text:
Talk:Zefram Cochrane

Mirror Universe
I have removed the phrase "it is unknown whether the Terran empire exists at this point" because it isn't: if you watch the opening credits, there is a shot of the first Moon landing of this universe, with the Terran Empire flag being raised instead of the American one, and this is clearly the mirror universe analogue of Apollo. Alex Swanson 10:47, 26 September 2005 (UTC)

It's never stated whether other cultures developed warp drive or another faster than light propulsion system; I'm pretty sure all we know is that Zefram developed warp drive indepednently on Earth. His prominence might then be due both to his specific insight about warp travel and Earth's prominence in the future UFP. I've updated this in the opening paragraphs. Ryanluck 04:46, 31 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Obviously the Vulcans had it long before humans (see Star Trek: First Contact) but other civilizations seem to develop it independently (see First Contact (TNG episode)). Additionally, this goes with the Federation concept of non-interference (i.e. The Prime Directive). - zjc

 * Indented line

Actually, First Contact presents direct evidence that at least two other species from independent star systems had developed Warp Capabilities prior to Zephram- can you guess which? ...The Borg (whom may have actually assimilated several other Warp Capable species), and there's one more for sure- Which I bet some of you still might not guess; Not even if I were speaking Klingon right now ::wink::  LarchOye (talk) 01:06, 2 September 2012 (UTC)

I've always been of the opionion that "warp" and "faster than light" (FTL) were not synonymous. Warp technology is a subset of FTL technology. Thus what the Vulcans were interested in was FTL, not necessarily warp. I'm updating this throughout the entry. If someone disagrees I'd be glad to start a dialogue about it. Ryanluck 04:51, 31 January 2006 (UTC)
 * It is probably assumed that the only way to get around the speed of light, besides wormholes, is via some sort of warp/subspace technology - warp drive, warp waves (failed, from an episode of ST:TNG) and Borg subspace conduits. Warp is considered FTL in that you can get to a destination faster than light, though it's supposed to circumvent the speed of light (globally faster than light, but not locally). - zjc

I saw only 1 or 2 episodes of Enterprise -- I suppose I'm a "Basher" in the internet parlance. I was against the idea of a prequel and do not consider anything that happens in it part of the official Chronology. Apparently Zefram Cochrane makes an appearance in that series. Perhaps Enterprise also addresses what I've written here. If so then it's fine to include it, but please make a note that it's from Enterprise since that show carries such controversy for otherwise devoted Trekkies. Ryanluck 05:18, 31 January 2006 (UTC)
 * As far as I know, the only appearance of the Cochrane character in ST:Ent was in a recording of a speech he gave a hundred years or so prior to the episode (either the first or last episode of the series, I can't remember). It wasn't a great series, but I'd still consider it canon. - zjc

The artical states that the creation of the empire started with the terrans inventing warp, although it was created during a point long before than. I will correct it after writing this PS: it was the first episode that had Cochrane's recording Drlf (talk) 01:07, 1 January 2011 (UTC)

There is no source that the Terran Empire was created before that. The Terran Empire is an interstellar empire, so how could it have been created prior to their possession of warp drive?

As for the moon landing, that could simply have been a mistake on the part of the creators, or perhaps the Terran Empire took the former flag of an Earth Flag that existed prior to it. Whichever explanation one prefers, this is SYNTH, and is therefore not permitted. I rewrote the passage to remove any assumption either way. Nightscream (talk) 01:49, 1 January 2011 (UTC)

Use of phrase "Star Trek"
I may be wrong but didn't Q once use the term "star trek", in TNG in the episode "All Good Things..."? According to this the only character to do this is Cochrane. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 83.70.65.151 (talk • contribs).

 * I think he said the Q would "put an end to your little Trek through the stars." So kinda, but not quite. Ryanluck 23:38, 7 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Didn't one of the characters (I forget which) say "star trek" at the end of the Roswell episode of DS9? TharkunColl 21:47, 11 February 2006 (UTC)

 * No, but the nurse referenced a future organization of planets with some word like "association", and Quark corrected her by saying, "Federation". Nightscream (talk) 02:31, 12 October 2009 (UTC)

Heteronormative?
The comment about heteronormativity is somewhat puzzling. It says that cochrane shows disgust at the sexualized relationship. Is this implying that Cochrane is gay and that, once he sees the Companion as female he is disgusted? Or is it implying that Cochrane is heterosexual and disgusted by the idea of the sexual interests of another species? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.218.221.152 (talk) 05:20, 10 August 2008 (UTC)

 * My thoughts exactly. That section came completely out of left field, regardless of the citation (which I assume is dubious, but cannot check since it is an offline citation). What is meant by the section and what it is meant to accomplish is beyond me, and since I'm not the first to take issue with it, I'll go ahead and remove it to avoid further confusion. 99.186.122.139 (talk) 02:00, 12 October 2009 (UTC)Spectralancer

 * You can't just remove valid, sourced material because you dislike it or don't understand it "regardless of the citation". Unless you can determine that the source is not reliable, or does not support that material, or provide some other policy-based rationale for its removal, it is not appropriate to do so. And please sign your posts. Nightscream (talk) 02:37, 12 October 2009 (UTC)

 * I am signing my posts; I assume you refer to the OP? I managed to find a copy of the source online, and now I can safely say I understand it. Still, it has absolutely no relation to the episode; if it does, then so does every other instance in entertainment where people are assumed to be straight or gender stereotypes are upheld. Whether or not one finds that acceptable is irrelevant; that's just how it usually is today, and always was during TOS' time. There's nothing particularly outstanding about Zefram's thoughts which are the basis of the source; he's obviously a straight character- so what? TOS, being made in the 60s, played up gender stereotypes heavily. This is common knowledge and singling this particular instance out is unnecessary. My advice to whoever posted this section is to create an article about gender stereotyping in TOS in general, if there isn't one already. EDIT: After viewing your profile, I see that you are an avid Trekker, too, which leads me to believe you know of the general campiness and gender stereotyping of TOS, so I don't see why you would find this particularly relevant. I'm going to remove this again and I ask that you not replace until you can prove not that it is legitimate, but that it has relevance whereas countless other similar instances in the TOS do not. 99.186.122.139 (talk) 04:53, 12 October 2009 (UTC)Spectralancer

 * Regarding signatures, I was addressing the editor who posted above you. Regarding that online copy of the source, can you provide a link to it? Thanks. Nightscream (talk) 05:31, 12 October 2009 (UTC)

 * Yes; http://www.ejumpcut.org/archive/onlinessays/JC42folder/StarTrekGender.html The argument begins with Kirk saying "The ideas of male and female are universal constants," and goes on to describe the interaction between Cochrane and The Companion as gender stereotyping. My rationale for deletion is that, as I have said, TOS was produced in the 60s and is accordingly chock full of gender stereotypes. It is nonsensical to call out an isolated instance amidst the flurry of others that permeate TOS. See for yourself. 99.186.122.139 (talk) 05:42, 12 October 2009 (UTC)Spectralancer

First to mention Star Trek?
In Star Trek: First Contact, Cochrane becomes the first and (to date) only character in the history of the franchise to actually utter the term "star trek".

Correct me if I'm wrong but didn't someone in "Voage Home" mention something about being in some kind of Star Trek? --StarkRG 10:36, 31 March 2006 (UTC)

I don't know. But you've given me a good excuse to watch Star Trek IV again! I'll let you know what I find. Ryanluck 23:42, 10 April 2006 (UTC)

They did "break the fourth wall" in Star Trek IV, when McCoy is trying to get Spock to talk about what it was like to be dead: "You really have gone where no man's gone before!" At the time the movie was made, I don't believe that phrase existed anywhere except in William Shatner's opening narration of TOS. Since then, however, it has become canon because (I think) Zefram Cochrane said it in the pilot episode of "Enterprise." Also, I think in Star Trek V they show a ship's plaque that has those words on it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.168.151.241 (talk) 02:30, 5 May 2008 (UTC)

Interesting...
Cochrane, Alberta is a town not too far from the legendary Vulcan, Alberta. Coincidence? T ConX 13:45, 21 July 2006 (UTC)

Cochran not Cochrane
If you check the credits from Star Trek: First Contact, his name is spelled Zefram Cochran, not Zefram Cochrane. I've tried to clean it up on his main page, but it needs to be fixed throughout Wikipedia. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 24.168.214.110 (talk) 04:29, 9 December 2006 (UTC).

Perhaps every other source spells it with an "e" and the FC credits are wrong. Please check the episode credits, script, etc., before making such sweeping changes. You may be right, but you gave only one source, and the ST films have been known to bbe wrong. Hell, the main character of Uhura was credited incorrectly in one of the films ("The Undiscovered Country") as Uhuru. Memory Alpha, the Star Trek Wiki, spells it Cochrane. I would hope the Fans would be able to get it right over there. Sir Rhosis 10:18, 9 December 2006 (UTC)

 * In fact, I have just done this work for you. Gene Coon's April 19, 1967 script spells it "Cochrane," the "Metamorphosis" credits spell it "Cochrane."  Safe to say, this is the correct spelling and "First Contact" got it wrong.  Please revert back to the spelling with an "e."  Sir Rhosis 10:26, 9 December 2006 (UTC)

Mention on Heroes
In the series Heroes (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heroes_%28TV_series%29 ), in the first season, episode 17 "Company Man" two of the characters visits "Bozeman, Montana" - given that George Takei has a guest role on the show and we've previously seen a license plate "NCC 1701" this is hardly a coincidence.

....Hi! Well, the vanity plate makes sense in the context of the characters being fans of the "Star Trek" franchise. Heck, the actor that played "Hiro", even his character on "Hawaii 5-O" is one! Now if you really want to read something paradoxical, see "Group 10" at this site: http://www.poobala.com/crossoverlistb.html#byreality LeoStarDragon1 (talk) 04:11, 14 May 2013 (UTC)

Ship name
I believe the name of Cochrane's first warp ship in the novel Federation was "Bonaventure" not "Phoenix". Can someone, please, confirm or deny? I have not read the novel in years. Chronolegion 12:03, 2 March 2007 (UTC)

 * It was, yes. Federation and First Contact don't really fit together at all. Daibhid C (talk) 15:51, 17 October 2008 (UTC)

About link to novel Federation
Memory Alpha should definitely have an article on this, but I don't know about Wikipedia. It probably would wind up being deletionist bait. It's hard enough to argue for articles on certain important recurring characters, so we should show some restraint and pick our battles. For these reasons, I don't think this article should have a link to an article about the novel (though perhaps a link to Memory Alpha in the external links might be in order). ShutterBugTrekker 22:41, 12 July 2007 (UTC)
 * I'd be fine with excising the Federation thing entirely -- I keep reverting your edit because "This is a book so it's not canon" is not non-NPOV. Might just be best to axe that part as extraneous detail. --EEMeltonIV 22:52, 12 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Its not a extraneuos detail, its the truth. Novels are not canon, maybe whit the exception of Jeri Taylor's. I hav no opinion on wheter their should be an article about Federation but i will note that there seem to be no takers (e.g., redlink). Numerao 00:34, 13 July 2007 (UTC)
 * The notion of "canon" is itself non-NPOV -- Paramount has its policy, the people at, say, Memory Beta have their own, and then there's the group of people who believe that anything Gene Roddenberry didn't personally snuggle with is non-canon. By putting up a caveat that says something is not canon, it's essentially saying, "Here, this thing has been published, but it really doesn't mean anything." Rather than make an assertion as to a piece of fiction's canon-ness, I think it's best simply to say, "This has been published in a book" and let Wikipedia's readers make their own decision as to how much weight to give it. --EEMeltonIV 03:16, 13 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Fair enough.
 * Actually, you make an excellent point about Gene Roddenberry. He didn't consider Star Trek V canon and many fans don't either because he didn't. ShutterBugTrekker 18:37, 13 July 2007 (UTC)

 * My opinion is for the deletion of the Federation novel reference. If everything non-canon were to be introduced on Wikipedia the servers would catch on fire. Deletion is pending. Hurricane Floyd (talk) 12:24, 27 July 2008 (UTC)

Should be brought back
I was wondering why the entire section describing (and pointing out discrepancies and inconsistencies left unexplained in the fictional timeline) how the character was conceived originally in the 1960s (for the Original Series), and then completely reconstructed in the 1990s (notably for the feature film with Cromwell in the role), was removed altogether. That was the one part of the article based on real-life and on technical aspects of character development in long-running franchises. Now the article is almost exclusively a fictional biography. Not that we can't have a fictional biography in an article about a fictional person, of course, but it is always best if we can add something more to the article. It seems that the whole thing was removed last June 9, unilaterally by a user, based on his own understanding of whether or not that should be here, without any discussion here or any attempt at rewording the section (should that have been what was necessary to improve the standard). I would say that we need to bring that back — and rewording is always part of the equation; Wikipedia is a work in progress, after all. Redux (talk) 03:13, 17 February 2008 (UTC)

Is this in reference to the NOTE: section? If so, someone seems to be stretching what information there is on screen to describe something confusing, that the character is originally from Earth or Alpha Centauri. A character suggests onscreen that Zephram Cochrane was, at one time, living in the Alpha Centauri system, a movie shows that he was living on Earth before humans were able to travel faster than light, so we should just leave the facts as they are Alastairward (talk) 08:52, 14 March 2008 (UTC)

Question about his name
I wonder about the possibility, if the name Zefram Cochrane may have any connection to "Josephine Cochrane", who showed in 1893 her invention: the worlds first automatic dishwashing machine (which contented less "warp", but instead an intense "whooosh"-Sound). This shouldn't disappoint anyone - i just ask for myself, if such an implication might be possible ... ... especially as the name "Zefram" really sounds like a modification of josephine (if the "jo" at the beginnig would be cut ...

Chiron 88.217.5.159 (talk) 17:01, 7 June 2008 (UTC) .... Hmm. I didn't know about that woman until now. But as to your question, why not? Gene Roddenberry stated that Christine Chapel's name is a pun of "Sistine Chapel". LeoStarDragon1 (talk) 04:04, 14 May 2013 (UTC)

It's infinitely more likely that it's a reference to Jacqueline Cochran, the first woman to fly faster than the speed of sound. 50.47.93.196 (talk) 02:20, 11 November 2015 (UTC)

Picture of Cochrane and Woman incorrectly labeled
The wording underneath the picture (showing Cochrane and the Commissioner) states "Glenn Corbett as Cochrane with the Companion in the 1967 Star Trek episode "Metamorphosis"." Either picture needs to change -- there is a scene in the episode where Cochrane IS with the companion, or the caption needs to change to say "... as Cochrane and Nancy Hedford as the Federation Commissioner in the ..."

This picture is identical to the one used on the main episode page. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Jholicky (talk • contribs) 18:48, 27 April 2011 (UTC)

 * Actually, in that scene the Companion was in the Commissioner's body as they had already merged. 66.87.4.44 (talk) 02:04, 8 April 2012 (UTC)

Human acquisition of warp drive in the Mirror Universe
In the Mirror Universe, rather than reciprocating the Vulcans' peaceful greeting, Cochrane and the other humans kill the Vulcans and loot their ship, leading to human acquisition of warp drive, (...)

 * I don't think that this conclusion is correct. As the Vulcans in the Mirror Universe were no different from their counterparts in our universe there would have been no reason for them to visit Earth in the first place.217.94.204.168 (talk) 16:51, 7 November 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Zefram Cochrane


text:
Talk:Creeping normality

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 18 March 2019 and 10 May 2019. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Tmendo26. Peer reviewers: Rmcnamara2.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 19:34, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 14 January 2020 and 9 March 2020. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Missmj180.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 19:34, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Jakes27s.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 18:38, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Source material for Jared Diamond citation
Here is the source material for the heretofore-nonspecific reference to Jared Diamond's writings as a source for the "creeping normality" concept. The following paragraph is quoted from p. 425 of the original hardcover edition of Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed (published by Penguin Group, New York, 2005; ISBN 0-670-03337-5):

— Jaydiem (talk) 01:10, 30 October 2015 (UTC)

Proposed changes
I am working on adding more to this page. The idea was introduced through environmental degradation, that could be developed further. It is also referred to as Death by a Thousand Cuts, and that needs development. Also, other sources have used that term to include maternal obesity, as well as government interference. I hope to bolster the sites credibility by adding additional sources, introducing new research, and linking Jared Diamond's page to this one.

Proposed bibliography of sources:

Antheaume, N., & Barbelivien, D. Why do family businesses die? An investigation through the work of an ethnologist and geographer on the collapse of human societies.

Ariel, T. (2017). The Challenges Of Governance In A Complex World. World Scientific.

Armstrong, D. P., Hayward, M. W., Moro, D., & Seddon, P. J. (2015). Reintroduction biology of Australian and New Zealand fauna: progress, emerging themes, and future directions. In Advances in reintroduction biology of Australian and New Zealand fauna (pp 285-289). Clayton South, VIC: CSIRO Publishing.

Boston, J. (2017). Failing the future - Why governments short-change long-term interests. In Safeguarding the Future: Governing in an Uncertain World (pp. 13-31) (Vol. 52). Bridget Williams Books.

Chon, K. H. (2016). Cybercrime precursors: Towards a model of offender resources. PhD dissertation, Australian National University.

Ho, P. (2018). Lecture 1: Hunting black swans and taming black elephants: Governance in a complex world. In The challenges of governance in a complex world (pp. 1-35). Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Pte.

Schmied, V. A., Duff, M., Dahlen, H. G., Mills, A. E., & Kolt, G. S. (2011). ‘Not waving but drowning’: A study of the experiences and concerns of midwives and other health professionals caring for obese childbearing women. Midwifery, 27(4), 424-430. doi:10.1016/j.midw.2010.02.010

Wilkinson, S. A., Poad, D., & Stapleton, H. (2013). Maternal overweight and obesity: A survey of clinicians' characteristics and attitudes, and their responses to their pregnant clients. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 13, 117. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2393-13-117

Wouter, V. J. (Ed.). (2018). Disrupted Balance-Society At Risk(Vol. 6). World Scientific.

Jakes27s (talk) 19:28, 15 September 2018 (UTC)

--

Tmendo26 (talk) 05:48, 15 April 2019 (UTC)ADDED A REFERENCE SECTION, TMENDO26, 14 APR 19 I'll be working on summarizing the use of "creeping normalicy" and "landscape amnesia" from these articles onto the page:

Levêque, J., Marzano, M., Broome, A., Connolly, T., & Dandy, N. (2015). Forest visitor perceptions of recreational impacts on amphibian wildlife. European Journal of Wildlife Research, 61(4), 505-515.

Mass shootings have started to look, sound and feel the same — and that’s a problem. (2018). Gulf News, p. Gulf News, Feb 18, 2018.

Moskal, P., Dziuban, C., Upchurch, R., Hartman, J., & Truman, B. (2006). Assessing Online Learning: What One University Learned about Student Success, Persistence, and Satisfaction. Peer Review, 8(4), 26-29.

De Waal, A. (2006). TOWARDS A COMPARATIVE POLITICAL ETHNOGRAPHY OF DISASTER PREVENTION. Journal of International Affairs, 59(2), 129-XIV.

Wilkinson, S. A., Poad, D., & Stapleton, H. (2013). Maternal overweight and obesity: A survey of clinicians' characteristics and attitudes, and their responses to their pregnant clients. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 13, 117. doi:http://dx.doi.org.proxy.foley.gonzaga.edu/10.1186/1471-2393-13-117

This should help round out the coverage of the term in a few places! Tmendo26 (talk) 12:43, 6 April 2019 (UTC)TMendoza

Added two subsections, one on mass shootings and one on landscape amnesia with the Gulf News and Levenque citations. Tmendo26 (talk) 06:19, 29 April 2019 (UTC)TMendo26, 27 April 2019

I made significant changes to the article in added two sub-sections (gun violence and lanscape amnesia) as well as editing the entire article for tone and clarifying content by adding more info (especially under maternal overweight/obesity section). I am finished making changes. Tmendo26 (talk) 12:46, 10 May 2019 (UTC)TMendo26 10 May 19

Lisa's Peer Review
Lisa, I think you did a great job of developing the death by a thousand cuts portion of this article. It is helpful to have more context around that. Out of curiosity did you look at any other books on this subject? There is a book on this subject by George Blue and Timothy Brook. It might be useful to leverage their take on it as well.

I'm a little concerned on the balance portion of the article. It could just be that there isn't much information for the other uses. Great job on providing more sources to this article! Looking forward to seeing the final version. Kehinton1 (talk) 23:32, 30 September 2018 (UTC)Kehinton1

Thanks for the help Keri! I did look at a bunch of sources, but eventually just ran out of time to cite them all. I also wanted to keep the focus pretty narrow and well-defined. There is a lot of similar info available for the obesity issue, but nothing that sheds new light. The other uses were confined to one or two sources at best. Jakes27s (talk) 00:57, 16 October 2018 (UTC)

"Covid-19 Pandemic" section is unsourced and lacks NPOV
As above, the section on the Covid-19 has no references or sources, and the tone doesn't seem very encyclopedic.

The difference between it and the other sections is telling: they all have at least one reference and further hyperlinks.

Frankly, I'd rather be bold and scrub the section entirely unless it was rewritten with a much better, properly sourced and referenced, neutral point of view (if this has been argued for and against by people, it's worth noting as an albeit controversial example).

However, as it's important to get consensus... What do y'all think?

Re-reference/re-source the section, re-do the section so it's up to Wikipedia standards, or remove it entirely (perhaps just for now until a more relevant version can be made)?

2A02:8109:8300:C50:59E8:FC79:57C2:A207 (talk) — Preceding undated comment added 12:29, 20 December 2021 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Creeping normality


text:
Dark Seed (video game)

Dark Seed is a psychological horror point-and-click adventure game developed and published by Cyberdreams in 1992. It exhibits a normal world and a dark world counterpart, which is based on artwork by H. R. Giger. It was one of the first point-and-click adventure games to use high-resolution (640 × 350 pixels) graphics, to Giger's demand. A sequel, Dark Seed II, was released in 1995.

Plot
Mike Dawson is a successful advertising executive and writer who has recently bought an old mansion on Ventura Drive (named after Ventura Boulevard) in the small town of Woodland Hills. On his first night at the house, Mike has a nightmare about being imprisoned by a machine that shoots an alien embryo into his brain. He wakes up with a large headache and, after taking a painkiller and a shower, explores the mansion. He finds clues about the previous owner's death, which reveal the existence of a parallel universe called the Dark World ruled by sinister aliens called the Ancients.

On the second day, he travels to that universe through the living room mirror and meets the Keeper of the Scrolls, a friendly darkworlder. She tells him that the nightmare he had on his first night was real and warns him that if the embryo—the eponymous Dark Seed—is born, it will kill him and all of humanity. The only way to stop this, she says, is to destroy the Ancients' Power Source.

On the third and final day, Mike executes an elaborate plan that culminates with the Ancient ship's departure on the Dark World, depriving them of their power source, and the destruction of the living room mirror, sealing the Ancients out of the Normal World. The game ends with the town librarian visiting Mike and telling him she found some pills in her purse prescribed to Mike, although she does not understand how they got there. The medication will presumably kill the embryo inside his head. A morphing animation reveals that, unbeknownst to the librarian, she is the Keeper of the Scrolls' counterpart. Mike then states that he is just beginning to understand. The ending then shows that the old mansion has been put up for sale.

Gameplay
Unlike most point-and-click adventure games, which give the player time to explore, many actions in Dark Seed must occur within precise time limits, or the game will end up in an unwinnable state. As a result of this, one must start over repeatedly to win without resorting to a walkthrough. Amiga Format, in its review, stated with regards to Dark Seed's gameplay: "Too many things in the game need to be done within a specific time, or in a certain order, and you don't necessarily know when you've passed that 'critical point' after which you're fighting a lost cause. As a result, you often have to play the game several times over, going through scenes you've seen countless times before".

The player has three real time hours within which they must complete the game, which is the equivalent of three in-game days. Time can also be passed by using the in-game wait function, and the time can be checked by looking at Dawson's watch, or by inspecting the grandfather clock in the house. At the end of each day, Dawson goes to sleep and upon going to bed, each night he has a nightmare of the Dark World. Dawson automatically goes to sleep at ten P.M. each night, regardless of where the player is. If it becomes night while Dawson is in the Dark World, he will fall asleep and die, resulting in a game over. Dawson is able to access the Dark World on day two upon receiving a piece of a mirror in the mail and re-assembling it with the rest of the mirror, creating a portal to the Dark World. Every room, person and object in the normal world has a Dark World equivalent and this is often necessary for puzzle solving.

When interacting with objects, the options available to the player include look/inquire, touch/manipulate, and move, denoted by a "?", a hand, and four arrows pointing inwards respectively. Looking at an object and manipulating an object are context-sensitive: the "?" becomes a "!" when the cursor is over items or areas of interest and the hand icon points upwards when the cursor is over items that can be picked up or manipulated.

Production
When Cyberdreams approached H. R. Giger about providing artwork for a video game, the artist disliked the proposed use of VGA Mode 13h's 320 by 200 graphics and demanded higher resolution, calling lower resolution "square and jagged". The developers agreed to use 640 by 350 mode instead, although doing so reduced the palette from 256 to 16 colors. Cyberdreams received access to almost all of Giger's artwork. Some of the work selected for use in Dark Seed includes: "N.Y. City III", "Hommage a Bocklin", and "Li II". "Li II" is featured on the cover, box and manual art.

Developers used an Epson flatbed scanner to import selected body parts and landscape fragments in monochrome, then with Deluxe Paint II Enhanced for MS-DOS assembled them into single images. An Amiga and an S-VHS camera digitized actors' poses that Cyberdreams further edited on PCs. After the company decided that the images were inadequate late in the development process, developers hand colored the art for six more months. The main character, Mike Dawson, is named after the game's designer and producer. He also lent his appearance to the character's sprite.

Ports
The original game was released for MS-DOS first, then Amiga, Amiga CD32, Macintosh, Sega Saturn and PlayStation. The Amiga CD32 version includes narration for Mike Dawson's dialogue, voiced by Mike Dawson, which is left unvoiced in other versions. The PlayStation and Saturn versions were released only in Japan, but these console versions are not dubbed in Japanese, only subtitled, making the game's story still accessible to English speakers. The Saturn version is also compatible with the Sega Saturn Mouse.

There was also a version developed for the Sega CD and even promoted for American release, but publisher Vic Tokai never released it. An unlicensed version was released for the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) in Chinese, but an English translated ROM is currently being worked on by a small nonprofit team.

Reception
Computer Gaming World called Dark Seed in 1992 "the most integrated and effective feel for a horror adventure yet" but criticized the unforgiving real-time gameplay that often caused unwinnable situations, hard-to-find on-screen puzzle elements, and an overly abrupt ending, stating that "the interactive elements are so poorly implemented that they nearly destroy the effect" of the graphics and sound. The magazine nonetheless concluded that the game "hint[s] at tremendous potential" and hoped that Cyberdreams' future games would be "not only beautiful, but fun to play". QuestBusters recommended the game to fans of the Alien films and Accolade's Elvira games. The reviewer wrote: "The graphics are impressive, the atmosphere gripping, but for me the staying power was the story and wondering what was going to happen next", and concluded: "I didn't think it was the best thing out this year, but I certainly would have missed out if I'd passed it by. Give it a shot". The game was reviewed in 1992 in Dragon #188 by Hartley, Patricia, and Kirk Lesser in "The Role of Computers" column. The reviewers gave the game 3 out of 5 stars.

Amiga Format gave the Amiga version of Dark Seed an overall score of 72%, praising the use of Giger's artwork and "stunningly spooky" graphics, calling it "the nearest thing you could have to a software nightmare", but criticizes its strict timeframe, and refers to Dark Seed's gameplay as "its weakest element". The One gave the Amiga version of Dark Seed an overall score of 80%, praising its "well-designed" controls, and states that "The premise isn't a particularly original one, but good sci-fi is all about ideas and Darkseed has plenty of them, most of which are used to good effect game-wise - I particularly like the way the real and alien worlds mirror each other". The One also praises the music and graphics, expressing that the game "creates a strong atmosphere, with some superb music ... Giger's artwork adds greatly to the claustophobic tension". They criticize the amount of time it takes to get to different locations, calling it "tedious", as well as the "rigorous" time limit, stating that "in Darkseed it sometimes feels like you're playing to a timetable and if you're not in the right place at the right time, a vital clue or character may be lost forever".

Next Generation gave the Sega CD version (which was ultimately never released) three out of five stars, describing it as "a perfect example of graphic-adventure-as-nightmare ... Half of the game's appeal lies in the bizarre and frightening hallucinations suffered by the hero (or maybe they aren't hallucinations...). We recommend checking it out". Famicom Tsūshin scored the Sega Saturn version of the game a 24 out of 40.

In 1993, the game received a Codie award from the Software Publishers Association for Best Fantasy Role-Playing/Adventure.

Dark Seed was a nominee for Computer Games Strategy Plus's 1992 "Best Adventure" award, which ultimately went to The Lost Files of Sherlock Holmes: The Case of the Serrated Scalpel. The magazine's Theo Clarke wrote: "The strength of this game lies in its atmosphere, but my pleasure was diminished by the use of a master diskette at the security device".

Legacy
In 2006, GameTrailers named Dark Seed the seventh scariest game of all time, ranking it above Clock Tower, System Shock 2, and Eternal Darkness: Sanity's Requiem.

An urban legend spread that the intense pressure of designing the game gave lead designer Mike Dawson a mental breakdown. However, he actually left the games industry after completing Dark Seed and moved into television writing (including some episodes of Family Matters) until the late 1990s, wrote four books on programming (including Beginning C++ Game Programming and Python Programming for the Absolute Beginner) and is teaching game design and programming classes at Stanford University and UCLA.

title: Dark Seed (video game)


text:
Kleitomachos (athlete)

Kleitomachos (Greek: Κλειτόμαχος, variously also transliterated Cleitomachus or Clitomachus) was a Theban athlete considered a formidable boxer. His achievements were recounted by Pausanias, who notes that he won the pankration and boxing at the 141st and 140th Olympiad in 216 and 212BC respectively, the pankration at three Pythian Games, and the wrestling, boxing, and pankration at an Isthmian Games all on the same day. This latter achievement, victory in all three so-called "downing" events, was regarded as especially impressive, and was only achieved by one other athlete (Theagenes of Thasos). Centuries later, Aelian praised Kleitomachos for his temperance, holding it to be the key to his athletic prowess. In particular, he noted Kleitomachos' abstinence from sex, saying that he would even avert his eyes if he saw two dogs coupling.

title: Kleitomachos (athlete)


text:
Talk:Rapid Deployment Joint Task Force

Untitled
For a May 2005 deletion debate over this page se Votes for deletion/Rapid Deployment Forces

Move to USRDF
I think this article should be retitled United States Rapid Deployment Forces. Risk of confusion with other RDF's. --Vuo 14:21, 18 September 2006 (UTC)
 * I don't agree. We were "The RDJTF". And I don't know where we hid 11,000 troops in the 7th MAB at 29 Palms; in one Tank Bn(-)(reinforced); three IN BNs and an Arty BN(-).  I guess the wingers and FSSG guys had a monster contingent. Meyerj (talk) 12:16, 22 March 2012 (UTC)

Relationship between RDJTF and JSOC
In the book Rogue Warrior by Dick Marcinko it mentions a "Joint Task Force" (JTF) that was established established by Defence Secretary Harold Brown that was created that was the first step to how SEAL Team Six was created.

My questions are:

Is the RDJTF and the Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC) the same type of command or are they totally different?

Did the RDJTF develop into JSOC?

It mentions that the RDJTF was created in March 1980 and the Joint Special Operations Command was created in December 1980

Any info would be greatful

Thanks — Preceding unsigned comment added by Mikec62001 (talk • contribs) 14:56, 22 February 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Rapid Deployment Joint Task Force


text:
User:The stuart/The Secret History of Wikipedia

On occasion I stumble across confrontations on wikipedia that I find really intresting. Soes I cut and paste them here. I called this project "Secret history of Wikipedia" because the first one I found was this first excerpt a user wrote on his user page in 2002 about how wikipedia is doomed. All of his prediction have been completely wrong by the way. I felt like it was historical because it was old, and sercret because you had to dig back in his hitory to find it. Anyway, enjoy

On 20 Nov 2002, 02:45 (Wikipedia time) User:TMC updated his user page:

I believe Wikipedia is doomed to uselessness at best or failure at worst. This is not the same as saying that I have ill wishes for Wikipedia, simply that I am pessimistic about the future. Despite this, I hope to make useful contributions to Wikipedia as I can.

It is my opinion that there are three attributes that are necessary for any encyclopedia, including Wikipedia, to be useful.

1. It must have a useful hierarchy of information. 2. It must have a useful flow of importance. 3. It must have a useful point of view.

Wikipedia has a constantly evolving hierarchy of information, flow of importance, and point of view. I don't believe, as it exists at this moment in time, that Wikipedia expresses these attributes in a useful form. I unsure whether I believe Wikipedia can evolve to the point where it does possess all these attributes in a useful form.

A good digression at this point would be to clarify what it is for an enclopedia to be useful, or more specifically, who it is that an encylopedia should be useful to. Clearly there are currently a large number of people who have made contributions to Wikipedia, so it could be said that these people found it useful to make their contributions. But that is like saying that a book is useful merely because the author enjoyed writing it, and although that is true it misses the point of what Wikipedia is striving to be. Wikiepedia wants to be an encylopedia, which means that the usefulness of Wikipedia should be measured by how much utility it provides to the encylopedia.

User_talk:Joshuapaquin/List_of_interesting_Google_Maps_satellite_images

 * Do the original contributors still get credit for adding all these on the original page? -- Riffsyphon1024 16:35, Jun 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Hadn't really thought of that. I don't know.  If you added some of the images and want to put your name in, go right ahead - I have no objection. -Joshuapaquin 04:19, Jun 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Well that would look just tacky wouldn't it? -- Riffsyphon1024 15:22, Jun 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * I suppose it would, but I don't have another solution right now. -Joshuapaquin 20:39, Jun 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Since when was open source creative commons Wikipedia about giving credit to contributors?!?!?!--The_stuart 23:01, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Heh. Good point.  So here's my thought:  Do whatever you want.  -Joshuapaquin 04:59, Jun 25, 2005 (UTC)

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. Redwolf24 03:20, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

List of notable people who have been stung by jellyfish
Reason? 'Cos its bloody silly. A high proportion of people have been stung by a jelly fish at sometime. What is the point in this? The article promises that wasp stings are next ... joy! (Can't wait for nettles)--Doc (?) 15:25, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Sting to death unmaintianable, and pointless even if maintained. ARRGH!! DES 15:31, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete — nn — RJH 15:46, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Crush by walrus. android  79  15:59, July 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * Ow! Delete DJ Clayworth 16:25, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * My sister's friend was stung by a jellyfish last week. Unless dhe gets added, delete. - ulayiti (talk)  17:37, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, quite a nice idea for an article! :D james gibbon  18:31, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Pointless doesn't even begin to describe this one. 23skidoo 18:32, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Crush by jellyfish. humblefool® 18:33, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete ..w..t...f... K1Bond007 19:10, July 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * Oh yeah? My sister was once bitten by a møøse.  Delete. TenOfAllTrades(talk) 21:41, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * We apologise for the fault in the article. Those responsible have been sacked. android  79  21:48, July 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * Møøse bites can be quite serious, you know.--Scimitar parley 14:39, 29 July 2005 (UTC)
 * As much as I'd like to keep this, it's unjustifiable; impossible to verify, impossible to maintain, too wide, etc. If there have been any particularly notable jellyfish stingings I'd like to see them added to jellyfish, but as for this list: delete. Flowerparty talk 22:13, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. No one becomes any more notable for being stung by a jellyfish.   — J I P | Talk 07:55, 29 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Of course, we might want List of jellyfish who have stung notable people I suppose. :) DES 15:49, 29 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. --Scimitar parley 14:39, 29 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Theodore W. 14:41, 29 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete -- Longhair | Talk 23:52, 29 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete, Pavel Vozenilek 00:19, 30 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Doesn't meet any of WP:CSD, so can't be speedied. - ulayiti (talk)  00:51, 30 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Transwiki to Jellywiki, I mean, Merge with List of notable people who have had the common cold, I mean delete with prejudice. Now, premeditated jellyfish stings, that would be encyclopedic. Peter Grey 03:59, 30 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - (unless I get to be on the list...) - Tεx  τ  urε  17:27, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.

This entire article about a lipogram is written as a lipogram, omitting the letter "e".

Wright's book Gadsby: Champion of Youth is a 1939 work of fiction that puts forth an account of goings on in a fictitious city, "Branton Hills." It primarily has to do with a transformation, through youth's vigor, of this moribund and slothful community. John Gadsby, its protagonist—a man of fifty or so—calls upon his town's girls and boys to aid him in his plan to bring activity and vitality back to that vicinity.

This story of about 50,000 words is most famous as a notably ambitious lipogram, in that it painstakingly omits e|a most common glyph from all of its paragraphs. It is an inspiration to similar vanguard authors; books such as A Void follow in its tracks.

Plot summary
John Gadsby, a thoughtful and forward-thinking man, finds with alarm that his town of Branton Hills is stagnant, sinking into sloth. His solution is to look to his city's young and form an "Organization of Youth" so as to spur transformation and twist local capitalists' arms to fund institutions such as a library, a park, and a bandstand. Against occasional opposition (such as from grumpy councilman Old Bill Simpkins), our protagonist and his youthful army transform Branton Hills from a stagnant municipality into a bustling, thriving city. To honor such hard work, Gadby's gang gain diplomas and a grand show is put on for all.

Thrust onward by a can-do spirit, this organization campaigns for original civic construction, and Gadsby soon gains a post as mayor.

If youth, throughout all history, had a champion to stand up for it; to show a doubting world that a child can think; and, possibly, do it practically; you wouldn't constantly run across folks today who claim that "a child don't know anything." A child's brain starts functioning at birth; and has, amongst its many infant convolutions, thousands of dormant atoms, into which God has put a mystic possibility for noticing an adult's act, and figuring out its purport.

An anonymous narrator, who continuously complains about his own poor writing and circumlocution, is actually Wright, a Californian from Boston. This is shown with his allusion to Wright's own nonlipogrammatic introduction:

(Now, naturally, in writing such a story as this, with its conditions as laid down in its Introduction, it is not surprising that an occasional "rough spot" in composition is found. So I trust that a critical public will hold constantly in mind that I am voluntarily avoiding words containing that symbol which is, by far, of most common inclusion in writing our Anglo-Saxon as it is, today. Many of our most common words cannot show; so I must adopt synonyms; and so twist a thought around as to say what I wish with as much clarity as I can.) So, now to go on with this odd contraption ....

Wright calls his book a rollicking story of courtship and patriotism, a stand against liquor, and a portrayal of amusing political aspirations in a small growing town (Gadsby, introduction). Its chronology starts around 1906, passing through First World War days and continuing up into Prohibition and Harding's administration.

Individuals
Gadsby portrays Branton Hills' many inhabitants. This fictional city has a population that grows to about sixty thousand. Many individuals in this story marry during its narration—and usually quickly, "thanks to rascally 'Dan Cupid'".

 * John Gadsby: a family man and "loyal churchman" of "around fifty," with four kids (two boys, two girls). Our protagonist it is who forms an "Organization of Youth" to aid his stagnating town of Branton Hills.

 * Julius (natural historian) and Mary Antor Gadsby (Salvation Army girl)
 * William "Bill" (tailor) and Lucy Donaldson Gadsby (trio vocalist)
 * Addison Gadsby (baby)
 * Frank and Nancy Gadsby Morgan (radio station staff)
 * Lillian Morgan (child)
 * John "Johnny" (organist) and Kathlyn "Kathy" Gadsby Smith (biologist)
 * Councilman and Madam Antor (drunkards)
 * Norman Antor (youth coach)
 * Tom Donaldson (patrolman)
 * Tom Young (councilman)
 * Paul (odd jobs man) and Sarah Young Johnson (night school solicitor)
 * Bill (grouchy councilman) and Nina Adams Simpkins (widow of Irving Adams)
 * Harold (aviator) and Virginia Adams Thompson (trio vocalist)
 * Patricia Thompson (baby)
 * Lady Sally Standish (rich animal rights activist)
 * Arthur "Art" (soapbox orator) and Priscilla Standish Rankin (night school solicitor)
 * Anna (Arthur's aunt) and four orphan Rankins (Arthur's siblings)
 * Parson Brown (pastor)
 * Tom Wilkins (doctor)
 * Clancy and Dowd (night patrol)
 * Old Man Flanagan and Old Lady Flanagan (Irish townsfolk)
 * Marian Hopkins (funds solicitor)
 * Pat Ryan (railwayman)
 * Councilman Banks (councilman)
 * Allan Banks (funds solicitor)
 * Tony Bandamita (Italian councilman)
 * Doris Johnson (trio vocalist)
 * Mayor Brown (prior mayor)
 * Miss Chapman (cook)
 * Mary (girl with puppy)
 * Harry Grant (highway patrolman)
 * John Allison, Dorothy Fitts, Cora Grant, John Hamilton, Oscar Knott, William Snow, Abigail Worthington (additional youths)

Branton Hills's radio station is KBH, from trans-Mississippi radio call sign "K", plus "Branton Hills". Broadway, a main highway, is in its financial district.

Lipogrammatic quality
Gadsby is famous (if not notorious) for its particular innovation: for all its 50,110 words, it is a long lipogram, a composition avoiding a particular glyph throughout. A lipogram is a form of artistic constraint that arbitrarily limits an author's vocabulary. A typical short lipogram is Carroll Bombaugh's "Bold Ostrogoths, of ghosts no horror show. On London shop-fronts no hop-blossoms grow", which contains only typographic consonants and "o"'s. Gadsby, by contrast, skips from "d" to "f" in its subvocabulary of around 4,000 valid words, thus omitting a symbol ubiquitous to Anglic-family idioms.

Notwithstanding this artistic constraint, Wright's narration is fully grammatical and lucid, though still conforming to orthographic norms. His introduction holds that his primary difficulty was avoiding typical suffixation for past actions; ablauts, modal auxiliary forms, and a short list of participials accomplish that function in Gadsby. Scarcity of vocabulary also drastically limits discussion of quantity, and availability of pronouns and many common words; Wright dryly broods about his inability to count from six to thirty (Gadsby, introduction). Word Ways, a linguistics journal, says that Wright's vocabulary could contain fully half of W. Francis's Brown Corpus, a computational analysis that lists common words; a lipogram with tight constraints, by comparison, would allow only a sixth of such a list.

At upwards of fifty thousand words, Wright's book allows short forms on occasion, but, as its introduction points out, only if a full form is similarly lipogrammatic, as with "Dr.", "P.S.", and "T.N.T." (trinitrotoluol). This standard holds for common contractions, including "ain't" (is not), "atta" (that a), and "dunno" (do not know); and for non-standard forms by an Irishwoman ("shmokin'" for "smoking"), an Italian ("buncha" for "bunch of"), and a young vagrant ("brung" for "brought"). Wright's subvocabulary also contains such long words as "dissatisfaction", "hospitalization", or "philosophically". Wright turns famous sayings into lipogrammatic form, such as "Music truly hath charms to calm a wild bosom", and "A charming thing is a joy always".

Composition and publication
"Author Wright is a kindly, vivacious chap in Company D at National Military Barracks .... A World war musician, Wright's hobby always was to do unusual things. Alumnus of a famous Boston campus class ... Wright's classical foundation is thorough" (Walt Burton). Wright said his motivation for writing Gadsby was his noticing a four-stanza lipogram in print that had won significant acclamation (author now unknown), and his chafing balkily at claims that such a composition could not flow smoothly in styling and grammar. In initial drafts, Frank Morgan was originally cast as "Bob": "First 'Bob' was Wright's romantic swain, but a kibitzing companion said Bob was short for a word containing a taboo symbol, so it is 'Frank' now, not Bob". Wright found it "particularly annoying" that "almost through a long paragraph you can find no words ... and must go way back and start" from scratch, as if "stuck" in a hand of cards. Starting his manuscript in longhand, Wright brought it to fruition through manual typing—but "blacking" (Indy), or tying down, a solitary typing bar with string, so as to forbid nonlipogrammatic words that "might slip in ... and many did try to do so" (Gadsby, introduction).

In fall of 1930, Wright was living not far from Tampa, Florida, and told a local columnist about his work so far in producing an initial lipogrammatic draft story. By his own account, Wright had in hand at that point a long, grammatical, flowing story, without any abnormally short phrasing or implicit missing idioms; Wright did not wish to show his manuscript around, but had told his story to a handful of fans, for whom it was without rival in its bulk and in its clarity of lipogrammatic composition. Wright thought that his local daily might want to sponsor a lipogram showdown by proposing a 250-dollar award ("if you think you can outdo ... a man of 60"), thus jump-starting lipogrammatic construction and possibly inspiring thousands to try such a writing constraint. (In fact, only at that dollar amount was Wright willing to risk his own story, worrying vocally about "[losing] all control of it and it is worth fully that.") But Indy staff said "that it was hardly worth" fronting a high capital award for such a poor opportunity, and did not follow through on his proposal, anticipating a scarcity of rival contributions.

From starting his final draft of Gadsby: Champion of Youth in 1936 during almost six months at a California military nursing facility (Walt Burton), Wright took thirty months locating a publishing firm. Finally choosing vanity publication, Wright saw his manuscript into its first run of author drafts. Rumors of his dying within hours of his book's publication lack much support, as a print copy is known with an August inscription, two months prior to Wright's passing away. Gadsby was his fourth and final book. Tragically, most by far of its printing run was lost in a printing-plant conflagration; a public library microform's proof copy informs most printings today (Amazon.com softback). Accordingly, an original hardback is today worth up to four thousand dollars.

Criticism and acclaim
Upon this book's publication, critics said, "It is amazingly smooth. No halting parts. A continuity of plot and almost classic clarity obtains", and, "On and on it flows. No shortcuts of words on phrasing is found, which in full would contain taboo symbols". But commonly, its plot was found "languorous" and its quality both "lofty ('It is an odd kink of humanity which cannot find any valuation in spots of natural glory') and rambunctious ('Books!! Pooh! Maps! BAH!!')". With authors awarding Jay Gatsby honors as most famous fictional individual (Book 2002, in ), journalists jokingly brought up Wright's circumlocutory stylings. "Lipogram aficionados—folks who lash words and (alas!) brains so as to omit particular symbols—did in fact gasp, saying, 'Hold that ringing communication tool for a bit! What about J. Gadsby?'" said a typical column. David Crystal, host of a BBC Radio 4 linguistics program, found Gadsby comparing favorably to "Cat in a Hat", calling it a "most ambitious work", painting a social portrait contrasting starkly with that of its famous inspiration, Gatsby.

La Disparition (in translation, A Void) is a similarly lipogrammatic book, arguably taking inspiration from Gadsby. "Possibly in honour of Gadsby it was also 50,000 words". Its author was drawn to Wright's book via a pal of his in Oulipo, a multinational wordplay organization. Still, Wright was also a warning for his Gallic imitator: publication of such a work "was taking a risk" of finishing up "with nothing [but] a Gadsby", that is, a book of no fascination to critics. As a nod to Wright, La Disparation contains an Oxford don and Auctor Honoris Causa known as "Lord Gadsby V. Wright", a "grand anglais savant" and tutor to protagonist Anton Voyl, or Vowl; a composition of Voyl's is actually a quotation from Gadsby. In addition to La Disparition ' s author, aspiring lipogrammatists still point to Gadsby as an inspiration today. A thick work about Marot and linguistic music contains significant parts of Gadsby, for illustration; its author, writing "occasionally lipogrammatically", also now has a thousand-word "autolipography", or lipogrammatic autobiography, put into publication by Stanford.

=
Kid in Bed is a logo used for DiC_Entertainment from 1987 to 2001, though it has also been used since 2003. The logo is nicknamed "Kid in Bed" because it starts with a boy and his dog asleep in bed with a Window above. The kid in the bed was played (but not voiced) by Anthony Aronowitz.

Summary of the logo
After starting with a boy and his dog asleep in bed, the camera pans towards the window above where the kid is sleeping. Outside the window, a spiked-shaped star appears. The star morphs into a ball, and the silver, 3-D word "DIC" zooms in and rotates 90º below to face the viewer. The ball is the dot in the letter "i" in "DiC". Then, a kid says the company name, though one variation had no voiceover.

Versions
Versions of the DiC "Kid in Bed" logo:

 * 1987-1990: This version had a spooky-sounding, fading synthesized tune, a basic starfield, and a voiceover. **One variation of this version used had the same tune, starfield, and voiceover, but was sped up. **Another variation had the same tune and starfield, and was also sped up, but did not have a voiceover. **An extremely rare variation of this version has the same tune and starfield, but the voiceover was replaced with a choir singing "DIC". This variation was often seen at the end of The_Real_Ghostbusters.

 * 1990-1999: This version had a new dreamy tune, a more spiffy-looking starfield, and a new voiceover kid. **One variation of this new version had the same music, starfield, and voiceover, but was sped-up. **Another variation of this version, seen between 1991 and 1994, also had the same music, starfield, and voiceover, and a speed-up, but below the "DiC" logo is a byline reading "In Association with RETITALIA s.p.a. and TELECINCO".

 * 1999-2001: A new version with a new dreamy tune, the same starfield as the 1990-1999 version, and a new voiceover kid.

 * 2003-present: While this new version has the same music and voiceover as the 1999-2001 version, the silver DIC logo does not appear. Instead, a globe with the words "The Incredible World of DIC" (which replaced the Kid in Bed logo in 2001) appears, with light rays shining behind it. The light rays flash after the globe stops. Another difference from the 1990-1999 and 1999-2001 versions is that this version has a new, rotating 2D starfield.

Criticism
To date, the Kid in Bed logo has been considered one of the scariest closing logos of a television production company, ranking along with Viacom's V of Doom and Screen Gems' S_from_Hell logos of the late 1960s and 1970s, which were notorious for giving younger audiences, primarily toddler-aged children, nightmares. This, for the most part, is due to the darkness of the logo, the creepy fading synth music as well as the sudden appearance of the silver "DiC" in a virtually starless nightsky. However, the very fact that this was a production logo for a popular cartoon producer whose target audience was young children under the age of eleven only made matters worse. In some circumstances the sudden appearance of the logo only exacerbates the spooky nature of this logo. An example of this can be found in several syndicated episodes of the animated Dennis_the_Menace series where the logo appears immediately after the credits, as opposed to the traditional Fade-to-black, along with the use of the creepy music. The logo's scare factor only slightly decreased after 1990, when it was given a makeover; the music was replaced with a more tolerable jingle, and more stars were added to the night sky, making the "Kid in Bed" less creepy to look at, let alone listen to.

Current use of the logo
The logo, especially with the fading synth music, has long departed the airwaves, as most DIC-produced shows now have the current "Incredible world of DIC" logo plastered. However, the Kid in Bed, in all forms, has been found on several DIC-produced cartoons which can be viewed on the Yahooligans! web portal, such as The_Super_Mario_Bros._Super_Show and The_Legend_of_Zelda, as well as on video and some DVDs.

External Link

 * DiC Nightmare This 3 minute, 45 second long online video has a number of closing logos on it. The Kid in Bed are the first two (the 1st is the dreamy tune used from 1990-1990 & the second with the creepy faded music). Category:DiC_Entertainment


text:
Big Mac (disambiguation)

A Big Mac is a hamburger from the fast food chain McDonald's.

Big Mac may also refer to:

People

 * Big Mac (nickname), a list of people with the nickname

Fictional entities

 * Big Mac (Casualty), a character from the UK medical drama Casualty
 * Big Mac (McDonald's character), an advertising character from the fictional McDonaldland world
 * Big Mac (TUGS), a character from the children's television series TUGS
 * Big Macintosh or Big Mac, a recurring character in the cartoon series My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic

Other arts, entertainment, and media

 * Big Mac (computer game), a series on the Commodore 64 platform
 * "Big Mac" (M*A*S*H), an episode of the TV series M*A*S*H
 * The Baseball Encyclopedia, also known as The MacMillan Baseball Encyclopedia or Big Mac, a 1969 reference work

Computing and technology

 * Big Mac (supercomputer), a supercomputer created by Virginia Tech in 2003
 * Big Media Access Control, a 100 Mbit Ethernet adapter used in Sun Microsystems workstations and servers

Structures

 * Daniel Carter Beard Bridge, a span crossing the Ohio River, U.S.
 * Mackinac Bridge, a span connecting the peninsulas of Michigan, U.S.
 * McNichols Sports Arena, an indoor facility in Denver, Colorado, U.S.
 * Oklahoma State Penitentiary, a prison in McAlester, Oklahoma, U.S.

Other uses

 * Big Mac Index
 * McMillan TAC-50 sniper rifle
 * Municipal Assistance Corporation, which dealt with the New York City fiscal crisis of the 1970s
 * USS McCaffery (DD-860), a US Navy destroyer nicknamed "Big Mac"

title: Big Mac (disambiguation)


text:
Talk:The Farmer in the Dell

Why
Why does the cow take the dog? What is a cow going to do with a dog? The rest of the choices make sense, but this one baffles me.

What is the dell?

I would also like to know what is the dell?

 * It appears to already be on Wikipedia: Dell (landform) Mscudder 22:43, 7 November 2005 (UTC)

If the cheese is taken by the rat, how can it be standing alone? --Nuffle 15:01, 15 February 2006 (UTC)

 * The article's description does not match my single experience as a 5-year-old in 1957. After each child took an additional child in, the taking child exited the middle and rejoined the circle, so the circle always remained.  Then the cheese is alone in the middle (with no one lower in the hierarchy to take).  The present description implies that you can have 8 children "inside" a "circle" of 1 or 2 children, which seems an unlikely way to do it.  (And, as you said, the cheese isn't alone, unless they leave the cheese out as a circle of one and there happens to be exactly the right number of children.)  --DanwWiki2 (talk) 17:58, 10 January 2008 (UTC)

What is the significance of the cheese standing alone? Does it have any kind of meaning? I hadn't thought about this song in years, but I just started singing "The cheese stands alone" in my head and it's bothering me! Jhayes94 23:21, 29 March 2007 (UTC)

Why? Missing verses! After the rat takes the cheese (with all of those characters in the middle of the circle), the next verse is "the Farmer runs away" (leaves the center of the circle, and breaks through the circle to stand outside it), followed by "the wife runs away", "the child runs away", and so on. Note that with the exception of the farmer, all of the characters were TAKEN in, so no self-locomotion needed to be assumed. The cheese, having no legs, cannot "run away"; therefore, it "stands alone".

194.106.43.222 (talk) 09:09, 3 October 2009 (UTC)When I played this game as a child in Lanarkshire, Scotland in the 1950s we sang 'Hey Ho my Daddy-o' in place of 'Ee, I, addio'(Jim Scott).

Circle Game Plagarism?
The circle game paragraph appears to be from: http://www.niehs.nih.gov/kids/lyrics/farmer.htm. I think it should be deleted, or at least cited properly. --BekiB 20:28, 20 November 2006 (UTC)

Quite Enough Vandalism, Please.
Please stop vandalizing this page. It is not really that funny and other people will have to clean up after your mess. Thanks. 69.61.203.194 (talk) 19:45, 11 December 2007 (UTC)

Dell or Dale
Why is the title "Farmer in the Dell", while throughout the article it's "in the Dale"? On Google hits, "Farmer in the Dell" beats "Farmer in the Dale" by about 350:1 Rojomoke (talk) 08:44, 14 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Surely the line should be, “The farmer’s in the dell” with the “is”, rather than the less appropriate, “The farmer in the dell”? It also should be noted that the traditional British version seems to be “the farmer’s in his den”… Jock123 (talk) 18:54, 23 June 2015 (UTC)

Pop Culture
This was also referenced in the first episode of the 3rd season of The Big Bang Theory. 24.176.137.124 (talk) 20:58, 29 September 2009 (UTC)
 * and in the wire, first season, episode 5--91.97.80.218 (talk) 12:54, 30 March 2011 (UTC)

Just heard this on television
On Saturday morning, December 5, 2009 on the Turner Classic Movie Channel (TCM), the last few minutes of a showing had children in the middle of the street in New York singing this song, dancing in a circle around one child. I was taken aback because I thought I heard the children singing "The Farmer kills the wife"; "The wife kills the child", and so on. This might be what they were singing, or I might have heard it wrong. It very well could be what they were singing, since the movie involves a man murdering his wife when he catches her in an adulterous act with the milkman.

I came here to find the lyrics of the song, as I do not remember singing it that way as a child. I think we used "The farmer takes a wife" and so forth. I grew up in Virginia, born in 1960. As a child, this is one of the games that we played in a skipping around circle with one child in the center. I also believe that we would trade out the middle child with each verse. There were six kids in my family, and lots of neighborhood children who would gather daily, as we would entertain ourselves with skip rope jingles, string games, jacks, hand clapping songs and team games. We were very familiar with Mother Goose nursery rhymes; silly tricks and practical jokes were common amongst us.

I went to Turner Classic Movie's website, and found the title of that movie to be "Street Scene". A synopsis of the movie can be found online at http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title.jsp?stid=91708. This webpage indicates that this movie is not yet available on home video; perhaps it could still be considered a viable documentation source.

I hope you found this interesting to consider. RiverWader (talk) 16:31, 5 December 2009 (UTC)

Wedding tradition
There's nothing here about the origins of the wedding tradition of the bride and groom feeding each other wedding cake while the guests sing a verse of this song using the lyrics "the bride/groom feeds the groom/bride." Does anyone know about this?76.210.251.172 (talk) 06:44, 4 March 2011 (UTC)

"Derry-o"?
I learned it as "Hie-Ho, the Merry-O".

Could have been changed to "Dairy-O"? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.95.43.249 (talk) 00:48, 1 March 2018 (UTC)

 * Have also heard "Hie-Ho, the Merry-O". Also "Hie-Ho, the Cherry-O"!  (talk) 19:22, 3 November 2020 (UTC)

Farmer in the Dell.
Movie. ‘Street Scene’. 1931 The farmer kills the wife. The wife kills the child. The child kills the nurse. The nurse kills The dog. Hi Ho the derry-o. Is this the original version ? 2600:1017:B12B:17E2:E854:8C30:89FA:665 (talk) 05:19, 25 November 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Farmer in the Dell


text:
Category talk:College sports rivalries

Globalize the article
Hi, I noticed the new change to the initial wording saying that it is for U.S. colleges only. I'm not in favor of that. While this category does happen to only have U.S. college football rivalry games at this moment, there is no reason for it to be restricted to U.S. In fact the participants in the WikiProject Countering systemic bias project would probably be against it.

The alternative is probably less palatable, that is, to rename the category to "United States college rivalry games" (or the same with football added).

I'm aware of current pages for two U.K rivalry games that could go here, namely the Boat Race and The Varsity Match. Brholden 02:33, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC) (tweaked twice)

I'd generally agree; the 'contents' should not be restricted arbitrarily beyond that indicated by the category title. No strong opinion on which should be changed to match the other. Alai 17:44, 11 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I'd actually support narrowing this category's name to something like "College Football Rivalries" or something along those lines seeing as that is all that is currently here.Gateman1997 06:37, 6 January 2006 (UTC)

There seems to be a general consensus to remove "U.S.", so I will remove this. Brholden 02:59, 28 February 2006 (UTC)

Specific rivalries

 * The BU-BC hockey rivalry is included. Jake 07:55, 18 January 2006 (UTC)

UNC vs. Duke (the Carlyle Cup)
Why isn't this, of course in my opinion one of the more publicized (especially nationally), rivalry not listed here? I'll try to find the time to create the article on it sometime in the future.--droptone 00:08, 17 February 2006 (UTC)

How about reorganizing this section by sport?
I don't see much use in having Category:College rivalry trophies and Category:College rivalry games. In most cases, the trophy and game share the same name ... Commonwealth Cup for example ... splitting trophies from games just creates a lot of duplication. I would see, however, a benefit to splitting football, basketball, and other sports.

How about reorganizing the categories like this:

 * College sports rivalries
 * College football rivalries
 * College basketball rivalries
 * College hockey rivalries
 * Any other sports?

Thoughts? BigDT 05:23, 25 June 2006 (UTC)

There are at least twenty articles that are only about the trophies. If someone is focused on the trophies, we would do them a disservice by combining the trophy articles with the game articles. It is much better the way it is. Brholden 06:05, 25 June 2006 (UTC)

 * The problem is that so many articles are in both categories ... take a look at the horribly misnamed List of trophies awarded in U.S. college football ... I've been working on it ... I'm almost done with 1A ... it should be named something like List of rivalry games in NCAA football, I'm open to suggestions but I haven't come up with a name I really like yet. Anyway, very few games have separate rivalry and trophy articles.  Really, there isn't that much that you can say about the trophy apart from the rivalry and most of the ones that do have separate articles are just forks of each other where both articles partially duplicate the other. With so many articles in both categories, the separate categories don't really do too much. BigDT 12:30, 25 June 2006 (UTC)

 * (Great work on the table in List of trophies awarded in U.S. college football!)  I still think that the trophies deserve their own category.  Take for example the entries for the Stanford Axe, the Commander in Chief's Trophy, and the Fremont Cannon.  Each of these trophies has its own story as an object that is independent from the game itself.  The Stanford Axe has its history of intrigue; the Commander in Chief's Trophy has its presentations by the president; the Fremont Cannon has its connection to John Fremont.  It would be a disservice to these objects if there were not separate articles and categories for them. Brholden 19:45, 25 June 2006 (UTC)

Also, splitting by sport is OK, but several of the articles are about multi-sport rivalries such as the article about Utah-BYU rivalry. I guess that sort of article would need its own category Brholden 06:05, 25 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Ones like Utah-BYU that focus on the rivalry as a whole would go into College sports rivalries. There are a handful of other articles like that.

So how about something like this?

 * College sports rivalries
 * College football rivalries
 * College football rivalry games
 * College football rivalry trophies
 * College basketball rivalries
 * College basketball rivalry games
 * College basketball rivalry trophies
 * College hockey rivalries
 * Other sports?

BigDT 12:30, 25 June 2006 (UTC)
 * That could work - we might also be able to do without one of each of the pair of "rivalry" - "rivalry games" categories. Sometimes less is more.Brholden 19:45, 25 June 2006 (UTC)

So you're saying this, then?

 * College sports rivalries
 * College football rivalries
 * College football rivalry trophies
 * College basketball rivalries
 * College basketball rivalry trophies
 * College hockey rivalries
 * Other sports?

That sounds reasonable to me ... BigDT 05:43, 27 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Looks good - articles about rivalries in other sports like baseball, softball, wrestling, or lacrosse would start off in "College sports rivalries". Categories could then be added for these later as it made sense.Brholden 06:39, 27 June 2006 (UTC)
 * That sounds reasonable, although we may want to come back and reexamine it at some point. Any other thoughts or just do it?  Maybe wait until tonight in case anyone else wants to weigh in? BigDT 11:54, 27 June 2006 (UTC)

I have emptied Category:College rivalry games and recategorized everything in these categories. It was a total mess before ... it's only a halfway mess now ;) BigDT 05:11, 29 June 2006 (UTC)

title: Category talk:College sports rivalries


text:
Talk:Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh

Untitled

 * I have made some changes to improve the spelling, but this page really needs to be totally rewritten.

Origins of the Name Jaunpur
City of Jaunpur was founded by the Firuz Shah Tughluq of Tughlaq dynasty, In the begning it was called Firozabaad like many other cities founded by him but later it was changed to JaunPur; Jaun was the birth Name of Muhhamad Bin Tughluq. .Someone with insight into history of this region should confirm and update the article. Thanks --Rahulsahgal 18:37, 23 October 2006 (UTC)

Syed Mohammed Nawab
Following info is being inserted on the article page:

A well known person in the world, as a World Champion in (Non stop) Endurance Cycling 175 Hrs. record held in Ethiopia 1964, (Guinness Book of World record Edition 1964 to 1978 Paje2 21 Human Achievement)

Mr.Syed Mohammed Nawab also publish News paper TEESRI DUNIYA in the year 1980 another one News Paper "PUBLIC BOLTA HAI" a English weekly TABLOID HUMAN RIGHT CAUSES, Contested a election in 1982 from S/E Bombay on Congress (I) ticket, Mr. Syed Mohammed Nawab Nawab, Also President of so many social organization in Mumbai,
 * 1) SOCIETY FOR WELFARE & PROTECTION OF OVEARSEAS EMPLOYMENT (SWAPO)
 * 2) NATIONAL ACTION COMMITTEE FOR SOCIAL JUSTICE 	 (NACSO)
 * 3) MUSLIM WELKFARE TRUST FUND OF INDIA (MWTFI)
 * 4) RIGHT PATH OF ISLAM ASSOCIATION (R.P.I.Assn.)

Syed Mohammed Nawab born in Khawaja dost, Jaunpur, Nawab & family migrate to Purani Bazar. IN THE YEAR OF 1960.

-- Sayed Mohammad Faiz Haider t c s 10:49, 3 December 2009 (UTC)

Need of rewriting the whole article again
The content of the article has been damaged to such an extent that no more patch work can make things write.I am saying this becase

 * Non Standard material and language has been used.
 * Nither citation or references has been provided.

I am considering writing this article again. For next 15 days i will be open for discussion and after that process of rewriting the article might begin.

If you have any suggestions or want to collaborate on the article please talk with me.

Razredg (talk) 22:39, 21 March 2012 (UTC)

Population
German article says "170.000"---that's versus this article's 4.5 million. What the heck? That's a monumental discrepancy. (And what about that "Jaunchu, a milk based sweet delicacy is a popular dish in Jaunpur area of Uttar Pradesh"? Can't even find a picture for that on the net.)---178.199.97.81 (talk) 15:35, 5 November 2015 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 19:36, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

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Requested move 1 August 2021

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: not moved. (closed by non-admin page mover) Jack Frost (talk) 04:02, 5 September 2021 (UTC)

– I had originally placed this as an uncontroversial technical request, which was contested by User:Uanfala, who said that this was not uncontroversial and suggested a conventional RM instead. They are most certainly right, so I'm proposing this RM so that people can discuss it and determine what's best.
 * Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh → Jaunpur
 * Jaunpur → Jaunpur (disambiguation)

Here was my original reasoning: "The city is the clear primary topic for the name 'Jaunpur', which is currently a disambiguation page: Jaunpur district and Jaunpur Sultanate are both named after the city, while Jaunpur, Uttarakhand is currently a redlink."

Uanfala also presented the following counterargument: "As for Jaunpur specifically, one suggestion against a primary topic comes from the clickstream data, which shows that just at most one half of readers who land on the dab page end up clicking through to the article about the city. The precise figures for March (the last month for which I've got easily accessible data), are 52 for that city, 32 for the sultanate, and 10 each for its district and for Tehri Garhwal (the two constituencies don't figure here, which means they've received fewer than 10 hits each)." 3 kids in a trenchcoat (talk) 17:53, 1 August 2021 (UTC) — Relisting. Vpab15 (talk) 22:11, 10 August 2021 (UTC)

 * Oppose. The status quo is good.  The proposal fails PRECISE. The proposal reduces recognisability, and brings no advantages. SmokeyJoe (talk) 14:05, 8 August 2021 (UTC)

 * Support The city appears to be the primary topic, and it would benefit readers to have Jaunpur link here, with the other articles like the surrounding district and historical sultanate named after the city available through hatnotes. As similar examples, we have Baghdad despite the surrounding Baghdad Governorate, or Mumbai despite the existence of the Mumbai Metropolitan Region.--Yaksar (let's chat) 16:59, 11 August 2021 (UTC)
 * This is different from Baghdad or Mumbai: Jaunpur district contains not just the metropolitan region, but an extensive hinterland of several hundred towns and villages, whose combined population dwarves that of the city. Still, that's not in itself the reason for the current topic structure: this situation is common for districts in India and yet in most cases the city continues to be taken as the primary topic over the eponymous district. What's different here is that the name also applies to a historic princely state and to another, unrelated, region. – Uanfala (talk) 22:48, 11 August 2021 (UTC)

The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
 * Oppose. I would suggest Jaunpur City or another title if desired, but the district has something like 20 times the population of the city. This ain't even close. Red   Slash  20:01, 27 August 2021 (UTC)
 * Oppose. I wouldn't consider the district a strong reason not to move - districts are often named after eponymous cities, and we don't need to disambiguate the city, for example Lhasa, which is a small part of Lhasa (prefecture-level city). But in this case, as mentions, there's the matter of the sultanate, which seems to attract quite a few readers from the dab page. So I guess the status quo will do.  — Amakuru (talk) 01:44, 3 September 2021 (UTC)

The Atala Mosque and the Jama Mosque
Are these two mosques actually the same building, or are they separate in the same complex, if they are the same building then the two articles need merging? If they are not, then the three articles need some clarification written into them... Comments and advice please... Broichmore (talk) 15:52, 16 June 2023 (UTC)
 * Done. Both articles had the same map co-ordinates, which I have now corrected. There are two Jama mosques in town.[Google map link] showing the correct locations. !1km apart. Broichmore (talk) 11:35, 19 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh


text:
Unowned property

Unowned property includes tangible, physical things that are capable of being reduced to being property owned by a person but are not owned by anyone. Bona vacantia (Latin for "ownerless goods") is a legal concept associated with the unowned property, which exists in various jurisdictions, with a consequently varying application, but with origins mostly in English law.

Nearly every piece of land on the Earth is a property and has a maintainer (owner). The class of objects, "unowned things", are objects which are not yet property; either because it has been agreed by sovereign nations that no one can own them, or because no person, or other entity, has made a claim of ownership. The most common unowned things are asteroids. The UN's Outer Space Treaty does not address the issue of private ownership of natural objects in space. All asteroids remain unowned things until some person or entity makes a claim of property right to one of them.

In an experimental legal case of first impression, a lawsuit for a declaratory judgment was filed in a United States Federal Court to determine the lawful owner of Asteroid 433 Eros. 433 Eros was claimed as property by Gregory W. Nemitz of Orbital Development. According to the homestead principle, Nemitz argued that he had the right to claim ownership of any celestial body that he made use of; he claimed he had designated Eros a spacecraft parking facility and wished to charge NASA a parking and storage fee of twenty cents per year for its NEAR Shoemaker spacecraft that is permanently stored there. Nemitz's case was dismissed due to lack of standing and an appeal denied.

Ferae naturae
Ferae naturae (lit. "wild animals of nature") is a Latin legal term referring to wild animals, in contrast to domitae naturae (lit. "tamed [animals] of nature").

In property law, ferae naturae residing on unowned real property are not predisposed to one party or another in regards to possession.

See: Pierson v. Post (3 Cai. R. 175, 2 Am. Dec. 264) (Supreme Court of New York 1805)

In the event that the animals are on a private entity's estate, the owner of the estate, if pursuing or attempting to apprehend ferae naturae is likely to be deemed, by the court, the rightful possessor to the title of the animal.

See: Keeble v Hickeringill, 11 East 574, 103 Eng. Rep. 1127 OR 3 Salk. 9 (as Keeble v Hickeringhall) Queen's Bench, 1707

Canada
Bona vacantia is applied according to the laws of the relevant province, and the roots of the laws may be traced to Roman law.

New Zealand
Similarly to England, unclaimed money will mostly escheat to the Crown who may then make further distribution. Unclaimed property other than money might also be claimed on behalf of the Crown but (as with the UK jurisdictions) this is not inevitable.

England and Wales
Bona vacantia is partly a common law doctrine and partly found in statute. It deals with:

 * Assets of dissolved companies that have failed to be distributed or have been disclaimed by the official receiver.
 * Assets of dissolved unincorporated associations that have failed to be distributed
 * Assets of the estates of deceased persons that have failed to be distributed due to intestacy and a lack of known persons entitled to inherit
 * Some failed trust property

For most of England and Wales, the Bona Vacantia Division of the Government Legal Department is responsible for dealing with bona vacantia assets on behalf of the Crown. If no heirs to an estate can be found then the assets are realised and the balance is transferred to HM Treasury. The division deals only with solvent estates whose net value exceeds £500. The assets of dissolved companies automatically pass to the Crown by law. They are realised by the division and the revenue passed to the Exchequer, although the division has a power to disclaim onerous assets. Liabilities associated with assets do not automatically follow those assets into bona vacantia. Care should be taken to distinguish between assets remaining when dissolution commences (which might be distributed to shareholders or others in that process) and those that for various valid reasons remain undistributed at the end of dissolution. Some assets might only come to notice after dissolution has taken place.

Cornwall and Lancashire
For assets based in Cornwall and within the traditional boundaries of the county palatine of Lancashire, Farrer & Co solicitors deal with bona vacantia on behalf of the Duchy of Cornwall and the Duchy of Lancaster respectively. In both cases, if no rightful owner is found for the assets, the assets legally pass to the respective duchies. It has been stated that current practice for both is to donate these assets to charity. However, there is evidence that these funds have been used for personal profit of The Crown. In Lancaster the beneficiaries are the Duchy of Lancaster Benevolent Fund and the Duchy of Lancaster Jubilee Trust, while in Cornwall The Duke of Cornwall's Benevolent Fund receives the assets.

When Henry III established in 1230 the Office of the Royal Escheator to centralize bona vacantia, Earl Edmund of Cornwall pressed his claim to bona vacantia by having his viscounts continue to handle them. Until the 1337 and 1338 Duchy Charters, the issue was contentious between the king and earl. In the Duchy Charters, the king formalized the bona vacantia right with the duchy.

When Lancaster was made a county palatine in 1351 by Edward III, the Royal Escheator's powers over Lancaster ended, and bona vacantia property escheated to the duchy instead of the Crown.

Northern Ireland
In Northern Ireland, bona vacantia is dealt with by the Crown Solicitor as the Treasury Solicitor's agent. The value of the assets collected in Northern Ireland are separately identified in the annual report of HM Procurator General and Treasury Solicitor Accounts for the Crown's Nominee.

Scotland
In Scotland, bona vacantia deals with assets of dissolved companies, the assets of missing persons and lost or abandoned property; lost or abandoned property involves a statutory saving for the Crown in ss.67–79 of the Civic Government (Scotland) Act 1982. It is mostly controlled by common law with some statutes dealing with specific matters such as lost property; the concept also extends to such matters as treasure trove. The separate doctrine of ultimus haeres states that the assets of those who die intestate leaving no other person entitled to inherit pass to the Crown. Both of these rights, together with treasure trove, are administered by the King's and Lord Treasurer's Remembrancer, an office held by the Crown Agent, the senior official in the Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service (COPFS). Bona vacantia assets in Scotland are not aggregated with those from elsewhere in the United Kingdom, being paid directly into the Scottish Consolidated Fund.

Guernsey
In Guernsey, assets of dissolved companies may become bona vacantia under s.369 of the Companies (Guernsey) Law, as amended, and are administered by the Receiver-General (HM Procureur).

United States
Bona vacantia was inherited from English common law and continues in the form of lost, mislaid, and abandoned property, applied only to personal property that has left the owner's possession, as opposed to an estate left in intestacy after death. Intangible personal assets such as checks, account balances, and securities are under unclaimed property law, varying by state. The states do not take permanent possession, but act as the custodian of the property in perpetuity on behalf of the rightful owner.

title: Unowned property


text:
KNIH

KNIH (970 AM) is a radio station licensed to Paradise, Nevada and serves the Las Vegas Valley. The station is owned and operated by Relevant Radio, Inc. and broadcasts a Roman Catholic religious radio format, including call-in shows, discussions and broadcasts of the Catholic mass. The call letters refer to "Nevada Immaculate Heart".

The station broadcasts at 5000 watts by day. To avoid interfering with other stations on AM 970, it reduces power at night to 500 watts. The transmitter is located off South Rainbow Boulevard near West Landberg Avenue in Las Vegas.

Early years
On February 21, 1962, the station first signed on the air as KVEG, for Las Vegas. It started as a daytime only radio station, powered at just 500 watts and signing off each day at sunset. In the 1980s, the station was authorized to broadcast around the clock, using a directional antenna at all times and increasing daytime power to 5000 watts.

Originally an affiliate with the CBS Radio Network, the station was also affiliated with the ABC and CNN Radio news networks. For a time, the station broadcast an all-news radio format between 6a.m. and sunset every weekday, using the call letters KNUU.

As business talk
The station previously carried a business talk format. The syndicated wake up show Imus in the Morning started the morning drive time line up from 3a.m. to 9a.m. along with local news, traffic and weather with Andy Vierra. International and national news came from the ABC and CNN newscasts. Other featured personalities included Ray Lucia, and Phil Grande.

KNIH was previously owned by the Blue Star Media Group Inc. The company owns the Business Talk Radio Network and the Lifestyle Talk Radio Network.

On November 30, 2012, AM 970 was sold to Immaculate Heart Radio's IHR Educational Broadcasting for $950,000. The call sign was changed from KNUU to KNIH on December 14, 2012. KNIH flipped to the Relevant Radio branding when IHR Educational Broadcasting and Starboard Media Foundation consummated their merger on June 30, 2017.

title: KNIH


text:
Democratic structuring

The principles of democratic structuring were defined by Jo Freeman in "The Tyranny of Structurelessness", first delivered as a talk in 1970, later published in the Berkeley Journal of Sociology in 1972. They were influential in power network theories, especially those challenging a single command hierarchy. She was a major influence in the theory of participatory democracy, consensus decision-making and collective intelligence, though her own work focused mostly on problems of elite formation in the American women's movement of the 1960s.

Elites
"The characteristic prerequisite for participating in all the informal elites of the movement, and thus for exercising power, concern one's background, personality or allocation of time. They do not include one's competence, dedication to feminism, talents or potential contribution to the movement. The former are the criteria one usually uses in determining one's friends. The latter are what any movement or organization has to use if it is going to be politically effective."

She defines, by default, politics as usual: to form power networks one must avoid working with one's friends and work specifically with those who are talented, competent, dedicated, and willing to make contributions - not simply those that one likes or would choose, if one were not actually seeking to re/gain power.

Domination and effectiveness
The dialectic between formal and informal power is critical: "If the movement continues deliberately not to select who shall exercise power, it does not thereby abolish power. All it does is abdicate the right to demand that those who do exercise power and influence be responsible for it. If the movement continues to keep power as diffuse as possible because it knows it cannot demand responsibility from those who have it, it does prevent any group or person from totally dominating. But it simultaneously ensures that the movement is as ineffective as possible. Some middle ground between domination and ineffectiveness can and must be found."

Structurelessness
Freeman advocated a power structure and claimed that "once the movement no longer clings tenaciously to the ideology of structurelessness, it will be free to develop those forms of organisation best suited to its healthy functioning. This does not mean that we should go to the other extreme and blindly imitate the traditional forms of organisation. But neither should we blindly reject them all. Some traditional techniques will prove useful, albeit not perfect; some will give us insights into what we should not do to obtain certain ends with minimal costs to the individuals in the movement. Mostly, we will have to experiment with different kinds of structuring and develop a variety of techniques to use for different situations. The 'lot system' is one such idea which has emerged from the movement. It is not applicable to all situations, but it is useful in some. Other ideas for structuring are needed. But before we can proceed to experiment intelligently, we must accept the idea that there is nothing inherently bad about structure itself - only its excessive use."

Politically effective principles
Principles of democratic structuring that Freeman claimed were "politically effective also" included:

 * 1)  Delegation of specific authority to specific individuals for specific tasks by democratic procedures. Letting people assume jobs or tasks by default only means they are not dependably done. If people are selected to do a task, preferably after expressing an interest or willingness to do it, they have made a commitment which cannot easily be ignored.
 * 2) Responsibility - requiring all those to whom authority has been delegated to be responsible to all those who selected them. This is how the group has control over people in positions of authority. Individuals may exercise power, but it is the group that has the ultimate say over how the power is exercised.
 * 3) Decentralization - distribution of authority among as many people as is reasonably possible. This prevents monopoly of power and requires those in positions of authority to consult with many others in the process of exercising it. It also gives many people an opportunity to have responsibility for specific tasks and thereby to learn specific skills.
 * 4) Rotating chair - rotating all key tasks among individuals. Responsibilities which are held too long by one person, formally or informally, come to be seen as that person's 'property' and are not relinquished or controlled by the group. If tasks are rotated frequently, the individual does not have time to learn the job well and be glad to do a good job.
 * 5) Labour specialization - allocation of tasks along rational criteria. Selecting someone for a position because they are liked by the group, or giving them hard work because they are disliked, serves neither the group nor the person in the long run. Ability, interest and responsibility have got to be the major concerns in such selection. People should be given an opportunity to learn skills they do not have, but this is best done through some sort of 'apprenticeship' programme rather than the 'sink or swim' method. Having a responsibility one can't handle well is demoralising. Being blackballed from what can be done well does not encourage developing of skills. Women were punished for being competent through most of human history.
 * 6) Open information flow - Diffusion of information to everyone as frequently as possible. Information is power. Access to information enhances one's power. When an informal network spreads new ideas and information among themselves outside the group, they are already engaged in the process of forming an opinion without the group participating. The more one knows about how things work, the more politically effective one can be.
 * 7) Equal power relationships imply equal access to resources needed by the group. This is not always perfectly possible, but should be striven for. A member who maintains a monopoly over a needed resource (like a printing press or a darkroom owned by a husband) can unduly influence the use of that resource. Skills and information are also resources. Members' skills and information can be equally available only when members are willing to teach what they know to others.

Freeman claimed that "when these principles are applied, they ensure that whatever structures are developed by different movement groups will be controlled by and be responsible to the group. The group of people in positions of authority will be organized in structures that are diffuse, flexible, open and temporary. They will not be in such an easy position to institutionalize their power because ultimate decisions will be made by the group at large. The group will have the power to determine who shall exercise authority within it."

title: Democratic structuring


text:
Talk:Massachusetts/Boston

From WP:RfD:

 * Massachusetts/Boston, Massachusetts/Dedham, Massachusetts/Longmeadow → Massachusetts : No links to these, except one to Massachusetts/Boston in Talk:Boston, Massachusetts. Ubermonkey 17:56, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * These are old "country" subpages, a hang-over from an older organization system on Wikipedia - see #7, and also WT:RfD. Probably ought to set them to point to the right places, though. Noel (talk) 06:36, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Massachusetts/Boston