text:
User talk:Tsoma

Welcome!

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title: User talk:Tsoma


text:
Alexander Maconochie, Lord Meadowbank

The Right Honourable Alexander Maconochie, Lord Meadowbank of Garvock and Pitliver (2 March 1777–30 November 1861), was a Scottish advocate, judge, landowner and politician. After 1854 he took the surname Maconochie-Welwood.

Life
Maconochie was born on 2 March 1777 in "Society" a district in south Edinburgh, Midlothian (now known as the Pleasance), the eldest son of Elizabeth Welwood of Garvock and Allan Maconochie, Lord Meadowbank. He was educated at the Royal High School, Edinburgh, and probably at the University of Edinburgh. He was admitted as an advocate in 1799, and in 1800 admitted to the Highland Society.

He served as Sheriff of Haddington from 1810 and Solicitor General for Scotland from 1813, and as Lord Advocate from 1816 to 1819.

He was Member of Parliament for Yarmouth, Isle of Wight, England, from 1817–1818, and for the Kilrenny district of Anstruther Burghs from 1818 to 1819. He made his Parliamentary debut during a period of considerable unrest in both Scotland and England in 1817, choosing to mark it by announcing the existence of a seditious conspiracy of weavers in the suburbs of Glasgow. The ensuing prosecutions were spectacularly unsuccessful, however, and caused considerable embarrassment, both to the government and to Maconochie himself, who, as Lord Advocate, was directly responsible.

In 1817 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Sir William Arbuthnot, 1st Baronet, Thomas Allan, Sir David Brewster and Sir Henry Jardine. He served as a Councillor of the Society during 1822-5 (Literary section) and 1835–7.

In February 1827 he co-founded the Edinburgh Theatrical Fund with Sir Walter Scott and served as its first President. This body provided funds for "the relief of decayed actors".

In the 1830s, his city address is listed as 13 Royal Circus Edinburgh's New Town. His rural estate Meadowbank from which he took the name of his title was located in West Lothian. Meadowbank House passed to him from his father and circa 1835, he paid for the Scottish architect William Henry Playfair to redesign the house in Scottish baronial style.

In part because of his rather indifferent record, especially after further embarrassment in the Court of Session in 1819, he was appointed a lord of session and justiciary as Lord Meadowbank 1819, and resigned in 1843. With the same title as his father, he was subject of one of Scots law's better puns. When he quizzed one advocate as to the difference between 'likewise and also', he received the reply that just as his father had been Lord Meadowbank, so was he, 'also but not likewise'.

He assumed the additional surname of Welwood on succeeding to his cousin's estates in 1854.

Maconochie-Welwood died on 30 November 1861 at Meadowbank House (now named Kirknewton House), Kirknewton, West Lothian, and was interred at a private burial ground at Meadowbank House.

Artistic Patronage
He was patron to the Edinburgh artist William Crawford.

Family
In 1805 he married Anne Blair the eldest daughter of Lord President Robert Blair, Lord Avontoun. The couple had children including:
 * Allan Alexander Maconochie (1806–1885).
 * Isabella Cornelia (b. 1807, d. 1888)
 * Robert Blair Maconochie (b. 21 May 1814, died 4 October 1863) who married Charlotte Joanna
 * Mary Anne Maconochie, who married Steuart Bayley Hare of Calderhall, father of Lt Col Hare.
 * Henry Dundas Maconochie-Welwood, b. 1820, died 1852 in Calcutta while working for the East India Company
 * Anne (b. 1822, d. 1882)
 * Elizabeth (d. 1881).

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Alexander Maconochie, Lord Meadowbank


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Italian tomato pie

Italian tomato pie is an Italian-American and Italian-Canadian baked good consisting of a thick, porous, focaccia-like dough covered with tomato sauce. It may be sprinkled with Romano cheese or oregano. It is not usually served straight from the oven, but allowed to cool and then consumed at room temperature or reheated. Like Sicilian pizza, tomato pie is baked in a large rectangular pan and usually served in square slices, although in Rhode Island it is cut into rectangular strips like pizza al taglio. Tomato pie descends from and resembles the Italian sfincione, although it is not the same dish. For instance, sfincione may have toppings, is usually served hot, and has a crust more like brioche than focaccia.

A 1903 article in the New-York Tribune on the food of Italian-Americans described a "pomidore pizza", or tomato pie, made solely with dough, tomatoes, and powdered red pepper. Tomato pie has been sold by Iannelli's Bakery in Philadelphia since 1910. In Utica, New York, the family that would later found O'Scugnizzo's Pizzeria in 1914 sold tomato pies from their basement for several years prior, starting in 1910.

Canada

 * Hamilton, Ontario: Roma pizza (after the name of a bakery), bread pizza, slab pizza
 * Montreal: cold pizza, pizza bread, tomato pizza

United States

 * Philadelphia: tomato pie, church pie, gravy pie (as in "Italian gravy", i.e. tomato sauce)

 * Rhode Island: bakery pizza, party pizza, pizza strips, red bread, strip pizza, red strips
 * Utica: tomato pie

title: Italian tomato pie


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HMS Lincoln (F99)

HMS Lincoln (F99) was a Salisbury-class or Type 61 aircraft direction frigate of the Royal Navy.

History
She was built by Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company in Govan on the River Clyde. The ship was laid down in 1955, launched 6 April 1959, and completed 7 July 1960. She was named after the city of Lincoln, Lincolnshire.

On Tuesday 13 July 1965 she recommissioned in Singapore Dockyard under the command of Commander D C Nairne RN and served in the Far East during the Indonesian Conflict, she also visited Subic Bay during exercises with the US Navy and Hong Kong where she was guard ship. Returning to Singapore she sailed for Plymouth in 1966. In October 1973 she took part in the Second Cod War under the command of Commander D Howard, and after being rammed in the stern during the first Cod war Commander Howard took steps to stop this happening again. This involved mounting two lengths of railway line protruding from the stern. This had the desired effect in protecting the stern of the ship. However, damage was caused to both port and starboard sides of the ship when the ship was positioned between a target trawler and the gunboat Aegir. After a successful deployment the ship returned to Chatham to undergo repairs.

In April 1974 HMS Lincoln was decommissioned at Chatham and placed in the reserve fleet. With the serious damage being suffered by British frigates in late 1975, due to aggressive ramming by Icelandic gunboats, in the Third Cod War in 1976, Lincoln received a short refit for patrol duties with improved wooden padding on the bow area for ramming reinforcement. It has been suggested, Lincoln was selected for this ramming role as it was the one Type 61, not fitted with hull stabilizer fins. She was engaged in sea trials before commencing active service, when settlement was reached over the fishing conflict.

In 1976 the New Zealand Government sought to purchase second hand Royal Navy to replace the RNZN Type 12 Taranaki, and HMS Lincoln was one of four RN frigates that was offered for sale. The New Zealand Government rejected the offer for Lincoln, as her 174 Sonar had been removed and could not easily be refitted. Remaining in British service, Lincoln carried out a tour of duty in the Arctic Circle and served as the guard ship in Gibraltar during late 1976. She was finally returned to the standby squadron in Chatham in December 1977. She was proposed for sale to Egypt in 1978, but that deal also did not proceed.

In 1979 Lincoln served her final active commission as a training ship for submarine engineers, as her engines were akin to those aboard the Oberon-class submarine. She was also used in Arctic waters alongside HMS Bulwark, to provide radar cover for the initial sea trials of the Sea Harrier aircraft. Lincolns 966 and 986 radars were used in combination with Bulwarks 986 radar to provide tracking over Scandinavia. The 986 radar had been fitted to three Type 61s, Bulwark and Ark Royal in around 1970, as a partial replacement for the complex 984 3D radar previously fitted to the carriers. In 1981 Lincoln was unsuccessfully proposed for sale to the Bangladesh Navy.

title: HMS Lincoln (F99)


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User talk:Bgohla

Subscription required for Nation article.
See Talk:Mary Wollstonecraft. — Jeandré, 2005-06-01t18:07z

Welcome
Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

A good mathematical resource is also WikiProject Mathematics and its talk page, which serves as a board to discuss all math-related issues on Wikipedia. There is also a list of participants to sign in. Enjoy! Oleg Alexandrov 00:29, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Bgohla


text:
Juchitán

Juchitán may refer to:

 * Juchitán, Guerrero, Mexico
 * Juchitán District
 * Juchitán, Oaxaca, Mexico ("Juchitán de Zaragoza")
 * Juchitán railway station

title: Juchitán


text:
Archibald Colquhoun (politician)

Archibald Campbell Colquhoun (8 September 1756 – 8 December 1820) was a Scottish politician and lawyer from Glasgow. He served as Lord Advocate the highest position in the Scottish legal system.

Life
He was born Archibald Campbell in Glasgow in 1756, the only son of John Campbell of Clathick, Perthshire, (later Lord Provost of Glasgow 1788/90), and his wife Agnes Colquhoun, the only child of Laurence Colquhoun of Killermont, Dumbartonshire. On succeeding to the estate of Killermont upon the death of his father in 1804, he assumed the additional surname and arms of Colquhoun.

He studied Law at Glasgow University graduating in 1769 and was admitted an advocate in 1768 and appointed Sheriff of Perth from 1793 to 1807 and Rector of Glasgow University from 1807 to 1809.

On the downfall of the ministry of All the Talents, he was appointed Lord Advocate on 28 March 1807. At this time, a high ratio of the Scottish patronage of high level legal positions was in the hands of the Dundas family, and William Erskine, Alexander Maconochie. and Henry Cockburn were actually chosen deputes by Lord Melville before Colquhoun had received the appointment.

In the following May, he was returned as Member of Parliament for the Elgin district of burghs, but after three years resigned his seat. In July 1810 he was elected member for Dumbartonshire, which county he continued to represent until his death in 1820.

Colquhoun, as the Lord Advocate, took part in reforming the constitution of the Court of Session, and was appointed one of the thirteen commissioners who sat for the first time on 30 November 1808 for the purpose of inquiring into the administration of justice in Scotland. The correspondence between him and Erskine, the late lord advocate, on the subject of the respective merits of Lord Grenville's and Lord Eldon's bills for the reform of legal procedure will be found in the 'Scots Magazine' for 1808, pp. 70–2, 149–52. On the death of Lord Frederick Campbell, Colquhoun was appointed Lord Clerk Register, on 4 July 1816, much to the disappointment of Erskine's friends, who had hoped that the post would have been offered to him. He was a partner in the Thistle Bank of Glasgow, of which his father was co-founder.

Colquhoun died on 8 December 1820, after an illness of a few days, at the house of his son-in-law, Walter Long, at Hartham, Wiltshire, and was buried in the parish churchyard of New Kilpatrick near Glasgow.

Family
In 1796 he married Mary Ann, daughter of the Rev. William Erskine, episcopalian minister at Muthill, Perthshire, and sister of William Erskine, afterwards Lord Kinneder. His wife survived him for many years, and died at Rothesay on 15 May 1833.

They had six daughters and two sons: Their eldest child died within a year of her birth, and it was on this occasion that Carolina Oliphant, afterwards Baroness Nairne, wrote The Land of the Leal, which she sent to her old friend Mrs. Colquhoun.
 * John Campbell Colquhoun of Killermont and Garscadden,
 * William Laurence Colquhoun, who died on 16 Jan. 1861.

Assessment
Colquhoun was a good classical scholar, a sound lawyer, and an eloquent pleader. Being a man of independent fortune and of reserved manners, he hardly took the position at the bar to which his abilities entitled him. His only reported speech does not appear to have been a great success. He rose 'amidst a tumultuous cry of Question! Question!' to take part in the debate on the Duke of York's conduct, and had not got very far when the house became 'so clamorous for the question that the hon. member could no longer be heard'.

title: Archibald Colquhoun (politician)


text: User talk:207.245.58.40

title: User talk:207.245.58.40


text:
Broderick, California

Broderick (formerly, Washington) is a former town in Yolo County, California, United States, now forming part of the City of West Sacramento. It is located just west of the Sacramento River in the eastern portion of the county. Broderick's ZIP Code is 95605 and is in area codes 916 and 279. It lies at an elevation of 23 feet (7 m).

Beginnings
Washington was rumored to be named after George Washington because the town plan was filed by Margaret McDowell on Washington's birthday. Margaret McDowell's first husband, James McDowell, settled and developed 600 acre of land on a rancho he purchased from John Schwartz in 1846. He was killed in the Spring of 1849 in a saloon brawl, leaving his wife a widow.

Margaret McDowell was left with five children, a house and a garden. She had taken in boarders as a means of income, but found she needed to do something else to remain financially able. In August 1849 she hired a surveyor to map 160 acre that was adjoined to her garden. In October of that year she established the boundaries of her property and created a town plat of 41 blocks which she named Washington. She sold several lots during the next few years, but Washington's plat was not officially recorded and the town was called by other names including "Margeretta" and "West Sacramento".

In 1850 there were approximately 300 people residing in Washington. During the summer of 1851 the county seat was relocated from Fremont to Washington because of the severe flooding that Fremont had experienced the winter before. It now seemed that Washington had the potential to become comparable to its "booming" sister city, Sacramento on the opposite side of the river.

A post office was established in April 1854 but the building burnt down in 1856 and to the dismay of the residents, a post office was never reconstructed and they had to go to Sacramento to get their mail for the next 33 years.

The Washington Public School District was organized in 1856, and the land was donated by Margaret McDowell, now married to Dr. Enos C. Taylor, her third husband, and renamed Mrs. Margaret Taylor. The school district still serves West Sacramento, and built three local schools within the first decade of its existence.

Local flooding that had occurred almost annually had alarmed Yolo County residents who voted to move the county seat to Cacheville (now Yolo) in 1857. However, residents disliked their choice because Cacheville was so isolated and small, and moved the county seat back to Washington. Unfortunately the weather proved disastrous in the winter of 1861–62, and in 1862 the voters held a special election to vote a permanent county seat. The county seat was elected to be Woodland to the dislike of Washingtonians. Another heavy blow to the already downtrodden Washington residents was the completion of a bridge to Sacramento located roughly where the I Street Bridge is located today. Travelers coming from the Bay Area now had no reason to stop in Washington on their way to Sacramento. There was no need to use the local ferries because the toll bridge was cheaper.

Economic optimism increased in Washington when the California Pacific Railroad reached the town in November 1868, and Washington was the railhead of the line that started in Vallejo. The outcome wasn't quite as hoped for. Property values did not increase, and had actually decreased in comparison to the Gold Rush days. In addition to that, a new junction was completed in Davisville (now Davis) that headed towards Woodland, diverting rail traffic from Washington. Furthermore, in 1870 Cal-P reconstructed the I Street Bridge to withstand the weight of rail cars, so the rail line could reach Sacramento.

In 1871 what is modern day Downtown Sacramento raised its buildings nine feet and reinforced the levees on its side of the Sacramento River to withstand the annual flooding. The unincorporated town of Washington could not afford to properly engineer well-protected levees nor raise the whole town, so each year they would fix their levees and endure any flooding that would occur.

The town was renamed in the late 1800s in honor of the anti-slavery advocate and United States Senator David C. Broderick.

A new post office was established in 1893, and operated until 1909 with a brief closure in 1895 to 1896.

Businesses
The largest employer in Broderick is the California State Teachers Retirement System, which built its headquarters on the waterfront. The Ziggurat building, originally built as the corporate headquarters for The Money Store and now home to the State Department of General Services, sits at the edge of the area.

The neighborhood's iconic restaurant is Sal's Tacos, known for its mosaic tile decor. In 2012, Broderick Restaurant and Bar opened.

Notable people

 * Harold "Bizz" Johnson - Congressman 1959-1981

title: Broderick, California


text:
Operation Journeyman

Operation Journeyman was a Royal Navy operation in which a naval taskforce was secretly sent to the Falkland Islands in November 1977 to prevent an Argentine invasion.

Operation
The operation was ordered by James Callaghan after a party from the Argentine Air Force landed on Thule and constructed a base with barracks and a concrete helicopter landing pad. They set up a weather station, a radio station, and a flagpole from which the Argentine flag flew. This prompted fears of an Argentine invasion of the Falklands. The United Kingdom's Foreign Office states that prompt action against the Argentines prevented a more serious attack. The force, planned under heavy security, was commanded by Captain Hugh Balfour, the commanding officer of the frigate HMS Phoebe (F42), which was accompanied by the nuclear submarine HMS Dreadnought (S101), the frigate HMS Alacrity (F174), and two auxiliaries, RFA Resurgent and RFA Olwen in support. The Argentines rapidly became aware of the taskforce's presence, but their forces remained on Thule and Callaghan decided against the use of force to evict them.

Rules of engagement
The 1977 rules of engagement were: "Commanding officers and aircraft captains are to respond to any aggression with tactful firmness and are to exhibit a determination to meet any escalation, though not to exceed that already carried out by the enemy."

"All use of force must be governed by the principle of using only the minimum force necessary to achieve the aim." Such force must be used only until it was evident "that the immediate aim is being achieved, and must in no way be retaliatory".

The submarine commander was told: "If you are attacked with [anti-submarine] weapons by [Argentine] forces, you are to surface or withdraw at high speed submerged, whichever will be of least risk to life."

They also set up a 50 mi security zone and any ships entering would be told that they must identify themselves and state their plans. Classified documents relating to Operation Journeyman were released in 2005.

title: Operation Journeyman


text:
Sharon Statement

The Sharon Statement is the founding statement of principles for Young Americans for Freedom. The views expressed in the statement, while not considered "traditional conservative principles" at the time, played a significant role in influencing Republican leaders in the 1980s. Written by M. Stanton Evans and adopted on September 11, 1960, the statement is named for the location of the inaugural meeting of Young Americans for Freedom, held at William F. Buckley, Jr.'s childhood home in Sharon, Connecticut.

Background
In the late 1950s conservative students on college campuses campaigned for policies to combat communism. Many of these students became supporters of Barry Goldwater's 1960 campaign for the GOP vice-presidential nomination. At the Republican National Convention, Goldwater, failing to secure the nomination, challenged attendees saying: "Let’s grow up conservatives. If you want to take the party back, then let’s get to work!" In response, a meeting was organized at the home of William F. Buckley in Sharon, Connecticut. In attendance at the Sharon Conference were about 90 students from 44 universities located in 24 states. Amongst the attendees were several future conservative leaders including historian Lee Edwards, Howard Phillips, Don Lipsett (co-founder Philadelphia Society), Paul Niemeyer (United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit), William A. Rusher (National Review publisher), Allan Ryskind (publisher of Human Events) and M. Stanton Evans. It was decided to organize a new organization which was named the Young Americans for Freedom (YAF). Evans was selected to draft the founding principles of the group, named Sharon Statement after Buckley's residence. Evans said he was influenced by the works of conservative thinkers such as F. A. Hayek, Russell Kirk, William F. Buckley Jr., and Whittaker Chambers.

Summary
The Sharon Statement consists of 400 words. It's an expression of National Review editor Frank Meyer's "fusionism," described as a combination of traditional conservatism, libertarianism and anti-communism, the three prevailing variants of conservatism at the time. The inclusion of "God" in the document was controversial. The statement begins with the statement "foremost among the transcendent values is the individual's use of his God-given free will." It then proceeds to espouse five core principles which have directed the conservative movement since its adoption:

 * 1) Individual freedom and the right of governing originate with God
 * 2) Political freedom is impossible without economic freedom
 * 3) Limited government and strict interpretation of the Constitution
 * 4) The free market system is preferable over all others
 * 5) Communism must be defeated, not contained

Legacy
Two years later, in 1962, Tom Hayden wrote the Port Huron Statement. The manifesto for Students for a Democratic Society has been called the left's response to the Sharon Statement.

In 2010, fifty years after the adoption of the Sharon Statement, the Mount Vernon Statement was written. The Mount Vernon Statement shares the same sentiment of the Sharon Statement. However, where Sharon focuses on the "outworkings of liberty and self-government", Mount Vernon emphasizes a principle from the Declaration of Independence: that human freedom is based on "the laws of nature and nature's God."

In a 2010 interview, Evans reflected on the impact of the Sharon Statement, attributing the document and the movement it spawned to the fall of the Soviet Union while failing to address the "domestic spending issue" and "cultural issues, educational issues."

In his obituary of Evans journalist Adam Clymer called it a "seminal document" in the establishment of the conservative movement.

The Heritage Foundation described the Sharon Statement as "a succinct summary of the central ideas of modern American conservatism".

title: Sharon Statement


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Henry Erskine (lawyer)

The Honourable Henry Erskine (1 November 1746 – 8 October 1817) was a British Whig politician and lawyer.

Background and education
Erskine was the third but second surviving son of Agnes, daughter of Sir James Steuart, 7th Baronet and his wife Anne (1687-1736), and Henry Erskine, 10th Earl of Buchan. He was the brother of David Erskine, 11th Earl of Buchan, and Lord Chancellor Thomas Erskine, 1st Baron Erskine. His elder sister was Lady Anne Agnes Erskine who was involved with the evangelical methodists of Countess of Huntingdon's Connexion. He was educated at the University of St Andrews (1760-1764), the University of Glasgow (1764-1766) and then to the University of Edinburgh in 1766. He was described as "a tall and rather slender figure, a face sparkling with vivacity, a clear sweet voice, and general suffusion of elegance".

Legal and political career
Erskine is considered the lawyer who effectively created the modern adversarial. He was considered a legendary orator compared by his contemporaries to Cicero.

Erskine served as Lord Advocate from 1783 to 1784 in the Fox-North Coalition and again from 1806 to 1807 in the Ministry of All the Talents. He was advocate and state councillor to the Prince of Wales in Scotland from 1783. He was Dean of the Faculty of Advocates from 1785 to 1795, but was not re-elected in 1796, due to his opposition to the war. Lord Cockburn, commenting on his replacement, observed that "it was the Faculty of Advocates alone that suffered". Robert Burns wrote a ballad memorializing the vote entitled, "The Dean of Faculty". In 1788, Erskine had the unenviable task of defending the celebrated Edinburgh thief Deacon Brodie. Despite his best efforts, Brodie was sentenced to death.

In 1795 he was living at 68 Princes Street facing Edinburgh Castle having moved there from George Square. Erskine sat as Member of Parliament for Haddington Burghs from April to November 1806, and for Dumfries Burghs from 1806 to 1807. He was appointed as a Commissioner to inquire into administration of justice in Scotland in 1808. In 1811 he gave up his practice at the bar and retired to his country residence of Almondell, in Linlithgowshire. It was said of him that "no poor man wanted a friend while Harry Erskine lived." He published The Emigrant, an Eclogue, 1773 and other poems.

Family
Erskine married firstly Christian, daughter of George Fullerton, in 1772. They lived at Shoemakers Close on the Canongate. They had two sons and two daughters. Their eldest son, Henry, succeeded as 12th Earl of Buchan on his uncle's death in 1829. After Christian's death in May 1804 Erskine married as his second wife Erskine, daughter of Alexander Munro and widow of Sir James Turnbull, in 1805. This marriage was childless. Henry Erskine died in October 1817, aged 70. A bust of Erskine by Peter Turnerelli stands in Parliament Hall in Edinburgh.

title: Henry Erskine (lawyer)


text:
Brookdale, California

Brookdale is a census-designated place (CDP) in Santa Cruz County, California. Brookdale sits at an elevation of 405 ft. It is located in the San Lorenzo Valley between Boulder Creek and Ben Lomond on Highway 9. The 2010 United States census reported Brookdale's population was 1,991.

The ZIP Code is 95007 and the community is inside area code 831. There is no mail delivery in Brookdale, though no home is more than 1.5 miles from the post office.

History
The area was previously known as Clear Creek and then Brookville, and was the site of the Grover Lumber Mill by 1870. Logging and lumber was the major industry throughout the Santa Cruz Mountains at the time. James Harvey Logan, a Santa Cruz judge and creator of the loganberry, purchased the mill in 1900, created a creekside resort with cabins and camping, and established the Brookdale post office in 1902.

The Brookdale Lodge
Brookdale Lodge, a historic resort complex, is the main business in Brookdale. It was famous for decades, known especially for the stream running through its primary restaurant, the Brook Room (closed for renovation as of 2019). It currently has a reputation for being haunted by numerous ghosts. Started by Judge Logan, by 1922 it was owned by Dr. F. K. Camp, a Seventh-day Adventist physician, who envisioned a dining room spanning the creek and hired Horace Cotton of San Francisco to design it.

"In its day, the Brookdale Lodge was the second most popular resort in California and hosted the rich and famous ... Hollywood stars, prominent families, foreign diplomats, and even President Herbert Hoover visited the scenic lodge. Famous persons passing through Brookdale Lodge included: Mae West, Marilyn Monroe, Tyrone Power, Joan Crawford, Rita Hayworth, Hedy Lamarr, and President Herbert Hoover. Shirley Temple and Johnny Weissmuller had homes nearby. Herbert Hoover visited often, and enjoyed fishing off the dining room bridge. And during the San Francisco conference establishing the United Nations, world leaders and diplomats came to the lodge to relax. The lodge was also famous for its first rate entertainment, attracting the best big band and swing groups of the era. There are at least three swing era songs written about the Brookdale including, My Brookdale Hideaway, A Place Known as Brookdale, and Beautiful Brookdale Lodge."

The lodge has changed hands many times since, and was condemned after a fire in 2009. Since 2016 it has been owned by Pravin and Naina Patel. The lodge appeared on the paranormal show Ghost Adventures in 2012. The property has once again been sold and is undergoing intensive renovations.

Fires
There have been three large fires at the Lodge, the last of suspicious origin.

The first occurred on October 24, 1956. In that fire the dining room and an adjoining 12-room house were destroyed. A group of stores adjacent to the dining room were also badly damaged. Damage from the 1956 fire was estimated at $200,000.

The second occurred in 2005 in the same area of the main hotel as the 2009 fire.

On August 18, 2009, a fire engulfed a two-story section of the lodge near the rear of the main building that contains apartments mostly occupied by lodge employees. There were no reports of injuries to anybody staying at the inn, though some firefighters suffered minor injuries while fighting the blaze.

The origin of the fire is still under investigation and the U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives is helping to determine the cause of the three-alarm fire. According to the Boulder Creek Fire Chief the fire started under suspicious circumstances.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP covers an area of 3.8 square miles (10.0 km2), all of it land.

Climate
This region experiences warm (but not hot) and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above 71.6 °F. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Brookdale has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps.

Demographics
The 2010 United States Census reported that Brookdale had a population of 1,991. The population density was 517.5 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Brookdale was 1,790 (89.9%) White, 9 (0.5%) African American, 12 (0.6%) Native American, 19 (1.0%) Asian, 8 (0.4%) Pacific Islander, 66 (3.3%) from other races, and 87 (4.4%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 202 persons (10.1%).

The census reported that 100% of the population lived in households.

There were 806 households, out of which 235 (29.2%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 352 (43.7%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 75 (9.3%) had a female householder with no husband present, 43 (5.3%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 75 (9.3%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 8 (1.0%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 242 households (30.0%) were made up of individuals, and 44 (5.5%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47. There were 470 families (58.3% of all households); the average family size was 3.09.

The population was spread out, with 425 people (21.3%) under the age of 18, 155 people (7.8%) aged 18 to 24, 494 people (24.8%) aged 25 to 44, 751 people (37.7%) aged 45 to 64, and 166 people (8.3%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.9 males.

There were 912 housing units at an average density of 237.1 /sqmi, of which 61.0% were owner-occupied and 39.0% were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.4%; the rental vacancy rate was 4.8%. 65.4% of the population lived in owner-occupied housing units and 34.6% lived in rental housing units.

title: Brookdale, California


text:
Talk:Italian tomato pie

Request for suggestions
This was my first time editing in the Wikipedia. Please offer suggestions. Thanks... --Fduross 18:13, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Philadelphia version
In Philly and environs, a (rectangular) tomato pie as described in this article tends to be an Italian bakery item. In pizza joints, the term is used 1) to distinguish what is usually thought of as (round) American pizza from more exotic types that don't use tomato sauce, like arugula pizza or broccoli pizza; or 2) to refer to a cheeseless pizza.
 * Sarcone's Bakery, Philadelphia
 * Cacia's Bakery, Philadelphia
 * Pietro's Pizza, Philadelphia--BillFlis 14:51, 3 April 2006 (UTC)

Interesting links, the Pietro's Pizza photo that is described as "tomato pie" is much different than our tomato pie. Ours is usually served cold or room-temperature and never has mozzarella, only a sprinkling of Romano or Parmesan. Here, just about every bakery and pizzeria make tomato pie, all of which have their own unique flavors.Fduross 17:35, 3 April 2006 (UTC)

Is the etymology of the word pizza really needed here? A pizza that isn't cut into triangles is still a pizza, and that part comes off sounding kind of... snooty? 216.114.134.44 13:35, 20 September 2006 (UTC)

There is another variant of tomato pie served in northeast Philadelphia (at Tony's Place in the city's Mayfair section, for example). This resembles a conventional round thin-crust pizza, but has the cheese, olive oil and seasonings closest to the crust with sauce on the top. It is served fresh out of the oven.65.119.218.100 23:08, 22 November 2006 (UTC)

In Chicago, small round breads with sliced tomatoes and olive oil are called "tomato bread"

"Pizza" means "beak" in Italian?!
While I'm not a native Italian speaker, I have never heard of this before. The usual word for "beak" in Italian is "becco". Since I could not verify this claim looking at various sources, I will delete it for the moment. If somebody can indeed find a source, feel free to reintroduce this bit, along with the citation. If you do so, be sure to mention this also e.g. at Pizza and related entries. WolfgangFaber 17:26, 7 December 2006 (UTC)

Oh my... then I'd better shut my pizza then! Rubbish. 19:23, 18 February 2008 (UTC) Becco e funghi —Preceding unsigned comment added by 207.228.52.221 (talk)

Pizza doesn't mean beak
http://whatscookingamerica.net/History/Pizza/PizzaHistory.htm

Pizza is a variant of the word for pinch, according to this website. As an italian american, this makes sense to me. A lot of Italian words for things describe how they were made. For instance, "mozzarella" comes from "mozzare", meaning "to pinch off a ball of something", or "stracciatella", coming from "stracciato", meaning "torn up like an old dish rag".

The recipe section
Hi guys, I've moved the recipe section here for scrutiny before deciding whether or not it should be put back in the article:

 * 3 tbsp. extra-virgin olive oil
 * 2 cloves garlic
 * 1 28-to-32-oz. can crushed tomatoes
 * 1 tsp. dried oregano
 * salt and pepper to taste
 * 1 lb. pizza dough
 * 3 tbsp. grated Pecorino Romano cheese

Preheat oven to 450°F. Stretch the pizza dough to cover a greased cookie sheet. Dough should be fairly thick (about 3/4 inch). Allow the dough to rise a bit while the sauce is cooking. Heat a saucepan on medium, add the olive oil and garlic, and sauté until the garlic is just golden. Add crushed tomatoes and oregano. Cook until the sauce is thickened, about 15-20 minutes. Cool the sauce to room temperature. Top the pizza dough with the sauce and then bake in 450°F oven for about 15-20 minutes. After removing the pie from the oven, sprinkle with the cheese. Let the pie cool to room temperature before eating.

Recipe by Frank DuRoss Jr.

Hope this is okay. Thanks, GlobeGores (talk) 00:41, 15 December 2007 (UTC)

Tomato Pie image is awful
That image is awful, it needs to be closer with a higher resolution and at a higher angle possibly to show more of the texture. You get nothing from that image, Nothing at all. It's awful. Klichka (talk) 04:05, 20 June 2008 (UTC)

WikiProject Food and drink Tagging
This article talk page was automatically added with WikiProject Food and drink banner as it falls under Category:Food or one of its subcategories. If you find this addition an error, Kindly undo the changes and update the inappropriate categories if needed. The bot was instructed to tagg these articles upon consenus from WikiProject Food and drink. You can find the related request for tagging here. If you have concerns, please inform on the project talk page -- TinucherianBot (talk) 15:42, 3 July 2008 (UTC)

Request for tags for improvement
There is so many things incorrect and narrowly assumed in this wiki. Please tag accordingly - I don't know how to door. I'll research for a future rewrite —Preceding comment originally added directly to article by 166.137.132.180 (talk) 05:29, 24 July 2009 (UTC)

possible copyvio?
Most of the Trenton tomato pie section (after the 1st paragraph) appears to be a quote from the New Jersey Monthly(January 12, 2010). 66.87.7.223 (talk) 01:44, 7 January 2012 (UTC)

Suggestions
I really think there should be a distinction between "Trenton", "New England" and "Bakery" tomato pie-

In Trenton and New England, "tomato pie" is served hot, on round, relatively thin crust, with cheese.

In Philly, Rhode Island, Utica, Norristown, etc "Tomato Pie" is sold at room temp on square, thick crust, almost always with no cheese (or just a sprinkle) originally from Bakeries not pizzerias.

There are exceptions ("upside down pizza" in Philly that looks like tomato pie, round or square but has cheese under the sauce, gourmet places that use the term tomato-pie casually, etc) that confuse the definitions. But I think there are enough places that have been serving these varieties of "tomato pie" for almost 100 years that they can be considered definitive. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Schmitter3000 (talk • contribs) 23:52, 14 June 2012 (UTC)

Will Uticans STOP trying to claim they "invented" Italian Tomato pie already?
It's been going on here for years: The people in Utica NY are sociologically very braggadocios and will yammer on about how Uticans "invented" Sicilian Pizza (never mind Sicily's reservations with it.) Uticans are oddly fame obsessed, and self-identify by how "famous" something is. Everything is "famous" about Utica to Uticans iut's the small-town syndrome on steroids they openly bald-faced lie. Prove in a book that it was invented in Trenton NJ? They will attack you personally with ultra-childish vulgarities and rants and then re edit the Wiki. If you let them get this non fact in there they will invariably go on to spew off about a bunch of other lies how they "invented "Greens Escarole" and call it "Utica Greens" and then they will add a bit about how they also invented "Half Moon Cookies" (which they didn't). The entire city is brainwashed by these decades of braggart lies and now they blather these "facts" at anyone who won't vomit in their faces. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 174.255.204.136 (talk • contribs)

Merge to Sicilian pizza
A discussion is taking place at Talk:Sicilian_pizza about whether to merge this article into Sicilian pizza. -Apocheir (talk) 15:30, 19 October 2017 (UTC)

Names
A quick Google test of what's the more popular name for this stuff:
 * "Sfincione": 138,000
 * "Pizza strips": 26,600, maybe ambiguous?
 * "Sfinciuni": 20,200
 * "Philadelphia tomato pie": 15,800
 * "Utica tomato pie": 11,600
 * "Spinciuni": 3,560
 * "Sicilian tomato pie": 1,490
 * "Rhode Island tomato pie": 107

Ambiguous names:
 * "party pizza": 2,100,000 (primary usage does not refer to this)
 * "Tomato pie": 1,220,000
 * "Bakery pizza": 139,000
 * "Red bread": 129,000
 * "Italian tomato pie": 23,400
 * "Strip pizza": 10,500

- Apocheir (talk) 20:13, 9 December 2017 (UTC)

Montreal
Besides their ubiquity at Italian bakeries, tomato pizza is also mass-produced and sold out of practically every grocery store in the city, as well as by the piece at many dépanneurs in and around the city. In case anyone thinks Montreal is not "Eyetalian-American" enough, please note that many of Montreal's first Italo-Canadians came through Ellis Island over a century ago, often lived in NYC and Philly before migrating northward, and share other cultural markers including "Sunday Gravy" (the sauce, if not the name). 2607:FEA8:BFA0:BD0:6840:13BC:F7CA:3F40 (talk) 19:16, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the lead. I found one decent source for Montreal tomato pizza. Seems like you're a Montreal resident, so can you expand with other reliable sources? What's it called in French? -Apocheir (talk) 01:38, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

Cheese on tomato pie
A new user has recently edited this article twice to remove a statement that sometimes tomato pie has Romano cheese sprinkled on it. Romano cheese can be clearly seen in the image File:New_Hartford_NY_Hannaford_-_Tomato_Pie.jpg. That image is of a tomato pie from Utica, but maybe Romano cheese is not used on tomato pies in the region that she is familiar with. Mentioning where Romano cheese is and is not common would be a helpful addition, so I hope she chooses to discuss this rather than edit warring. Apocheir (talk) 17:17, 3 February 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Italian tomato pie


text:
Talk:Curtiss P-40 Warhawk

Inaccurate translation in a quote from Drabkin
There is a quote from Drabkin's book in the section on operational history with USSR. It fits the original interview with Golodnikov available online in Russian, but makes a few important mistakes by taking the pilot's words out of context. Here is the quote as given in this wiki article:

''The radio was also good. It was powerful, reliable, but only on HF (high frequency). The American radios did not have hand microphones but throat microphones. These were good throat mikes: small, light and comfortable.''

I realize that this must be the translation supplied in the book by the author, but there are two serious issues with this, and both could lead a reader to wider, incorrect implications about Soviet fighter pilots in WWII. Here is the source for this specific quote (archive of interviews on airforce.ru).

Why only HF?
First, the erroneous juxtaposition of "it was powerful, reliable, but only on high frequencies". This should not read as the radio was only powerful and reliable at HF; instead, it is the segue into the next part. In it, the pilot tells the interviewer that since half of the regiment still had Hurricanes which had UHF radios, the regiment commander (Safonov, an ace and a Hero of the Soviet Union) had to install a UHF radio inside his personal P-40, in order to be able to talk to any combinations of his subordinates. They further discuss that this was not a major problem since the radio only added about 40 pounds to the takeoff weight. Here is the original quote:

''Радиостанция была хорошей. Мощной, надежной, но на КВ. Сафонов, когда на «томахаук» сел, то он ведь «харрикейновскую» станцию себе поставил, потому, что половина полка еще на «Харрикейнах» летала, а там рации УКВ были. Так и летал с двумя станциями.''

''Radio [in a P-40] was good. Powerful, reliable, only HF, though. When Safonov transitioned to his Tomahawk, he made sure to have a radio from a Hurricane installed as well, because half the regiment still flew Hurricanes, which used UHF. So he flew with two radios.''

This means that the mention of the frequency band is not relevant to the pilot's evaluation of the strengths of P-40 or its radio, and is not a comment on their utility. It can be excised from the quote (<...>) without interfering with its purpose and avoiding misreadings.

...Hand microphones?
Second, the slight mistranslation of "hand microphones". In the original interview, Golodnikov indeed says:

''На американских станциях уже был не микрофон, а ларингофон. Хорошие ларингофоны, маленькие, легкие, удобные.''

Which is correctly translated as:

''American radios then already had laryngophones (throat microphones) instead of microphones. Those laryngophones were good: small, light, comfortable.''

But he does not mean handheld mics / handsets. The key to this is a preceding part of the interview: in it, Golodnikov discusses Hurricanes, which had normal (non-contact) microphones mounted inside the pilot's oxygen mask. It was an unusual arrangement for Soviet fighter pilots, who tended to never wear oxygen masks unless absolutely needed, reasoning that it let them move their heads more freely (they mention it often). Which is why Golodnikov pecifically mentions this in the first place, saying that this forced Hurricane pilots to always wear their masks in combat, which caused inconvenience (because pilots struggled to adjust the mask straps so that they weren't too tight, and yet didn't shift during high Gs). That is also why he later specifically notes that P-40s had more convenient and familiar laryngophones, instead of mask-mounted mikes.

I'm not sure how to correct this, since I suspect the quote is taken directly from an authoritative source. Maybe a footnote? --AyeBraine (talk) 22:40, 9 February 2020 (UTC)

Bogus performance numbers
It seems bogus performance numbers we inserted in this edit:

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Curtiss_P-40_Warhawk&oldid=892171324

P-40E had top speed of about 570 km/h. Also the engine power seems to be incorrect after this edit.

The undo button no longer works because there has been too many commits after that. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Hkultala (talk • contribs) 16:43, 12 May 2020 (UTC)

I just want to say, the bad data on this article including the lowball estimate for top speed here, are a key example of why I will no longer edit Wikipedia articles or donate money to the Wikipedia foundation. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2600:8807:5606:3E00:29C7:59C1:170E:7C2B (talk) 18:16, 29 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Do you have a source that contradicts the figures in the article? Note that the top speed listed in the article is for an altitude of 15,000 ft.  I have a source that states that the top speed of the P-40E is 350 mph (562 km/h), but it does not specify at what altitude this speed could be achieved.  However, that same source notes that the P-40E's performance dropped significantly above 12,000 ft due to the lack of a supercharger, so that is a likely explanation for the perceived "lowball estimate" for the top speed here.  If you have a source that states the top speed at a specified lower altitude, feel free to update the specifications. -  ZLEA  T \ C 18:58, 29 October 2023 (UTC)
 * It did, of course, have a supercharger, like all WW2 fighters. It was a single-speed, single-stage supercharger with a critical altitude of about 12,000 feet, which meant a top speed at around 13-15,000 feet for the P-40E. Other models had different critical altitudes and top speeds.
 * This 1941 US Army test of a P-40E gives a top speed of 361.7 mph at 3,000 rpm (full power) and at 15,000 ft
 * http://www.wwiiaircraftperformance.org/P-40/P-40E_40-405_PHQ-M-19-1320-A.jpg
 * This 1943 British test (at a low boost setting of 42" Hg) gives a top speed of 344 mph at 13,800 ft
 * http://www.wwiiaircraftperformance.org/P-40/ET573_Normal_Cowling.pdf
 * Speed tests for the P-40E range from 334 mph to 365 mph, depending on weight, altitude, RPM and boost setting. Average at higher boost settings actually used in combat was about 350-355 mph. What the article currently shows is the lowest end of that range of test outcomes, done at the lowest power settings.
 * Other models were considerably faster. This test of a P-40F made 374 mph
 * http://www.wwiiaircraftperformance.org/P-40/P-40F_41-13635_FS-M-19-1578-A.pdf 2600:8807:5606:3E00:590B:134E:8C1:8FCD (talk) 15:33, 12 February 2024 (UTC)

War hawk
You are invited to participate in Talk:War hawk about whether War hawk should be moved to Hawk (foreign policy). R2 (bleep) 16:28, 29 May 2019 (UTC)

Weak landing gear
This article says "Pilots used to British fighters sometimes found it difficult to adapt to the P-40's rear-folding landing gear, which was more prone to collapse than the lateral-folding landing gear of the Hawker Hurricane or Supermarine Spitfire. In contrast to the "three-point landing" commonly employed with British types, P-40 pilots were obliged to use a "wheels landing": a longer, low angle approach that touched down on the main wheels first. " I'm curious to know where the person who wrote that picked this us, and whether there isn't a certain amount of original research involved, or speculation on the part of whatever writer they were using as a reference, in any. The P-40 may have had a weak gear design, but it was nothing inherent in the fact that the gear retracted backwards, which is what this statement implies. The F6F Hellcat used rear-retracting gear, and it was operationally used on harsh, no flare carrier landings on a constant basis. I've never heard that they had problems with the gear collapsing. The F4U, also designed as a carrier plane, also used rear retracting gear, as did numerous other types, including the Fairey Battle, the Il-2 Sturmovik, the DeHavilland Mosquito, and many others. In fact, I'd venture that the rear-folding gear was the most common type in use on twin and multi-engined bombers. It was standard proceedure for RAF pilots to use the 3-point touchdown, while for the USAAF is was standard to touch down on the wheels first. I'm curious exactly how many instances con be found of the P-40 acutally suffering gear collapse due to using the 3-point landing, or if it was just a case of the RAF being cautious and flying the plane the way the flight manual recommended, either because it was in the book, or because they suspected the gear might collapse. There is no reason that a rearward landing gear should be more likely to collapse if it is built strongly enough. Perhaps the P-40 was not designed to that limit, since they didn't expect the 3-point landing to be used, but that's a case of the individual design being problematic, not a universal issue with rearwards folding gear. Any gear that wasn't designed for the stress would have problems with collapsing, whether it folded forwards, backwards, or laterally. For that matter I don't really understand why a 3-point landing should put any more fore and aft stress as any other type of landing. I could see no-flare carrier-style 3-point touchdowns overstressing regualr gear, but RAF style 3-point landings were no harder than any other type when done properly, and the fact that the tail is tilted downwards should add more FORWARDS force than anything else; a tailwheel plane with normal landing gear is angled so that the gear wants to stay open when it's sitting at rest on the ground. While in any landing the resistance of the wheels hitting the ground will cause a net aft force vector, theoretically a nose up landing should reduce the total aft vector, not increase it, unless they are in the habit of landing very abruptly. And that would be a problem whatever type of landing you are using. So perhaps only RAF fighters used the 3-point touchdown operationally, but it's obvious that they had no problems with the rearwards folding gear in the Wellington, Mosquito, Hampden, Halifax, Stirling, Lancaster, etc.

64.223.104.59 (talk) 04:24, 24 July 2020 (UTC)

 * I take it as being descriptive, not causative. - BilCat (talk) 05:12, 24 July 2020 (UTC)

Tomahawk v Kittyhawk
Could someone tell me why, other than, possibly, some esoteric Wiki guideline, are there are only specs for one model of this plane ? Most books talk about the early and late models as being much different in performance, they even have different names, yet, when I was doing some research to establish the actual performance difference between the Tomahawks and Kittyhawks it wasn't on Wiki ! Ludicrous.....--JustinSmith (talk) 21:01, 19 September 2021 (UTC)

 * Because WPAIR has decided to list specs for only one variant in aircraft articles, airliners being the major exception. And yes, there's a guideline for it. Sorry that you feel that is ludicrous, but that's the way it is. BilCat (talk) 21:54, 19 September 2021 (UTC)

There are planes on Wiki with more than one set of specs, and rightly so. But in any case it is a ludicrous guideline, particularly when we are actually talking about two planes with different names. And they had different names because their performance was so different.--JustinSmith (talk) 06:34, 20 September 2021 (UTC)
 * While the RAF considered the Model 81 and 87 to be different aircraft, the USAAF (the primary user) considered them to be two variants of the same aircraft. Most major differences between the aircraft were due to the F-series V-1710 engine, while most of the other changes were refinements based on combat experience.  By the way, can you provide a link to an aviation article with more than two sets of specs? -  ZLEA  T \ C 23:31, 20 September 2021 (UTC)

 * I know there have been a few, but I can't recall which at the moment. The ones I thought were only have one now. BilCat (talk) 02:14, 21 September 2021 (UTC)
 * The Model 87 had significant structural differences to the Model 81 and they were clearly different airframes - a simple side-by-side comparison shows this clearly enough. The Commonwealth air forces called the Type 81 the Tomahawk (in its various marks) and the Type 87 the Kittyhawk (in its various marks) because of this. An entirely redesigned fuselage is hardly cosmetic.
 * It was the USAAF's decision not to give the Type 87 a new pursuit designation which has caused this conflation over the years, to the point where it is now accepted without question that the two types were the same aircraft. They were separate models, and the designers knew this clearly enough.
 * This is something which the article might address. 2A00:23C7:3119:AD01:21D9:76A6:4DE9:B8EE (talk) 04:34, 13 February 2023 (UTC)
 * We can't exactly address that without reliable sources. - ZLEA  T \ C 15:01, 13 February 2023 (UTC)
 * Are there not any? 2A00:23C7:3119:AD01:2C2E:4B94:F5AB:8BCB (talk) 22:35, 11 March 2023 (UTC)
 * If you have reliable sources, feel free to provide them. - ZLEA  T \ C 02:55, 12 March 2023 (UTC)
 * There are reliable sources easily available. JustinSmith is right, there is too much variation between types to only list one. In addition to Hawk 81 and Hawk 87 types, there were also 3,000 made with merlin XX engines which had much better performance, with critical altitude at just under 20,000 ft instead of 12,000 ft. This was the type used by 16 US fighter squadrons in North Africa and Italy, plus 2 RAF squadrons and 18th Fighter Group in the Solomons. Here are performance data:
 * P-40B (Tomahawk IIA for British) Allison V-1710-33 engine, 347 mph at 15,000 ft ('without experimental filter')
 * http://www.wwiiaircraftperformance.org/P-40/P-40B_Official_Performance_Summary.jpg
 * P-40C (Tomahawk IIC for British) Allison V-1710-33 engine, 342 mph at 14,400 ft
 * http://www.wwiiaircraftperformance.org/P-40/P-40C_41-13377_FS-M-19-1457-A.jpg
 * P-40D (Kittyhawk I for the British, mainly used in Western Desert) Allison -1710-39 engine, top speed 354 mph at 15,175 ft
 * http://www.wwiiaircraftperformance.org/P-40/P-40D_40-362_PHQ-M-19-1267-A.pdf
 * Kittyhawk IA (export version of P-40E) British test done at low power, Allison V-1710-39 engine, 344 mph at 13,800 ft
 * http://www.wwiiaircraftperformance.org/P-40/ET573-level.jpg
 * P-40E, US test full power, Allison V-1710-39 engine, 361 mph at 15,000 ft
 * http://www.wwiiaircraftperformance.org/P-40/P-40E_40-405_PHQ-M-19-1320-A.jpg
 * P-40K, US test, Allison V-1710-73 engine, 365 mph at 12,000 ft
 * http://www.wwiiaircraftperformance.org/P-40/P-40K_42-9761.pdf
 * P-40F, US test, Packard V-1650-1 (Merlin XX) engine, 374 mph without sway braces, 369.5 with sway braces
 * http://www.wwiiaircraftperformance.org/P-40/P-40F_41-13635_FS-M-19-1578-A.pdf
 * Kittyhawk II (British version of P-40F) top speed 370 mph at 20,400 ft 'without air cleaner'
 * http://www.wwiiaircraftperformance.org/P-40/Kittyhawk_II_performance_9sept42.jpg
 * P-40N-10 (Kittyhawk IV for British), Australian test, Allison V-1710-81, 354 mph at 9,200 ft
 * http://www.wwiiaircraftperformance.org/P-40/A29-412-level-speed-WEP.jpg
 * P-40N, Allison V-1710-83, 378 mph at 10,550 ft, 371 mph at 17,300 ft
 * http://www.wwiiaircraftperformance.org/P-40/P-40N_42-9987_FS-M-19-1535-A.pdf 2600:8807:5606:3E00:590B:134E:8C1:8FCD (talk) 16:23, 12 February 2024 (UTC)
 * So @ZLEA are you going to object or revert if I change the speed number of the P-40E? 2600:8807:5606:3E00:9520:BB77:8CB4:FC4 (talk) 20:28, 19 February 2024 (UTC)
 * It is generally discouraged to mix specifications from different sources, so you would have to establish a consensus first. - ZLEA  T \ C 22:04, 19 February 2024 (UTC)

First flight of XP-40
This article, like many other sources, says that Edward Elliott was the pilot on the XP-40's first flight. In 1938, however, Elliott had not yet left the US Navy, and was stationed at Pearl Harbor. In 1939 he was deployed with his squadron on the USS Langley to China and the Philippines. He didn't leave the Navy until March 15, 1940. These facts have been confirmed by talking to his son, Marc, and his official Navy biography is here: https://www.google.com/books/edition/Enlisted_Naval_Aviation_Pilots/PMSahgM2tWkC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22e.+e.+elliott%22+pilot&pg=PA125&printsec=frontcover 174.86.185.248 (talk) 14:55, 24 January 2023 (UTC)

 * I agree that the contradiction in sources is problematic. Your link says Elliott flew for Curtiss after his Navy discharge, not before. I think we must remove his name from this article. Binksternet (talk) 16:42, 24 January 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Curtiss P-40 Warhawk


text:
Talk:Facial symmetry

Some side by side comparisons of digitally altered faces of the same person, showing the effects of symmetry on perceived attractiveness Richard001 00:55, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

Comment
Isn't this more about facial asymmetry, then? — mark ✎ 18:13, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I suppose it is in a way, but perhaps asymmetry is judged by the lack of symmetry, and thus Facial symmetry is the parent title. It's also about the pursuit of symmetry.  violet/riga (t) 18:25, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Ah well — never mind, it's that simple. I should be doing other things anyway. Thanks for explaining! — mark ✎ 18:30, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Advertisement
I'm not convinced that much of this, especially the "Golden Ratio" sections, will withstand close examination. Certainly, they present a theory in a very POV way. It looks like a poorly disguised ad for the plastic surgery services of Stephen Marquardt...who also just happens to have a page...which happens to have a link to a "Beauty Analysis" website. I haven't checked yet, but I'd place good money on who owns the website.

This topic is potentially interesting, but... Beska Miltar 12:27, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Agreed. Parts of this look like original research. 69.140.176.64 23:19, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

What does the golden ratio have to do with facial symmetry? This is nonsense.

 * I've included an external link to tlc.discovery.com – if they include it then surely that indicates some noteworthyness. The fact is that it is a proposed theory which has been reported on websites and television programmes and it's hardly central to the article.  It's not like it says to people that they must have plastic surgery and fit the mask in order to have facial symmetry and beauty.  violet/riga (t) 09:42, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * That's an argument from authority--there have been many nonsense "proposed theories" on television, even on channels which happen to have "Learning" in their name. 68.161.208.47 21:38, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * If we can have articles on the Time Cube then this can be included. Please don't just go around removing things.  violet/riga (t) 22:04, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * The Time Cube article is fairly NPOV and does not present as fact assertions like "People of either sex who are considered "attractive" in various cultures have been found to have facial symmetry based on the golden ratio of 1:1.618." Massive sweeping generalizations like this should raise red flags.  Considered attractive by whom?  Which cultures?  How exactly do you "base" symmetry on a ratio, anyway?  Claims like this should be more specific and have more support than the word of a single plastic surgeon.  Also, with all due respect, you are no more qualified than I am to judge whether or not something should be removed, so don't tell me what the proper way to contribute is. 68.161.208.47 01:12, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Oh, by the way, to avoid confusion: I was not the one who wrote "What does the golden ratio have to do with facial symmetry? This is nonsense." above. 68.161.208.47 01:20, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * The edits you made were absolutely fine. For the record that is the one part of the article I didn't write, and, while I do believe it deserves inclusion, I think your rewrite presents the information better. violet/riga (t) 09:06, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)

The Fine Line
This article straddles that tantalizingly fine line between fact and the pernicious kind of fiction that poses as pseudoscience. However, if the claims made by the article are strictly confined to the aesthetic, then I personally see little harm. Indeed, articles on popular culture, fashions, and cosmetics, although not important can still be notable. I believe that Wikipedia should not just be an encyclopedia of science and technology.

Having said that, this article does run the risk of Systemic bias of an unexpected sort, one that upholds what Social constructionism terms the beauty myth. Although worth keeping, this article will need a broader cultural perspective (proportion differs between cultures) and a broader historic perspective (those who may be well-proportioned in one era may not in another). Such perspectives provide powerful counterexamples that negate some of the sweeping generalizations now present in this article.

With this in mind, I read the medical sources cited here, and the article does accurately reflect many of their scientific claims. My problem is with the scientific claims themselves. (Dear Admins: Please understand that it does not require any Original research to cite counterexamples that dispute these claims.) I have a problem with the following claims:  (1) The correllation between lengths of the 2nd and 4th fingers to facial symmetry ignores particularly important counterexamples, including the beautiful and talented newscaster/actress Bree Walker. (2) In almost every age, concepts of beauty and proportion will differ. Temporarily ignoring U.S. culture's current penchant for disproportionately large breast implants, the post-Renaissance art movement known as Mannerism celebrated the disproportionately long necks of its female subjects, and who among us who weigh more than 100 kilograms would have liked to have lived in the time of Rubens.

Finally, in studying the bone structure of the skull and making scientific claims places this in a longstanding tradition of phrenology and craniometry. This is not necessarily a bad thing. Although Phrenology had long been regarded as a pseudoscience it did call attention to be brain as the residence of the mind. It also led the way to localizing areas of specialization in the brain. Even though Phenology got the facts wrong by judging ones character by the bumps on one's head, it did direct attention in a useful direction.

With these thoughts in mind, I plan to edit this article. Vonkje 02:51, 26 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * By all means expand the article. I wrote most of it based on the references presented and a few other things I came across.  At no point does it say anything that is concrete fact, just various proposals and theories.  You seem to have some good ideas about how to progress the article so go for it, and good luck! violet/riga (t) 22:20, 26 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Pseudoscience
Is this considered a Pseudoscience? I'm not familiar with the topic. Just wondering. 12.220.47.145 18:28, 26 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Oops! I should have constructed the link in my comments to Pseudoscience. That article should answer your question and more.  The facts stated as science in this article need more verification.  Fortunately aesthetic rather than health claims were made by the plastic surgeon.  Such claims are more easily verified but would still require proper experimental design.  I can describe what that design would look like on this page (but not in the article) if anyone is interested.
 * Vonkje 22:05, 26 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Claims
We really need to be careful about health claims here. I read the article relating the ratio of the lenghts of the 2nd and 4th fingers to other possible bone anomalies (ie: facial asymmetry) and related health effects. The authors were asserting correlation not causality. The use of the word "determinant", however denotes causality. I replaced it with the words "associated with".

The aesthetic claim of univerality as in "universal determinant" was removed until a double blind cross-cultural study that associates attractiveness to facial symmetry is published in a refereed journal, and cited herein. I personally would be interested in the relative importance of facial symmetry to skin condition, condition of connective tissues, age, expression, hair and eye colour, culture and ethnicity, etc. Vonkje 1 July 2005 16:01 (UTC)

Evidence please
This stuff does indeed look like pseudoscience. If facial symmetry is such an important factor in attractiveness how come Angelina Jolie for example looks so attractive despite having a noticeably assymetric face. Same with Katie Holmes. How come attractive people look just as attractive when viewed in profile or at an angle that obscures part of their face. Kuratowski's Ghost 01:39, 8 February 2006 (UTC)
 * It certainly has exceptions to the rules, which are merely the theories of some people. violet/riga (t) 10:01, 10 February 2006 (UTC)

Removed vulgar language

"It has been proposed that"
The phrase "it has been proposed that..." is the hallmark of an unencyclopedic hack of an article. Who proposed that? Cite your sources or stick to your 'blog. This is tripe.

 * I concur .. I have been looking that that "it has been proposed" phrase for almost eight months now and it has been a rock in my shoe. The only reason why I have not changed it yet is that this article seems to be making aesthetic (rather than health) claims.  I rank aesthetic claims up there with the latest news on Madonna (entertainer), who, by the way, is pretty asymmetric her own self. (see last month's National Enquirer) .. Then again, what the hey, I'll go on ahead and change it .. wish me luck. Vonkje 01:39, 30 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Okay, I found who proposed it, read his article in the (British) Jounal of Orthodontics. He never used the word determinant as in determinant of health Rather, he made the sounder (albeit weaker) claim of an indicator of health.  This article might finally be inching its way toward being encyclopedic Vonkje 21:35, 17 August 2006 (UTC)

Marquardt's work was not published
I have copied and pasted the entry summarizing his work here, in the event someone finds that this work was indeed published in a medical or dental journal after 2005. (See the external link by the UIC School of Dentistry which puts this work into context). Vonkje 21:35, 17 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Plastic surgeon Stephen Marquardt has developed a highly symmetric beauty mask marked with various outlines of facial features based on the golden ratio (1:1.618). He has published a study which claims to find that people of either sex who are considered "attractive" in various cultures have facial features which fit the mask.

... and here's the link which, BTW, is dead: Vonkje 21:44, 17 August 2006 (UTC)
 * "Doctor May Have Beauty's Number" – a look at Marquardt's "Golden Ratio" at tlc.discovery.com.

The Suzi Malin thing is Tripe
I have gradually weeded this article of POV and it is starting to resemble something encyclopedic with one exception. The attractiveness section featuring Malin's work, neologisms and all, looks more like opinion than fact. This is especially true since the health claims in this article had been (realistically) scaled back based on my almost competent scholarship.

Once we get a consensus that indeed this section is tripe, and we remove it, we can then appeal to the larger Wikipedia community to have an expert who is either a Dentist, Oral Surgeon, or a Maxillar-facial Surgeon review this for balance, accuracy and nuance. (This article might still be making unsubstantiated claims -- we need expert review here). Vonkje 22:40, 17 August 2006 (UTC)
 * It is worthy of inclusion. The related book has been published and received significant attention, thus making it notable.  True, it can be viewed as rubbish, but it is a theory that someone has made that has become noteworthy.  violet/riga (t) 15:23, 18 August 2006 (UTC)

Aesthetic claims weakened
I found the following footnote on page 364 of a book titled: The Face, by Daniel McNeill, copyright 1998, which I quote verbatim. (Warning To avoid plagarism, incorporating this wording into the article requires paraphrasing, while maintaining accuracy of fact, balance, and nuance).

 * "Beauty is not a single quality. It involves a mix of signals, especially of averageness, sexual maturity, youth, and health."

 * "(But) what about symmetry? It is crucial to mating success in certain animals, especailly flying ones. ... Hence some scientists suggested that symmetry makes people's faces more attractive as well, and one experiment found that it did." – K. Grammer and R. Thornhill "Human (Homo sapiens) Facial Attractivenss and Sexual Selection:  The Role of Symmetry and Averageness,"  Jounal of Comparative Psychology,  vol. 108, pp 233-242, 1994.

 * "Unfortunately, follow-up studies failed to replicate this finding .." – C. A. Samuels, G. butterworth, T Roberts, L. Graupner, and G. Hole, "Facial Aesthetics: Babies Prefer Attractiveness to Symmetry," Perception, vol. 23, pp. 823-831, 1994.

 * "Psychologist Rotem Kowner discovered that people actually deemed mild facial asymmetry more attractive, especially in the young." – R. Kowner "Facial Asymmetry and Attractiveness Judgments in Developmental Perspective," Jounal of Experimental Psychology,  vol. 22, pp. 662-675, 1996.

Initially, I felt better about the aesthethic claims than the health claims in this article. Now that the health claims have been brought into perspective, I find that the aesthetic claims have less merit than I initially thought. This article will need rework. Vonkje 23:07, 17 August 2006 (UTC)

i think it's important to note here that the methodologies used in the Samuels and Kowner studies (i.e. the studies that found no effects of symmetry on attractiveness) have been thoroughly discredited by peer-reviewed scientific papers (see, e.g. Perrett et al. 1999 Evolution and Human Behavior). A recent met-analysis published in the Annual Review of Psychology by Gillian Rhodes concluded that the scientific literature presents very strong evidence that facial symmetry is positively associated with attractiveness. 139.133.7.37 (talk) 21:44, 27 August 2008 (UTC)

Page move
Bodily symmetry is just as or more important than facial symmetry, especially in animal studies. Unless someone plans on doing a symmetry page for each body part, I will move this page to symmetry (physical attractiveness). I just wrote the complementary averageness page, but I didn't list it as “facial averageness” (too narrow), because there have been image morphing studies done on both full-body symmetry and averageness. --Sadi Carnot 03:47, 14 February 2007 (UTC)

 * There doesn't seem to be a lot of flow on this page, so I will move it. If there is big issue we can always move it back or discuss alternatives.  As it stands, we need full sub articles beauty as a function of averageness, symmetry, and youthfulness, at a minimum. --Sadi Carnot 03:56, 14 February 2007 (UTC)

The science of symmetry preferences
I thought that the people editing this page should be made aware that there is considerable evidence (i.e. 20+ scientific papers published in peer-reviewed scientific journals) demonstrating, using a variety of different methods, that increasing symmetry in faces does increase their attractiveness. these studies are not correlational, allowing conclusions about a causal relationship between symmetry and attractiveness to be made. Indeed, a recent meta-analysis confirmed that the literature does show an effect of symmetry on facial attractiveness (Rhodes, 2006 Annual Review of Psychology). It is also worth noting that the methodologies used by those studies that found no effect of symmetry on attractiveness (the Samuels study and also a study by Swaddle & Cuthill) have been extensively criticised in the scientific literature. It is certainly not pseudoscience (as some have suggested). Research on symmetry preferences have been published in some (or even all) of the most respected biology and psychology peer-reviewed scientific journals. Although some of the people editing this article appear to make bold statements suggesting that all of the studies of symmetry preferences are correlational, that there have been no studies comparing symmetry preferences with preferenmces for skin condition, and that there have been no cross-cultural studies of symmetry preferences, this is simply not an accurate representation of the scientific literature on this topic. There are many peer-reviewed studies published in well-respected scientific journals addressing precisely these issues.

While there is little (or no) debate among biologists and psychologists that increasing symmetry increases facial attractiveness, there is considerable debate about why this is the case (perceptual bias vs. evolutionary advantage accounts).

84.92.159.31 17:45, 14 August 2007 (UTC)

 * As far as I'm concerned, this article is complete nonsense, not that far from WP:Fringe. Human face has natural asymmetry that is part of what makes a face appealing. A completely symmetrical face would make it look like a mask made of plastic. That should be basic knowledge to anybody who has attended at least one or two art, portrait classes. As well as there are certain features and proportions of human face that make it more or less attractive. for example the distance between the nose and mouth, the distance between the eyes, the shapes of eyes, mouth, lips etc.

 * At the same time, if you go beyond certain limits of asymmetry and look deformed, it's self explanatory that you wouldn't look that nice. And again, anybody suggesting that lets say it would help Quasimodo be "physically more attractive" in case his head was more symmetrical...? Is that serious? So I don't know what have those "20+ recent meta-analysis" confirmed?

 * The article would be better off using a title "a theory or a hypothesized Symmetry based physical attractiveness" . The best would be to rewrite the article entirely in order to put things into a perspective according to actual aesthetic principles.--Termer (talk) 21:25, 9 December 2008 (UTC)

termer, when you say this "And again, anybody suggesting that lets say it would help Quasimodo be "physically more attractive" in case his head was more symmetrical...? Is that serious? So I don't know what have those "20+ recent meta-analysis" confirmed?" you simply demonstrate that you are unfamilar with research on this topic. scientific papers published in peer-reviewed scientific journals have shown precisely that. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.0.198.59 (talk) 22:42, 2 May 2009 (UTC)

 * For a variety of policy reasons, wikipedia ends up with a primarily scientific not nonsense someone made up without properly testing aesthetic principles POV. Nil Einne (talk) 13:59, 7 February 2009 (UTC)

scientific papers have shown? really? I'll just let some sources do the talking: [http://books.google.com/books?id=zWHIuIKy_qQC&pg=PA198&dq Both symmetry and asymmetry play a role in art and may have aesthetic appeal. The asymmetry which has the most aesthetic appeal is not the conjunction of two parts that are totally unalike and thus unrelated but the conjunction of similar and related parts that are, nevertheless, to some degree or in some way or ways contrasted to one another]--Termer (talk) 06:35, 24 October 2009 (UTC)

General cleanup needed
This article is kind of a mess. It sounds like it used to be more of a mess; thanks to those who've cleaned it up in the past. But it still suffers from significant problems, including (1) being internally contradictory about its core topic, (2) not citing sources for at least one significant claim, (3) not addressing counterarguments, and (4) not defining terms. (I'm splitting my comment into several paragraphs, below, for ease of reading, but signing the comment here.) --Elysdir (talk) 17:26, 11 November 2009 (UTC)

1. Contradiction: "studies manipulating human face images report a preference for asymmetry. [...] When the shape of facial features is varied[...], increasing symmetry of face shape increases ratings of attractiveness"--that seems to say that facial asymmetry is preferred, and then that facial symmetry is preferred. Which is it? Also, the article seems to me to present a jumble of sources: some seem to say asymmetry correlates with attractiveness, some seem to say it doesn't, but the article doesn't seem to me to provide a coherent single statement about the sources disagreeing.

2. Lack of sourcing: "Facial symmetry is neither the only trait nor is it necessarily the most important trait of what a culture considers attractive. A competing aesthetic theory is wabi sabi." This reads like Original Research to me. Citation and/or rephrasing needed.

3. Conterarguments: There's no discussion of the fact that faces seen in profile or partial shadow can be seen as attractive (even though symmetry is impossible to judge in those cases), nor of the fact that bodies without faces visible can be seen as attractive. If the scientific studies address those issues, then this article should say so. If not, then I'm guessing someone must have pointed this out in a published source, and this article should say so.

4. Not defining terms: The opening paragraph says that symmetry is associated with physical attractiveness, beauty, and possibly interpersonal attraction and interpersonal chemistry. Even after following the Wikipedia links on those terms, I have no clear idea of why this article separates them from each other. What's the distinction here between those four terms?

 * Since the article and the whole concepts surrounding it contradict each other, the easiest fix would be simply renaming the article to something that would describe the facial symmetry-asymmetry matters in relation to "physical attractiveness".--Termer (talk) 03:30, 16 November 2009 (UTC)

 * I've reverted the article title to the original name and started up a rewrite but in the long run it would need a completely new and relevant title that would make sense. Any ideas are welcome.--Termer (talk) 06:53, 16 December 2009 (UTC)

Hypothesis about why facial symmetry is physically attractive
There is consensus that facial symmetry correlates positively with physical attractiveness. But why? Here is my guess. Wondering what others think about this.--Tomwsulcer (talk) 21:28, 25 July 2011 (UTC)

 * Added section about this. Research biologists (mostly working with animals) are finding the symmetry and physical attractiveness angle is correct, according to a fellow Wikipedian who is getting a PhD in biology. References exist and it's not new stuff but basically stuff biologists have figured out a while back. Check with User:Mokele for more information. References can be found in the literature about animals, primarily, (sorry I don't have JStor).--Tomwsulcer (talk) 01:14, 31 July 2011 (UTC)
 * If "references exist" then cite them please. Do you not have access to the original research?  The site linked above appears to be your blog, which also does not cite sources for information that is provided in this article.  — Preceding unsigned comment added by Esavel (talk • contribs) 23:40, 16 January 2012 (UTC)

Deleting section
A section under the heading Health and physical attractiveness is being removed. The first sentence references unverifiable work being done with animals. The very next sentence discusses human perception of faces. Here it is:   "Biologists, based on work with animals mostly, are exploring new links between facial symmetry and physical attractiveness. When a face is symmetrical vertically, so that left and right sides mirror each other along a vertical axis, the mirroring makes it easy cognitively and perceptively for a human mind to tell if the two sides match. There is a visual copy of each side in plain view making it easy for a person to judge if left matches right." The bolds are mine. As it is presented, it sounds like the work is involving the human perception of animal faces, which if it is the case, makes the later parts of the paragraph about mate selection utterly, utterly confusing. This article is touching a lot on traits linked to genetic superiority and inferiority so opinions ought to backed up with some sources or otherwise kept to yourself or your blog. Esavel (talk) 00:02, 17 January 2012 (UTC)

"Left-handed" and "right-handed" faces
Nothing here about the usual way in which faces are asymmetric – I've noticed that most people have their faces twisted slightly to the right (that is, the distance from their cheekbone to their jaw is less on their right than their left). This certainly seems to work for most people I see – perhaps 70 to 90 percent have "right-handed" faces. Hardly anyone has a perfectly symmetrical face. Is there any published material on this? (I wonder if facial asymmetry is correlated with whether people are left or right handed?) Incidentally, cattle also seem to have asymmetrical faces, especially in lighter-boned breeds. Richard New Forest (talk) 18:30, 4 November 2012 (UTC)

One sentence is not very clear
I've read this phrase in the article "it is found that extraversion and openness are strongly associated with the symmetry of the face", and it's true (i have checked the scientific article) but it's not very clear, because according with the abstract, facial symmetry has a "positive association between facial symmetry and extraversion, but negative associations between facial symmetry and both agreeableness and openness."

So it would be great that someone changed it.

Gisele Bundchen ???
What does she have to do with symmetrical features? nothing proves her face is symmetrical or she's known for this.

Yes, today it has to do with attractiveness, but the picture just shows the person uploading it thinks she is attractive.

Facial symmetry and personality
The section focuses mainly on the big five personality traits. A paper by Fink, Neave, Manning and Grammar (2006) investigates if faces with high symmetry are perceived as having positive personality attributes. Differences found between high and low symmetry faces were not caused by an attractiveness stereotype. It is included in the section as a citation, but isn't really explained and this piece of research could widen the current section on personality which has a bias towards the Big 5 personality traits. Nicolehyare (talk) 14:38, 2 February 2016 (UTC)

= Major revision and restructuring made = I found the page quite unsystematic and unstructured. I do hope that people like the changes and find the page now more fun to read. I hope that I did not offend anyone who now finds their previous additions omitted or changed (I did my best to really improve thanks and make them more clear). Marci68 (talk) 00:21, 31 December 2019 (UTC)
 * I did some major re-ordering.
 * Also, there were lots of speculative sentences and claims, which I reduced to the objective findings or otherwise deleted.
 * The headings did not make any sense so I added new headings and subheadings.
 * Links to main pages were added.
 * External links: some were suspicious and some were advertisements. I added some interesting links to serious research databases, but the list is still incomplete.
 * Listed references not referred to: At the end of the references and under "Further reading" there were many citations to studies that were not referenced to from the text, and which did not obviously add new aspects worth telling a broad audience. I removed them all.

title: Talk:Facial symmetry


text:
Derelict

Derelict may refer to:

Law

 * Derelict, property that has been abandoned or deserted
 * Derelict (maritime), property which has been abandoned and deserted at sea without any hope of recovery

Music

 * "Dead Man's Chest", a song also known as "Derelict" or "Fifteen Men on the Dead Man's Chest"
 * "Derelict", a song from the 1996 album Odelay by Beck
 * "Derelict", a song from the 2017 album Look at Yourself by Emmure
 * Derelicts, a 2017 album from "Carbon Based Lifeforms"
 * "The Derelict", a song from the 2009 album Æther Shanties by Abney Park
 * "The Derelict", a song from the 1973 album Penguin by Fleetwood Mac
 * "The Derelict (God Forsaken)", a song from the 2009 album We the Fallen by Psyclon Nine
 * The Derelicts, a 1970s British R&B band
 * "Derelict", a song recorded by the American quintet Bounding Main for their 2005 album Maiden Voyage

Other uses in arts, entertainment, and media

 * Derelict (film), a 1930 American adventure film directed by Rowland V. Lee
 * "The Derelict" (LIS episode), a first-season episode of the TV series Lost in Space
 * "The Derelict" (short story), a 1912 short story by William Hope Hodgson
 * The Derelict, a spaceship of extraterrestrial origin in the film Alien (1979)

Other uses

 * Icon Derelict, a one-off hot-rod classic vehicle based on the Chrysler Town & Country (1941–1988)

title: Derelict


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/James von Kaenel

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was - deleted - SimonP 15:36, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)

James von Kaenel
vanity, not notable JoJan 18:14, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete  JoJan 18:14, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, 14 year old elementary school students aren't quite Billy Madison. Non-notable. --Idont Havaname 19:12, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn kiddie vanity. And I'll bet I had lived more places by the age of nine. --Etacar11 00:46, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable. JamesBurns 11:24, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Talk:Electro (music)

Categories emptied without discussion
and 13 siblings are currently empty. It appears that they have been emptied by in this series of edits. I make no judgment on whether those edits are correct. – Fayenatic  L ondon 10:45, 4 November 2021 (UTC)

 * I don't think there has to be as the genre within the respective articles did not reflect what was being said In the categories. what was there to discuss? Andrzejbanas (talk) 11:44, 4 November 2021 (UTC)

Juan Atkins
"The genre emerged with musicians Arthur Baker, Afrika Bambaataa, Warp 9, and Hashim. Seminal electro tracks included "Planet Rock" (1982) and "Nunk" (1982), both featuring its characteristic TR-808 drum beats."

What about Juan Atkins of Cybotron and "Alleys of your mind" and "Cosmic Raindance" from 1981, and "Cosmic Cars" from 1982?

It sounds more electronic than other "electro" and it's obviously more innovative than those making similar sounds after it.

Atkins called it "techno" before it was called "electro". 93.138.38.206 (talk) 07:15, 26 August 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Electro (music)


text:
Pathrusim

Pathrusim together with Casluhim were descendants of Mizraim (i.e., Egypt) according to the genealogies in Genesis, who inhabited Pathros (i.e., Upper Egypt).

In Saadia Gaon's Judeo-Arabic translation of the Pentateuch, the Sa'idi people (i.e. the people of Upper Egypt) are listed in the position of the Casluhim in, while Albiyim is listed in the position of Pathrusim, however the ordering of Casluhim and Pathrusim sometimes vary in translations and the mainstream understanding is that it is the Pathrusim who are the Sahidic people and the Casluhim the people of eastern Libya.

In the Book of Jasher, the Pathrusim and Casluhim intermarried resulting in the Pelishtim, Azathim, Gerarim, Githim and Ekronim.

title: Pathrusim


text:
User:Cinemeth

Hello, I am a new wikipedia user.

title: User:Cinemeth


text:
Limoges CSP

Limoges Cercle Saint-Pierre, commonly referred to as Limoges CSP or CSP, is a French professional basketball club based in the city of Limoges.

History
The club was founded in 1929, but its peak was during the 1980s and 1990s, when they became the first French club to win a major European-wide title in a team sport, by winning the FIBA European League (EuroLeague) in 1993.

In the 1999–2000 season, Limoges won its 9th top-tier level French League title, but it was relegated to the French second division LNB Pro B, after winning it, because of financial problems. The club didn't get back to its old state for a long time, as it spent the next 3 years in the Pro A, but was relegated again in 2004 after finishing dead last. Starting with the 2004–05 season, Limoges played in the NM1, the French third division, due to continued financial problems. It took the club six seasons to eventually return to the Pro A.

In the 2013–14 season, Limoges returned to its old glory, as the team captured its 10th French League national championship, by beating Strasbourg IG 0–3 in the French League Finals. Alex Acker was named Finals MVP.

The club thus qualified for the 2014–15 EuroLeague by winning the French League championship, which would be their first appearance in the top European-wide league in 17 seasons. In the EuroLeague, Limoges lost 8 out of 10 games, managing to win against UNICS and Cedevita, before being relegated to the European-wide second tier level EuroCup. In the EuroCup Round of 32, Limoges was eliminated, after finishing 3rd in Group J. In the French Pro A, Limoges once again had a successful season. In the regular season, Limoges finished in 3rd place behind JSF Nanterre and Strasbourg IG, but in the French League playoffs, they made up for that. In the French League Finals, Limoges beat Strasbourg 1–3, to win back-to-back French League titles. Ousmane Camara was named Finals MVP.

Arena
Limoges plays its home games at the Palais des Sports de Beaublanc, which has a seating capacity of 6,500 people.

Domestic competitions

 * French League
 * Winners (11): 1982–83, 1983–84, 1984–85, 1987–88, 1988–89, 1989–90, 1992–93, 1993–94, 1999–00, 2013–14, 2014–15
 * Runners-up (4): 1986–87, 1990–91, 1991–92, 1997–98

 * French Cup
 * Winners (1): 1999–00
 * Runners-up (2): 2010–11, 2011–12

 * Leaders Cup
 * Winners (2): 1988, 1990
 * Runners-up (2): 1991, 1992

 * French Super Cup
 * Winners (1): 2012

 * Federation Cup (defunct)
 * Winners (3): 1981–82, 1982–83, 1984–85

 * League Cup (defunct)
 * Winners (2): 1993–94, 1994–95

 * French League Pro B
 * Winners (2): 2000–01, 2011–12

European competitions

 * EuroLeague
 * Winners (1): 1992–93
 * 3rd place (1): 1989–90
 * 4th place (1): 1994–95
 * Final Four (3): 1990, 1993, 1995

 * FIBA Saporta Cup (defunct)
 * Winners (1): 1987–88

 * FIBA Korać Cup (defunct)
 * Winners (3): 1981–82, 1982–83, 1999–00
 * Runners-up (1): 1986–87

 * European Basketball Club Super Cup (semi-official, defunct)
 * Runners-up (1): 1985

Worldwide competitions

 * McDonald's Championship
 * 3rd place (1): 1991
 * 4th place (1): 1993

Other competitions

 * FIBA International Christmas Tournament (defunct)
 * 4th place (1): 1990

 * Tournoi de Beaublanc
 * Winners (1): 2014

 * Tournoi de Bourge
 * Winners (1): 2014

 * Tarere, France Invitational Game
 * Winners (1): 2015

 * St. Chamond & St. Étienne, France Invitational Game
 * Winners (1): 2015

Individual club awards

 * Small Triple Crown
 * Winners (3): 1982–83, 1987–88, 1999–00

Supporters and rivalries
The club has a large fan-base, with a dedicated ultras group called Ultras Green.

Their biggest rival is another legendary French club Pau-Orthez, and they have been trading blows with one another for national supremacy on the hardwood, both figuratively and literally, since the early 1980s. In the 22 seasons between 1983 and 2004, the two clubs combined for 18 French League championships, and multiple games between the two teams resulted in fights among the players, including one that ended in a brawl between Élan supporters and Limoges players, at the old Orthez venue, La Moutète.

Season by season
Season by season results of the club in national league, national cup and European-wide competitions.

The road to the European Cup victories
1981–82 FIBA Korać Cup

1982–83 FIBA Korać Cup

1987–88 FIBA European Cup Winners' Cup

1992–93 FIBA European League

1999–00 FIBA Korać Cup

Notable players

 * 🇫🇷 Gregor Beugnot
 * 🇫🇷 Jim Bilba
 * 🇫🇷 Yann Bonato
 * 🇫🇷 Nobel Boungou Colo
 * 🇫🇷 Axel Bouteille
 * 🇫🇷 Ousmane Camara
 * 🇫🇷 Richard Dacoury
 * 🇫🇷 Yakhouba Diawara
 * 🇫🇷 Sekou Doumbouya
 * 🇫🇷 Stéphane Dumas
 * 🇫🇷 Vasco Evtimov
 * 🇫🇷 Apollo Faye
 * 🇫🇷 Mickaël Gelabale
 * 🇫🇷 Joseph Gomis
 * 🇫🇷 William Howard
 * 🇫🇷 Damien Inglis
 * 🇫🇷 Mouhammadou Jaiteh
 * 🇫🇷 Adrien Moerman
 * 🇫🇷 Jacques Monclar
 * 🇫🇷 Hugues Occansey
 * 🇫🇷 Stéphane Ostrowski
 * 🇫🇷 Johan Petro
 * 🇫🇷 Jonathan Rousselle
 * 🇫🇷 Thierry Rupert
 * 🇫🇷 Jean-Michel Sénégal
 * 🇫🇷 Steed Tchicamboud
 * 🇫🇷 Ali Traoré
 * 🇫🇷 Georges Vestris
 * 🇫🇷 Frédéric Weis
 * 🇫🇷 Léo Westermann
 * 🇧🇦 Edin Bavčić
 * 🇧🇦 Zack Wright
 * 🇧🇷 João Paulo Batista
 * Dwight Hardy
 * 🏴 John Amaechi
 * 🏴 Spencer Dunkley
 * 🇫🇮 Ville Kaunisto
 * Taurean Green
 * 🇩🇪 Yassin Idbihi
 * 🇩🇪 Heiko Schaffartzik
 * Angelos Tsamis
 * 🇨🇦 Jermaine Bucknor
 * 🇨🇮 Pape-Philippe Amagou
 * 🇨🇮 Fréjus Zerbo
 * 🇯🇲 Samardo Samuels
 * Siim-Sander Vene
 * 🇲🇰 Bo McCalebb
 * 🇲🇪 J. R. Reynolds
 * 🇵🇱 Mathieu Wojciechowski
 * Klemen Prepelič
 * Jure Zdovc
 * 🇸🇰 Radoslav Rančík
 * Mileta Lisica
 * Dragan Lukovski
 * Branko Milisavljević
 * 🇪🇸 Óscar Yebra
 * 🇺🇦 Eugene Jeter
 * 🇺🇦 Jerome Randle
 * 🇺🇸 Alex Acker
 * 🇺🇸 Tommy Adams
 * 🇺🇸 Cedrick Banks
 * 🇺🇸 Travarus Bennett
 * 🇺🇸 Steffon Bradford
 * 🇺🇸 Kevin Braswell
 * 🇺🇸 Michael Brooks
 * 🇺🇸 Anthony Brown
 * 🇺🇸 Marcus Brown
 * 🇺🇸 Don Collins
 * 🇺🇸 Brian Conklin
 * 🇺🇸 Randy Culpepper
 * 🇺🇸 Ramel Curry
 * 🇺🇸 Will Daniels
 * 🇺🇸 Leon Douglas
 * 🇺🇸 Grant Gondrezick
 * 🇺🇸 R.T. Guinn
 * 🇺🇸 Kenny Hayes
 * 🇺🇸 Dru Joyce
 * 🇺🇸 Clarence Kea
 * 🇺🇸 Billy Knight
 * 🇺🇸 J. R. Koch
 * 🇺🇸 Kyle McAlarney
 * 🇺🇸 Kevin McGee
 * 🇺🇸 George Montgomery
 * 🇺🇸 Glenn Mosley
 * 🇺🇸 Ed Murphy
 * 🇺🇸 Zamal Nixon
 * 🇺🇸 Mark Payne
 * 🇺🇸 London Perrantes
 * 🇺🇸 Dawan Robinson
 * 🇺🇸 Clinton Smith
 * 🇺🇸 Jamar Smith
 * 🇺🇸 Jordan Taylor
 * 🇺🇸 Ronnie Taylor
 * 🇺🇸 Carl Thomas
 * 🇺🇸 Kelly Tripucka
 * 🇺🇸 Joah Tucker
 * 🇺🇸 Ty Walker
 * 🇺🇸 Brad Wanamaker
 * 🇺🇸 Harper Williams
 * 🇺🇸 DaShaun Wood
 * 🇺🇸 Michael Young

Head coaches
• 🇫🇷 André Buffière: (1980–83)

• 🇫🇷 Pierre Dao: (1983–86)

• 🇫🇷 Michel Gomez: (1986–90)

• Božidar Maljković: (1992–95)

• 🇮🇱 Zvi Sherf: (1995–96)

•  Bogdan Tanjević: (1996–97)

•  Duško Ivanović: (1999–00)

•  Panagiotis Giannakis: (2012–13)

• 🇫🇷 Jean-Marc Dupraz: (2013–2015)

• 🇫🇷 Philippe Hervé: (2015–2016)

• 🇷🇸 Duško Vujošević: (2016–2017)

• 🇫🇷 Kyle Milling: (2017–2018)

• 🇫🇷 François Peronnet: (2018–2019)

•  Alfred Julbe: (2019)

• 🇫🇷 Mehdy Mary: (2019–2021)

• 🇮🇹 Massimo Cancellieri: (2021–2023)

•  Ilias Kantzouris: (2023–2024)

• 🇫🇷 Jean-Marc Dupraz: (2024–present)

title: Limoges CSP


text: User talk:207.142.131.243

title: User talk:207.142.131.243


text:
User:Kunrau

A Brief Outline Concerning the Purpose of Article
What is the objective of this page? Does it have a meaning other than wasting your time? No. You suck. Your mother doesn't love you. Visit an interesting webpage by clicking here.

A Poem
Water

Water

Water

Water

Water

Water

Ain't Got No T-Bone

The End

[[Media:http://movies.channel.aol.com/feature/starwars/trailer.adp?type=lrg]]

$$2x2=5$$

--Kunrau 18:18, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: User:Kunrau