text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Gangtok

Gangtok
Self nom: I am resubmitting this article, a town in the Himalayas, for FA status. It lost in January, (see the archive here.) I've fixed the objections and also allowed the article to gather dust for about five months. Suggestions and constuctive objections will be appreciated and promptly be taken care of. :) =Nichalp (Talk)= 10:06, May 31, 2005 (UTC)

 * Support. Informative article. -- 10:38, May 31, 2005 (UTC)

 * Mild oppose . I request that the person archiving this to have a look at Jun-Dai's comments before archiving, and not just count on the number of support votes alone. Edit: Most of my concerns have been addressed by Nichalp - excellent job! The only problem left is the unreliable references used in the article. This clearly does not meet the reliability requirement in the featured article criteria (See Reliable sources). Edit: Article is now much better and looks less like a tourist brouchure. Kudos to Nichalp for the excellent work done. I am going to refrain from added a support vote although it does meet FA criteria, because I feel this article can achieve much more. I have made some copyedits to the numerous minor mistakes I have found, and I do hope that Nichalp and other contributors will continue working on the article. Perhaps with some more effort, it would be worthy of a front page status. =Travisyoung= 03:42, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) Use of unverifiable/dubious reference - Let's not add "references" just for the sake of having references.
 * 2) * "site currently only available through Google cache" - Gangtok Times website cannot be found, and a cached reference was provided instead. On top of that, there is no direct link to the cached page. What is the point of adding the reference? Edit: The "reference" did not mention crime rates in Gangtok. It mentioned that crime rates in Sikkim are the lowest in the nation (without providing any numbers) and I assume it was assumed that Gangtok has one of the lowest crime rates. This is wrong and serves as a poor reference. Why not get official statistics?
 * 3) *Two references given were tourism-based (Sikkim — Land of Mystic and Splendour and Holidaying in Sikkim and Bhutan), which might give a clue to the point on "flowery"/"touristy" language below.
 * 4) Incoherent paragraphs - Paragraphs start off on a particular topic and end on another. This makes the article incoherent and gives the reader a very "cut and paste" feel. For example:
 * 5) * "Residents of Sikkim are music lovers and it is common to hear Western rock music being played in homes and restaurants... The Paljor Stadium, which hosts football matches, is the sole sporting ground in the city." Why not have two separate paragraphs? Edit: Not separated yet.
 * 6) * "Citizens in Gangtok are extremely fashion-conscious. The major Indian festivals...". What's the point of adding that statement on fashion-consciousness?
 * 7) * "It is one of the southernmost locations in South Asia to receive snowfall" but yet later in the article - "Snowfall is rare, with Gangtok having received snow in 1990, 2004 and 2005 in the recent past" (I would agree it is a fact, but saying that it receives snowfall when it only happens 3 times in 15 years is stretching it a little too far.)
 * 8) Use of "flowery"/"touristy" language - Some examples include:
 * 9) * nestled in the lower Himalayas Edit: Not corrected yet.
 * 10) * appellation
 * 11) * Gangtok grew in stature
 * 12) * monarchy was abrogated Edit: Not corrected yet.
 * 13) * the lofty Kanchenjanga
 * 14) * enjoys five seasons
 * 15) * drenched by rain
 * 16) * bathing the avenues in various hues and colours
 * 17) * mighty Kanchenjunga (note the difference in spelling from the previous)
 * 18) * aldermen of Municipal Corporation
 * 19) * cornucopia of natural springs
 * 20) * enjoying an almost uninterrupted electricity supply
 * 21) * well served by English, Nepali and Hindi dailies
 * 22) * yet to make its mark
 * 23) * staunchly maintains its secular credentials Edit: Not corrected yet.
 * 24) * architectural highlight is the 200 foot (91 m) TV tower (I wouldn't consider a TV tower an architectural highlight) Edit: As long as you can provide a reference which states that the TV tower is of architectural importance/significance, I'll remove this opposition. Otherwise, it sounds very much like a boastful remark; it is just a TV tower.
 * 25) * built on the site venerated by
 * 26) * the hirsute Himalayan Black Bear
 * 27) * and other objets d'art. etc. This point has been mentioned before during the previous FAC, seems to me it has not been acted upon. Edit: Not corrected yet.
 * 28) Poor choice of picture - half of the picture is grass, the other half shows several peaks; which is the "mighty Kanchenjunga"? Edit: The caption is much better now.
 * Until these issues have been addressed, it is an oppose. [edit: Shouldn't this be a self-nomination?] Edit: Please add "self-nom" to this nomination. -Travisyoung 13:04, 31 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Thank you for your suggestions.
 * This is the google cache link: . I had used the reference in the previous nomination. I've had to reference that phrase from a credible source, else it would be my point of view. I've included the link.
 * The highest peak in the image would be the Kanchenjunga.
 * While, I have been honest to mention that I have used a travel book as a reference, might I also add that such books also detail the history and geography of a place.
 * Removed snowfall in the lead-in
 * Yes, the TV tower is an architectural highlight (I don't have a pic though)
 * fixed:
 * "stature"
 * "lofty"
 * "bathing in various hues..."
 * "drenched by rain"
 * "hirsute"
 * "venerated by..."
 * "cornucopia"
 * "fashion conscious"
 * "aldermen"
 * "yet to make its mark"
 * "objet d'art"
 * "mighty"
 * "secular credentials"
 * "well served..."
 * "nestled"
 * split sports-music paragraphs
 * I didn't resolve one or two of the others, as I think its a little too harsh. May I also add that its isn't a cut & paste job. =Nichalp (Talk)= 14:23, May 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * Unfortunately Travisyoung has not reviewed this page once again, either to withdraw his objection or stay with it. =Nichalp (Talk)= 20:36, Jun 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Sorry for the late reply, I have been busy with work. I appreciate the edits you have put in, the article looks better now (less "touristy" and "boastful"). However, there were some edits which were not corrected but claimed to be corrected - please correct these.
 * The "History" section looks much better now, although I think it would be better if there were good references to back up the points.
 * I am also concerned about the way Jun-Dai has voted despite still having doubts. "[D]on't like standing in the way of people's efforts" is not a valid reason for puting a support vote! Either support, oppose or don't vote. This has been pointed out by Sfahey as well. It is best if Jun-Dai can clarify and list out his doubts rather than let the article go on featured status. =Travisyoung= 09:09, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) I had resolved your objections but a bug must have prevented some from being saved. I've corrected the same.
 * 2) "abrograted" is used in context and I prefer not to change it.
 * 3) I can't provide you official statistics a) Gangtok comes under the Sikkim Police and no data are released for Gangtok alone. b) No credible references available online. This is the only reference available and it does have the state statistics. The low crime rate makes Gangtok "unique"; and has to be referenced. In the article it is also mentioned that the state comes under the SP. I'd vote to keep this reference until better ones are obtained.
 * I understand your point. However, it is clearly stated in Cite sources: "Wikipedia articles should cite their sources, preferably reliable sources." Both are guidelines which are a result of consensus within the Wikipedia community. The reference you have provided is a secondary source, so the way to check whether it is reliable or not is stated in Reliable sources. =Travisyoung= 13:34, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) Here are links for the TV tower:, , and . I hope this settles the debate then. I don't have an image of the tower, but part of the antenna is visible here: Image:Whitehall.jpg.
 * The first, third and fourth are duplicates of each other. The second is a homepage of someone's travels! I would prefer the word "landmark". "Architectural highlight" would be more suitable for the likes of Guggenheim Museum Bilbao; something of architectural value. =Travisyoung= 13:34, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * =Nichalp (Talk)= 10:14, Jun 8, 2005 (UTC)

 * 1) I've rewritten the crime part and included it below with the police topics. I've managed to get an active govt of India link as a new reference. 2) I've separated the sports and music section before, but it is still marked as "not done". 3) I've rewritten "architectural highlight" to landmark. BTW the tower pc is available here. (The fifth image) . 4) I've replaced the location of gangtok map. =Nichalp (Talk)= 15:47, Jun 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Excellent work, I hope you agree that the article looks much better now! The link to the government website is excellent, since it is a direct and reliable source, and it allows for comparison by looking at Sikkim's crime rate versus the national average. The map looks much better now too, the reader can locate Gangtok straight away when looking at the map. Is there anyway to remove the divisions for the state in the India map so that the state of Sikkim stands out more? This would be much clearer. Could the section on the Himalayan Zoological Park be shifted to another section; I don't think a zoo qualifies as a cultural institution. Several numbers do not have the metric equivalent as well. The reference to the posting of of IPS officers doesn't really show anything, you can remove it. Is there any reason for a separate references and notes section? =Travisyoung= 02:51, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I can't modifiy the states of India map, but I've increased the font size of Gangtok. 2) I've renamed =cultural institutions= to =city institutions= to address the zoo's inclusion. 3) added imperial units 4) The IPS officers mentions that the police headquarters in Gangtok is manned by an IGP. =Nichalp (Talk)= 08:09, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)

 * Instead of a google cache link, with _will_ expire, why not use the wayback machine link to the same page, which 1) works better, and 2) unless archive.org goes away isn't expiring on us. WayBack Machine archive of www.gangtoktimes.com/2004/Jan05-11/viewpoints.htm
 * The original link was http://web.archive.org/web/20041121030218/http://www.gangtoktimes.com/2004/Jan05-11/viewpoints.htm it turns out that the http in the wayback machines links is optional, and it still works if you remove it as above which allows normal wikipedia formating to work Rick Boatright 23:35, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Good idea, but the link does not display correctly on wikipedia. I wonder if the talk page could hold the reference instead. =Nichalp (Talk)= 10:21, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks Rick, I've included the link in the references. =Nichalp (Talk)= 18:21, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)

 * Support. Nice article. However, on IE there is a lot of white space - eg History starts with a five line gap, plus there's a big gap between the first and second paragraphs of Geography (plus elsewhere). Could this be fixed? And in the first paragraph of History - isn't the word "hermetic" rather than "hermitic"? jguk 22:47, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * 'Hermitic' has a different meaning (WordNet says "characterized by ascetic solitude"), and would be the more fitting word in this context. Phil s 05:39, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Phils' right about the word heremitic. I managed to resolve the gap in the geography section. The other gaps unfortunately do not display in my IE.  =Nichalp (Talk)= 06:56, Jun 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * I am using IE version 6.0.2800.1106 and I have noticed the big gaps as well. =Travisyoung= 09:11, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * My version is 6.0.2900.2180. I guess the bug is resolved in my version. =Nichalp (Talk)= 10:14, Jun 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * FWIW, I believe the gaps have more to do with screen resolution than IE version. I moved one of the pics lower (two different places, depending on which people think is better), both of which avoid the big gaps in the upper sections. At 1280*1024 res there is a small gap ([only] using IE) in the "City institutions" section, but lower resolutions all seem to be fine. I only had time for a brief scan of the rest of the article, but I didn't see anything that would keep me from supporting it. Niteowlneils 07:33, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't like the images at the bottom, In my resolution 800x600; the bear image overlaps with the next section making it look untidy. =Nichalp (Talk)=
 * Sorry, just thot I'd try to address someone's expressed concern. The huge white chunks look even less tidy to me. Given the large number of pics, and the shortness of all the section texts, the ony way (other than removing pics or adding text) I can see avoiding both issues would be to put the pics in less logical places, such as moving Rumtek to Media, and the bears to Transport. Or, I suppose, either of those to External links. Niteowlneils 14:01, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Tentative support I'm not going to oppose it this time. For two reasons: (1) I don't like standing in the way of people's efforts, especially when they feel strongly about them and (2) I think that most of the objections that I have will be fixed as the article gets more attention by being a Featured Article.  I don't think up the FA quality yet, however, so I'm going to try to make some changes and comments for improvement during its nomination.  See my comments at Talk:Gangtok. Jun-Dai 17:57, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks for your comments on the Talk page. I will address your concerns there, and try and modify the map somewhat. =Nichalp (Talk)= 18:09, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * The map looks much better now, excellent job Nichalp! I think it would look better if dotted lines separate the different districts and the district capitals are not shown. The point of interest in the map is Gangtok. =Travisyoung= 09:15, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * map replaced =Nichalp (Talk)=
 *
 * Some people have asked me to clarify my support vote in light of my concerns. Keep in mind that the reasons I gave for not opposing it were written before I gave my support.  I am not supporting it to avoid standing in the way of anyone's efforts, that was simply why I wasn't going to oppose it.  Since then, the article has improved enough for me to lend my tentative support.  I feel that the article comes as close to meeting my interpretation of the FA criteria without more direct input from people in Gangtok or more in-depth research than is readily available to those that are editing it and want to see it FAed.
 * I marked my support tentative, because I think the article meets the current standards for "Featured Article". It does not meet the standards that I would like to see featured articles meet in the future, but if those standards were in place, we would not have enough featured articles to have a daily featured article (without cycling them).  The article is not as good as it should be, but it's about as good as it's going to get under Nichalp, myself, and the like.  Certainly there were articles in the past that made it to featured articles that would never make it now (I hope), and I'd like to think that an article like this would not make it in the future.  The standards have to be a balance of where we'd like to see the Wikipedia's best articles be, and what we can actually accomplish given the amount and quality of the people-hours that we have.
 * Additionally, I have some concerns that should not interfere with it getting FA status, but they do interfere somewhat with my support of the article. The article has too many pictures for my taste--I'd like to see about half of them removed.  But at the same time, I recognize that this is different from what others may have for Gangtok as a featured article, and I'd hate to see it held back just because two voters couldn't agree on which way it should be.  Does this help clarify my position?
 *

 * Support The suggested changes that are substantial have been made, and the article "reads" much better now than when first listed. Parenthetically, I am concerned about someone voting "support" while saying it was not yet up to FA status. Frankly, most articles get WORSE after they make FA, since unhelpful changes are not as readily purged once they are no longer under the watchful eye of a jury. I would prefer articles be "frozen" until they hit the front page. Sfahey 23:11, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Support Comprehensive, well written, great map and photos, and follows the WikiProject Cities guidelines. Petersam 16:33, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Support. Excellent article. --Scimitar 22:58, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)


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Defaka people

The Defaka (called Afakani by their neighbours, the Nkoroo) are a small ethnic group of south-eastern Nigeria, numbering fewer than a thousand people. They live in the eastern part of the Niger Delta, Rivers State, Bonny District; part of them in the Defaka ward of Nkoroo town in close relationship with the Nkoroo people, and another part of them on the isolated island of Iwoma Nkoro, near Kono. Present neighbours of the Defaka, apart from the Nkoroo people, are: at Iwoma, the Ogoni people (speakers of Ogoni/Kana/Khana), and to the east, the Obolo. The Defaka have a less cordial relationship with these peoples than with the Nkoroo.

The Defaka language is thought to be most closely related to the Ijo languages, which is the basis for the Ijoid language family first proposed by Jenewari (1983). Defaka is being rapidly pushed to extinction as speakers are shifting to the language of the Nkoroo people. All Defaka people speak Nkoroo; most use it as their primary language, even when talking with other Defaka speakers. At most 200 speakers of Defaka are left, mostly elderly people; as such, the language may already be moribund (or nearly so).

History
The Defaka have always been a people small in number, and their history is a long narrative of harassment by numerically superior neighbours and subsequent migrations. According to oral histories reported in Jenewari (1983), the original home of the Defaka was in the Iselema area (present-day Delta State). From there, they moved via the Central Delta into the Eastern Delta region, where they lived close to the Abuloma ethnic group. Later they lived close to the Udekama (Degema) people in the Engenni area, and subsequently they entered the Bonny territory to live at Abalama Olotombia, and later near Bodo in Ogoni. They moved to Iyoba in the Andoni country before establishing Olomama Nkoroo (Old town). From there, they finally moved to the present-day Nkoroo town. The Nkoroo people, neighbours of the Defaka and numbering about 4500, relate a similar tradition of migration. Thus, the Defaka and Nkoroo peoples have presumably been living together as neighbours prior to the establishment of Nkoroo town, perhaps even since the time that both of them were in the Okrika territory.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Defaka people


text:
Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/Stag on hill

Stag on hill

I believe this image of the stag on the hilltop should be a featured picture because it is a very striking picture, the sunset in the background frames the stag and makes it stand out. -Is used in Deer page

 * Nominate and support, definatly has the wow factor Firedemon 09:59, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Has just 5 edits BrokenSegue 22:42, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Support, Support, Support! this is an amazing picture. Cyberlettuce 10:11, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Has less than 20 edits more than half are involved with FPC voting. BrokenSegue 13:09, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Support - nice picture - quite evocative A curate's egg 10:19, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Sorry put the note on the wrong user. BrokenSegue 17:49, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Support Being the owner of this pic, I am flattered it has been put up for possible featured candidate. Electricmoose- Electrifying 10:44, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose, but then I'm not sure I get the joke (nor the relationship between some of the voters here). Strange how those clouds got behind the sun. -- Solipsist 12:05, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose''' mostly out of focus
 * Oh and I forgot to mention it is probably also a copyright violation. Whilst User:Fir0002's sunset is GFDL, I think that still requires attribution when used in a composite. -- Solipsist 12:42, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't konw if I can dictate what to do with my photo after it's been released into the GFDL, but that image really is using it badly. I wouldn't have minded if it was a good composite, but it's such a poor, blatantly obvious fake. I think every photographer likes to know what people are using their photos for, but to see mine used in this fashion is quite distressing. It's like seeing your photo after it had been through some pretty heavy "liquifying" in th Photoshop.--Fir0002 22:20, May 31, 2005 (UTC)

 * Res is to low and a it's bit blurry. Also we should check the possible copyvio. BrokenSegue 13:10, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose, sun in front of clouds is distracting (and impossible). --Spangineer ∞ 15:29, May 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose, for all the reasons above plus it's not even attached to an article. --CVaneg 20:01, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * That's becuse I removed it. BrokenSegue 22:40, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong Oppose Dislike it intensely. --Fir0002 22:20, May 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose - because most of the pic is out of focus - Adrian Pingstone 07:56, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. obviously artificial. Thue | talk 09:25, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Support - quite like it in a folksey sort of way.InTheFullnessOfTime 10:00, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * User has just 36 edits, several of which are on various deletion vote pages. — Chameleon 12:50, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete fake pic! — Chameleon 12:32, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose — nothing against composites, but it's not a shining example of a composite pic. Pardon the pun. --Ds13 19:37, 2005 Jun 1 (UTC)
 * Oppose WB 00:36, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose out of focus and not very good composite image anyway Lisiate 01:11, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Archived. The image contains at least one element that is a copyvio, so the license is not appropriate. -- Solipsist 06:20, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)


text:
Nkoroo

Nkoroo is a town in the Bonny territory of Rivers State, Nigeria. It is the home of the Nkoroo people and the Nkoroo language.

title: Nkoroo


text:
User:JohnArmagh/Abbeys and Priories of England: work in progress

List of monastic houses in England


text: Talk:Nearshoring

title: Talk:Nearshoring


text:
User talk:Wengier

General note: Please leave messages here if you have questions.

Welcome to Wikipedia. Here is some general information you may find useful: click here

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Happy Editing. --Blainster 10:07, 31 May 2005 (UTC)

Windows 3.2
Quite surprised to come across you here. (I'm a happy user of your MS-DOS 7.10 :-)

As a person who is both Chinese and well-versed in history of Windows, could you please provide some background on Windows 3.2? I believe it deserves more than just one sentence, but couldn't find any relevant details. --tyomitch 15:14, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

Windows Defender
Btw have you tried the "official workaround" on Windows 2000? :-) If you have access to Windows 2000 in a VM or real machine, can you please try that? : ) Does it install after installing GDI+ or is there an "XP required" enforcement in the MSI file? - xpclient  Talk 11:08, 12 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Yes, that's why I haven't reverted. I'm asked merely so that our contributions remain 100% accurate and confirmed. :-) - xpclient  Talk 18:47, 12 June 2008 (UTC)

Qianlong
What made you think that they are tributes? The article clearly stated "Burmese thought Qing sought peace and Qing thought Burmese sent tributes to them". It's simple. Because Qianlong thought they were tributes doesn't necessary mean they are tributes. In fact, what you are considering tributes are not tributes, they are presents. A country pays something to other country doesn't necessary mean tributes. Beijing replied Burma with some presents as Burmese chronicles records. Shouldn't it be considered as Beijing pay tributes to Burma?

the Gengma native official earned Beijing's praise for facilitating the submission of Burma. The page clearly stated subterfuge used by Gengma official. Yes, that caused Beijing to think Burmese submitted to them while Burmese were replying conciliatory attitudes by Qianlong. This is just misunderstanding by Qianlong. He himself, interpreted them as victories. That all. Simply, my friend gave me a pencil as a friendly remark. I considered as a tribute, I can, but nobody is going to accept this reasoning. Same goes to Qianlong.

Anyway, what Qianlong interpret doesn't matter. What the matter is whether Burma submitted to China. Clearly they didn't. And the Sawbwa ruse didn't make them submit It just fake Qianlong to think that Burmese submitted while it fake Burma to think that Qianlong want peace. They faked both parties. I deleted the Invasion of Burma at Qing dynasty talk page. I think it doesn't relate to the article. I am discussing about Sino–Burmese Wars (1765–1769) Soewinhan (talk) 12:57, 12 December 2010 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the detailed message. Replied in your talk page. --Wengier (talk) 23:31, 12 December 2010 (UTC)
 * Apology for removing that discussion. (although it has been a year since then) It was a violation of talk page guidelines.. I did violate too many wiki rules when I was a newcomer.   S  W H talk 06:24, 3 November 2011 (UTC)

 * Don't worry about it. It's possible for anyone to violate certain wiki rules sometimes due to certain reason, especially for newcomers. But it will be no problem at long as he is good-faithed and willing to do it better in the future when he finds it. The important thing is to have mutual understanding, then everything will be fine. Thanks again. --Wengier (talk) 07:06, 3 November 2011 (UTC)

(Reply)

 * Yes. Thanks! I removed my message because I think it might be a violation of WP:CANVASS. I know you would help if you were active at that time.  S  W H talk 16:16, 2 November 2011 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:04, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of HX DOS Extender
Hello Wengier,

I wanted to let you know that I just tagged HX DOS Extender for deletion, because it seems to be promotional, rather than an encyclopedia article.

If you feel that the article shouldn't be deleted and want more time to work on it, you can contest this deletion, but please don't remove the speedy deletion tag from the top.

You can leave a note on my talk page if you have questions. ubiquity (talk) 17:54, 16 February 2016 (UTC)

Wikipedia and copyright
Hello Wengier! Your additions to New Qing History have been removed in whole or in part, as they appear to have added copyrighted content without evidence that the source material is in the public domain or has been released by its owner or legal agent under a suitably free and compatible copyright license. (To request such a release, see Requesting copyright permission.) While we appreciate your contributions to Wikipedia, there are certain things you must keep in mind about using information from sources to avoid copyright and plagiarism issues.

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 * Aside from limited quotation, you must put all information in your own words and structure, in proper paraphrase. Following the source's words too closely can create copyright problems, so it is not permitted here; see Close paraphrasing. Even when using your own words, you are still, however, asked to cite your sources to verify the information and to demonstrate that the content is not original research.
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It's very important that contributors understand and follow these practices, as policy requires that people who persistently do not must be blocked from editing. If you have any questions about this, please ask them here on this page, or leave a message on my talk page. Thank you. Moneytrees🏝(Talk) 19:56, 21 August 2023 (UTC)

 * Was it your intention to quote that content? If that was you intention, it wasn't clear that it was a quote. Moneytrees🏝(Talk) 19:57, 21 August 2023 (UTC)

 * Thanks for leaving me a message. I originally indeed intended to quote the relevant content from the cited source (so that the original meaning will be retained [as much as possible], but without taking too much space for the article), although I forgot to put quotation marks earlier. Considering the potential copyright issue I have now completely paraphrased the original content from the source, and with a small amount of direct quotations with double quotation marks as mentioned above, in order to more closely follow the said practices. This will hopefully solve the issue, although you can surely let me know if you have more concerns. Thanks again! --Wengier (talk) 20:34, 21 August 2023 (UTC)
 * I think that was a good reword, although I have some concerns about close paraphrasing in the passage and htink it needs a few more rephrases. Here's something that can help-- the edit I previously reverted was flagged as a concern by Copypatrol, which reviews recent edits for copyright issues. This was the report generated on it, and if you click the "iThenticate report" link, you can see the overlap between the source and the text that I saw. Comparing the text highlighted there and your current text in the article will hopefully make the overlap and what needs to be changed a little more clear. Let me know if you have any questions, Moneytrees🏝(Talk) 02:24, 22 August 2023 (UTC)
 * I have just done more paraphrases, which hopefully eliminated even more potential overlaps. At the same time, I think it will likely be more difficult to do further paraphrases without potentially changing the meanings of the source contents. I hope the paraphrasing efforts have solved the problem. Thanks again! --Wengier (talk) 03:05, 22 August 2023 (UTC)

Introduction to contentious topics
Kautilya3 (talk) 00:42, 29 August 2023 (UTC)

 * Thanks for leaving the message here concerning "contentious topics". Of course I was simply trying my best to improve the quality of the said WP article using reliable sources with my knowledge, but thanks for making me aware it is a "contentious topic". --01:19, 29 August 2023 (UTC)

September 2023
Your edit to List of diplomatic missions of the Qing dynasty has been removed in whole or in part, as it appears to have added copyrighted material to Wikipedia without evidence of permission from the copyright holder. If you are the copyright holder, please read Donating copyrighted materials for more information on uploading your material to Wikipedia. For legal reasons, Wikipedia cannot accept copyrighted material, including text or images from print publications or from other websites, without an appropriate and verifiable license. All such contributions will be deleted. You may use external websites or publications as a source of information, but not as a source of content, such as sentences or images—you must write using your own words. Wikipedia takes copyright very seriously, and persistent violators of our copyright policy will be blocked from editing. See Copying text from other sources for more information. Whpq (talk) 02:29, 28 September 2023 (UTC)

 * Note - To be clear, the material you added was a close paraphrase from the source. -- Whpq (talk) 02:29, 28 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Turns out it was still close (thanks for letting me know). Rewrote the contents again while trying hard to not change the meanings from the source. --Wengier (talk) 03:10, 28 September 2023 (UTC)

Where are you getting info from on Turpan Khanate?
What sources are you using for Turpan Khanate? The source does not verify the content in the page. Qiushufang (talk) 20:50, 20 October 2023 (UTC)
 * I just saw you added a "failed verification" template in the Turpan Khanate. This content was added via the edit . Both this content and the sources were basically copied from the Chagatai Khanate article (under the section "Turpan Khanate (1487–1660?)"), which were not originally added by me. I was wondering about the end date for the Turpan Khanate, so I copied this information from the said article. --Wengier (talk) 20:59, 20 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Yes, the problem is that nothing else is copied from there or verified by the source. Qiushufang (talk) 21:01, 20 October 2023 (UTC)
 * I was trying to further edit my reply and it went to edit conflicts. Much of the information in my original edit (not the edit I mentioned above) was translated from the corresponding article in Japanese Wikipedia. --Wengier (talk) 21:04, 20 October 2023 (UTC)
 * A translation without a source is meaningless on Wikipedia. It is supposed to be based on reliable secondary sources and to a lesser extent, primary and tertiary sources. There's no point translating Japanese Wikipedia when there are no sources provided. Qiushufang (talk) 21:07, 20 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Yes, but I have not finished the article yet. You were so fast coming here before I finished cleaning up. --Wengier (talk) 21:08, 20 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Please provide always provide the sources next time and say where the content is coming from if you are taking it from somewhere else in Wikipedia. Qiushufang (talk) 21:11, 20 October 2023 (UTC)

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June 2024
Hello. I have noticed that you edit without using an edit summary. Please do your best to always fill in the summary field. This helps your fellow editors use their time more productively, rather than spending it unnecessarily scrutinizing and verifying your work. Even a short summary is better than no summary, and summaries are particularly important for large, complex, or potentially controversial edits. To help yourself remember, you may wish to check the "prompt me when entering a blank edit summary" box in your preferences. Thanks! – Joe (talk) 11:10, 24 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the message. Sure, I will try to use an edit summary (even if it is short) whenever possible in the future. --Wengier (talk) 16:28, 24 June 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:Wengier


text:
5-Nitro-2-propoxyaniline

5-Nitro-2-propoxyaniline, also known as P-4000 and Ultrasüss, is about 4,000 times the intensity of sucrose (hence its alternate name, P-4000). It is an orange solid that is only slightly soluble in water. It is stable in boiling water and dilute acids. 5-Nitro-2-propoxyaniline was once used as an artificial sweetener but has been banned in the United States because of its possible toxicity.

In the US, food containing any added or detectable level of 5-nitro-2-propoxyaniline is deemed to be adulterated in violation of the act based upon an order published in the Federal Register of January 19, 1950 (15 FR 321).

title: 5-Nitro-2-propoxyaniline


text:
Talk:Jerry Hairston Jr.

Untitled
Article has been kept following this VfD debate. Sjakkalle 10:12, 31 May 2005 (UTC)

Good job on whoever updated his being traded to the Texas Rangers. It just happened a few hours ago and its already in here. Dunno who that was, but congrats to you!

Place of Birth
Hairston was born in Des Moines, Iowa thats what several sites like Baseball Reference, ESPN and Fox Sports list it as.

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title: Talk:Jerry Hairston Jr.


text:
Talk:Annie Leibovitz

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
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Discussion
For some reason "Dr. Fell" and really felt compelled to remove the sentence that identifies A. Leibovitz as Susan Sontag's lover. He provides no explanation and as the relationship is both important and well documented, I've reverted the article Jliberty 10:13, May 31, 2005 (UTC)

The edit was made because the statement “Leibovitz was the long-term partner of Susan Sontag until Sontag's death in 2004” is presented as an undisputed fact – something it is not. The nature of the relationship between these two women remains a matter of dispute. Until it is otherwise, speculation (even if it is probable) should not be presented as fact. --Dr Fell 21:24, May 31, 2005 (UTC)

Waterbury or Westport?
I've got it from two sources  that Leibovitz was born in Westport. I'm going to change the article back to Wesport unless someone shows me something proving the woman was born in Waterbury... Thesocialistesq 04:10, 13 December 2005 (UTC)

The publisher's biography for the new (2006) Leibovitz book, A Photographer's Life: 1990-2005, gives her birthplace as Waterbury, CT. Photoindex21 15:55, 8 October 2006 (UTC)

"Born to a surrogate mother"
The article is unclear whether all of her children or just Samuelle was born to a surrogate mother. (unsigned comment by Porlob)

Reading the Newsweek article makes it clear that only the twins were born to a surrogate. SteveHopson 20:20, 1 October 2006 (UTC)

The  A Photographer's Life  book has a picture of Leibovitz nude and pregnant with Sarah. There are also pictures, taken by others, from the delivery room although she isn't identifiable. Rove312 23:29, 8 November 2006 (UTC)

photo of subject
i think a picture of annie would improve this article. there wasn't one of her in her women book like i had thought but there are a bunch on getty. anyone feel like taking the initiative to make this happen? 1dsm3 17:01, 8 November 2006 (UTC)

David Parsons
I removed the link to David Parsons as it was in fact a link to the English circketer, not the dancer. It seems the other David Parsons currently has no Wikipedia entry.Gregster1978 (talk) 10:57, 28 April 2008 (UTC)

Famous Leibovitz Photos
Regarding the paragraph about Brooke Shields. "This is the first image of a visibly pregnant woman on its cover. Ironic, since Shields also holds the record for the magazine's youngest cover model." Can someone explain to me how this is ironic? The definition of irony is: incongruity between what might be expected and what actually occurs. I believe the author of the Brooke Shields paragraph has confused irony with coincidence, which is a common mistake these days. Hagi2000 (talk) 11:00, 16 June 2008 (UTC)

Improvements to Early Life Section
When reading the early life section, some of the information seemed to have been repetitious and some incomplete. It also seems to contradict some of the information I have found. I was able to find a good article on a PBS, American Master's page, http://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/database/leibovitz_a.html and a timeline to accompany the article. http://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/database/leibovitz_a_timeline_flash.html

I am not familiar with editing a wiki, but I thought I might post this here so that someone who is a little more familiar with the process and formatting might be able to assist.

Old Section:

Born in Waterbury, Connecticut, Leibovitz is Jewish. The third of six children, her mother was a modern dance instructor, while her father was a lieutenant colonel in the United States Air Force. The family moved frequently with her father's duty assignments, and she took her first pictures when he was stationed in the Philippines.[1]

In high school, she became interested in various artistic endeavours, and began to write and play music. She attended the San Francisco Art Institute. She became interested in photography after taking pictures during her time in the Philippines as an Air Force brat where her father was assigned at the time of the Vietnam War. For several years, she continued to develop her photography skills while she worked various jobs, including a stint on a kibbutz in Israel for several months in 1969.[2]

My attempt at enhancing and editing:

Leibovitz is the third of six children born to close-knit Jewish family in Waterbury, Connecticut. Her mother was a modern dance instructor, while her father was a lieutenant colonel in the United States Air Force. The family moved frequently with her father's duty assignments. [1]

In high school, she became interested in various artistic endeavors, and began to write and play music. In 1967, she began attending the San Francisco Art Institute where she studied painting. In 1968, she received her first camera as a gift from her parents, and developed an interest in taking pictures during a trip to Japan with her Mother. When she returned she took a night-class in photography. This would prove fateful as she ultimately changed her major from painting to photography.(citation needed for pbs page) For several years, she continued to develop her photography skills while she worked various jobs, including a stint on a kibbutz in Israel for several months in 1969.[2]

Dave D (talk) 22:14, 4 September 2008 (UTC)

In popular culture?
She was played by an actress in the film Watchmen. Is that not worthy of note? 92.12.191.216 (talk) 21:23, 28 April 2009 (UTC)

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 * Susan holding Sarah.png

i need a venn diagram for annie leibovitz and yousef karsh — Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.95.177.151 (talk) 02:10, 5 March 2020 (UTC)

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 * Annie Leibovitz exhibition at L'Académie des beaux-arts Paris.jpg

title: Talk:Annie Leibovitz


text:
Bonaventure (disambiguation)

Bonaventure, a French name (from Latin Bonaventura, meaning "good fortune") may refer to:

Given name

 * Saint Bonaventure (John of Fidanza) (1221–1274), Italian philosopher and theologian
 * Pseudo-Bonaventure, a name given to various anonymous medieval writers whose writings were previously attributed to Saint Bonaventure
 * Bonaventure of Siena (fl. 1264–1266), Italian notary and translator
 * Bonaventure de Bar (1700–1729), French painter
 * Bonaventure Baron (1610–1696), Irish Franciscan theologian, philosopher and writer of Latin prose and verse
 * Bonaventure Broderick (1868–1943), the Coadjutor Bishop of the Archdiocese of San Cristóbal de la Habana
 * Bonaventura Cavalieri (1598–1647), Italian mathematician
 * Bonaventure Elzevir (1583–1652), Dutch publisher and printer
 * Bonaventure Giffard (1642–1734), English Roman Catholic bishop
 * Bonaventure Hepburn (1573–1620/1), Scottish linguist and biblical scholar
 * Bonaventura Hussey (Maelbrighte Ó Hussey) (died 1614), Irish Franciscan author
 * Bonaventure Kalou (born 1978), Ivorian footballer
 * Bonaventure Maruti (born 1976), a Kenyan football striker
 * Bonaventure Panet (1765–1846), a businessman and politician in Lower Canada
 * Bonaventure Patrick Paul (1929–2007), Pakistani bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Hyderabad
 * Bonaventure des Périers (c. 1501–1544), French author
 * Bonaventura (given name), Italian given name

Surname

 * Bonaventura (surname), Italian surname
 * Simon-Pierre Denys de Bonaventure (1659–1711), French officer in the colonial navy of New France
 * Ysaline Bonaventure, Belgian tennis player

Canada

 * Bonaventure Regional County Municipality, Quebec
 * City of Bonaventure, Quebec, in the Bonaventure RCM
 * Bonaventure Airport, serving City of Bonaventure
 * Bonaventure River
 * Bonaventure Island in the Gaspésie region on the Gulf of St. Lawrence
 * Bonaventure (federal electoral district), a former federal electoral district
 * Bonaventure (provincial electoral district), a Quebec provincial electoral district
 * Place Bonaventure in Montreal which gave its name to
 * Bonaventure (Montreal Metro) station
 * Bonaventure Station, railway station in downtown Montreal, Quebec
 * Autoroute Bonaventure (Quebec Autoroute 10), also called the Bonaventure Expressway
 * Old and New Bonaventure, Newfoundland and Labrador, small communities

United States

 * St. Bonaventure, New York, a census-designated place and community in Allegany
 * Westin Bonaventure Hotel, the largest hotel in Los Angeles, California
 * Bonaventure Cemetery in Savannah, Georgia
 * Bonaventure Plantation in Savannah, Georgia

Latvia

 * Bonaventuras iela (Bonaventura street), Riga, Latvia

Entertainment

 * Bonaventure, a play that was made into the 1951 film Thunder on the Hill
 * St. Bonaventure Hospital, setting of The Good Doctor (U.S. TV series)

Schools

 * Saint Bonaventure's College in Newfoundland, Canada
 * St. Bonaventure University, located in Allegany, New York, United States
 * St Bonaventure's Catholic School, in Forest Gate, London Borough of Newham, United Kingdom
 * St Bonaventure's High School, a school located in Hyderabad, Sindh province, Pakistan
 * St. Bonaventure High School, a private, Catholic, co-educational secondary school in Ventura, California, United States
 * St. Bonaventure Elementary School, a Catholic elementary school in Toronto, Ontario

Ships

 * Canadian aircraft carrier, HMCS Bonaventure (CVL 22)
 * nine warships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Bonaventure

Other

 * Bonaventure station (disambiguation), stations of the name

title: Bonaventure (disambiguation)


text:
Stuart Maconie

Stuart John Maconie (born 13 August 1961) is an English radio DJ and television presenter, writer, journalist, and critic working in the field of pop music and popular culture. He is a presenter on BBC Radio 6 Music where, alongside Mark Radcliffe, he hosts its weekend breakfast show (Saturday–Sunday, 8am – 10am) which broadcasts from the BBC's MediaCityUK in Salford. The pair previously presented an evening show on BBC Radio 2 and the weekday afternoon show for BBC Radio 6 Music.

Maconie used to present his own solo show on Saturday afternoons from April 2006 until 29 March 2008, and is a frequent stand-in for holidaying presenters on Radio 2. He also hosts BBC Radio 6 Music programmes The Freak Zone, on Sundays from 8pm to 10pm and Freak Zone Playlist (formerly known as The Freakier Zone) on Wednesday night/Thursday mornings from midnight to 1am.

Early life
Maconie was born in Whiston, near Knowsley in Lancashire. He was raised in Prescot, Lancashire. He was educated at St John Rigby College, Orrell and Edge Hill College (now Edge Hill University), in Ormskirk.

While at St John Rigby College, Maconie formed a band named (after several iterations) Les Flirts, featuring Maconie on guitar/vocals, Nigel Power on bass and Jem Bretherton on drums.

Career
In his career as a writer and journalist he has written for Q, Word Magazine, ELLE, The Times, The Guardian, the Evening Standard, Daily Express, Select, Mojo, Country Walking, Deluxe and was an assistant editor for the NME. In September 2008, he began a new monthly column for Cumbria Life magazine. Maconie previously worked as an English and sociology teacher at Skelmersdale College, Lancashire for one year in 1987–88. He has written screenplays for television and films.

Maconie is also the author of Cider With Roadies, an autobiography of his experiences as a music journalist that references Cider with Rosie in the wordplay of the title. Pies and Prejudice: In Search of the North, a book that discusses the modern reality of Northern England (as opposed to the popular myths), was published in February 2007, with an audio version following in March 2009. Maconie, portraying himself a 'professional northerner', uses childhood experiences alongside anecdotes from recent visits to illuminate the book. A third book, Adventures on the High Teas: In Search of Middle England was published in March 2009. Maconie's March 2012 book, Never Mind the Quantocks, is a collection of more than 50 essays from his monthly column in Country Walking magazine.

Maconie said he started two urban legends: that Bob Holness, UK host of the game show Blockbusters, played the sax solo on Gerry Rafferty's hit single "Baker Street" and that David Bowie invented the board game Connect Four. The stories first appeared as blatant jokes in a spoof NME's Believe It or Not feature, but have since been repeated elsewhere as if true.

Maconie also said he was the first to use the term Britpop for the British pop music movement of the mid-1990s. John Robb had earlier used the term in 1987 when writing for Sounds. Maconie later said, "I'm sure someone must have used the expression before me about the Hollies, or the Beatles, back in the '60s. But I was the first person to use it about bands like Oasis and Blur".

In February 2023, Roger Waters of Pink Floyd was highly critical of Maconie for an article in the New Statesman which he said misrepresented his views on bandmate David Gilmour's musicianship. Waters said, "It's the usual, shit stirring, ill-informed nonsense." He accused Maconie of "unearned condescending authority" and said "I don't know who he thinks he's quoting when he says Gilmour's 'horrible guitar solos' but it sure as shit ain't me." He concluded, "So, Stuart Maconie, you little prick, next time, please check your copy with the subjects of your grubby little piece, before you go to print."

Publications
His books include:
 * 3862 Days: The Official History of Blur
 * James – Folklore: The Official History
 * Cider with Roadies
 * Pies and Prejudice: In Search of the North
 * Adventures on the High Teas: In Search of Middle England
 * Short Stories for Short Breaks
 * Never Mind the Quantocks
 * The Pie at Night: In Search of the North at Play
 * Long Road from Jarrow: A journey through Britain then and now
 * The Nanny State Made Me: A Story of Britain and How to Save it
 * The Full English: A Journey in Search of a Country and its People

Broadcasting
As a broadcaster, his work has appeared on television and radio.

Radio 1
He was a music reporter for Mark Goodier's Evening Session on BBC Radio 1, alongside Andrew Collins. Also on Radio 1, from 1995 to 1997, Maconie joined forces with Collins presenting a music review called Collins and Maconie's Hit Parade, which originally went out on Monday nights from 9pm to 10pm and then on Sunday afternoons from 3pm to 4pm. In addition to this, in October 1996, Maconie took over a weekly album show on Radio 1 on Sunday nights, until late 1997.

Radio 2
Maconie joined BBC Radio 2 in 1998, with shows such as All Singing, All Dancing, All Night, a northern soul music show, and, for several years, Stuart Maconie's Critical List on Saturday evenings. He also presents documentaries and deputised for Johnnie Walker on Radio 2's Drivetime programme.

From April 2006 to 29 March 2008, Maconie presented the Saturday afternoon show previously presented by Chris Evans.

In addition to his Saturday show, on 16 April 2007, Maconie joined forces with Mark Radcliffe to present a new show on BBC Radio 2 which was broadcast between Monday and Wednesday (Monday to Thursday up to April 2010) from 8pm to 10pm. In spring 2011, this show was transferred to 6 Music in the afternoon slot, 1 – 4pm weekdays, later moving to weekend mornings from 8am to 10am. In 2012, Maconie began presenting The People's Songs, a "story of modern Britain in 50 records". Described as music as social history, 50 programmes in the series examine periods in Britain, the events that were occurring and how a particular song was the soundtrack of that period.

Radio 5 Live
From 1994 to 2001, he presented the satirical news review The Treatment, on BBC Radio 5 Live.

BBC Radio 6 Music
He also joined BBC Radio 6 Music from its inception in 2002 where he presents The Freak Zone radio show. It is described as "the weird, the wonderful and all that's in between", and is very diverse in musical content. This show is broadcast every Sunday from 8pm to 10pm, and has been supplemented in 2010 with The Freakier Zone, which airs from midnight to 1am every Saturday night/Sunday morning. In spring 2011, his Radio 2 show with Mark Radcliffe was moved to 6 Music, weekdays 1 – 4pm. The afternoon show ended on 21 December 2018 and moved to the weekend breakfast show in January 2019.

Other broadcasting
Maconie has also presented musical specialities for BBC Radio 4 and the new-style "populist" BBC Radio 3 and has appeared on television and in films. In 2007 he presented Stuart Maconie's TV Towns for ITV3, six one-hour shows about TV and film locations in Newcastle, Birmingham, Manchester, Edinburgh, Liverpool and London.

In February 2015 he was the guest of Sarah Walker on BBC Radio 3's Essential Classics. Since 2016 he has appeared on the North of England team on the BBC Radio 4's Round Britain Quiz.

Other projects
Maconie was President of The Ramblers from 2017 to 2023 and is a keen fellwalker. He completed, on 20 June 2009, all 214 Wainwrights in Cumbria and is an honorary member of the Wainwright Society, having given their Memorial Lecture in 2006. In late 2009, Experience Northwest released a series of short stories he wrote about the hidden gems in England's Northwest.

Personal life
Maconie is a supporter of Wigan Athletic and Wigan Warriors. In December 2009, Maconie was awarded an honorary Master's degree by Edge Hill University, Ormskirk. The university has a hall of residence called Maconie in his honour.

In July 2011, he was awarded an honorary Doctor of Letters (DLitt) from the University of Bolton.

In January 2016 he became a patron of Warley Woods after a number of years being actively involved.

Politics
Maconie is politically left of centre and joined the Labour Party at the age of 17. He has commented on Marxism: "In these days of identity politics and what you might call 'the selfie-fication' of political thought, Marxism remains refreshingly bracing in its view of the world."

title: Stuart Maconie


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User talk:Firedemon

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! -- Longhair | Talk 10:19, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Firedemon


text:
BBC Food

BBC Food is a division of the BBC which controls a recipe website part of BBC Online, an online streaming channel, and a former international commercial television channel focusing on food.

Website
BBC Food is the public service website which publishes recipes from BBC programmes.

The BBC Food website has been running since the year 2000 and is part of BBC Learning. Most of the site's recipes are featured on television programmes, but the site also commissions original recipes to accompany public service campaigns to teach and encourage the public to cook.

BBC Food publishes recipes that will be of use to the broadest possible audience, and refrains from publishing recipes that clearly require restaurant kitchen equipment or the skills of a professional chef.

BBC Food is not related to the monthly magazine and media brand BBC Good Food, which was acquired by Immediate Media Company in 2018.

Television channel
BBC Food was also the name of the BBC's international commercial television channel focusing solely on food until it was replaced in the television markets in which it was broadcast by BBC Lifestyle. The channel was owned and operated by BBC Worldwide, the BBC's commercial arm.

The channel launched in June 2002 and was available in Southern Africa and parts of Scandinavia. While much of the programming was from the BBC, having been shown on other outlets elsewhere, other content from other providers was included in the scheduling.

Well known chefs who have appeared on the channel with their respective programmes have included:

 * Antonio Carluccio
 * Sophie Grigson
 * Ainsley Harriott
 * Ken Hom
 * Madhur Jaffrey
 * Nigella Lawson
 * James Martin
 * Jamie Oliver
 * Gary Rhodes
 * Delia Smith
 * Rick Stein
 * Antony Worrall Thompson

A similar service operated within the United Kingdom and Ireland called Good Food, owned by Discovery, Inc. It closed on 12 September 2019 after merging its programming with Food Network.

The BBC Food channel was phased out in Africa in September 2008, and in Scandinavia in December 2008. The channel was replaced by the new BBC Lifestyle.

A free streaming service under the name BBC Food was launched in the United States via Pluto TV in 2021.

title: BBC Food


text:
Al Cowlings

Allen Cedric "A.C." Cowlings (born June 16, 1947) is an American former professional football player and actor. He played college football for the USC Trojans before being selected fifth overall in the first round by the Buffalo Bills in the 1970 NFL draft. He was a starter at various defensive positions for the Buffalo Bills, Houston Oilers, Los Angeles Rams, Seattle Seahawks, and the San Francisco 49ers, until retiring after the 1979 season.

Cowlings is most famous for his role in aiding his close friend O. J. Simpson in fleeing the police on June 17, 1994, after Simpson was accused of killing his ex-wife Nicole Brown Simpson and her friend Ron Goldman. After leading police on a low-speed chase in his now infamous white Ford Bronco, Cowlings drove Simpson back to his home, where he was arrested (not to be confused with OJ's own Ford Bronco, which had traces of the victims' blood and was therefore used as evidence in the trial). Cowlings was also arrested for aiding Simpson, but charges were dropped for lack of evidence.

Early life
Cowlings was born on June 16, 1947, in San Francisco, and raised in its Potrero Hill neighborhood. There he was a member of the Superiors social club, which met at the Booker T. Washington Community Center. He attended Galileo High School, where he played football with O. J. Simpson. He and Simpson became friends. After high school, both attended City College of San Francisco, where they played on the football team.

Football career
Cowlings was named an All-American defensive tackle after his senior year at the University of Southern California (USC). During his senior year, the Trojans went undefeated, and Cowlings led a powerful defensive line, nicknamed "The Wild Bunch" after the movie of the same name.

Cowlings was drafted fifth in the first round of the 1970 NFL Draft by the Buffalo Bills. He was a starter his first three years in Buffalo, but was traded to Houston Oilers after the 1972 season. He played all 14 games for the Oilers in both 1973 and 1974, but just five games in 1975 for the Rams. In 1976, he became a charter member of the Seattle Seahawks, after being signed off the waiver wire when the Rams released him at the end of the preseason. He played just one game, due to an injury he suffered while playing for the Rams in an exhibition game against the Seahawks. He returned to the Rams in 1977, played with CFL Montreal Alouettes in 1978, and finished his career in 1979 with the San Francisco 49ers.

Acting career
Cowlings's first film role was in the 1985 film Bubba Until It Hurts, starring Bubba Smith. He had a recurring minor role as Coach Nabors in the HBO football sitcom 1st & Ten, which also starred Simpson. Cowlings also served as a technical football advisor on the football scenes in the 1991 Tony Scott film The Last Boy Scout.

Friendship with O. J. Simpson
Cowlings was a close friend of O. J. Simpson, whom he had known since childhood. They were teammates at Galileo High School, San Francisco City College, USC, on the Buffalo Bills, and on the San Francisco 49ers. Cowlings dated Simpson's first wife, Marguerite Whitley, while they were attending Galileo High School, and when they were having issues as a couple, Simpson stepped in as a mediator, but the discussion turned into a relationship and they married in 1967; Cowlings was reportedly angry at the time, but he and Simpson would eventually reconcile and resume their friendship. They remained close friends and confidants through the years, with Cowlings being the godfather of Simpson's son Jason and a groomsman at Simpson's and Nicole Brown's wedding in 1985. Cowlings was also the ring bearer at mutual friends Robert and Kris Kardashian's wedding in 1978. After the murders of Nicole Brown and her friend Ronald Goldman on June 12, 1994, in which Simpson was a "person of interest," Brown's funeral took place in the St. Martin of Tours Catholic Church in Brentwood on June 16, Cowlings's 47th birthday; Cowlings served as a gatekeeper and pallbearer at the funeral. During the memorial service at David LeBon's house, Cowlings paid his respects to Brown while holding back tears.

The next day, despite agreeing to turn himself into the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD), Simpson failed to surrender at the Parker Center station. Later that day, witnesses reported seeing Simpson riding in a white Ford Bronco, a vehicle owned and being driven by Cowlings, thus becoming the object of a low-speed chase by California Highway Patrol cruisers on the freeways. During the chase, Cowlings made a 911 call from a cell phone and claimed that Simpson was armed with a gun pointed to his own head, demanding that Cowlings drive him to Simpson's estate in Brentwood, or Simpson would kill himself. The pursuit was televised on live TV via helicopter. It interrupted coverage of the 1994 NBA Finals, and was viewed by approximately 95 million people in the United States alone. During the chase, an agitated Cowlings famously told 911 dispatchers: "My name is A.C.! You know who I am, goddamn it!" The chase ended at Simpson's Brentwood home, where Simpson surrendered to police after a nearly hourlong wait.

When the chase concluded and Cowlings and Simpson surrendered, Cowlings was arrested and charged with a felony for aiding a fugitive. He was booked into the Los Angeles men's jail, from which he was later released on $250,000 bond. District Attorney Gil Garcetti eventually determined, however, that pending charges against Cowlings would be dropped due to lack of sufficient evidence.

During Simpson's criminal trial, Cowlings surprised the media with a press conference held a block from the courthouse. Cowlings retained Beverly Hills public relations firm Edward Lozzi & Associates to conduct the press conference without revealing the reason or itinerary. Lozzi introduced Cowlings and Cowlings's attorney, Donald Re. Cowlings then announced he had created a 900 phone number for the public to ask him questions—about anything except the murder and trial. Cowlings read a one-minute prepared statement announcing the 900 number, which was simultaneously unveiled visually in the room. Reports that Cowlings raised over $1 million from this $2-dollars-plus-a-minute 900 number were never verified. Under oath in his deposition for Simpson's civil trial, Cowlings said that the 900 number endeavor just "broke even." This press conference was the only time Cowlings officially spoke to the media about anything related to the Simpson case. Former porn star and ex-girlfriend Jennifer Peace, who testified before a grand jury, claimed that Cowlings had confessed to her that a hysterical Simpson had called him on the night of the murders and that the murder weapon had been disposed of; Cowlings denied the allegations.

After Simpson's acquittal in October 1995, Fred Goldman, Ron's father, filed a civil suit against Simpson for wrongful death. Cowlings was subpoenaed and during both the deposition and trial took the Fifth Amendment when asked what he was doing between June 13, 1994, when Simpson returned from Chicago, and the freeway chase on June 17, 1994, as he could still be charged for aiding and abetting. But he testified that he had seen Simpson throw out Brown's clothes from their apartment during an argument in 1979 and that while he was driving Brown to a hospital on New Year's Day 1989, she told him Simpson hit her, which (along with Brown's recorded 911 calls, pictures of her with bruises, and similar witness testimony about physical aggression by Simpson against Brown) contradicted Simpson's civil trial testimony that he had never been abusive during their marriage. Cowlings notably broke down in tears after being shown photographs of Nicole's bruised face. Simpson was found liable for both deaths in February 1997.

Bronco
In 1994, Cowlings's 1993 Ford Bronco from the low-speed chase was purchased by Simpson's former sports agent Mike Gilbert and two other men, then ended up sitting in a parking garage for the next 17 years (1995-2012), where it was rarely used. As of 2017, the vehicle was on loan to the Alcatraz East Crime Museum, where it was put on display as part of an exhibit on the murder trial.

Personal life
Cowlings is a member of the 2009 USC Athletic Hall of Fame class along with Junior Seau, Rodney Peete, and John Robinson. USC's Cowlings Residential College is named in his honor.

In 2012, Fox News examined the lives of key individuals in the Simpson case and found that Cowlings was reportedly working as a handbag sales representative. In 2014, an ex-teammate told USA Today that Cowlings worked for B. Wayne Hughes, founder of Public Storage. Six months later, USA Today quoted retired tennis player and friend of Cowlings Joe Kolkowitz saying that Cowlings had retired and is still living in Southern California.

In 2016, Cowlings was played by Malcolm-Jamal Warner in the critically acclaimed series The People v. O. J. Simpson: American Crime Story. According to TMZ, during production, Cowlings had reportedly threatened to sue FX if he was portrayed negatively.

In March 2018, O.J. Simpson (after his parole for armed robbery and kidnapping) said that he may have chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a neurodegenerative disease common in athletes who have suffered numerous head wounds or concussions. Simpson said that close friends and former teammates, including Cowlings, also struggle with the symptoms of CTE.

title: Al Cowlings


text:
Talk:Nieuwegein

It is not relevant which coffeeshop serves the best quality of marihuana. Although I cannot imagine that Wiki-pedia would be pleased whit such kind of content. An article should be without any personal opinion

The coffeeshop items on The Pool and Nador have been deleted.

 * I deleted the Estonian sister city relationship of Nieuwegein. It's not relevant, because it doesn't exist anymore. As I work in this department, I know there are no links with Estonia anymore. The focus is on Pulawy and Rundu. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 212.61.140.226 (talk) 12:49, 7 November 2011 (UTC)

Sports Clubs in Transportation Section
I don't think sports clubs has anything to do with transportation — Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.104.238.242 (talk) 13:41, 7 October 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Nieuwegein


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Tree of Life/Cultivar infobox

This article describes how to add a Cultivar Infobox to an article on a cultivar, or cultivated variety of plant. Use this infobox only when the cultivar deserves its own article, separate from the article on the species from which it was developed.

For articles on biological species, use a taxobox instead; see WikiProject Tree of Life/taxobox usage for details. For articles on animal breeds, use the appropriate breed template instead; see for example WikiProject Dog breeds and WikiProject Horse breeds.

Hybrid, not assigned to a species
Brugmansia 'Feingold' is cultivar not placed as to species because its parents did not belong to the same species: it is not an infraspecific hybrid. An interesting detail here is that one of its parents, B. 'Charles Grimaldi', is an intergeneric hybrid of B. candida × Datura cubensis, although this not apparent in its name (the cultivar is placed in Brugmansia). Note that this parentage of 'Charles Grimaldi' is not given in the box: that would be a step too far. The full details of parents, grandparents, etc. can be given in the article text.

Intraspecific hybrid
The 'Golden Delicious' apple is a cross of cultivars of the species Malus domestica whose origin is known even if the exact varieties that gave rise to it are not.

Hybrid, parents unknown
The parents of Rhododendron 'President Roosevelt' are not known, so the "Hybrid parentage" section can only mention the genus.

Non-hybrid
Erysimum 'Chelsea Jacket' was made by selecting individuals of the wild species Erysimum cheiri. Its origin is not known to this editor, so the "Origin" section is left blank in the infobox.

Cultivar Group

Member of a Cultivar Group

Cultivar with one or more marketing names
The International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP) requires a cultivar to have a single unique cultivar name, which is enclosed in single quotes. However, it may have any number of "trade designations", "marketing names" or "selling names". These must not be enclosed in single quotes (but according to the ICNCP should be distinguished typographically). Complete marketing_names where these are relevant.


text:
Sherardia

Sherardia is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genus contains only one species, Sherardia arvensis, the (blue) field madder, which is widespread across most of Europe and northern Africa as well as southwest and central Asia (from Turkey to Saudi Arabia to Kazakhstan) and Macaronesia (Canary Islands, Azores, Madeira, Savage Islands). It is also reportedly naturalized in Australia, New Zealand, Taiwan, Kerguelen, Ethiopia, Sudan, southern Africa, Mexico, Costa Rica, South America, Bermuda, Cuba, Haiti and much of Canada and the United States (especially the Pacific States and the lower Mississippi Valley).

Description
Sherardia arvensis is an annual plant with trailing and upright stems growing up to 40 cm long, having a square cross-section. The rough pointed bristly leaves of about 1 cm in length are in whorls of four to six (normally six at the ends of the shoots, but four nearer the root).

The tiny pale lilac or pink flowers are approximately 3 mm in diameter and have a long tube, with only the end part of the four petals free. The flowers grow in clusters of two or three together in an involucral structure formed out of a ring of six bracts.

The fruit are dry and about 3 mm long with two lobes giving rise to two small, dry, indehiscent fruits called nutlets.

The four-angled stems with whorls of bristly leaves and tiny flowers are reminiscent of the Bedstraws and other related Rubiaceae, but Sherardia is distinguished by its mauve/pink flowers that are organized in clusters and having a long corolla tube.

Sherardia arvensis plants are hermaphroditic and pollinated by flies.

Uses
Sherardia arvensis is a common weed of fields, pasture, grassland, and disturbed areas. The fleshy roots, though much inferior to the common madder (Rubia tinctorum), are sometimes used for the production of a red dye.

Taxonomy
The genus and species were described by Carl Linnaeus in Hortus Cliffortianus in 1736 and also appeared in his masterwork Species Plantarum in 1753. The genus was named in memory of the prominent English botanist William Sherard (1659–1728). The Latin epithet arvensis means that it is found in fields.

title: Sherardia


text:
Talk:Oil shale

External links modified (January 2018)
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I have just modified one external link on Oil shale. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100314115027/http://www.heritage.org/Research/Lecture/Oil-Shale-Toward-a-Strategic-Unconventional-Fuels-Supply-Policy to http://www.heritage.org/research/lecture/oil-shale-toward-a-strategic-unconventional-fuels-supply-policy

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Concerns wrt FA criteria
I came across this article looking for external links to organisations associated with climate misinformation using Special:Linksearch. I was surprised to find one such a link in an FA, now removed. Unfortunately, this article seems to require more TLC to be brought back up to FA level.

 * A significant update is needed. The article relies heavily on pre-2008 sourcing. Research and industry developments since are not well integrated
 * There is some WP:SANDWICHing going on with the images
 * There are some problems with overcitation. In a few scattered places, citations are missing completely.

If these issues cannot be addressed here, the article may be taken to Featured article review, where it can be delisted if issues remain unaddressed. Femke (talk) 18:38, 13 November 2021 (UTC)

Dictyonema shale
Dictyonema shale has nothing to do with the basidiolichen Dictyonema. It has to do with the fossil colonial animal Dictyonema. Good example of problems that arise when the same name is used for plants and animals. 23.93.190.67 (talk) 04:00, 24 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Oil shale


text:
Geurie crossing loop collision

The Geurie crossing loop collision occurred on the night of 23 August 1963. Geurie is located between Orange and Dubbo in New South Wales, Australia.

Events
The Sydney-bound Bourke Mail train, with 110 passengers, was steaming towards Geurie station. The locomotive was C38 Pacific steam engine, 3817. Standing in the loop, beside a grain silo, was a goods train, hauled by a 265 t Beyer-Garratt AD60 class locomotive 6003. It was refuged so as to cross the Mail train.

The length from the front of the Garratt locomotive to the driver's position contributed to a misjudgment of standing clear of the mainline. 3817 collided with the Garratt locomotive at an estimated speed of 32 km/h.

The fouling point, as was common practice at the time, was marked by a white lamp on a white post located quite close to the actual fouling point. The points at the entrance to the loop were operated by a ground frame and interlocked with signals using annett keys. There were no track circuits over the points which might have detected the foul locomotive and thus held the home signal at "red" and thus stopped the mail train short of the obstruction.

The impact of the two locomotives colliding forced the Garratt into the side of the silo and reared up its boiler section on to its leading water unit. 3817 was derailed and pushed over on to its side. Three carriages of the Mail train were also derailed. The collision damaged approximately 60 m of track on the main line and loop and the line was not reopened for another three days.

Damages
A total of 19 passengers aboard the Mail train were injured.

Due to the considerable damage to both locomotives and the decline of steam traction then under way, neither 6003 nor 3817 returned to service.

title: Geurie crossing loop collision


text: User talk:84.29.176.193

title: User talk:84.29.176.193


text:
User:Retaggio

__NOINDEX__

Hello to all wikipedians! --Antonio Retaggio-- 12:25, May 31, 2005 (CET)

My user page is on Italian Wiki it:Utente:Retaggio

Bye.

it:utente:Retaggio

title: User:Retaggio