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Air Atlantique

Air Atlantique was an airline based at Coventry Airport operating a number of classic aircraft, both for passenger operation and for cargo transportation. They operated a large fleet of Douglas DC-3 aircraft alongside several Douglas DC-6 and Lockheed Electra aircraft.

Originally an air taxi operator, the group diversified into chartered and scheduled passenger and freight operations, as well as oil-spill response, aerial survey, and pleasure flights through various subsidiaries. The group was broken up as founder Mike Collett approached retirement with the freight arm becoming Atlantic Airlines and the aerial survey work continuing as RVL Aviation.

Many of the remaining classic aircraft were donated to Classic Flight (Classic Air Force) for display at air shows.

History
The Air Atlantique Group was founded in 1969 under the name of General Aviation Services, based in Jersey, Channel Islands. Initially operating as an aircraft sales and distribution business, the company received an Air Operator's Certificate in 1971 and began air taxi operations with Cessna 310 and Cessna 336 aircraft.

The Air Atlantique name was adopted in June 1977 when freight charter flights were launched with Douglas DC-3 aircraft. It was thought the name would both appeal to the French-speaking population of Jersey and appear near the top alphabetically in the Yellow Pages. Freight charter operations commenced on 19 July 1977 with the first flight transporting lobsters from Jersey to Morlaix.

From October 1977, the company stationed a Dakota at Coventry airport to operate a contract transporting car components to Cologne for Ford. The second aircraft was based at Aberdeen operating oil charters. In May 1979, two Douglas DC-6B aircraft were purchased from Greenlandair; however they proved uneconomical to operate due to the oil crisis and were disposed of soon after. The company ventured in to DC-6 operations again in 1987 when two other DC-6s joined the fleet Between 1981 and 1982 the company purchased additional DC-3s and was awarded a lucrative postal contract on behalf of Royal Mail. A three year aerial survey contract was also awarded to Air Atlantique by the Ordnance Survey which led to the establishment of the Atlantic Surveys subsidiary. An engineering base was set up in the former British United Airways hangar at Blackpool airport which became the main UK operating base. Three Dakotas stationed at Blackpool operated newspaper flights to Belfast and the Isle of Man, with other aircraft operating nightly mail flights on the Glasgow-East Midlands-Luton and Newcastle-Liverpool runs.

In 1984, the company relocated all cargo operations to Stansted Airport under the subsidiary Atlantic Air Transport. At the same time, an association was formed with Instone Air Line. Instone imported two Bristol Freighters from New Zealand in 1981 to operate freight services; having sold one in 1984 it transferred the second to the Air Atlantique AOC. Air Atlantique operated the aircraft on behalf of Instone until 1987 when it was sold. In 1985, delays caused by weather and engine problems forced Air Atlantique to sell the Royal Mail contract along with three Dakotas to Air Luton. The Group moved its base for a final time to Coventry in December 1985.

A new livery was introduced in November 1986, featuring a grey and white fuselage with a green stripe. The tail logo of an osprey was not added until 1987 following a competition open to both staff and customers.

Air Atlantique was awarded a five year maritime pollution control contract by the UK Department of Transport in 1987. The original terms of the contract required seven spray-equipped DC-3s to be kept on standby although this was later revised down to two. Nevertheless, this contract required a significant expansion of the fleet. The first call-out for Air Atlantique was the Piper Alpha disaster on 6 July 1988.

Between then and the late 1990s, it expanded its operations to create pilot training facilities, aircraft engineering shops, survey and aerial reconnaissance work and other aviation-related activities. In 1987 it formed Atlantic Flight Training with the acquisition of two Cessna 310 aircraft and the later addition of seven Cessna 152 aircraft for flight training.

The Atlantic Reconnaissance subsidiary was formed in 1988 to look after the pollution control work alongside other airborne remote sensing, survey, and patrol contracts. In 1994 it was awarded a contract with US-based Marine Oil Spill Response Corporation to operate a Shorts 360 aircraft in a surveillance role. The company was subject to a management buyout in 2007 and moved to a new East Midlands Airport base as RVL Aviation in 2010.

In 1989, the group acquired some of the assets of the bankrupt Malta International Aviation Company (MIACO). The purchase included the CAA-approved engine overhaul capability which was relocated to Coventry and renamed CFS Aeroproducts. The purchase gave Air Atlantique access to a catalogue of spare parts and servicing equipment for DC-3s as well as Pratt & Whitney R-1830 and R-2800 engines CFS was spun off as an independent company in 2007.

Other subsidiaries included Atlantic Aeroengineering which provided maintenance and special mission modification services to the group from the Coventry base. A short lived Irish operation, Aer Atlantic, offered ad-hoc cargo and passenger services using the Shorts 360 aircraft which had returned from operations with Atlantic Reconnaissance in the USA. Scheduled passenger services between Southampton and the Channel Islands began in 1988 using a leased Hawker Siddeley HS 748 aircraft. Flights operated five times a day with fares of £29 each way; although initially the service was not a success, incurring losses of £750,000 in the first year of operation in the face of stiff competition. The HS 748 was returned to the lessor in March 1989 and the Southhampton route dropped. From 1990, scheduled services were operated under the brand Air Corbiere. A Fairchild Metro III was purchased in 1992 to operate alongside the Cessna 406s. The Metro was the only example of the type on the UK aircraft register. Scheduled services, which ended in 1994, included daily flights linking Coventry-Gloucester, Jersey/Guernsey to Rennes, and Liverpool to the Channel Islands.

In 1991, on account of two pollution control DC-3s being based at Inverness Airport, the group founded Air Alba as a flight training school based at the airport. It was renamed Highland Airways in February 1997. The airline expanded into freight and passenger operations as well as contract work for the oil industry and the Scottish Fisheries Protection Agency. Highland Airways was subject to a management buyout in 2007.

In late 1993, the group was restructured with the passenger operations of Air Atlantique/Air Corbiere combined under the name Atlantic Airways. The cargo operations of Atlantic Air Transport became Atlantic Cargo. However all Dakota operations, including pleasure flights and pollution control work, continued to use the Air Atlantique name.

The group purchased a 150 year lease of Coventry Airport from the local authority in June 1998. It was later sold to the TUI group in 2007 as Atlantique began to divest its assets.

The group was restructured again in 1998 with all passenger and cargo operations reorganised into a new unit called Atlantic Airlines. A new livery was introduced featuring a dark black fuselage with green stripes. As with the previous rebranding, all non-airline operations including DC-3 work retained the Air Atlantique name.

In August 2002, the group created the Atlantic Express brand to cater for executive passenger and ad-hoc freight charter work. Operations began with the group's Metro III and Cessna 406 aircraft along with a leased Embraer 120 Brasilia. Operations expanded with the introduction of ATR 42 and ATR 72 aircraft between 2003 and 2005. From May 2006 to January 2007, Atlantic Express operated a scheduled route between Jersey and Stansted.

The main trading activities of Atlantic Airlines were subject to a management buy-out in July 2004 which saw all Lockheed L-188 Electra cargo operations transfer to an independent company, Atlantic Airlines.

Following the divestment of most subsidiaries, Air Atlantique later operated a number of historic aircraft as the Classic Air Force. Pleasure flights of the DC-3 on the Atlantique air operator's certificate ceased in the summer of 2008 owing to new safety regulations which required extensive modification of the airframes which proved uneconomical.

Fleet
The first DC-3, G-ANAF, was purchased from West Country Aviation in 1977 for £72,000. G-ANAF required extensive restoration so a second DC-3, G-AMCA was leased from Fairey Aviation and became the first DC-3 to enter service. G-AMCA was then also purchased outright for £45,000 later that year. Two Douglas DC-6B aircraft, G-SIXA and G-SIXB, were purchased in May 1979. Proving uneconomical to operate, the former was placed in to storage at Manston Airport and later scrapped, whilst the later was sold to Air Swaziland in December 1979.

Between 1981 and 1982, eight further DC-3s were purchased although two were sold on within a month, bringing the total Dakota fleet to eight aircraft by 1982. Three DC-3s, G-ANAF, G-AMPO, and G-AMHJ were sold along with the Royal Mail contract to Air Luton in 1985.

A Bristol Type 170 Freighter, G-BISU, joined the Atlantique fleet in 1984 and was operated on behalf of Instone Air Line until 1987 when it was retired to the Imperial war Museum and then later sold to Canadian operator Trans Provincial. It was one of the last commercially operating B170s in the world.

Air Atlantique became a DC-6 operator again in 1987 with the addition of two aircraft. The first aircraft, G-SIXC, was purchased from an operator in the USA for $650,000 and entered service in April 1987. The second, G-APSA, had been in storage in Yemen and required extensive restoration by HeavyLift Engineering at Southend Airport. The aircraft was owned by Instone but operated on its behalf by Air Atlantique under the same arrangements as the Bristol Freighter and entered service in 1988. In 1987, G-AMCA was removed from freight work and flown to Greybull, Wyoming for conversion to spray configuration by Hawkins & Powers. Air Atlantique then converted a second DC-3, G-AMHJ, which was re-acquired having been sold off with the postal contract two years earlier. The pollution control contract required the use of a Cessna 402 fitted with an Ericsson side looking airborne radar to detect oil spills which resulted in G-MPCU joining the fleet in early 1988. Five BN-2 Islanders (G-AXZK, G-BCEN, G-BELF, G-BNXA, G-BNXB) joined the fleet from September 1987 and were converted to spray configuration at Coventry.

Atlantic Flight Training began operations with two Cessna 310 aircraft, G-BODY and G-SOUL, which were used as twin engine and instrument training aircraft. In 1988 the company fleet swelled in size with the arrival of 7 Cessna 152′s in shipping containers, these being registered as G-HART (Tail Wheel conversion), G-BPBG, G-BPBH, G-BPBI, G-BPBJ, G-BPBK and G-BPBL with BH/I/J/K & L all being sold in 1990.

Concern about the future viability of piston DC-6 operations meant Atlantique leased two Lockheed L-188 Electra aircraft in late 1993. Since the first aircraft required maintenance, short term lift was leased in from Renown Aviation using N360Q.The first aircraft, G-LOFA, eventually entered service in early 1994 followed by a second, G-LOFB, that summer. A third Electra joined the fleet in the summer of 1995 followed by two more in 1997. Following the closure of Hunting Cargo Airlines in 1998, three more Electras were purchased. The first aircraft, G-LOFA, was retired in 1998 bringing the operational fleet to seven. A number of additional airframes were purchased for spare parts including two former Fred Olsen Airtransport aircraft. At a cost of $500,000 per aircraft, Air Atlantique modified each Electra for two-crew operation and installed new mode-S transponders, TCAS, electrical generators, and 8.33kHz capable radios in order to meet new regulatory requirements. The seven active Electras left the Atlantique fleet to operate for the newly independent Atlantic Airlines in 2004. Canadian airline Buffalo Airways later purchased a number of Electras and spare parts from Atlantic.

The first ATR 42-300, G-IONA, joined the Atlantique fleet in December 2002. It operated for various subsidiaries within the group including Highland Airways and Atlantic Express and was used by the Liberal Democrats during the 2005 UK General Election. Two further ATR 42-300s, G-RHUM and G-DRFC, were delivered in 2004 and 2005. A larger ATR 72-200, G-HERM, joined the fleet in October 2005.

title: Air Atlantique


license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: File:2000AD792.jpg


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Talk:Essabil

This party refers to itself as "Essabil" in French (the language of its site) as in Arabic; the name should thus be left untranslated in English as well. - Mustafaa 19:12, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20031004145858/http://essabil.chez.tiscali.fr/ to http://essabil.chez.tiscali.fr/

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title: Talk:Essabil


text:
User talk:Autismdiva

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Welcome to the Wikipedia community, Autismdiva! And thank you so much for weighing in on the Talk:David Kirby page...

Here are some of the perfunctory useful tips (mostly borrowed from ClockworkSoul), to speed your indoctrination into the Wikipedia experience:

 * Take a look at the Wikipedia Tutorial.
 * When you have free time, try to grasp some of the nuances at Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.  But keep in mind the unique style you brought to the Wiki!
 * Don't worry about keeping up with the Jones' learning curve on NPOV, but be respectful of others' POV and use a neutral point of view; your unique perspective on the meaning of neutrality is invaluable!
 * If you need any help, don't hesitate to post a question at the Help Desk.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, please, do have fun!

And some odds and ends:

 * Policy Library
 * Utilities
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
 * Wikiquette
 * Civility
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 * Brilliant prose
 * Pages needing attention
 * Peer review
 * Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense
 * Village pump
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You can sign your name on any page by typing 4 tildes: ~~~~.

With regards to your comments at the Talk:David Kirby page, specifically your observation it appears "...Mr. Kirby has chosen not to talk about his activities as a gay rights promoter," seems correct, as such associations at the Evidence of Harm website were not plainly evident. Sorry about the oversight, which resulted from focusing primarily on the vaccine controversy; it was unintentional. And thank you for adding your perspective!

Best of luck, Autismdiva, and have fun! Ombudsman 19:11, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Autismdiva


text:
Louil Silas Jr.

Louil Silas Jr. (April 17, 1956 – January 7, 2001) was an American record executive, musician, and record producer, who was most known for founding and running an MCA Records imprint, Silas Records. After a prolific career as a remixer, Silas became a respected record label executive responsible for bringing Chanté Moore, Jesse Powell, Keke Wyatt, London Jones, and Tricky Stewart to prominence as well as working with Aaron Hall.

Early career
After attending California State University Silas, who had a musical gift, initially tried his hand as a singer, but found much more success as a DJ, remixing other records in the late 1970s. By the 1980s, he was in demand as a remixer, adding club heavy or hip-hop electronic percussion sounds to a previously recorded song. At one point, his remixes were so in demand, other labels would contract him under the alias "ELLIS JAY". After working for MCA Records in promotion, he rose through the ranks, and is credited with much of the success of the black artists on that label. By the later 1980s, Silas had produced records with Babyface, Bobby Brown, Sheena Easton, Pebbles, Patti LaBelle, and worked for another MCA imprint, SOLAR Records, as a music executive, and after helping with their success, and executive producing Bell Biv Devoe's debut album, got the green light to found his own imprint, which he named Silas Records.

Silas Records
After starting his label, he had to find a roster of talent, being careful to select talent he could nurture into artists. Using Berry Gordy as a blueprint, he first signed Aaron Hall, then of Guy fame to a solo deal. While initially a model and beauty pageant contestant, Silas discovered Chanté Moore, and signed her. While music was moving in the direction of New Jack Swing, Silas kept Moore, a gospel and jazz trained singer, under then more “traditional R&B”. So determined was he to expose her under the right light, for the music video treatment for her debut single, "Love's Taken Over", Silas spent the money to have the shoot in Paris by movie director Antoine Fuqua. The video, showcasing a series of “modeling shoots” of Moore, including one of her in a designer gown along the Avenue des Champs-Élysées, helped establish Moore as a seductive, emotive vocalist, with exotic looks, a sultry voice and a range to recall Minnie Riperton.

After Moore, Silas signed Jesse Powell, Keke Wyatt, and London Jones. After being introduced by his older brother Laney, Silas had Tricky Stewart write and produce for his artists.

In 1999, after Polygram and MCA Records merged, Silas Records was “absorbed” by MCA. Artists signed to the label released either directly under MCA, or in the case of Keke Wyatt, Magic Johnson Music, another imprint of MCA.

Later career
He then accepted a position as Senior Vice President of LaFace Records West Coast division, or LaFace West. It is a position he would keep for the remainder of his life. Among his final actions was to help Tricky establish Blu Cantrell.

Death
Silas died of kidney failure on January 7, 2001 at his home in Los Angeles, after being in ill health for a time.

Legacy
Chantè Moore was Silas's biggest success, the most famous expatriate of his label, and has the distinction of being both the first and last releases on the label. Although he is not as famous as Sean Combs, Brian “Birdman” Williams, or Babyface, Silas began the trend while a successful record producer would get an imprint (distinct from an independent label getting a distribution deal, or a subsidiary) and have a roster of talent of his own.

Roster

 * Chanté Moore
 * Gyrl
 * Jesse Powell
 * London Jones
 * Keith Washington
 * Keke Wyatt

title: Louil Silas Jr.


text: User talk:64.76.204.82

title: User talk:64.76.204.82


text:
Altiero Spinelli

Altiero Spinelli (31 August 1907 – 23 May 1986) was an Italian communist politician, political theorist and European federalist, referred to as one of the founding fathers of the European Union. A communist and militant anti-fascist in his youth, Spinelli spent 10 years imprisoned by the Italian fascist regime. Having grown disillusioned with Stalinism, he broke with the Communist Party of Italy in 1937. Interned in Ventotene during World War II, he, along with fellow democratic socialists, drafted the manifesto For a Free and United Europe (most commonly known as the Ventotene Manifesto) in 1941, considered a precursor of the European integration process.

Spinelli had a leading role in the foundation of the European Federalist Movement, and had strong influence on the first few decades of post-World War II European integration. Later, he helped to re-launch the integration process in the 1980s. By the time of his death, he had been a member of the European Commission for six years, and a member of the European Parliament for ten years right up until his death. The main building of the European Parliament in Brussels is named after him. The 1987–1988 academic year at the College of Europe and the 2009–2010 academic year of the European College of Parma were named in his honour.

Early life
Spinelli was born in Rome, the son of a socialist father. He joined the Communist Party of Italy (PCd'I) at age 17 in 1924. Following his entry into radical journalism, he was arrested in 1927 and spent ten years in prison and a further six in confinement. In June 1939 he was interned on the island of Ventotene (in Lazio) along with some eight hundred other political opponents of the regime. Here he became involved in the PCI underground. In 1937, he was expelled from the PCd'I for opposing Stalinism, undermining the Bolshevik ideology and supporting Trotskyism.

Ventotene Manifesto
In June 1941, well before the outcome of the war was safely predictable, Spinelli and fellow prisoner Ernesto Rossi completed the Ventotene Manifesto, eventually entitled Per un'Europa libera e unita ("For a Free and United Europe. A Draft Manifesto"), which argued that, if the fight against the fascist powers were successful, it would be in vain if it merely led to the re-establishment of the old European system of sovereign nation-states in shifting alliances. This would inevitably lead to war again. The document called for the establishment of a European federation by the democratic powers after the war. Because of a need for secrecy and a lack of proper materials at the time, the Manifesto was written on cigarette papers, concealed in the false bottom of a tin box and smuggled to the mainland by Ursula Hirschmann. It was then circulated through the Italian Resistance, and was later adopted as the programme of the European Federalist Movement (MFE), which Spinelli, Colorni and some 20 others established, as soon as they were able to leave their internment camp. The founding meeting was held in clandestinity in Milan on the 27/28 August 1943.

The Manifesto was widely circulated in other resistance movements towards the end of the war. Resistance leaders from several countries met clandestinely in Geneva in 1944, a meeting attended by Spinelli. The Manifesto put forward proposals for creating a European federation of states, the primary aim of which was to tie European countries so closely together that they would no longer be able to go to war with one another. As in many European left-wing political circles, this sort of move towards federalist ideas was argued as a reaction to the destructive excesses of nationalism. The ideological underpinnings for a united Europe can thus be traced to hostility to nationalism. In the founding meeting of the MFE, he said: "If a post war order is established in which each State retains its complete national sovereignty, the basis for a Third World War would still exist even after the Nazi attempt to establish the domination of the German race in Europe has been frustrated."

The Manifesto criticised the "capitalist imperialism which our own generation has seen expand to the point of forming totalitarian states and to the unleashing of world wars". It also declared that "the European revolution must be socialist, that is it must have as its goal the emancipation of the working classes and the realization for them of more humane living conditions". However it opposed "doctrinaire" formulations of transitions to socialism and said "private property must be abolished, limited, corrected, extended: instance by instance, however, not dogmatically according to principle".

Federalist advocate
After the war, Spinelli, leading the federalist MFE, played a vanguard role in the early episodes of European integration, criticising the small steps approach and the dominance of intergovernmentalism, feeling even that the chance to unite Europe had been missed as sovereign states were re-established without any common bond other than the functionalist OEEC and the largely symbolic Council of Europe. Even the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) was felt to be too sectoral. The MFE believed governments alone would never relinquish their national power without popular pressure. They advocated a European constituent assembly to draft a European Constitution.

A critic of the USSR, Spinelli argued that "only when it is faced by a united federal Europe will the USSR be brought to a halt".

This approach eventually had a response from governments when they set up the "ad hoc assembly" of 1952–3. It was Spinelli who persuaded Italian Prime Minister Alcide De Gasperi to insist in the negotiation of the European Defence Community (EDC) treaty on a provision for a parliamentary assembly to draw up plans for placing the EDC, the ECSC and any other development within a global constitutional framework to "replace the present provisional organization" with "a subsequent federal or confederal structure based on the principle of the separation of powers and having, in particular, a two-chamber system of representation". The Assembly was invited to submit its proposals within six months of its constitutive meeting following the entry into force of the EDC treaty. In fact, the Foreign Ministers, meeting three months after the signature of the EDC treaty, invited the ECSC Assembly immediately to draft a "treaty constituting a European Political Authority" without waiting for ratification of the EDC Treaty.

Spinelli played a significant role in advising the drafting of the Assembly's proposal for a European "Statute". However, the failure of France to ratify the EDC treaty meant it was all to no immediate avail. Some of its ideas, however, were taken up in subsequent events.

European politician
Following the crisis of the failure of the EDC and the "re-launch" under the Paul-Henri Spaak committee, which led to the 1958 EEC Treaty, Spinelli, recognising that the EEC institutions were the only real existing form of European integration, but still considering that they were insufficient and that they lacked a democratic legitimacy, embarked on a "long march through the institutions". In 1970, he was nominated by the Italian government to be a member of the European Commission from 1970 to 1976, taking responsibility for industrial policy to develop European policies in a new field.

Spinelli decided to run in the first direct elections to the European Parliament in 1979. He did so as an independent candidate on the list of the Italian Communist Party (PCI), which by then had become a Eurocommunist party and was keen to have prominent independent figures to stand on its list of candidates. Spinelli agreed to stand on the PCI list upon the premise that the PCI was "committed to democracy; that the idea of an ‘historical compromise’ was seriously meant and would be respected; that European unification was to be supported and the country’s present position in the East-West equilibrium maintained".

While an MEP he was a member of the Communist and Allies Group. Spinelli advocated what he described as a "democratic and social transformation of the European Community". He praised the French communists for providing a "positive contribution to this battle" and said that under his influence the PCI had "adopted the line which I had sought and supported for many years, especially the need to transcend economic unification and move towards a European political union". To this end, he began to gather like-minded Members of the European Parliament around him, taking care to involve Members from different political groups. An initial meeting at the "Crocodile" restaurant in Strasbourg set up the "Crocodile Club", which, once it was of sufficient size, tabled a motion for Parliament to set up a special committee (eventually established in January 1982 as the Committee on Institutional Affairs, with Spinelli as General Rapporteur) to draft a proposal for a new treaty on union. The idea was that the European Parliament should act as a constituent assembly, although Spinelli was prepared to make compromises on the way to secure broad majorities behind the process. On 14 February 1984, the European Parliament adopted his report and approved the Draft Treaty Establishing the European Union. The decision was taken with 237 votes for and 31 against (43 abstentions).

Spinelli's project was soon buried by the governments of the member states. However, it provided an impetus for the negotiations which led to the Single European Act of 1986 and the Maastricht Treaty of 1992. This happened with the help of several national parliaments, which adopted resolutions approving the draft Treaty, and of French President François Mitterrand who, following a meeting with Spinelli, came to the European Parliament to speak in favour of its approach, thereby reversing France's policy (since Charles De Gaulle) of hostility to anything but an intergovernmental approach to Europe. This momentum was enough to obtain the support of a majority of national governments to trigger the treaty revision procedure.

Personal life
He married Ursula Hirschmann, a German anti-fascist activist and fellow advocate of European federalism, in 1945 and they had three daughters: Diana, Barbara, and Sara. Ursula already had another three daughters (Silvia, Renata, and Eva) from her first husband Eugenio Colorni, who was killed by the Nazis in Rome in 1944. Eva Colorni was married to Indian economist Amartya Sen in the last seven years of her life.

Reception
Although the resultant treaties fell short of what Spinelli would have liked, his efforts triggered a new momentum in European integration, including a major increase in the powers of the European Parliament within the EU system. In honour of his work, the largest building of the Espace Léopold, the European Parliament complex in Brussels, was named after him.

On 15 September 2010, under the name Spinelli Group, an initiative was founded to reinvigorate the strive for federalisation of the European Union (EU). Prominent supporters of the group are: Jacques Delors, Joschka Fischer, Daniel Cohn-Bendit, Andrew Duff, Elmar Brok.

Honours

 * Honorary degree, University of Hull, 1984
 * Honorary degree in memoriam, University of Pavia, 1988.
 * Honorary degree, Loughborough University, 1973

title: Altiero Spinelli


text:
Carmel Valley, California

Carmel Valley is an unincorporated community in Monterey County, California, United States. The term "Carmel Valley" generally refers to the Carmel River watershed east of California State Route 1, and not specifically to the smaller Carmel Valley Village. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined Carmel Valley as a census county division (CCD), with an area covering approximately 189 sqmi. At the time of the 2020 census the CCD population was 6,189. In November 2009, a majority of residents voted against incorporation.

History
The earliest archaeological findings show that Carmel Valley had two separate tribes, the Esselens that lived in Upper Carmel Valley and the Rumsens lived from Mid-Carmel Valley to the mouth of Carmel Valley.

The mouth of Carmel Valley where the Carmel River runs into Carmel Bay was observed by Spanish explorer Sebastián Vizcaíno shortly before he landed in Monterey Bay in December 1602. He wrote about visiting the river on January 3, 1603, but greatly exaggerated its proportions, confusing later explorers. Vizcaino named it El Rio del Carmelo, likely because his voyage was accompanied by three Carmelite friars.

The Rancho Los Laureles, a 6625 acre Mexican land grant in present-day Monterey County, California, was given in 1839 by Governor Juan Alvarado to José Manuel Boronda and Vicente Blas Martínez. The grant extended along the Carmel River in Carmel Valley; and encompassed present day Carmel Valley. In 1882, the Pacific Improvement Company (PIC) purchased the Rancho Los Laureles. In 1916, Samuel F.B. Morse became the manager of the PIC and his job was to liquidate the PIC holdings (10,000 acres).

James Meadows (1817-1902) was an English-born immigrant that came to Monterey in 1838. In 1842, Meadows and Loreta purchased the 4592 acre Palo Escrito Mexican land grant from Monterey businessman Thomas O. Larkin who had acquired several land grants in California. He donated land and helped found the Carmelo School, which was the earliest school in Carmel Valley. The James Meadows Tract was between the Rancho Cañada de la Segunda to the west, Rancho Los Laureles to the northeast, and Garland Ranch Regional Park to the south. His daughter, Isabel Meadows, was an Ohlone ethnologist and the last fluent speaker of the Rumsen Ohlone language.

William Hatton (1849–1894), born in Ireland and married to Kate Harney (1851-1922), came to California in 1870. In 1888, Hatton became the manager of Rancho Cañada de la Segunda, which extended along the north bank of the Carmel River into the mouth of Carmel Valley. The land was owned by Dominga Doni de Atherton, the widowed wife of Faxon Atherton (namesake of Atherton, California). By 1892, Hatton purchased the Rancho from Dominga. Hatton operated a dairy business, which was located at Highway 1 and Carmel Valley Road, at the site of the present-day The Barnyard Shopping Village.

The Berwick Manor and Orchard was located on Boronda Road off Carmel Valley Road in Carmel Valley. The farmstead was acquired in 1869 by Edward Berwick, a writer and educator as well as a scientific farmer. The manor and orchard was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on November 17, 1977. The Berwick Manor and Orchard was sold in 1961 and later subdivided into what is known today as the Berwick Manor Subdivision.

In 1919, Morse formed the Del Monte Properties and acquired PIC. In 1923, the Del Monte Properties divided the land into 11 parcels. Marion Hollins bought 2,000 acres. In 1926, developer Frank B. Porter bought 600 acres. He later acquired a portion of the Hollins ranch and sold it to Byington Ford. Byington and his wife Marion used 400 acres as a summer ranch and named it Moon Trail Ranch. It was located at Via Las Encinas in Carmel Valley.

The Holman Ranch, originally part of the Rancho Los Laureles, passed through many hands until 1928, when San Francisco businessman, Gordon Armsby, purchased 400 acre in Carmel Valley. He built a Spanish-style hacienda out of Carmel stone with terracotta roofing, and oak-beamed ceilings. It became a Hollywood retreat for Charlie Chaplin, Theda Bara, Marlon Brando, and Clark Gable. Today, the Holman Ranch is a privately owned winery, with a tasting room and offers a venue for weddings and special events.

Further up the valley was the Rancho Tularcitos. Settlement in the Cachagua area, situated further up the valley, took place in the 1870s and 1890s. This period coincided with the recession of the 1890s, which led people from the Salinas Valley to seek new opportunities in Cachagua. They migrated to the region and acquired small parcels of land, engaging in subsistence farming to sustain themselves during challenging economic times.

Geography and ecology
According to the United States Census Bureau, the Carmel Valley CCD covers a total area of 189.65 sqmi, comprising 189.05 sqmi of land and 0.6 sqmi of water. Within the CCD, the Carmel Valley Village lies on the eastern bank of the Carmel River while the community of Robles del Rio is located on the western bank. Carmel Valley Road (County Route G16) is the main route through the valley, connecting to California State Route 1 near the City of Carmel to the west.

The Carmel River drains the area of Carmel Valley. Primary ecosystems of the vicinity include California oak woodland, riparian woodland, chaparral, grassland and savanna. Dominant oak trees include Quercus agrifolia. The locale of Carmel Valley is also the northernmost range of the hybrid oak Quercus x alvordiana.

The Garland Ranch Regional Park is located at 700 West Carmel Valley Road. The Monterey Peninsula Regional Park District (MPRPD) manages the Garland Ranch Regional Park.

Climate
This region experiences warm dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above 71.6 F. With heat waves in the upper 70s to 101 degrees F. The further inland you go. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Carmel Valley has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps.

2020
At the 2020 census Carmel Valley had a population of 6,189. The racial makeup of Carmel Valley was 5,502 White, 32 African American, 57 Native American, 126 Asian, 17 Pacific Islander, 270 from other races, and 685 from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 624.

The age distribution was 1.7% under the age of 5; 16.0% under the age of 18, 84.0% 18 years and over; and 37.5% 65 or older. The median age was 58.8 years.

Government
At the county level, Carmel Valley is represented on the Monterey County Board of Supervisors by Mary L. Adams, as the 5th District Supervisor.

In the California State Assembly, Carmel Valley is in, and in. In the United States House of Representatives, Carmel Valley is in.

Tourism
Carmel Valley has a number of wine tasting rooms, as well as several high-end hotels affiliated with the wineries. Wineries with tasting rooms in Carmel Valley include Holman Ranch, Bernardus, Boëté, Chateau Sinnet, Folktale, Galante, Georis, Heller Estate, Joullian Village, Joyce Vineyards, Parsonage, San Saba and Talbott. A public bus, called the Grapevine Express Route 24 and run by Monterey-Salinas Transit, stops at most of these tasting rooms.

The Monterey Wine Trolley also offers a tour on a former San Francisco trolley that makes stops at several wineries in the Monterey Peninsula and Carmel Valley.

Folklore
The Lost Padre Mines of the Carmel Mission have woven themselves into the tapestry of local folklore, with their legacy recounted through various accounts, including those within Randall Reinstadt's notable works such as Ghosts, Bandits, and Legends of Old Monterey, Carmel and Surrounding Areas and Tales and Treasures of California Missions. These narratives unveil a captivating history, suggesting that indigenous communities held knowledge of abundant gold deposits concealed within the untamed terrain of the Santa Lucia Mountains. As whispers of these riches echoed through time, the enigmatic Lost Padre Mines became a testament to the allure of hidden treasures and the enduring mystique of the land. Numerous iterations of these legends appear to have originated from long-time residents of Carmel Valley. It is plausible that this phenomenon can be attributed to some of the final descendants of the Mission Indians who resided and labored in the area.

Notable sites

 * The Jamesburg Earth Station, one of the world's largest tracking satellite dish antennas, is located in Carmel Valley. This telecommunication facility was used by NASA during its Apollo Moon landings. Currently it is being used by Lone Signal a crowdfunded active SETI project designed to send messages from Earth to an extraterrestrial civilization.
 * Treasure was hidden somewhere in Carmel Valley by Sheriff William Roach's brother-in-law, Jerry MacMahon. MacMahon was killed in a barroom brawl before he could reveal the location of the money. Preceding the incident, Maria Encarnacion Ortega de Sanchez, the widow of a wealthy rancher, was being cheated by local authorities, including the Sheriff, William Roach, who took her fortune under the guise of guardianship. After kidnapping Roach with the help of a local gunslinger named Anastacio Garcia, they held Roach in a jail cell in Stockton until he agreed to release the widow's gold. But Roach had bribed a guard to ride to Monterey and urge Roach's family to hide the gold. Chief Justice of California David S. Terry had been interested in the 'Widow Sanchez' case.
 * Stonepine Estate, a resort used to shoot the wedding of Eden Capwell and Cruz Castillo for the Santa Barbara TV series in 1988.
 * Carmel Valley Road-Boronda Road Eucalyptus Tree Row is located on Boronda Road off Carmel Valley Road in Carmel Valley. The unusual street side row of Eucalyptus globulus trees was planted sometime between 1874 and 1881, by Nathan Weston Spaulding, during the species' peak popularity in California for Landscaping. The landscape feature was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 10, 2008.

Notable people

 * Angelique Cabral, American actress
 * Wah Chang, American designer, sculptor, and artist
 * Doris Day, American actress, singer, and animal welfare activist
 * Scott Fujita, retired NFL football player for New Orleans Saints
 * Julian P. Graham, photographer of the Monterey Peninsula
 * MC Lars, American rapper and producer
 * Ingemar Henry Lundquist, inventor and mechanical engineer
 * Michael Nesmith, musician, songwriter and filmmaker, former member of The Monkees
 * Leon Panetta, former United States Secretary of Defense, former Director of the Central Intelligence Agency (2009–11), former Congressman (1977–93) and White House Chief of Staff (1994–97)
 * Maurice White, founder of R&B/Soul group Earth, Wind & Fire
 * Alexander Weygers, a polymath Dutch-American artist who patented the design of the discopter (the "flying saucer") in 1944

title: Carmel Valley, California


text:
User:Fabartus/LinkLib

babel

Welcome
If you've followed this signature— [Fra nkB ] — you've got the right place! '''[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=User_talk:Fabartus&action=edit&section=new >>>>>> Please click here to leave me a new message. <<<<<< ]''' I use the top of this Page as a 'Scratch Pad' — But visitors are always welcome.
 * Have a seat and let me grab us a couple of brewski's! — Look around if you like, but watch your step as you wander around amongst the clutter!

If you want a clue as to who I am Click: Flue Powder if you don't want to trip going across the floor. I'm afraid I'm very ADD (AD/HD)so the piles on the floor are the best I can do to organize myself without a lot of anxiety provoking effort. This link may be most useful for wikipedians unfamiliar with me like you: This is a fairly typical day of WikiEditing for me. (I do a lot of expansion and fix-ups, but seldom save until done, done, done)!  ==WELCOME==

My Other WikiLinks
 My TOC: (NOT really of use TO YOU! I'm afraid.)

Useful links
Current major WikiFocus in the burgeoning 1632 series, and at the rate these works are coming out, it will likely take all summer to finish.

Current Project Articles
At the moment, this whole list is Category:Eric Flint books
 * 1) 1632 series-Talk:1632 series-
 * 2) Assiti Shards series
 * 3) The Grantville Gazettes
 * 4) User:Fabartus/1632series rework -- Utility file use to develop the following too:
 * 5) 1634: The Galileo Affair
 * 6) 1632 Research Committee
 * 7) 1632 Tech Manual forum
 * 8) 1632 Slush
 * 9) Grantville, WV — Maps and information, sourced from 1632.org collected on the fictional town with it's fictional neohistory.
 * 10) Badenburg — The fictional walled town, the second state of the USE (fiction).
 * 11) USE (fiction), etc.

Back burner ToDOs

 * 1) user:fabartus/boxes_sandbox
 * 2) Belisarius series — expand and do seperate articles; Category:David Drake books
 * 3) User:Fbartus/Scratch02 --060412--Currently use as Section edit in Arsenal of Democracy expansion.
 * 4) user:fabartus/Forward the Mage — Category:Joe's World series
 * 5) user:fabartus/The Philosophical Strangler— Category:Joe's World series
 * 6) user:fabartus/Personal Computer Industry -- stub out of eventual article focused on history of same, older information in part from Fire in the Valley and such works.

Quick Refs

 * 0. Newcomers_help_page - The link that keeps going missing! [[Image:Green check.png|12px]]

 * 1) User:Fabartus/scratchpads/Bat of PortArthur
 * 2) Welcome, newcomers
 * 3) Introduction
 * 4) Problem with HomePaging: User talk:Fabartus/Scratchpad01
 * 5) 'Altavista' Narrower than Google Garbage Searches
 * 6) WikiX Tools
 * 7) My Welcome Message -- Rev-B 060406
 * 8) Karmafist's Manifesto -- Grassroots Wikipolitics, some sensible suggestions on fixing some fundamental problems.
 * 9) User:Fabartus/graphics — Collection of Graphics tricks and techniques (esp. tables)
 * 10) Logbooks — Record keeping of Templates Applied s.a. {CLEAN, POV, EXPERT, ATTENTION, FACT, etc.} to patrol and clear periodically
 * 11) WikiContacts Index
 * 12) Logbooks — Various Quick Lookups
 * 13) Template_Log — Records of where I've applied 'Splash' templates like CLEAN, POV, UNREF, and etc.
 * 14) User:Fabartus/Blackhat - friendly warning for IP newcomers
 * 15) user:fabartus/wikiContacts_and_Friends
 * 16) user:fabartus/UploadedImages
 * 17) status page
 * 18) Logbooks
 * 19) Template_notes & tricks
 * 20) User:Fabartus/temp -- currently a redirect, reuse as needed
 * 21) Extended image syntax — About time found! Images 101
 * 22) http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/resource/065_mili.html — Library of Congress notes on US gov. 'image sources'.
 * 1) Wikisource Scriptorium Page

Off Wikipedia

 * 1) Wikipedia Main Page
 * 2) WikiBooks Main Page
 * 3) Check My Talk at WikiBooks
 * 4) Post My Talk @WikiBooks
 * 5) Wikisource Materials — Miscellaneos materials like speech texts, recipes and such.

On Wikipedia

 * 1) WP:AFD
 * 2) Deletion log
 * 3) Most_Wanted_Articles
 * 4) Requested Articles - Index
 * 5) Pages needing attention
 * 6) Peer review
 * 7) Recent_changes_patrol
 * 8) General Stubs,sectstub
 * 9) Stubs, Templates Nominated for Deletion — WP:SFD — Analog of WP:AfD for squiggly things.
 * 10) Vandalism
 * Category:Candidates for speedy deletion

 * 1) Deadend pages
 * 2) RecentChanges -- Major changes only, hide Bots, ?hideliu???

Maybe patrol

 * WikiProjects --
 * 1) Special:Unusedtemplates --

Tools

 * |24.61.229.179
 * |132.205.45.148

Disputed

 *   —  Page
 *   —  Section
 *   — dispute one line's FACT.
 *   —  Line

Disputed POV

 * Template:POV Page
 * Template:POV-check Page
 * Template:POV-section Section
 * Template:POV-statement Line

Both Disputed and POV

 * Template:Controversial Page
 * Template:TotallyDisputed Page
 * Template:TotallyDisputed-section Section

Here at WikiP

 * 1) Administrators' reading list
 * 2) Boilerplate text (disambig: Very useful collection of links)
 * 3) WP:CSD == CSD Project Page
 * 4) HELP by Department
 * 5) WikiP Policy Library --
 * 6) WP:VP -- The Village Pump
 * 7) Tools/Editing tools
 * 8) User Scripts -- really need to take time to browse this soon, there are some good tools and variations here!
 * 9) WP:Btw
 * 10) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:User_categorisation

Categories, Templates Arcana

 * 1) Category -- WP:CAT—The Main Guideline governing Categories
 * Fundamental categories —This is daughter (subcategory) of CAT:CAT by natural topics
 * 1) CAT:CAT — Head end list of all categories, so can browse the whole heirarchial tree
 * 2) Category:Articles to be Merged—WP:MM, put together for merging and moving.
 * 3) How to archive a talk page

Guidelines, How to
*WXYZ indicates have hard copy on paper, quick filed index 'WXYZ'
 * 1) Administrators' how-to guide,
 * 2) Conflict resolution,
 * 3) How to archive a talk page,
 * 4) How to edit a page,
 * 5) Renaming/Moving a Page,
 * Foundation issues,
 * 1) WP:PIC — Guide to Picture Layout, and options, part of MOS (long-See hardcopy) too)
 * 2) Images — Guide to Images Layout in general, and options (see hardcopy too)
 * 3) WP:FU—WP GUIDELINE What Is/IS not Fair USe Images
 * 4) WP:GTL — Guide to Layout, part of MOS
 * 5) WP:R == WP:RDR == WP:REDIR — Guide to Redirects, part of MOS (hardcopy)
 * 6) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes
 * 7) Wikiquette
 * 8) MediaWiki User's Guide: Editing mathematical formulae
 * 9) Merging and moving pages—WP:MM
 * 10) Template messages --
 * 11) Utilities --
 * 12) WP:WS — WikiProject Wiki Syntax — wikiproject list of syntax problem IDed by bots.

Special Link, Lookups, and References

 * 1) Wikipedia_talk:Deletion_policy/Archive_23
 * 2) Polytonic orthography
 * 3) User:RoyBoy/The 800 Club --
 * 4) Welcoming committee
 * 5) Stub Sorting Subproject
 * 6) Precis on Special Pages
 * 7) Article VfD instructions --
 * Category:Candidates for speedy deletion
 * 1) Special:Newpages
 * 2) Cities Projects
 * 3) Encyl Artys Needed
 * 4) Wikiprojects
 * 5) 1911EBArtys Needed  --
 * 6) AdminList Categorized by Recent Activity
 * 7) Complete by uncategorized list of Administrators
 * 8) Lamest Edit Wars
 * 9) Clueless

Things Check out/Examine

 * 1) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary - Forget it. Ridiculously high user fees Use free Dictionary.com!
 * 2) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikisource = Destination of source materials, some of which may be good starts for wikiBooks
 * 3) http://en.wikiBooks.org/wiki = WikiBooks references and text project. Some don't like wikiPedian culture

user:fabartus/graphics

Useful Techniques/Tools

 * Embedding GeoCo-Ordinates Template: Geographical location 32.73333°N, 129.86667°W (Nagasaki) (Link indication is beta-test to mapping software.)
 * Edit Counter
 * Counter Summary section only
 * Arbcom Vote Tally (members)

Reminders and ToDo Lists
baby boom--baby Boom--Baby Boom (film)--baby boom's all snarled up, redirect is to film in health articles, etc. Needs someone to check what directs here, and fix links, or move article back, or somesuch. (I'me mad ea big dent)

 * 1) Metrology — cleanup requests a thourogh dumbing down to lay reader
 * 2) 060422--Customary_measurement_systems and This] — no one has run with this ball in a month, so get back and expand.
 * 3) Polio — dumbify intro and mention FDR in introbody. Does not even begin to give the horror of the disease and fear. too clinical.
 * 4) Need an Article 'Recreational boating'
 * 5) Dredge article with much information badly in need of rewrite
 * 6) Update Alternate history (fiction) - w/1632 series

 * 1) Scratchpad01-DOC Problem Bring to the attention of Interiot
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User/fabartus/scratchpads/Bat_of_PortArthur
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User/fabartus/scratchpads/Glacial_Vs_Interglacial_Epocs - Wikified: User:Fabartus/scratchpads/Glacial Vs Interglacial Epocs

 * http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User/fabartus/battles/Naval_Forces_of_The_Russo-Japanese_War
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User/fabartus/scratchpads/Table_of_US_Weights_and_Measures
 * Mountains- meter to feet conversion additions

 * Promise to Generate new Map for Tsushima Strait Article showing Iki and Mainland Japan plus sliver of Korea

Maybe Someday:
This category contains Wikipedians who participate in the Wikipedia:WikiProject Stub sorting. If you want to add yourself, put on your user page or, if you don't have a user page, on your user talk page. (fab-050701)

Completed To-Do Items
Nagasaki, Nagasaki - 10 August 2005

Community Contributions

 * 1) Weighing In on VfD Policy 050603
 * 2) My Input at Para. 9
 * 3) Above Wikified to page top
 * 4) Some POV edit-war fix suggestions Posted inviting some to read
 * 5) POV Naming Wars —not to mention most Tsushima Island articles.
 * 6) Mediations in M vs M
 * 7) Weighing in on Junk Templates Also see Talk Post Template Talk: unreferenced - 060412, Spam notify to five Sr. Eds.
 * 8) Archives_as_sources -- School driven RFC+this on nice article citing archival sources.

Articles
I do a lot of technical editing, mainly in history (lifelong avocation) or in science & engineering related topics. Most often, I'll end up doing a whole string of related edits from within a preview window while testing links of whatever edit I started with.

Articles I'm Researching

 * 1) much neglected 1632 series related articles (10ish)
 * 2) User:Fabartus/1632series_rework Project:1632series_rework
 * 3) Battle of Breitenfeld (1631) -- this looks to have some problems. Dig into some books, it cites three.

Temp Files

 * 1) User:Fabartus/scratchpads/VG1_060325%28test%29 DataXferTest063025
 * 2) User:Fabartus/temp-A2cuts -- backup: just in case. Inadvertant Dups of talk when initially archiving. Posted to A-2 when had browser problem editting in IE6. Fra nkB  16:26, 29 April 2006 (UTC)
 * 3) User:Fabartus/temp
 * 4) User:Fabartus/temp1
 * 5) User:Fabartus/temp2
 * 6) User:Fabartus/temp3
 * 7) User:Fabartus/temp4
 * 8) User:Fabartus/temp5 -- permanently allocate: Template debug and experment
 * 9) User:Fabartus/Scratchpad01
 * 10) User:Fabartus/Scratchpad02

Articles I'm Working On (large edits)

 * 1632 (novel) -- 1632 series -- 1632 series characters
 * 1633 (novel) -- Grantville Gazettes -- Ring of Fire -- 1634: The Galileo Affair
 * 1634 The Ram Rebellion -- others listed here first: talk:1632 series

Articles I've suspended Working On (large edits)

 * 1632_series/1632_series_historical_background -- 24.61.229.179
 * Battle of Port Arthur -- Battle of Tsushima -- Russo-Japanese War and related articles

Articles I've suspended Researching
(Casualties of Katrina!)
 * Other battles of Russo-Japanese war (a lot)
 * Timeline of the Russo-Japanese War -- Battle of Chemalpo -- Naval Skirmishes of the Russo-Japanese War
 * Battle of Shantung -- Dalian -- Lushun -- Fleets of the Russo-Japanese War

Dont forget: web reference for additional research: http://www.russojapanesewar.com/tsushima.html
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boxer_Rebellion&action=edit&section=1 - This has error "had begun to demand" - build a list of known concessions 1894-1897, including extra-terratorality, naval bases and 'Regions' (ala WeiWei, Liaodong, CER, etc.), then incorporate into this causes section. Fabartus 04:58, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Battle of Trafalgar (Aide to author)... on Peer ReviewFabartus 04:12, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Wiki Articles I Started
Excludes the trivial redirects, Natch!

 * Manchurian Railway

 * Organosulfur compounds

 * Table of US Weights and Measures : stub Fabartus 04:12, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Wiki Article Contributions
This will never be up to date, I fear!!!

Minor Contributions
Korea Strait -- Tsushima Islands -- Tsushima Strait -- Dalian -- Lushun

Article Significant edits

 * Natural Gas — Treaty of Shimonoseki — Siege of Port Arthur
 * Drum (container) — Battle of Port Arthur — Russo-Japanese War

Older Work (as Anom)

 * One Computer - User:24.61.229.179 (Office Desk)
 * Surprise change to IP Dec 2006: Wow!, despite same old firewall router.
 * Fathometer -- Natural Gas

Pending Large Edit Articles

 * http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User/fabartus/battles/Battle_of_the_Nile
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User/fabartus/battles/Naval_Forces_of_The_Russo-Japanese_War
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User/fabartus/scratchpads/Table_of_US_Weights_and_Measures

Particularly useful Templates
-- (form is 'for...' minutes, not until ... time)

User Templates, Education
These are sourced in:

This user has an academic degree.

MEng 	This user has a Master of Engineering degree. , MS 	This user has a Master of Science degree. BS 	This user has a Bachelor of Science degree. BSc 	This user has a Bachelor of Science degree. BSBS 	This user has two Bachelor of Science degrees. BE 	This user has a Bachelor of Engineering degree. HIS    This user's favorite subject is History. This user graduated from the University of Something.

R-JW Project References

 * F.R. Sedwick, (R.F.A.), The Russo-Japanese War, 1909, The Macmillan Company, N.Y., 192 pp.

 * Colliers (Ed.), The Russo-Japanese War, 1904, P.F. Collier & Son, New York, 129 pp.

 * Dennis and Peggy Warner, The Tide At Sunrise, 1974, Charterhouse, New York, 659 pp.

 * Geoffrey Jukes, The Russo-Japanese War 1904-1905, 2002, Osprey Publishing, Oxford, Ox2 9LP (Britain), ISBN 1-84176-446-9, 95 pp.

 * William Henry Chamberlain, Japan Over Asia, 1937, Little, Brown, and Company, Boston, 395 pp.

 * Frank Theiss, The Voyage of Forgotten Men, 1937, Bobbs-Merrill Company, 1st Ed., Indianapolis & New York, 415 pp.

 * Ian Nish, A Short History of JAPAN, 1968, LoCCC# 68-16796, Fredrick A. Praeger, Inc., New York, 238 pp.
 * ditto, The Story of Japan, 1968, (British Title and Publisher), Farber and Farber, Ltd. (i.e. same book)

 * Edwin O Reischauer, Japan - The Story of a Nation, 1970,  LoCCC# 77-10895  Afred A. Knopf, Inc., New York. 345 pp. plus index.
 * Previously published as Japan Past and Present (4 Editions, 1946-1964), (i.e. 5 revisions overall)

 * Richard Hough, "THE FLEET THAT HAD TO DIE", 1958, LoCCC# 58-9650, The Viking Press, Inc., New York, 212 pp.

 * Tom McKnight,PhD, et al; Geographica (ATLAS), 1999-2004, 3rd revision, Barnes and Noble Books AND Random House, New York, ISBN 0-7607-5974-X, 618 pp.

 * David Walder, THE SHORT VICTORIOUS WAR, 1973, Harper & Row, New York, ISBN 0-06-014516-1, 321 pp.

 * Constantine Pleshakov, The TSAR'S LAST ARMADA, 2002, Basic Books/The Perseus Books Group, New York, ISBN 0-465-05791-8, 396 pp.

For the Incorrigibly Curious
I feel that Self-promotion is something that ought to be practiced like masturbation - in private, but now that I finally committed myself to the Wiki-culture and signed up, I suppose something autobiographical should be written here. I started making small anonymous edits and fixes around the end of October in 2004, but more in the following winter. So I've been poking around since the end of 2004 iirc under a variety of IP's, and bit the bullet and registered in May 2005 while on a history kick. I batch read a lot, especially in history, a life long love. I didn't major in it though, figuring I couldn't pay any bills with such a degree without becoming a PhD., which alas, I could not envision as an undergraduate paying my own way through school. Next semester's tuition was as far as I could see!

I'm a self-employed engineering consultant in the Boston Area with a strong general knowledge background in the sciences, history, and to a lesser extent economics and finance. I attended Washington and Jefferson College in Pennsylvania (Biology+Chemistry+Economics), DeVry Institute of Technology, Evanston Ill. (Associates in Electronics), Northeastern University and Tufts University (various electrical and computer engineering), not to mention a lot of US Navy Technical Schools while I was in the regular navy. My college education was broken and changed track as a result of the world wide recession triggered by the OPEC Oil Embargo of 1973 and 1974. In 1974 (my first 'real' professional job as a student) was as an Industrial Chemist in a steel stamping and galvanizing plant a manufacturer of 'electrical boxes', making sure we were in compliance with the then new Clean Air and Water Act and resultant E.P.A. regulations.

To many, that recession meant only gas lines and odd-even license plate restrictions for when we could buy, but to me, working to put myself through school, it meant watching a company die, a consequent stint in the US Navy serving in Submarines when I couldn't afford a third years tuition, and a reserve career as a Chief-Petty-Officer now spanning decades. It also bumped me into electronics and software which I've kept balanced on a plate as a systems specialist ever since, even before adding other engineering degrees. I have a wife who is a notable tax expert, CPA, currently President of the local chapter of NAWBO (pronounced 'Nah-Bow'- National Associations Womans Business Owners) and two teenagers now both in a private high school. We live in North Anover, Massachusetts -- but if you tell anyone, I'll have to kill you cause that's classified.

(If you're unfamiliar with military humor in general, you have to forgive me for things like that. Some say I have a low and evil sense of humor, but that's a base slander — it's not evil in the least but does go quite low at times!)

I write science fiction and fantasy under a nom de plume (which is how I found Wiki), read almost anything, but especially love to study history by reading biographies of various 'characters on the historical stage' so I can get the 'flavor' of the time and the balanced viewpoint from various authors. If a figure is especially noteworthy, I'll read three or four biographies over time, as some biographers exibit bias. Living near Boston, I'm also a big PATS (and Steelers) fan, though the home town team wins my loyalty over the old town 'Steel city' when they meet head to head. (After such occasions, the family will even talk to me again— after a month or so of sulking.) I'm a fair REDSOX baseball fan as well (and no, not fair weather!), but more fanatic about the shorter football season. I don't generally watch TV unless it's current events (News, sports) or History, save for family time, got to the movies only rarely, and browse the web less than that without a specific purpose. Those sessions meant I started seeing Wikipedia more and more, and I guess that's the short form of why I'm here now taken together with my penchant for reading and wanting to check a related matter.

I'm a lifelong Boy Scout (Us older 'graduates' and mentors are known as 'Scouters') and like a lot of outdoor stuff varying from the horses and hunting dogs I had as a kid, to mountaineering things like rapeling and white water rafting. I'm very into blue water boating, used to race extensively (Glory Days) in sailing clubs and regatta's, and can be seen cruising (or flying very low) in local waters in the Nauti-gal, a cuddy-cabin go fast boat my wife talked me into when she opined that sailing was too much work (as an activity).

So my sentence for accepting that arguement is that I get to spend my spare time maintaining 'Nauti-Gal' and hung a license-plate sign saying "I'd Rather be Sailing" on the stern. Hey, gotta be honest! I'm currently rebuilding her engine (As a youth, I managed a gas station and helped build dragsters) and hope to get her back on blue water by May 2006.

I Trailer the beast, so you can find me on New Hampshires Lakes as readily as on the coastline between Kennibunkport, ME (No, Haven't seen Bush Senior on his boat yet.) to Narragansett Bay in Rhode Island. This summer I may cruise down to New London and Groton (Ct.) to see if the old Navy base looks the same.

In addition to all that, I keep after an endless list of hands on projects around the house or grounds, train and walk our two dogs, and build furnature and do cabinetry about every third year. The Doc said I was good for another 100,000 miles early in 2006 but wants me to loose more weight (15 pounds down from December to February wasn't enough!). While that sounds well enough, he wants me to get a colonoscopy which is about as bad as it gets, so say a prayer for me come May!

Some of the Things I've Worked In Engineering

 * Never mind — this project was like so many over the years, alas, canceled too!

title: User:Fabartus/LinkLib


text:
Studio Brussel

Studio Brussel is a Dutch-speaking radio station in Belgium, owned by the VRT. The music played is considered more alternative than the other big radio stations, and is aimed mainly at a youth audience. The channel is an initiative of the Flemish Government and is financed principally by taxes.

History
Studio Brussel started on 1 April 1983 as a regional Brussels radio station of the then-BRT. It began as a regional radio station broadcasting only during rush hour. Gradually, broadcasting times were expanded and Studio Brussel could be heard throughout all of Flanders. The first two presenters were Paul De Wyngaert and Jan Hautekiet. The radio station plays mostly alternative and more heavy music, mostly rock, but also metal, hip hop, house and techno.

At the end of 2002, Studio Brussel got a new look. The logo with the "wild" characters was replaced by a red ellipse with the name Studio Brussel in it.

On 24 April 2006, Wim Oosterlinck left Studio Brussel for Qmusic. Peter Van de Veire left Studio Brussel for the new radio station MNM in 2008.

Since 2007, Jan Van Biesen is the net manager of Studio Brussel. He was preceded by Isabelle Baele (2005–2007), Mark Coenen (2002–2005), Jan Hautekiet (1998–2002) and Jan Schoukens (1983–1998).

Studio Brussel has a market share of 9.8% in Flanders. It is also the most popular foreign radio station in the Netherlands.

On 4 February 2019, Studio Brussel introduced a new logo for the first time since 2002. It was designed by Base Design and the new "digital-first" inspired logo uses a custom font as well as an unlimited range of colours.

Timeless 100
Every year, there is a chart called the Tijdloze 100 (timeless 100), with 100 timeless tracks. It consists of 100 'timeless tracks'. In 2003, 2004 and 2005 the Belgian band Gorki was at the first place with "Mia". In 2006 until 2012, Nirvana was at number 1 with "Smells Like Teen Spirit". Thereafter, Led Zeppelin (Stairway to heaven), and Pearl Jam (Black) took the top-position. In 2021 Fleetwood Mac overtook Black with The Chain.

title: Studio Brussel


text:
Talk:Thomas J. Watson

Infobox photo
I think the infobox can have a younger photo of Watson, like the previous one. The current one from 1950 can be used in the latter parts of the page. VectorVoyager (talk) 14:40, 2 September 2023 (UTC)

 * By the previous one, I intend this:
 * Thomas J Watson Sr (cropped).jpg VectorVoyager (talk) 14:41, 2 September 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Thomas J. Watson


text:
User talk:EvoLUtion

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has now been reverted or removed. Please use Sandbox for any other tests you want to do, since testing in articles will be reverted quickly. Please see the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. — Xezbeth 19:16, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:EvoLUtion


text:
Frank Beard (musician)

Frank Lee Beard (born June 11, 1949) is an American drummer best known as a member of the rock band ZZ Top.

Early life
Beard was born in Frankston, Texas, and attended Irving High School in Irving, Texas.

Career
Before joining ZZ Top, Beard was a member of a fake version of the British band the Zombies, which toured in the US without authorization from the original band members, and also was part of the Outlaws with later ZZ Top member Dusty Hill. Other bands Beard and Hill played with early in their careers included the Cellar Dwellers, the Hustlers, the Warlocks, and American Blues.

In May 1969, Beard joined The Moving Sidewalks, a band that would become ZZ Top in July 1969. Beard also introduced Gibbons to Hill. After honing their trademark "Texas boogie-blues-rock" style, they released ZZ Top's First Album on London Records in January 1971. Beard is credited under the nickname "Rube Beard" on the ZZ Top's First Album and on Tres Hombres, the band's third album, but is credited under his actual name on Rio Grande Mud, their second album. He is also credited under his actual name on every ZZ Top album since 1975's Fandango!

Personal life
Beard married long-time girlfriend Catherine Alexander in April 1978 and divorced July 1981.

After achieving success with ZZ Top in the late 1970s, Beard began spending a lot of money on drugs, including LSD, cocaine and heroin. He later regretted spending the money, and said it damaged his relationships. He joined a rehabilitation program. He recalled: "I just wanted to get sober. I wanted to be like people I admired who could sit home and watch TV and go to bed and that was okay [for them]." ZZ Top went on hiatus for three years while Beard dealt with his addictions.

He married Debbie Meredith in November 1982. They remain married and have three children. Beard resides in Richmond, Texas, where he owns and operates the Top 40 Ranch. He golfs, and is known locally for participation in tournaments and community events. Beard was long known as, ironically, the only member of ZZ Top not to have a beard, but he grew a short one in 2013.

Endorsements
Beard plays Tama drums, Paiste cymbals, Promark drumsticks, and Remo drumheads.

title: Frank Beard (musician)


text:
Crocodile Club

The Crocodile Club was an informal group of members of the European Parliament (MEP) that favoured greater European integration, to the extent of a European federation, and greater powers to the European Parliament.

The group was founded on 9 July 1980, a year after the Parliament's first direct elections, by nine cross-party MEPs including Altiero Spinelli. The meeting was held at the "Au Crocodile" restaurant (10 rue de l'Outre, Strasbourg) giving the club its name. The club was formally constituted in September of that year, and in those two months the membership of the club had grown to sixty. Within a year it grew to one hundred and eighty, almost half the members of the Parliament.

It was on the initiative of the club that Parliament established a new committee to deal with institutional reform of the then European Economic Community. This committee, led by Spinelli, prepared a "Draft Treaty Establishing a European Union", a proposal to transform the then European Community into a partially federal European Union. The draft treaty was approved by the Parliament on 14 February 1984, by 237 votes against 31. While that text was not adopted by the member states, it triggered the negotiations and provided the impetus for the Single European Act and the Maastricht Treaty (which established the European Union).

Following the death of Spinelli in 1986, a group of MEPs established the "Altiero Spinelli action Committee for European Union", a federalist intergroup intended to take on the work started in 1980 by the Crocodile Club.

title: Crocodile Club


text: Category:Terrorist incidents in 2005

title: Category:Terrorist incidents in 2005


text:
User:StopTheFiling

Hello. I'm putting this here so my new username doesn't show up in red all the time...anyway, I putz around here and there, usually making minor or not-quite-so-minor grammar, word flow, and spelling edits, with the occaisional article expansion. Random Page rocks. :)

Stuff I Like

 * Indian food
 * South India
 * Cats
 * Homestar Runner
 * The Simpsons
 * Italian food
 * Mexican food
 * American food
 * Food
 * Midnight sun and other weird natural phenomena
 * Politics
 * California
 * Tom Robbins

A very broad synopsis of a general sketch of some of what I'm interested in - ultimately, I'm a rather random person, and anything interesting will grab my attention.

Useful Info
Below is a list a user was nice enough to send me, I'm keeping it here for future reference for myself and perhaps for the edification of others. Thanks! StopTheFiling 18:59, Jun 6, 2005 (UTC)

Welcome
Hi and welcome to wikipedia. I noticed you had a blank talk page, so I decided to welcome you. I hope you like it and decide to stay. Here are some handy links for newcomers. Also you can sign your name on talk pages and vote pages with three tildes like this, and your name with a time stamp with four (not a mere three) like this ~. Howabout1 Talk to me!  00:52, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Welcome
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Help pages
 * Village pump
 * help desk
 * Wiquette

Some more useful info
These are links that I've been referring to a lot and don't want to keep looking up...the list will grow in time.
 * Vote for Deletion
 * Reference Desk
 * Template Messages

title: User:StopTheFiling


text:
The Ballad of Bilbo Baggins

"The Ballad of Bilbo Baggins" is a song composed by Charles Randolph Grean and performed by Leonard Nimoy, telling the story of Bilbo Baggins and his adventures in J. R. R. Tolkien's 1937 novel The Hobbit. The recording was featured on the 1968 album Two Sides of Leonard Nimoy, the second of Nimoy's albums on Dot Records. It was also released as a single (Dot Records Cat. #45-17028) in July 1967, backed with a "modern thought-image" folk song called "Cotton Candy".

When the single was originally released, Nimoy lip-synched to the recording during a guest appearance on the July 28, 1967 episode of Malibu U, a short-lived variety television series. This segment survives as a "music video" and shows Nimoy (wearing his Star Trek hairstyle as the series was in the midst of production of its second season at the time) and a group of color-coordinated young women, all wearing plastic pointed ears (presumably like Vulcans as Hobbits only had slightly pointed ears in Tolkien's writing), singing and dancing an overtly strange, hopping-waddling dance on a beach. Clothing and random objects would fly up from behind a hill, and a variety of buttons with typical Hobbit/Star Trek slogans ("Hobbits Unite!", "Admit Middle-earth to the U.N.!", "What's a Leonard Nimoy?") were occasionally visible.

Since its rediscovery on the BBC2 documentary Funk Me Up Scotty and propagation over the Internet, it has been treated as an example of 1960s camp. An excerpt from the musical number is included in the documentaries Ringers: Lord of the Fans about The Lord of the Rings fandom, and in For the Love of Spock. The song was also included in the 1993 Nimoy compilation album Highly Illogical.

References to the song
An audio clip of the song was played as part of an answer on an episode of Jeopardy! aired January 5, 2006. The song was sampled by Bentley Rhythm Ace for their track "Theme From 'Gutbuster'" on their album For Your Ears Only, released in 2000. Segments of the song were shown during Bring Back... Star Trek, with Justin Lee Collins citing it as research into Leonard Nimoy.

In a 2013 Audi advertisement featuring Nimoy and Zachary Quinto (who played Spock in the Kelvin timeline films), Nimoy speaks the first few lines of the song, ending with "go Bilbo!".

title: The Ballad of Bilbo Baggins


text:
Hamworthy

Hamworthy is a suburb of Poole, in the Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole district, in the ceremonial county of Dorset, England. It is sited on a peninsula of approximately 3 km2 that is bordered by the town of Upton to the north, Poole Harbour to the south, Lytchett Bay to the west and Holes Bay to the east. Poole Bridge, the southern terminus of the A350 road, connects the suburb with the town centre. Hamworthy is the location of the Port of Poole ferry passenger terminal and cargo handling operations.

Hamworthy had two local councillors in Poole Borough Council, one for Hamworthy East, and one for Hamworthy West. In Hamworthy there are six main areas, Rockley Park (where Royal Marines Poole and Holiday Park are), Turlin Moor Estate, Lower Hamworthy (where Poole Docks are), Cobbs Quay/Harbourside (Which looks out over Holes Bay), Lake Side (where the Metalbox Factory is located) and Central Hamworthy (Location of the Main Road, Co-Op and Church area).

Hamworthy has a railway station, with a twice hourly South Western Railway service to London Waterloo on the South West Main Line.

History
The Roman Emperor, Vespasian, brought the Second Augustan Legion to the harbour in 43 AD and founded Hamworthy. The Romans continued to use the harbour throughout the occupation. Hamworthy was the site of an Iron Age settlement before it was taken over by the Romans in the 1st century and named Moriconium. The Romans made use of Poole Harbour, and built a road from Hamworthy to Badbury Rings.

The closure of Poole Power Station in the early 1990s and of other industrial sites close to the bridge has provided an area for regeneration. This included a second bridge crossing, and major house building. The Twin Sails Bridge, opened in March 2012 runs alongside the old lifting bridge.

Education
Hamworthy has four schools: The Cornerstone Academy (ages 11–16), Twin Sails Infant School and Nursery (ages 3–6), Turlin Moor Community School (ages 4–10) and Hamworthy Park Junior School (ages 7–10).

Hamworthy is home to one of the oldest Scout Association groups in the World. 1st Hamworthy Scout Group which has records dating back to October 1908 and still meets every week with a total membership of nearly 150, Beaver Scouts, Cub Scouts and Scouts, 1st Hamworthy Scout Troop was formed out of the original Boys' Brigade unit that had members take part in the original Scout Camp in 1907. The groups records show a Youth Section meeting in Hamworthy under the name of 1st Hamworthy since the original Boy Brigade unit opened in 1883, this unit then transferred membership to the Scout Association in 1908 to become the current Group that exists today. The group was originally one of many in Hamworthy, but has absorbed over groups over time including 2nd Hamworthy, Turlin Moor, Lytchett Bay and St Michaels Church Scout Groups. Today the Group operates sections under two names: 1st Hamworthy and Turlin Moor.

Hamworthy Churches
Hamworthy parish has a number of churches. St. Michael's parish church based on the main Blandford Road is the Church of England parish church. St. Gabriel's church based on Turlin Moor is a smaller Church of England church based in a modern building. There are also other church denominations based in Hamworthy parish.

Sport
Hamworthy has one non-League football clubs: Hamworthy United F.C., which plays at The County Ground in Lower Hamworthy. Poole Borough F.C. play at Turlin Moor Recreation Ground in Upper Hamworthy. Turlin Moor Recreation Ground is also home to Poole Rugby Football Club.

Leisure
Rockley Park is a caravan-park in western Hamworthy.

Politics
Hamworthy is part of the Poole parliamentary constituency. Hamworthy is also part of the Hamworthy ward which elects 3 councillors to Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole Council.

In 1901 the civil parish had a population of 1084. On 9 November 1905 the parish was abolished and merged with Poole. It is now in the unparished area of Poole.

title: Hamworthy


title: File:TeenTitans5.png


text:
A127 road

The A127, also known as the Southend Arterial Road, is a major road in Essex, England. It was constructed as a new arterial road project in the 1920s, linking Romford with Southend-on-Sea, replacing the older A13. Formerly classified as a trunk road, it was "de-trunked" in 1997. It is known as the Southend Arterial Road except for part of its length in Southend-on-Sea. It is also streetlit for its whole length despite its majority coverage through rural land.

Route
The A127 starts as a turning off the A12 at Gallows Corner in the London Borough of Havering. Traffic heading towards London goes over a flyover and joins the A12 traffic which merges onto the slip-road from the roundabout below, which is where the A127 ends. Traffic heading towards Southend also uses the flyover as well as slip roads. Its first significant junction is a crossroads after 1/2 mi (Squirrels Heath) with Squirrels Heath Road and Ardleigh Green Road. There are traffic lights here, but after that, there are no traffic lights or roundabouts until it enters Southend-on-Sea, though there are a few side turnings.

Major junctions follow the layout similar to motorways, being served by high-level or low-level roundabouts accessed via slip roads, except for the straight flyover at the junction with Hall Lane, Upminster at about 3.5 km east of Gallows Corner. 4 mi after Gallows Corner the A127 crosses the M25 motorway at M25 Junction 29 - the start of slip-roads on the A127, and then immediately crosses into Brentwood. After a couple of minor side road exits, the next major junction is with the A128 Brentwood exit at the Halfway House (pub) near West Horndon, 3 mi east of the M25.

It continues through southern Essex and into the Basildon district. The next junction is 2 mi east of the Halfway House, for the Dunton (Ford centre) and Laindon exit.

1 mi further on there is a junction called the Fortune of War. Originally this site was a roundabout with two exits for local routes around Laindon, with a Happy Eater restaurant and the Fortune of War public house adjacent to the roundabout. Some years ago, Essex County Council tried to improve safety on the route by filling in the middle of the road so the junction is no longer a roundabout, but the road layout still resembles one by not being straight.

After the Fortune of War, the first of the Basildon exits appears immediately, for the A176 to Basildon town centre and hospital, and Billericay. After a couple of exits to Crays Hill, the next junction is over 2 mi on for the A132 Basildon and Wickford exit. London bound there is an exit for the Mayflower Retail Park just past the A132, so traffic Southend bound needs to use the roundabout to head the other way briefly to the Mayflower exit. 2 mi on Southend bound is the junction with the A1245 (old A130) and new A130 Chelmsford/Canvey Island exit. Indeed, the new A130 bridge over the A127 just before this exit is one of only two non-junction bridges on the entire stretch of road (the other being between the Fortune of War and A176, a minor road to Steeple View). 2 mi further on is the A129 exit to Rayleigh and Hadleigh (Rayleigh Weir underpass, built 4 December 1989 to early 1992), which is often the start of congestion in the evenings into Southend. After this, the road soon enters into Southend-on-Sea.

In Southend, at the Kent Elms junction with the A1015 Rayleigh Road, there are traffic lights. The A127 changes its name to Prince Avenue. There is a roundabout (the first since Gallows Corner) and a turn-off for a shopping centre (Tesco). The next roundabout is Cuckoo Corner. The exits to the north and east are both the A1159, to London Southend Airport and Thorpe Bay respectively. However, the A127 turns south and becomes Victoria Avenue.

The A127 terminates in the centre of Southend-on-Sea at a junction with the A13 immediately next to Southend Victoria Station.

History
The A127 was designed as the eastern part of a major new road for vehicular traffic between Wanstead and Southend, the other section being the Eastern Avenue (now the A12). It opened in stages between June and September 1924. The road was formally opened by Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester on 25 March 1925.

Due to initial problems with newly constructed embankments along the line of the road, there were problems with surfacing which subsequently led Clement Attlee to complain that it was "one of the worst pieces of main road in West Essex." The road was not originally dual carriageway, with places being dualled during the 1920s and 1930s. Following concerns about safety, the remainder was dualled in the late 1930s.

During WW2 the A127 was used to store army vehicles and equipment prior to the D-Day invasion of Normandy on 6 June 1944.

The Gallows Corner Flyover, providing a free-flow link between Eastern Avenue and Southend Arterial Road, opened as a temporary link in 1969. The eventual assumption was that the flyover would be replaced by the M12 motorway, which was never constructed.

A127/A1159 Cuckoo Corner & Priory Crescent
In 2000 plans were announced to dual an 800 m stretch of the A1159 comprising Priory Crescent and upgrade the Cuckoo Corner junction connecting it to the A127. The road scheme has faced controversy due to its location over the Royal Saxon tomb in Prittlewell grave site and environmental loss and was the site of an anti-road protest camp known as Camp Bling.

title: A127 road


text:
Carnelian Bay, California

Carnelian Bay (formerly, Cornelian Bay) is an unincorporated community on the shore of Lake Tahoe in Placer County, California, United States. The Cornelian Bay post office operated from 1883 to 1887 and from 1891 to 1893. The Carnelian Bay post office opened in 1908.

For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined Carnelian Bay as a census-designated place (CDP). The census definition of the area may not precisely correspond to local understanding of the area with the same name. The population was 524 at the 2010 census. The elevation is 6325 ft.

Nearby cities and towns include: Tahoe Vista, Brockway, Kings Beach, Crystal Bay, Incline Village, Truckee, Tahoma, Homewood, and Tahoe City. Its ZIP code is 96140 and its area code 530.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP covers an area of 1.3 square miles (3.4 km$2$), 99.82% of it land, and 0.18% of it water.

Demographics
At the 2010 census Carnelian Bay had a population of 524. The population density was 402.0 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Carnelian Bay was 493 (94.1%) White, 1 (0.2%) African American, 4 (0.8%) Native American, 14 (2.7%) Asian, 0 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 1 (0.2%) from other races, and 11 (2.1%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 13 people (2.5%).

The whole population lived in households, no one lived in non-institutionalized group quarters and no one was institutionalized.

There were 256 households, 38 (14.8%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 113 (44.1%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 14 (5.5%) had a female householder with no husband present, 11 (4.3%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 19 (7.4%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 3 (1.2%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 78 households (30.5%) were one person and 26 (10.2%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.05. There were 138 families (53.9% of households); the average family size was 2.45.

The age distribution was 60 people (11.5%) under the age of 18, 39 people (7.4%) aged 18 to 24, 127 people (24.2%) aged 25 to 44, 184 people (35.1%) aged 45 to 64, and 114 people (21.8%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 49.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 126.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 126.3 males.

There were 947 housing units at an average density of 726.5 per square mile, of the occupied units 171 (66.8%) were owner-occupied and 85 (33.2%) were rented. The homeowner vacancy rate was 10.0%; the rental vacancy rate was 7.9%. 345 people (65.8% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 179 people (34.2%) lived in rental housing units.

title: Carnelian Bay, California


text:
Michael Colvin

Michael Keith Beale Colvin (27 September 1932 – 24 February 2000) was a British Conservative Party politician. He was first elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Bristol North West in 1979. From 1983 onwards, he was the MP for Romsey and Waterside constituency in Hampshire, which later became the constituency of Romsey.

Early life and career
Michael Colvin was born in London to Captain Ivan Beale Colvin and Joy Arbuthnot. He had a brother, Alistair Colvin, four years his junior. He was privately educated, firstly at West Downs School in Winchester, and then at Eton College. He then attended the Royal Military Academy at Sandhurst. Joining the Grenadier Guards at 18, he served in Berlin, Suez and Cyprus, and became a captain.

Active in local government at first, he was an elected member of the Tangley parish council, Andover rural district council and Hampshire County Council. He had left Hampshire local government by the mid-1970s.

Policy positions
He won his first parliamentary seat in 1979 in the Bristol North West constituency. He was considered to be one of the "wets", and thus under Margaret Thatcher likely to remain a backbencher.

Colvin showed political ambivalence; he urged the creation of a new centre party, but also called for privatisation of NHS. In 1983, he moved to the newly created seat of Romsey and Waterside, near Southampton. Opposed to bans on foxhunting, Colvin was the chairman of the Council for Country Sports from 1988. Colvin rejected gun-control; he was a leading figure, following the Hungerford and Dunblane massacres in the "gun lobby". In 1989 he sponsored a private member's bill which became the Computer Misuse Act 1990.

Southern Africa
Colvin became the chairman of the Conservative Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs Committee. He supported the South-African-backed anti-SWAPO white forces in Africa and endorsed the Namibia regime in 1981. In his Guardian obituary of Colvin, Andrew Roth wrote that the MP "was also a somewhat secretive former propagandist for apartheid South Africa". He defended the whites of southern Africa, accepting invitations to visit South Africa, then under apartheid, and Bophuthatswana, a Bantustan ('homeland') set up for blacks by the South African government. He urged that the 'homelands', which were not internationally recognised, should be accepted. Although he supported reformist Denis Worrall's election campaign in 1987, the following year he criticised the BBC for broadcasting the concert tribute to Nelson Mandela. Connected to the Strategic Network International (SNI), a lobbyist front set up in 1985 to campaign against the imposition of economic sanctions against South Africa, Colvin was involved in finding sympathetic Conservative MPs to visit the 'homelands' on expenses paid trips. The Conservative activist Derek Laud was involved in SNI and was responsible for recommending Colvin to the group.

In 1991, Colvin became a consultant to SNI (at £10,000 a year), in succession to Neil Hamilton. Colvin, with Conservative colleagues John Carlisle and David Atkinson were among members of SNI sent to watch the peace process in Angola during 1992. SNI dissolved the following year. His consultancy with SNI was not declared, and when the connection became known in 1994, the media linked the issue to then on-going cash-for-questions affair: "It was not registered. It is an oversight which I regret", Colvin said. At this time, among 11 Conservative MPs, he was found by the Commons Select Committee on Members' Interests to have failed to declare, as a Lloyd's 'Name', details of his syndicate's activities, specifically the areas of insurance underwritten. He was a friend to lobbyists such as Ian Greer, more directly implicated in the cash for questions scandal, which led to Hamilton's disgrace. Later, Colvin became a director of the Laud Ludgate lobbying organisation.

Personal life and death
He married Nichola Cayzer, the daughter of Nicholas Cayzer, Baron Cayzer. The couple had three children; two daughters and a son.

Colvin and his wife died in a fire at their house, Tangley House, near Andover in February 2000. The following by-election led to the Liberal Democrat gaining the seat with their candidate Sandra Gidley being elected.

title: Michael Colvin


text: File:Tblaa logo.jpg

title: File:Tblaa logo.jpg