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Harry Payne Whitney

Harry Payne Whitney (April 29, 1872 – October 26, 1930) was an American businessman, thoroughbred horse breeder, and member of the prominent Whitney family.

Early years
Whitney was born in New York City on April 29, 1872, as the eldest son of Flora Payne and William C. Whitney (1841–1904), a very wealthy businessman and United States Secretary of the Navy. Whitney was the elder brother of William Payne Whitney (1876–1927). His sister Pauline Payne Whitney (1874–1916) married Almeric Hugh Paget, 1st Baron Queenborough (1861–1949), and his youngest sister Dorothy Payne Whitney (1887–1968) was married to Willard Dickerman Straight (1880–1918), and later to Leonard Knight Elmhirst (1893–1974) after Straight's death.

Whitney studied at Groton School in Groton, Massachusetts, then attended Yale University, graduating in 1894. He was a member of the Skull and Bones. After Yale, he spent two years at Columbia Law School, but he never finished the course and decided to enter the world of sports and business. He was a member of the class of 1898. In 1904, after the death of his father, he inherited $24,000,000, and in 1917, he inherited approximately $12,000,000 along with the large steam yacht Aphrodite from his uncle, Oliver Hazard Payne.

Sporting career
An avid sportsman, Whitney was a ten-goal polo player. His love of the sport was inherited from his father, who had been involved with polo when it was first organized in the United States in 1876 by James Gordon Bennett, Jr. Whitney organized the U.S. polo team that beat England in 1909. "Whitney Field" polo field near Saratoga Springs, New York, is named for him.

He was a board member of the Montauk Yacht Club and competed with his yacht Vanitie in the America's Cup. Whitney also served on the board of directors of the Long Island Motor Parkway, built by his wife's cousin, William Kissam Vanderbilt II.

Whitney enjoyed quail hunting and purchased the 14000 acre Foshalee Plantation in northern Leon County, Florida, from Sydney E. Hutchinson of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Thoroughbred horse racing
Whitney was a major figure in Thoroughbred racing and in 2018 was voted one of the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame's most prestigious honors as one of the Pillars of the Turf.

Harry Whitney inherited a large stable from his father including the great filly Artful and her sire Hamburg, and in 1915 established a horse breeding farm in Lexington, Kentucky where he developed the American polo pony by breeding American Quarter Horse stallions with his thoroughbred mares. He was thoroughbred racing's leading owner of the year in the United States on eight occasions and the breeder of almost two hundred stakes race winners. His leading sire was first Hamburg and then the great sire Broomstick, by Ben Brush. His Kentucky-bred horse Whisk Broom II (sired by Broomstick) raced in England, then at age six came back to the U.S. where he won the New York Handicap Triple. He also owned Upset, who gave Man o' War the only loss of his career.

Whitney had nineteen horses who ran in the Kentucky Derby, winning it the first time in 1915 with another Broomstick foal, Regret, the first filly ever to capture the race. Regret went on to earn Horse of the Year honors and was named to the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame. Whitney won the Kentucky Derby for the second time in 1927 with the colt Whiskery. His record of six wins in the Preakness Stakes stood as the most by any breeder until 1968 when Calumet Farm broke the record. Whitney's colt Burgomaster won the 1906 Belmont Stakes and also received Horse of the Year honors. Among the many horses, Whitney's breeding operation produced Equipoise and Johren.

Whitney's stable won the following prestigious U.S. Triple Crown races:

 * Kentucky Derby:
 * 1915 : Regret (filly; voted Horse of the Year)
 * 1927 : Whiskery
 * Preakness Stakes:
 * 1908 : Royal Tourist
 * 1913 : Buskin
 * 1914 : Holiday
 * 1921 : Broomspun
 * 1927 : Bostonian
 * 1928 : Victorian
 * Belmont Stakes:
 * 1905 : Tanya (filly)
 * 1906 : Burgomaster (voted Horse of the Year)
 * 1913 : Prince Eugene
 * 1918 : Johren

His Lexington, Kentucky stud farm was passed on to his son, C.V. Whitney, who owned it until 1989 when it became part of Gainesway Farm.

Personal life
On August 25, 1896, he married Gertrude Vanderbilt (1875–1942), a member of the wealthy Vanderbilt family. In New York, the couple lived in town houses originally belonging to William Whitney, first at 2 East 57th St., across the street from Gertrude's parents, and after William Whitney's death, at 871 Fifth Avenue. They also had a country estate in Westbury, Long Island. Together, they had three children:
 * Flora Payne Whitney (1897-1986)
 * Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney (1899-1992)
 * Barbara Vanderbilt Whitney (1903-1982).

Harry Whitney died in 1930 at age fifty-eight. He and his wife are interred in the Woodlawn Cemetery, The Bronx. Time magazine reported that at the time of his death, Harry Payne Whitney's estate was appraised by New York State for tax collection purposes at $62,808,000 net.

Whitney owned numerous incarnations of his father's Pullman Wanderer rail car.

Philanthropy
The benefactor to many organizations, in 1920 H.P. Whitney financed the Whitney South Seas Expedition of the American Museum of Natural History, Rollo Beck's major zoological expedition that sent teams of scientists and naturalists to undertake botanical research and to study the bird population of several thousand islands in the Pacific Ocean.

The Whitney Collection of Sporting Art was donated in his memory to the Yale University Art Gallery.

title: Harry Payne Whitney


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Thickhead

Thickhead may refer to:

 * Idiot
 * Pachycephala, a genus of birds commonly known as whistlers
 * Crassocephalum, a genus of plants

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Thickhead


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Wikipedia:Categories for deletion/Names

=Conclusion=
 * 1) It is undesirable to categorize people by name.

=Categories for names= This is an issue that has recently come up on WP:CFD with some frequency, and is erratically kept or deleted depending on who happens to be voting that week...

Do we want categories for people by name?

It is obvious that Category:Academy Award winning actors is a useful distinction, as are Category:English biologists and Category:Palestinian militants.

It is also obvious that Category:Blondes is not useful, and neither are Category:People who are six feet tall and Category:People with only nine fingers. Of course, some of these may be useful as lists, for instance we have a List_of_U.S._Presidents_by_height_order.
 * I assume you oppose categorizing by hair color because it's superficial. However, first names are equally so, because people can change them to their liking. Superm401 | Talk 20:30, Jun 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * In my experience, people tend to change their names far less often than they do their hair colour. Psychonaut 6 July 2005 21:47 (UTC)

The question is, do we need Category:People named John or Category:Andersons? This information would probably be useful in the articles on John and Anderson, but in general one person named Marc has very little in common with anyone else named Marc - nor is it useful trivia because it is obvious from the title of, say, Marc Anthony that he is named Marc.

Discussion welcome. Radiant_* 12:06, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm thinking we don't need categories for names, first or last. If people are notable enough to be in an encyclopedia, it will be for other reasons, and they will be in other categories.  --Kbdank71 13:06, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

From WP:CG: "Is it possible to write a few paragraphs or more on the subject of a category, explaining it?" Name categories fail this condition, seeing as most of the articles in them have nothing to do with one another (which, IMHO, defeats the entire purpose of having the category). For that reason alone, I say we should delete them. --InShaneee 16:38, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree with Radiant and InShaneee. The point of a category are for objects/people/things that have something notably in common. Not for something this trivial or as an alternative for disambiguation. K1Bond007 02:40, Jun 3, 2005 (UTC)

 * Concur with Radiant and InShanee. Barno 14:10, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Agree with Radiant and InShanee, although some categories don't meet the category requirements, mainly image categorization, it's due to the fact that these cat'd articles are not notable on their own. Hence, they are categorized for search and retrieval purposes. Categories such as Category:Academy Award winning actors and alike, are self definable in their purpose, and easy to locate. Do not feel we have to categorize other random traits or features about people. We can list the most notable of these people and have references to that list on their articles. On a smaller note, I wouldn't mind seeing Category:People with only nine fingers ;) -  <> Who ? ¿ ?  21:33, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

A useful finding tool...
I feel strongly that we should have categories by last name. Since Wikipedia is not a paper encyclopedia, we have to make it easy to use. If you don't know a person's full name, and particularly if they have a common last name, the search feature can end up turning up a lot of extraneous entries that make it cumbersome to use. I have been creating and editing a variety of biographical entries and I have frequently tried to find a person by last name and have wished that there was a good alphabetical list. There is a List of people by name, but to add entries to that list requires that a person doing (or editing) a biographical article go first to the top page of the list and then find the specific page the entry would go on, such as List_of_people_by_name:_Ham and then edit that page. People simply don't do it. I don't do it. The list is so sparse it is not even a useful starting place. Compare List_of_people_by_name:_Ham with Hammond.

The real beauty of a category is that the entry can be added while you are creating or editing the article. If the category is missing, you can see it immediately.

A possible alternative might be to change the current use of the Category:People by surname to suit that purpose, but the size of the category could get overwhelming. Another possibility would be to set up a naming convention so that the person working on an article would automatically be able to create or add to a category without looking to see the alphabetical breakdown. Perhaps that would mean consistently using the first three letters of the surname, for example "Category:People by surname-mcd". Someone with the name McEnroe would not have to determine whether "mcd" meant "mcd through mce" or just "mcd" (as they do now). One drawback with that system (besides the possible problems with category size for some prefixes like "smi") is that some surnames have alternate spellings and could be grouped together in the current surname category scheme. Thus, many people would prefer to group MacDonald and McDonald together as they are simply variations of the same name.

For those reason, I think the current scheme, at least for now and the near future, is a very useful feature. DS1953 15:38, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * It sounds like you're suggesting categories be used as an alternative to disambiguation pages .. --Azkar 16:31, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * No, it's a different use though admittedly they both serve the purpose of helping to find what you are looking for. Even if they have a similar purpose, an editor would still have to know that a surname page exists as an article and physically go that article and edit it to add an entry.  Looking at the article in front of you. Those users familiar with "What links here" could find out fairly easily in one click on that link and another click on their browser's "back" button, but I think that assumes a level of familiarity that many users never reach.   DS1953 16:53, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * For people having the same surname the disambiguation page is better. A disambiguation page doesn't add unnecessary text to the article's category section unlike a surname cateogry. You could still have a category for all the surname disabigation pages with warning "Don't create subacategories about indivudual surnames". -Hapsiainen 15:24, Jun 3, 2005 (UTC)

 * I think the clear solution here is to work on the Lists of people by name to make them more complete. Looking at that Hammond example it's a simple cut and paste job and a link. I'll do it myself; I've done it with other pages before. We have a page for John and it includes people known only by that name (ie no last name used), as it should, because having a disambiguation page for everyone named "John" would be a nightmare. Besides, no one's going to go looking up someone by such a common first name. These categories are a pretty bad idea. -R. fiend 03:32, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Look at the page Michael, which is undergoing a battle at Wikipedia talk:Disambiguation since it contains a list of every person named Michael since the beginning of the world (the list may or may not be there when you look, depending on who reverted most recently). —Wahoofive (talk) 02:08, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Not necessary
The logic of this argument would result in tens of thousands of categories being created. A category for a family has logic (like Category:Kennedy family) makes sense. But creating a category for every Robert in the world or every Smith, Baker or Kim is really not necessary.

And the logic doesn't stop with people. I've been noticing a creeping increase in categorization by titles as well (as in titles of literature, dramatic works, etc). Ex: Category:Operas by title. I don't see how this is, as others have said, a "taxonomic classification." --BaronLarf 19:08, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree with BaronLarf. Categories are a neat feature, but the more categories the average article has, the less meaningful they become. Radiant_* 08:36, Jun 3, 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm not going to go into a list versus category argument here, but I think names tend to be more static and don't necessarily need a category. Furthermore, adding more categories to a category filled page doesn't really help.  The last thing I want to see is a stub for someone's last or first name.  This John-related name article is a stub. -- AllyUnion (talk) 09:16, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I concur with the above two arguments. Think about it: If you're already on the page of the "Mr. Johnson" that you were looking for, what good is a "Johnson" catagory going to do you? The names in the catagories rarely have anything to do with each other, so it's not going to help you find any related information. So what's the point? --InShaneee 18:52, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm in agreement with InShaneee. I don't see a point in having categories for names; the usefulness is very limited.  Joyous 21:26, Jun 4, 2005 (UTC)

 * For instances where there are really lots of people with the same family name, a disambig page can work just fine (viz. Goddard). Having the same proper name is not a relevant organization principle since they are always fairly arbitrary. A category of Category:People by surname is too general to be useful — this is why we have categories like Category:Hungarian physicists in the first place. The proper role of a good taxonomic category is to have enough members to be useful (i.e. no single-member categories, which is too specific), and yet few enough members to be useful (i.e. not 500 members). Category:Operas by title makes sense -- it is a good place to find a list of articles about specific operas, arranged by title. Category:Operas by composer, with a million subcategories (most filled with a single member) does not (Category:Opera composers should have a list of all opera composers, and their individual pages should link to their works). --Fastfission 14:59, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Since I appear to be a minority of one, I won't belabor the point too much. I happen to also have a long-held interest in genealogy, so my background may make me more oriented to surnames (even ones not in my own family tree) than the rest of humanity.

 * One small note: The comment (made several times) that disambiguation pages are a substitute for categories is not strictly correct. WP:D states "Disambiguation pages serve a single purpose: To let the reader choose between different pages that might reside under the same title. Do not disambiguate, or add a link to a disambiguation page, if there is no risk of confusion." Therefore, for example, a page like Hammond is something other than a disambiguation page (even though I left the  notice there when I reworked the page, so I am guilty, too).

I surrender... DS1953 22:16, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Categories of first names would be absurd. Categories of surnames could be useful in limited circumstances, but a category of "Smiths" for example would eventually become so full as to be useless for searching anyway. A carefully cultivated combination of disambigs and lists serves the purpose well enough. -- BD2412 talk 01:42, 2005 Jun 11 (UTC)

The next step
Since there now appears to be a consensus that the English Wikipedia should not include categories by names, what is the next step? --BaronLarf 21:03, Jun 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * The next step would be that if/when such a cat is up for WP:CFD deletion, we can refer to this page to show the consensus. Radiant_* 07:46, Jun 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Is a formal vote or poll required for this to be considered a guideline, policy, semi-policy or whatever? Curious. K1Bond007 23:52, Jun 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * No, just a consensus (don't vote on everything, WP:NOT a democracy). And it isn't meant to be policy btw. But there are still people discussing it so I see no harm in keeping it for a while longer. Radiant_ >|< 07:22, Jun 8, 2005 (UTC)

I'm new here so this may have been discussed before but I suggest the biography info box be added to every biography. this has first name, surname, date of birth, date of death. That way when, some time in the future, the infobox data becomes searchable metadata then we will be able to do advanced searches. Does this make any sense? This should, I suppose, mean we can (one day) dynamically produce most of these list pages from infobox metadata.old joe 12:06, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * That sounds like a good idea, yes. You might want to file a request on Bugzilla to see if/when it can be implemented. Radiant_ >|< June 30, 2005 14:41 (UTC)

 * I am also new here, but I would like you to know that many people in the east, in India dont have surnames / family names. Even great well known people (who may one day be listed in wikipedia when it becomes big enough to accomodate india) don't have surnames.

Here's the discussion with my webhost about the same http://lunarforums.com/viewtopic.php?t=22807 .--61.11.83.130 30 June 2005 14:33 (UTC)
 * Okay. But that's not really the issue here. Of course, famous people from India should have an article (and please do write those if you know more about it than us!) However, the question is if they shuold be categorized by their name. It would make more sense to categorize them by their profession or origin, e.g. Category:Scientists from India rather than Category:People named Vijay. HTH! Radiant_ >|<  June 30, 2005 14:41 (UTC)

CFD
I'm glad to see that someone was bold and put this up on CFD (WP:CFD)--BaronLarf July 6, 2005 14:09 (UTC)

 * The matter has been raised again (by me) concerning Chinese/East Asian surname categories, see WP:CFD. The arguments in this case are somewhat different from those gone through above; if anyone is still watching this page, please join the current discussion. Cheers, -- Visviva 03:19, 25 November 2006 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:Categories for deletion/Names


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User:Fotang

What am I supposed to put here?

title: User:Fotang


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Talk:World Youth Day

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Neutrality?
The controversies of the 2008 WYD are well covered but seem to be overly emphasised, especially when considering WYD as an event not just defined by the 2008 WYD which at the time of writing has not yet begun. Wouldn't this information be better placed in the 'World Youth Day 2008' wiki page? Mrbrack (talk) 13:53, 14 July 2008 (UTC)

I'm going to delete that whole section, and just leave the link to World Youth Day 2008Cube T. Butler (talk) 19:27, 17 July 2008 (UTC)

 * Try merging it properly instead of trying to drown out criticism. --TheSeer (TalkˑContribs) 23:18, 17 July 2008 (UTC)

I deleted all the misplaced information, not merely criticism as has been suggested. "Merging it properly" would be a mistake, because this information does not belong here. It belongs on the World Youth Day 2008 page.Cube T. Butler (talk) 19:20, 18 July 2008 (UTC)

 * I reduced the size of the paragraph. There is no use in maintaining information on two sites. Please feel free to correct my grammar, I'm not a native speaker. --Saint-Louis (talk) 21:41, 18 July 2008 (UTC)

 * ... "reduced". Ha. Removed it more accurate. Since you're obviously intent on misleading ("no use maintaining info on two sites[sic, pages]", half the info isn't in the 2008 article!) I'll merge the bloody criticisms myself, but not right now. I'm reverting the changes for now and will remove the stuff again after I've merged it into the 2008 article. (No guarantees!)
 * Done! --TheSeer (TalkˑContribs) 03:34, 19 July 2008 (UTC)

 * Excuse that was just unneccessary. You removed facts about the World Youth Day and replaced it with a critics section. This is just unbalanced. My version hab both the facts and the critics. I will revert you. --Saint-Louis (talk) 10:17, 19 July 2008 (UTC)

 * Try looking at the title of the article, and the title of the linked article. And seriously. Don't put up your little smokescreen of well... quite frankly... bullshit. "There has been a lot of controversies in the forefront of the event. The government was criticized for an alleged massive funding and a NoToPope Coalition was formed to organize protests". One short line that really didn't speak about anything. Yeah, you /totally/ left the criticism in.

 * Are you so concerned that a few extra criticisms will tarnish World Youth Day forever? This section not only works perpetually (your section would require changing for every WYD, they're not often but it's not good practice) and well, it's still that one line of criticism you love so much (just more in detail)... and please, don't mention "balance" again since it doesn't need balance. Infact, your version didn't have balance either, it just had more specifics on the particular World Youth Day, which like I said before... it's bad practice! --TheSeer (TalkˑContribs) 12:42, 19 July 2008 (UTC)

 * I'm only concerned about the neutrality of this article. This is an article about the World Youth Day not about Critics of the World Youth Day. The critics are only one aspect of the event. So stop reverting me. --Saint-Louis (talk) 16:24, 19 July 2008 (UTC)

 * Stop being ... sensitive. Everything gets criticised and loads of Wiki articles contain criticism sections, why on earth do you think World Youth Day suddenly deserves immunity from this? Are you a physical manifestation of World Youth Day? Keeping secrets from us all... naughty naughty.

 * All you're doing is making the criticisms seem more valid. OMGZ CATHOLICS HATE FREEDOM OMGZ. Of course, I don't think that, but... hey... you're the one perpetuating the myth. And don't be hypocrite, you're the one reverting me.

 * But hey... if you're unhappy with the changes, let's change it back to what it was before I trimmed the article. Woo, I'm being snarky. And hey, you better get this article deleted since the entire thing is a about criticism. --TheSeer (TalkˑContribs) 09:53, 20 July 2008 (UTC)

 * Sorry, you are totally misinterpreting the Edit history. First, I trimmed the article. You reverted me. --Saint-Louis (talk) 21:12, 20 July 2008 (UTC)
 * I reinstated my factual section and moved the criticism section to its proper place like in other Wikipedia article. --Saint-Louis (talk) 21:16, 20 July 2008 (UTC)

 * You took out the criticism you had in your version, so please, stop trolling and ... BULL-F'in-SHITTING about aiming for neutrality. I had written this out nice and civilly until I realised you had removed that; you're just way to sensitive and it's ridiculous... sigh. Compromise version, even though it's completely pointless your section will inevitably removed and replaced with mine due to the ephemeral nature of the event. --TheSeer (TalkˑContribs) 06:06, 21 July 2008 (UTC)

 * And please don't crap out of your mouth again. You didn't move any criticism. IT WAS ALREADY MOVED. BY MOI. --TheSeer (TalkˑContribs) 06:07, 21 July 2008 (UTC)

 * Now you created a redundancy which is quite useless. You should really think about what you want. And also what you say. --Saint-Louis (talk) 11:18, 21 July 2008 (UTC)

 * What redundancy? Notice how WYD2008 is a different article? You're trying to keep it where we have to create a new section for each World Youth Day (but like I said, inevitably your section will be annihilated) so... pot, meet kettle. --TheSeer (TalkˑContribs) 11:45, 21 July 2008 (UTC)

 * In your version we had a criticism paragraph in the section about the event 2008 AND a criticism section with a paragraph about criticism of the event. This was a redundancy, eh? --Saint-Louis (talk) 11:58, 21 July 2008 (UTC)

 * Oh. I didn't notice the criticism section was still there... (so that's what you meant by move) - my apologies. Well anyways, I can live with the current version. --TheSeer (TalkˑContribs) 12:02, 21 July 2008 (UTC)

Thank you TheSeer! This is much better now. I was lazy.Cube T. Butler (talk) 08:19, 19 July 2008 (UTC)

"The event has caused significant controversy in the Australian community due to the introduction of vague "annoyance" laws, the far reaching expansion of police powers, the venue and the unjustified spending of public funds." <-- Sorry if i have done this wrong, as i am new to wikipedia, however. I believe this comment is irrelevent. Even if it were relevent i believe it to be simply untrue, to say that it caused "significant controversy" I live in Australia and these were looked at too much in the media. Therfore how could they be significant. Also stating that the spending is "Unjustified" is most defently not neutral. You could easily say "spending of public funds" The word Unjustified does to have to be in there. This new sentence still says that there was controversy over public spending, without implying that the money was spent unjustly. Furthermore the way the first sentence talks about the "annoyance" laws i believe is written in such a way that implies that the annoyance laws have somthing to do with the World Youth Day being the "annoying" party. The annoyance laws were trying to be put through so that protesters could not "annoy" pilgrims. The event itself did not cause the expansion of police powers, the government of sydney did, i don't see how the event itself caused it. If one were to say that controversy was caused over the expansion of police powers, one could not loggicaly blame the World Youth Day event, but they would blame the Sydney government for bringing in such laws. What do others think? Thanks. Jon —Preceding unsigned comment added by 124.191.17.206 (talk) 12:41, 24 July 2008 (UTC)

 * You're right about the "unjustified" word, I mean some people think it's unjustified but yeah, I agree the wording was poor. Umm, considering that a lot of Wiki sources are from the media... wouldn't a lot of media coverage mean ... you're not making sense in that sense.

 * Also, you seem to be reading it in an over sensitive way. The context of the sentence and the link it points to make it exceedingly obvious it's not about the WYD itself being annoying. I'm not sure how much the WYD organisers had to do with the expansion of powers for the public services but at the very least there is tacit support for it. If I remember (I probably won't) I'll look more into that but yeah, the catholic church never disagreed with the increase in powers which... when it comes to civil rights is support in my eyes.

Future locations?
When is the location for the next World Youth Day announced? Any future locations already named should certainly be mentioned on this page. KBurchfiel (talk) 21:39, 18 August 2011 (UTC)

Lack of sources etc
In answer to "is this mostly original research" - a lot of the content of the page does seem to be based upon the USCCB page http://www.usccb.org/laity/youth/wydoverview.shtml - I have added that as an external link for now. Not sure if it is copyvio or whether it should be a reference instead of / as well as an external link. 80.168.225.120 20:14, 1 December 2007 (UTC)

Individual Logos
Would it be possible to add the logotypes for the different world youth days? I think those should go on the articles for the individual World Youth Days. Except those pages don't exist yet... TheCoffee 19:55, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

Both the logos on this page, and pages for some of the individual WYDs now exist. 80.168.225.120 20:12, 1 December 2007 (UTC)

OK, to be specific, some of the later logos now exist. See below for why 1993's logo got removed :( 80.168.225.120 20:16, 1 December 2007 (UTC)

Attendance Figures
Can anyone provide a source for the attendance figures given? Thank you! --63.65.27.18 21:16, 16 August 2005 (UTC)

The numbers seem to have been partly based upon the USCCB website http://www.usccb.org/laity/youth/wydoverview.shtml - I have added that as an external link; the 1.2 million figure for 2005 can be found at various other places, I have added a specific reference for that. 80.168.225.120 20:11, 1 December 2007 (UTC)

It concerns me that these figures rely entirely on official Catholic estimates, given the obvious interest this source has in overstating the actual numbers. Further, this seems to be a consistent trend – see the following sources: www.smh.com.au/text/articles/2008/04/30/1209234957542.html www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0MKY/is_15_26/ai_94043378 Consider also for a moment the ubiquitous discrepancy between police and protestor attendance estimates at political rallies. IMHO attendance figures should be removed unless they are verified by a reasonably independent source. Alternatively, it should be highlighted that these are figures directly from the Catholic Church. Interestingly, it would be quite easy for the Catholic Church to provide official pilgrim numbers, as they are required to register their attendance. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.9.151.30 (talk) 04:32, 1 May 2008 (UTC)

Some people keep changing the attendance figure for the Kraków WYD back to 3,000,000, without citing a source. This figure was, however, only a first estimate given by the bishop coordinating the WYD, saying "that as many [as] 3,000,000 people could [!!!] have participated in the Final Mass." But "the number reported in the media was around 2,500,000 (most likely it was based on unofficial police estimates)," as written in a research summary (World Youth Day Krakow 2016. Selected study results, p. 32). It is really difficult to find reliable sources with reasonable figures. I would rather go with 2.5 million than with the hypothetical figure given by the bishop organizing the WYD. Knodo (talk) 14:22, 21 February 2019 (UTC)

World Youth Festival
Is there a risk of this conference being confused with the World Youth Festival? (The 16:th of which is being held in Venezuela this year.) -- ABostrom 20:52, August 17, 2005 (UTC)

 * Suggest name change to Catholic World Youth Day to clarify, and to prevent appearance of Catholic-centric bias. 67.84.168.29 03:46, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I think World Youth Day is the official name and many people know it by that name. Anyway, I changed the first sentence to clarify that the WYD is a Roman Catholic celebration. --Jojit fb 03:58, 25 August 2005 (UTC)So they could learn more about the pope and things like that.

The official name is World Youth Day, and the event - while Catholic in concept and content - is actually open to all youth of all faiths. This is the reference: http://www.wyd2008.org/index.php/en/wyd08_pilgrims/frequently_asked_questions#8. Apermal 14:56, 12 January 2007 (UTC)

I checked through Google and could not find a listing for "World Youth Day" that corresponded to anything except the subject of this event. I think the name World Youth Day stands as it's not being confused with the World Youth Festival. Bullschuck 20:38, 27 September 2007 (UTC)

I have edited the intro to clarify the Catholic nature of the event (so as not to introduce bias/confusion to casual browsers), whilst still retaining the open nature of the invitation. Also nb the above reference link no longer works, but the new equivalent link http://www.wyd2008.org/index.php/en/faqs is now a reference in the article itself 80.168.225.120 20:28, 1 December 2007 (UTC)

Annual gathering
WYD is an annual gathering. It happens internationally every 4 years but doesn't mean it doesn't happen at all at other years. NYD (National Youth Day), however, happens every 4 years as well as Asian Youth Day.

See http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/pontifical_councils/laity/Colonia2005/rc_pc_laity_doc_20030805_cross-history-gmg_en.html for more information.

--mintchocicecream 07:34, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

POV tag
This concerns POV tag cleanup. Whenever an POV tag is placed, it is necessary to also post a message in the discussion section stating clearly why it is thought the article does not comply with POV guidelines, and suggestions for how to improve it. This permits discussion and consensus among editors. This is a drive-by tag, which is discouraged in WP, and it shall be removed. Future tags should have discussion posted as to why the tag was placed, and how the topic might be improved. Better yet, edit the topic yourself with the improvements. This statement is not a judgement of content, it is only a cleanup of frivolously and/or arbitrarily placed tags. No discussion, no tag.Jjdon (talk) 21:59, 28 April 2008 (UTC)
 * There have been a number of criticisms of WYD during and after Sydney that I'm aware of - there's absolutely no reference to these viewpoints that I can find in the current article. Weird.  Actually the numerous arguments on this Talk page are not reflected in the article. So I am considering inserting a POV template on "issue of balance and the lack of a WP:Neutral point of view" GerixAu  (talk) 05:54, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

Ephemera
The State Library of New South Wales is collecting ephemera relating to this event. Please send any ephemera to State Library of New South Wales, Macquarie Street, Sydney, N.S.W. 2000 —Preceding unsigned comment added by Oztealady (talk • contribs) 10:31, 30 April 2008 (UTC)

Individual WYD pages
I wasn't sure where to put this, but there really should be an individual page for each World Youth Day, not just the more recent ones. -99.54.142.100 (talk) 01:40, 28 January 2009 (UTC)

join wyd 2010
dear sir , i want to know & let me know how sould i join the next world youth days gathering

Catholic Church
The name is CATHOLIC CHURCH not "Roman Catholic Church", that does not exist. In the Catholic Church there are Roman Catholics, Greek Catholics, Maronites and many others, but WYD day is for the youth of them all - they are all onder one pope. --Josinj (talk) 10:37, 5 March 2009 (UTC)

Regnum Christi and utter lack of NPOV
I find no mention of Regnum Christi in this article which makes we wonder as to the need for a non-Catholic editor to review both facts and sources selected as the history is entangled with the child-abuse scandal and efforts to revise history. The Regnum_Christi article is peculiar for no mention of World Youth Day. See Marcial Maciel and Stanislaw_Dziwisz. The ECyD article is not so careful to have no mention of WYD and care should be taken that no edit elide that mention.

Researchers on the web should search for "Wyd Regnum Christi" to form an idea of how egregious this historical revision truly is as they very often use the acronym in their web-accessible documents.

Contrary to what one article would have the reader believe, full documentation of the 2011 decisions vis. LC and RC are available on the web with published links at both LC and RC sites.

Until amended and supplemented, this article is fully deserving of a POV tag. An article on Wyd without mention of RC and LC is ludicrous.

G. Robert Shiplett 01:19, 25 November 2012 (UTC)
 * And what does the LC and RC have to do with WYD? Richardson mcphillips (talk) 03:22, 25 May 2015 (UTC)

Past events
We need a lot more on the world youth days before 1995. A number are notable. Don't just delete info because it is unsourced. I think the dates and places given were right but haven't the time right now to check. >> Jesus Loves You! M.P.Schneider,LC (parlemus • feci) 17:26, 30 November 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on World Youth Day. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20080730173924/http://news.sbs.com.au/worldnewsaustralia//hundreds_of_thousands_gather_for_pope39s_youth_finale__552265 to http://news.sbs.com.au/worldnewsaustralia//hundreds_of_thousands_gather_for_pope39s_youth_finale__552265

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers. —cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 21:21, 8 September 2015 (UTC)

Youth day in south Africa
￼A youth day is a very important day in South Africa especially for black people's. 105.1.86.207 (talk) 18:44, 12 March 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:World Youth Day


text:
News Industry Text Format

News Industry Text Format (NITF) is an XML specification designed to standardize the content and structure of individual text news articles.

Usage
The NITF specification defines a standard way to mark up an article's content and structure, as well as a wide variety of metadata that different organizations may choose to use.

Additionally, multimedia can be associated with articles, although NITF does not allow for layout of multimedia within article text. Since NITF files are XML, they can be easily parsed, as well as transformed via XSLT to other formats.

The format is widely used across the news industry. Newspapers such as The New York Times, amongst others, news agencies such as Associated Press and Agence France-Presse, and archival services such as LexisNexis use NITF for inter-agency transmission of news as well as internal transmission and storage.

NITF complements NewsML-G2 — an IPTC XML format for bundling and transmitting news. NITF provided schema (XSD) files in addition to DTDs for validating NITF files.

History
NITF was developed jointly by the International Press Telecommunications Council (IPTC) and the Newspaper Association of America, the two major standards organizations of the global and the US American news industry. It started out as a SGML specification prior to its XML incarnation.

title: News Industry Text Format


text: User talk:80.108.211.204

title: User talk:80.108.211.204


text: User talk:143.238.0.121

title: User talk:143.238.0.121


text:
WTOV-TV

WTOV-TV (channel 9) is a television station licensed to Steubenville, Ohio, United States, serving the Wheeling, West Virginia–Steubenville, Ohio market as an affiliate of NBC and Fox. Owned by Sinclair Broadcast Group, the station maintains studios and transmitter facilities on Burr Avenue in Mingo Junction, Ohio (mailing address reads Red Donley Plaza in Steubenville).

History
The station went on air as WSTV-TV (for Steubenville) on December 24, 1953. It was owned by Rust Craft Broadcasting along with WSTV radio (1340 AM), which went off the air in 2011, and 103.5 FM (now WOGH). When the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) opened bidding for the channel 9 license, Rust Craft and CBS emerged as the favorites. CBS planned to move the station's license to Pittsburgh in order to get its own station in what was then the sixth-largest market. However, the FCC turned CBS' bid down. The major cities in the Upper Ohio Valley are so close together that they must share the VHF band, and the FCC had opted not to issue any more VHF construction permits to Pittsburgh in order to give Wheeling–Steubenville and the other smaller markets in the area a chance to get on the air. The Wheeling–Steubenville TV market, despite its very close proximity to Pittsburgh and overlapping signals, remains a separate market today.

Channel 9 was originally a CBS affiliate, but also carried a secondary affiliation with ABC, sharing that network's programming with NBC affiliate WTRF-TV (channel 7). It changed its call letters to WTOV (standing for "We're Television for the Ohio Valley") on June 1, 1979, after Rust Craft merged with Ziff Davis and sold off the radio stations. The call letters had been previously used for a TV station in Portsmouth, Virginia that is now WGNT. During its time as a CBS affiliate, the station struggled in the ratings due to the presence of Group W powerhouse KDKA-TV (channel 2) in Pittsburgh, which to this day remains widely viewable in the area both over-the-air and available on cable.

The station began phasing out ABC in the 1970s, but continued to carry a few ABC programs in off-hours for many years. Channel 9 had little need to air many ABC shows due to the presence of WTAE-TV (channel 4), Youngstown affiliate WYTV (channel 33), and to a lesser extent Columbus affiliate WTVN-TV (channel 6, now WSYX) on cable systems in the area; WSYX is now a sister station to channel 9.

On January 7, 1980, WTOV swapped affiliations with WTRF and became an NBC affiliate. At the time of the switch, NBC had struggled in the ratings for a number of years and then-market leader WTRF wanted a stronger affiliation. However, in the ensuing years the affiliation switch began to benefit WTOV. For starters, instead of competing with KDKA-TV for network programming from the nearby Pittsburgh market, WTOV now competed with future sister station WIIC-TV, channel 11 (which became WPXI the following year), which, until recently, had been one of NBC's weakest major-market affiliates. Secondly, NBC as a whole began to improve in the ratings in the early 1980s, and by the middle of the decade, was America's most-watched network, while CBS went through a serious decline that the network would not recover from until the late 1990s. The affiliation with NBC also gave the station rights to carry the majority of Steelers games via the NFL on NBC package until 1997, and since 2006 a few games per year via NBC's Sunday Night Football, allowing it a good opportunity to establish itself with viewers (the station is within the 75 mi NFL blackout contour, though the Steelers have never had a blackout since the current NFL blackout policy went into effect). These factors led WTOV-TV to surpass WTRF-TV in the ratings in the Wheeling–Steubenville market, a position it now holds by a wide margin.

In 1983, Ziff Davis sold WTOV, along with then-sister stations WEYI-TV in Saginaw, Michigan, WRDW-TV in Augusta, Georgia, and WROC-TV in Rochester, New York, to Television Station Partners, L.P. Under the new ownership, channel 9 was the last NBC affiliate known to have used the old "Proud N" in its branding, keeping it for two years after NBC adopted its current simplified peacock logo in 1986. WTOV, along with WEYI and WROC, were sold to Smith Broadcast Group in 1996. In 2000, Cox Enterprises acquired WTOV, along with fellow NBC affiliate WJAC-TV in Johnstown, Pennsylvania, on the other side of the Pittsburgh market, from Sunrise/STC Broadcasting (one of several subsidiaries of Smith Broadcasting). The station dropped the remaining ABC shows from its schedule soon after Cox took over. It also updated its logo to resemble that of sister station WPXI in Pittsburgh, and along with WJAC, the three were occasionally marketed together as a result until WPXI revamped its news graphics and music package.

WTOV's broadcasts became digital-only, effective June 12, 2009.

The station airs tape-delayed high school football games of the week including numerous playoff games of local teams and Wheeling Nailers hockey games (at one point preempting a Manchester United–Chelsea Premier League game in 2014, to the ire of local viewers). On June 3, 2010, Dish Network added WTOV, along with PBS member station WOUC and CBS affiliate WTRF (and the latter station's digital subchannels) as the local stations available to its subscribers in the Steubenville–Wheeling market. WTOV and the other Steubenville–Wheeling area television stations were added to DirecTV on November 23, 2010.

On July 20, 2012, one day after Cox purchased four television stations in Jacksonville, Florida, and Tulsa, Oklahoma, from Newport Television, Cox put WTOV-TV, WJAC-TV, and sister stations in El Paso, Texas, and Reno, Nevada (all in markets that are smaller than Tulsa), plus several radio stations in medium to small markets, on the selling block. On February 25, 2013, Cox announced that it would sell the four television stations to Sinclair Broadcast Group. The FCC granted its approval of the sale on April 29, and the deal was consummated on May 2. The deal made WTOV-TV a sister station to Pittsburgh's Fox affiliate WPGH-TV and MyNetworkTV affiliate WPMY, though it is still connected to WPXI through a news-share agreement WPXI has had with WPGH-TV since 2006.

On July 11, 2014, it was announced that WTOV would add Fox programming to its subchannel on September 1, which will serve as the Steubenville–Wheeling area's Fox affiliate, replacing the second digital subchannel of WTRF-TV. In a statement, Fox stated that it switched stations because WTOV has a stronger over-the-air signal than WTRF. Fox programming began broadcasting on September 1, replacing MeTV, which moved to a newly created subchannel. MeTV, whose affiliation dated from Cox's ownership of WTOV, was dropped altogether on September 1, 2022, in favor of Sinclair's own Comet.

WTOV's signal can be reached as far north as Sharon, Pennsylvania, as far west as Coshocton, as far east as Greensburg, Pennsylvania and as far south as Sistersville, West Virginia. Although the area is much better served by fellow NBC affiliate WPXI, WTOV's signal can easily be picked up in higher-elevated areas of the city of Pittsburgh with only a "rabbit-ear" antenna. WTOV is also carried on many cable systems that fall outside of its broadcast signal in northern West Virginia, western Pennsylvania, and east-central Ohio.

News operation

WTOV was the first station in the Ohio Valley to broadcast its local newscasts in 16:9 widescreen enhanced definition in April 2009, and it currently runs almost all of its syndicated programming in HD (rival WTRF launched the first high-definition newscast in the market on December 29, 2011, during its noon newscast). When WTOV converted its newscasts to the 16:9 widescreen format, the graphics and set got a slight upgrade to match the 16:9 aspect ratio, though the weather graphics were not upgraded until August 2010.

On October 27, 2010, during the noon newscast, WTOV unveiled a new HD-ready set similar to that used by sister stations WPXI/Pittsburgh and WJAC/Johnstown, among other Cox-owned stations. The station's former graphics were launched in 2000, when Cox Enterprises bought WTOV and WJAC. With the new set and graphics, the station flipped its news theme to 615 Music's "The Tower", ending a nine-year run of using that same company's "Total Coverage" news music package. Sister station WJAC followed suit on October 25, 2011.

As part of its upgrade, the station launched "Early Warning Live Doppler 9" using Doppler weather radar data from five National Weather Service radar sites in the region. The station also updated master control to allow for weather warnings and news crawls without downconverting 16:9 video on the main signal to the 4:3 picture format.

On January 8, 2011, WTOV launched an hour-long Saturday morning newscast. On March 21, 2011, WTOV expanded its early evening newscast to a 90-minute block from 5 to 6:30 p.m. The extra half-hour replaced syndicated reruns of Seinfeld, which aired on the station for 15 years (that series would air on cable-only CW Plus affiliate "WBWO" from 2011 to 2021).

In announcing WTOV's Fox subchannel, Sinclair stated that it would carry an hour-long, WTOV-produced 10 p.m. newscast which debuted on October 6, 2014. In addition, WTOV flipped its graphics and news package to the Sinclair News Package. WJAC followed suit in 2016.

Notable former on-air staff

 * Charles "Red" Donley – news reporter, sports reporter, later director (retired in 1988); the WTOV studios are named after him in his honor
 * Cindy Hsu – general assignment reporter (1989–1991); now at WCBS-TV in New York City
 * Fred McLeod – sports anchor (1974–1976); later play-by-play announcer for the Cleveland Cavaliers, died in September 2019
 * Gary Papa – sports anchor (1976–1978); later worked for WGR-TV and WPVI-TV, died in June 2009

Subchannels
The station's signal is multiplexed:

title: WTOV-TV


text:
Curupira

The Curupira is a mythological creature present in the Tupi-Guarani myths in the Amazon rainforest of Brazil.

The name comes from the Tupi language kuru'pir, meaning "covered in blisters". According to the cultural legends, this creature has bright red/orange hair, though his hair can also ignite and turn into fire, and resembles a man or a dwarf, but its feet are turned backwards.

The demon Curupira lives in the forest and uses its backward feet to create footprints that lead to its starting point, thus making hunters and travelers confused. Besides that, it can also create illusions and produce a sound that is like a high pitched whistle, in order to scare and drive its victim to madness. It is common to portray a Curupira riding a collared peccary, much like another Brazilian creature called Caipora.

Curupira will prey on poachers and hunters that take more than they need of the forest, and he also attacks people who hunt animals that were taking care of their offspring. There are many different versions of the legend, and so the creature's appearance and habits may vary from each region in Brazil. However, Curupira is considered a nationwide folkloric figure.

It was the first figure in the history of folklore to be documented in Brazil.

History

In one of the most popular fantastic creatures in the Brazilian forests, the Curupira is a short figure with red hair, feet backwards, heels forward. The oldest mention of his name is by José de Anchieta, in São Vicente, on 30 May 1560: "'It's a well-known thing and it's rumored by everyone that there are certain demons, which the Brazilians call corupira, that often attack Indians in the bush, whip them, hurt them and kill them. Our people are witnesses of this. Brothers, who sometimes saw those killed by them. Therefore, the Indians usually leave on a certain path, which leads through rough forests to the interior of the lands, on the top of the highest mountain, when they pass by, bird feathers, fans, arrows and other similar things as a kind of oblation, fervently begging the curupiras not to harm them.'"

The Demon of the forest, explainer of mysterious rumors, of the disappearance of hunters, of forgotten paths, of sudden, inexplicable terrors, Curupira slowly received attributes and physical forms that belonged to other threatening entities lost in classical antiquity. Always with his feet facing backwards and with prodigious physical strength, he deceives hunters and travelers, making them lose their way, leading them astray inside the forest, with whistles and false signals.

From Maranhão south to Espírito Santo, its constant nickname is Caipora. Eduardo Galvão informs: "Curupira is a genius of the forest. In the city or in the capoeiras in its immediate neighborhood there are no currupiras. They live further away, far inside the forest. The people of the city believe in their existence, but they are not a reason to concern because currupiras don't like heavily populated places."

"They are immensely fond of tobacco and pinga. Rubber tappers and farmers leave these gifts on the trails they cross, in order to please them or at least distract them. In the forest, the long and shrill cries of the Currupiras are often heard by the caboclo. They also imitate the human voice, in a call cry, to attract victims. The innocent person who hears the screams and does not realize that it is a Currupira and approaches it loses all sense of direction."

The state of São Paulo, by the law of September 11, 1970, signed by the governor Roberto Costa de Abreu Sodré, "establishes the Curupira as the state symbol of the guardian of the forests and the animals that live in them." In the municipality of Olímpia, in that state, for over thirty consecutive years, no official documents are signed during the week in which the Folklore Festival takes place, in the month of August, a period in which the municipal authority is represented by Curupira, which exercises its power by protecting the local population and visitors who come there, birds, forests, etc. In the Horto Florestal in the capital of São Paulo there is a monument to Curupira, inaugurated on Arbor Day, September 21.

In popular culture
A being called the Demon Curupira was featured in several episodes of the 1999–2002 television series Beastmaster. Played by Australian actress Emilie de Ravin, this Curupira, while still possessing the backwards feet, had the appearance of a young and deceptively sweet-faced blonde girl clad in green. She was a spirit of the forest and very capricious; she protected the animals, particularly tigers, and with a kiss she could drain humans of their lives, reducing their bodies to mere husks. She was an uneasy ally of the title character, Dar.

In the 2020 animated film The Red Scroll, the character Idril is inspired by Curupira, although she does not have backwards feet, she clearly demonstrates the ability to leave inverted footprints on the ground in one of the scenes.

The Netflix series of 2021 Invisible City features numerous characters of Brazilian lore, including Curupira. Curupira, played by Fabio Lago, is portrayed as a homeless person who is actually an entity that guards and protects Brazilian forests, perceived by his backward feet, flaming head, and illusion-like high whistles that combine nature and human voices.

title: Curupira


text:
Brackla

Brackla (Bracla) is a large housing estate and community in the east of Bridgend in Bridgend County Borough, Wales. Along with the communities of Bridgend and Coychurch Lower, it makes up the town of Bridgend.

At the 2001 census the community of Brackla had a population of 10,113, increasing to 11,749 at the 2011 Census, making up nearly a quarter of Bridgend's population.

History
Until 1936, the 900 acre of land occupied east to west by the Bridgend Industrial Estate, Brackla and the Brackla Industrial Estate was farmland. In 1936, in view of the increasing likelihood of war with Germany, the British Government decided to build two new Royal Ordnance Factories, including one at Bridgend on the site of what is now Bridgend Industrial Estate.

To store munitions, they dug eight long shafts under Brackla Hill, connecting it to two new ordnance factories on what is now Brackla Industrial Estate. Both facilities were connected to the Great Western Railway South Wales Main Line, with the line to the Brackla facility running along what is now Church Acre. At its peak, ROF 53 employed some 40,000 people, and was the biggest single factory in Western Europe.

After World War II, ROF 53 stopped production at the end of 1945, and closed completely by the end of 1946. The land was sold to property developers, with that north of the railway developed for housing.

Nuclear Bunker
In the late 1960s, two of the former munitions tunnels were redeveloped by the Ministry of Defence on behalf of the Home Office as a nuclear command bunker for South Wales, designated SRHQ 8.2. Brackla became the regional control centre for all of Wales, redesignated RGHQ 8.2. Sold in 1996, it has been derelict ever since.

Governance
Brackla was the name of the electoral ward, coterminous with the community. The ward elected four county councillors to Bridgend County Borough Council.

Following a local government boundary review, the Brackla ward was divided into four single-member electoral wards: Brackla West, Brackla West Central, Brackla East Central, Brackla East and Coychurch Lower. This was effective from the 2022 local elections.

At the community level, Brackla elects 11 community councillors (and one youth councillor) to Brackla Community Council.

Today
Brackla has four primary schools; Brackla Primary, Tremains Primary; Archdeacon John Lewis Church in Wales School & Ysgol Gymraeg Bro Ogwr. Archbishop McGrath Catholic High School is a secondary school in the area.

Brackla contains a small shopping centre, named the Triangle, consisting of a supermarket (a Co-operative Supermarket) and other convenience stores (a Well Pharmacy branch, amongst others). Brackla has only three Public Houses situated in the area.

Brackla Community Council has recently begun work to gain Nature Reserve status for the local Tremains Wood. The area had come under abuse in recent years and the council aims to clean it up, with the eventual aim of replacing the bridges and have structured woodland walkways.

Transport
During World War II, the GWR station called Tremains Halt provided service to ROF 53 and afterwards to the trading estate. The station closed in the early 1960s. There is an ongoing investigation by Bridgend Borough Council to install a Park and Ride facility on the former station site, to serve both Brackla and the wider Bridgend area.

title: Brackla


text:
User talk:Fasten

Proposed deletion of Nutrition physiology

The article Nutrition physiology has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "This stub has received little editor attention, is factually incorrect, and contains no sources. There are other nutrition articles that cover the same content with sources. There is no academic or professional discipline called 'nutrition physiology'."

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You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Zefr (talk) 19:38, 19 July 2017 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Sectoral currency

The article Sectoral currency has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Unreferenced since 2005"

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

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Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. —🎄☃❄ Season's greetings from AFreshStart (talk) ❄☃🎄 05:09, 21 December 2021 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Frontal instruction

The article Frontal instruction has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "might be an archaic term as I have never heard of it - probably it is called something else now but I am not sure what - maybe 'whole class teaching'?"

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Chidgk1 (talk) 17:57, 8 September 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:Fasten


text:
Talk:Arthur Moeller van Den Bruck

Clean up
I have had a go at this article and almost gave up - I have had to chop so much out that there's no hardly anything left - it was badly translated gibberish before - which is better? If this article can't be expnaded or improived it should be vfd. A curate's egg 12:16, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Arthur Moeller van Den Bruck


text:
Gibbet Rath executions

The Gibbet Rath executions, sometimes called the Gibbet Rath massacre, refers to the execution of several hundred surrendering rebels by government forces during the Irish Rebellion of 1798 at the Curragh of Kildare on 29 May 1798.

Background
News of the outbreak of the rebellion had prompted Major-General Sir James Duff, Military Commander in Limerick, to gather a force of about 600 men, mainly Dublin militia members, backed up by seven artillery pieces, and set out on a forced march to Dublin on 27 May. His twin objectives were to restore communications between the two cities and to crush any resistance encountered on the way. As the soldiers entered County Kildare, they discovered the bodies of several rebel victims, among them Lieutenant William Giffard, the son of the commander of the Dublin militia, Captain John Giffard, which reportedly inflamed the soldiers.

However, by the time Duff's column arrived in Monasterevin in County Kildare, at 7.00 a.m. on 29 May, the bulk of the rebel forces had already accepted a government amnesty from Generals Gerard Lake and Ralph Dundas, following their defeat at the battle of Kilcullen and had surrendered at Knockaulin Hill, several kilometres to the east of the Curragh on 27 May. Not aware that the rebels were gathering to surrender on the Curragh plain, Duff reinforced his column and marched to the nearby town of Kildare, and on to the adjacent southwest corner of the Curragh.

Massacre
Duff's force had by now grown to 700 militia, dragoons and yeomanry with four pieces of artillery (three having been presumably left at Monasterevin). The designated place of surrender, the ancient fort of Gibbet Rath, was a wide expanse of plain with little or no cover for several kilometres around but neither the rebels nor Duff's force had seemingly any reason to fear treachery as a separate peaceful surrender to General Dundas at Knockaulin Hill, who was accompanied only by two dragoons, had been successfully accomplished without bloodshed.

By the time of Duff's arrival at Gibbet Rath on the morning of 29 May, an army of between 1,000 and 2,000 rebels was waiting to surrender in return for the promised amnesty. They were subjected to an angry tirade for their treason by Duff who ordered them to kneel for pardon and then to stack their arms. Shortly after the weapons were stacked an infantry and cavalry assault resulted in the death of about 350 men. Accounts of why the massacre began differ. Rebel claims that Duff ordered his troops to attack the disarmed and surrounded men were denied by Duff himself who claimed that the rebels fired on his men, while another source recorded “one man in the crowd, saying he would not hand over his fire-lock loaded, blazed it off in the air”.

However, Duff redrafted his own official report of the engagement before submission to Dublin Castle, his final draft was transmitted without references to his knowledge of the surrender preparations. The original report read as follows with the items in brackets excised from his final report;"'My Dear Genl. (I have witnessed a melancholy scene) We found the Rebels retiring from this Town on our arrival armed. We followed them with Dragoons; I sent on some of the Yeomen to tell them, on laying down their arms, they should not be hurt. Unfortunately some of them Fired on the Troops; from that moment they were attacked on all sides, nothing could stop the Rage of the Troops. I believe from Two to Three hundred of the Rebels were killed. (They intended, we are told, to lay down their arms to General Dundas). We have 3 men killed & several wounded. I am too fatigued to enlarge. I have forwarded the mails to Dublin.'"

The grieving Captain John Giffard expressed his own satisfaction as follows;"'My troops did not leave my hero unavenged – 500 rebels bleaching on the Curragh of Kildare—that Curragh over which my sweet innocent girls walked with me last Summer, that Curragh was strewed with the vile carcasses of popish rebels and the accursed town of Kildare has been reduced to a heap of ashes by our hands.'"

Aftermath
General Duff received no censure for the massacre and, upon his arrival in Dublin the following day, was feted as a hero by the population who honoured him with a victory parade. General Dundas, by contrast, was denounced for having shown clemency towards the rebels. However, because of the massacre, wavering rebels were discouraged from surrendering and there were no further capitulations in county Kildare until the final surrender of William Aylmer in July. Dr Chambers (see below) considers that Lake and Duff were not in communication about the surrenders, being on opposite sides of the Curragh. Duff and his 500 men had arrived in Kildare town after a forced march from Limerick and found it sacked by the rebels, along with the piked body of Duff's nephew.

Duff was later involved in an unsuccessful campaign after the battle of Vinegar Hill to trap and destroy a surviving rebel column in Wexford led by Anthony Perry who fought and eluded Duff's forces at the battle of Ballygullen/Whiteheaps on 5 July.

title: Gibbet Rath executions


text:
Talk:Commodore 64 Games System

Untitled
For the copyvio obsessed: The tech-specs of the C64GS are copied (partially) from the Commodore 64 page and modified (by me) to fit the C64GS. Jamyskis 12:17, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * With respect to the copying, I note near the top of the article "It was only ever released in Europe" yet the specs have a couple of lines saying things like "Video hardware: MOS Technology VIC-II MOS 6567/8567 (NTSC) MOS 6569/8569 (PAL)". There are no NTSC countries in Europe, so if the configuration was hard selected by the manufacturer then surely the NTSC information should be excised from this article? ThomasHarte 16:52, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

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Comapring to Amiga CD32
I think that comparison of Amiga CD32 must be deleted. First of all, Amiga CD32 was innovative as worlds first 32-bit CD based console and it offered several improvements over A1200 such as Aikiko chip, CD and Kickstart 3.1 and gamepad. Also, much more titles were availiable as well as full CD32-to-computer expansions and Amiga CD32 games remain the best Amiga games except PPC games, so CD media was well used. After all, it is unfair to judge the success of CD32 as commodore died quite soon after it was realised. Much better example would be Amiga CDTV worlds first CD based media player and computer. Only similarity is that CDTV and CD32 are also cut down to different designs from Amiga 500 and Amiga 1200 as C64GS is to C64. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.175.83.172 (talk) 16:49, 13 October 2008 (UTC)

DECEMBER 1990?!
Was this console really releaced December 1990? That is just 4 months before the sucsessor the CDTV was releaced, I know Commodore were'nt the best company for timeing when it came to there consoles but 4 months?! Surely that's not practical, or possible. mcjakeqcool Mcjakeqcool (talk) 15:46, 27 April 2009 (UTC)

 * CDTV wasn't really a "successor", they're two seperate product lines. --Marty Goldberg (talk) 18:57, 27 April 2009 (UTC)

 * Well I dunno... they are both consoles. Please tell me if I am wrong, and I will apolgize sinseraly. mcjakeqcool Mcjakeqcool (talk) 16:40, 28 April 2009 (UTC)

 * The CDTV was five times the price of the C64 GS. Kids these days might have £500 lying around somewhere, but when I got my GS (by trading in my NES: I know, worst decision ever) I certainly didn't really consider the CDTV to be an option financially. Chris Cunningham (not at work) - talk 17:40, 28 April 2009 (UTC)

 * Well besides the point, the CDTV is the sucsessor to the c64gs, so it is more advanced and costs more money at debuit, but 4 months is very little time to devolep a sucsessor. mcjakeqcool Mcjakeqcool (talk) 15:40, 30 April 2009 (UTC)

 * "Well besides the point, the CDTV is the sucsessor to the c64gs"; asserting something twice doesn't make it any more true! I don't recall Commodore ever describing it in such terms.

 * It's quite common for computer manufacturers to continue and produce new variants of an older line after the "next generation" is established. You could possibly say that the Amiga was the "successor" to the C64, but even then, do you count the C128? And what about the abortive C16 and Plus/4?- they flopped, but they still came out after the C64.

 * The CDTV was marketed more as a multimedia machine than a games console anyway (unlike the later CD32). They weren't really part of the same line.

 * I agree that December 1990 was ridiculously late to be launching an 8-bit console though. It's not just that the market was already established (in Nintendo's favour- in the US and Japan anyway)... it's that even then it must have been obvious that the 8-bit market would be dead within a year or two. So why bother?! While the C64 was popular, there weren't many games available on cartridge, so it would have taken time to change that- time that the 8-bit market didn't have.

 * While Atari's XEGS (XE Games System) was an opportunistic and half-baked (and unsuccessful) attempt to grab some of Nintendo's pie, at least that was launched three years earlier when there was still some pie left, not in 1990 when Nintendo had eaten all the pie and everyone was leaving the party. :-) Ubcule (talk) 18:36, 30 April 2009 (UTC)

 * XEGS had nothing to do with competing against the Nintendo pie. It was simply a pet project to "do the 5200 right" as Leonard Tramiel told me, and was for a niche market. The 7800 was their main competitor to the Nintendo pie. --Marty Goldberg (talk) 20:33, 30 April 2009 (UTC)

 * The 7800 was Atari's equal competitor to the NES (though it was slighty less powerful) and the XEGS was the superior competitor to the NES, however Atari never releaced a console that could truly compete with the SNES (or Mega Drive) which proved to be there downfall with the Jaguar. Altough it must be noted, December 1990 is ridiculously late to launch a 8 bit console and March 1991 ridiculously early to launch a CD based game console. By the way, howcome the CDTV does not count as a games console if it plays games and it was advertised to play games as in this link? mcjakeqcool Mcjakeqcool (talk) 15:16, 1 May 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Commodore 64 Games System


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Alain Ducasse

Alain Ducasse (born 13 September 1956) is a French-born Monégasque chef. He operates a number of restaurants including Alain Ducasse at The Dorchester which holds three stars (the top rating) in the Michelin Guide.

Early life and career
Ducasse was born in Orthez in southwestern France and was educated on a farm in Castel-Sarrazin. In 1972, when he was sixteen, Ducasse began an apprenticeship at the Pavillon Landais restaurant in Soustons and at the Bordeaux hotel school. After this apprenticeship, he began work at Michel Guérard's restaurant in Eugénie-les-Bains while also working for Gaston Lenôtre during the summer months. In 1977, Ducasse started working as an assistant at Moulin de Mougins under legendary chef Roger Vergé, creator of Cuisine du Soleil, and learned the Provençal cooking methods for which he was later known.

In 2012 he held 21 Michelin stars, making him the second ranked chef worldwide in terms of total Michelin stars – Joël Robuchon had 31 and Gordon Ramsay had 17 at the time.

Ducasse's first position as chef came in 1980 when he took over the kitchens at L'amandier in Mougins. One year later, he assumed the position of head chef at La Terrasse in the Hôtel Juana in Juan-les-Pins. In 1984, he was awarded two stars in the Michelin Red Guide. In the same year Ducasse was the only survivor of a Piper Aztec aircraft crash that injured him severely.

Career as chef
In 1986, Ducasse was offered the chef position at the Hôtel de Paris in Monte Carlo, with management including the hotel's Le Louis XV. After assuring himself that the Hotel's other restaurant operations were operating well, Ducasse continued to run management.

In 1988, Ducasse expanded beyond the restaurant industry and opened La Bastide de Moustiers, a twelve-bedroom country inn in Provence and he began attaining financial interests in other Provence hotels. On 12 August 1996, the Alain Ducasse restaurant opened in Le Parc – Sofitel Demeure Hôtels in the 16th arrondissement of Paris. The Red Guide awarded the restaurant three stars just eight months after opening.

Ducasse came to the United States and in June 2000 opened the Alain Ducasse restaurant in New York City's Essex hotel at 160 Central Park South, receiving the Red Guide's three stars in December 2005, in the first Red Guide for NYC. Ducasse became the first chef to have three restaurants awarded three Michelin stars at the same time. That restaurant closed in 2007 when Ducasse chose to open a restaurant in Las Vegas named Mix, which later went on to earn one star in the Michelin Red Guide. In early 2008, Ducasse opened Adour, at the St. Regis Hotel on 16th and K Street in Washington, D.C., and has also opened the more casual Bistro Benoit New York, at 60 West 55th Street.

On 2 July 2011, Ducasse prepared a multi-course gala dinner for the wedding of Prince Albert and Charlene Wittstock. It was the first time he prepared an official meal for a head of state. He was also in charge of preparing the post-festivities brunch on 3 July, in conjunction with Joël Robuchon.

Recognition
Ducasse became the first chef to own restaurants carrying three Michelin Stars in three cities. The New York restaurant was dropped from the 2007 Michelin Guide because the restaurant was scheduled to close. Ducasse has become known through his writing and influences. Ducasse is also only one of two chefs to hold 21 Michelin stars throughout his career.

He has been special guest in the US and Italian versions of MasterChef. In 2013 he was awarded the Lifetime Achievement on The World's 50 Best Restaurants List. In June 2022 he was recognized by the International Hospitality Institute on the Global 100 in Hospitality, a list featuring the 100 Most Powerful People in Global Hospitality.

Nationality
Ducasse was a French citizen by birth. On 17 June 2008, he became a naturalized citizen of Monaco. He chose Monegasque citizenship in order to take advantage of the principality's tax rates, giving up his French nationality as Monegasque people were not allowed to hold dual citizenship at this time.

Restaurants and operations
Alain Ducasse's restaurants, cooking schools, cookbooks, and consulting activities had revenues of $15.9 million in 2002. Ducasse has also opened a cooking school for the general public in Paris and another for chefs (ADF), which also works for the European Space Agency to develop astronaut meals to be taken into space.

Ducasse's restaurants include:
 * 59 Poincaré (Paris, France)
 * Adour (New York, US) – Closed 17 November 2012
 * Restaurant Le Meurice, Alain Ducasse (Paris, France)
 * Alain Ducasse au Plaza Athenee (Paris, France)
 * Alain Ducasse at The Dorchester (London, UK)
 * Aux Lyonnais (Paris, France)
 * Allard (Paris, France)
 * La Trattoria (Monaco)
 * Be (BoulangEpicerie)
 * Beige (Tokyo, Japan)
 * Benoit (Paris, France) – bistro
 * Benoit (Tokyo, Japan) – bistro
 * Benoit (Kyoto, Japan) – bistro
 * Benoit (New York, US) – bistro
 * Esprit – bistro
 * Esterre (Tokyo, Japan) – gastronomy restaurant
 * Idam, Museum of Islamic Art, Doha-Qatar gastronomy restaurant
 * La Cour Jardin (Paris, France)
 * Mix (Las Vegas, Nevada)
 * La Terrasse du Parc
 * Le Grill
 * Le Rech
 * Le Jules Verne (Eiffel Tower, Paris, France)
 * Le Louis XV (Monaco)
 * Le Relais du Parc (Paris, France)
 * Le Relais Plaza, Hotel Plaza Athénée (Paris, France)
 * La Bastide de Moustier (Moustier Ste Marie, France)
 * MIA cafe, at Museum of Islamic Art, Doha-Qatar
 * Jiwan by Alain Ducasse National Museum of Qatar (Doha, Qatar)
 * Tamaris (Beirut, Lebanon)
 * Rech by Alain Ducasse (Hong Kong)
 * Rivea (Saint-Tropez, France)
 * Rivea (Las Vegas, US) Delano Las Vegas
 * Rivea (London, UK) Bulgari Hotel
 * Spoon (Beirut, Carthago, Gstaadt, Mauritius)
 * Trattoria Toscana L'Andana (Castiglione della Pescaia, Grosseto, Italy)
 * Sapid (Paris, France)

In 2004 Alain Ducasse opened a restaurant in a resort near Biarritz, in the French Basque Country. However, after several bombing attacks by Irrintzi, an armed Basque nationalist organization, which accused him of being a speculator and of "folkloring" the Basque Country, Ducasse decided to leave the Basque Country.

In 2010 Ducasse opened a miX restaurant at the W Hotel in Vieques, Puerto Rico, but he closed it in 2012.

On 29 November 2017, Melco Resorts announced that Alain Ducasse would open two new restaurants and a bar at the then upcoming Morpheus Hotel at City of Dreams, Macau. The restaurants are to be called "Alain Ducasse at Morpheus" and "Voyages by Alain Ducasse". In March 2017, Ducasse opened Rech by Alain Ducass in the Intercontinental Hong Kong.

title: Alain Ducasse


text:
Andromeda polifolia

Andromeda polifolia, common name bog-rosemary, is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae, native to northern parts of the Northern Hemisphere. It is the only member of the genus Andromeda, and is only found in bogs in cold peat-accumulating areas. Andromeda glaucophylla is a synonym of A. polifolia var. latifolia.

Description
It is a small shrub growing to 10 - 20 cm (rarely to 40 cm) tall with slender stems. The leaves are evergreen, alternately arranged, lanceolate, 1 - 5 cm long and 2 - 8 mm broad, dark green above (purplish in winter) and white beneath with the leaf margins curled under. The flowers are bell-shaped, white to pink, 5 - 8 mm long; flowering is in late spring to early summer. The fruit is a small capsule containing numerous seeds.

There are two varieties, treated as distinct species by some botanists:
 * Andromeda polifolia var. polifolia. Northern Europe and Asia, northwestern North America.
 * Andromeda polifolia var. latifolia Aiton [1789] . Northeastern North America (syn. A. glaucophylla Link [1821], A. polifolia var. glaucophylla (Link) DC. [1839] ).

Etymology
The genus was named by Carl Linnaeus who observed it during his 1732 expedition to Lapland and compared the plant to Andromeda from Greek mythology. The specific epithet is a noun in apposition, which Linnaeus based on Johann Christian Buxbaum's pre-Linnaean generic designation Polifolia. Buxbaum in turn derived the name from Johann Bauhin, who used it to mean "having polium-like leaves". The precise plant that Bauhin meant by polium is uncertain, but it may have been Teucrium montanum. The common name "bog rosemary" derives from the superficial resemblance of the leaves to those of rosemary, which is not closely related.

Fossil record
Many fossil seeds of †Andromeda carpatica have been extracted from borehole samples of the Middle Miocene fresh water deposits in Nowy Sacz Basin, West Carpathians, Poland.

Cultivation
Numerous cultivars have been developed for garden use, all of which require damp acid soil in shade. The cultivars 'Compacta' and 'Macrophylla' have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. Like most other members of the family Ericaceae, they are acid-loving plants (calcifuges), and must be grown in a medium with a low pH.

Chemistry
Bog rosemary contains grayanotoxin, which when ingested may cause respiratory problems, dizziness, vomiting, or diarrhoea.

title: Andromeda polifolia