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USS Westfield

USS Westfield was a sidewheel steam ferryboat in the United States Navy during the American Civil War.

Westfield was purchased by the Navy from Cornelius Vanderbilt on 22 November 1861; outfitted at Jeremiah Simonson's shipyard in Brooklyn, New York City; and commissioned in January 1862, Commander William B. Renshaw in command.

Service history
Westfield departed New York on 22 February 1862, bound for Key West, Florida, to join Comdr. David Dixon Porter's Mortar Flotilla. That unit, however, departed Key West on 3 March before Westfield's arrival. She, therefore, did not join the flotilla until her arrival at the Passes of the Mississippi River on 18 March. For the next three weeks, she assisted USS Mississippi (1841) and USS Pensacola (1859) in their efforts to cross the bar at Pass an Outre and enter the Mississippi River.

That mission finally succeeded on 8 April 1862, and Westfield began duty covering a coastal survey party developing more precise maps of the lower Mississippi for the assault on Forts Jackson and St. Philip. On 13 April 1862, she received orders to proceed upriver and engage two Confederate gunboats. After two shots from her Parrott rifle, the two Confederate ships retired to the protection of the guns of Fort Jackson where they joined six other Confederate gunboats. Undaunted, Westfield closed the range and opened fire once more. That brief cannonade broke the shaft of CSS Defiance and damaged her so severely that her crew later had to abandon and sink her.

Between 14 April and 24 April 1862, she supported Porter's Mortar Flotilla during the bombardment of the two Confederate forts in preparation for Flag Officer David Farragut's run between them to New Orleans, Louisiana. That event occurred on 24 April 1862, but Westfield did not participate directly. Rather, she remained with the mortar boats and continued to support them and supply ammunition. Early in the summer of 1862, Westfield moved upriver with the Mortar Flotilla – to a point just below Vicksburg, Mississippi. There she resumed her duties in support of the mortars during the first campaign against the Confederate stronghold.

Late in July and early in August 1862, the ship made her way back down the Mississippi via Baton Rouge and New Orleans to the Gulf of Mexico. She then took up duty blockading the coast of Texas as a unit of the West Gulf Blockading Squadron. On 4 October 1862, Westfield led a unit composed of USS Harriet Lane (1857), USS Owasco (1861), USS Clifton (1861), and USS Henry Janes (1861) in a successful assault on the city of Galveston, Texas, which capitulated formally on 9 October 1862. She remained at Galveston until 1 January 1863 and was flagship of the six-ship U.S. Navy force there when, during the successful Confederate liberation of the city in the Battle of Galveston, she ran aground on a sandbar in Galveston Harbor while the Union ships were under attack by two Confederate States Army warships, the tugboat CS Neptune and the gunboat CS Bayou City. She was blown up to forestall her almost certain capture by Confederate forces. Her commanding officer, Commander William B. Renshaw (1816–1863), who also was the commander of the U.S. Navy force off Galveston, and a boat crew died when the explosives detonated sooner than expected.

As of 2007, no other ship in the United States Navy has been named Westfield.

On 18 November 2009 the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers began several weeks of recovery operations to retrieve artifacts. Items recovered are destined for study at the Conservation Research Lab at Texas A&M University. Westfield's largest cannon, the 9-inch Dahlgren, was recovered along with five cannonballs from a depth of 47 ft near the merge point of the Texas City Ship Channel and the Houston Ship Channel. The Dahlgren cannon is said to be the centerpiece of the recovered artifacts, which were brought to College Station and will be kept at the Conservation Research Lab on Texas A&M's Riverside Campus. The cannon was placed in an electrolysis bath for up to two years to remove chlorides and preserve the metal, according to Donny Hamilton, head of the Texas A&M anthropology department. The cannon was moved to the Texas City Museum, where it will be housed for the foreseeable future. The Museum dedicated the USS Westfield Exhibit 2 March 2017.

Once the archaeology project completes, the US Army Corps of Engineers begins a $71 million dredging effort of the waterway.

title: USS Westfield


text:
Brava Island

Brava Island may refer to:

 * Brava, Cape Verde, an island of Cape Verde
 * Brava, Costa Rica, an island of Costa Rica (Isla Brava)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Brava Island


text:
User talk:Yonah~enwiki

I'm impressed. Why don't you make it a link, so someone will write an article on it? --192.118.34.228 13:14, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Yonah. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Yonah~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

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Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 04:03, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 20:46, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Yonah~enwiki


text:
Southwick, Wiltshire

Southwick is a semi-rural village and civil parish 3 mi south-west of the county town of Trowbridge, Wiltshire, England. It is separated from the south-west fringe of Trowbridge only by the Southwick Country Park, which consists of 380 acre of open fields. The majority of the village lies south of the A361, which runs through the village, linking Trowbridge with Frome.

The parish includes the hamlets of Hoggington and Hoopers Pool.

Geography
The Somerset border lies approximately one mile south-west of Southwick village. Nearby villages are Rode, about 2 mi to the south-west, and North Bradley, one mile to the east.

A tributary of the River Biss, the Lambrok Stream, which is fed from streams in the south and west of the parish, flows to the south-east of the village and then turns to form part of the parish's north-eastern boundary with Trowbridge.

History
Southwick, together with North Bradley, was part of Steeple Ashton manor in Anglo-Saxon times. The area was part of the extensive Selwood Forest until 1300. Early landowners included Humphrey Stafford (died 1413).

Settlement at Southwick began in the early Middle Ages and grew with the woollen cloth industry, weavers working at home for Trowbridge clothiers; the population peaked in the early 19th century.

A National School, with teacher's house, was built on the Frome Road in 1867 on land provided by Richard Penruddocke Long of Rood Ashton House. In Flemish bond brick with limestone dressings, the gothic-style building has a clock tower with a short octagonal stone spire. After enlargement in 1898 the school could accommodate 200. Children of all ages attended until 1931, when those aged 11 and over transferred to secondary schools in Trowbridge. In 1975 the Victorian school was replaced by a new building in the east of the village.

Until 1866, Southwick was part of North Bradley parish. In 1937 some 220 acres in the west of the parish, adjacent to the Somerset village of Rode and containing the small settlement of Rode Hill, was transferred to Rode parish.

Baptists
Southwick was one of the earliest and largest Baptist centres in Wiltshire, beginning in the mid-17th century. A chapel linked to the Conigre church at Trowbridge stood near Bradley Common throughout the 18th century, and in 1709 another was built on the south side of Wynsome Street, which soon had a congregation of 300. A revival here led to the building of a replacement chapel in 1815, in red brick with stone dressings, under a slate roof. The two tiers of windows light the main hall and the gallery, and there is a sunken baptistery. An attached Sunday school, which at one time had 120 pupils, was rebuilt in the 1870s. The chapel continues in use. Nearby to the north-west, where the road crosses the Lambrok Stream, is an open-air baptistery, rebuilt in stone in 1937 and described by Historic England as "a rare surviving example", although Pevsner states the stonework to be of "suburban character".

A breakaway group from the chapel congregation formed a society of strict Baptists and opened Providence Chapel, built in limestone ashlar, on Frome Road in 1861. The chapel closed in the late 20th century and is now a private house.

Church of England
Parishioners attended the parish church of St Nicholas at North Bradley until an iron mission church was built in 1881; it was destroyed by fire in 1897. The parish church of St Thomas was built in 1899–1904 to designs of C.E. Ponting, in Gothic style using rock-faced limestone. The two-stage tower is surmounted by a shingled flèche. Inside is a wooden chancel screen in Arts and Crafts style, and an immersion tank for baptism, in keeping with Southwick's Baptist tradition.

Notable buildings
Southwick Court Farmhouse, north-west of the village, is an L-shaped moated stone house from the 16th and 17th centuries, owned by the Longs of Whaddon from the late 17th century until the late 19th. It was probably a replacement for an earlier house owned by the Grenville family from the 13th century, the Stafford family in the 14th century, and the Willoughby family of Brook Hall in the 15th. In the Middle Ages there was a family chapel nearby, dedicated to St John the Baptist; this fell into disuse sometime after 1544 and the building was demolished in 1839.

In 1968 the house was recorded as Grade II* listed, as were the attached gatehouse and the 18th-century bridge.

Brook House, south-east of the village, is a 17th-century farmhouse beside an early 16th-century stone-built range. The Poplars was built in about 1650 and re-faced with brick in about 1700. Manor Farmhouse, west of the village, was built in 1673.

Governance
The civil parish elects a parish council. It is in the area of Wiltshire Council unitary authority, which is responsible for all significant local government functions.

An electoral ward in the same name exists. The ward starts in the west at Southwick and then stretches east to West Ashton. The total ward population taken from the 2011 census was 4,444.

Amenities
The village has a small primary school which is next to a large playing field. Southwick & North Bradley Scout Group have had their headquarters at the old school since 1978.

There are two main residential areas in the north-east of the village, opposite the Southwick Allotments and the 'Farmhouse Inn' pub. The estates are linked, and named Chantry Gardens and Fleur De Lys Drive. In 2011, a small cluster of houses was built north of Fleur De Lys Drive, linked to Fleur De Lys Drive via a short path; this development was named Greenleaze Close. The second large group of housing is located to the south and west of the playing field, and has short roads branching off Blind Lane and Wesley Lane (a road winding from Wynsome Street, between the A361 and North Bradley). These roads are named Southfield, Wesley Close and Orchard Drive. Housing was also developed off Church Street in the mid-2000s, designated The Mowlems and Swan Court.

title: Southwick, Wiltshire


text:
Singapore Open (golf)

The Singapore Open was a golf tournament in Singapore that was predominantly part of the Asian Tour schedule. The event was held at Sentosa Golf Club since 2005 and since 2017 had been part of the Open Qualifying Series, giving up to four non-exempt players entry into The Open Championship.

The Singapore Open was founded in 1961 and was one of the tournaments on the first season of the Far East Circuit (later the Asia Golf Circuit) the following year. It remained part of the Asia circuit until 1993 when it became a fixture on the Australasian Tour. After just 3 seasons, it left the Australasian Tour to join the fledgling Asian Tour for that tour's second season in 1996. The event was also co-sanctioned with the European Tour from 2009 to 2012, and with the Japan Golf Tour since 2016.

History
The Singapore Open was founded in 1961 and was staged annually until 2001, when it was won by Thaworn Wiratchant. Other winners in the years leading up to this included American Shaun Micheel in 1998, who went on to win the 2003 PGA Championship. Other notable winners of the event who went on to win majors, include Ángel Cabrera, Adam Scott and Sergio García.

In 2002 the event was cancelled because of lack of sponsorship. It was not revived until 2005, when sponsorship was secured from the Sentosa Leisure Group. The 2005 prize fund was $2 million, which made the Singapore Open by far the richest tournament exclusive to the Asian Tour that was not co-sanctioned by the European Tour, a status it retained until the European Tour first co-sanctioned the event in 2009. Asian Tour chief executive Louis Martin claimed when the revival of the tournament was announced, "Competing for a prize purse of two million US dollars will give our playing membership a huge boost and elevate the Asian Tour to a new level." The 2005 event was played in September.

The 2006 Singapore Open offered a purse of US$3 million with a winner's share of US$475,000. In May 2006, it was announced that Barclays Bank would sponsor the event for five years from 2006 and that the prize fund will be increased to US$4 million in 2007 and US$5 million in 2008. In 2011, the purse was US$6,000,000. The 2013 edition was cancelled due to lack of sponsorship.

After a three-year absence, the tournament returned in January 2016. The event was co-sanctioned by the Asian Tour and Japan Golf Tour. Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation also became the new title sponsor of the event. Song Young-han won the revived event, beating current world number one Jordan Spieth by one shot in the weather-delayed event.

Matt Kuchar won the 2020 event, beating Justin Rose by three shots.

The tournament was not played in 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Venues
The following venues have been used since the founding of the Singapore Open in 1961.

title: Singapore Open (golf)


text:
Talk:Roger Merrett/to do

 * 1) This page needs more detail on playing career, including early days at Essendon, and fleshing out career at Brisbane.
 * 2) Details on representative career
 * 3) Infobox has missing data

title: Talk:Roger Merrett/to do


text:
Talk:Roger Merrett

Some close paraphrasing by the Herald Sun?
This article from the Herald Sun dated 23 January 2011 has some sections very similar to the content of this article.

 * HS: "in two Essendon premiership teams in the mid-1980s before moving to the fledgling Brisbane Bears"
 * W: "two Victorian Football League premiership sides with the Essendon Football Club in the mid-1980s before moving to the fledging Brisbane Bears"

 * HS:"Merrett captained the Brisbane Bears - now the Brisbane Lions- for seven seasons. He was well known for his fierce, hard attack on the ball and his dashing moustache. He struck fear into the hearts of opposition players over a long career."
 * W: " ... later captaining the new club for seven seasons. Well known for his fierce, hard attack on the ball and his dashing moustache, he struck fear into the hearts of opposition players over a long career."

 * HS: "He is considered by many as the greatest Brisbane Bear in the club's short history. He used his height and kicking abilities to spearhead the club as their leading goalkicker for many seasons before Alastair Lynch proved a suitable replacement"
 * W: "He is considered by many as the greatest Brisbane Bear in the club's short history ... use his height and kicking abilities to spearhead the club as their leading goalkicker for many seasons before Alastair Lynch proved a suitable replacement"

All very interesting. First noted here Mattinbgn (talk) 05:19, 1 February 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Roger Merrett


text:
William Shepherd (British politician)

William Stanley Shepherd (12 March 1910 – 11 October 2002) was a British Conservative politician.

Education and career
Shepherd was educated at Crewe and worked as a manufacturing chemist and company director and director of the Manchester Chamber of Commerce. He served with the army in France, Belgium and the Netherlands during World War II, reaching the rank of Lieutenant.

Shepherd was elected member of parliament for Bucklow at the 1945 general election and for Cheadle from 1950 until 1966, when he was defeated by the Liberal Dr. Michael Winstanley.

In Parliament, Shepherd served as a senior member of the Conservative Parliamentary Committee on Trade and Industry and wrote extensively on industrial and social matters.

He also spoke out against reform of anti-homosexual laws, once stating "The proper way to look at homosexuality is to regard it not as something separate but as something to which any of us can succumb if the circumstances of our lives or the weakness of our outlook make us susceptible."

In the 1980s, he joined the Social Democratic Party (SDP).

title: William Shepherd (British politician)


text:
Wet cleaning

Wet cleaning refers to methods of professional cleaning that, in contrast to traditional dry cleaning, avoids the use of chemical solvents, the most common of which is tetrachloroethylene (commonly called perchloroethylene or "perc"). Environmental groups and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have indicated that such alternative "wet cleaning" methods are better for the environment than perc, and proponents of wet cleaning state that these methods can be used without shrinking or otherwise damaging garments that typically require dry cleaning.

Computer-controlled wet cleaning machines, special dryers, safe detergents and non-toxic spot removers make wet cleaning an environmentally sound method. Wet cleaning machines have controls that allow them to safely and efficiently clean a wide variety of garments in water. Detergents and spot removers are made of ingredients that are safer for workers and the environment, yet are as safe and effective at removing soils, stains and odors as dry cleaning solvents. Equipment, detergents and skill all contribute to successful wet cleaning.

According to the US EPA, wet cleaning is the most environmentally sensitive professional method of garment cleaning. It does not use hazardous chemicals, it does not generate hazardous waste, nor does the process create air pollution, and it reduces the potential for water and soil contamination. The specialized detergents and conditioner used in the wet clean process are milder than home laundry products. All of the products are disposed of down the drain and are easily handled by the local waste water treatment facility. For professional cleaners, wet-cleaning is argued to offer several advantages, such as lowered costs for start-up capital, supplies, equipment and hazardous waste disposal, as well as less reliance on skilled labor.

From American Dry Cleaner: "74.7% of dry cleaners use wet cleaning when cleaning casual clothing and sportswear; specialty items, like draperies and gowns (42.3%); “business casual” or softly tailored clothing (38%); restoration work (25.4%); and tailored workwear (16.9%). Some clothing manufacturers may mislabel their clothing "Dry Clean Only", even though there is no "reasonable basis" for making the claim that the garment will be harmed if it is not dry cleaned.

title: Wet cleaning


text:
Talk:California State Senate

Untitled
I'm in the process of creating a historical list of California State senators so that it will fit nicely in one area:

Here is my current progress on creating a historical table of former California State Senators:

 * **DISCLAIMER**
 * I have been checking my information agaisnt (http://www.joincalifornia.com/election/) and it seems that I forgot to take into account that odd and even seats on the senate are elected at different times and this may cause this information to be incorrect. unsigned comment by User:cmdrbond

 * I just counterchecked all of this against http://vote96.ss.ca.gov, http://vote98.ss.ca.gov, http://vote2000.ss.ca.gov, http://vote2002.ss.ca.gov, and http://vote2004.ss.ca.gov. This is now all correct. (I also checked http://www.joincalifornia.com/election/ for the winners of the 1994 elections.) This is now correct from 1997-2006. OCNative 00:38, 20 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Table is now at Members of the California State Legislature.OCNative 07:48, 24 June 2006 (UTC)

Great idea, thanks! Since it will be bulky, please put on a separate page, similar to the Congressional Delegation from California is on a separate page: United States Congressional Delegations from California — Dananderson 00:53, 7 March 2006 (UTC)

CA Senate v. U.S. House
Am I correct in assuming that the size of a CA State Senate district is larger than the size of a district for CA's Representatives in the U.S. House? Is it generally considered to be "harder" to become a State Senator than member of the U.S. House or vice versa? If so, these might be worthy of mention in the article. --Tim4christ17 talk 01:59, 24 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Yes you are correct, however, it's not enough of a difference to definitively say it's harder to win. Especially with both House seats and Senate seats gerrymandered the way they are. KilgoreTrout 21:16, 20 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Besides gerrymandering one needs to know that even though CA Senate districts are larger and have a greater population then U.S. House Districts in CA, CA Senators have term limits of 2 four year terms, hence a Senate Seat will be open (i.e. no incumbent is running) at most every eight years. Due to this lack of incumbency advantage I would say it is still eaiser to become a CA Senator then it is to be a U.S. Representative from California (which has no term limits).  GreatGreg 19:25, 24 April 2007 (UTC)

Question
Reading this, I find that the article doesn't answer an important question: how and by whom are the senators elected? Are they elected by a popular vote or indirectly? Woodwalker (talk) 10:02, 9 February 2010 (UTC)

Different numbers from "California Republican Party"?
California Republican Party says the Senate seats are 14/40, but this page says 13.

What gives? --Diblidabliduu (talk) 12:11, 8 November 2016 (UTC)

Vacancy in state Senate
Jeff Stone resigned from the state Senate on October 30, 2019. He now works for the U.S. Department of Labor. There will be a special election to succeed him at an undetermined date. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2607:FCC8:AD08:EC00:D8D4:BEA2:D2E6:4533 (talk) 02:17, 15 November 2019 (UTC)

Longer history
There was a California senate before 1879, yet this is not covered in the history section. Is this intentional? Is the senate period between 1849-1879 covered somewhere else? 173.162.0.65 (talk) 16:27, 19 August 2022 (UTC)

"Little Federal Model" Section
I don't think that this assertion is accurate: "This led to the situation of a populous county such as Los Angeles County (1960 population of 6 million) being accorded the same number of state senators (one) as less populous counties such as Alpine County (1960 pop. 397)." Alpine County did not have one senator, but instead shared one senator with Mono and Inyo counties. Jab73 (talk) 18:55, 13 September 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:California State Senate


text:
Kelly Bray

Kelly Bray (Kellivre) is a village in east Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is situated one mile (1.6 km) north of Callington, immediately west of Kit Hill in a former mining area. Kelly Bray is in the parish of Callington and lies within the St Dominick, Harrowbarrow and Kelly Bray division on Cornwall Council. The population was 3,949 at the 2011 census. Kelly Bray is first recorded ca. 1286 as Kellibregh (Cornish "Kellybregh", meaning "dappled grove").

Kelly Bray was formerly the venue for the Royal Cornwall Show until it was moved to Wadebridge. The village was the location of Callington railway station - terminus of a branch line to Plymouth via Gunnislake. The line was closed beyond Gunnislake in 1966.

Industrial history
Prior to the industrialisation in the 19th century agriculture was the main activity in the land surrounding Kelly Bray.

During the 1820s and 1830s a significant capital investment enabled the development of tin copper and lead mines in the area. In 1843 the mine at Kelly Bray amalgamated with the neighbouring mines of Holmbush and Redmoor to form the Callington Mining Company employing a workforce of over 250 people. The mining activity around Kelly Bray continued until 1946.

In the present day various light industrial businesses are situated in the Florence Road Business Park area of the village.

Cornish wrestling
Cornish wrestling tournaments, for prizes have held at Kelly Bray with a first prize of a silver cup.

title: Kelly Bray


text:
3000 class railcar

The 3000 class and 3100 class are diesel railcars that operate on the Adelaide rail network. Built by Comeng and Clyde Engineering between 1987 and 1996, they entered service under the State Transport Authority before later being operated by TransAdelaide and Adelaide Metro. Trains are typically coupled as multiple units, though the 3000 class are also able to run as single units when needed.

History
In March 1985, the State Transport Authority (STA) awarded a tender for 20 diesel railcars (eight 3000 class units with a cab at each end and twelve 3100 class with a cab at one end only) to Comeng's Dandenong rolling stock factory. The design was based on the stainless steel shell of the Comeng electric train then in production for Melbourne's Public Transport Corporation, but 2.3 m longer and with only two doors per side. Because of a contractual requirement to maximise local content, the fit-out was conducted at Comeng's Dry Creek facility. The first commenced testing in May 1987, entering service in November 1987. The eight 3000s were built first with the first 3100 class completed in mid-1988. The last entered service in December 1988.

In the original contract, there was an option to order 76 further examples. However, Comeng came back to the STA with a significantly higher price, so the work was put out to tender, and a contract for 50 was awarded to Clyde Engineering in November 1989. Comeng concluded a deal to sell the 3000 class design and tooling. However by the time construction commenced, Comeng had sold its Dandenong plant to ABB, who backed away from an agreement to hand over the jigs and tooling, so they were built between 1992 and 1996 by Clyde Engineering's Martin & King factory in Somerton, Victoria.

All were delivered with unpainted stainless steel offset by blue and orange stripes. In April 2002, the first was repainted by Bluebird Rail Operations in Adelaide Metro's yellow, blue and red.

Originally they operated on all Adelaide suburban lines, however since the electrification of the Seaford and Flinders lines in 2014 and Gawler line in 2022, they have been confined primarily to the Belair, Grange, and Outer Harbor lines, with some Gawler services still being temporarily operated by 3000/3100s while new 4000 class EMUs are being built. They have on occasion ventured beyond the Adelaide metropolitan area, operating special services to Nuriootpa on the Barossa Valley railway line and Riverton on the Roseworthy-Peterborough railway line. These tours stopped in the mid 2000s.

Mechanics
Only one of bogies is powered per car, originally with 2 Stromberg Electric Motors, which have now been replaced since the 2018 life extension.

The 3000 class bodies were built by Comeng and feature airbag secondary suspension. All 3000 class railcars are fitted with electro-magnetic track brakes, which are comparatively rare on trains, though they are commonly found on trams. These are operated separately from the normal mechanical and dynamic braking.

Trains are equipped with automatic Scharfenberg couplers which are operated from the driver's cab. Coupling operations are sometimes performed at Adelaide station, requiring an extra staff member to flag the driver as well as to connect the safety chains. This feature allows sets of up to six cars to be formed.

Two headlights are mounted at the top of the car in the centre on driver's cab ends. There are no marker lights at the front; however, there are red marker lights for the rear located on the upper corners. There are metal steps up the side of the car to each door, but they are not used by passengers, however in emergency situations, they may be used to allow passengers to disembark from the train. They are illuminated by lights at night. All cars are air-conditioned.

During May 2020, 50 out of 70 railcars were taken out of service on the Gawler, Belair and Outer Harbor rail lines due to a significant mechanical fault regarding the servicing of the cars. These trains were out of service for 2 weeks whilst servicing on the turbochargers and other defective parts were repaired/replaced, therefore, a decision was made by DPTI to shift all affected train services to a weekend timetable. The Seaford and Flinders lines were not affected due to electrification having been completed on those lines in early 2014. During these critical repairs, the Grange line was closed.

Refurbishment
In the 2008/09 State Budget, it was announced that five out of six of Adelaide's railway lines were to be electrified commencing with the Noarlunga and Gawler lines. This was to have resulted in 58 of the 3000/3100 class railcars being converted to electric operation with the remaining 12 to be retained as diesels for operation on the Belair line. However with the electrification project scaled back and the additional orders of the 4000 class trains, the conversions were cancelled.

Commencing in April 2018, all 3000/3100 series railcars began a life extension program which included new Mercedes-Benz engines, upgraded bogies, enhanced upholstery and a repaint into the a red and blue livery similar to the 4000 class units. The modernised livery features silver borders around the headlights and tail lights to allow for better illumination throughout light hours.

Starting from May 2021, Adelaide Metro began to gradually refurbish the interior of 45 of its 3000/3100 class railcars.

The 2021 refurbishment includes: In addition to the interior refurbishment, 45 of Adelaide Metro's 70 railcars are expected to be fitted with ABB hybrid battery technology by mid-2024. This includes the installation of a new energy storage and recovery system, which stores kinetic energy in a battery during braking. This will reduce fuel consumption on the 3000/3100 class fleet, and reduce emissions, particularly at the enclosed Adelaide railway station, where 3000 class railcars are often left idling with their engine running when not in service. Adelaide Metro have previously indicated that following the completion of this project, and once 3000/3100 class railcars are no longer required on the Gawler line, non-upgraded railcars in the fleet will be retired, as only 45 railcars will be required for service.
 * brighter lights.
 * new wheelchair spaces to provide room for two wheelchairs.
 * new floor materials designed for better graffiti cleaning, removal of existing graffiti, and deep interior cleaning.
 * creation of five new "bike-friendly" railcars with realigned seating, to be used primarily on the Belair Line which is frequented by cyclists.

title: 3000 class railcar


text:
Talk:Rapira

AFAIK this language has nothing to do with Pascal at all. It was developed way before Pascal (bah, I thought Donald Knuth developed Pascal at the same time as TeX :) - anyway no one heard about Pascal in USSR back then) and is very different. Grue 13:17, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Rapira was an interpreted language with high level constructions (sets, lists, foreach loop, slicing and so on) and dynamic types, somewhat resembling modern interpreted languages such as Python or maybe its ancestor ABC. MvR 06:06, 13 September 2005 (UTC)

(pascal)
Pascal definitely was well known in USSR. Especially by such serious guys like system programmers. ;) —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 195.98.64.69 (talk) 04:52, 12 May 2007 (UTC).

Algol68
Looks pretty similar to Algol68 actually. Considering Pascal's origins (Algol60 -> AlgolY -> AlgolW-> Pascal), these languages are probably cousins. do/od & := make this pretty clear. Besides, Pascal was pretty heavily used (so was Modula-2 Kronus workstation anyone?) Any way, just my $.02 (which is worthless now :-) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Pascalluser (talk • contribs) 23:20, 15 October 2007 (UTC)

Cyrillic script
It only shows up as question marks! And there's nothing wrong with my computer either, Russian Wikipedia shows up just fine. --GSchjetne (talk) 15:44, 13 December 2007 (UTC)

basic
I see link to this in the Category "BASIC_programming_language_family" Rapira isn't Basic its more like Pascal or C —Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.239.180.230 (talk) 16:34, 4 February 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Rapira


text:
Dafydd Gam

Dafydd ap Llewelyn ap Hywel (c. 1380 – 25 October 1415), better known as Dafydd Gam, anglicized to David or Davy Gam, was a Welsh warrior, a prominent opponent of Owain Glyndŵr. He died at the Battle of Agincourt fighting for Henry V, King of England in that victory against the French.

The epithet "Gam" is a soft-mutated form of the Welsh word "cam" (one-eyed, cross-eyed). As the University of Wales Dictionary notes "according to tradition, Syr Dafydd Gam (Dafydd ap Llewelyn ap Hywel Fychan) was one-eyed or cross-eyed". Regarded by Welsh people as a traitor, Gam is regarded as a hero in England; his reputation has waxed and waned with those of his enemy Owain Glyndŵr and his ally King Henry V.

Descent
Dafydd Gam was a member of one of the most prominent Welsh families in Breconshire (though the county did not exist in Dafydd's time). His recent pedigree was 'Dafydd Gam ap Llywelyn ap Hywel Fychan ap Hywel ap Einion Sais', but beyond that the family claimed an ancient Welsh lineage going back to the Kings of Brycheiniog (specifically, from Bleddyn ap Maenarch, the king who Bernard de Neufmarché supposedly displaced ). Dafydd Gam was the grandson of Hywel Fychan, who held the manor of Parc Llettis near Llanover in Monmouthshire near Abergavenny, and was fourth in descent from Einion Sais who held a castle at Pen Pont on the River Usk near Brecon and who had served at both the Battle of Crecy and the Battle of Poitiers. Their power base had developed mainly as consistently loyal supporters of the de Bohun family who were both earls of Hereford and Marcher Lords of Brecknock from the 13th century onwards. Dafydd Gam's father, Llywelyn ap Hywel, purchased the estate of Penywaun near Brecon and Dafydd is thought to have been born there. His family was described as "a striking example of a native family that flourished under the rule of an English aristocratic family." Under Llywelyn ap Hywel, the family's traditional loyalty was transferred to the new Lord of Brecknock, Henry Bolingbroke, who had married Mary de Bohun in the 1380s. Some say Dafydd was previously in service to Henry's father John of Gaunt and, having killed a rival in Brecon High Street, had to leave Wales temporarily.

Glyndŵr rebellion
Dafydd Gam was certainly being paid the substantial annuity of 40 marks by Henry's estate in 1399, even before Bolingbroke became King, and later he and his brothers were described as King's esquires. It seems likely they were prominent partisans of Henry in South East Wales as he gathered support for his overthrow of Richard II around 1399.

When the Glyndŵr rebellion broke out in 1400, the family's traditional loyalty to their liege lord remained unshaken and they played a leading role in opposition to the rebellion in the area. Their lands in and around Brecon became a target for Glyndŵr's attacks, and were extensively damaged as early as 1402–1403. The Scottish chronicler Walter Bower names Dafydd as a leader in the crushing defeat of Glyndŵr's men at the Battle of Pwll Melyn near Usk on 5 May 1405. After the battle, 300 of Glyndŵr's men were executed and his son, Gruffudd ab Owain Glyndŵr, was captured. Gam's local knowledge might well have played a part in the Crown's victory here and in other battles like that at Grosmont around the same time, and may have won over local Welshmen to fight against Glyndŵr. The family's loyalty was rewarded with the gift of some of Glyndŵrs' supporters' confiscated estates in Cardiganshire. In 1412 Dafydd Gam was captured by Glyndŵr's men and estimates of the amount paid as his ransom recorded at the time, range from 200 to 700 marks, a large amount. That it was paid directly and speedily from the King's estates in Wales indicates the esteem in which Gam was held by Henry. Glyndŵr had made Gam swear an oath to never bear arms against him again or oppose him in any other way. On his release Gam told King Henry of Glyndŵr's whereabouts and attacked Glyndwr's men. Glyndŵr had Gam's Brecon estates attacked and burned in retaliation and his Brecon house was razed.

Agincourt
Given King Henry V's leadership in the campaign against Glyndŵr, Dafydd would have known the new King crowned in 1413 personally, and perhaps even fought alongside him. Records show that Dafydd Gam served with three-foot archers in the Battle of Agincourt campaign. His death in the battle was a fact noted in several contemporary chronicles. There is much controversy about whether Gam was knighted at the battle. His example shows that Welshmen continued to fight in the English army after the Glyndŵr rebellion.

Stories of Gam's exploits at Battle of Agincourt in which he saved Henry V's life, and that he was knighted either posthumously or as he was dying on the field of victory at Agincourt by King Henry V as a result, are not vouched for in contemporary sources and have thus been discounted by many historians. According to the legend the intervention occurred during the counter-charge of John I, Duke of Alençon, which certainly is historical, leading to the wounding of Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, and Henry fighting hand-to-hand in the late stage of the battle. The King was hard pressed and the Duke of Alençon supposedly cut an ornament from Henry's crown with a sword blow. Then a group of Welsh knights in the King's bodyguard led by Dafydd Gam intervened to save Henry's life, only for some to be killed in doing so, including Dafydd himself, and his son in law Sir Roger Vaughan. One of those supposedly involved in this exploit was Sir William ap Thomas who survived the battle. Some accounts claim Dafydd slew the Duke of Alençon himself. This story was being frequently told by the Tudor period in histories of the campaign and by the descendants of those involved and was widely accepted as the truth at that time. Although both Gam and Vaughan did die in the battle, the exact circumstances of their deaths are unknown. Gam's reputation was still very much alive in 19th-century Wales. George Borrow said of him, "where he achieved that glory which will for ever bloom, dying, covered with wounds, on the field of Agincourt after saving the life of the king, to whom in the dreadest and most critical moment of the fight he stuck closer than a brother". Juliet Barker, while not accepting the rest of the legend, claims in her history of Agincourt that "Llewelyn was knighted on the field, only to fall in the battle." She also says that Dafydd's Welsh comrade, and posthumous son-in-law, Sir William ap Thomas may have been knighted at the battle.

Descendants
Some of Dafydd's descendants, who adopted the surname 'Games' to mark their connection to him, remained one of the most powerful families in the Breconshire area until Stuart times. They were noted for their support for Welsh bards. His daughter Gwladys ferch Dafydd Gam, Seren y Fenni (the Star of Abergavenny), made two good marriages, the first to Sir Roger Vaughan, who also died at Agincourt. Her second was to Sir William ap Thomas of Raglan Castle who survived the battle. Her son became the extremely powerful William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke (1423-1469) and took the surname Herbert, later to become one of the best known names in the nobility. All these noble connections ensured Dafydd Gam's name remained a celebrated one.

Legacy
Like his opponent Glyndŵr, Gam has gained a sheen of legend and many stories about him are late oral traditions, folklore and family legends of uncertain reliability. Chief amongst them is the tale that he tried to assassinate Glyndŵr at his parliament at Machynlleth in 1404. According to local lore, when the attempt failed, he was imprisoned in the Royal House, which survives. The legends differ on his subsequent fate. Some claim that Glyndŵr released Gam soon after the Parliament, despite his refusal to submit, a decision that Glyndŵr would later regret. Others say that he was imprisoned for many years – but these are contradicted by his apparent participation in the Battle of Pwll Melyn in 1405. The stories concerning his rivalry with Glyndŵr include satirical englyn in Welsh, supposedly composed by Glyndŵr himself about his rival after he had burnt his house to the ground. Whatever the truth of these tales there seems no doubt that Glyndŵr and his men, and popular tradition, regarded Dafydd as one of the chief enemies of the rebellion.

George Borrow describes Gam in Wild Wales (1862) as follows: "He was small of stature and deformed in person, though possessed of great strength. He was very sensitive of injury, though quite as alive to kindness; a thorough-going enemy and a thorough-going friend."

Gam is a key character in John Cowper Powys's novel Owen Glendower (1941).

By the Tudor period, Gam appears to have typified the loyal and valiant Welshman. He is better known in England as "Davy Gam", under which name he is mentioned briefly in Shakespeare's Henry V (4.8.102) as the last name in the short list of the noble fallen read out to King Henry. His influence on the play may have been greater still: in the words of the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Dafydd "may indeed, as has been suggested, be the model for Shakespeare's Fluellen, the archetypal Welshman". The theory dates back to at least 1812, when it was said: "There can be little doubt but that Shakspeare, in his burlesque character of Fluellen, intended David Gam."

Fluellen: "If your Majesty is remembered of it, the Welshmen did good service in a garden where leeks did grow, wearing leeks in their Monmouth caps, which your Majesty knows, to this hour is an honourable badge of the service, and I do believe, your Majesty takes no scorn to wear the leek upon Saint Tavy's day."

King Henry: "I wear it for a memorable honour; for I am Welsh, you know, good my countryman."

Monmouthshire traditions
According to local legend, one of Gam's homes was a moated manor house at Hen Gwrt (of which only the moat survives), close to the village of Llantilio Crossenny, near Abergavenny, Monmouthshire. He is commemorated in a stained glass window, of unknown date, in the north wall of Llantilio Crossenny church. The Latin inscription reads in translation: "David Gam, golden haired knight, Lord of the manor of Llantilio Crossenny, killed on the field of Agincourt 1415".

title: Dafydd Gam


text:
Talk:Leeroy Jenkins

Origin of the name
If anyone hasn't noticed, the origin of the name Leeroy Jenkins might come from a TV Evangelist. No, I'm not kidding. I was watching the History Channel, and there was a Televangelist named LeRoy Jenkins. He's the guy who sells "Miracle Water." It's pronounced "Le" as in "lead" and then "roy," different than "Leeroy." Anyways, thought I'd stick taht up... seeing as Leeroy was a paladin... LeRoy sells healing waters... I dunno, seems like that's where he got the name.

Link: http://www.religionnewsblog.com/3585/state-orders-evangelist-to-stop-selling-miracle-water —Preceding unsigned comment added by IronCrow (talk • contribs) 08:09, 30 November 2007 (UTC)

Racism Revisited
I wonder if any of the comments in the "Racism?" section (above) were posted by people of color. My guess is probably not. But that's not important - in the online realm, reason and logic alone should guide these discussions. Unfortunately, I see little of that. Only one poster cited evidence - an article which states the following: "'One forty-ounce-malt-liquor-fueled night when he was getting his electrical-engineering degree, [...] Ben and his friends decided to create the most culturally inappropriate character names imaginable for a bunch of white guys playing video games. Out of Ben's inebriated mouth tumbled 'Leeroy Jenkins,' a moniker so amusing that he decided to use it for his characters in assorted games -- and, ultimately, World of Warcraft.'"

We can't simply ask Wikipedians of color whether Leeroy Jenkins is offensive to them. For better or worse, that's not how it works here. What we can and should do is examine Ben Schulz's comment in light of the above quote.

As I see it, Schultz chose the name "Leeroy Jenkins" because of the absurdity (in his mind) of attaching a "black" name to his white avatars. The intonation of his in-game exclamation and later response to other players strongly suggest that he attempts to convey his idea of a "black" persona as well. If we can agree on this much, then it follows that Schultz's belief that stating "at least I have chicken" fits a "black" persona is, indeed, racist. sæ (talk) 21:47, 9 September 2008 (UTC)
 * No, we should't examine anything. Thats what WP:NOR is all about. We can state that the name was chosen has a culturally inappropriate name, but we cannot speculate as to why that was the case. Metao (talk) 01:20, 10 September 2008 (UTC)
 * I think you might be corect. It seems that the production of scholarly sources simply cannot keep up with an information superhighway in constant need of self-analysis. Given the key role this site plays in internet culture, this is highly problematic. I consider the talk page to be part of the article, and that anybody researching anything vaguely contested should come here... The scholars of digital culture who are likely to write to sources that we are allowed to cite certainally will! If we think an issue matters, then it is good practise to discuss it here, as it is only one click away from the main article, and so that as soon as the pending scholarly source is published, we can stick it right into the main one, having already done the discussion. Courtesy of Gavla 04:11, 26 October 2008 (UTC)

No mention at all about SpikeTV commercials parodying?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UiBfF0cSEeM http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BZjXqXkJ0_Y&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uTDqClH0zGo&feature=related

These three videos commercials played on Spike TV, before the date mentioned at the end of the commercial. Unfortunately, I do not remember which year. Could someone gather and put up the information on this? I'm a bit busy. Ulgar (talk) 00:30, 13 November 2008 (UTC)
 * The mentions have been there and were removed due to being unreferenced. Metao (talk) 01:40, 13 November 2008 (UTC)
 * You might try http://www.lunabean.com/news/20061207_spike_tv_leeroy.php as a likely source. Metao (talk) 01:42, 13 November 2008 (UTC)

Article doesn't explain satisfactorily
The article implies that LJ is a character in the game, but he is not. LJ is apparently a fictional game player - the in-game character did not have the monicker "LJ", but the voice of the person playing him did. This isn't made clear in the article either. In fact, no mention is made at all of who voiced LJ in the video. (In effect, which "actor" played the part.) This article is poorly written at present.68.145.161.33 (talk) 13:12, 24 April 2009 (UTC)

 * I couldn't make heads or tails of it. --71.126.140.46 (talk) 05:33, 15 July 2009 (UTC)

Was it real or a high dollar big media company product team campaign? If so, what was the target of the campaign? The video game? FireAi.one (talk) 19:26, 3 November 2021 (UTC)

Dead link to Armed Forces Journal Article
In this article, this interesting and valuable point " The meme spread further in 2009, when the Armed Forces Journal published an article titled "Let's Do This!: Leeroy Jenkins and the American Way of Advising". The article, by Capt. Robert M Chamberlain, links Jenkins to the American approach to advising Iraq.[11]" is a reference to this article: http://www.armedforcesjournal.com/2009/06/4036672/ this link is dead. The article appears to be copied on this forum: http://www.worldaffairsboard.com/middle-east-north-africa/52891-let-s-do-leeroy-jenkins-american-way-advising.html but I can't confirm that this is the exact same article. What should be done about this?206.217.95.210 (talk) 22:27, 6 February 2014 (UTC)

Legacy section?
I think this article should have a "legacy" section or have its "Reaction" section re-written to incorporate what could be considered legacy (ex. parodies made long after the original video). (Here's an example of a more recent parody.) The current "Reaction" section only has what occurred soon after the video was uploaded, whereas a "Legacy" section would have content that was created quite a bit after the fact. A merged "Reaction/ Legacy" section would have both. -- Gestrid (talk) 06:29, 25 August 2016 (UTC)

Use of YouTube videos as references
Some seem to disagree with this. Why? YouTube links are the exact content that needs to be sourced. I do not see the problem. As for copyright, short videos of film/TV references are protected under fair use. This is a non-issue. --82.24.5.56 (talk) 00:44, 11 October 2016 (UTC)
 * It's a problem because of our user-generated content policy, which says Content from websites whose content is largely user-generated is... generally unacceptable.  — Gestrid  ( talk ) 00:56, 11 October 2016 (UTC)
 * The only (likely) way this wouldn't apply is if it were from an official, verified YouTube channel (a YouTube channel with the checkmark next to the channel name).  — Gestrid  ( talk ) 01:03, 11 October 2016 (UTC)
 * While I can appreciate that, the fact remains that my references are the source material, and you won't get a better reference. Things like trivia will only be cited through user-submitted media, because the copyright holders for the media in question have no reason to host the references themselves. (Keep in mind it is fair use to upload short clips as I said.) I'm not sure how a verified icon on YouTube could be counted as the be-all and end-all of a legitimate source. Let's be honest: a lot of verified channels host content that is questionable in nature, and them being verified doesn't change the fact a channel doesn't hold the copyright, so I see it as a moot point. For instance, would a video reference of PewDiePie screaming while playing something particular (to be referenced) in a video game be regarded as more legitimate than a video just showing the reference alone from an unpopular and unverified channel? I hope you can see what I mean.

 * I wish I could see things the way long-time editors here do, but it comes across as awfully anal and I think time could be better spent on things that matter. It ruins the fun and discourages smaller occasional contributors who mean no harm. I just spent a little time referencing what is literally the source, and it's useful information on Leeroy Jenkins that simply adds to the article. I don't see why editors should wipe that away for the sake of something so draconian.
 * 82.24.5.56 (talk) 02:01, 11 October 2016 (UTC)

 * It's helpful to read the relevant guidelines at MOS:POPCULT. Here's the bigger issue, Wikipedia is an encyclopedia and not a compendium of trivia. That something is referenced by a TV show or whatever is trivia. If instead you can find a source that discusses the subject's (in this case the Leeroy Jenkins meme) use as a reference in various media then that would be encyclopedic -- it would help readers understand how the subject has been represented in media at large instead of just being a list of occurrences.

 * Following on that, we cannot just list things and expect readers to figure out the significance. We must provide the explanation that we summarize from an existing reliable source that we then supply a citation for. None of what you added back in meets any of these requirements.

 * Further, some of these are copyright violations which cannot allow to stay. Period. Yes, there are fair use exemptions possible but since your edit doesn't meet any other standards required by Wikipedia these are just straight up clear violations (WP:COPYVIO) of the policy against linking to copyright violations. I've removed what I think are the clear copyright violations (left a few in that do not appear to be copyright violations). We need to have very good arguments in line with Wikpedia policy and guidelines before allowing those links. The others need good arguments in line with Wikipedia policy and guidelines in order to justify keeping them here. As it stands they appear to be unencyclopedic content, trivia, according to Wikipedia guidelines and should be removed as well. SQGibbon (talk) 19:34, 11 October 2016 (UTC)

 * Also, while adding the links may or may not have been a copyright violation, they were linking to possibly copyrighted content, which we can't allow.  — Gestrid  ( talk ) 22:26, 11 October 2016 (UTC)

 * We can link to copyrighted material as long as it is all properly licensed from the owner of the copyright and/or the website with the material. Heck, pretty much everything linked to from Wikipedia is copyrighted, the question is whether it's properly licensed. So that's what I meant by stressing the copyright violation aspect -- if the material isn't licensed for distribution on Youtube then it is a copyright violation and we cannot link to it (except possibly under a fair use exemption -- which I don't think has been established in this case). SQGibbon (talk) 01:13, 12 October 2016 (UTC)

 * A lot of articles (rather than videos) linked to on Wikipedia are from websites where a verification of licensing cannot be easily attained. Furthermore, a lot of articles link to copyrighted videos from an unverified source. I don't see how this is so different. But fair enough as rules are rules. It seems contributing to Wikipedia is always an uphill battle, but thanks anyway.
 * 82.24.5.56 (talk) 01:19, 15 October 2016 (UTC)

 * The thing about Wikipedia is that there are millions of articles, many of which haven't been seen or touched in years. Many of the articles were either last edited before many of our rules came about or were edited by an ignorant user who didn't know better (much like happened with me when I first registered an account) and nobody noticed it for one reason or another.  —  Gestrid  ( talk ) 05:09, 15 October 2016 (UTC)

Racist Origins
It's funny that people are denying the fact that Leeroy Jenkins is racist. The creator admitted the name is "culturally inappropriate," the character has the darkest shade of skin possible on a WoW character at the time, the other characters in the guild have stereotypically black sounding names like "Jamaal" "Abdul" "Juron", he is loud and dumb, he is affecting a stereotypically black voice and he talks about chicken. The character is supposed to be a black minstrel stereotype.

It should be in the article that Leeroy is racist.

68.225.220.46 (talk) 21:40, 5 October 2018 (UTC)
 * If someone is interested to put something about this into the article, there is some literature about this. I have written the German article about Leeroy Jenkins and added a "criticism"-section there. I have used the following literature:
 * --Redrobsche (talk) 16:02, 9 January 2020 (UTC)
 * --Redrobsche (talk) 16:02, 9 January 2020 (UTC)
 * --Redrobsche (talk) 16:02, 9 January 2020 (UTC)

I added this to the page with the citations given. - Handamoniumflows (talk) 15:01, 4 November 2023 (UTC)

 * This was removed from the article despite multiple citations. I am wondering what would be required to include it again, as the content is not in question despite being controversial. The racial component was pronounced at the origin of the meme and is preserved through Internet Archive's materials related to the guild he was a part of. I can provide more citations and evidence if that could lead to restoration of the article section. Handamoniumflows (talk) 16:14, 26 January 2024 (UTC)
 * I have made the same experience in the German Wikipedia. The section was removed several times by different users because it would be "poor scientific work", "not relevant", or "Zeitgeist excesses". Maybe the removing user FMSky likes to explain the removal. --Redrobsche (talk) 21:40, 31 January 2024 (UTC)
 * This isn't really a thing that's widely discussed and we shouldn't give too much weight to fringe theories, see WP:DUE --FMSky (talk) 05:14, 1 February 2024 (UTC)

Leeroy Jenkins Name Origins
The origin may not be fully known (and may never actually be pinned down specifically) but it certainly did NOT begin with WoW in 2005. I recall Adventurequest having a leero jenkins quest (with the exact name and famous yell) occurring, which was created before that video ever came out. The phrase itself is older than WoW and Blizzard is a piece of crap for trying to act like they created it. They might have popularized it but that is NOT creation.

Where is Leeroy now?
Was this whole thing a spun up social media promo created by a big media company like Sirius XM Satellite Radio? FireAi.one (talk) 19:24, 3 November 2021 (UTC)

Other appearances
Currently this section is essentially an "in popular culture" section and most of the examples are non-notable; it's already tagged for being WP:OR. Personally I'd propose deleting this section in its entirety. All these examples are references to the meme and there's not a strong standard of noteworthiness on any of them; TVTropes exists for people who want a list of every time someone made the reference. At a minimum I think it should be retitled to "In Popular Culture" since the rest of the article describes a player character and these aren't appearances of that character, just references to them (the inclusion of them in a later WoW expansion or Hearthstone would qualify as both an appearance and noteworthy, but both are mentioned in the section above). I don't feel super strongly about it though; anyone else have thoughts? Dylnuge (Talk • Edits) 03:02, 30 April 2022 (UTC)

 * Some, that got noted in reliable sources, can stay, but most of the list should go, because it is original research. Anything left should be rewritten in prose, not a list, because that invites additional cruft to be added, and put in context. ᴢxᴄᴠʙɴᴍ (ᴛ) 19:01, 19 June 2022 (UTC)

 * I took a crack at revising it and merging it with the above section. I dropped a bunch of the references, since it just seem worth having a massive list when a handful of examples can make the same point. Hopefully this is somewhat better. Dylnuge  (Talk • Edits) 00:23, 9 September 2022 (UTC)

 * Also mentioned in Charles Stross' novel The Apocalypse Codex, where one of the characters has a "WWLJD" bracelet (as she explains at one point, "What Would Leeroy Jenkins Do?") ELSchissel (talk) 22:50, 2 February 2024 (UTC)

Reference to Leroy Jenkins in Psych Season Six Episode 2
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psych_(season_6)

Leroy Jenkins was a name of a character used in this episode with the main character Shawn saying the name as it appears in the video. 2601:681:5902:63F0:50D3:E52F:A0EA:1B8D (talk) 19:29, 13 April 2023 (UTC)

Sorry, wasn't logged in when I posted this. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Drdavis (talk • contribs) 19:31, 13 April 2023 (UTC)

Origin of the saying?
No World of Warcraft was NOT the first use of "LEERROYYY!!!". I was on a battle field game with many others. We had a battle arena events. I want to say it was knight online or turf battles but I am not honestly sure of the game title anymore. During the count down BEFORE World of Warcraft (WoW) was even a game. the count down would go 3..2..1 CHARGE!! and each side would run out into the field at each other. Leeroy made mistakes at first but he got the time right down to when "CHARGE!" was being yelled he would jump the end of the timer. So instead of yelling charge at first many would yell at him to basically knock it off, stop jumping the clock! It got to be a fun joke so we started all yelling "LEEROYYY!!" instead of charge. This was years before WoW. I finally came here to put it correct because I get sick and tired of people thinking WoW was where it first started.

I did see him in WoW later and we talked and he laughed and recalled my game name came from those arena events too. I sucked at PVP. So any opponent would camp at the four corners and when i spawn kill me so fast my team mates would see me almost in all four corners. He laughed and said "oh yes you must have been Omni". Yup I was Omnipresent in that same game. So yes he remembered.

So no the leeroy was initially just to replace 'CHARGE!' and NOT some person that ruined it for everybody, nor was WoW the first game it happened in. Granted the video and WoW might be where it became famous, and the meaning slightly twisted, but no it wasn't the first for Ben to use the name by far, or even where the leeroy shout started from. FirstOmniPresent (talk) 03:59, 10 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Leeroy Jenkins


text:
Beaver Creek Airport

Beaver Creek Airport is located 1 NM northwest of Beaver Creek, Yukon, Canada, and is operated by the Yukon government. The gravel runway is 3745 by, and is at an elevation of 2131 ft.

The airport is classified as an airport of entry by Nav Canada and is staffed by the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA). CBSA officers at this airport can handle general aviation aircraft only, with no more than 15 passengers.

Beaver Creek Airport is the westernmost airport in Canada.

Construction
Jack Stalberg built this airport in the 1960s. He leased the land from the government and cleared a dirt airstrip out of the bush so he could pursue his love of flying. In 2000, the community of Beaver Creek dedicated the airstrip to Stalberg, thanking him for his effort and dedication. The monument at the airport reads, "The Yukon has always been home to pioneers and people of rare vision. These words are to recognize Jack Stalberg as one such person. Through his vision, and the determination to make that vision a reality, the Beaver Creek Airport was born. Thank you, Jack. The community of Beaver Creek and the general flying public are in your debt."

title: Beaver Creek Airport


text:
Burwash Airport

Burwash Airport is located 2 NM northwest of Burwash Landing, Yukon, Canada, and is operated by the Yukon government.

title: Burwash Airport


text:
Dawson City Airport

Dawson City Airport is located 8 NM east of Dawson City, Yukon, Canada, in the Klondike River valley, and is operated by the Yukon government. It has a terminal building and a runway which was paved in May 2019. The asphalt runway is 5003 x long and at an elevation of 1215 ft. A number of studies have recommended moving the airport or realigning the runway as it is in a narrow mountain valley.

The airport is classified as an airport of entry by Nav Canada and is staffed by the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA). CBSA officers at this airport can normally handle aircraft with up to 15 passengers, but are equipped to handle daily Boeing 737 charters between Dawson City and Fairbanks (Fairbanks International Airport) during the peak summer tourism season.

title: Dawson City Airport


text:
Faro Airport (Yukon)

Faro Airport is located 1.5 NM south of Faro, Yukon, Canada, and is operated by the Yukon government. The gravel runway is 3997 ft long and is at an elevation of 2350 ft.

title: Faro Airport (Yukon)


text:
The New Negro

The New Negro: An Interpretation (1925) is an anthology of fiction, poetry, and essays on African and African-American art and literature edited by Alain Locke, who lived in Washington, DC, and taught at Howard University during the Harlem Renaissance. As a collection of the creative efforts coming out of the burgeoning New Negro Movement or Harlem Renaissance, the book is considered by literary scholars and critics to be the definitive text of the movement. Part 1 of The New Negro: An Interpretation, titled "The Negro Renaissance", includes Locke's title essay "The New Negro", as well as nonfiction essays, poetry, and fiction by writers including Countee Cullen, Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston, Claude McKay, Jean Toomer, and Eric Walrond.

The New Negro: An Interpretation dives into how the African Americans sought social, political, and artistic change. Instead of accepting their position in society, Locke saw the New Negro as championing and demanding civil rights. In addition, his anthology sought to change old stereotypes and replace them with new visions of black identity that resisted simplification. The essays and poems in the anthology mirror real life events and experiences.

The anthology reflects the voice of middle-class African-American citizens that wanted to have equal civil rights like their white, middle-class counterparts. However, some writers, such as Langston Hughes, sought to give voice to the lower, working class.

Part 1: The Negro Renaissance
Part 1 contains Locke's title essay "The New Negro", as well as the fiction and poetry sections. One of the poems, "White Houses", represents the African American's struggle to confront and challenge the White House and white America, in order to fight for civil rights. It shows a figure being shut out and left on the street to fend for himself. This is a figure who is not allowed the glory of the inside world, which represents the American ideals of freedom and opportunity. The hypothetical influence on the structure of race and ideology reverberated through "The New Negro."

Part 2: The New Negro in a New World
"The New Negro in a New World" includes social and political analysis by writers including W. E. B. Du Bois, historian E. Franklin Frazier, Melville J. Herskovits, James Weldon Johnson, Paul U. Kellogg, Elise Johnson McDougald, Kelly Miller, Robert R. Moton, and activist Walter Francis White.

The book contains several portraits by Winold Reiss and illustrations by Aaron Douglas. It was published by Albert and Charles Boni, New York, in 1925.

The "Old" vs The "New" Negro
Locke commonly draws on the theme of the "Old" vs. the "New Negro". The Old Negro according to Locke was a "creature of moral debate and historical controversy". The Old Negro was restricted by the inhumane conditions of slavery that he was forced to live in; historically traumatized due to events forced upon them and the social perspective of them as a whole. The Old Negro was something to be pushed and moved around and told what to do and worried about. The Old Negro was a product of stereotypes and judgments that were put on them, not ones that they created. They were forced to live in a shadow of themselves and others' actions.

The New Negro, according to Locke, refers to Negroes who now have an understanding of themselves. They no longer lack self-respect and self-dependence, which has created a new dynamic and allowed the birth of the New Negro. The Negro spirituals revealed themselves; suppressed for generations under the stereotypes of Wesleyan hymn harmony, secretive, half-ashamed, until the courage of being natural brought them out—and behold, there was folk music. They have become the Negro of today, which is also the changed Negro. Locke speaks about the migration having an effect on the Negro, leveling the playing field and increasing the realm of the Negro because they were moved out of the South and into areas where they could start over. The migration in a sense transformed Negroes and fused them together as they came from all over the world, all walks of life, and all different backgrounds.

Self-expression
One of the themes in Locke's anthology is self-expression. Locke states, "It was rather the necessity for fuller, truer self-expression, the realization of the unwisdom of allowing social discrimination to segregate him mentally, and a counter-attitude to cramp and fetter his own living—and so the 'spite-wall'... has happily been taken down." He explains how it is important to realize that social discrimination can mentally affect you and bring you down. In order to break through that social discrimination, self-expression is needed to show who you truly are, and what you believe in. For Locke, this idea of self-expression is embedded in the poetry, art, and education of the Negro community. Locke includes essays and poems in his anthology that emphasize the theme of self-expression. For example, the poem "Tableau," by Countée Cullen, is about a white boy and a black boy who walk with locked arms while others judge them. It represents that despite the history of racial discrimination from the whites to the blacks, they show what they believe is right in their self-expression, no matter how other people judge them. Their self-expression allows them not to let the judgement make them conform to societal norms with the separation of blacks and whites. Cullen's poem, "Heritage," also shows how one finds self-expression in facing the weight of their own history as African Americans brought from Africa to America as slaves. Langston Hughes' poem, "Youth," puts forth the message that Negro youth have a bright future, and that they should rise together in their self-expression and seek freedom.

Jazz and Blues
The publication of Locke's anthology coincided with the rise of the Jazz Age, the Roaring Twenties, and the Lost Generation. Locke's anthology acknowledges how the Jazz Age heavily impacted both individuals and the African-American community collectively, describing it as "a spiritual coming of age" for African-American artists and thinkers, who seized upon their "first chances for group expression and self-determination." Harlem Renaissance poets and artists such as Langston Hughes, Claude McKay, and Georgia Douglas Johnson explored the beauty and pain of black life through jazz and blues and sought to define themselves and their community outside of white stereotypes.

Some of the most prominent African-American artists who were greatly influenced by the "New Negro" concept, as reflected in their music and concert works, were William Grant Still and Duke Ellington. Ellington, a renowned jazz artist, began to reflect the "New Negro" in his music, particularly in the jazz suite Black, Brown, and Beige. The Harlem Renaissance prompted a renewed interest in black culture that was even reflected in the work of white artists, the most well known example being George Gershwin's Porgy and Bess.

Reception
The release of The New Negro and the writing and philosophy laid out by Locke were met with wide support. However, not everyone agreed with the New Negro movement and its ideas. Some criticized the author's selections, specifically Eric Walrond, who wrote the collection of short stories Tropic Death (1926). He found Locke's selected "contemporary black leaders inadequate or ineffective in dealing with the cultural and political aspirations of black masses". Others, like the African-American academic Harold Cruse, even found the term New Negro "politically naive or overly optimistic". Even some modern late 20th-century authors such as Gilbert Osofsky were concerned that the ideas of the New Negro would go on to stereotype and glamorize black life. Notable black scholar, author, and sociologist W. E. B. DuBois also had a different vision for the type of movement that should have stemmed from the New Negro ideology, hoping that it would go beyond an artistic movement and become more political in nature. The New Negro did eventually influence a movement that went beyond being simply artistic and reshaped the minds of African Americans through political beliefs and promoted a sense of black involvement in the American government, but Locke was adamant about the movement going beyond the United States borders and being a worldwide awakening. Yet, due to the circumstances of the time and the tremendous diversity of opinions about the future of the movement, ideals stemming from the New Negro would not be widely acknowledged again until the civil rights movement (1954–1968). Still, Locke would go on to continue defending the idea of the New Negro.

Legacy
After Locke published The New Negro, the anthology seemed to have served its purpose in trying to demonstrate that African Americans were advancing intellectually, culturally, and socially. This was important in a time like the early 20th century when African Americans were still being looked down upon by most whites. They did not get the same respect as whites did, and that was changing. The publication of The New Negro was able to help many of the authors featured in the anthology get their names and work more widely known. The publication became a rallying cry to other African Americans to try and join the up-and-coming New Negro movement at the time. The New Negro was also instrumental in making strides toward dispelling negative stereotypes associated with African Americans.

Locke's legacy sparks a reoccurring interest in examining African culture and art. Not only was his philosophy important during the Harlem Renaissance period, but continuing today, researchers and academia continue to analyze Locke's work. His anthology The New Negro: An Interpretation has endured years of reprinting spanning from 1925 until 2015. It has been reprinted in book form some 35 times since its original publication in 1925 by New York publisher Albert and Charles Boni. The most recent reprint was published by Mansfield Center CT: Martino Publishing, 2015.

Beyond Locke's work being reprinted, his influences extend to other authors and academics interested in Locke's views and philosophy of African culture and art. Author Anna Pochmara wrote The Making of the New Negro. Journal articles by Leonard Harris, Alain Locke and Community and Identity: Alain Locke's Atavism. Essays by John C. Charles, ''What was Africa to him? : Alain Locke in the book New Voices on the Harlem Renaissance''.

Locke's influence on the Harlem Renaissance encouraged artists and writers like Zora Neale Hurston to seek inspiration from Africa. Artists Aaron Douglas, William H. Johnson, Archibald Motley, and Horace Pippin created artwork representing the "New Negro Movement" influenced by Locke's anthology.

title: The New Negro


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Mayo Airport

Mayo Airport is located 1.5 NM north of Mayo, Yukon, Canada, and is operated by the Yukon government. The airport was formerly served by Air North.

title: Mayo Airport


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Old Crow Airport

Old Crow Airport is located in Old Crow, Yukon, Canada, and is operated by the Yukon government. The gravel runway is 5022 x and is at an elevation of 816 ft. The airport is extremely important to the community, which is not accessible by road.

The airport is classified as an airport of entry by Nav Canada and the Canada Border Services Agency. This airport currently can handle general aviation aircraft only, with no more than 15 passengers.

title: Old Crow Airport


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Teslin Airport

Teslin Airport is located on the northwest side of Teslin, Yukon, Canada, and is operated by the Yukon government. The gravel runway is 5000 ft long and is at an elevation of 2313 ft.

title: Teslin Airport


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Watson Lake Airport

Watson Lake Airport is located 5 NM west of Watson Lake, Yukon, Canada, and is operated by the Yukon government. The paved asphalt runway is 5500 ft long and is at an elevation of 2255 ft.

Historical airline service
Commencing in the early 1940s, scheduled passenger service was operated in the past by Canadian Pacific Air Lines and its successors CP Air and Canadian Airlines International to Vancouver, British Columbia; Edmonton, Alberta; Whitehorse, Yukon; Fort Nelson, British Columbia; Fort St. John, British Columbia and Prince George, British Columbia. CP Air served the airport with Boeing 737-200 jetliners during the 1970s with direct, no change of plane flights to all of the above destinations; however, this jet service ended as a result of deregulation. Other Canadian Pacific flights into the airport over the years were operated with such twin engine prop aircraft as the Lockheed Lodestar, the Douglas DC-3 and the Convair 240 as well as with the larger, four engine Douglas DC-6B propliner and the Bristol Britannia turboprop.

Passenger service was also provided in the mid 1990s by several regional and commuter airlines such as Central Mountain Air flying Beechcraft twin turboprop aircraft and Alkan Air operating Piper Navajo aircraft.

As of September 12, 2016, Alkan Air resumed thrice-weekly scheduled service between Watson Lake and Whitehorse. The service ended at the end of September 2018.

title: Watson Lake Airport


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Chinese BASIC

Chinese BASIC is the name given to several Chinese-localized versions of the BASIC programming language in the early 1980s.

Versions
At least two versions of Chinese BASIC were modified Applesoft BASIC that accepted Chinese commands and variables. They were built into some Taiwan-made Apple II clones. One of these was shipped with the best-selling Multitech Microprofessor II (known as Acer today). Another version was shipped with MiTAC's Little Intelligent Computer (小神通).

In addition to Apple II clones, Multitech also developed a Zilog Z80-based port of the Chinese BASIC for its own line of high-end computers.

Example
In a typical Chinese BASIC environment, Chinese and English commands are interchangeable. It may also accept Chinese and Latin alphabet variables. For example, you may use PRINT A in line 50, 印 A in line 200 and ? A in line 250. They all do the same thing—to print out the value of A on screen.

This program calculates the sum of $log (E) + log (E+1) + log (E+2) + ... + log (F)$. The Chinese characters used as variables are the 24 radicals of the Cangjie method, one of the earliest QWERTY keyboard-compatible Chinese input methods.

The significant length of an Applesoft BASIC variable name is restricted to two bytes. Therefore, the variables THISNUMBER and THATNUMBER are treated as the same. In Multitech's Chinese BASIC, a variable can be 3 bytes long (one Chinese character + one numeral).

title: Chinese BASIC


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User talk:S4T4N

Do not vandalize or you will be prevented from editing. Lupo 13:23, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Please stop adding nonsense to Wikipedia. It is considered vandalism. If you were just trying to experiment, then use the sandbox instead. Thank you. - Tεx  τ  urε  20:03, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:S4T4N


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Tinkerbird

The tinkerbirds or tinker barbets are the genus Pogoniulus of the Lybiidae, the African barbet family of near passerines, which was formerly included in the Capitonidae and sometimes in the Ramphastidae. Tinkerbirds are widely distributed in tropical Africa.

List of species in taxonomic order
Supposed fossil remains of Late Miocene tinkerbirds were found at Kohfidisch (Austria) but are not yet thoroughly studied. It is not clear whether they belong to an extant genus, but given the late date this may well be so.

title: Tinkerbird


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User:WhatPotato?

What Potato?

Favourite Films Dude, Where's My Car? Harold and Kumar Get The Munchies, Shaun of the Dead

Favourite TV Programmes Scrubs, Big Brother, Family Guy, Futurama.

Favourite Book I haven't read in fucking ages so I dunno

Favourite Websites http://www.b3ta.com, http://www.weebls-stuff.com, http://www.heavy.com, http://www.fat-pie.com.

Favourite Bands The Libertines, Razorlight, Babyshambles, The Killers

Favourite Footy Team Liverpool F.C

title: User:WhatPotato?


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USS Wyalusing

USS Wyalusing was a double-ended, side-wheel gunboat that served in the United States Navy during the American Civil War. She was named for the borough of Wyalusing in Bradford County, Pennsylvania.

Wyalusing was built at Philadelphia by C. H. & W. H. Cramp, launched on 12 May 1863, and commissioned at the Philadelphia Navy Yard on 8 February 1864, with Lieutenant Commander Walter W. Queen in command.

Battle with Albemarle, 5 May 1864
Assigned to the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron, Wyalusing joined the contingent of that force stationed in Albemarle Sound, North Carolina on 29 April. Just 10 days before her arrival, the Confederate ironclad ram CSS Albemarle had made her long-awaited appearance in battle, ramming two of the blockading Union gunboats in the process. As a result of her support, Confederate land forces recaptured Plymouth, North Carolina on 20 April. Wyalusing had her first scrape with the formidable Confederate warship on 5 May. Albemarle steamed out of her haven on the Roanoke River that afternoon accompanied by steamers CSS Bombshell and CSS Cotton Plant to try to wreak more havoc on the blockaders. The Union picket boats stationed at the mouth of the Roanoke retired to raise the alarm. Gunboats USS Mattabesett (1864), USS Sassacus (1862), USS Whitehead (1861) and Wyalusing immediately formed a line of battle supported by USS Miami (1861), USS Commodore Hull (1862) and USS Ceres (1856).

When the Southern ram appeared, Mattabesset, Whitehead and Wyalusing opened fire almost simultaneously. Wyalusing passed Albemarle at about 150 yards distance, rounded her, and headed to attack Bombshell. The latter Confederate, however, had already surrendered, so Wyalusing backed clear of her and renewed the attack on the more formidable foe, Albemarle. A heavy, but inconclusive, gun action ensued. Impending darkness brought the fighting to a close, and Albemarle headed back up the Roanoke.

Raid on Albemarle, 26 May 1864
Wyalusing and her consorts resumed blockade station in the sound, but all efforts were made over the next five months to destroy the Confederate ironclad. The first of those missions was concocted and attempted by five Wyalusing sailors on 26 May. They rowed up Middle River that afternoon carrying two 100-pound torpedoes, and then carried them by stretcher across the swampland separating the Middle and Roanoke Rivers to a point just above and opposite Albemarle's mooring place at Plymouth. Two of the sailors then swam across the river with a towline attached to the explosive devices and then hauled them across. The torpedoes were then joined by a bridle, and one of the sailors guided them down toward the ram hoping to place the bridle across her prow with a torpedo making contact with either side of her hull. He was then to swim clear before another man stationed across the river detonated the torpedoes electrically. The Confederates caught sight of both swimmer and torpedoes when they were just a few yards short of their goal. A hail of musketry from the shore followed soon after a sentry's hail. The swimmer quickly cut the guide line, retired, and then swam back across the river. The five Union sailors scattered. Three returned to Wyalusing on the evening of 28 May. The remaining two rejoined their ship the following night after rescue by Commodore Hull. The five men, Coxswain John W. Lloyd, Coal Heavers Charles H. Baldwin and Benjamin Lloyd, and Firemen Alexander Crawford and John Laverty, ultimately received the Medal of Honor for their attempt.

Destruction of Albemarle, 28 October 1864
During the ensuing months, while Wyalusing remained on station in the sound, more unsuccessful plans to destroy the Confederate ram were developed. It was not until the night of 27 October—28 that Lieutenant William B. Cushing accomplished Albemarle's destruction in a steam launch outfitted with a spar torpedo. That event opened the way for the recapture of Plymouth and for further offensive action on the Roanoke and Middle Rivers.

Recapture of Plymouth
On 29 October, Wyalusing, in company with other gunboats, steamed up the Roanoke toward Plymouth; but, just below the objective, impassable barriers barred the way. Undaunted, the warships crossed over to Middle River, journeyed to another crossover point above Plymouth, and then steamed downriver toward the goal. The next day, the gunboats exchanged shot and shell with Confederate shore batteries and rifle pits protecting Plymouth. The Confederates fought stubbornly, but the heavy-caliber Union cannonade eventually prevailed and forced the Southerners to abandon their fortifications. A landing party from Wyalusing took possession of Fort Williams, captured prisoners, and helped to retake Plymouth.

Rainbow Bluff expedition, December 1864
On 9 December, an expedition, of which Wyalusing was a part, moved farther up the Roanoke to capture Rainbow Bluff and another Confederate ram, rumored to be under construction at Halifax, North Carolina. While anchoring near Jamesville, North Carolina, USS Otsego (1863), another gunboat, struck two torpedoes (mines) and sank up to her gun deck. USS Bazely (1863), a tug, moved alongside Otsego to offer assistance, but she, too, struck a torpedo and sank immediately. Wyalusing and the remainder of the expedition left the two partially sunken ships under the protection of their own unsubmerged guns and headed upriver, cautiously dragging for torpedoes as they went. By the time they had reached the point of attack, the Confederate positions at Rainbow Bluff had been so well reinforced and the approaches so heavily strewn with torpedoes that the Union ships had to abandon the enterprise. Wyalusing and her consorts returned to Plymouth on 28 December 1864 and resumed blockade and amphibious support duties.

End of the Civil War
On 9 January 1865, she captured the schooner Triumph, laden with salt, at the mouth of the Perquimans River. She also helped to clear the various rivers and streams along the sound of obstructions and torpedoes and managed to capture a Confederate schooner in the process. She continued duty in the Albemarle Sound and Cape Hatteras areas until a month after General Robert E. Lee's surrender at Appomattox, Virginia on 9 April. She arrived in New York on 21 May and was decommissioned there on 10 June 1865. Later transferred to Philadelphia, she was sold there on 15 October 1867.

As of 2005, no other ship in the United States Navy has been named Wyalusing.

title: USS Wyalusing


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New Hampshire Route 16

New Hampshire Route 16 (NH 16) is a 154.771 mi, north–south state highway in New Hampshire, United States, the main road connecting the Seacoast region to the Lakes Region and the White Mountains. Much of its length is close to the border with Maine. The section from Portsmouth to Milton is a controlled-access toll highway known as the Spaulding Turnpike. Between Milton and Chocorua, and between Conway and Glen, it is known as the White Mountain Highway. It is known as Chocorua Mountain Highway between Chocorua and Conway and various other local names before crossing into Maine about 20 mi south of the Canadian border. Portions of NH 16 run concurrent with U.S. Route 4 (US 4), US 202, NH 25, and US 302, and US 2.

The southern terminus of NH 16 is at the Portsmouth Traffic Circle, intersecting with Interstate 95 and the US 1 Bypass. The northern terminus is at the Maine state line near Wentworth Location, where it continues as Maine State Route 16.

There are three auxiliary routes of NH 16, two loops labeled 16A and one labeled 16B.

Portsmouth to Milton (Spaulding Turnpike)
For the section of NH 16 between Portsmouth and Milton, see the Spaulding Turnpike article.

Milton to Bartlett
From Milton, NH 16 continues north, roughly paralleling the Maine border. In Wakefield, the road takes a turn to the northwest heading towards Ossipee. NH 16 turns back to a northerly heading near Tamworth, then makes a turn eastward in Albany to reach Conway. NH 16 turns north again in Conway, entering the region known as the Mount Washington Valley, and begins a concurrency with US 302 at the south end of the village of North Conway. North of North Conway, in Bartlett, the southern NH 16A loop departs and rejoins NH 16 / US 302 before the road makes a westward hook.

Glen to Wentworth Location
In Glen, NH 16 turns north from US 302 and heads toward Jackson, where the northern NH 16A loop is located, as well as NH 16B, which is a loop that begins and ends at NH 16A. Continuing north, NH 16 passes through Pinkham Notch, to the east of Mount Washington, New Hampshire's highest peak, and intersecting with the base of the Mount Washington Auto Road. Route 16 meets US 2 in Gorham, sharing a short concurrency along Gorham's Main Street. Leaving US 2, Route 16 continues north along the Androscoggin River to the city of Berlin, then follows the river north through the towns of Milan and Dummer, and the township of Cambridge, into the town of Errol. From Errol NH 16 continues northeast to Wentworth Location and the Maine border. After crossing the border the road becomes Maine State Route 16 and heads east toward Rangeley.

History
From 1922 until 1926, most of the original surface alignment of NH 16 from Portsmouth to the intersection with NH 26 in Errol was known as New England Interstate Route 16, the "East Side Road". In 1926, the New England road marking system was superseded by the system of United States Numbered Highways, and many of the New England Routes, including NH 16, became state highways with the same number.

NH 16 formerly served as a non-tolled alternative to the Spaulding Turnpike between Dover and Rochester. In the early 1990s, NHDOT rerouted NH 16 onto the turnpike as a concurrency for the full length of the turnpike. The old alignment is now made up of several different roads. After crossing the Little Bay Bridge northbound from Newington to Dover, historic NH 16 traveled along Dover Point Road into downtown Dover to an intersection with NH 108, where that route used to terminate. NH 16 continued along Central Avenue north through Somersworth and into Rochester on what is now the northern stretch of NH 108. In Rochester, NH 16 used the present alignment of NH 125 through downtown and north into Milton where it met the current alignment north of the Turnpike.

After NH 16 was rerouted, the section between downtown Dover and NH 125 in Rochester became a northward extension of NH 108. From downtown Rochester the alignment to Milton is now part of NH 125. Between the Rochester/Milton town line and the northern terminus of the Spaulding Turnpike, NH 125 carries the White Mountain Highway moniker.

The Conway Bypass is a proposed re-routing of NH 16 around Conway and North Conway. While preliminary work has been done, the bypass is still in planning stages.

New Hampshire Route 16A
New Hampshire Route 16A is a designation held by two separate state highways in New Hampshire. Although not directly connected, the two routes are linked by their parent route, New Hampshire Route 16.

Southern segment
The southern segment of NH 16A is a loop road, known locally as the Intervale Resort Loop, entirely in the town of Bartlett. It splits off from U.S. Route 302 and NH 16, runs parallel to the highway for 2.484 mi, then rejoins US 302 and NH 16.

Officially, this section of NH 16A is also designated U.S. Route 302 Business, but is not signed as such anywhere along the route. This is a rare instance of a hidden route in New Hampshire and is interesting in that a duplicate state numbering has been given precedence over a unique federal one.

Northern segment
The northern segment of NH 16A is a loop road in Jackson that is 1.029 mi long. This road leaves NH 16, travels east to meet both the southern and northern termini of NH 16B (separated by just 500 ft) and returns to NH 16, passing through the Wentworth Golf Club. The local name for this route is Village Road.

New Hampshire Route 16B
New Hampshire Route 16B is a 5.381 mi long state highway located entirely in Jackson. Although the road is signed north–south, NH 16B is a nearly-complete loop, beginning and ending at intersections with NH 16A roughly 500 ft apart. Heading counterclockwise on NH 16B (signed "north") from NH 16A, NH 16B is known as Black Mountain Road, Moody Farm Road, and Carter Notch Road. The entire route has also been known as Five Mile Circuit Road, in reference to its length.

In addition to its present designation, NH 16B has been assigned to several old alignments of NH 16, but those other routes are no longer officially designated as such.

In Ossipee, NH 16B was once the designation for an old alignment of NH 16 through the village of Center Ossipee that has been bypassed by the present NH 16 southwest of Ossipee Lake. The route, 2.52 mi in length, is still called "Route 16B" on street blade signs.

Two other roads have also held the NH 16B designation. One is a local road called Old Rochester Road in Somersworth and Old Dover Road in Rochester, paralleling the Spaulding Turnpike in those two towns from NH 108 to NH 125. There is no longer any signage along the road indicating that the road was designated NH 16B.

The other road followed what is now NH 125 between NH 16 near Union and NH 153 in Union, as well as NH 153 from NH 125 north to NH 16 in Wakefield. The section of NH 125 in Carroll County is still shown as NH 16B on several maps.

title: New Hampshire Route 16