text:
Wikipedia:Categories for deletion/Log/2005 June 9

Category:Internet domains

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the category above. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete --Kbdank71 13:16, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Apparent garbage doppleganger of Category:Domain name stubs. -R. S. Shaw 21:48, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

delete. While i don't think this is a doppleganger of Category:Domain name stubs, i don't see a point in keeping a category for domains as such - it's like keeping a category:phone numbers. Sebastian (talk) 05:55, 2005 Jun 10 (UTC)
 * delete Another mis-categorization, articles would have been listed together with no relevant information between them. Might be fun to have the cat Sebastian mentions, give me numbers to call when i'm bored ;) -  <> Who ? ¿ ?  04:25, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

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Category:Lists of Mega Man characters

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the category above. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was keep --Kbdank71 13:21, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

There is no real reasonable reason for the lists of the characters to be in their own category. They are much more applicable (and accessable) in the parent category (Category:Mega Man characters) categorizing them all with a *. --TheDotGamer Talk 21:41, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Depopulated and re-cat'd. <> Who ? ¿ ?  02:46, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep, but reparent, as a child of the main Mega Man category. It's a useful navigation aid for people interested in just the individual listings of characters in the games.  For example, in Category:Pokémon, the individual pokemon Pokémon character articles are separated from the Pokémon lists articles.  The separation of characters and lists is planning for future expansion and will save time from future recategorizing.  As the Mega Man characters category continues to grow, there will be a lot more individual character articles being added to the page along with more lists.  Separating the characters and the lists will cut down on the loading time for people with slow connections and conserve server time by loading either the set of characters or set of lists rather than both sets at the same time. Sixpence 03:21, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. It's not uncommon to separate characters from lists, such as Category:Lists of Nintendo characters.  ! 03:35, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I don't find it useful and I doubt anyone ever would.  Trust me, I'm a hard core gamer and this category is useless to me.  Who in their right mind would ever need such a category? Brick Wall 03:38, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Also, this category was inappropriately depopulated while this CfD was still ongoing. I'm restoring the articles to it, they can be moved again if this CfD passes. Bryan 17:06, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment' That was my mistake, I was premature in depopulating, as I "assumed" it was an obvious outcome, and should have awaited the discussion further. I will be more diligent in the future.  <> Who ? ¿ ?  04:40, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep but rename to Category:Mega Man characters (I mean come on, "category of list of" is redundant). Radiant_ >|< 08:57, Jun 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. It looks like a standard category setup, especially for a video game franchise that has a lot of characters. Quop 02:49, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep From browsing similar category schemes such as: Category:Lists of fictional characters, Category:Lists of Nintendo characters, Category:Lists of Pokémon, Category:Lists of computer and video game characters, it looks like a valid category. Reeve 02:51, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Wait, stop. Apparently nearly all of the keep voters above (including myself) are unaware of the fact that this category is useful but redundant with Category:Mega Man characters. It is a good topic for a category, but not for two. I think we should relist this at the top of CFD with a somewhat clearer nomination, stating it's about a merge, not a delete. Radiant_ >|< 09:04, Jun 16, 2005 (UTC)

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Category:Inheritance races

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The result of the debate was delete --Kbdank71 15:07, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Empty category. All potential articles are handled as a subsection in a main article. - UtherSRG 19:50, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. DS1953 20:57, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

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Category:2000 by month

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The result of the debate was delete --Kbdank71 13:16, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

This category (now empty — it used to hold the articles January 2000, ..., December 2000) was created by User:Warofdreams following the example of Category:2001 by month, which has since been deleted. I'm nominating this one for the same reasons as the other: I feel that it makes the category system harder to use; it doesn't follow the recommendations found at Categorization (which, truth be told, I helped write); and the original creator of the category has no problem with its deletion. To help prevent future problems like this, I've added HTML comments to the chronologies at 1999, 1998, etc., back to 1990. If someone has a better solution, let me know. - dcljr (talk) 19:27, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

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Category:Persian Gulf War

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The result of the debate was delete --Kbdank71 13:16, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Empty category created by someone who objects to the normal English term "Gulf War" (and almost all of whose edits consist of changing "Gulf" or "Arabian Gulf" to "Persian Gulf", often inappropriately. Contents copy-pasted. - Mustafaa 17:23, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Almost an exact copy of Gulf war.  --Kbdank71 20:29, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Created in one single edit - apparently just copy/paste. Sebastian (talk) 05:57, 2005 Jun 10 (UTC)
 * This looks like an article, not a category. Relevant parts should be integrated into an actual article before deletion. --ssd 21:36, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Never mind, it appears to actually be a duplicate of Gulf War --ssd 21:40, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

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Category:Terpenes

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The result of the debate was delete --Kbdank71 13:16, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Empty category, obsoleted by Category:Terpenes and terpenoids. Eliot 17:09, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. There are 19 articles in the latter - no need to split it up. Sebastian (talk) 06:01, 2005 Jun 10 (UTC)
 * Delete, at least for the moment. The category was created by mistake (by me) during a recent trawl through Category:Chemistry, and the one article it ever contained has been moved into the older Category:Terpenes and terpenoids (I forgot to tag it for speedy at the time, sorry). Physchim62 19:29, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

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Category:Comic strip creators

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The result of the debate was rename --Kbdank71 15:09, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

After discussion on Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Comics it is felt the category needs renaming to Category:Comic strip cartoonists. Creators would exclude artists who work on a strip but haven't created them, and would make it a better sub of Category:Cartoonists Hiding 14:58, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Support - SoM 16:04, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment It has been pointed out my memory is faulty, and this change wasn't actually discussed on Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Comics as pointed out above. I still Support the change, however. Hiding 16:27, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Aye -  <> Who ? ¿ ?  01:36, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

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Category:Comic creators

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the category above. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was rename --Kbdank71 15:12, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

After discussion on Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Comics it is felt the category needs renaming to Category:Comics creators. This would reflect the artform comics better. Hiding 14:58, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Support - SoM 16:04, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Aye - <> Who ? ¿ ?  01:36, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * ok - Lvr 11:59, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

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Category:Comic book artists

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The result of the debate was rename --Kbdank71 15:13, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

After discussion on Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Comics it is felt the category needs renaming to Category:Comics artists. This would better reflect the artform and also reduce confusion with regards to those who create graphic novels or European comic albums and magazines. Hiding 14:58, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Support - SoM 16:04, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Aye - <> Who ? ¿ ?  01:36, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * ok - Lvr 12:05, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

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Category:Comic book writers

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The result of the debate was rename --Kbdank71 15:15, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

After discussion on Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Comics it is felt the category needs renaming to Category:Comics writers. This would better reflect the artform and also reduce confusion with regards to those who create graphic novels or European comic albums and magazines. Hiding 14:58, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Support - SoM 16:04, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Aye - <> Who ? ¿ ?  01:36, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * ok - Lvr 12:05, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * But "comics" is ambiguous as to whether it refers to comic books or comic strips. I say keep; graphic novel et al. is essentially synonymous with comic book anyway, but for different marketing/binding schemes.  Postdlf 00:11, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * The intention is for Comic Strip Cartoonists to be a subcat of this (and Comics Artists). - SoM 00:27, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * But comic book is meaningless with regards to European creators and with proper sub-categorisation, as SoM notes, those ambiguities will be solved. Hiding 10:01, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Support. Radiant_ >|< 07:35, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)

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Category:Dodgers - Retired Numbers

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The result of the debate was delete --Kbdank71 15:16, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Needs to be renamed Category:Los Angeles Dodgers Retired Numbers Gorrister 13:49, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I would think proper capitalization would be Category:Los Angeles Dodgers retired numbers, but this strikes me as excessive overcategorization. I'd prefer delete. -- Rick Block (talk) 17:52, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * I meant to capitalize as you stated, but I would also agree to delete Gorrister 19:00, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Well, to have your number retired is a true honor, like going to the Hall of Fame. What if I made it "MLB retired numbers" and put memebers of every MLB team? WikiDon 20:00, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete - SoM 22:52, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Convert to list and delete. -Sean Curtin 04:44, Jun 10, 2005 (UTC)

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Category:Korean confucianism

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The result of the debate was delete --Kbdank71 15:18, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Duplicates Category:Korean Confucianism. Yes, Confucianism is a proper noun. I should have raised the issue here before moving all the entries over... my mistake. -- Visviva 01:58, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

delete speedy. 0 articles. Sebastian (talk) 06:48, 2005 Jun 10 (UTC)
 * Delete. Fair enough. Buffyg 09:15, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

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text: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Log/2005 June 9

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
RT-1

The RT-1 was an early intercontinental ballistic missile design that was tested but not deployed by the Soviet Union during the Cold War. It was not assigned a NATO reporting name, but did carry the GRAU index 8K95.

Development was led by OKB-1 (S. P. Korolev), and a total of nine flight tests were carried out, of which the two first failed, with the last launch taking place in June 1963. Two versions of the RT-1 were developed, with the first failing its first flight, but succeeding in its second in 1961. A second version was tested in 1965 with three flights, of which two failed. The RT-1 program was cancelled before any service.

Operators

 * : The Strategic Rocket Forces were to operate the RT-1, but the program was cancelled before service entry.

title: RT-1


text:
User talk:Joseph11h

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! , SqueakBox 23:11, Jun 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
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title: User talk:Joseph11h


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Umbar

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was KEEP. No votes discounted, since pseudosigned user has been around a while, made a few edits and has focussed strongly on Tolkien-related things. -Splash 02:09, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

Umbar
Delete. Fancruft Project2501a 23:12, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Why delete? The content is accurate .. J.R.R Tolkiens fiction has generated world-wide interest for decades: this entry is giving more detail on part of that fiction.

No Delete. Herumor Stormraven
 * Keep fictional towns and cities from prominent works like Lord of the Rings CanadianCaesar 23:50, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep there are even less important towns in category Category:Middle-earth towns and cities. --Alvin-cs | Talk 23:28, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
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title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Umbar


text: User talk:81.179.25.248

title: User talk:81.179.25.248


text:
Ingenio, Las Palmas

Ingenio is a town and a Spanish municipality in the eastern part of the island of Gran Canaria in the Province of Las Palmas in the Canary Islands. Its population is 29,978 (2013), and the area is 38.15 km2.

Ingenio is situated between the mountains and the Atlantic Ocean, 24 km south of the island's capital Las Palmas and 9 km south of Telde. The municipality includes the town Carrizal. The GC-1 motorway passes east of the town, and the Gran Canaria Airport is situated in the eastern part of the municipality. In agriculture, sugar cane is one of the dominant crops in Ingenio.

The municipality is home to the International Folklore Festival which has the participation of music groups worldwide including Mexico, Colombia, Romania, Russia and Uganda.

title: Ingenio, Las Palmas


text:
Ingenio

Ingenio may refer to:

Portuguese

 * Engenho, a word meaning "ingenious" or "mill".

Spanish "sugar mill"

 * Ingenio, Las Palmas municipality in the eastern part of the island of Gran Canaria
 * Valle de los Ingenios, also named Valley de los Ingenios or Valley of the Sugar Mills
 * Ingenio La Trinidad, Tucumán settlement in northern Argentina
 * Ingenio River
 * Ingenio District

Latin "ingenuity"

 * Ingenio et Arti (from Latin: For Spirit and Art) Danish medal awarded to prominent Danish and foreign scientists and artists.
 * Ingenio (satellite)

title: Ingenio


text:
User talk:Vladkov

Welcome
Hello , and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! You 23:12, Jun 8, 2005 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Vladkov


text:
Category:Film

__NOGALLERY__

title: Category:Film


text:
Prince Wilhelm of Prussia (1783–1851)

Prince Friedrich Wilhelm Karl of Prussia (3 July 1783 – 28 September 1851) was the son of Frederick William II of Prussia and Frederika Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt.

Life
Prince William was the fourth and youngest son of King Frederick William II of Prussia and Princess Frederika Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt. He served in the Guards from 1799 and fought in 1806 at the head of a cavalry brigade at Battle of Jena and Auerstedt. In December 1807, he traveled to Paris, to try to reduce the war burdens imposed on Prussia by Napoléon Bonaparte; he only managed to obtain a modest reduction. In 1808, he represented Prussia at the Congress of Erfurt. At the end of 1808, he accompanied his brother, King Frederick William III to St. Petersburg. Later, he had a prominent role in the transformation of Prussia and its army.

During the War of the Sixth Coalition of 1813, he was stationed in Blücher's headquarters. In the Battle of Lützen (1813) on 2 May, he commanded the reserve cavalry in the left wing of the army and during the Battle of Leipzig, he negotiated the union of the Northern army with Blucher's. Later he led the 8th Brigade of the Yorck's army corps on the Rhine and distinguished himself by bravery and military skills at the battles of Château-Thierry, Laon and outside Paris.

After the Treaty of Paris (1814), the Prince accompanied the king to London and then attended the negotiations of the Congress of Vienna. In 1815 during the Waterloo Campaign he commanded the reserve cavalry of the Prussian IV Corps (Bülow's). After the second Treaty of Paris, he lived mostly in Paris and sometimes at his Fischbach Castle in Kowary in the Riesengebirge mountains.

From 1824 to 1829 he was governor of the Confederate Fortress at Mainz; from 1830 to 1831 he was governor-general of the Rhine Province and Westphalia. In this capacity, on 20 September 1831 he opened the first rail line on German soil from Hinsbeck via the Deilbach valley to Nierenhof. Until then, the line had been called Deilthaler Eisenbahn ("Deil Valley Railway"); after its opening it was allowed to call itself Prinz-Wilhelm-Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft.

In March 1834 he was appointed general of cavalry and re-appointed as governor of the federal fortress at Mainz. He should not be confused with his nephew of the same name, the future emperor William I, who was governor of the same fortress in 1854.

After the death of his wife, Marie Anna, on 14 April 1846, he withdrew from public life at his Fischbach castle.

Marriage and issue
He married his first cousin Landgravine Marie Anna of Hesse-Homburg, daughter of Frederick V, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg, and Caroline of Hesse-Darmstadt (his mother's sister), together they had nine children:
 * Princess Amalie Friederike Luise Karoline Wilhelmine of Prussia (4 July 1805 – 23 November 1805); died in infancy.
 * Princess Irene of Prussia (born and died 3 November 1806); stillborn.
 * Unnamed son (born and died 30 August 1809); stillborn.
 * Prince Friedrich Tassilo Wilhelm of Prussia (29 October 1811 – 9 January 1813); died in infancy.
 * Prince Heinrich Wilhelm Adalbert of Prussia (29 October 1811 – 6 June 1873); married morganatically, in 1850, Therese Elssler and had issue.
 * Prince Friedrich Wilhelm Tassilo of Prussia (15 November 1813 – 9 January 1814); died in infancy.
 * Princess Marie Elisabeth Karoline Viktoria of Prussia (18 June 1815 – 21 March 1885); married, in 1836, Prince Karl of Hesse and by Rhine and had issue.
 * Prince Friedrich Wilhelm Waldemar of Prussia (2 August 1817 – 17 February 1849), never married.
 * Princess Marie Friederike Franziska Hedwig of Prussia (15 October 1825 – 17 May 1889); married, in 1842, King Maximilian II of Bavaria and had issue.

Honours
He received the following orders and decorations: • Kingdom of Prussia:

• * Knight of the Black Eagle, 31 December 1793; with Collar, 1801

• * Pour le Mérite (military), with Oak Leaves, 18 December 1846

• * Iron Cross (1813) "Honour Senior", 2nd Class

• * Service Award Cross

•  Austrian Empire:

• * Commander of the Military Order of Maria Theresa, 1814

• * Grand Cross of St. Stephen, 1829

•  Kingdom of Bavaria: Knight of St. Hubert, 1842

• 🇧🇪 Belgium: Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold, 17 December 1841

•    Ernestine duchies: Grand Cross of the Saxe-Ernestine House Order

•  Kingdom of Hanover: Knight of St. George, 1840

•  Electorate of Hesse: Grand Cross of the Golden Lion

•  Grand Duchy of Hesse: Grand Cross of the Ludwig Order

•  Hohenzollern: Cross of Honour of the Princely House Order of Hohenzollern, 1st Class

• 🇳🇱 Netherlands: Grand Cross of the Military William Order, 8 July 1815

•  Russian Empire:

• * Knight of St. George, 3rd Class, 20 May 1813

• * Knight of St. Andrew

• * Knight of St. Vladimir, 2nd Class

•  Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach: Grand Cross of the White Falcon, 11 June 1829

• Sweden: Grand Cross of the Sword, 1st Class, 24 April 1814

•  undefined: Honorary Grand Cross of the Bath (military), 18 August 1843

•  Württemberg: Grand Cross of the Württemberg Crown

Siblings

 * Frederica Charlotte (1767–1820), who became Duchess of York by her marriage to Frederick, Duke of York
 * Frederick William III of Prussia (1770–1840)
 * Christine (1772–73)
 * Louis Charles (1773–96)
 * Frederica Louisa Wilhelmina (1774–1837), wife of William of Orange, afterwards King William I of the Netherlands
 * Augusta (1780–1841), wife of William II, Elector of Hesse
 * Henry (1781–1846)

title: Prince Wilhelm of Prussia (1783–1851)


text: User talk:24.62.35.120

title: User talk:24.62.35.120


text:
Congress Working Committee

The Congress Working Committee (CWC) is the executive committee of the Indian National Congress. It was formed in December 1920 at Nagpur session of INC which was headed by C. Vijayaraghavachariar. It is composed of senior party leaders and is responsible for taking decisions on important policy and organizational matters, as well as guiding and directing the party's activities and campaigns at the national level. It typically consists of fifteen members elected from the All India Congress Committee (AICC). The CWC is headed by the party president, who is elected by the members of the All India Congress Committee (AICC), the party's central governing body.

The Working Committee has had different levels of power in the party at different times. In the period prior to Indian independence in 1947, the Working Committee was the centre of power, and the Working President was frequently more active than the Congress President. In the period after 1967, when the Congress Party split for the first time (between factions loyal to Indira Gandhi and those led by the Syndicate of regional leaders including Kamaraj, Prafulla Chandra Sen, Ajoy Mukherjee, and Morarji Desai), the power of the Working Committee declined; but Indira Gandhi's triumph in 1971 led to a re-centralisation of power away from the states and the All-India Congress Committee and caused the Working Committee in Delhi to once again be the paramount decision-making body of the party. The centralised nature of Congress decision making has since caused observers in the states to informally describe instructions from Delhi as coming from the High Command.

Composition of Congress Working Committee
Sources:

President

Members

Criticism
The Congress has not held internal elections for CWC for nearly 20 years and the last elections were held in 1998. In 2017 Election Commission ordered it to hold internal elections but as of 2020 no elections were held. When Congress was trying to forge an alliance with ideologically opposite Shiv Sena in Maharashtra in 2019, Congress leader Sanjay Nirupam publicly urged Sonia Gandhi to dissolve the CWC, saying "they cannot be trusted anymore." In 2020 a paper by Observer Research Foundation calls a large number of CWC members "unprincipled, opportunists and self-serving individuals for whom self-interest is paramount."

title: Congress Working Committee


text:
Suzuki G engine

The Suzuki G engine is a series of three- and four-cylinder internal combustion engines manufactured by Suzuki Motor Corporation for various automobiles, primarily based on the GM M platform, as well as many small trucks such as the Suzuki Samurai and Suzuki Vitara and their derivatives.

G10
The G10 (sometimes referred to as the "G10A" to set it apart from the later G10B) and G10T are a 993 cc straight-three gasoline four-stroke engine using aluminum alloy for the block, cylinder head and pistons. A 74x77 mm bore and stroke give the engine a total of 993 cc of displacement. Depending on year and market, the G10 could come with either a carburetor or electronic fuel injection, and was also offered as the G10T featuring an IHI RHB31/32 turbocharger. It has a single overhead camshaft driving six valves. Cylinder spacing is 84 mm, as for the four-cylinder G13/G15/G16 engines. Both the G10 and G10T engines came with forged iron connecting rods.

Early G10 engines (1988 and older) used a hemispherical head design with rocker arms and mechanical lifters. Valve sizes were 36 millimeter for the intake and 30 millimeter exhaust. Later G10 engines (1989 and newer) received throttle-body fuel injection and replaced the rocker arm valvetrain for a direct-acting camshaft with hydraulic lifters. Coolant now left the engine via the cylinder head, and the valve sizes decreased to 35 millimeter intake and 28 millimeter exhaust. Despite the smaller valves, more restrictive cylinder head and identical compression ratio, horsepower numbers actually increased for the 1989 update. A detuned 49 hp unit, with a slightly different camshaft, two-ring pistons and differently tuned engine control unit, was used in the ultra-fuel-efficient Geo Metro XFi model, which delivered as much as 58 mpgus. In the US, the G10 in the 2000 Chevrolet Metro became the last engine available on an American-sold vehicle to use throttle body injection for fuel delivery.

Most naturally-aspirated models had a 9.5:1 compression ratio, though early carbureted fuel economy-based variants had a higher 9.8:1 ratio. Early and late G10T engines shared an 8.3:1 compression ratio. Engine output numbers fluctuated throughout the years and tended to vary between regions; with Japanese models often having the highest ratings. For the Netherlands in 1982, the G10 was rated for 50 PS (39 kW, 49 BHP) at 5800 RPM and 74.5 Nm (55 lb·ft) at 3600 RPM. For Japan in 1983, the G10 was rated at a much higher 60 PS (59 BHP) at 5500 RPM and 8.5 kg-m (61 lb·ft) of torque, while the Japanese G10T made 80 PS at 5500 rpm and 12.0 kg·m (87 lb·ft) of torque at 3500 rpm. Meanwhile, for North America, the standard G10 was rated for the 48 horsepower at 5100 RPM and 57 lb·ft at 3200 RPM. Despite having a higher compression ratio, horsepower ratings for the efficiency-focused G10 seen in the Chevrolet Sprint ER were lowered to 46 horsepower at 5100 RPM, with torque at 58 lb·ft at 3200 RPM. The early North American G10T was rated for 70 hp at 5500 rpm and 79 lb·ft at 3500 rpm, with torque increasing to 80 lb·ft as of 1989. Other differences between markets include "Electronic Fuel Injection" for some North American models (most commonly on the 1989+ G10T), instead of "Electronic Petrol Injection" internationally (and on some early North American models), and Japanese models being equipped with a different air filter shroud.

For 1989, the G10 engines were updated, with the most significant changes being the fuel injection and valvetrain changes listed above. Compression remained at 9.5:1, but power increased for most markets (with the exception being Japan). In the Netherlands, power and torque increased to 53 PS at 5700 RPM, and 80 Nm at 3000 rpm. For North America, ratings went up to 55 horsepower at 5700 rpm and 58 lb·ft at 3300 RPM on the standard G10, 49 horsepower at 4700 rpm and 58 lb·ft of torque at 3300 rpm for the economy G10, but nearly unchanged for the G10T with 70 horsepower at 5500 rpm and 80 lb·ft at 3500 rpm. In Japan, power dropped slightly to 57 horsepower at 6000 RPM and 58 lb·ft of torque at 3500 RPM.

The G10 was updated again in 1992 for some markets, albeit with much smaller changes than in 1989. These changes aligned with the facelift that the GM M-Body cars received. The vacuum-controlled ignition advance was replaced with electronic advance, controlled by the ECU. Nearly all markets now sold the G10 equipped with an exhaust gas recirculation system. The valve cover was also replaced with a smoother, finned housing, compared to the flat blocky cover found previously. Power numbers remained unchanged, except for in 1992 specifically, where they dropped to 52 horsepower at 5700 rpm and 56 lb·ft of torque at 3300 rpm.

Because of the physics of the straight-three engine, the G10 tends not to idle as smoothly as other engines such as a straight-six engine. This engine has a non-interference valvetrain design.

Applications: Ultralight aircraft
 * 1985–2001 Suzuki Cultus and global nameplate siblings: Chevrolet Sprint, Geo/Chevrolet Metro, Pontiac Firefly, Suzuki Swift, Suzuki Forsa
 * November 1984– Suzuki Cultus AA41S AB41S
 * 1988– Suzuki Cultus AA43S AA43V AB43S AA44S AB44S
 * ICP Savannah

G10T (turbo)
Through the 1983-1991 model years a turbocharged MPFI version of the G10 was offered in some markets. This engine delivered 70 hp at 5500 rpm and 107 Nm at 3500 rpm. This turbocharged engine, with mechanical lifters, was available in both the US and Canadian Firefly/Sprint/Forsa from 1987 to 1988. Only the Canadian Firefly/Sprint had this option, with hydraulic lifters, in the 1989-1991 model years. In the Japanese domestic market, the car was originally carbureted (80 PS JIS at 5500 rpm, 118 Nm at 3500 rpm) and went on sale in June 1984. In October 1987, along with a facelift, the home market Turbo received fuel injection and power output went up to 82 PS JIS, torque to 120 Nm. It was a short-lived version, however, as by September 1988 the car was no longer on sale in the Japanese domestic market. As the only market in the world, Canada did continue to receive this engine for its versions of the second generation Cultus.

G10B
The G10B was an all-aluminium engine, a four-cylinder 993 cc 72x61 mm SOHC 16-valve engine which produces 60 PS at 6000 rpm and 78 Nm of torque at 4500 rpm. It was sold in both carburetted and MPFI form. It was widely used in motorsport in India due to its lightweight and tunability. The mounting points of the engine block were similar to that of the G13 and so an engine swap was a relatively easy task. It was phased out when production of Zen ceased in 2006. It was made only in India but was sold in all countries the Zen was sold. The 16-valve version is also known as the G10BB.

But the Zen which was sold as Suzuki Alto 1.0 in Europe came with a detuned, 8-valve version of the G10B engine which produces 54 PS at 5500 rpm and 77 Nm of torque at 4500 rpm.

 * 1993–2006 Maruti Zen (sold as Suzuki Alto in Europe, Australia).
 * 2007–2017 Suzuki Cultus hatchback (Pakistan)
 * 1999–2007 Ford Pronto (Taiwan)

G12
The G12B is an inline-four engine using aluminum alloy for the block, cylinder head and pistons. It is derived from the G13BB engine by reducing the bore to 71 mm to displace 1196 cc. Stroke remains the same at 75.5 mm. It has a SOHC 16V head and the fuel delivery is by multi-point fuel injection. It is BS6 (equal to early Euro 6) emissions compliant. It has lighter pistons and other detail improvements to be a more fuel efficient engine than the G13BB on which it is based. Maruti modified the engine to displace less than 1200 cc to take advantage of the reduced excise duty on such vehicles in India. It produces 73 PS at 6000 rpm and 98 Nm at 3000 rpm for petrol variant and 65 PS at 6000 rpm and 85 Nm at 3000 rpm for CNG variant.

 * 2010–present– Maruti Eeco
 * 2016–present– Maruti Suzuki Super Carry (CNG only)

G13 series
The G13 is an inline-four engine using aluminum alloy for the block, cylinder head and pistons. Displacing 1324 cc for the G13A and 1298 cc for all other G13 engines, fuel delivery is either through a carburetor, throttle body fuel injection or multi-point fuel injection.

This engine was made with different valvetrain designs: 8 or 16 valve SOHC or 16 valve DOHC. All G13 engines have a bore and a stroke size of 74x75.5 mm except for the G13A engine which has a 77 mm stroke. There was also a 1360 cc "G13C variant built in Indonesia, combining the longer stroke with a 75 mm bore.

G13A
The 1324 cc SOHC 8-valve G13A has a non-interference valvetrain design. Horsepower ranges from 60 to 70 PS with 90-100 N.m of torque.
 * Bore x Stroke: 74mm x 77mm
 * Compression Ratio: 8.9:1
 * Cylinder Block Deck Height: 186.8mm
 * Cylinder Head Volume: 32.2cc
 * Head Gasket Thickness (compressed): 1.2mm
 * Intake Valve O.D. 36mm
 * Exhaust Valve O.D. 30mm
 * It was used in the following vehicles:
 * November 1984–1988 Suzuki Cultus/Swift
 * 1984–1988 Suzuki Jimny 1300 (JA51)
 * 1985–1988 Holden Barina MB/ML (Australia/New Zealand)
 * 1986–1990 Suzuki Samurai
 * 1992–1998 Suzuki Margalla (Pakistan)

G13B
This 1298 cc DOHC 16-valve engine with bore and stroke of 74mm x 75.5mm (2.91 in x 2.97 in). It uses the older distributor driven off the intake camshaft, and produces approximately 75-101 hp at 6500 rpm / 109-112 Nm at 5000 rpm. Redline is set at 7400–7600 rpm. The compression ratio is between 10.0 and 11.5:1. This engine has an interference valvetrain design, making periodic timing belt changes vital to the engine's life. It was used in the following vehicles:
 * 1985 Suzuki RS/1 (prototype)
 * 1986–1994 Suzuki Cultus/Swift GTi AA33S/AA34S

G13BA
The SOHC 8-valve G13BA with carburetor or single-point fuel injection and produces 68-73 PS and 100-103 Nm of torque. It has 9.5:1 compression ratio and also a non-interference valvetrain design. 1995 to 1997 U.S. and Canadian-market engines gained hydraulic lash adjusters. It was used in the following vehicles:
 * 1989 Suzuki Sidekick (JA trim)
 * 1989–1993 Holden Barina - (carburetor: 71 hp at 6,000 rpm; 102 Nm at 4,000 rpm)
 * 1989–1997 Suzuki Swift
 * 1991–1995 Suzuki Samurai
 * 1991–2004 Chevrolet Swift
 * 1992–1997 Geo Metro
 * 1993–1998 Suzuki Jimny (JB31/32)
 * 1994–2000 Maruti Esteem
 * 1996–2004 Subaru Justy
 * June 1994–March 2000 Maruti Gypsy King

G13BB
The SOHC 16-valve G13BB (introduced in March 1995) has electronic multi-point fuel injection (MPFI), generating 56 - 63 kW and 104-115 Nm. The G13BB uses a wasted spark arrangement of two coils bolted directly to the valve cover. This engine uses a MAF sensor to monitor manifold pressure, similar to the G16B series. This engine has a non-interference valvetrain design. It uses the same G series block found in many other Suzuki models and so it is a popular conversion into the Suzuki Sierra/Samurai, which uses either a G13A (85-88) or G13BA (88.5-98). This allows the engine to fit into the engine bay simply as engine and gearbox mounts are identical and both engines are mounted north–south. It was used in the following vehicles:

 * 1995–2002 Suzuki Cultus Crescent
 * 1997–2003 Suzuki Swift
 * 1998–2001 Chevrolet Metro/Pontiac Firefly/Suzuki Swift
 * 1998–2003 Suzuki Jimny
 * 1998–2007 Maruti Esteem
 * 1999–2015 Changan Linyang
 * 2000–2004 Suzuki Every Landy/Carry 1.3
 * 2000–2006 Suzuki Wagon R+ (European Model)
 * 2000–2017 Maruti Gypsy King
 * 2001–2004 Subaru Justy
 * 2001-2009 Maruti Suzuki Versa(Sold in India)

G13C
The G13C was bored out by one millimeter, for a bore and stroke of 75.0 x and a displacement of 1360 cc. Maximum power was listed at 73 PS at 6000 rpm in 1999. This engine was developed by Suzuki's Indonesian subsidiary and also available for Malaysian market Suzuki Futura 1400. It was first used in the 1991 Suzuki Carry Futura. It was used in the following vehicles:
 * 1991–1999 Suzuki Carry Futura SL413 (ST130)

G13K
"G13K" is the JDM version of G13B. It has different cams, intake and exhaust manifolds and ECU with cutoff at 8600rpm. It makes 115 hp. It was used in the Japanese version of Swift GTi called Cultus GT-i, replacing the first generation Swift GTi.

G15A
This engine is a 1.5 L (1,493 cc) 16-valve SOHC engine configuration, generating between 78-105 PS at 5500–6500 rpm and 120-128 Nm at 3000–4000 rpm. It has a 75 mm bore in conjunction with an 84.5 mm stroke. Applications:
 * 1991–1995 Suzuki Cultus sedan
 * 1995–2002 Suzuki Cultus Crescent/Baleno
 * 2000–2018 Suzuki Carry Futura (ST150, Indonesia)
 * 2004–present Suzuki APV (Indonesia/Pakistan)
 * 2011–2019 Suzuki Mega Carry (Indonesia)

G16
The G16 is an inline-four engine displacing 1590 cc. It shares the G15A's 75 mm bore, in a long block with a 90 mm stroke.

G16A
Either 8-valve SOHC carb or EPI before 1990 or 16-valve SOHC EPI after 1990. The 16-valve G16A mainly used in Japan and some selected markets. Applications:
 * 1989–1992 Suzuki Sidekick (8-valve)
 * 1988–1990 Suzuki Escudo (8-valve)
 * 1990–2000 Suzuki Escudo (16-valve)
 * 1990–2001 Suzuki Cultus sedan
 * 1996–1998 Suzuki X-90
 * 1997–2000 Suzuki Carry Futura (ST160, Indonesia)
 * 2005–present Suzuki APV (except for Indonesia and Pakistan)

G16B
The SOHC G16B was the 16-valve version of G16A for worldwide market. The Suzuki G16B engine features an aluminum cylinder block with wet liners and aluminum cylinder head, cylinder bore and piston stroke are 75.0 mm (2.95 in) and 90.0 mm (3.54 in), respectively. Compression ratio rating is 9.5:1. The G16B engine is equipped with Multi-point fuel injection (MPFI) and depending on year & market can have a distributor or distributorless ignition using two different styles of wasted spark coils. This engine produced 94-97 PS at 5,600 rpm of and 132-140 Nm at 4,000 rpm. Used in the following vehicles:
 * 1992–2005 Suzuki Vitara
 * 1992–1997 Suzuki Cultus/Swift/Esteem
 * 1995–2002 Chevrolet Tracker (Americas)
 * 1995–2007 Suzuki Baleno/Esteem
 * 1996–1998 Geo Tracker
 * 1996–1998 Suzuki Sidekick

title: Suzuki G engine


text:
Wirth–Weber precedence relationship

In computer science, a Wirth–Weber relationship between a pair of symbols $$(V_t \cup V_n)$$ is necessary to determine if a formal grammar is a simple precedence grammar. In such a case, the simple precedence parser can be used. The relationship is named after computer scientists Niklaus Wirth and Helmut Weber.

The goal is to identify when the viable prefixes have the pivot and must be reduced. A $$\gtrdot$$ means that the pivot is found, a $$\lessdot$$ means that a potential pivot is starting, and a $$ \doteq$$ means that a relationship remains in the same pivot.

Formal definition

 * $$ G = \langle V_n, V_t, S, P \rangle $$
 * $$\begin{align}

X \doteq Y &\iff \begin{cases} A \to \alpha X Y \beta \in P \\  A \in V_n \\ \alpha, \beta \in (V_n \cup V_t)^* \\ X, Y \in (V_n \cup V_t) \end{cases}  \\ X \lessdot Y &\iff \begin{cases} A \to \alpha X B \beta \in P \\ B \Rightarrow^+ Y \gamma \\ A, B \in V_n \\ \alpha, \beta, \gamma \in (V_n \cup V_t)^* \\ X, Y \in (V_n \cup V_t) \end{cases} \\ X \gtrdot Y &\iff \begin{cases} A \to \alpha B Y \beta \in P \\ B \Rightarrow^+ \gamma X \\ Y \Rightarrow^* a \delta \\ A, B \in V_n \\ \alpha, \beta, \gamma, \delta \in (V_n \cup V_t)^* \\ X, Y \in (V_n \cup V_t) \\ a \in V_t \end{cases} \end{align}$$

Precedence relations computing algorithm
We will define three sets for a symbol:
 * $$\begin{align}

\mathrm{Head}^+(X) &= \{Y\mid X \Rightarrow^+ Y \alpha \}\\ \mathrm{Tail}^+(X) &= \{Y\mid X \Rightarrow^+ \alpha Y \}\\ \mathrm{Head}^*(X) &= (\mathrm{Head}^+(X) \cup \{ X \}) \cap V_t \end{align}$$

The pseudocode for computing relations is:

 * RelationTable := ∅
 * For each production $$ A \to \alpha \in P $$
 * For each two adjacent symbols $X Y$ in $α$
 * add(RelationTable, $$X \doteq Y$$)
 * add(RelationTable, $$X \lessdot \mathrm{Head}^+(Y)$$)
 * add(RelationTable, $$\mathrm{Tail}^+(X) \gtrdot \mathrm{Head}^*(Y)$$)
 * add(RelationTable, $$\$ \lessdot \mathrm{Head}^+(S)$$) where $S$ is the initial non terminal of the grammar, and $ is a limit marker
 * add(RelationTable, $$\mathrm{Tail}^+(S) \gtrdot \$ $$) where $S$ is the initial non terminal of the grammar, and $ is a limit marker

Example 1
$$S \to aSSb | c$$

 * Head$+$(a) = ∅
 * Head$+$(S) = {a, c}
 * Head$+$(b) = ∅
 * Head$+$(c) = ∅
 * Tail$+$(a) = ∅
 * Tail$+$(S) = {b, c}
 * Tail$+$(b) = ∅
 * Tail$+$(c) = ∅
 * Head$$(a) = a
 * Head$$(S) = {a, c}
 * Head$$(b) = b
 * Head$$(c) = c
 * $$S \to aSSb$$
 * a Next to S
 * $$ a \doteq S $$
 * $$ a \lessdot \mathrm{Head}^+(S)$$
 * $$ a \lessdot a $$
 * $$ a \lessdot c $$
 * S Next to S
 * $$ S \doteq S $$
 * $$ S \lessdot \mathrm{Head}^+(S)$$
 * $$ S \lessdot a $$
 * $$ S \lessdot c $$
 * $$\mathrm{Tail}^+(S) \gtrdot \mathrm{Head}^*(S)$$
 * $$ b \gtrdot a $$
 * $$ b \gtrdot c $$
 * $$ c \gtrdot a $$
 * $$ c \gtrdot c $$
 * S Next to b
 * $$ S \doteq b $$
 * $$\mathrm{Tail}^+(S) \gtrdot \mathrm{Head}^*(b)$$
 * $$ b \gtrdot b $$
 * $$ c \gtrdot b $$
 * $$S \to c$$
 * there is only one symbol, so no relation is added.

& S & a & b & c & \$ \\ \hline S & \doteq & \lessdot  &  \doteq  &  \lessdot & \\ a & \doteq & \lessdot &   & \lessdot & \\ b &   & \gtrdot &  \gtrdot  & \gtrdot & \gtrdot \\ c &   & \gtrdot & \gtrdot & \gtrdot & \gtrdot \\ \$ &  & \lessdot &    & \lessdot & \end{array}$$
 * precedence table: $$\begin{array}{c|ccccc}

Example 2
$$S \to a | aT | [S]$$

$$T \to b | bT$$

 * Head$+$( S ) = { a, [ }
 * Head$+$( a ) = ∅
 * Head$+$( T ) = { b }
 * Head$+$( [ ) = ∅
 * Head$+$( ] ) = ∅
 * Head$+$( b ) = ∅

 * Tail$+$( S ) = { a, T, ], b }
 * Tail$+$( a ) = ∅
 * Tail$+$( T ) = { b, T }
 * Tail$+$( [ ) = ∅
 * Tail$+$( ] ) = ∅
 * Tail$+$( b ) = ∅

 * Head$$( S ) = { a, [ }
 * Head$$( a ) = a
 * Head$$( T ) = { b }
 * Head$$( [ ) = [
 * Head$$( ] ) = ]
 * Head$$( b ) = b

 * $$S \to aT$$

 * a Next to T
 * $$ a \doteq T $$
 * $$ a \lessdot \mathrm{Head}^+(T)$$
 * $$ a \lessdot b $$

 * $$S \to [S]$$

 * [ Next to S
 * $$ [ \doteq S $$
 * $$ [ \lessdot \mathrm{Head}^+(S)$$
 * $$ [ \lessdot a $$
 * $$ [ \lessdot [ $$

 * S Next to ]
 * $$ S \doteq ] $$
 * $$\mathrm{Tail}^+( S ) \gtrdot \mathrm{Head}^*( ] )$$
 * $$ a \gtrdot ] $$
 * $$ T \gtrdot ] $$
 * $$ ] \gtrdot ] $$
 * $$ b \gtrdot ] $$

 * $$T \to bT$$

 * b Next to T
 * $$ b \doteq T $$
 * $$ b \lessdot \mathrm{Head}^+(T)$$
 * $$ b \lessdot b $$

& S     & T      & a        & b        & [        & ]       & \$ \\ \hline S       &        &        &          &          &          & \doteq  & \doteq \\ T       &        &        &          &          &          & \gtrdot & \gtrdot \\ a       &        & \doteq &          & \lessdot &          & \gtrdot & \gtrdot \\ b       &        & \doteq &          & \lessdot &          & \gtrdot & \gtrdot \\ \text{[} & \doteq &       & \lessdot &          & \lessdot &         & \\ ]       &        &        &          &          &          & \gtrdot & \gtrdot \\ \$      & \doteq &        & \lessdot &          & \lessdot &         & \end{array}$$
 * precedence table: $$\begin{array}{c|ccccccc}

title: Wirth–Weber precedence relationship


text:
William of Baskerville

William of Baskerville (Guglielmo da Baskerville, ) is a fictional Franciscan friar from the 1980 historical mystery novel The Name of the Rose (Il nome della rosa) by Umberto Eco.

Life and death
The Name of the Rose is itself a recounting of events as experienced by Adso of Melk, a Benedictine novice (a Franciscan one in the 1986 film adaptation) who travelled under William's protection.

Years before the main events of the novel, as an inquisitor, Brother William presided at some trials in England and Italy, where he distinguished himself by his perspicacity along with great humility. In numerous cases Willam decided the accused was innocent. In one of his most consequential cases, William refused to condemn a man on charges of heresy, despite the demands of the inquisitor Bernardo Gui. The accusations of heresy stemmed from the man's translation of a Greek book that contradicted the scriptures. Despite his appeals to the Pope, William was imprisoned and tortured until he recanted, in turn leading to the translator's death by burning at the stake. Though he departed from his role as an inquisitor, his torture and the death of the accused remain fresh in his mind.

In 1327, William and Adso travel to a Benedictine monastery in Northern Italy to attend a theological disputation between the Franciscans and Papal emissaries on the poverty of Christ. This abbey is being used as an embassy between Pope John XXII, and the Friars Minor, who are suspected of heresy.

The abbey boasts a famed scriptorium where scribes copy, translate or illuminate books. After a string of unexpected deaths the abbot seeks help from William, who is renowned for his deductive powers, to investigate the deaths. William is reluctantly drawn in by the intellectual challenge and his desire to disprove fears of a demonic culprit. William also worries the abbot will summon officials of the Inquisition should the mystery remain unsolved.

Following the events of The Name of the Rose, Adso and William part ways, with Adso relating the tale before his death. We are informed near the end of the book that William had died earlier during a Plague in Europe.

Name and allusion
The fictional friar, William of Baskerville, alludes both to the fictional sleuth Sherlock Holmes and to William of Ockham. The name itself is derived from William of Ockham and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's book The Hound of the Baskervilles. Another view is that Eco has created Brother William as a combination of Roger Bacon, William of Ockham and Sherlock Holmes. (William himself notes that Bacon was a mentor of his and cites his ideas several times in the course of the book.)

William of Ockham, who lived during the time of the novel, first put forward the principle known as "Ockham's Razor", which is often summarised as the dictum that one should always accept as most likely the simplest explanation that accounts for all the facts. William applies this dictum in a manner analogous to the way Sherlock Holmes applies his similar dictum, that when one has eliminated the impossible, whatever remains — however improbable — must be the truth.

Characteristics
In the book, The Name of the Rose, Umberto Eco's description of Brother William of Baskerville has some similarities to Arthur Conan Doyle's description of Sherlock Holmes in A Study in Scarlet (1887).

Appearance
However, William has blond eyebrows and yellowish hair clumps growing from his ears.

Behavior
William of Baskerville's behavioral characteristics, as relayed through William's novice, Adso of Melk, also displays similarities to Sherlock Holmes' as characterized by Dr. Watson.

Sherlock Holmes' use of cocaine is also similar to Brother William's use of a mysterious herb. The book explains that Brother William used to collect some herb that has a mentally stimulating effect, but it does not seem narcotic. "He sometimes stopped at the edge of a meadow, at the entrance to a forest, to gather some herb [...] and he would then chew it with an absorbed look. He kept some of it with him, and ate it in the moments of great tension".

Portrayals in adaptations
Sean Connery portrayed William of Baskerville in the 1986 film adaptation The Name of the Rose. John Turturro portrayed William of Baskerville in the 2019 miniseries The Name of the Rose.

title: William of Baskerville


text:
Joe Benitez

Joe Benitez (born May 21, 1971) is an American comic book artist. He is co-creator and penciller of Weapon Zero, published by Top Cow Productions.

Other titles he has worked on include The Darkness, The Magdalena, as well as work for DC Comics.

title: Joe Benitez


text:
Talk:Christopher Darden

wikipedia fails again
I needed to look up Darden's bibliography, NOT HERE. What the actual fuck. Wikipedia is getting more and more useless every day. Google told me more in a few seconds than this page. Thanks for nothing. 98.180.43.21 (talk) 12:32, 9 July 2014 (UTC)

Untitled
Can someone include info on Darden's prior history with prosecuting corrupt cops, and also his post-O.J. acting career?

 * The line "Seemingly overwhelmed by the defense team, and often fumbling objections and the introduction of evidence, Darden may have been intimidated by Johnnie Cochran, a significant figure in the African-American community." clearly shows a non-impartial view of Darden's work, introduces unsupported conjecture and even appears to take a pot shot at a dead man. I am standing by my removal of it.

 * Hey untitled, perhaps you're unaware of what's been written about Cochran, including by his ex-wife? Cochran was diagnosed by a psychiatric professional with narcissistic personality disorder. He was the overachiever type. He had an enormous amount of influence within that community and outside of it. Cochran intimidated a lot of people, including some of those most close to him. So maybe you shouldn't pontificate on a subject you're clearly ignorant on. We're not talking about Thurgood Marshall or Learned Hand here, but someone who did a lot of good but also could be extremely selfish and short-sighted because of his need to dominate and win. 98.180.43.21 (talk) 12:32, 9 July 2014 (UTC)

Interview, details of being fired during paid vacation post-OJ trial
http://www.thewrap.com/oj-simpson-chris-darden-fired/

He appears to have elaborated on his departure from the DA's office. As he notes a few times in the full interview, he is at an age where he doesn't mind stating some things that he hasn't before. 104.186.132.216 (talk) 19:59, 10 August 2016 (UTC)

This whole article was written by someone with extreme bias
I tried to clean up some of the biased language, ie "He was unemployed for 4 months" when there is no indication that Darden was seeking work in that time frame as many law students take a break between the bar and starting to work. What we do know for sure is when he started to work. Anything more than that is speculation. Also this article needs a section specifically for the OJ Simpson trial and a section for Darden post OJ. A reminder to everyone that we state hard facts. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2600:8806:400:CFF0:D8E5:F8ED:7920:C440 (talk) 02:52, 3 April 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Christopher Darden


text:
Haslev Municipality

Until 1 January 2007, Haslev municipality was a Danish, kommune) in West Zealand County on the island of Zealand (Sjælland) in Denmark. The municipality covered an area of 133 km², and had a total population of 14,781 (2005).  Its last mayor was Henrik Christensen, a member of the Venstre (Liberal Party) political party. The main town and site of its municipal council was the town of Haslev.

Haslev municipality ceased to exist after the Kommunalreformen ("The Municipality Reform" of 2007). It was merged with the existing Fakse and Rønnede municipalities to form the new Faxe municipality. This new municipality, with an area of 406 km² and a total population of 34,313 (2005), belongs to the Region Sjælland ("Zealand Region").

title: Haslev Municipality


text:
Northlake Mall

Northlake Mall may refer to:
 * Northlake Mall (Atlanta)
 * Northlake Mall (Charlotte, North Carolina)

title: Northlake Mall


text:
The Persuaders (R&B group)

The Persuaders are a New York City-based R&B vocal group best known for their gold hit single in the 1970s, "Thin Line Between Love and Hate". It sold over a million copies, topping the Billboard R&B chart, and was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America on October 29, 1971.

Career
The original members - Douglas "Smokey" Scott, Willie Holland, James Barnes, and Charles Stodghill - formed the group in New York in 1969 after previously singing with other local groups. Scott, Holland, and Barnes had been members of The Independents, whereas Stodghill had previously sung with the group The Topics. The Persuaders' sound involved close harmony, Scott's rough but emotive lead vocals and a heavily orchestrated soul and R&B approach, the trademark of the Poindexter brothers, Richard and Bobby, who produced most of the early 1970s hits through their Win Or Lose production company.

Early success
The Persuaders were signed by Atlantic Records in 1971 and scored an immediate hit with the iconic ode to domestic discord, "Thin Line Between Love and Hate," which topped the Black Singles chart and reached number 15 on the Pop chart. An album titled after the song followed in 1972, scoring the group several more R&B chart hits, including another top ten, "Love's Gonna Pack Up (and Walk Out)". The band toured throughout the year in support of the album. Following the conclusion of the tour, Barnes parted ways with the group. Tragically, later in 1972, Stodghill died of an illness at Jacobi Medical Center in the Bronx, soon after having narrowly escaped death during an argument in a bar where his former Topics bandmate Bobby Adams had died defending him.

By 1973, and the release of their self-titled second album, Thomas Lee Hill and John Tobias, both from another local group, The Huns, had replaced Barnes and Stodghill, respectively. Bobby Poindexter produced the second album with his wife, Jackie Members, who had also been a co-writer of the "Thin Line Between Love and Hate" single. By the end of the year, Scott was the only remaining original member, flanked by Hill, Joey Coleman, and Richard Gant. The group remained at Atlantic / Atco in this incarnation for another album, Best Thing That Ever Happened to Me, released in 1974. These Atco recordings were produced by Phil Hurtt, Tony Bell, and LeBaron Taylor in Philadelphia. The group scored a number of additional R&B and pop hits during this time, including their original version of the oft-covered song "Some Guys Have All the Luck", which inched into the Pop top 40 and became their final R&B top-ten single.

Later career
The group recorded an album on the Calla label (distributed by CBS Records) in 1976, again in Philadelphia but this time with producers Robert Curington and Norman Harris, entitled It's All About Love. One track, the ballad "I Need Love" was an R&B chart hit. They later released one single on Brunswick Records in 1981, with Douglas Scott still as lead singer.

As former members left and new members trickled in, the Persuaders' R&B legacy continued into the 21st century with two new line-ups of Persuaders. One group which tours as "The Persuaders" features Vincent Ballard, Sylvester Jones, Tmarvin Williams, and Keith Simmons. The other group of Persuaders are currently touring as "The Persuaders Revue" featuring: Evan Wills, Chris White, Bernard Taylor and David Turner (the original lead singer of The Implements; David was the first to record the hit song "Look Over Your Shoulder"). The group now features: Greg Rowland, Lance Officer and Charles Saunders Jr.

There are no original members currently living. Following Stodghill's 1972 passing (described above), Douglas "Smokey" Scott passed away in 1994, while the timing of Barnes' death is unclear. Willie Holland, identified as the last living original member of the Persuaders, died on February 13, 2016.

Legacy
The Persuaders recorded the original soul versions of songs later covered by other artists, most notably "Some Guys Have All The Luck", covered by Robert Palmer, Rod Stewart and by Maxi Priest, and "Thin Line Between Love and Hate", covered by H-Town and later by the reggae group Black Slate, the British rock band the Pretenders, and by Annie Lennox in her cover songs album Medusa. The song's title and theme were also used for the Martin Lawrence comedy film of the same name in 1996. In addition, the group was among a barrage of artists to first record the song "Best Thing that Ever Happened to Me". However, by the time the Persuaders' version appeared (from their 1974 album of the same name – William Coleman and Richard Gant are featured on this album), Gladys Knight & the Pips' version of the song was already on its way to becoming a major hit, massively overshadowing the Persuaders' rendition.

Compilation albums

 * The Platinum Collection (2007, Rhino/Warner Music)

title: The Persuaders (R&B group)


text:
All India Congress Committee

The All India Congress Committee (AICC) is the presidium or the central decision-making assembly of the Indian National Congress. It is composed of members elected from state-level Pradesh Congress Committees and can have as many as a thousand members. It is the AICC that elects members of the Congress Working Committee and the Congress President, who is also the head of the AICC.

The organisational executives of the AICC are several general-secretaries selected by the Congress President and the members of the Congress Working Committee. AICC is responsible for decision-making and policy formulation for the party at the national level. It also sets the party's agenda and strategies for national and state-level elections.

History
The original headquarters of AICC were located at Swaraj Bhavan, Allahabad, however after independence of India in 1947, it was shifted to 7, Jantar Mantar Marg, near Jantar Mantar, Delhi and subsequently to 24 Akbar Road, right behind 10 Janpath, after the 1969 Congress split, under Indira Gandhi.

Today, its institutional records are part of the Archives at the Nehru Memorial Museum & Library, at Teen Murti House, Delhi.

Organisation
The Organisation is headed by the Congress President, who is elected by the All India Congress Committee. The AICC on the other hand is composed of delegates sent by the various State–level Pradesh Congress Committees, who themselves have been elected or nominated to their respective Pradesh Congress Committee from the district and panchayat level party units. Besides the President, these delegates also elect the Congress Working Committee, which is the apex decision-making body of the organisation. Several General Secretaries are also appointed by the President to run the functioning of the organisation.

Congress in Pradesh (States)

 * Andaman and Nicobar PCC
 * Andhra Pradesh PCC
 * Arunachal Pradesh PCC
 * Assam PCC
 * Bihar PCC
 * Chhattisgarh PCC
 * Dadra and Nagar Haveli PCC
 * Daman and Diu PCC
 * Delhi PCC
 * Goa PCC
 * Gujarat PCC
 * Haryana PCC
 * Himachal Pradesh PCC
 * Jammu & Kashmir PCC
 * Jharkhand PCC
 * Karnataka PCC
 * Kerala PCC
 * Lakshadweep PCC
 * Madhya Pradesh PCC
 * Maharashtra PCC
 * Manipur PCC
 * Meghalaya PCC
 * Mizoram PCC
 * Nagaland PCC
 * Orissa PCC
 * Pondicherry PCC
 * Punjab PCC
 * Rajasthan PCC
 * Sikkim PCC
 * Tamil Nadu CC
 * Telangana PCC
 * Tripura PCC
 * Uttarakhand PCC
 * Uttar Pradesh PCC
 * West Bengal PCC

title: All India Congress Committee


text: User talk:204.210.147.137

title: User talk:204.210.147.137


text:
Erbach

Erbach may refer to:

Places

 * Erbach im Odenwald, a town in Hesse, Germany
 * Erbach an der Donau, a town on the Danube River in Baden-Württemberg, Germany
 * Erbach, Rheingau, a district of Eltville, Hesse, Germany
 * Erbach, Rhineland-Palatinate, a municipality in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
 * Erbach (Blies), a river of Saarland, Germany, tributary of the Blies
 * Erbach, a constituent community of Bad Camberg in Hesse, Germany
 * Erbach, a district of Homburg, Saarland, Germany

People

 * Christian Erbach (ca. 1568 – 1635), German organist and composer
 * House of Erbach, German aristocratic family

title: Erbach


text:
Category:Suzuki engines

These are engines used in Suzuki vehicles.

title: Category:Suzuki engines


text:
User:Mhare40

Hello! I'm a new contributor to Wikipedia. My interest is mainly music (I am a classically trained pianist with a passion for Chopin, the Russian and Viennese masters, and Scarlatti), history (that's what I got my degree in, specializing in the history of France from the Crusades to the Early Modern period), and literature. I am also a poet, author, and composer in my own right.

So far I have started the stubs on the pianists Cécile Ousset, Maria Yudina, Hamish Milne, Nikolai Demidenko, Witold Malcuzynski, and Rosina Lhévinne.

title: User:Mhare40


text:
Jilly Johnson

Jilly Johnson ( Gosden; 17 November 1953) is a British former model, actress, musical artist and Page 3 girl.

Biography
Johnson was born Jilly Gosden on 17 November 1953 in Australia. Her family moved back to Surrey, England when she was eight, and she attended Horsell Primary School and Sheerwater Secondary School in Woking, Surrey.

In the 1970s and 1980s together with Nina Carter, she was in the girl group Blonde on Blonde. Johnson was also featured on the album cover for the album Moontan by Dutch hard rock band Golden Earring in 1973.

In 1975, she became the first model to appear topless in the Daily Mirror.

She has written two novels: Double Exposure (1994) and Playing for Love (1997).

Johnson has been married twice and has one daughter from her first marriage, to company director Brian Johnson. She is now a housewife and grandmother. She is also noted for her love of Great Danes.

Published books

 * Playing for Love, published by Simon & Schuster (1997)
 * Double Exposure, published by Smith Gryphon (1994)

title: Jilly Johnson


text:
Portal:Poland/Polish paintings

Strange Garden Józef Mehoffer 1902, Oil on canvas, 222,5 × 208,5 cm National Museum in Warsaw

authors: ಮಲ್ನಾಡಾಚ್ ಕೊಂಕ್ಣೊ

title: Portal:Poland/Polish paintings


text:
Ellis Amburn

Ellis Edward Amburn (2 August 1933 – 18 August 2018) was an American book editor and biographer.

Life
A 1954 graduate of Texas Christian University, Ellis Amburn worked as a reporter for Newsweek before going into the book publishing industry where he rose to the position of editor, working for such well-known publishers as Delacorte Press, Coward-McCann, William Morrow. During his career, Amburn was an editor for authors such John le Carré, Belva Plain, Muriel Spark, Joshua Logan and for Jack Kerouac, who would be the subject of Amburn's 1998 book on which Leonardo DiCaprio has optioned film rights.

Amburn served as editorial director for G. P. Putnam's Sons and in addition worked as a ghostwriter for Priscilla Presley, Shelley Winters, Peggy Lee and Zsa Zsa Gabor. In 1990, he produced his first biography on fellow Texan Roy Orbison that led to further such books. He is noted for his exhaustive research, even going so far as to live for several weeks at the home of the parents of Orbison's first wife, Claudette Frady-Orbison. His books have generated controversy at times (such as his biography of Janis Joplin ), and he is reviled by many Buddy Holly and Roy Orbison fans for presenting hearsay as fact.

Amburn lived in High Springs, Florida, outside of Gainesville and in Tifton, Georgia. His papers are held at Texas Christian University.

Death
The Virginian-Pilot and the literary website Shelf Awareness reported that Amburn died on Saturday, August 18, 2018, after a long illness. Maureen O'Brien, book editor, ghostwriter, and friend of Amburn's remembered him thus: "Always the chipper man about town and cheerleader to his multitude of friends all over the world, Ellis was writing and editing right up to the end, working on a memoir of his celebrity-filled life in the book biz, where he was considered one of the best pop culture chroniclers from New York City to Hollywood and all points in between. A great gossip and even better confidant and friend, he was a true role model and mentor."

Partial bibliography

 * Pearl: The Obsessions and Passions of Janis Joplin (2005) - Warner Books
 * The Sexiest Man Alive : A Biography of Warren Beatty (2002) - HarperCollins
 * The Most Beautiful Woman in the World: The Obsessions, Passions, and Courage of Elizabeth Taylor (2000) - HarperCollins
 * Subterranean Kerouac: The Hidden Life of Jack Kerouac (1998) - St. Martin's Press
 * Buddy Holly: A Biography (1995) - St. Martin's Press
 * Dark Star: The Roy Orbison Story (1990) - Carol Publishing Group
 * Olivia de Havilland and the Golden Age of Hollywood (2018) - Lyons Press

title: Ellis Amburn


text:
Robert Baird McClure

Robert Baird "Bob" McClure OOnt  FRCS (Edin.) FICS (November 23, 1900 – November 10, 1991) was a Canadian physician, medical missionary to China, Taiwan, Gaza, India, and Borneo, and the 23rd Moderator of the United Church of Canada, the first unordained lay person to hold that position.

Early life
Robert McClure's father, Dr. William McClure, was born in Lachute, Quebec, and earned a medical degree under William Osler at McGill University. William's wife, Margaret (nee Baird) McClure, was born in Pennsylvania. Together, the two became missionaries at a Presbyterian mission in Wuhan, China in 1888. The Boxer Rebellion of 1900 forced the McClures and their two young daughters to evacuate to the port of Shanghai, although Margaret was three months pregnant. From Shanghai, they parted ways. William joined the medical unit of HMS Centurion under the command of Captain John Jellicoe, which was headed for Beijing as part of the Seymour Expedition. Margaret and her daughters sailed to North America on the SS Shinano Maru, landing at Portland, Oregon, where her son Robert was born on November 23, 1900. By 1901, the Boxer Rebellion had been suppressed, and the McClures were reunited in Weihui, where the Presbyterian Church had established a new mission.

Robert McClure grew up in the Weihui compound, and due to his friendships with Chinese playmates, could speak both English and Mandarin by an early age. In 1910, William took a two-year sabbatical and returned with his family to North America, staying with Margaret's relatives in Wooster, Ohio. In 1912, when William was scheduled to return to Weihui, the family made the decision that William and 11-year-old Robert would return to China, while Margaret would stay in North America with her daughters as they completed their primary and high school studies.

After three more years in China, William returned with Robert to North America for another sabbatical, and the family reunited in Toronto, where Robert's two sisters were enrolled at school, Janet at the University of Toronto, and Margaret at Harbord Collegiate Institute. Robert was also enrolled at Harbord, and during his first summer in Toronto, he worked at the Russell Motor Car Company, making munitions for the Canadian Expeditionary Force fighting in the First World War. The next summer, he worked on a farm as part of the "Soldiers of the Soil" program.

University
In the fall of 1917, Robert enrolled in medicine at the University of Toronto, working evenings and weekends as a stevedore at the Toronto docks or a baggage handler at Union Station to earn enough to pay his tuition. He also attended Bloor Street Church, where he was greatly influenced by the sermons of Dr. George C. Pigeon, who would go on to become the first Moderator of the United Church of Canada in 1925.

In 1920, Robert met Amy Hislop and the two started to date. In 1922, McClure graduated with his medical degree, and was planning to do post-graduate surgical work at Harvard University before joining the British Colonial Service. He was approached by George Pidgeon, who asked McClure if he would instead consider travelling to Qinyang, China to replace the doctor at the Presbyterian mission hospital who had been killed by bandits. When McClure pointed out that he needed a year of surgical training, Pidgeon arranged for McClure to work with Dr. Kenneth Perfect at Western Hospital in Toronto for a year.

China missionary
McClure arrived in China in early 1924. Since he could speak Mandarin but could neither read nor write Chinese characters, he enrolled in Chinese language school for several months. McClure then travelled to Qinyang to take up his post as mission doctor at the Menzies Memorial Hospital. The following year, with the formation of the United Church of Canada from the union of the Presbyterian, Methodist and Congregationalist Churches, the hospital and mission became a United Church charge.

In 1926, Robert asked a colleague travelling to Toronto to present Amy Hislop with his marriage proposal; Amy said yes, and the two met later that year in Tianjin to be married. Robert returned to Qinyang with his new bride, but less than a year later full civil war broke out between the Kuomintang, Communists and Nationalists, forcing Robert and his pregnant wife to flee to Tianjin. McClure relocated to a Presbyterian mission hospital in Taipei on the island of Taiwan, which was occupied by Japan at the time. There he worked with Dr. George Gushue-Taylor, a highly respected English surgeon who in 1917 had co-authored a Taiwanese-language nursing manual, Lāi-goā-kho Khàn-hō͘-ha̍k. In addition to his medical work, McClure started to learn the Amoy dialect so he could speak directly with his patients, and he also learned some rudimentary Japanese for his dealings with local authorities. Two children were born to the McClures during their time in Taiwan.

Prodded by Gushue-Taylor, McClure made the decision to earn his FRCS degree, and in 1930, travelled to the UK to commence his studies. After surgical training and study at Chelsea Hospital, McClure failed the FRCS exam. He rejoined his family in Canada and studied surgery at Toronto General Hospital then re-took the FRCS exam in Toronto in the spring of 1931 but for a second time, he failed. He immediately travelled to Edinburgh to sit for the summer exam, and this time, he passed.

During his studies in Edinburgh, McClure had learned about the use of radium in cancer treatments. At the time, radium was very expensive, costing £15,000 per gram. In preparation for a return to the mission hospital at Qinyang, McClure raised enough money to buy a few micrograms of radium. One of his donors was diplomat Vincent Massey. McClure was the second missionary doctor in the world to buy radium (the first being the Canadian doctor William James Wanless for the Miraj Medical Centre in India.)

The family moved back to Qinyang in late 1931. In the next two years, the McClure family expanded with the arrival of two more children. In 1934, McClure travelled to Europe for five months to study the latest developments in the use of radiation treatments for cancer.

In 1937, McClure became the Field Director for the International Red Cross (IRC), and in this role, tried to convince all the factions vying for control of central China to allow for the free movement of medical supplies and treatment of wounded soldiers. During one of these attempts, he was detained by Japanese soldiers as a spy, and was only saved from immediate execution by the intervention of a Japanese officer who had worked with McClure on rural reconstruction.

On February 23, 1938, McClure crossed paths with fellow Canadian doctor Norman Bethune, who was travelling to join Communist forces at Shanxi. McClure biographer Munro Scott characterized the meeting as unpleasant, saying, "Dr. McClure had found Dr. Bethune to be very anti-Canadian, paranoic about his thoracic work, too militantly communist, and bitter." It was the only meeting of the two Canadian doctors — 18 months later Bethune would die from blood poisoning contracted while performing combat surgery.

Later that spring, McClure had to abandon attempts to negotiate with the Japanese forces in China when he learned they had placed a bounty of US$50,000 on his head. Through his work with the IRC, he did meet Soong Mei-ling, wife of Kuomintang leader Chiang Kai-shek. McClure developed a friendship with both of them, and a few months later Soong Mei-Ling asked McClure to travel to England to speak at a World Red Cross Conference on behalf of the Kuomintang's Central China Committee.

With the situation in China deteriorating, McClure was unable to return to his work, so he reunited with his family in Toronto and filled his time doing fundraising tours of the United States and Europe for the IRC before attending a world missionary conference in Madras, India. While there, McClure was told about the Burma Road that had just been completed by the British to connect Rangoon, Burma to Kunming, China. Seeing this as a potential way to get medical supplies into China for the IRC while bypassing Chinese ports blocked by warring factions, McClure decided to test it, and became only the third person to drive a car the length of the road. McClure set out to organize regular relief convoys along the road.

In late 1939, McClure was pinned between two trucks, suffering several serious injuries, and travelled back to Canada to convalesce. While there, he made several public speeches in which he accused the Canadian government of allowing nickel to be exported through various clandestine channels to Japan, which was then using it for war munitions against China. On December 7, 1940, McClure was summoned to a meeting in Ottawa with the prime minister, William Lyon MacKenzie King. Although King admitted to McClure that Canadian nickel was making its way to Japan in greater amounts than even McClure had suspected, King ordered McClure to recant his speeches or face arrest for subversive activities under the Defence of Canada Regulations and the War Measures Act. Realizing he could not help China or the IRC from prison, McClure unhappily sat down with Under-secretary of State Norman Robertson to craft a letter of apology.

In April 1941, McClure was approached by the Quaker organization Friends' Ambulance Unit (FAU) to move medical supplies and surgical teams into China along the Burma Road while evacuating wounded. McClure immediately left for Asia, and quickly set up what became known as the "China Convoy."

By 1942, McClure's abilities, knowledge of the Chinese people and friendship with Chiang Kai-shek came to the attention of Vincent Massey, previously one of McClure's donors of funds for radium, and at the time Canada's High Commissioner in the UK. Massey sent a telegram to Norman Robertson in Ottawa suggesting McClure would be an ideal candidate as "Canadian Minister to China." But Roberston reminded Prime Minister King of the "thoroughly unsatisfactory business" they had experienced with McClure two years previous, and King noted "I wouldn't consider him."

In addition to his organizational work, McClure also handled surgery at the hospital at Baoshan. The issue of how to rescue injured Allied pilots who had been forced to land in remote Himalayan valleys came to the attention of McClure. He had learned how to parachute in Toronto, and several times parachuted into remote locations in order to give first aid and organize transportation of injured pilots out to the Burma Road, where they could be evacuated.

During this time, McClure's friendship with Chiang Kai-shek and Soong Mei-ling came to end when Soong Mei-ling demanded that medical supplies coming up the Burma Road not be used on wounded Communist soldiers, which McClure refused to consider.

In 1945, as the Japanese withdrew from northern China, McClure organized medical relief operations for the province of Hunan. In June 1946, with the wartime FAU morphing into the peacetime Friends Service Unit, McClure opened a United Church mission hospital in Hankou and spent two years there.

In 1948, the Communist faction under Mao Zedong swept across China, driving the Kuomintang off-shore to Taiwan. Although McClure was willing to stay in China during the Communist takeover and try to negotiate his medical services with the new regime, he was suddenly called back to Canada due to the critical illness of one of his daughters. By the time she recovered, the Communist takeover of China was complete, and McClure found himself locked out of China due to his former friendship with Chiang Kai-shek and Soong Mei-ling.

Gaza
Following his return to Canada, McClure spent 18 months as surgeon and gynaecologist in a group practice in Toronto, which he recalled as "a dull life" after his adventures in China and Burma. In 1950, the Church Missionary Society sent him to the Gaza Strip to run a mission hospital. His one-year appointment dragged on to four years because the Church Missionary Society was unable to locate a replacement surgeon. Finally McClure jokingly suggested they sell the hospital, and to his surprise, they did agree to allow McClure to sell the hospital to another mission society.

India
Almost immediately, the United Church of Canada sent McClure to the Ratlam Christian Hospital at Ratlam, India. The hospital had only been used for minor surgery before his arrival, but now he set out to make it a centre of major surgery as well as a treatment centre for bone fractures. McClure also set up a medical lab, and started a program to train people as basic lab technicians. After four months of training, each technician was sent back to their village able to handle basic lab procedures such as blood counts and slide smears.

On September 1, 1966, the Canadian Broadcasting Company aired a television special "Dr. Bob McClure: medical missionary" about his life and his work in Ratlam. It was only the second colour program to air on CBC-TV. During the program, McClure talked about the reason he sought missionary work: "One of the great motivations in missionary work is the spirit of adventure. I would define adventure as being risk with a purpose, as distinct from simply risk of weaving at high speed through crowded traffic. That sort of risk with purpose gives you adventure and a good feeling, a thrill... and a very good feeling when it is all over." In terms of the suffering he saw around him, McClure said, "Sure there are things you meet that make you feel very deeply, but emotionalism must be expressed in long-term determination, not in fluffy sentimentality."

McClure stayed at Ratlam for 13 years. In 1967, at the age of 66, he declared that he was retiring, and returned to Canada.

Moderator
In 1967, the United Church, with a million adult members, was the largest Protestant denomination in Canada. Since its inception in 1925, the spiritual head of the church, the moderator, had always been an ordained minister. But in the late 1960s, discontent was starting to ripple through the church. Canadian author Pierre Berton, in his 1966 book The Comfortable Pew, called the hierarchy of the mainline denominations in Canada too staid, the clergy too interested in liturgy rather than engagement with issues of social justice. At the 23rd General Council of the United Church in 1968, delegates were looking for a new voice, and elected the forthright and plain-spoken Bob McClure as moderator, the first layperson to hold that office. As McClure admitted, "In appointing a layman as a Moderator in a General Council with probably 50 expert theologians present, it’s obvious the United Church didn't want theological views. They appointed a layman as Moderator presumably because they wanted a clear view of the relationship of the Canadian citizen to the needs of a very shrinking world."

During his three-year term, McClure was not afraid to espouse controversial viewse not supported by church policy, admitting in an interview three months after his election "my tongue has already gotten me in a little hot water." Some of the items McClure supported such as legalized abortion and the acceptance of American draft dodgers were not church policy, but the United Church came to support them in the years after his term ended.

Retirement
After his term as moderator ended, McClure's "retirement" became an opportunity to travel the world and use his medical skills on a voluntary basis. The 70-year-old first travelled to Southeast Asia as an OXFAM volunteer to do a family planning survey. He then accepted a medical position at a Methodist mission hospital in Malaysia. In 1975, he travelled to the Amazon Basin of Peru to inoculate river communities. In 1977, he worked as a volunteer surgeon in Kimpese, Zaire. In 1978, as his last medical work, he treated patients at a United Church clinic in Fort Simpson, British Columbia.

In 1979, at age 78, he settled down in Toronto, but was a frequent public speaker, averaging 15 speeches a month. He also led annual tourist groups to some of his former locations in China, India, the Burma Road, and Borneo.

At age 90, he was diagnosed with inoperable pancreatic cancer, and died on November 9, 1991.

Awards and recognition

 * Companion of the Order of Canada, 1971. "For his services to humanity, particularly as a medical missionary."
 * Member of the Order of Ontario, 1990.
 * On December 7, 1978, with Bob and Amy McClure in the visitors' gallery, the Ontario Legislature unanimously passed a resolution, "That this House recognizes the outstanding achievements of Dr. Robert McClure whose life of service at home, in China and elsewhere in the world exemplifies the most commendable aspects of the human spirit."
 * Man of the Year Peace Award of the Lester B. Pearson Peace Park, 1985.
 * Two United Churches in Canada are named for McClure:
 * McClure United Church in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. (An intermediate care facility built next to the church in 2005 was named Amy McClure House after Bob McClure's wife.)
 * Robert McClure United Church in Calgary, Alberta

title: Robert Baird McClure