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Talk:Golden Liberty

NPOV Flag for Assessment Section
To my reading, the assessment section is too dismissive of criticisms. Consider this authors points (this book is not cited in the Article): http://books.google.com/books?id=5fQDAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA28&dq=%22golden+liberty%22&lr=&cd=16#v=onepage&q=%22golden%20liberty%22&f=false Chuckb187 (talk) 17:46, 14 March 2010 (UTC)

Name
Is this term actually used in English at all, either to refer to the period of time or to the system of government? I've never seen it except on Wikipedia. john k 21:30, 26 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Good question. I adopted the current name from the old Polish history article. I will check up on this. Perhaps a better name - this one is actually used - would be golden freedoms (pl. "złota wolność). --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 19:15, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * The closest Polish term I seem to recall is Rzeczpospolita szlachecka — "Republic of the Nobles" or "Commonwealth of the Nobles." But "Golden Liberty" (for the Polish Złota Wolność) might convey the spirit of the age even better.  logologist 10:04, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Tnx. I will think about this and make a move (and redirects, oh, again) soon. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 10:26, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Is "Golden Liberty" used in English? Couldn't we have a name which a) clearly indicates that this is about Poland; and b) is actually used in English? john k 19:09, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Google shows 90 hits for Golden Liberty and 400 for Golden Freedom (and 650 for Golden Freedoms). But I trust Logologist feel in translation (unless he changes his mind and wants to move it all to Freedom, I won't object). This is a rare term, but the best translation I can find, unless you recommend using Polish or Latin. Also, Golden Libery is a key term used on Amazon . Google test sample shows that half of uses on the web are non-wiki (10 for top 20 sample, 2 with liberty and 8 for freedom), so the term is in fact used in English, not invented. As I wrote earlier, I have no idea for a better title, I think this is now ok. Feel free to suggest anything. I think this translation of a Polish term is fairly good. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 19:34, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)

== Political privilege The House of Representatives was the supreme power in Poland from 1505 to 1795. Over s million of free citizens lived in Poland by 1615 AD when population of Poland-Lithuania was eleven millions – twice of the population of England at that time.

Poland established a record in the world history of representative government. Every grown up citizen had the right to be a candidate for the throne of Poland in a free and general election. Every man and woman in Poland had the same rights to inherit property. The native legislative process shaped national culture of Poland. ==

Hello all, The Wikipedia pages on the (constitutional) history of Poland seem very well-written and comprehensive. However, I have noticed that a page with a proper history of the evolution of the Polish constitution, incorporating all political privileges known to have been granted, is lacking. Therefore, if no-one disagrees, I will expand this page to describe the evolution of the Polish constitution towards constitutional monarchy through the granting of privileges and statutes. The couple of stubs on individual provileges should redirect here, because there simply isn't enough information about them on Wikipedia to give them standalone pages. Since pages like Polish Constitution link here for historical info, this page should be expanded in this regard anyway. 82.108.174.66 08:21, 22 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Sorry, that was me. Dan TV 08:22, 22 June 2007 (UTC)

 * I am not sure if this page is the best page for it, but certainly such information would be welcomed. Do remember to reference it properly - and I am looking forward to the article.--Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus 19:06, 22 June 2007 (UTC)

The real name of the State is Litva! And the official language in the Grand Principality of Litva was Old Belarusian! PLEASE, WRITE CORRECT NAMES IN THE ARTICLE AND USE THEM !!!
I have a hope that You will agree with me. And I belive that name of each State must be translated for English from the language which the State uses or used. For example: Lietuva - Lithuania, Biełaruś or Беларусь - Belarus, Polska - Poland, Україна - Ukraine, Россия - Russia and etc.

Lithuania is translation from Lithuanian.

Although the Grand Principality of Litva was multi-national State the State language was Old Belarusian: "А писаръ земъский маеть по-руску литерами и словы рускими вси листы, выписы и позвы писати, а не иншимъ езыкомъ и словы." The Statute of GPL 1588. Part 4, article 1.

This article of the Statute of GPL 1588 in contemporary Belarusian: А пісар земскі мае па-руску літарамі і словамі ўсе лісты, выпісы і позвы пісаць, а ня іншым языком і словамі. Only the word "язык" has another equivalent in the modern Belarusian and nowadays used with another meaning.

Not each Ruthenian is Old Belarusian. But the Statutes of GPL and most of State documents in GPL is exactly in Old Belarusian. And it is not Lithuanian for sure:-) And the name of GPL as the Grand Principality of Lithuania is an evident mistake.

The State's name is Grand Principality of Litva.

Wnen Soviet Russia signed agreement with Independent Lithuania in 1920 Lithuanians demanded "to return" their Metrics (archives) of GPL. Famous historic Mitrafan Dounar-Zapolski offered to give Lithuanians ALL DOCUMENTS in Lithuanian. But such documents did not exist. Most of documents were in Old Belarusian, the rest of them were in Polish, Latin and German.

It wasn't exactly Belarusian State. But this nation had dominated. It was rather union of nations.

I think you are patriots and you love your country. You made great job and made nice group. But here you are nationalising history.

So I would appreciate very much if you USE CORRECT NAMES: the Grand Prinsipality of Litva, Polish-Litvian Commonwealth.

Thank you!

P.S. Lithuania is only small half of Litva. And I am sorry but Vilnia is a Lithuanian's town only since 10 October 1939 as a present of Stalin.

Till 1939 Vilnia was a Belarusian cultural center, and the Lithuanians were an ethnical minority there. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 109.243.132.228 (talk) 00:33, 16 June 2010 (UTC)

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Equivocating "democracy" and "republic" notions in the article
Nobles' Democracy is not democracy, it is aristocracy (by def.) "a republic under the presidency of the King" is not a republic, it's a monarchy. Otherwise, elected czars Boris Godunov, Vasilij Shujskij or Mikhail Romanov were the Russian republic presidents too. :-) Brambeus
 * Elections of kings and tsars happen, but only in extreme situations when there is no valid king. In Poland election of kings could happen anytime. In any case, you are contesting an established definition, supported by references to scholarly sources. Of course, "noble republic" is not republic in modern sense. Just as one may say there was no republic in Ancient Greece, because half of population were slaves and another halve were women, all without voice. Lembit Staan (talk) 16:26, 20 May 2021 (UTC)
 * Again one may insist the term republic is used here just for propagandistic needs as  more than half of the population of Rzecz Pospolita were ukrainian and belorussian slaves (chlopy- хлопци).  :-( Brambeus  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.233.220.41 (talk) 15:06, 26 January 2022 (UTC)
 * And the beautiest half of wikipedians certainly would not agree to call Rzecz Pospolita a republic too, it seems to me. Brambeus — Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.233.220.41 (talk) 16:45, 26 January 2022 (UTC)
 * It is the suppression of orthodox christianity and old russian language in Rzecz Pospolita that produced the well known phenomenon of cossacks. Cossacks were orthodox chlops (slaves) fled from their polish (and lithuanian) catholic pans ( lords in polish) to the so called Wild Fields (Дикое Поле). See also Cossack uprisings: weren't these bloody rebellions against Rzecz Pospolita the  direct consequence of the claimed "Golden Liberty", "nobles democracy",  "polish-lithuanian republic" etc ?  Brambeus  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.233.220.41 (talk) 17:46, 26 January 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Golden Liberty


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Jean-Paul Akayesu

Jean-Paul Akayesu (born 1953 in Taba ) is a former teacher, school inspector, and Republican Democratic Movement (MDR) politician from Rwanda, convicted of genocide for his role in inciting the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi.

Life
Akayesu was the mayor of Taba commune in Gitarama prefecture from April 1993 until June 1994.

As mayor, he was responsible for performing executive functions and maintaining order in Taba, meaning he had command of the communal police and any gendarmes assigned to the commune. He was subject only to the prefect. He was considered well-liked and intelligent.

During the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi of mid-1994, many Tutsis were killed in Akayesu's commune, and many others were subject to violence and other forms of hatred. Akayesu not only refrained from stopping the killings, but personally supervised the murder of various Tutsis. He also gave a death list to other Hutus, and ordered house-to-house searches to locate Tutsis.

Trial
Akayesu was arrested in Zambia in October 1995, making Zambia the first African nation to extradite criminals to the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR).

In 1996, Godeliève Mukasarasi was contacted by the United Nations to assist in putting together a case against him. Mukasarasi was intimidated and her husband and daughter were killed but she found four people who were willing to testify. She was given an International Women of Courage Award in 2018 for this and other work.

He stood trial for 15 counts of genocide, crimes against humanity, including rape during the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi and violations of the Geneva Convention. It was the first ever prosecution brought under the auspices of the Genocide Convention. Pierre-Richard Prosper was the lead prosecutor. Akayesu's defence team argued that Akayesu had no part in the killings, and that he had been powerless to stop them. In short, the defence argued, Akayesu was being made a scapegoat for the crimes of the people of Taba.

Despite this defence, the ICTR found him guilty of 9 counts of genocide, numerous crimes against humanity and direct and public incitement to commit genocide; however, he was found not guilty for the counts of complicity in genocide, Article 3 of the Geneva Conventions (war crime), and Article 4(2)(e) of Additional Protocol II to the Geneva Conventions. This was notable in that it was the first time that the 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide was enforced and in doing so clearly differentiated the mental element of the crime Genocide from the mental element in the breaches of the Geneva Conventions. The court clarified that Genocide is a crime of specific intent that takes the accused outside of the scope of armed conflict. On October 2, 1998, Akayesu was sentenced to life imprisonment.

He was represented by Montreal lawyer John Philpot, brother of Parti Québécois politician and author Robin Philpot; this connection later surfaced in the 2007 Quebec general election after statements from Robin Philpot's book Rwanda 1994: Colonialism Dies Hard appearing to deny the extent of the genocide were widely publicized.

Here is the relevant section of the September 1999 United Nations report: Fourth Annual Report of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda to the General Assembly (September 1999)

"Report of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Genocide and Other Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of Rwanda and Rwandan Citizens Responsible for Genocide and Other Such Violations Committed in the Territory of Neighbouring States between 1 January and 31 December 1994":

The Prosecutor v. Jean Paul Akayesu (ICTR-96-4-T)

''14. On 2 September 1998, Trial Chamber I of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, composed of Judges Laïty Kama, Presiding, Lennart Aspegren and Navanethem Pillay, found Jean Paul Akayesu guilty of 9 of the 15 counts proffered against him, including genocide, direct and public incitement to commit genocide and crimes against humanity (extermination, murder, torture, rape and other inhumane acts). Jean Paul Akayesu was found not guilty of the six remaining counts, including the count of complicity in genocide and the counts relating to violations of article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions and of Additional Protocol II thereto.''

15. The Akayesu judgement includes the first interpretation and application by an international court of the 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide.

''16. The Trial Chamber held that rape, which it defined as "a physical invasion of a sexual nature committed on a person under circumstances which are coercive", and sexual assault constitute acts of genocide insofar as they were committed with the intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a targeted group, as such. It found that sexual assault formed an integral part of the process of destroying the Tutsi ethnic group and that the rape was systematic and had been perpetrated against Tutsi women only, manifesting the specific intent required for those acts to constitute genocide.''

17. On 2 September 1998, Jean Paul Akayesu was sentenced to life imprisonment for each of the nine counts, the sentences to run concurrently.

18. Both Jean Paul Akayesu and the Prosecutor have appealed against the judgement rendered by the Trial Chamber.

Akayesu was first transferred to Mali on 9 December 2001 to serve out his sentence, before later being transferred to Benin on 19 December 2020.

The trial is the subject of the 2015 documentary film, The Uncondemned.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Jean-Paul Akayesu


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Category:Britney Spears

This category consists of articles related to American pop singer, songwriter and entertainer, Britney Spears.

title: Category:Britney Spears


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Next-door neighbor

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was redirect. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 03:52, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Next-door neighbor
Delete: Dictionary definition (maybe not, as it is a phrase) with no other content. I let this sit for a couple of days but the original creator did nothing with it. --Durin 21:32, 26 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Neighbourhood, as per the example of neighbor. Meelar (talk) 21:34, May 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text: User talk:203.81.64.34

title: User talk:203.81.64.34


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User:Cereffusion

Cereffusion is an internet personality and blogger. He posts at http://www.imageyenation.com/main

title: User:Cereffusion


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Julius J. Lipner

Julius Lipner (born 11 August 1946), who is of Indo-Czech origin, was Professor of Hinduism and the Comparative Study of Religion at the University of Cambridge.

Early life
Lipner was born and brought up in India, for the most part in West Bengal. After his schooling in India, he obtained a Licentiate in Theology (summa cum laude) in the Pontifical Athenaeum (now Jnana Deepa Vidyapith) in Pune, and then spent two years studying for an M.A. in Indian and Western philosophy at Jadavpur University in Kolkata/Calcutta.

Before taking his final examinations, he was invited by the philosopher Hywel Lewis|H.D. Lewis to undertake doctoral research (under Lewis’ supervision) in the philosophy of the Self with reference to Indian and Western thought, at King's College, University of London.

Career
Lipner obtained his PhD in 1974, and then spent a little over a year as lecturer in Indian religion at the University of Birmingham, before being appointed to Cambridge University in 1975, from where he retired as Professor of Hinduism and the Comparative Study of Religion at the end of 2013. Lipner has numerous publications in his fields of specialism to his credit; these include 12 volumes (authored, co-authored and edited) and more than 80 articles and translations.

He has lectured widely in the UK and abroad, and was appointed visiting scholar and visiting professor in a number of universities both nationally and internationally. He has made a number of radio and TV appearances, and is a member of the editorial board of several international journals. His special fields of study include Vedantic thought, 19th-century Bengal, and inter-cultural and inter-religious understanding, with special reference to the Hindu and Christian traditions. His latest research project has been the theory and practice of Hindu image-worship. Lipner continues to do research and publish.

Lipner is a Fellow Emeritus and former Vice-President of Clare Hall, a postgraduate College of the University of Cambridge. In 2008 he became a Fellow of the British Academy.

Personal life
Lipner married his Bengali wife Anindita in 1971; they have two children and six grandchildren.

Publications
Among his published books are the following—
 * The Face of Truth: a Study of Meaning and Metaphysics in the Vedantic Theology of Ramanuja, 1976; sole author;
 * Hindu Ethics: Purity, Abortion and Euthanasia, 1989; co-author;
 * Brahmabandhab Upadhyay: The Life and Thought of a Revolutionary, 1999; sole author – this book was given the award for the “Best Book in Hindu-Christian Studies 1997-1999” by The Society for Hindu-Christian Studies (affiliated to the American Academy of Religion);
 * Anandamath, or The Sacred Brotherhood, Oxford University Press, 2005; sole translator/author; this book contains a full English translation of Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay|Bankim Chatterji’s famous 19th-century Bengali novel, with an extensive Introduction and Critical Apparatus, and received the A.K. Ramanujan Book Prize for Translation awarded by The South Asia Council of the Association for Asian Studies in the USA;
 * two editions of Hindus: their religious beliefs and practices, 1994 and 2010 (sole author), the second edition being a thoroughly revised and substantially enlarged version of the first
 * Hindu Images and their Worship with special reference to Vaiṣṇavism: A Philosophical-Theological Inquiry, Routledge, 2017; sole author.

title: Julius J. Lipner


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Instrument Soundtrack

Instrument Soundtrack is a 1999 album by American post-hardcore band Fugazi.

Background
It is a mainly instrumental soundtrack for Instrument, the documentary film about the band produced by the band and filmmaker Jem Cohen.

The soundtrack mostly consists of previously unreleased songs and studio outtakes culled from Fugazi's history to that point, as well as seven demo versions of songs from their proper albums (six from 1998's End Hits and one from 1993's In on the Kill Taker).

Of particular note is the song "I'm So Tired", a piano ballad played and sung by Ian MacKaye, which is a significant departure from Fugazi's usual post-hardcore sound.

"Shaken All Over" features the bassline of Johnny Kidd & the Pirates' "Shakin' All Over", as well as MacKaye briefly singing the chorus line with heavy dub echo.

The riff from "Lusty Scripps" was played in Fugazi's final live show, in the break between the main set and the encore.

Covers
"I'm So Tired" has been covered by Fog Lake, Gengahr, Jennylee, Lala Lala, Ultimate Painting, and Eddie Vedder. The song was also covered by Kiki and Herb in their 2016 cabaret show Kiki & Herb: Seeking Asylum! at Joe's Pub.

Reception
Brent DiCrescenzo of Pitchfork gave the album a positive review, describing it as "sound[ing] remarkably playful" and concluding: "For all those who worry that the Fugazi story may be coming to an end, both Instrument and its soundtrack show a band still growing and, in some ways, just getting started." Amy Sciarretto of CMJ New Music Report wrote: "Collecting 18 surprisingly ambient, previously unreleased Fugazi demos and practice tapes, [...] Instrument is Fugazi's most focused attempt at mellowness and subtlety." The New Rolling Stone Album Guide called the album "mostly ragged and unformed, but for confirmed Fugaziphiles, it's a solidly interesting peek into the band's creative process."

MacKaye later said of the album: "Instrument is sort of my favorite record, because those were recorded for us. So none of it was for public consumption. So when you listen back, it's just us practicing, us playing together, and it just sounds relaxed."

Personnel
Fugazi
 * Ian MacKaye – guitar (1, 2, 5, 6, 8, 9, 15–18), keyboards (4), bass (11), piano (12), vocals (7, 10, 12, 17)
 * Guy Picciotto – guitar (1, 3, 6, 8, 10, 13–16, 18), clarinet (2, 7), drum machine & bass drum (3), bass & dehumidifier percussion (13), thumb piano (17), vocals (13, 17)
 * Joe Lally – bass (1, 2, 4–6, 8–10, 15, 16, 18)
 * Brendan Canty – drums (1–4, 6–11, 14–16, 18), guitar & bass (3, 14), melodica (5), vocals (17)

title: Instrument Soundtrack


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User:Harrison.Cruikshank

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. Thue | talk 21:34, 26 May 2005 (UTC)

title: User:Harrison.Cruikshank


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User talk:Chainreaction

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

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title: User talk:Chainreaction


text: File:Fugazi - Instrument Soundtrack cover.jpg


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User talk:Bancroftian747

Please stop adding nonsense to Wikipedia. It is considered vandalism. If you were just trying to experiment, then use the sandbox instead. Thank you. Meelar (talk) 21:42, May 26, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Bancroftian747


text: User talk:82.231.116.142

title: User talk:82.231.116.142


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Talk:Matrimandir

Crystal
What is the identity of the "world's largest crystal" enclosed within the shrine? Quartz, Topaz, etc?

 * According to several seemingly legitimate sites, the "crystal" is actually a "crystal-glass globe"; this link includes a picture. If that's true, Wikipedia's article is probably the result of a poor translation. To be fair, however, it's common to call leaded glass items "crystal" in English, too. -- Hadal 02:50, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

non-NPOV material
I have removed the following material from the article

The reason for doing so is as follows

 * The the Matacom Website represents the opinion of Patrizia Norelli-Bachelet (it is maintained either by her or one of her followers), and is only one point of view (an extreme minority one) regarding the construction of the Matrimadir. So it is not NPOV
 * In any case posting a long block of text like this is a copyright violation.
 * Ms Norelli-Bachelet has also made rather extreme claims about her own spiritual attainment (that she is an avatar equal to Sri Aurobidno and [[the Mother) that (with only one exception on auroconf) no-one takes seriously)
 * I went to the trouble of checking on auroconf, asking people who really were involved with the construction of the Matrimandir, and the uninanomous consensus of everyone at Auroville was that all of these charges are groundless. Also everyone there spoke of the very intense experiences they have had while meditating in the Matrimandir.  If the temple was not built according to plane, it would surely be less likely they would have such experiences
 * there is no evidence for misrepresnetation of Sri Aurobindo's symbol; if you look at the original sources (The Agenda (Mother)) you will discover that in fact the way the Matriomandir was built, and Sri Aurobindo's symbol was built, is the same as the Mother instructed
 * ditto the matter of pillars etc - they have been built exactly as described in The Agenda
 * I also wrote to one person who was involved in the details of the construction of Matrimandir, and he will be presenting evidence (which I will post on my website) proving that the Matrimandir has been built completely according to the Mother's instructions
 * When I have this information posted on my website, I can write something on wikipedia covering the controversy, with references to the appropriate links. Until then I won't, as as Wikipedia is not a fotrum for original research
 * to show that i am interested in both sides of the argument, i have also corresponded with one of Ms Norelli-Bachelet followers and I found her to be a sincere and genuine person. This does not prove that the guru is sincere (nor does it disprove it, in any case I have my own opinion on this), but it shows that (some of) the student(s) are sincere.

M Alan Kazlev 8 July 2005 14:46 (UTC)

non-NPOV material copied from Patrizia Norelli-Bachelet website
The Matrimandir and its Disfigurement

Matrimandir is for our Age what the Great Pyramid of Giza was for the Egyptians. It was to be the greatest feat of sacred architecture the world had ever seen but owing to the unconsciousness of Her followers this sacred temple was never built. What stands in its place in Auroville today is a Shadow of the Mother's vision, and a perversion of the Vedic truth that it represents.

The following is an introduction to the Matacom Website ( http://www.matacom.com ) where you will find a complete account of the deformation of the Mother's Temple and what it was to represent in our present age.

Manifesto

'…But you know, I do not believe in external decisions. I believe simply in one thing: the force of the Consciousness that makes a PRESSURE like this [crushing gesture]. And the Pressure is increasing…Which means that it will sort out the people.' (The Mother, Matrimandir Dialogues, 17.1.1970.)

On this day, 17 January, thirty-three years ago, the Mother left the fate of her extraordinary feat of yogic seeing to the Divine Consciousness, trusting that it would 'sort out the people' who could materialise her special vision of the Matrimandir's inner chamber.

Over these thirty-three years anyone who has come forward in answer to this call and in defence of the Mother's vision and original plan, has met a stone wall, a refusal even to sit together and discuss the issues involved. Meanwhile construction work went on and the chamber was completely disfigured. Yet it was claimed all along that it was being built 'according to the original'.

This atmosphere of falsehood has reached a culmination. The very heart of Sri Aurobindo and the Mother's work The and message was unacceptably disfigured in the Matrimandir when the so-called crystal and stand were set in place. The symbolism of the executing architects' version presents exactly the opposite of the 'sense' the Mother insisted should be respected of her vision. When she insisted on a translucent globe rather than transparent, it was in order that the symbol could bear witness to the Vedic essence of their mission for the world. She stated emphatically that, 'It is all symbolic,' yet the architects deliberately ignored her commands and had a transparent crystal fashioned in Germany in place of the symbolically crucial translucent globe.

Further, the Mother stated that she 'saw' the pedestal with Sri Aurobindo's symbols (four) carved in stone. This too was deliberately and knowingly ignored by the architects and builders. Instead of stone they have created a 'stand' in see-through wrought iron, plated in gold. Nothing of this forms a part of the Mother's original vision, though time and again she insisted, 'But this is what I SAW!'

These, and indeed the entire room, have been altered, though the administration claims that what is built is 'according to the original'. Because of this misrepresentation and its consequences for the Mother's work, the MATRIMANDIR ACTION COMMITTEE has been formed.

Devotees, disciples, donors have all been fooled over the years. They have contributed time, money, energy to construct a 'shadow' of the original, revised according to 'mental ideas', as the Mother warned,

'We will let it sort itself out. Because you see, to accept changes it is necessary that I be certain that the origin of the inspiration is of the same quality as mine…for the building, I know very well that people are needed who know their job and who do the work. But for the inspiration it is necessary that I be certain that the origin of the inspiration be AT LEAST of the same level as mine… And I am not sure, because I saw it so clearly. And immediately with Paolo's ideas I saw the mixture. His ideas are all mental, I can guarantee it because it is easy for me to see that. Well, they bring the same MIXTURE that there is in everything that is done in the world. And that…what is the use in beginning again, again, again…?' (Ibid)

In spite of her clear instructions and even entreaties, and having no one to defend her position in this important issue (all supported the architects, then and now), once she put out this call the Divine Consciousness did indeed 'sort out the people' who could build HER vision; while, on the other hand, the Auroville construction was taken up by men and women incapable not only of understanding sacred geometry and the special symbolism involved, but also lacking the yogic poise that would have permitted them to repose complete faith in the Mother's wisdom in matters well beyond their level of comprehension. Her superior yogic capacity to SEE, to receive the SHRUTI, was entirely disregarded by the architects, builders, and the disciples who were involved in this most important of all the Mother's yogic discoveries. To this day those who are in charge of Auroville have not revealed any capacity to bear witness to the Mother's extraordinary yogic feat. Instead of respect and devotion, the architects and builders have introduced those 'mental' changes, which are now attributed to the Mother herself.

If the revisions had been made public from the very beginning the situation would be less grave. Apart from all else, it is the deception that is serious cause for concern. Why must we, all of us who have vibrated to the original vision and responded to the call, accept the architects' egos as the central symbol of the Chamber in place of the Mother's perfectly poised and integrating soul-power? For this is the difference between her design and what has been built in its place.

What has been set in place in the Matrimandir as 'the Mother's original', describes in symbol form the ego and not the soul.

The time has come for all who have experienced the truth of the Mother's original vision to come forward and expose the reigning falsehood and to demand a reinstatement of the original plan, supported by the Mother's own words to help in the construction of as perfect a reproduction of her vision as is humanly possible.

This Manifesto spells out the objectives of MAC and invites all sincere believers in the Mother's original vision to join hands in this noble endeavour.

It is said that nothing can be done at this point since the shadow-temple is finished and cement and steel now stand in the way of any rectification. This solidity now renders meaningless even any exposure, it is claimed.

We state emphatically that the divine Word, the Shruti, is greater and more powerful than cement and steel. It alone will live on while the shadow-temple fades into oblivion, having been rendered irrelevant by the activities of this Committee. For to quote the Mother,

‘…these are the things men do; they do it more or less well, and then it lives, and then it dies, and then it changes, and then it becomes deformed, and then… - everything they have done. It is not worth it… I LOOK…isn’t it so? Someone gives me a paper as you have just done when you gave me that drawing [the architect’s revisions]; I look in this way and I see very well what in that paper is the result of something from above and what has become mixed and what is… Like that. But one is not going to say it! To begin with, they would not believe me.’ (Ibid)

We, founders of the Matrimandir Action Committee, set our agenda to be:

1) To expose the falsehood surrounding the constructed Matrimandir in that it is being passed off as ‘the Mother’s original’; to reveal the discrepancies between that true original and what has been constructed at Auroville.

2)  To expose the campaign of deception that the builders and presiding authorities of Auroville have been engaging in for the past 30 years to cover up the fact that what has been constructed is entirely the architects’ revised version.

3)  To ensure that the Sri Aurobindo Ashram Trust substantiates this true position, since it has the duty to preserve the Mother’s estate, and that records in the Ashram Archives include the complete history by way of original tapes, plans, etc., as well as the material the Matrimandir Action Committee will place at the Trust’s disposal for posterity, which will prove the conspiracy to deceive on the part of those in charge over the years and their refusal to listen to those qualified to give an opinion in these matters.

4) To highlight by articles, books, websites through the electronic media, and all other means of diffusion, the value of the Mother’s vision and the place it holds in Sri Aurobindo’s work as the most valuable legacy the Mother has left to humanity, comparable in importance to Sri Aurobindo’s Savitri. And in the process to expose through these media the truth about the  architects’ revised version.

We, of Matrimandir Action Committee in India and throughout the world, will hold responsible and take to task anyone from 1970 to the present who has been instrumental in what has happened to the Mother’s yogic vision. This includes the Government of India that now owns Auroville, the Ministry for Human Resources Development and the Department of Education; the Governing bodies of Auroville with their presiding officials and appointed members; the architects and builders. They are all accountable to the people since they have been and continue to be party to the disfigurement and the deception involving the Mother’s sacred inspired Word, the divine Shruti of a new vedi.

Signed this day, 17 January 2003, at Skambha by the Founding Members of MAC

The complete story of the deformation of the Mother’s sacred Temple may be found at http://www.matacom.com

--

Neutral Point of View
to User: M Alan Kazlev|M Alan Kazlev I have put mention of Patrizia Norelli-Bachelet's work back on this site. It is written in a NPOV (Neutral Point of View) style. This is factual information. Why should readers not have access to this VIEW? It is a significant VIEW regarding the Matrimandir. It is a significant controversy. Just because some people would rather not admit there is this very real controversy underway, why does that mean readers can't have access to both sides of the controversy, rather than just to deny all.

With regard to this statement: "Ms Norelli-Bachelet has also made rather extreme claims about her own spiritual attainment (that she is an avatar equal to Sri Aurobidno and [[the Mother) that (with only one exception on auroconf) no-one takes seriously)" made below. That is an opinion. Norelli-Bachelet's books are now being sold in Pondicherry and there are plenty of people who find her claims credible. Who are you to judge whether this woman's claims should be taken seriously and reviewed by a larger audience. Really the truth is that someone is claiming to be continuing Sri Aurobindo and the Mother's work, and THAT alone is fact, that alone should be noted. Who cares if you believe it or not? Who are you to try to control whether or not people see her side of the story? You can present your side. FINE. But you have no right to block the fact of Patrizia's work on this matter. She has been involved with the temple since 1973, perhaps some people are interested in what she has to say. You have no right to edit this important information off this page, just because you do not subscribe to its validity. User:Lori Tompkins

 * Hi Lori. To answer your concerns:

 * (1) the Matrimandir design. I was originally for many years very sympathetic to PNB, ever since seeing her claim in the Aeon book, and not knowing the other side of the argument.  But I discussed this (and in fact for a while argued PNB's case, which certainly put me in the minority!) with people on Auroconf by people who were actually there at the time, also I have corresponded with one guy who was involved in every stage of the construction.  Moreover, I have checked the original Agenda material that according to PNB "proves" that the Matrimandr was not built according to the Mother's instructions, and could find no evidence in the Agenda that the original plan laid out by the Mother was any different to the Matrimandir building.

 * (2) PNB's claims being considered credible - not on auroconf. For me to say no-one on auroconf takes her claims seriously is not my opinion, as it can be confirmed, by either inquiring there yourself, or checking the mail list archives.  But as i cannot speak for the rest of the Sri Aurobindo community, I concede that that sentence was badly worded.

 * (3) PNB's books sold at Pomdicherry. Sure, but what does that prove?

 * (4) PNB carrying on the Mother's work. I have already acknowledged this.  If you go to the page on the Mother you will find that I have included PNB in the list of important disciples.  If you find my wording there is inaccurate or biased, I encourage you to edit it so it is more NPOV

 * (5) I really have no problem with the edits you made to the Matrimandir page. In fact it seems very well written and I for obne consider it enhances the page.  So I don't know what the fuss here is about, other than to have a rant at me because you feel your guru has been slighted.

 * In fact, I have noticed the same tendency in arguments between supporters and opponents of controversial gurus elsewhere - e.g. Sai Baba, Da Free John, etc. People would rather rant and rave at each other, than discuss their concerns as reasonable adults.  As you as a student of Sri Aurobindo and the Mother (and I am assuming you are, even if PNB is your Guru) well know, this is a result of an over-active vital, rather than true guidance from the psychic being.  I have seen this time after time.  And I have seen how much pointless antagonism it causes on both sides.

 * So if you can present PNB's teachings from an NPOV, I have no problem with that. My only concern is that the other side of the case be presented as well.  This is what we are trying to do with the Sai Baba article, although it is very difficult because supporters and opponents of Sai Baba are at each other's throats, and have been for a very long time.  See Talk:Sathya Sai Baba, including the archives.

 * In my original brief write-up on PNB I tried to genuinely present both sides of the case. Since then, more material has been added, and the page is quite favourable to PNB.  If this current page, or any related page, is not sufficiently NPOV I welcome your input.  The role of wikipedia however is not to prove the blamelessness of a controversial guru, or to prove their guilt either.  It is simply to report what notable sources from both or all sides say, without making dogmatic statements of its own.  Please see Wikipedia policies and guidelines

 * Finally, I have placed our conversation at the bottom of the page, so everythiung can be in chronological order, otherwise it is confusing following the discussion of this page.

 * M Alan Kazlev 22:11, 19 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Hi Alan,

I am just tired of people editing her out of these pages concerning Sri Aurobindo, the Mother, the Matrimandir... that is what the fuss is about. If you let this side of the story be expressed in the appropriate pages, then I will not be antagonistic. You presented her work as something not to be taken seriously and that is hard for me not to react to. I do understand that most do not get the connection between her work and Sri Aurobindo's and the Mother's, and a lot of that is just the reality of what people can or can't digest of her work, but I also know that there has been a repression and animosity towards her work. When I visited Pondicherry in 2000, I did not know of PNB and after 2 weeks there, and constantly being in bookstores and in the Ashram and such, there was no word of the important claims of PNB. The fact that her books are now in bookstores in Pondicherry says a lot in my view. There are people there who want to put her work forward, rather than destroying copies as was done with 2000 copies of "The New Way, Volumes 1&2" which detail the distortions of the Matrimandir (which would be a good read for you if you want more to go on in deciding that her claims about the dimensions of the Matrimandir are false).

When I left Pondicherry, I "happened" to travel to Kodaikanal in my journey (where PNB went to livea after leaving the Ashram in 1980), and then "happened" on "The Gnostic Circle" back in San Francisco a month later, stunned to find that there was a continuation of the work, and amazed that no one had mentioned this in Pondicherry. After many years of studing the Supramental Descent of the Mother and Sri Aurobindo and doing my own yoga, to me the continuity of her work with theirs was clear.

I have some sympathy for those to who this connection is not clear. One of course cannont force these things. I continually struggle with how I put forth these concerns, because I know how important these issues are, and PNB once repremanded me, "you cannot harrange people". Every one has their roles and each plays his part in the unfolding Truth of Being ... I do wish more would understand the Beauty of what is being offered in PNB's work. It seems a tragedy to me, but meanwhile, that is just the way it is, for now.

Another thing you'll notice that I added to the page was that the Matrimandir Action Committee's concerns, have been accepted into the Archive departments of both the Ashram and in Auroville. These are not small accomplishments and reflect the growing reality that people are either taking PNB's claims more seriously or at least agreeing to present the claims on fair ground for all to see. I think it is good progress for all concerned. Thank you for your gracious reply.
 * User:Lori Tompkins

 * Hi Lori

 * thanks for replying and clarifying things.

 * I agree that PNB has some interesting things to say, although i cannot accept her avatar claims, but that's just me. And it's good that you're able to write up about what she is saying on wikipedia.

 * Although I always try to look at both sides as honestly and fairly as i can; inevitably (if one is not sufficently familar with the subject) one will be swayed by a majority opinion. I certainly don't want to be closed-minded towards PNB.  I do need to one day get hold of and read the New Way books.

 * my original objection re the PNB material on the Matrimandir page was that it was such a large body of text that I felt it was overwhelming the otherwise very stubby page (this was the text i moved to this Talk page). Perhaps this text can be put up on a separate wikipage.  i think the edits you've made to the page are excellent though.

 * I just started a new category page Category:Patrizia Norelli-Bachelet, so you can link all the PNB pages there.  Also feel free to edit that page however you want

 * re your PNB template, I would be surprised if it's wiki policy to include external links in a wiki template. But what you can do is write a wiki page on each topic, and have the external links there.   e.g. a wikipage on each of the books, on the MAC, etc.  The "Important Articles" links should probably go in the links section on the most approprate wikipage.

 * best regards
 * M Alan Kazlev 01:28, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

Thanks Alan, good suggestions. Lori

Abuse claims
I added this which is shocking to conscience: Called the giant golden golf ball, The Matrimandir is surrounded by carefully manicured lawns, where visitors are allowed only by special appointment. A place where there were no rules, no leaders and no money, children are sexually exploited.news.bbc.co.uk, Indian town's sex abuse claims It was finished only in 2008, for the 40th anniversary. In 1968 the original plan was for a city of 50,000, but today, only 2,000 people live there, two thirds of them Westerners. Aurovillians receive a small maintenance grant, partly from the Indian government, but they are obliged to work daily for few hours. A middle-aged Frenchman called Gilles stated that: "They are allowed to get away with whatever they like, including paying our children to have sex with them, and we are powerless to complain." However, Auroville employs 4000 people, runs schools for local children and had reforested large barren areas.news.bbc.co.uk, Local concerns over Indian utopia --Florentino floro (talk) 11:31, 24 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Are you referring to those gardens just outside?(I haven't been there, but I've read about the gardens set up as embodiments of spiritual themes. These abuse claims that you have made are merely unsubstantiated claims, they have been refuted by the working committee and members of Auroville http://www.auroville.org/wc_statement_on_bbc_broadcast.htm, you can find statements by other members such as Karan Singh, etc.Domsta333 (talk) 13:32, 4 July 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20050617084623/http://www.auroville.org/thecity/matrimandir/mm_main.htm to http://www.auroville.org/thecity/matrimandir/mm_main.htm

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No particular religion
"Matrimandir does not belong to any particular religion or section"

It clearly belongs to the Sri Aurobindo group. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2.99.193.146 (talk) 15:45, 26 February 2019 (UTC)

Cost of construction
Recently the cost of construction was edited from "1 trillion rupees" (12 billion USD) to "10 rupees". Neither figures seem accurate.

The only figured that I could find online is that the cost of the dome alone was budgeted to be 1 crore rupees in 1971. With inflation, this is equivalent to 49 crore rupees in 2023, or around 6 million USD. There's also the likelihood that it went over budget by the time it was completed in 2008.

--Jay.Jarosz (talk) 19:20, 1 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Matrimandir


text:
Mehdi Nafti

Mehdi Ben Sadok Nafti (مهدي النفطي; born 28 November 1978) is a Tunisian football manager and former player.

Nafti played as a defensive midfielder for Toulouse, Racing Santander, Birmingham City, Aris, Valladolid, Murcia and Cádiz. He was born in France, and won 46 caps for Tunisia, representing the nation at the 2006 World Cup and three Africa Cup of Nations tournaments.

After retiring as a player he went into coaching, working mainly in Spain. He managed Lugo, Leganés and Levante in the Segunda División.

Club
Born in Toulouse, France, Nafti made his professional debut with his hometown club, Toulouse FC. He was used sparingly during a three-year spell, and also played several games with the reserves. His best season was 1999–2000, as he appeared in 13 games and scored once to help the team return to Ligue 1 after one year of absence.

In summer 2000, Nafti joined Racing de Santander in La Liga and, as in his previous club, started his stint appearing for the B-team. In the 2000–01 season he played in just three games for the main squad, which was eventually relegated, then proceeded to become a very important midfield element for the Cantabrians in the following three years, whilst collecting 41 yellow cards and three red.

Nafti was signed on loan by Birmingham City in the final minutes of the January 2005 transfer window, making his Premier League debut on 5 February in a 2–0 loss away to Manchester United in which he started and was booked. Sometimes referred to as "Nasty" due to his fiery nature and tendency for cautions, he was primarily signed to replace the outgoing Robbie Savage, and finished the season strongly, which led to a permanent deal being agreed in the summer.

Nafti's 2005–06 campaign came to end before it had even begun, with a severe injury to his cruciate ligaments in a friendly with Deportivo La Coruña in early August 2005. He recovered sooner than expected, and was able to start the last match of the season, a 1–0 loss at Bolton Wanderers, with relegation already confirmed.

After having appeared in 32 games in 2006–07 to help Birmingham return to the top division, Nafti scored his first goal for them on 13 August 2008, in a 4–0 win against Wycombe Wanderers in the 2008–09 League Cup. In June 2009, after the club chose not to renew his contract, he signed a two-year deal with Aris Thessaloniki in Greece.

On 12 September 2009, Nafti scored the only goal of the home match against PAS Giannina to put Aris top of the Superleague Greece after three matches. He finished his debut season with four goals from 22 league games, as Aris finished fifth.

During the January 2011 transfer window, the 32-year-old Nafti left Aris and returned to Spain, signing an 18-month contract with Segunda División club Real Valladolid. He spent the 2012–13 season with Real Murcia, helping them avoid relegation from the second tier, and had considered retiring from the game before dropping down a division to sign for Cádiz. He established himself in the latter team but was also troubled by injury, and after they signed midfielder Jon Ander Garrido in the January 2014 transfer window, Nafti's contract was cancelled.

International
A Tunisia international since 2002, Nafti represented the nation in three Africa Cup of Nations tournaments, helping it win the 2004 edition played on home soil. He then appeared in the 2005 FIFA Confederations Cup, playing against Australia (2–0 win) and Germany (3–0 loss).

Nafti was selected for the squad that competed in the 2006 FIFA World Cup in Germany, appearing in all three matches as Tunisia exited in the group stage. The previous 4 June, he scored his only international goal to equalise in a 3–1 qualifying win away to Botswana.

Coaching career
On 10 June 2016, Nafti was given his first managerial job, at Segunda División B club Marbella FC, despite reportedly not possessing the licence required to manage at that level. After a series of poor results, he was fired on 7 March 2017.

Nafti was hired by another Segunda B club, Mérida AD, on 27 June 2017; he lasted until 20 December. The following 12 March, after the resignation of his successor, Loren, he returned to the Estadio Romano as manager, but left at the end of the season after failing to prevent their relegation.

In October 2018, Nafti took over as manager of CD Badajoz, also of the third division, until the end of the season. In the 2019–20 season, his team eliminated UD Las Palmas (second tier) and SD Eibar (top flight) from the Copa del Rey before an extra-time loss to Granada CF in the last 16. He was dismissed on 4 February 2020 with the team fourth in the league.

On 9 October 2020, Nafti was announced as manager of Étoile Sportive du Sahel in his home nation, but returned to Spain five days later, after being appointed in charge of second division side CD Lugo. He was sacked from the latter club the following 28 February, after a 1–4 loss to UD Almería.

Nafti replaced sacked Asier Garitano at the helm of CD Leganés, also in the Spanish second division, on 31 October 2021. He left the following 5 June, as his contract would not be renewed. A week after leaving Leganés, Nafti signed a one-year contract with newly relegated Levante UD. He was sacked on 10 October 2022, having won twice and taken ten points from nine games.

On 2 January 2023, Nafti was hired to replace Hussein Ammouta as manager of African champions Wydad AC of Morocco. His debut three days later in the Botola was a 2–1 loss at SCC Mohammédia. The following month he led the club at the 2022 FIFA Club World Cup on home soil, being eliminated in their first match by Al Hilal SFC on penalties. On 26 February, he was replaced by Juan Carlos Garrido.

On 5 December 2023, Nafti returned to Spain and replaced Fran Fernández at the helm of AD Alcorcón, also in the second division. The following 3 June, after suffering relegation, he left the club.

International

 * Source:

 * }

Honours
Tunisia
 * Africa Cup of Nations: 2004

title: Mehdi Nafti


text:
Talk:Charles Martel of Anjou

Untitled
Charles Martel was not the son of Charles II and Maris of Hungary. He was the son of Pepin II and his concubine, either Alpaide, Alpais, or Elphide (Chalpaida).

This listing is in error.
 * The foregoing comment was apparently due to a confusion between this person and Charles Martel of France. There are now separate articles for the two personages. Ellsworth 14:54, 13 May 2006 (UTC)

…It states there that for 8th century charles martel.

We all make mistakes. I some how come up with stuff like this. Currious it seems that the name may have started with the 700's of Charles, though not so since the representation is in course with the meanings Carl and Man meaning the same. Allthough i find it greatly interesting how Maritel and man somehow may have the respected invitation as well. And how Martel and maritel have much in common. If this is correct, it must of been greatly worthy of to be Illegidement.24.60.218.27 (talk) 08:52, 30 August 2008 (UTC)

…Remember Charles Martel, and Charles Martel of Anjou it's kind of like saying DeLancey De Lancey or just Lancey sometimes it goes like de Lancey and if it is together as of deLancey thats realy modern and if it is delancey with yes small L then thats a more seperated diversion though it varies sometimes vowels are missing. I guess it is all on the Art Economics History of the name. and respectively there are many chalres whom have relation with each other from long ago and their names being the same meaning have different spelling. But i'll tell you Charles is a great nameing degree and all because it meant a being, literally. My research continues. Charles the short, i've been doing research on the name Short. Maybe when i get a bit more clearer i'll submit something. I actually had it typed out earlier, though deleeted it by accitent. It had to do with Family and how seperation was in the formalities of peerage.

Till Next TimeDavid George DeLancey (talk) 09:07, 30 August 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Charles Martel of Anjou


text: User talk:69.249.59.223

title: User talk:69.249.59.223


text:
User talk:Afive

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Follow the Simplified Ruleset
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

Meelar (talk) 21:40, May 26, 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Generally, we avoid creating articles on individual pieces of slang, unless they're extremely notable. HTH.

title: User talk:Afive


text:
Nicorette

Nicorette is the brand name of a number of products for nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) that contain nicotine polacrilex. Developed in the late 1970s in Sweden by in the form of a chewing gum, Nicorette was the first nicotine replacement product on the market.

The product range encompasses chewing gum,   lozenges,  patches of two kinds (transparent and non-transparent), oral spray (Nicorette QuickMist), inhalator,  sublingual tablets (Nicorette Microtab) and nasal spray.

Nicotine replacement products including gum and transdermal patches are on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

The brand name "Nicorette" comes from "nicotine" and rette, "right way".

Medical uses
Nicorette products are indicated for the relief of withdrawal symptoms associated with nicotine withdrawal and to aid in smoking cessation. It is suggested that Nicorette products should be used in "conjunction with a behavioural support programme".

Prior to 2005, nicotine products in Britain were only licensed to "assist smokers who were making an immediate and complete quit attempt". Following advice from a working group set up by the Committee on Safety of Medicines (since 2005, the Commission on Human Medicines) the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) concluded that nicotine replacement therapy products should be used also by those who are unable to stop abruptly.

Nicorette products in the UK are indicated to:
 * relieve craving (the urge to smoke),
 * relieve withdrawal symptoms (irritability, impatience; difficulty in concentrating),
 * improve the likelihood of a successful abrupt quit attempt,
 * reduce the amount smoked in those not immediately motivated to quit.

The products are intended for adults and children over 12 years of age as well as pregnant and lactating women (it has been concluded that "the use of NRT in pregnancy does not give undue concern and any harm caused by nicotine replacement must be compared with that caused by continued smoking – which is extremely harmful to both the woman and her child". )

Nicorette, like all other nicotine replacement therapy products, are most beneficial for heavy smokers (more than 15 cigarettes per day). There are not enough studies to show that nicotine replacement therapy helps those who smoke fewer than 10 cigarettes per day.

Contraindications
The typical contraindication (reason to not use) for Nicorette products is hypersensitivity to nicotine.

Cardiovascular disease was considered to be a contraindication to nicotine replacement therapy products. However, in 2003, the French Agency for the Safety of Health Products (AFSSAPS) removed all cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease contraindications. In 2005, the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency followed suit. The rationale is that the benefit of nicotine replacement therapy outweighs the risks of nicotine medication, even in smokers with cardiovascular disease.

In 2013, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) stated that the contraindication concerning usage of nicotine replacement therapy products while smoking is no longer valid.

The FDA approved labeling for Nicorette products with a warning concerning pregnancy and breastfeeding: "This medicine is believed to be safer than smoking. However, the risks to your child from this medicine are not fully known". The FDA suggests not using Nicorette products if the patient continues to smoke, or use chewing tobacco, snuff or other nicotine-containing products.

The FDA advises consulting a doctor before using the product if the patient previously had: Specific contraindications listed by the FDA for various formats include sodium-restricted diet, stomach ulcer of diabetes (for gums and lozenges), or an allergy to adhesive tape or skin problems (for patches).
 * heart disease, recent heart attack, or irregular heartbeat,
 * high blood pressure,
 * taken a prescription medicine for depression or asthma.

The FDA suggests stopping use of Nicorette products in cases of irregular heartbeat or palpitations, symptoms of nicotine overdose (nausea, vomiting, dizziness, weakness, and rapid heartbeat) or skin redness caused by the patch.

Gum
Nicorette chewing gum releases nicotine while chewing. Nicotine then is absorbed across the oral mucosa into the systemic circulation. Patients are advised to chew the gum slowly and intermittently to avoid the risk of releasing too much nicotine. It is also suggested not to eat or drink while chewing since foods and beverages can reduce nicotine absorption.

Nicorette chewing gum is available in two strengths: 2 mg/piece and 4 mg/piece. Dosing would depend on the degree of nicotine dependence: light smokers should use 2 mg gum, heavy smokers (more than 25 cigarettes a day) should use 4 mg gum. Patients should chew gum once they feel the craving. FDA limits maximum daily amount of 2 mg gum pieces to 24 pieces.

Patch
The patches provide slow absorption of nicotine into blood within the day and work for 16 hours. They are usually applied in the morning and removed at bedtime.

The patch supports smoking cessation within 12 week programme: 25 mg patch (25 mg nicotine over 16 hours) for eight weeks (Step 1), 15 mg patch for two weeks (Step 2), 10 mg patch for the last two weeks (Step 3). Light smokers (less than 10 cigarettes per day) were recommended to start at Step 2 (15 mg) for eight weeks and reduce the dose to 10 mg for the last four weeks.

Microtab
Microtab supplies nicotine to the body by mouth. It is different from the chewing gum because instead of chewing the patient should allow the tablet to dissolve slowly under the tongue (the tablet dissolves in about 20-30 minutes). The action is similar to 2 mg nicotine gum.

Microtabs are used either for smoking cessation or smoking reduction. For smoking cessation the standard dose is one tablet (2 mg) per hour for patients who smoke less than 20 cigarettes per day. When the craving is strong two tablets can be taken instead of one. Most patients require between 8 and 24 tablets per day. British Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency recommends not to exceed 40 tablets per day limit. Treatment should be stopped when daily consumption is around 1-2 tablets per day.

Spray
A spray of nicotine is available. Tentative evidence supports that it is better than a placebo. MHRA suggests not to use more than 2 sprays at a time, up to 4 sprays per hour and no more than 64 sprays per 24 hours period.

Nicotine gum
The Nicorette brand started with a nicotine gum developed in Helsingborg (Sweden) by the company Leo AB, later part of Pharmacia & Upjohn. It was the first product for nicotine replacement therapy and gained its inventor, Ove Fernö, titles like "the founding father of modern pharmacotherapy for smoking".

In December 1967, Fernö, Vice President of Research and Development at AB Leo,  received a mail from his friend Dr. Claes Lundgren at the Department of Aviation Medicine at the Physiological Institute of Lund University, suggesting he develop an orally consumed substitute for tobacco. He and his colleague Stefan Lichtneckert noted how submariners and aviation crews switched from cigarettes to chewing tobacco and snus when smoking was not possible. They also suggested the product name "Nicorette". Fernö began experimenting with nicotine gum in 1969, and quit smoking himself after one year of use.

The first nicotine chewing gum was produced at AB Leo in 1971. The innovation was in the use of ion-exchange resin (polacrilex) in order to control the rate of release of nicotine during chewing. Fernö explained, "Putting nicotine into chewing gum is not an invention. Fixing the nicotine to an ion exchange resin and putting that in a chewing gum to enable the chewer to control the rate of release—that is an invention". The same year Håkan Westling, Professor of Clinical Physiology at Lund University, started the first clinical trials of the gum as an aid to smoking cessation at the university hospital. His findings were presented at the Second World Conference on Smoking and Health in London and were published in 1973, in the journal Psychopharmacologia together with an article by Fernö.

Nicotine chewing gum was presented at the Third World Conference on Smoking and Health in New York in 1975, by Fernö in partnership with the British researcher Michael Russell from the Institute of Psychiatry, who pioneered the measurement of blood nicotine levels. Russell and his colleagues at the Addiction Research Unit at the Institute of Psychiatry became involved in further research into nicotine gum through randomised controlled trials funded by the British Medical Research Council and the UK Department of Health and Social Security.

Nicorette was registered as a drug in Switzerland in 1978, in Canada in 1979, and in the UK in 1980. It was registered in Sweden in 1981. Initially the Swedish Medical Products Agency declined to approve Nicorette as a medicine because it considered smoking not an addiction, but a lifestyle choice; and the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare regarded orally consumed nicotine products not as medicine but as foodstuffs.

In January 1984, Nicorette chewing gum was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration after a 34-month review. It was brought to the US market by Marion Merrell Dow under licence from AB Leo.

In 2016, it was the third biggest selling branded over-the-counter medication sold in Great Britain, with sales of £66.0 million.

Further product
The Nicorette Patch was introduced to the market in 1991 and the nasal spray in 1994.

In 1996, the FDA approved the switch of Nicorette gum and the NicoDerm CQ transdermal nicotine patch to over-the-counter status in the US.

The Nicorette inhaler was launched in 1996 and Nicorette Microtab (sublingual tablets) in 1999.

In 2002, the FDA changed the status of Commit lozenges to over the counter in the US.

In 2004, Nicorette launched Peppermint, the first coated nicotine gum. A shell coating containing a sugar substitute (xylitol) and flavouring masks the nicotine taste. In 2005, Nicorette introduced Fresh Mint chewing gum.

In December 2008, Nicorette introduced a new semi-transparent nicotine patch under the trade name "Invisipatch". As stated by the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, in addition to this more discreet patch to encourage better customer compliance, new Nicorette transdermal patches have been developed to: reduce patch size; add a higher dosage strength of 25 mg of nicotine to the previously available 5, 10 and 15 mg; and increase the proportion of bioavailable nicotine).

In 2009, Nicorette introduced "Icy White" chewing gum with teeth whitening and Nicorette Mentolmint, a chewing gum with softer menthol taste.

At the end of November 2010, Nicorette introduced QuickMist 1 mg mouthspray, which provides more rapid absorption of nicotine than lozenges or gum.

In January 2011, Nicorette UK launched the ActiveStop mobile app for iOS featuring target setting, a wish list, distractions, achievement sharing, information and games.

Yacht race sponsorship
Nicorette has been sponsoring yacht racing since 1993 when it partnered with Ludde Ingvall, a Finnish-Australian sailor who started a non-smoking team in 1991.

The tobacco companies were ousted from land-based sports due to legislation that stopped them from promoting themselves in other sports… They all realized that yachting is in international waters, under a totally different legal framework, and they all started to sponsor yachts… I was absolutely furious when yachts (with names of tobacco companies) started arriving on the scene… I thought it was unfair that they were using my sport. It's a green sport, it's a healthy sport ... it is not a sport to be hijacked.

In 1995, the Nicorette team was banned from the Cape to Rio Race, sponsored by the tobacco company Rothmans. The captain of "Nicorette" protested against the decision, saying that "Rothmans is scared of the boat and the healthy lifestyle it seeks to promote". A spokesperson for the organizing committee of the race later admitted that the yacht was barred because they considered the product to be in competition with the sponsor's product. In the same year the yacht won the Fastnet Race.

In 1997, the yacht broke the Transatlantic mono-hull record, covering the route from New York City to Lizard Point (Great Britain) in 11 days 13:22.58. Second and third generations of the yacht won the Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race in 2000 and 2004.

Car race sponsorship
During the 90s Nicorette (GlaxoSmithKline) sponsored Dennis Vitolo (ex-smoker) in Payton Coyne Racing and The Grand Prix of Miami. In 2005, the brand entered NASCAR race sponsorship with Casey Mears. Since 2006, Nicorette is sponsoring Hendrick Motorsports with Jeff Gordon's car. The brand also runs the Nicorette's Quit Crew program to help racers quit smoking.

It was reported that the brand supports car races because NASCAR fans are heavy smokers.

title: Nicorette


text:
Talk:Joachim Raff

Untitled
There is a mistake in this article. Symphony No. 3 is the "In the Forest," Symphony No. 5 is the "Lenore," and Symphony No. 1 is "To the Fatherland," or in German, "An das Vaterland."

 * Agreed. Schissel : bowl listen 22:33, May 26, 2005 (UTC)

I've had some trouble translating the following works from de:

*Overtüre aus "Der Sturm" v. Shakespeare *Overtüre aus "Othello" v. Shakespeare *Overtüre aus "Macbeth" v. Shakespeare *Overtüre aus "Romeo und Julia" v. Shakespeare * König Alfred (Text: Gotthold Logau), große heroische Oper in 4 Akten, WoO 14, 1848-50 * Samson (Text: Joachim Raff, 1851-52), musikalisches Trauerspiel in 5 Akten, WoO.21, 1853-57, rev.: 1865, unveröffentlicht * Die Parole (Text: Joachim Raff unter dem Pseudonym Arnold Börner, 1867), komische Oper in 3 Akten, WoO 30, 1868, unveröffentlicht * Dame Kobold (Text: Paul Reber nach Calderon), gewidmet der Großherzogin Sopie von Sachsen Weimar, komische Oper in 3 Akten, op.154, 1869 * Benedetto Marcello (Kunst und Liebe), (Text: Joachim Raff, 1875), lyrische Oper in 3 Akten, WoO47, 1877-78 * Die Eifersüchtigen (Text: Joachim Raff, 1880), Komische Oper in 3 Akten, WoO 55, 1881-82, unveröffentlicht
 * Other orchestral works:
 * Operas

Could someone help? --Missmarple 20:47, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

 * The first few, anyway- The Tempest, Othello, Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet concert overtures. Recently recorded- for W A Albert for cpo?
 * Operas- King Alfred, Samson, Dame Kobold (a Calderon play- hrm, libretto by Paul Reber after Calderon rather also turned into an opera by Felix Weingartner, and the subject of an overture of Reinecke), Benedetto Marcello, can't help you with the other two. Ok- true, I'm not sure what a heroische Oper is either, though- never heard of a heroic opera- but seems it would be a common enough term. Will ask someone... (not a tragedy, nor a comedy, nor a lyric opera... hrm! a question. (Some information can be found at www.raff.org of course.) Ah! http://www.raff.org/cat_opra.htm has the information in English.  Eifersuchtigen is the Jealous Ones, e.g., and the rest is translated as well. Schissel-nonLop! 18:40, 21 February 2006 (UTC)

Brothers
One of Joachim Raff's two brothers, Joseph Kaspar Raff (1831–1893), emigrated to the United States and became a performer and composer, moving to New York, to Scranton, PA and then to Owego, NY. His works several times appeared under the name Joseph Raff (several have been scanned in at the Library of Congress and other websites, some appear at IMSLP, and also in Library catalogs. Since Joachim Raff's full name was Joseph Joachim Raff, this has several times led to these works being catalogued under Kaspar's somewhat more famous brother's name, as previously-unknown examples of his muse.) They were mostly published at a time when Joachim Raff had yet to make his European breakthrough (with e.g. his first symphony), and in another country (the USA); so a deliberate attempt to defraud seems (to me) quite unlikely (besides, he had indeed changed his name to Joseph C. Raff (C for Caspar), making his middle name an initial). There is a biography of Joseph Kaspar Raff here at raff.org. Schissel | Sound the Note! 23:44, 4 December 2011 (UTC)

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Shouldn't it be "Swiss-German"
Since he was born in Switzerland and did his first, and his first published, works while living in Switzerland, and his first jobs were also in Switzerland, shouldn't his 'nationality' be either just "Swiss" or "Swiss-German"?

Just curious. 2600:8800:784:8F00:C23F:D5FF:FEC4:D51D (talk) 04:56, 28 January 2019 (UTC)
 * Yes, a very good question. I've always been under the impression that if a composer was born in one country and composed music there, then emigrated to another country to work there, then the composer's country of birth should come first. Is this correct? Or am I completely missing the point? Erzahler (talk) 03:06, 14 October 2022 (UTC)

Similarities to Wagner
I’m surprised that even though Raff and Wagner were pretty much contemporaries, they composed within the same (Germanic ) bounds and had to be aware of the other’s music. that the reviews don’t mention how one influenced the other, stylistic similarities (the emotional components, the repetition of climax building within a piece without culmination), and other topics baffles me. I’d never heard of Raff before. Now I want to write a dissertation. Or a fb post. 2601:647:CA00:3480:50C2:592:EAF2:3F30 (talk) 01:21, 3 March 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Joachim Raff


text:
Cryogenic hardening

Cryogenic hardening is a cryogenic treatment process where the material is cooled to approximately −185 C, usually using liquid nitrogen. It can have a profound effect on the mechanical properties of certain steels, provided their composition and prior heat treatment are such that they retain some austenite at room temperature. It is designed to increase the amount of martensite in the steel's crystal structure, increasing its strength and hardness, sometimes at the cost of toughness. Presently this treatment is being used on tool steels, high-carbon, high-chromium steels and in some cases to cemented carbide to obtain excellent wear resistance. Recent research shows that there is precipitation of fine carbides (eta carbides) in the matrix during this treatment which imparts very high wear resistance to the steels.

The transformation from austenite to martensite is mostly accomplished through quenching, but in general it is driven farther and farther toward completion as temperature decreases. In higher-alloy steels such as austenitic stainless steel, the onset of transformation can require temperatures much lower than room temperature. More commonly, an incomplete transformation occurs in the initial quench, so that cryogenic treatments merely enhance the effects of prior quenching. However, since martensite is a non-equilibrium phase on the iron-iron carbide phase diagram, it has not been shown that warming the part after the cryogenic treatment results in the re-transformation of the induced martensite back to austenite or to ferrite plus cementite, negating the hardening effect.

The transformation between these phases is instantaneous and not dependent upon diffusion, and also that this treatment causes more complete hardening rather than moderating extreme hardness, both of which make the term "cryogenic tempering" technically incorrect.

Hardening need not be due to martensitic transformation, but can also be accomplished by cold work at cryogenic temperatures. The defects introduced by plastic deformation at these low temperatures are often quite different from the dislocations that usually form at room temperature, and produce materials changes that in some ways resemble the effects of shock hardening. While this process is more effective than traditional cold work, it serves mainly as a theoretical test bed for more economical processes such as explosive forging.

Many alloys that do not undergo martensitic transformation have been subjected to the same treatments as steels—that is, cooled with no provisions for cold work. If any benefit is seen from such a process, one plausible explanation is that thermal expansion causes minor but permanent deformation of the material.

title: Cryogenic hardening


text: User talk:Joey.dale

title: User talk:Joey.dale


text:
Steve Rennie

Steve "Renman" Rennie (born June 8, 1955) is an American talent manager and entrepreneur. He is the founder of RENManagement and RenmanMB, a platform that offers industry guidance for musicians.

Career
Rennie began his music career booking concerts at USC. In 1980 he founded Rennie Presents to promote concerts independently. Booking concerts in the secondary markets that surrounded Los Angeles, he promoted up and coming 'new wave' bands including the Motels, The Plimsouls, Adam Ant, X, the Blasters, Mötley Crüe and INXS. On New Year's Eve 1983, he booked The Motels at the Beverly Theater in Beverly Hills, beating out established promoters for the LA show.

In 1983 he was hired by Southern California concert promoter, Avalon Attractions. In 1990 -- by then a senior vice president -- he left Avalon to found REN Management Corporation, where he managed bands including Dramarama, The Wonder Stuff, Ned's Atomic Dustbin, The The, and Primal Scream.

In 1994, he was named senior vice president/general manager of Epic Records. An early advocate of music marketing on the web, he developed online campaigns for Epic artists including Incubus, who he helped to sign, and Korn, who were the first band to appear live on the internet to promote a new album.

In 1998 Rennie left Epic to become president of UBL, a division of the early internet site ARTISTdirect. When Rennie informed the members of Incubus that he would be leaving Epic to join ARTISTdirect, guitarist Mike Einziger asked Rennie to co-manage the band. Rennie accepted the offer and stayed at ARTISTdirect until 2000, when he left the company to manage the band on a full-time basis. Shortly thereafter, the band released their breakthrough multi platinum selling album MAKE YOURSELF. The band went on to have a #1 Billboard Top 100 album, two #2 albums and a dozen Top 10 alternative radio hits. During his tenure as manager the band built a substantial global touring business. He managed Incubus until 2014, when he shifted his focus to RenmanMB.

title: Steve Rennie


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Lennart Geurts

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 03:52, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Lennart Geurts
Hoax. Lennart Geurts doesn't exist, or at least doesn't show up on Google; nobody's ever detected a graviton; Hawking is at Cambridge; there's no "Kuis award". Frjwoolley 21:42, 26 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete hoax/attack page. - Etacar11 21:57, 26 May 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
User:Pw201

Hello world. I am a software engineer with a degree in Physics. My home page is at http://www.noctua.org.uk/

title: User:Pw201