin of the name, despite 'duh'. Instead, we have to cite this other person who came up with some BS about a stick who obviously had no clue what they were talking about, but they bullshitted with great authority. The sky is usually blue in the day . Fucking Wikipedia. 67.168.228.147 (talk) 11:24, 16 March 2020 (UTC)

 * The Paraphyletic group box was added in response to a infobox requested. --Nessie (talk) 15:51, 18 October 2018 (UTC)

 * Thank you for the information, I didn't check to see how it got there. Why have you requested that one be added? cygnis insignis 16:37, 18 October 2018 (UTC)

Size
Can anyone add in information as to their size, please? Thanks! -Wwallacee (talk) 19:50, 13 May 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Witchetty grub


text:
Neutrino Factory

The Neutrino Factory is a type of proposed particle accelerator complex intended to measure in detail the properties of neutrinos, which are extremely weakly interacting fundamental particles that can travel in straight lines through normal matter for thousands of kilometres. The source of the neutrinos would be the decay of accelerated muons in straight sections of a storage ring. The technical issues surrounding these projects are broadly similar to those of a muon collider.

Function
The Neutrino Factory will create a fairly focused beam of neutrinos at one site on the Earth and fire it downwards, probably in two beams emitted in different directions from a racetrack shaped underground muon storage ring, until the beams resurface at other points. One example could be a complex in the UK sending beams to Japan (see Super-Kamiokande) and Italy (LNGS). The properties of the neutrinos will be examined at the remote sites to determine how neutrinos evolve over time. This will provide information about their masses and weak interaction properties.

The project is currently in the conceptual design stage. An international "Scoping Study" was completed in 2007 and an international effort proceeded to write a design report which inspired various later experimental concepts.

Many new technologies are being pioneered for this type of experiments, including the use of liquid metal jets as a target for pion production, under test in the, the use of Fixed Field Alternating Gradient (FFAG) accelerators, under test in the EMMA experiment, and liquid hydrogen energy reduction cavities for reducing the divergence in the muon beam during the intermediate stages.

Scientific objectives
Up until the 1990s, neutrinos were assumed to be massless, but experimental results from searches for solar neutrinos (those produced in the Sun's core) and others are inconsistent with this assumption, and thus indicate that the neutrino does have a very small mass (see Solar neutrino problem).

By producing an intense beam of muon and electron neutrinos, these accelerators will enable major advances in the study of neutrinos and their interactions. In particular, the following scientific objectives can be mentioned:

 * High-precision studies of neutrino oscillation parameters (in particular those related to electron neutrinos).

 * The search for neutrino interactions beyond those predicted by the Standard Model of particle physics.

 * The search for sterile neutrinos and light dark matter.

International Design Study
The International Design Study seeks to present a design report for the Neutrino Factory that details the physics performance, schedule and costs by 2012. The study will include contributions from all regions in a combined Reference Design Report.

UK Neutrino Factory
There is a United Kingdom Neutrino Factory group.

U. S. Muon Accelerator Program
In 2010, the Muon Accelerator Program (MAP) unified the United States Department of Energy research support for Muon Colliders and Neutrino Factories. (Both projects involve producing muons and holding them in a storage ring, so there was much overlap.) The Muon Collider project is even more ambitious than the Neutrino Factory. In the Muon Collider, the muons will be inserted into a very high-energy collider ring, aiming to reach higher concentrations of energy than even the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) (first collisions produced in 2010) or perhaps even the Linear Collider Collaboration (LCC) experiments (design incomplete as of 2019.)

European Neutrino Group
CERN did a design study a few years ago, before effort moved on to the LHC. Activities in Europe continue with meetings and involvement in international experiments and collaborations.

Japanese design
This is based on an unusual type of accelerator called an Fixed Field Alternating Gradient (FFAG) that combines elements from the cyclotrons of the 1950s with modern automated magnet design processes, and new magnetic alloy radiofrequency accelerating gaps. The main advantage of these is that the magnetic fields are fixed and do not have to be synchronised to the beam in any way, yet the beam naturally moves into regions of higher field as its energy increases, allowing for very rapid acceleration without the difficulties found in very rapid-cycling synchrotrons.

title: Neutrino Factory


text:
Fortunate Son (disambiguation)

"Fortunate Son" is a 1969 song by Creedence Clearwater Revival.

Fortunate Son may also refer:

Film and television

 * Fortunate Son (film), an autobiographical documentary by Canadian director Tony Asimakopoulos
 * "Fortunate Son" (The Sopranos), a 2001 episode of The Sopranos
 * "Fortunate Son" (Star Trek: Enterprise), a 2001 Star Trek: Enterprise episode
 * Fortunate Son (TV series), a Canadian drama that premiered in 2020

Literature

 * Fortunate Son (Hatfield), a 2000 biography of George W. Bush by J.H. Hatfield
 * Fortunate Son (novel), a 2006 novel by Walter Mosley
 * Fortunate Son, an autobiography by Lewis Burwell Puller, Jr.
 * Fortunate Son: A Novel of the Greatest Trial in Irish History, a 2014 novel by David Marlett recounting the life of James Annesley

Sports

 * "The Fortunate Son", nickname of professional wrestler Ted DiBiase, Jr.

title: Fortunate Son (disambiguation)